On this page
- Departments (3)
-
Text (8)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
#omgn iHobemcnt^
-
Ca'teial anli tfmmsn intelligence* *"*"*'^'**"!~'""*'~*v*1 **'*'^V 1 W\**i>»j»j*>WV» f t r s t f r * ' !¦! /¦• s t * • I , t J^ y
-
Untitled Article
-
dfortfgn HSfecriiaiip.
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
" Aaaiwillwar . at leastmirerds , ( Aid—slwuld my clmnce s * h . pprn—deede . ) With all Tfh » war trith Th . nght ! I thinit I hear a little bird , who sings B , Vpeopleb 7 andby niUbetheBtronR « . " -BTB 0 K IS FRANCE A NATION OR A DYNASTY ? The&ai- ^ &e . of the 4 th instant , published an article on the' Montpensier marriage , trem the pen of the celebrated poet and deputy , M . dk Lamartixe . " Do tre wish , " says M . de Lamartine , " to be a nation or *> we trisb to be a dynasty ! We would wiBb , at present , to explain as dearly as possible to onr readeri of toe Saone and Loire the question of elevated diplomacy Which is agitating the public mind—which is causing Cabinets to totter—which is inflaming the
journalswhich is dissolving , in feet , the English alliance—which is reviving the extinguished embers of factions in Spain —which is knnching a new Pretender amongst the Carlist mountains of the Peninsula , and which is reducing the value of 6 tock on die Bourse of Paris—that thermometer of European tempests—to an unusual price . This question appears trifling , because in appearance it regards the marriage of a youug Trince and a child . It is immense in reality , because it rereals an entire policy . AnltsJian poet of the middle age , who was at the same time ai statesman , imagined a strange and atrocious punishment . It was that of two men united by supernatural force in one body , possessing two natures and two contrary wills , contending with the same members in a perpetual straggle , condemned to endure fatally the
Interior and exteriorcombat of these two wills—to hate each other , to repel each other , and to approach eter--nally without having the power of ever agreeing or of separating . This punishment represents to •» with sufficient accHracy the intestine struggle which has continued since the revolution of July between the two spirits which are disputing for empire ia cur Government of two heads ; we allude to the dynastic spirit and to the national « put 4 , the Genius of the « ld Mouarchy and sf vonng Liberty . Such an image can never represent the mutual connexion between France and her dy . nasty . Tfee marriage of the Dake de Montpensier is , however , the symptom of a tendency to this struggle . LetHsjttage the feet . The journals of a dynastic shade who reduce ft e question to a question purely Ministerial .
whilst feey approve the marriage in the abstract , turn it as much as they can against the Ministry , and seek to blame the manner in whicfe this negotiation was condncteS . According to us , those journals are in error The negotiation , at first slow , secret , patient , then changing its nature at the proper moment , and becoming all = at once sudden , unexpected , violent , and providing , lifce a coup d' etat , is worthy of the genius of aMaehiavel ot of a Richelieu , if it be considered in the point « f view of the interest in which . it has been conceived . There is EOthing to be said against , or nothing to be blamed in . fee conduct of those who invented and perpetrated the conclusion of this affair , so mysterious and at the same time so theatrical . -Cardinal Mazarin coald -not have batter entangled or better unravelled the threads uhilst
concealing his hana . It is excellent Italian diplomacy . In this point of view th- conduct of the Freach cabinet is admirable . Let-as , therefore , be just to i : s adversaries , let us applaud when the act is well perforejsd . But let us examine it fterougbly , and see whether the nation ought to rejoice at fciU pretended triump h of its diplomacr in Spain . According to the European public law . the crowns of France and Spain oug ht to be separate . This is the entire spirit of the treaty « f SJtrecht , which terminated tire war of twelve years called the war of succession . This treaty defeated the entire policy of Louis XIV . lie haa expended his treaiures and the blood of Jrance in order that his grandson shuc ' id reign in Spain , in order that there should be no Pyrenees , and that the brow of a Sourbon might one day wear two crowns ,
likr-CharlesV . andhisson . The treaty -of Utrecht was an extraordinary and painful abdicati « n-of this ambition of the House-of Bourbon . It left , it is true , a Bourbon on the tbroBc of ^ pain , but on condition that Spain and France should renounce for ever the light of incorporating eact other into the same monarchy under one Itoj-aity . The Bourbons , therefore , gained something by the treaty or Utrecht , but France-nothing . The French monarchy w * s condemned not to possess Spain , except on theraradition of conquericg and defending her conquest against all Europe . But to have seen under Xapoleec , whose military genius -was fully equal to that of Xouts ^ ClV ,, how Spain is ccnquTed , and how it is preserved . This was diplomatically the state of affairs '
