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¦ _ ¦ • ¦ - fonim hittJliamtC* ^^^^^^' ~ ~ ~' ' ^^^^^^^^^^^-
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GomfljjQifflcnro
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Russia.— Illustration of Passive Obedience.—
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The Licence op ins Bar.—In an action brought
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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" pSO&RESS IN THE PAPAL STATrX The l'beral policy of the new Pope seems to have produc ed universal satisfaction among Ma new subjects , and rendered him extremely popular . The correspondent of the Jims , under date 20 th of July , rires a lengthy and spirited account of the general rejoicings consequent opon the publication of the amnesty , and of the enthusiastic manner in which the ro pe is everywhere received . From this account we sire the following extract : —
Though the joy of the people is unbounded , and is exhibited by illuminations , fireworks , and processions , not » tingle unpleasant circumstance has occurred , and everything is going on with the most admirable order and decorum . The Bonaans have literally followed the Pope ' s advice , ana though they have had for a series of years provocations from the hand of power sufficient to justify moderate reprisals , they have dismissed from their minds all sentiments of hatred , and the late Secretary of State and his agents have passed through this ordeal of popular effervescence without having reason to complain . It was proposed in one of the popular meetings , that a volley o (
groans should be delivered before the palace of Cardinal Lambruschini ; hut even that slight measure of revenge fras repudiated , and though the Cardinal ' s palace is close io the Quirinal , to which the people nightly resort , not the least-violence of word or deed has been indulged . The ¦ very night of the publication of the amnesty , the Cardinal , in his carriage , was by accident enveloped in the crowd ; be was instantly recognized , hut the people quickly made - way , and merely indulged more vehemently in their rallying cry of " "Viva Pio Hbuo , " The benevolent Pontiff is , I am told delighted -with the forbearance of the populace , and fae solemly promised not to relax in the good course ie has so admirably commenced . ¦
The amnesty was published on the 17 th , in the evening , ¦» nd the people contented themselves that night with assembling before the palace of the Quirinal , cheering for Sis Holiness , and marching in procesdon through all the principal streets . The following day , however , meetings trf young men were held , subscriptions were opened in -favour of the poor political prisoners , and then a settled = p ! an of rejoicing was ' arranged . Illuminations , procession * , with bands of music , and other manifestations of popular joy , unshadowed , by the presence of the military , distinguished the next evening , and on the following morning , in . spite of ' the remonstrance of the Pope , a number of . young men of the best families now " at Some , removedthe horses , anuhamesscutheraseWes with silken ropes to his carriage . Bv them he was arawn In triumpa to the
¦ Qoirinal , followed by an immense crowd of ladies , gentlemen , and people , with bands of music and bmnersfljing . Later in the day a dinner was given in the garden of one of the principal restaurants by their friends to some of the liberated prisoners , and a festive scena was improvised in the grounds of the Cafe Saovo later in the night . M . Benzi , who was theleader of the commotion at Bimini last year , was among the number , and with him I saw half-a-doztn fine young men of good family , all of whom iiad been liberated on the previous day from the Castle of ¦ ¦ St . Augelo . These gentlemen had been condemned to ¦ solitary confinement , and some bad passed many months in prison , so that their joy in finding themselves breathing the pure air of heaven , and surrounded by their friends was great Cheers were heard at every moment , and "TiraKa Nono" was echoed on all iideS . T . b . 3 scene in the garden of the Cafe Saovo was still more exciting—as the Bologna advocate , who pleaded for II .
Benzi , was present , and made a speech suitable for the occasion . Be ioU the crowd that many ve&rshad elapsed since any person dare to address the people in public , hat that a new era had commenced of liberty , of speech and of action . He was there to offer his hand and heart to the wise and benevolent monarch who had restored so many unfortunate prisonersto their families . N o foreign guards were now necessary to defend the person of the Pope or enforce the measures of the Government . The Etonian people were the gaarJiaus of ihe fhroDi , find PiuS IS . might rely upon their loyalty . In the name of the people of Bologna , he thanked the citizens for the sympathy they had shown . Hitherto aiind of jealonsy had subsisted between the provinces and the capital , as the people in the country imagined that , while the city was fostered by the court , it cared not for their sufferings ; but the procsedings of that day had shown that Borne was animated Yritutttc same sentftneuts as the pro » lnces , and , on behalt of the Bolognese , he accepted thehand of friend
ship . Thisaddresswasreceived with great applause . Bandfcercnieft were wared , and &e usual crie * of •• 'VivaPio Kono" renewed . The fact is , the lawyer ' s speech has touched a sensitive chord , as you are aware that the people of Borne has rarely sympathized with the revolutionary attempts of the provinces , and that the provinces con > plained that the revenue raised in them was spent exclusively in Borne- The spontaneous rejoicing of the inhabitants of tbe capital wUl appease this angry feeling in the departments , and a general reconciliation of parties will sow take place .
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AMERICA . Nsw Mexican States axd the Slave Question . — Preparations for Independence are being made in 80 me of the Northern provinces of Mexico , and three new States are said to be in embryo : oueinCalifornia , onein 2 frw Mexicaand Santa Fe , and _ a third in the provinces bordering on the Atlantic and the Bio Grande , The question now arises , are these States if voluntarily annexed to the American TTuion , te be slave-holding or free States ? Texas , as a slave State , secured to the slave-holding states , in the Senate of the United States , a majority over the free States .
. . . Each State being entitled to two members of the Senate , ft follows that the slave holding States have a majority of four in the upper House of Congress . Two new free Sfrites are now coining into the Union < Iewa and Wisconsin ) and bills have been introduced in Congress for their admission , which will pass at the present session , so that in the next Congress , commencing its constitutional term on the 4 th of March next , the Senate will be composed of thirty members frora free States , and the same number from 9 laTe-holduig States . In the lower House of Congresswhere representation is regulated by the
, census , the free States are , have been and always will be in the majority : and as population increases much more Tapidly in the Norft than in the South , the slave States will be thrown into a minority in the Senate , unless new States of a similar character are created in Northern Mexico or California . The settlers in Ore gon have unanimously phohibited slavery , and we shall have five new free States there . California is doubtful , although from the character of the population , we are inclined to believe that a movement there in favour of independence , at this time , wouli result in a prohibition of slavery .
TOE CAKADAS . Emigration from the Canadas to the United States is more extensive this season than formerly . The HMton , the Scot , and the JBemwn have caught the Yankee spirit of emigration and liberty , and Canadian ¦ waggons are seen on all the main roads to the North Western States . Cheap lands , free toleration in Teligiou , excellent free schools and a rich sou , added to the rights of citizenship enjoyed by every man , without a standing army to belie the birthright of humanity , present attractions which command the admiration of all intelligentpeople within their reach . Questions of colonial policy are also creating dis--cussions in Canada of the utmost importance . Annexation to the American TJnion is advocated openly . What was considered a capital jokea yearago , is now a matter of sober reflection .