from 1713 , the date of ths treaties of Utrecht , nntaf ISid . the date of the Defce de Montpensier ' s marriage What signifies , therefore , this marriage , considered with respect to the family ! It signifies that n Prince of the House of Bourbon , of France , espomesa Princess of the House of Bourbon , of Spain ; in othsr words , that a cousin espouses a . cousin—neither more tor iessi a family affair , nsefd , -agreeable , and illustrieus « rbo : b sides , on which thetwo branches may consrelu-3 ate each other , and homwsr themselves for the purity Of : tfceir blood , but nothing more . Considered in a point of view of political erc-ntualities-and of the fusion of the-interests and the Crowns—of the war of succession—of the treaty of Utrecht—of the formal and reiterated
renimcia---iions—the marriage is perfectly indifferent to the tnc nations ; the Pyrenees subsist . But have w » the rigfctto -say that in a political poiot-of view this union , aud the ideas it rereals , are equally indifferent to France * » L « t t : as see . First , does France attach to it an ambitious -signification I and can she ^ flatter herself that one day the Spanish monarchy wlU fall into her hand by the right ' of a Prince of the dynasty of July , and as a jewel « f the dowryofthe Princess he weds ! If the France « S ? uly thought so , shetronld fcenas decrepit as the France of 1713 revived . She coum-not have assisted at her own - revolution , orshe mastiave assisted at it withoet having comprehended tfce -sense . The entire sense « f the revolution of ideas , of law , and of fact , which hare bein effected in Europe wHhia » a--century , may be comprised within those two lines . "" That nations are no tlonger
patrimonies or propertieswrSich follow their possessors , as a house or a field follows ihe civil proprietor ; ami that no Prince or no PriRcess-can bringas a ma rriagepcrtion , or bequeath as an Itherliacee , a people , —a nation , —an empire , or even a geographical parcel whatever « Ea province or a hamlet . " Man-has reconquered biniselt ; nations belong to themselvesdone . This is the entire revolution of ideas , of morals , of public law , as well as of modern diplomacy . " Snu . might produce to the Ciirtes of Spain , to the French -Chambers , or to an European * Congress , 100 . 000 articles of a-marriage contract or « f a will , which would settle or bequeath Spain as a dowry-or as an inheritance to France , and not one Spaniard -trould follow you . nor one iVenchtc « n draw a sword to defend his pretended shameful-light over the human species ,
and not a diplomatist would reply otherwise thsn by a smile of pity . We xre no longer in the period wlwuChiltp IV . placed a kingdoms in the apron of his daughter . TVhatsiytifiss . therefore , ; the marriage as regards the geographical and national aggrandizement of Frar . ce ! Xothing ; or , at must , an idee of auotber centuny displaced into the present -century . But , although this union cannot in realit ^ pr-odues any profitable eventuality , it may nevertheless become the pretext fcr a rivalry amongst Courts , ilt'is a subject of uaabrige between Cabinets , tad is an . uebrage which they will in erease designedly . That > is tbe evil . But , see what , perhaps , it signifies * s regards political influence . Kcre the question becomes store seriuts , and the mind rescmes all its gravity in couyderiujr it . And first , let us
under-- stand of what nature is the injustice to which we refer . ' -It is the influence of one family with another , of one -Court with another more closely connected by th * ce j unds of unions ? Is it of an influence of one nation with another uuited by common interest , by geographical ¦ anolojy , or by a consolidation of independence o ' liberty , and of similar institutions- ? If you speak of the -Court influence , no doubt the bringing nearer the two reigning families for s . moment ^ give some apparent intimacy to the policy of the two . Courts . Thtre may be between the palaces of Aranjuez and Xeuilly some correspondence and some reJttious which may permit some councils and even some ascendaucy c £ the Court of the TnM'ries over thit uqiiaarad . And remark , that we apeak here only of henourafele and legitimate influence God
such as might re exposed U the light of the sun . forbid that we should allude to those -secret intrigues , and-to those Tiberian mysteries of the palace , with which the British Ministerial press deSeS its pages a profoe of the Queen of Spaur ' s marriage—of this infamous calculation as to the weakness of a husband—of that psoi against the fruitfulu-cs of a wife and Queenof that , crime against jouth—of that saorcfrge against nature' We admit none such ; our opposition has no need of . calumny and dishonours not what it combats . The mere supposition of the esaaplicity of the Royal family \ £ Jrance with such abject intrigues . « sufficient to cause cs to repel such an hypothesis with disgust . If this family -is Koyal in France by the cminocee of its nature , it is particularly so by its family virtues and its