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THE CAFFRE WAR . ( From tie Cape Toven 3 taU of the 23 rd of May , 184 C . ) "WithregretwehaTeto announce , tnattbefrontierpost , which arrived this evening , br ings intelligence of another -of those unaccountablereverses which havealready turned the attention of military men , with earnest scrutiny , upon -the movements of the several commanding officers , engaged in this hitherto most disastrous campaign . Another bapgage-train , consisting of 41 waggons , with allthe oxen and stores , designed for therelief of FortPed--aie ,: havefaneninto thuhandsof the Caffres , —almost , apparently , without a blow being struck in their defence . The Caffres are daily penetratingfartherinto the colony . Not only Lower Albany , but a greater part of Ditenhage and Somerset , are swept of cattle , and the buildings everywhere laid in ashes . The following particulars are from the Graham ' s 2 mvn -Journalof the 23 rd instant : —
, At sun-set this evening Ihestarflingintelligencereached Graham ' s Town , brought by 3 Ir . Hyde , lieutenant to Mr . Lacas' Company , of the capture by the Caffres of no less than 41 wasgons , about 3 » of which were la din with ^ fora ge ^ ana other GoveHurent stores , on their way to Fort Peddie . , Xnese waggons were sent from Graham ' s Town under the escort of the newly raised company of mounted men , -command by Mr . S . incas . It appears that these waggons reached Driver ' s-hill , 10 miles from town , on tl : fc
¦ e vening of the 18 th , where they remained for the night , starting at daylight the next day , and reaching Frazcr ' s camp , 10 roUesfuf flier . about 2 o ' clock in the afternoon , About 3 o ' cloclcthey again moved forward towards Trompetter ' s Drift . This part of the road being considered aasgeroui , the utmost caution was exercised in placing the men , and the most careful vigilance exercised along the whole line of march . On entering the Fish River Bu % h , lieutenant Dixon , 91 st Regiment , commanding at Trompetter's Drift , with a small party of men , came forward to meet the wauECms . and intimated to Mr . Lucas
that he considtreed himself in charge of the waggons . The whole reached the post at Trompetter ' s Drift in safety the same evening . Tf bile remaining here the following oay , information was given that many Cafires had been seen in that immediate neig hbourhood , and that there was reason to believe their further passing through the bushy defile would be disputed by iie enemy . In this emergency four civilians -namely . Messrs . Conway , Webb , Abernethy , and * aptha ^ eiy spiritedly volunteered to proceed by a bye-path throughthe bush to Fort Peddie , to state their circum-
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stances , and regnest " a reinforcement from thai post J » ^ K , - ^ * ^ i ! lgte in fte ni K nt - aadVuoi cseued fully uv their enterprige . 1 Mb distance from Trompetters to Peddie is about 12 miles—the parties re turning from the latter place before dajUght with the assurance from . Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay that the neceisary aid should be given . Under the full expectation of attack by the Caflres , the waggon tram started the following morning ( Thursday ) shortly after sunrise , under charge of Mr . Dixon That officer and his party , and Mr . 1 UC 88 with thirteen men of his troop wentforward in front , Lieutenant Hyde , with the rest of Lucas ' s troop , bringing up the rear . The infantry were place ! in the ' eentre as before . On reaching
the Bine River , a dry ravine which crosses through the thick bush , Captain Campbell , with a detachment of 60 men of the 91 st Regiment , was found awaiting their arrival , and then immediately assumed the command , but without disturbing any of the arrangements which had been made by Lieutenant Dixon , that officer and Jfr . Lucas still leading the advance . At the point where the train of waggons now was , the road is much broken , hilly , bushy and tortuous , and here the Cafires had posted themselves to dispute its progress . Whether the bush at this dangerous place was | examined before we are not informed . However this may be , it seemB that the advanced guard had reached the summit of the first ridge , and w * re just about to descend the opposite side , when the Caffres . who had posted themselves in the
thick bush and rocks by the road sWe , opened a heavy fire upon the party , killing Lieutenant Dixon ' s horse under him , a horse belong ing to Lieutenant Aitchison , and also a FiDgoe , At this particular point there is an elevated bushy mound , on the sides of which , commandin- the road , the savages had posted themselves . A little beyonathu there is a patch of open ground , and the moment the first voley was fired the burghers under Lieutenant Dixon , plunged into the bush and gain this position . Mr . Lucas at the same moment fell back to the front waggon , and was quickly joined by Lieutenant Dixon . Dismounting from their horses they endeavoured to push their way through the bush with the waggon , bnt on reaching the spot where the first volley had been poured upon them , they were again met with a most
destructive fire , by which seven of the oxen were shot dead , which , as they fell , were cut away from the yokes , in hopes with the rest they might struggle through the pass . At this time there were only five oxen left , and as it was impossible that these unaided should draw the waggon forward , the Caffres still pouring a fire upon them . Lieutenant Dixon and ' - Mr .- Lucas put . their shoulders to the wheel , and . by this means , and some of the inea of the 91 st goading tbe oxen with the points . of their bayonet " , the vehicle was at length got down the hill to the open space before described . Hire the party , with Lieutenant Dixon ' s Burghers , took up a good position . It was soon , however , found that though they had thus worked their way out of , this perilous situation , yet the leeond waggon had to pass through the snme
ordeal . The Caffres on its approach opened their fire upon iti wl . ich was steadily and vigorously retailed by the men of the 91 st . This firing had lasted about ten minutes , when npon its suddenly ceasing a large body of Caffres wai seen moving down the main road , apparently with the intention of cutting off the communication between this party and the rest of the waggons Lieutenant Dixon then deemed it advisable to fall bnclc upon the second waggon , on reaching which it was found partially deserted , retreat having been made to the waggons in the rear . The CaffreB again opened a most destructive 'fire upon this gallant little parir , and by which two civilians were killed , and several horse 9 . Those who were spared struggled down this lone train of waggons to the rear , where they at length founa Captain
Campbell , who immediately gave orde * 5 to retreat At the post at Tompetter's Drift , taking the lead himself in this retrograde movement , and directing Captain Lucas , who , had been placed in front on the advance , to take charge j of the rear . The casualties in this disastrous affair are , { as far as we hare yet been able to collect them , as follows : —Four men killed ; One of Mr . Lucas * men , j named Openshaw , is severely wounded in the arm , and i also a mnn of the Tth Dragoon < 3 taards . From sixteen to j eighteen horses are reported to nave been killed or lost , ! together with forty-one waggons , with all their oxen and stores . Fortunately the ammunition waggons had been left at Trompetter ' s Drift , and it is said that in the captured waggons there were not more than about 300 rounds of cartridge .
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THE ARRESTS IN THE GARDEN OF THE TUILERIES . The Gazette des Ti-ibunaux lias the followine ; on the arrests which took place in the garden of the Tuileries : — We announced yesterday the arrest of the three young men in the garden of the Tuileries for using seditious language against the King , shortly before Joseph Henry fired at his Majesty . A journal hns announced erroneously that they were restored to liberty after a short interrogation . The following is what really took place : — At a little distance from the spot where Henry was stand , ing three young men exhibited strong marks of impatience at the King's not cDining out on the balcony , that the concert might begin . They appeared to have drunk more wine than usual at dinner , and their conversation in a short time became exceedingly insulting to the King and Royal Family . The persons who stood near them
gradually drew back to avoid a quarrel which they seemed not to be unwilling toengage in . It was only afterwards , when the rumour-was-spread about thattte King . had been fired at , that the persons who bad heard the language of the three young men were struckwlth the gravity of the circumstance . On returning to the place where they had left them , they found them all uttering abusive language against the Xing , hut ignorant , as they afterwards declared , of what had taken pi > ce . Theyoung men were then arrested ; one , 19 years of age , ii a shopkeeper ' s clerk ; a second , one of the same age , is a writer in an avoue's office ; and the third , aged 30 , is similarly employed . When taken bafore the Commissary of Folice of
the Quarter of the Tuileries , they did not deny the langnage attributed to them , but ascribed it to having taken too much wine at dinner . They denied having any ill intentions against ihe King ° his fftttlly , And when asked if they had not been pnt forward by some political party , one of them , in order to show that no motive of personal interest had prompted them to act as they had done , produced a ticket of the Mont-fle-Piste for a coat which had been pledged to furnish the funds for the dinner . They were sent to the Prefecture of Police , and placed at the disposal of the law officers of the Crown . A fourth individual , also accused ofutrerinp : seditious cries , an architect by profession , and about nineteen years of age , was also arrested .
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We extract the following from a letter , dated St . Peiereburgb , 15 th July : —An incident , which proves the passive obedience which exists in Russia , has been whispered in the different saloons of fche ^ Russian capital . A few days since the Emperor embarked on board a steamer for Cronstadt : at the same moment an English brig was manoeuvring to get out of port . The captain of the steamer deviated slightly from the direct line , to avoid a collision , but the Emperor ordered him to keep on in the first direction . With * out replying , the captain obeyed the orders of the Emperor , and what he foresaw took place , the steamer struck the English brig , and in the shock
had part of her bulwarks carried away , and her chimney broken . Admiral Maiden , who was standing near the Emperor , was wounded , and some of the officers received contusions . The Admiral in command of the Baltic was going to put the captain of the steamer under arreat , but the Emperor not only would not allow it , but publicly expressed his satisfaction to the captain that he had obeyed his orders without hesitation , at the risk of damaging his vessel . The English brig continued her way , and it was not ascertained if she suffered a » y conRidvrable damage , but doubtless the Emperor will generously indemnify the master . On the occasiin of the marriage of his daughter the Emperor granted a number of favours , promotions in the army , Ac .
TLvitbd States Volunteers . —A Montreal paper furnishes an extract from a States paper uepicting characteristically the go-a-head volunteers of . the West—men not difficult to manage , perhaps , after all , oncein the presence ofthe enemy : — " No people in the wsrld are so fond of jokes at their own expense as the Americans , and none so sore at being quizzed by foreigners . If the following paragraph had appeared in an English work , what a screech of mdipa-; ion our friends would hare uttered : Verily by their own accountof themselves , discipline must be hard to attain with such materials . A gentleman just down " r om the port informs us that while there a boat came to the lading on which Colonel Kearney walked to he
see if any despatches had arrived for him ; and , as passed the sentry at the landing , he ordered him to prevent the recruits from coming on board . Ho had only reached the boiler deck , however , when down walked ten of the boys , whom the sentry ordered baek ; but thrusting him aside , on board they marcl : ed . andone > atallsix footMissorian walked uo to Colonel Kearney , nndslappinghimfannharly on the shoulder says : —' You don't git off from us , old hosslfor , by the Ingin corn , well go plum Sough fire W thunder with you 1 What'll you drink ! General ? Don't be back ' ard ; smg out ! The Colonel tried to look grave at this familiarity , but it was done by those who were so evidently un-? "io 7 . ;; 7 ,. f ^/ breach of etiouette that he wss
of Se with them at the bar ; the tall boy «« £ is ^ s r ^^^ & fsss ^ ^^ SBS * S « S | 9 £ One Of the volunte er captains whilednlhng h . 9 men was addressing ihcm as ' gentlemen- " » ; ? - ^ r ~ lay aside your gentlemen , ' shouted a United states officer ; all sr . ldiers are am , and we don t want them to be so d-d geudtJ ' Weigh out that pork , said an ftfiioftf tn Iwn nvivnf or . nnintinff at a P » e « « ° o
rounds . ' Jim , ' says one to the other , is tliur anytain' in the governor ' s requisition about wcignin pork V ' I doa't know , ' says Jem ; I'll rarry my share when it ' s cooked ; but I'll see him a-str ; xl < lle of blue Iightnin' afore I'll finger that grease pile . — &t . Louis Reveille ,
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at our late assizes , by one Ilenson against Mr , liavrow , lato High Sheriff , a young woman , named Eleanor Wilson , was called to prove that the plaintiff had been arrested in the town , and not in . the county of Nottingham—a circumstance which formed the ground of action . During the examination ol the girl , it came oat that she and her two sisters , whose united earnings amounted to Hs . a-week , supported their parents . The Judge ( Coleridge ) demanded ' How came yon by thai ; silk scarf ' anil the other things you have on ? " The girl , bursting into tears , replied indignantly "They are paid for . I do not know why 1 should beasked that . question . " We confess we do not marvel at the girl ' s indignation or at her surprise that such an inquiry should proceed from the judicial bench . Mr . Justice Coleridge asked a very thoughtless and preposterous Question . Why cavil at the decency of the young woman ' s
appearance , or h-izard a grave insinuation , when a moment ' s reflection must tell him that poor people subpronned on a trial , if they cannot make what they conceive to be a creditable appearance out ^ of their own apparel , have recourse to friends or neighbours , that they may show that respect to the Court which , we imagine , Eleanor Wilson will not henceforth be inclined to feel , or be anxious to disseminate . Mr . Whitehurst , the defendant's counsel , taking the cue which the Judge had suggested , asked , " Where did she get that fine silk scarf , and bonnet decked out with flowers ? " Unwarrantable insinuations w firmly believe them to have been—discreditable we know tliev were . We are given to understand that this girl , Eleanor Wilson , has been in the employment of a highly respected lace manufacturer of tlii * town for a period of eight years , and that that gentleman can give her a most unexceptionable character— tfoUinghwn JJercwy .
TnE Bisuop or Exeter and the " Western Times . " — The Bishop of Exeter Iias indicted Mr . Thomas Latimer , editor andi proprietor of the Westcrr Timcs , lov libel and defamation , for having publish . ' . * a report ofthe speech of Lord Seymour , at Totr . cs accompanied with some observations thereon . Tin matter lias excited great interest in that city , )• j con sequence of the lang warfare which the editor of tha paper has maintained with the bishop .