modesty , which the English journals accuse it of iiavmg ignomiaiously profaned at Madrid . W « speak , therefore , ouly of an h jcourable influence , and each assendaney as is permitted . Well , all that is entirely domestic , and produces no EEtional advantage . For trisat bearing -can family relations , or the relationship of Princes , have on the . conduct of a nation , or on ser > ous political transactions during die period in which we live ! Ask it of Marie Antoinette , the daughter aad the sister of an Emperor of Germany , dying on the scaffold in Paris svithout lhe empire stirring ia time to defend or avenge her ! Ask Sfaria Louisa , the daughter of an Emperor of Austria , dethroned by her own father ! Ask Caroline of JSaples , ¦ w bo made peace with tiie republic which retained Inn 3 i 3 tex in its dungeons ^ £ sk it of that family of Por tugal ,
wlittre the nncleand tijeaiete , the father and the sistw , the hr-sdiex-in-law and the sUier-in-luw , tear to pieces tfce threne and their honeor , » hilst tlicy are vaiting an OJiportuj-tiy to deprive tflch otlieT of life * Demand it of tiial / amilj- of Spain i'sclt which ^ during forty years has been destrajing the monarchy by ilz domestic s'rife . JJemand it of gH histories , and of ali periods , and of all crowned heads ! They will all reply by the spectacle of lLe vanity and ingratitude of blood . "Upon the throne , and about the tlirone , th ^ re are no relations , they are only princes . " That is tru ? . Why , therefore , do jou prctaii to attach fui-li a value to family connexion , of which history , Eur « i ^ . ^ a you «< If fcnow sn well the puerility ? Of two tilings , one ; this uiarnajjc is puJVJv domesticand in tad , case jou Blwujd not present itp the naiica as political , and make jtan set of the GovennneBt ; or this marriage is polittcaWsad implies a svstem , aa aili-
Untitled Article
anee , a national ambition for France , and in that case yon ought to submit It to the Chambers and consult the nation . Spain , One thousand times le s constitutional t ' lan you , did well , Are we descended lower in the scale of national governments than Spain ! Ah , no doubt more intimate relations with Spain , under every form , would and ought to be one of the elements of French ascendancy in the south of Europe ; but it was by the affinity of the two nations , by the fraternity of the two liberties , by the consolidation of their mutual independence , and of their two constitutions , that Franco ought to identify herself nationally , and not by the affinity of the two families . "Why , therefore , did you not do so when Spain in her extremity extended her arms towards France ! Was it that the eyes of the French Cabinet wtre not opened until the young Queen was marriageable , and that her sister , endowed with so many
expectations reached her 14 th year of lierage ? A singular coincidence that the existence of the Spanish monarchy is not perceived until it has a daughter to marry 1 Strange policy which abandons Spain ten years to her calamities , to her decomposition , to her deluge of civil blood , to her subordination to England , to the terrible oscillations which by turns overthrew the throne and liberty and that she suddenly claims her on the day when I know not what matrimonial eventuality begins to shine in a false light ! At this precise moment , the slumbering policy of the French Cabinet a « akes ; its councillors recover their audacity ; and their prudence deserts them J Sixtus Quintus never more resolutely threw away his crotches at the moment when he thought he might seize on the object of his ambition , than the Council of Ministers cast away the pen which signed , during fifteen years , so many acts of conaescension to England , and so many acts of deference to Europe .
Ilere M . de Lamartine proceeds to review the foreign policy of the French government during the last fifteen y ' ears . lie avows that he approves of all the acts of moderation of the French government except two : — ' The shameful and ruinous concealment of France in lS 39 andin lSlO . in the eastern question ; an . the non-intervention in Spain in 1836 tplS 39 when the counter-revolution , anarchy , and a military dictatorship were causing the destruction , under our hand , of the liberty of a nation , and the nationality of a people whom we are bound to assist . " He next and lau at the idea
returns to the main question ghs of an universal monarchy by marriage . "It is no longer a time for family compacts , it is a tune for compacts amongst nations . " De shows that France could not apprehend an English , Austrian , Prussian , or Russian marriage alliance with the Spanish throne : and that for her own interests France had besthavesupported the selection of soiae of those German non-entities [ like Queen Victoria ' s Prince Albert ] " who are destined to ascend thrones without reigning there . " He thus concludes : — !