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TO THE EDITOR O » IHB HoBTIIEKtf STAB , ,.. * 'T ^ ^ ' through the medium of your journal ( the acknowledged wgiriof ow p 3 rly > , to « 8 y a few word * on the subject of educationf as H appears at the present more . particularly . to claim . attention : * ' Sir , I am aware youhave many cnll ^ upon your space j my remark * , therefore , ' must be as ' brief m possible . The various schemes of national education hitherto propounded have tbeir . respective admirers arid advocates ; but it is not on any of these tried and untried systems I propose to ' , speak . My object is simply to throw oat a fetr suggestions , and , in passing , just inquire what scheme of education do we , the Chartists , propose—and how is it likely to . affert our social and political position ? The State provided us with a sort of edeakion . bnt we
don ' t like it . We are » ow talking quite confidently' of building ^ schoofc on eacft estate that shall be purchased by the Land Society for tfte location of its members ( if , I suppose , the locality be la # ge enough t » maintain one ) , and that all . the . children . of members so loeiiUed will be expected to attend . But as nothing decisive fias been done on this pbinfl . and that it is most likely nothing will until the neat Land Conference , perhaps it may ' not he thought premature to invite the attention of the Board of Directors and ttio members of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , to this great anatiJiary of democracy , with the view that the best , system maybe adopted ; collected ; no doubt as it w ill be , from the best opinions and suggestions of these persons who have thought most , und possess the greatest amount of practical knowledge on the su'Mect . ' :
It appears quite evident to me , judging from the feelings of our members , that thia' subject ® f providing a suitable education for the- children of shareholders lb- - cated upoti the land under the auspices of ihe Chat-list Land Society , jg dm ) y . gamfs > g ground ; titti that , as it occupies a portion of our thoughts and deliberations , it will hold a no legs prominent position in all our future arrangemetitit— . guch a position as its utility aftd importance entitle it to . No doubt most olour members would feel a degree of personal pride nnd unshakable pleasure on reading the announcement in Mr . O'Connor's totter in the Storof August 1 st , that , after giving to each of the thirty-five fortuuate members their respecdiTe allotments at Ilerringsgate , the directors have yet remaining moro than two acres , upon which they propose erecting a school , with half ail acre f < . r play ground , and an acre and a half for a farm and garden . Friends , ttsis is cheering news . ho
; „ According ^? w visited Herringsgate , it i& a lovely , 4 a dslightfof spot ; combining all the elements of physical and .. spcinl " comfort , and may be madeolso—5 * we choose—still more valuable , by accompanying those great qualities with the best eystem of intellectual improvement for tho residents and their , children . Ab the Miles of the Association do not empower the Board of Directors to erect schools on any e-f our estates , I think it would be the wisest te ascertain the opinion of the members on this question , g o far ns it relates to the Herringsgate estate ; they could at once say whether the two acres yet remaining shall form another allotment , or be given for the purposes of education . Being oersuaded the latter will receive your general approval , I ask your attention to the following remarks :
Firstly , —Our first little colony will consist Of thirtyfive families ; and as the number of children "ill , in probability , be too small to support the school , it would be advisable to erect tho scuool . house sufficiimtly large to admit of children belonging to members living at a distance , or of friends resident in 'he neighbourhood . Secondly , —That a master and mistress be appointed by the Board of Directora , subject to the approval of two-thirds of the occupants ; that they be husband and wife ; and that one or both shall have been members of the society six months previous to tbeir appointment or election . . Thirdly , —That not any system of religion , or sectarian notion of theology , be taught in the school , but that this matter be left to the choice and management of the parents .
And Fourthly , —That all tha located members' children attending school , under twelve years of age , and only one from a family , to pay at the rate of three skitlings per quarter ; but , where there are two or more from the same family , nt the rate of two shillings a head per quarter ; and that ati above the age of twelve years , who are able to work , and wt-o are taken by the master to aid him in the cultivation of his land , shall be exempt from the ab . ive charges , during the time they are 90 employed . It ought also to be optional with the teacher whether he receive the school fees in cash or in labour from the heads of the family , These suggestions being thrown together in a hurried manner , are not considered perfect , but ore open to all improvements . Many more might beina e , but these , and the reasons for the foregoing propositions , must be left to another latter at some future time . If I succeed
in causing you to think , inquire , and speak more frc quently of a scheme of education in conjunction with our Chartist Co-operative Land Society , my object is gained . Yows , mo 9 t respectfully , Mottram , August 3 rd , 1816 . Robert Wild .
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¦ « . THE MA . B . TYRS OP 1820 . TO THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND . 1 Fellow Countrtmen , —Hitherto but little has been attempted towards doing- justice to the memory of those who fill in the sacred cause of liberty , in 1820 . It is true the mangled remains of the hoary-headed Wilson were removed by Mi own'daughters , others not-daring to appear in the matter , at tho dead hour of night , from the high Church-yard of Glasgow , and conveyed it to his native town , Strathaven , in the Church-yard of which , his ashes now mingle with that of bis family ; but in the case of Hardy and Baird , nothing beyond the privilege of furnishing the coffins , could be obtained by their sorrowing relatives , their mutul . ited corses were , in their blood-stained shrouds , consigned to their present resting place , the strangles ground in Uie Ulmveh . yuifd of Stirling ; every means were taken to guard against Hie possibility ef their friends obtaining possession of their remains . Thanks to a fen working men of St . Ro ! lox , of GlB 8 KOW , » -. tO them be Hie honour of being the first
movers in the mattcv , —something worthier is about to be a tempted ; it is now almost certain that the consent of the Kirk session of Stirling will be obtained , to have their remains exhumed , and conveyed to Glasgow , where a suitable place is being prepared tor their rrception . About thirteen years ago . a member of our middle class reformers , got a monument in honour of Hardy and Baird erected on the grounds of Thrusligrovc , the property of James Turner , Esq .: circumstances have changed ; Mr . Turner has left Thrushgrove , the ground or field in which the monument stands is altered , in consequence of which it is become all but a total wreck ; the working men of St . Itollox took up the subject , and before consulting any one beyond themselves , actually purchased a piece of ground in the new Cemetery at Ni Jit Hill , perhaps the loveliest spot Of the kind in llic world , nnd to willcU the public llUVfi at all times free and uninterrupted access , for the purpose of having the monument at Thrushgrore removed there .
A public meeting of the inhabitants of Glasgow was held upon the 10 th of March last , to consider t&e pro . priety of carrying out the above object , that meeting took ' up the matter with * pirit an-l entered into arrangemenii according ]?; a oommittee was appointed for the purpose of carrying out the resolutions of the meeting , and with the concurrence of two of the retatives , a brother of Baird ' s , and a full cousin of Hardy , who were present , was instructed to apply te the authorities of Stirling , for leave to have the remains exhumed and brought to Glasgow , subscription sheets were issued and about £ 100 has been subscribe ' . Application was miule to the Kirk Session of Stirling through the lluv . Dr . John Wilson , minister of Stirling , and from tlio very hanilsompmannej in which tho memorial has been received both by Dr . Wi ' son and the Kirk Session , I have ever / reason to believe that at their next inonthly meeting , the application will be granted .
The Committee , anxious to discharge the duty devolving upon them in a manner worthy of the cause in which they are engaged , and in concurrence with the feelings of the subscribers , finding that they had a prospect of being nblo to erect a monumentmoTe suitable than tha old one at Thrushgrove , advertised , offering a premium of three guineas for the best design ; thirteen different plans Are now in the hands of the Committee , the whole ofwlrch reflect great credit upon the artists , but somo are of rare beauty and appropriate design . Fellow Countrymen , —Though the » um placed in the hands of the Committee is handsome and highly creditable to ihe < ohtributoM , yet I am afraid , I may ulmost eny certain , that even that sum will not be sufficient to enable the Committee to complete the plan that may bs selected . Let it net be said that an inferior plan must bo adopted for want of ineaiiB—if every locality in Scofland would do as Glasgow and some of the neighbouring villagt-s has done , there would be moro than sufficient in the hands of the Committee—it is not yet too late ,
thore is a deal of expense move than what will barely build the monument to be im-urred—the ground is to be prepared , or omuim-ntcd , according to the rules of tho cemetery , and it will require fifty-seven feet of railing to cloie In the ground—which , along with the pVlCO , £ 10 , paid for the ground , the bringing of the martyr ' s vcmains from Stirling , withothtr incidental expense , will amount to about half the sum in hand—letthtrefoie every locality who has not yet moved in the matter bestir themselves , and at once place into the hands of tho Committee sufficient means to enable them to erect a monument , worthy of being handed doivn toafteragesa lining moweuto of tho cause in which they suffered , and of jour approval of their patsUrtiam , their puvity of purpose , and their dying testimony when snrroundud by the minions of power , upon thai blood-stained scaffold on which they yielded up their lives in the sacred cause of freedom . I am , Fellow Countrymen , Yours in the holy cnuse of freedom , Joilfi CewJUHOVKi ¦ 53 , Burnside , Glasgow , July 28 , 1 S 1 <> .
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TO TUB EDl'l'OB . OB TUB NORTHERN 3 TAB . Sir . —In your paper of Saturday lust appeared a letter from " A Member of the Glasgow ISrandi ofthe National Charter Association" at the commencement of which tho writer enumerates a number Of" Political Changes ' , that have of late occurred , and amongst the rest , the idicing
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assumed one . '— " When working men'who used to oppose Free Trade , on the ground of expediency , can hold a conference in Birmingham , and defckfft Pr ~ 6 tecUon * to be sound in Principle , &e . &c . " As I approved of , and signed the address put forth by that Conference , I have to r . quest a small portion of your columns briefly to set your correspondent ( and all others whom it may concern ) right upon thesubject , asl do not wish to be classed among the " expediency-monger 8 " , a « n » oreheartless and profligate set of men than whom I have very rarely met with . Sir , I never have opposed the worllingmeil H'llO Signed that nddress , never have opposednor do I know any Chartist
, lecturer who ever did oppose , Free Trade on the " ground of expediency , " on the contrary , we have opposed tho "league , " because we know by better experience that the manufacturing employers ( whoconstituted the grea t majority of the League ) have ever proved themselves to be the cruel / oppressive , and deadly enemies of the workingmen , we have opposed "free Trade" from a deliberate conviction that its effects would be made to place the unprotactetf labourer more completely at the " tender inercies" of Ms relentless and tyrannical taskmaster . We therefore deemed it a vight , nay a trail , to oppose it , not a matter of mere " expediency . *'
I am no wevr convert to the doctrine of ' protection . " , 1 have ever maintained in all my lectures , all my public speeches , andiw ' all my dbcussionswith the agents ofthe ?* league" ( aniV they have not been a f « w , ) that under t& » existing VinWSaeB of the country , . tht Principle of rrotection wasajusfand a soond one , " and I have not seen anytliing as yet from Sir R . Peel , Lord £ .. Russell , Mr . € obden , 01 any perron who has spoken or written on the subject , to alter myopinion , It is within therange of probability , that my opinion may bt wrong-, but it is the lion , ost result of some read ' -ng much reflection ami tilUrexpericnevbimy trade asaoilk-weaver ; - and muat so remain , until it is removed upon the principle that " ' good arguments must give place tcbetter" foftlie mind cannot be mortagedtcthe opinions ' at any man , I' trust thtit 1 have snid yuffiwent to conrinee-your cvrrrspondent that I am no txpediency-monger ,, ' ' ihat I have not jumped "Jim € row , " and 1 1 may further sidd , in proof of my sincerity , that 1 am at all times ready ,, as I have ever been , tft- te » t tbesoundnesa-of my opinioimin public discussioiv , with any one who-may choose to eater the lists niiivme . I remain , your obedient servant , Jcnnf WB 8 T , Macclesfleld . August 3 rd , 184 & .
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HEALTH OF THE METROPOLIS .. A preliminary meeting was held on ' Tuesday at the London Tavern , on the subject of the present condition < jf the liealth of the metropolis , the Rev . Mr .. Havria , in the chair . The ^ eetinp , which was chiefly attended by medical gentlemen ,-consisted : inthe whole of about a dozen persons , and was stated to have arisen out of a letter lately published by the Lord Mayor , on the existence of cholera in the metropolis . The chairman ftiid that ! he resided in- a part of the metropolis ( Mile-end New Town , ) which was above most others liable to epidemics , from the filthy state of many of , the localities ,, and the wane of a proper supply of water , and he had no reason to think that there was any spread or existence ot dis -
ease at present , greater than at siiwlar periods ot former years , lc was lamentable to aee the condition of the poorer classes in that district for want of water , as they had only a supply every second day . and bavins : no proper Teasels , or other means of keeping ft quantity , they were tor a ennsideraMe period hit without any . The lanes , small streets , aml avenueatoo , in that district , were left hi a dreadful state of filth , the lace of a scavenger not being seen there for weekB together , so that accumulations ol noxious substances took place , enough to create n pestilence ; yet the present season was ns healthy as was generally the case there . —Mr . C . Covbrane addressed the meedng , and ateted that the commissioners of sewers , and other city authorities , had at their command ample means , if they thought fit to
employ them , ot cleansing tue whole ot tueUity , and keeping it always in that stato at very little expense ; but tliey had refused to employ the necessary number of men . Mr . Sparks , the principal medical officer of the largest union in the City , declared that there was not the slightest ground for supposing that the least faint of Asiatic cholera prevailed in the metropolis , or any other epidemic Indeed , he knew it to be the astonishment , of most medical men of extensive practice and experience that there should be so little of fever or other disease as prevailed at present , especially considering the intense heat that had so long endured . He was therefsre of opinion that it would be more judicious not to take any step whatever beyvnd communicating with the Lord Mayor , as to the best means of cleansing the several localities , so as to prevent the spread of disease , should it at any ' future time make its appearance . This riew of the matter
was also taken by most of the other medical gentlemen present , who all concurred that there was no ground whatever for saying Asiatic cholera existed , and not more than the averace prevalence of English cholera ; and a jjreat deal of the latter was attributable to the use of the unwholesome aud almost fermenting fruit that was sold about the streets . It was admitted by all ihat since thegreal Storm of Saturday , which had so providentially purified the atmosphere , and thoroughly washed the channels and streets of the metropolis , the cases of dian-Wa had greatly diminished in number and intensity . And in the end , on the motion of ihe Rev . Mr . Russell , a resolution was agreed to that the chairman and a deputation from the meeting should immediately wait on the Lord Mayor , to consult with his lordship as to the thorough cleansing of the streets , supply of water , and all other means of conducing to the prevention of disease . After which , the meeting adjourned to Thursday .