To defend the ' eause of Spanish independence and prosper ity againit all the world and again- * ourselves—to defend and protect her constitutional liberty—to ally ourselves by ideas , by gratuituous services , by a conformity of maritime interests , by an armed patronage , and , if necessary , to marry thetwo nation * , and not thetno thrsnes—that would have been » grand policy , that would have been true diplomacy , that would have [ been the nuptual benediction of a common revolution and of an indivisible liberty ! We enter into quite another road . It will lead the country and the dynasty where God only knows . We have no pretensions to the sad gift of prophecy : we confine ourselves to conjecture . And , now , suppose that England , accustomed durin . fifteen years to so much obsequisness and humility from our Ministers . feels herself profouudly humiliated in a much more
important matter by a diplomatic legc-de-main , which between ourselves subj' -cts her rather to the ridicule of the observing European diplomatist's — suppose that the acerbity of herresentment is 'hatching in secret negotia . ttons , and is preparing reverpe in Spain and elsewbsra ; suppose that she effects the escape of a son of Don Carlos , and procures him a loan in LonHo * " » order to pay a fifth civil war in the Peninsula ; suppose that shepermits Espartero to return , like'Coriolanus . in the midst-fa mutinous soldierj ; suppose that the Gov . rnnrant of the Queen should m-. ike a further attack on the constitution and the revolution of Spain , and -declare against what has been ticcomplishe'l ; causing The Government in fact to be ceunter-revolutionary ; -suppose that this Government fall , and flies for -a third tame , and summons ycu in the name of your marriage , of
yanr family intimacy , of your honour , and yourpreten-¦ iionto the throne , to-support and restore it at Madrid suppose that Austria and Russia maintain Son Carlos there ; suppose that ? Eugland supports the Radical , suppose that the nation abhors the Queen and those who surround her , suppose that Europe defies you to interfere amid such confusion , and makes your intervention a tasus belli , what will you do ? Will you not go ! You < hall act as cowards , and be dishonoured 3 ^ ill yon go ? Ton will so , in the name and with the « rms of revolutionary France , to restore absolute power!—the Government of the courtier and the priest , and die counter revolution in Spain . Shall you triumph ? ^ Tour triumph would be a contradiction of jour nature and of your principles , and will convert you into the maintainers of the old STStem , and the alguazils of the Spanish monarchy .
Sha 11 youftir ? You will have expended your gold , and ¦ thed the blood of the French nation , to maintain the consequences of a purely private interest . The family on the throne will have carried with it the nation , without its knowledge ar : < l against it « will , into its ccuscs , its liumliation , and its disaster . This is exactly what we dread in this affair ,-a family war , imposed upon-a'nationby a marriage of private convenience , —a war of succession without the possibility of the advantage of "the succession—a dowry of-Eoropean mistrust and ji-alonsy ! The peace and existing alliances of the country sacrificed to a posthumous dream of 1713 ; the ascendency of the worn out House of Bourbon substituting itself , in imagination , for the pernnnentascendency ef France imperishable and revived by its « volution . 'Andtfwe regarded theothei-points-vf European policv in'Zorope and in Asia , how many other
complications would we not discover , where the'coacealed hand of England may envenom the spirit of Cabinets against the ambitious nepotism of the French Cabinet . and change the congratulations of the Tuileries into-bitterness , conflicts , and blood ? Koyer Collard , of sagacious memory , observed 20 years sicce , that" democracy is overflowing . " Is it necessary tcbe « osagaciou 6 , to exclaim at present , when wesee what is passing , at home—abroad—itrtlieCouncil—in the Chambers , ^ In the Cabinets , and amongst the diplomatists of France , " the spirit of the dynasty is carrying us with it ! " " ^ The nation abdicates , enjwgcs itself and loses itself , with-its liberty and its policy , in an interest ill understood , and in a narrow and false family policy ! What conclusion do we draw from this ?—that the nation and the dynasty are radically incompatible ? that we tnnst separate them with violence -one from the other , if
we do not-wish that one should absorb the other , and that both should perish smothered in a mortal embrace ? Ko ! wearemware of the extreme difficulty , but we do not declare the sinister impossibilities-of-the co-existence of the hereditary monarchy with the sovereign nationality , and with the national poliey-cf France . But if this co-eKistence , which the revolution of July resolved to try once more , is possible in efiect ,-as-we expect it is , for the repese- of nations , it is possible-. ciily on one condition , which ¦ is , that the family and -dynastic spirit should vai ! i « lr . £ n < l disappear completely -in i . resence of the national sfirit and interests tTOv . T . dd -by the revolution ; or thattie national spirit and interests should vanish , disappear , and become subordinate to family ideas and ambition ; there will otherwise be no peace .
But for who are you in this affair , as « ve 31- £ S in all other affairs which iTeqard Francu ! And which of the two interests do-ycewish to see sacrificed ? Is it that of France ? -Vo vou congratulate -the -Cabinet of the Tuileries on having married the sew ; -of the , \ Sing ? Is it that of the dyn « sty ? lie afflicted , then , acd be uneasy with us . TheCcbinet of the Tuiteries has abandoned the alliances oFthe revolution—engaged iFrar . ce—risked peace—sowed rivalries—encouraged civil war in Spaincollected clouds on the Continent—darkened « he future prospect—drawn-the diplomatic sword—nct / c ? a cause , but for a dowry of difficulties . This dowry . aviM press as heavily on the C -binet of the Tuileries as on the country , and the entire affair is characterized by us in-two words an unfortunate-temerity and a giddy dtceptisa .
Untitled Article
SWITZERLAND-INSURRECTION - JSS ^ GENEVA . The Council of State of the Canton of "Geneva having had to pronerace for or against the discoluticn of the seren Catholic cantons voted againstthat league , but in making reservations and stipulating certain conditions , ceEsidered by it as a guarantee for ike maintenance of peace . The vote e-xeited a strong discontent amoKgst the movement party , and popular meeting were caavoked to protest against it Proclaeations were even published , calling the peopue to arms , and animated groups began to circulate m the quarter St . Gervais . A first assembly was held on Saturday , the 3 rd inst , in the Place du Temple , and five hundred citizens pretested against the decision of tie Grand CouncU . They convoked the people to a meeting for the next day , and it took place in the church of St . Gervais , 2 , 000 persons jeino prasant . M . James Fazy read a protest against the deci > ion of the Grand Council , bv which the vote j
is declared unconstitutional , and as such not binding and null until tiie Confederation on Us constitutional value This was adopted by a show of hands , and M . James Fazy himself designated twenty-five . persons to form ' part of a constitutional committee ckar-cd to make direct representations to tlie Vorort . The agitations having assumed a very grsu-e appearance , the partisans of the sovernnient placed themselves on . Monday at its orders , but at the same hour a fourth popular meeting tooK place in the Protestant church of St . Gervais . It presented £ more violent aspect than the preceding ones . M . James Fazy was of opinion to delay , sayiu " , ' that the moment for acting w « s not yet come . 13 iitonthe proposition of M . Samuel Muller , the meeting resolved whh cries of liberty or death ! to place on foot 3 fo » armed men to act during the night as the giwnl of tfce Faubourg . On its side the government did not remain inactive , as the council ot state ordered that iive companies of the city and one of the country should be called out . The National
says—We learn from a certain source that after the meeting « . f St . G . rvaiF , the people raised a cry of— "To a ^ nis , " —and immediately afterwards barricades were ibrmes on bridges of the Rhone . The government « i » hed " , in - the first instance , to negociate . but the concession ?'
Untitled Article
Which it proposed being illusory , they were not accented , and the militia was convoked . Soon afterwards artillery was brought to the Place du Bel Air , find at two o ' clock , on t * ie 7 th , the government summoned the insurgents to surrender , and the troops commenced the attack . ^ Pour pieces of cannon were directed against the barricades , but the insurgents replied by a sharp and well-sustained 6 re of musketry from every point of the Quai du Rhone . The combat was continuing with great ardour when these details were sent oft ' . SANGUINARY COMBAT-VICTORY OF TIIE
. REVOLUTIONISTS . The publication of the Radical protest paralysed the Conservatives , and to arrest its progress the Government determined to lay hands upon the printers and to confiscate the presses . Ali parties whose signatures were appended to this decument , and who were regarded as consp irators , were to be arrested and imprisoned . This extraordinary proceedin" and arbitrary exercise of power , provoked the revolt which broke out on the night of the 6 th . Geneva may be said to be composed of a population which may be divided into three parts . The upper town , which is inhabited chiefly by the higher classes ; the lower town , where resides the commercial community , and along which rnns the left bank of the Rhone ; and beyond the bridges the Faubourg St . Gervais , inhabited by the bulk of the working classes . -
It was on the niptt of the 6 th that the operatives rose en masse , and established barricadoRS on the bridges , and on the 7 th the militia attempted to carry them . After about two hundred cannon shot-, and a most determined resistance , the barriciiflYs were destroyed . The insunrents , howevpr , entrenched themselves in the Faubourg , and , although the militia had been successful in the first instance , it was no easy matter to occupy that point . The militia made the attempt on two points , but no sooner was that force perceived at the entrance of the Faubourg than a deadly fire was commence ! from the windows and from the tops of the houses , which were literally crowded with people . The militia fought resolutely , but as the chiefs who had led the attack were wounded , and some of tiicm mortally , Jno alternative was left but to - retreat and recross the ^ bridges . The militia , however , retained possession of the lower town , the . insurrection bcinc concentrated ; in the Faubourg .
In the night of the 7 th the insurgents set fire to the bridges , and as the population of the lower town was then increased , it ro'e in its turn . The auxiliarv force of the canton of Vaud , compo 3 ed of Liberals , which arrived about this time , and in great numbers , then lent its aid to the insurrection , and as the militia was threatened on all sides , it surrendered and abandoned the contest . The crowning effort of the day was the resignation of the Council of State , which event was followed by the occupation of the arsenal and all public establishments by the insurgents . The following ' etter , describing the progress of the revolution at Geneva , is published in Galignani ' s Messenger : — Hotel des Bergues , Geneva . October 8 .