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A MARINE SENTENCED TO BE HANGED . On Wednesday morning a Court-mavtial was held on board the Queen , for the trial of a private of Marines , named James Sayer , on three charges , viz .: for aisftultia ^ Seijeant Connor , his . upGiior officer ; for assaulting Serjeant Smith , his supevior offieev j and for assaulting Corporal Webby . It appeared in evidence that the prisoner , a line looking man , twenty-six years of age , had come on board in a disorderly manner , after parting with some ofJiis necessaries on shore , and was ordered to be put in irons . Serjeant Connor than requested him to go down quietly , on which he turned round and struck him
Serjeant Connor then fent for a guard , and he was forced down into the fore cock-pit , when ha struck Serjeant Smith He was then thrown down to be ironed , and was laid hold of by Corporal Webby , when he said he would not be transported for nothing and turning round struck the coiporal . They all swore that the prisoner was not drunk atthe time , And that all the blows lie gave were intentional . The wretched man had nothing to oiFer In his defence , but to say that he was very sorry for what had happened , and to throw himself on the mercy of the Court . The Court having been cleared , the members remained in deliberation tor an hour , when on its being again re-opened .
The Judge-Advocate rose amidst the most deathlike silence , though the Court-room was filled with officers , seamen , and marines , and said , " Dutsit please the Court I should read the sentence upon the prisoner ?" President ( much affeoted)—It does . The Jud ^ e-Advocato then read tho document , which declared the first and second charges proved , and that the third was not proved , and adjudged that private James Sayer be hanged from the neck frotti 6 &e of Her Majesty ' s vessels , at suuh time ami on board such vessel as the Lords of the Admiralty should direct . President—James Sayer , I am sorry indeed that . I CiinnOt offer you hope that the sentence of this Court will not be carried out , and I recommenJ you to prepave yourself to meet your doom . Tlie Court is dissolved . The prisoner was then removed in custody of the Provost-Maivshal .
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EXTRAORDINARY CHARGE OF EMBEZZLEMENT IN MANCHESTER . Martin Bernard Rhategan , the person remanded on a charge of embezzling to a large amount the money of his employers , Messrs . James Vanne and Co ., was again placed at the b , ir of the Court o « Monday . Mr . Monk conducted the case against the prisoner , who was defended by Mr . Pollock . It appears that about eighteen months ago , Air . Jnipv * Vance , one of the partners , who had up to that tinw managed the firm in Manchester , fell into ill Dealt )) , and the direction of it was thenceforth entrusted tit Mr . Peter Francis Alma , who bought and sold goods , and conducted the correspondence of tho firm . The prisoner , who up till the time of Mr . James Vance leaving , had acted as a book-keeper , was then apnointed to act as cashier , and in that capacity hud
the management « t nil the money transactions . On an examination of the books in May last , ihe partners had reason to suspect that false entries had been made in them in many instances ; and , suspicion alighting upon the prisoner , they raitsed him to be apprehended . One of those charges ot" false entry against the prisoner was gone into . The charge was substantially this : —That on the 31 st of OctObCl" litst , he paid to ono John Sowcrby , lor gonil * sold to . the firm , £ 29 1 Cs .: that he made a correct entry of this transaction in his cash book , thus" 1845 , Oct . 31 st , John Sowerby , premium 9 a ., cash
£ 29 l ( k ; that this outvy was afterwards copied into the journal and ledger by John Thomas Kennedy , a clerk in the counting-house ; and that ttic prisoner subsequently prefixed the figure 1 before the 29 in the pounds column , by which the sum of £ 20 I 63 . was converted into £ 129 lCs ., aud that he added £ 1 Is . to the entry of 9 j . for premium , by inserting the ligure 1 both in the pounds ami shillings column , lie was charged with makins ? a similar alteration in the corresponding entry in tho specie book and led ger . Kennedy swore that the original entries in the two latter books were in his hand writing , but that tlie . figure 1 had been subsequently added \> y some
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one , and bis ( Kennedy's ) original figure ? inked over , ? o as to give the figures the appearance of having a" been made at the same tlmf . Ue a ' 30 proved that in an entry of £ 136 . 15 s . on the opposite side of oeLnT er it t he T ^ urelin tllc P ° unda column had been converted into- a 2 , so as . to make the sum eralin « , tL i and lhaHbisuI'Jbfon effected , » ofc hy gS «? . «* » wt »? 2 upon the erasure , but by posKv f \ ! r a 2 witn a Pen- Kennerly'swore SSSSS ^ JMSM appropriate WofSJS ^*? ffiSSS to his own purpose . employers to
. Mr . Monft submitted ; flint the offence was a foroery at common Jaw . . . It y . - 38 not n ' eeewary . to constitute a forgery , lie wntended tint the name of another party should tensed . Ifras in this ' easei ' tjierc had been an ov \ % inaZ entry , and that entry Wjra a correct one , but that it was . afterwards frnntientif ' hltered he apprehended tfiat entry amounted in common law to a forgery . The Bench , after hearing Mr . Pollock on the point ; and alter entering into » minute cxaminf » tion of the alJeged / alsc entries in tne books , , were satisfied that there was sufficient errd ' ence to warrant tha
committal of the prisoner to taSe his trial ; hut it > ecamea question wirlv them whether , the offence bad been charged as a- ? 6 rgery at common low , and not n stafcutable offence , , they lm < 1 any jurisdiction 1 n the case . They wgi « therefore in grrat donBt as to whether they had any power to commit the prisoner for trial . Eventually , it was' agrerd to ; re-1 u "" d P ' soner "it " 'Uhnrsday nest , to inriDle the Bench mid the coimsef ' on each side to consult the cases which bear upon t ? ie point .
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. SlUMEPOL Gash op Neglttcx : — An inqiie&fc W-1 * Ix-ld b . y Mr . W . B ; , ker . thpnly-coroncr , on the body ot Mary Anno Elizabeth Cumminss . nged tHii-ty-six , who was alleged to have dietl ' in her accouchement from the want of medical assignee . The tandy had lieen disintereel for tho inquiry . Mary Carrisson , a married woma « , No . 3 , Lamb ' s court . Buniiill-row , said that the deceased occupied 3 'romii in her house , with hcrhnsband and family . East'Thursday week , about five in tire afternoon , witness ' s attention was called to the deceased .-who-was seized witn a hsemo'rhase . and who told witness tbnt she wanted medical advice . At feveti o ' clock her hustiand came in , who sent for medical advice . ¦ Ikcf-asod did not expect her confinement would bare'taken place for
aix " weeks JorStTt-o months . Charles Cummincs , thelinsbanrf . said thnt at seren o ' clock , on Ms return fip ' me his wife stated that slip was in a di \ neerftU 3 siW . ution , ami he . ' . mini immpdJ . itelyih Mr , Smifh , who lives in BiinWH-fnw , and who refused tn . nttend without an order . Witness remarked'thnt his wifewas fn a dancerons state , and that lie would see him paid if he wouM yi&it her , when he still refused . Witness then applied to Mr . Bush nnd' Mr . Blak « , the- relieving officers who reside in the City-road ,, neither of whom was . it home . He afterwards called nt the- 'workhorse , ami ashed if they would'send a chair for his' wife , whieft he was told con Id not hedone wfthont an order from the surgeon . lie again went , to Mi ' .-Blake who was still not nt home . Mrs .