Having been an eye-witness of the recent outbreak at Geneva , and learning that many exaggerated reports had been circulated regarding it . I send you an account of the circumstances . In consequence of a dispute between the Government and the people , of the merits of which I , as a stranger , do not pretend to form any opinion , the latter determined to maintain what they conceived to bfi their rights . They accordingly seized the gates , and took possession of the four bridges across the Rhone , which they strongly barricaiied , in order to cut off the communication between the two quarters of the town . All attempts at an accommodation having failed , the fighting commenced yesterday , the 7 th , towards three o ' clock , simultaneously at the Porte Cordavin , on the Place du Bel Air . which commands one of the bridges :
and , finally , at the bridge facing the Hotel des Bergues , where two diligences , forming a barricade , were set on fire nnd destroyed . The cannonading at the . « e several points continued till to wards evening , but without producing any decisive result . Last night the'four bridpes werr partially set on fire , and were still burning this mornine , but , owing probably to a heavy rain , without sustaining any very considerable dam ago . A train , how . ever , had been laid on each , which it was intended to blow up in case the passage should be attempted . In fact things wore a sufficiently formidable aspect this morning , for we were virtually in a state of siege , and had not thetJovernment not felt themselvts obliged to yield , they had decided on firing thisquarter of the town , and God oniy knows what would have been the result . In anticipation of such an occurrence most of the strangers left the town , which they were permitted to do
wfth as much baggage as they could carry . I and my family , together with the undersigned ,-remained , and we unite in bearing testimony , not only "to the irreproachable conduct of the people , who throughout manifested the utmofitforbearance and consideration both for person and property , but also to the extreme civility and attention we foave experienced in this bate ! , where the propriet r himself has been the most actively zealous in procuring permits nf departure for those who chose to avail themselves of them : The report of the killed and wounded is so various that it is impossible at present to form a-eorrect estimate of it . Wehavehad one or two narrow escapes here . One ball-pierced the shutter room on the'ground floor , destroying a -valuable mirror , and penetrating through an adjoining wall into the room beyonfi . Tranquillity is at present completely restored , and all further apprehension at an end .
FORMATION OF A PROVISIONAL GOVERN-. MENT . Onthe 10 th the peace of ihe city was no longer disfatiied , and business had been pretty cenerally resumeH . A supplement of the 'Revud de Geneve ol the 10 th contains the following announcement : — This morning , at ten o ' cledk , the people of Geneva metin general council , and voted unanimously the following decree : — " The grand council is dissolved . The resignation of the Council of State is accepted . A provisional government , composeiiof ten members , shall be immediately elected by the general council . A new gratni council is convoked for the 25 th instant . The number of deputies is reduced by one half . The
electoral colleges of arrondissement are reduced to three —viz ., one for the city , one for the communes of the left bank of the Lake and of the Tvhone ; and one for tboso of the right bank . The constituent Is conferred on this grand council to prepare a revision of the constitution , to be submitted to the votes-of the people . The paid guard shall be disbanded . Ailtlic damage done in the affairs of the 7 th shall be charged to the Council of State which has resigned , and the oiKcer who commanded in chief the armed force of the Government . " After voting this - 'decree the following -persons were unanimously elected for the provisional government : —James Fncy , Louis ' -Fvilliett , Leonard Gentin , Eorder , Frangois Jaitin , Bitftbsoar Decrer , Castoldi , Pons . 'Moulinie , Feutanel .
The'Provisional Government issued the following proclamation : — Tellcw citizens , —In the ir . idstof the most difficult : ciroumsttinees , we accept , from devatedncss to our country , the task of assuming provisienally the views of Government . With the co-operation of all the citizens , we can accomplish everything for the Maintenance of order and public peace ; without it we-can do nothing . Fcltow-eiiizeBS , of every opinion , T&liyround us for the interest of ali . Our charge , which > is purely provHoirai , eraenatesirom a council ireneral ofi . eitizenR , assembled '
to-day in-the Place du Jlolarfl . ' Constituting ourselves , in eorisequonce a provisional council , < wc maintain in tne urafiting stote the authorities and administrations . We render-oaeh responsible , as far -as it is concerned , for "the maintenance of public -order , end the complete execution-of the orders which shall- "be given to them . We conjure-cil citizens to maintain by their energetic coopcratinu -public peace , and thus -. prevent calamities whi « 3 i would : press upon all . 'F . cllow . citizens , of al ! part £ es , 'haro < : onBdcncc in us , and w * it ; patiently the result of-our deliberations , which -shall be earried on as promsily . as ; possible .
Untitled Article
THE WAR IN KAFFIBLANR , The Cape of Good Hope papers to the 6 . 1 k of August , give much nssre satisfactory accounts of the jregress of the British troops in the Kaffir country than those previously received . The following official despatch from Cotoni-1 A . Somerset , describes a smart successful-conflict with the Kafirs across the Kye river , in which fortv of the enemy were Milled , and about 5 , 000 head . of cattle were captured . The troops under the command of Colonel Hare . ind of Sir Andreas Stockenstrom , are also stated , by accounts in the Graham ' s Town papers , to have heen successful in their operations in the Amatola mountains , but no official despatches are published of their successes , and a fresh attack-was expected to be made at the time the latest accounts were transmitted : —
( From the Graltam ' s Town Journal of Aug . 1 . ) Camp , on the Memichie , July 24 . Sir , — Ifaring proceeded , agreeably to tho Com . mander-in-Chief s instructions , with the several detach-, merits of the division under my command on tho afternoon of the 17 tU inst ., in pursuit of tbe Kaffirs , I have the honour to acquaint you , for liis Excellency's information , that I camu up with the rear of the enemy's cattle late in the afternoon of the 18 th inst ., going oft' in all baste along the Genoubie Heights . Feeling satisfied that tlietc cattle were those belonging to Unihala ' s tribe , I did not pursue them , being determined not to allow nny
thing to divert me from my object in following up lato ; I , therefore , continued my march to the lower posses of the Kye River . Detaching Captain Size ' s battalion by a lower route along the coast I pursued them to the Kye River , where they had crossed the cattle late on the l'Jth inst ,, and wheie I arrived late on the afternoon of the 20 th . Having received information that the enemy had passed over with all their cattle to the east bank of the Kye Hiver , I moved the troops up on tho morning of the ilistinst ., when 1 observed large herds of cattle on the heights pp the opposite bank . The enemy having posted strong piqueU , both mounted and dismounted , at several npiuts , 1 immediately mude the necessary dispositions
Untitled Article
for orossing the river . In the course of the morning , I was joined by Captain Size's battalion , who had captured 270 head of cattle and taken four prisoners . Having placed the guns under Captain Bnrnaby in position SO ae to cover tho movements , I directed the Fort Peddie FinRoes , under Mr . Sheprtone , to more down the bank of the river to the ford . Tha Burgher forces , under Commandments Linde and Muller , having also moved down to the ford , Cnptain Napier , with Captain Donovan ' s squadron of Cape Mounted Rifles , moved in suppert .
TheBe arrangements being effected , I directed the whole of these troops to cross . The movements were effected in the most spirited manner by the whole of the force , employed . In consequence of the impoverished state of Unhorses , the Burgher forces were obliged to move on foot . Observing , also , large droves of cattle passing along the lower banks of the river , I moved two companies of Captain Size ' s battalion down tho bank of the river to th .-southward , directing Captain Melville ' s company to proceed up the river and enter a large kloof on the opposite tide .
As tbe Fingoes advanced , I observed the piquets and detachments of the enemy retiring and proceeding to . wards the large bodies of the cattle on the heights . The troops continued to push on , attacking the Kaffirs wherever they found them , and I had the satisfaction , in a very short time of observing the several detachments acting against the enemy , returning in possession of large drov .-s of cattle belonging to the chief Fato . A body of Commandant Linde ' s Burghers , und . r Captain Groemvaldt , were sharply engaged with the enemy , and their spirited leader was unfortunately wounded by u musket ball through the arm . The enemy seeing themselves hard pressed , drove the cattle into several deep kloofs , Jvhore they were followed by the Fingoes und r Mr . Shepstone , who with his men were twice surrounded by the enemy ; each time they disengaged themselves in the most spirited manner , and secured large num . of cattle . Captain Donovan ' s squadron marched on in support , und secured a drove of about 500 head of cattle .
The detached companies of Captain Size ' s battalion , who had entered the deep kloofs below the ford , succeeded in capturing a drove of 1 , 500 head of cattle , which they seiztd from the enemy . I had directed tho whole of the troops to return across the river before nightfall , and by five p . m . I had the satisfaction of seeing the whole of the troops ( with the exception of Captain Melville ' s company , which bau crossed higher up the river ) returning in possession of large droves of cattle , I took the necessary precaution of sending a supporting force of the Cape Mounted Rifles
down to the ford to assist in crossing with the cattle , and by » ix p . m ., I had the whole of the captured cattle , about 4 , 000 heai , safe in my camp , Earlj on the following morning I detached 100 mcu of Captain Size ' s battalion to the ford in smpport of Captain Melville , whom I had observed spiritedly engaged with the enemy , and in possession of about 1 , 000 Head of cattle and a few horses . Captain Melville joined me with the cattie , about ten a . m ., and baring been the whole morninp-engaged with tht enemy , who continued to fire upon his people , although I was on the bank of tbe river with a large force in
support . I decided to avail myself of the service of the prisoners to communicate with Creli and Pa to , the prisoners hav . ing acquainted me that ratoand . Umhula had ouly thtee days previously received from Creli his permission for crossing with their cattle over the Kye . I therefore in the presence of the troops sent to each chief a messagito the following purpurt : —Acquaint Pato and Umhala that I have seized these cattle for the use of the troops ; that I shall take these cattle to the governor , and I shall then return . I shall then attack them , and give no rest to them or their cuttle . That I this day take this ( . 'round , which 1 have driven them out of , for tho governor ; thnt I shall fire three shots this morning , one for Creli , one for Umhala , and one for Pato , which is to be a warning
to them ; that I shall return and demand satisfaction for their uncalled-for attack en the colony . Acquaint Creli that I have followed Pato to the Kye ; that I found he has given Pato , the great enemy of the colony , place for his cattle in his country ; that I fire this gun to tell him that the governor will call upon him to answer for his conduct . ' Having despatched ths messengers , and fired three guns at twelve o ' clock ( midday ) , I commenced my return to the Buffalo river , with 5 , 000 head of the enemy ' s cattle . I returned with the treops along the main ridge that intevaectedthe Kye and Genouhiaviveis . I observed on the line of march that the Kaffirs occupying that part of
the country were not at all aware of my movements , as I saw numerous bodies of the Kaffirs in the neighbourhood of all the kraals , which had evidently bv-en very recently abandoned . These Kaffirs followed up my rear , endeavoured to disturb my encampment each night , by firing shots at the picquets and into the camp , in order to get off the cattle , but without 9 ucc « ss . Had it not been for the weak state of the horses , I should have made a severe example of those Kaffirs . I regret to add , that I was obliged to destroy one hundred horses of the Burgher force . and upwards of thirty horses of the Cnpe Mounted Rifles , as from the harassing nature of the duty they were quite unable to meve forward .