Blake referred him to Mr . ShacUell . an overseer , but eonld not inform him where he Jivort . W itness went to the workhouse to inquire for his residence , when the porter told him that he dare not pive it . Witness next proceeded to Mr . Bnsftv who "a * out ; btit Mrs . Bush informed him where Rfr . Sliackell Hired , w ^ gave- witness a special order to Mr . Powell ! Th > J waa about nine o ' clock . Mr . Powpll h » w deceased near o . qtt . irt .-r to ten o ' eloek . Abnut half-pflSt ten or eleven o ' clock . Mr . Powell sot him to request Mr . Smith to aftond who came directly . Mr . J ! C . Powell . Chiswell-street , snnieon : He attended deceased in as short a time as pos ible . Tlie appear * ance of her roo- 'ii showed great poverty , and ' he ndvised her removal to the house : but he wnited ' to see ft he could do that with safety . She had been ? n a weak state , vrhich appparsd ! to witness to liaVd arisen from want of nourishment . He sent out for some milk and brantlv . a portion of which was
administered . About eleven o ' cTceU witncss-dbliyored her of a still-born child . He ' shortly after found , there was finneer , upon which ne sent tor Mr . Smith , who attended immediately . Witness remained with the deceased till she died . Death was the consequence of loss of blood , apu trhi < -h , in his opinion , would not have happened had the deceased previously bad proper nourishment . Witness was told that , for the last fire months she had been almost starved . Vc . d-cet— "That the cause of death arose from ex * ces . "jve haemorrhage ; but the jury exceedingly regret that the arrangements of the guardians seem not to have been provided for > uch urgent cases , as the husband could not obtain tlie required relief Without so long ; a delay , and they cannot separate without expressin ? their opinion that Mr . Smith : ought to have attended when fir > t applied to , even though the husband was not provided with an wder , having acknowledsed that the husband stated thft wifn was in labour . "
The Season and m Crops . —The cutting of all Uinda of grain became pretty general in South Lancashire last week ; and for tho fii's-t time since the dor summer of 1 S 26 . several enrn stneks Lave this yea , been built in the month of July . Thursday , Friday , nnd Saturday ( until about four in the afternoon ) were three ofthe most splendid harvest < lays evcrseeu in England , the snlav heat being nimnst tropical , notwithstanding a brisk wind . So drying was the weather during those days , that wheat a'hd'oats cut on Thursday mornine were sacked on Saturday afternoon . Abnutfour o ' clock on that day the clouds began to darken in the south , nnd at 5 a thunder stormf winch had been travelling northwards forsonio hours , burst forth with awful violence in all parts of Souta Lancashire . _ The rain fell heavily duriiiff thngreater part of the night , and though the early partof Sunday and Monday was ( air , the weather is not yet settle . ) n Sunday evenins the thunder "as even louder , the
liuhtninu more vivid , and the rain heavier than the niaht before . On Tuesday niuht we wore again visited with heavy rain after a day of oppressive closeness . We twist iliAt those great oommotions will be found to have restored the rqnilibrinm of the atmosphere , and to have restored weather favourable to the harvest . The grain , where uncut , is nmch . beaten down by the storma of Saturday and Sunday , and cannot remain Ions in its present state witkiafe sustaining injury , if the weather- should continue damp and close . Hitherto , however , it has sustained non « ; and , if the weather should improve , it will ba good in quality and abundant in quantity . As fat as we can learn , the disease in the pot . ato-cvop has not shown itself in South Lancashire to any extent , though symptoms have bren observed -in some fewgardens . The growth of turnips , aftergrass , and pastures , is wonderfully rapid at present , and the spring corn , where it is not ripe , is still improving . — Liverpool Times .
Conflagration is St . IvvrnKniNh ' s Dock . —On Monday night , between the hours of ten aud eleven , the utmost . alarm was created in the Ciiy and the eastern portion ofthe metropolis , hy a circulation of ii report that St . Katherino ' s Book had taken tire . The report was strengthened by In « e bodies of spnrks and flame mounting over the tall buildings , in tlie immediate vicinity ., f Her Majesty's Mint . It was very speedily ascertained , by tlie rinsing ot the dock fire-bell , anil the sounding of the g «> ng , that the report was but too true , Upon entering the principal Rate , it was found that a loni : building , three stories hi » b , soperiited only by ii narrow thoro" « hfarc , from the immense "F" warehou-e , was in a-blaze . Thisbuildins was used for the
cooporage , and was filled with hoops , staves , and other articles of ah ihikmnlftble chliniCtlT . WlllCD will readily account for the rapid progress of the fil' 0 . At first ihe greatest difficulty was , notwithstanding that the building was suvrounded hy the riwr Thames , experienced in obtaining an adequate supply of water to feed all the endues ' 1 he fi <« , thus unrestrained , continued to mount west fearfully , and it could be distinctly perceived from tho sovoial bridges . Water in copious streams was at lenuth obtained , which w « 8 seattei ' iul over the fifp . and tho comma 11 icatitfn with the several sun'minding w . ms » houses was cut off—a work of considerable troub'e . 'ho inmates ofthe houses in the snn-oimdius street *
bt'ina apprehensive that tbn contiguous warehouses would become ianited , awl sis a msittiT ofeoitain'Vi tlie flames would then have reached to tbeir own habitations , they forthwith emmeiiml to remove their furniture ' into the open street ? f » r protecti » n . Owini : to the immense quantity of w : \ iw lui ' . nvii from the land and floating enjriiH's . the h ' re » . i < tot down by twelve o ' clock , or a little afar . The whrne ofthe roof of tlie coo [ ieivt » e Is , Jjowever , b&rnt » lf ; the thml floor and il * eontunfs iiru di !> troy * d . tic : secont ? is partially eonswni'il , r > r . tl the veivauulor of thesame buililiinr is niost seriously injumi by lire . The exact amount of property dvstro \ cd ,. ' . r wlii'the * or not that portion of tho docks whs lKsutud , could tsot be ascertained .
Accident orv Noivrnvi . nvyi lions . — -A wjvtcrman ^ f Limehouse , Robert Wallis . Uy namojn charge of a boat belougtne : to Mr . William . * , < if t / imeliouse , «*» lost off Northtteet Hope , aud the lx « it sui k . ' . c put off to the Brodrene , Noilsen , fwn Gat ! tri > h itc to London , ami made fast nlons . sHV . The boat tilled with him oi \ board , aud sunk . vTvcry effort wn » "i ; lile to save the man by the inwv and p ilot »> f the Brodrene . . The Ekctuio Teu : giuv ! 1 . —Tlie Mnsmiwicrion between l ' wtMnottUv suut . 1 . ondou , Jiy cl < cine telo !
I'ranh is stopped for the present , the Iu : htoin « | IIV " - nVtaken such < ffoct upon the wires as t- > proc . uila tho possibility of working the telegraph . At tarnliani the shuck c « iinn .-
¦ _ ¦ • ¦ - Fonim Hittjliamtc* ^^^^^^' ~ ~ ~' ' ^^^^^^^^^^^-
¦ _ ¦ ¦ - fonim hittJliamtC * ^^^^^^ ' ~ ~ ~ ' ' ^^^^^^^^^^^ -
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( From the People ' s Journal of August 1 st . ) In our number of the 30 th of May we gave an account of an association , now in the course ef formation in Paris , jwnich earnestly engages the attention of all classes in that capital , and deserves the consideration of the working community at home . The professed object of the " jury for the . reward of workmen , " i 8 , by occasionally distributing rewards to the meritorious , to excite a spirit of emulation amongst them , and by so doing to better their condition . For this purpose the chief manufacturers of —^ - ^^^^—^^ - ^^ m ^^^^^—^ mm ^^ m ^^^^^^^—^——^^—^^—^^^^^^ m
Paris have united ; subscriptions have been received ; and the Due de Nemours , future regent , has accepted the office of president . Whatever novelty may exist in the nome , there is certainly none in this project of the society ; for it has been tried in England , and bas signally failed in contributing one iota to better " the condition of the labourer . And we are astonished , that a nation laying claim to the greatest originality of ideas shcmld voluntarily adopt an antiquated and exploded system from its rival ; but , on reflection , we were not so surprised that tho . manufacturers ( the Protectionists ) of France should adopt the same expedients with the same-ideas from their agricultural Protectionist brethren of England—the principles ef both being identical .
That the system adopted by the "jury" is useless we are convinced ; and we do contend that , so long as the workman or labourer is badly fed , clothed , housed , and educated , it is worse than mockery to offer him a mcd . il . And in this opinion wo do not stand alone ; we have the Times , and those most interested—the workmen themselves—to support us in the views we take of this system . The Times , speaking of the West Sussex Agricultural Association , says—We fear , hotverer , that there is too much hollownesa in the wards of encouragement addressed to them ( the labourers ) , and that the premiums arc toe nominal and contemptible t 9 have much influence in producing the desired effect . The distribution of a few bibles and prayer-books , and a few prize ? , varying from ten shillings to four pounds , will not compensate for a year ' s privation , caused by a rate of wages so miserable as to be wholly inadequate for comfort , and frequently insufficient for support .
What the Times says in respect to West Sussex labourers is equally applicable to Paris workmen ; for hear what they say themselves . In the Reforme we find a letter to the editor from | the brassfpunders , beflrin ? the signature of 200 workmen , with tlie following as an answer to the address of the "jury . " TVe will say . . . that our trade is the most un healthy in Paris—that from six in the morning till eight in the . evening we are confined in workshops four times too small , go that we are literally choked by the dash For four years have we asked our masters to shorten our time hj two hours , so that for two hours we might breathe the pure air . The smaller capitalists consented ; but the larger ones—the Icings of trade—were inexorable We were obliged to return , and labour fourteen hours n day , including meals .
Wherefore , sir . when the principal manufacturers will consent—1 st , To render the workshops healthy— 2 nd , To accord us two hours less labour per day—3 rd , To enforce the observance ofthe law relative to the employment of children ; then , and not till then , can we ventunto hope for an amelioration of eufcondition—an amelioration more substantial and beneficUl tban can possibly he achieved by the distribution of medals , which , in fact , will only produce trouble and division amongst us . from tne above it appears that the brassfounders of Paris clearly comprehend the uselessness of tin ' s system . It is evident they have no desire to accept the charity , of any one , or . that , they need incitement to make themselves comfortable . They ask for due reeard to their health , and two hours a day to
recruit their body and improve their mind ; a request which , while it proves the moderation of their spirit and the progress' of self-reliance amongst them shadows forth the advent of physical and moral independence , when , we would fain hope , labour shall possess its rights . We believe this association to be useless ; because it is not in accordance with the progressive spirit of the age , but on the contrary , a relapse into a system of almsgiving , and of dependance on the wealthy ; because , instead of addressing itself to the great question of our epoch— " the relationship between master and workmen "—It shirks it , ami adopts a puerile system of reward . The age requires ^ the working classes demand , not only the actual amelioration of their condition , but most emphatically that
¦ the relations between the employer and the employed be forthwith settled on a clearly definitive and mutually beneficial basis ; that it be clearly under stood to what per centage on the profit of his labour is the workman entitled .:. And the solution ^ of this problem—this settlement—is not to be obtained by the distribution of medals , nor even of pecuniary rewards . The whole of the community must be educated in the great and comprehensive principles of humanity : and for this time is necessary—the two hoars a . day for which , the working classes ask , and not gratuitous instruction , state grants , or subscription list , for which they do not ask . We know it will be urged in opposition that many workmen prefer to work the fourteen hours instead of twelve ; but why is this ? Experience and everyday life testifies that those are improvident for tlie future , and care not to husband their strength-for their old aee : that they fear the reduction of
oneseventh of their wages—consequently they would be accompanied by a reduction of one-seventh of their wages , — consequently they would be curtailed ol their drink , or any other degradmsrquais-pleastire they may revel in . Now , supposing this opinion to he universal , or even held by the majority ofthe working classes , which , fortunately , is not the case ) , would ii not be the duty of those who are looked Oil as superior in intellect as well as in pocket to explain away this folly—to prove , and it requires not much intellect for it , that the fag-end of a hard day ' s labour , when the labourer is exhausted , is like all other fag-ends , good for very little ? They shouM demonstrate to the incredulous for what the majority of workmen are convinced of , that even if they did suffer this diminution of wages ( which should not , nor would not be the case ) they would then be gainers , gainers in health , cultivation , and happiness of mind , and , finally , in pocket , by being able to attend to their own domestic affairs .
While we have unhesitatingly condemed tho folly of distributing medals to workmen who are "badly fed , clothed , housed , and educated , " instead of affording them time and faculties for improvement , we should be unjust to the " Jury of Reward" if we failed to notice , and to record oursympathy with and approbation of , one of their numerous suggestions . We allude to to the formation of a National Pension Fund for the support of invalid and veteran work , men . The project , as developed in the MoniUur Industriel , consists in uniting in one large club all the workmen and labourers in France , not excepting the women er children ; the workmen to elect from themselves a committee of direction whose chief business will be to collect the funds ( that is , two centimes—one-fifth of a penny—forcibly retained from U > e wages fifeverv member ) and in paying the pensions . The club is to be quite independent of the masters , and are to receive no alms , nor contributions from any but tbeir own members .
We confess we like tlie suggestion much . We admire the idea of the working classes uniting for so laudable a purpose , and supporting those who otherwise would be paupers . Thero is nothing degrading or humiliating in a veteran workman receiving pecuniary assistance from such a , fund—a fund towards which he has contributed , and the pension probably only the interest of his accumulated contributions . When this really reasonable and truly noble proposition is more fully developed , we will return to the subject with pleasure .
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Untitled Article
Agausfr 9 , v 1846 THE NpRXJffERIi STAR . v - ^ J 0 ^^^^^ ^ ^ - b 11 ^^ m———^« i ^^^^ i ^ Mj^——i ^ i _ .. "^ ' ** ¦ - •* '' > ' *; _ * - ¦ ' j — __ ^ ; Mi .-. ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦¦" ¦ ¦ ¦ " '
Russia.— Illustration Of Passive Obedience.—
Russia . — Illustration of Passive Obedience . —
The Licence Op Ins Bar.—In An Action Brought
The Licence op ins Bar . —In an action brought
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 8, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1378/page/7/
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