I have to express my obligations ? nd thanks to the officers commanding corps anrt Burgher forees for the assistance afforded me in the execution of this service , and to all officers and troops for their steady conduct under great fatigue , in the arduous service of conducting 6 , 000 heafi of cattle through the enemy's country , : ind guarding them each night against the attack of a wily enemy , who by setting fire to the grass , and closely pressing my flanks and rear , lost no opportunity of harassing my march , in ori ) er to get off the cattle . Tbe loss sustained has been slight , Field Captain Groanwaldt of the Swellendam Burghers wounded , whose spirited conduct I beg to bring under his Excellency ' * notice ; one Fingoe killed in the Kye , and one Fingoe -wounded in the line of mtrch .
About forty of the enemy were wounded in the several skirmishes , many more smay have fallen ia the bush , but it was not possible to ascertain an exact account . The troops and burghers , togethtr with the Fingoes , conducted themselves to my entire satisfaction . I have , . fee ., ( Signed ) II . Somerset , Col . Commanding 2 nd Division . Lieut .-Col . Cloete , i » c . Cha « , Lennox Tmtland , Capt . Sren . Guards , Assist . Military Sec . ( From tbe Graham ' s Town Journal of August +. ) Information has this moment been received from Fort Beaufort , briefly detailing the operations of the troops under the command of Col . Hare and Sir A . Strocken . gtrom , in the Amatola'mountains , tbe substance of which is contained in the-following extract : —
Last Wednesday the . Kaffirs attacked Colonel Hare ' s camp under the Amatola , and I regret to-sey that a ser-. geant of the Royal -Suppers and Miners , earned Barnes , was killed , also the sergeant major of the provisional company , recently-commanded by Captain tLoxton , and one Fiugoe . Themoment this attack was made a tremendous fire- was opened in the direction whence the Kafiirs had fired , and which was continued sometime . iEight or nine of our -men ( coloured ) were wounded in this night attack , but the loss sustained by the enemy has not been ascertained , thought it is thought many must hare been e-ither&illcd or wounuea . Before sunrise the next morning . ( Thursday ) the principal part of this division ( Colonel Hare's ) and also of Sir Andreas Stockenstrom , were -under arms and in motion , the
coloured companies entering the bush with the greatest alacrity and determination . The Fingoes . especially are s / K > Iien of as fighting with so much resolution that their conduct excited tbe i special notice and admiration of Col . Hare , who repeatedly cheered them on to tbe attack , Thei-Kaffirs were in several divisions , and , it is said , disp layed considerable tactiin their movements , and were not wanting in courage . The fight continued amongst the&lsofs and mountains during thu whole of Thursday , the'troops not returning to their encampment until after sunset . It is conjectured—though of course from the iver . y . uisture of the locality it , can only be conjecture—that not . less than one hundred Kaffirs fell in those ongagements . jjrrespective of a great many wounded . Two prisoners wera taken , and who . iit is affirmed , have , given
iraportantiiaformation respecting their ponder magazine in lihe Anifitol . t . During these actions blue lights . tnu \ rockets were thrown up at intervals as signals to the iiead quarters division , but -no answering signal was seen , nor . could it be asocrtai&ed where this division actually » vas . The folloiving-. dayall was preparatory for a sacond engagement , but on making . a reconnaissance it was found that during tiie -night the enemy bad given ; our troops : the slip , and had -retired towards the poortfl of ' the Buftalo ,-their favourite haunts . The crest of the ; mountain -is , now perfectly eJearof the enemy , and not ' as it has usually been seen , linod-. tw , th men daring the troops « o come / forwa rd . Colonel Hare has now moved to Fort Ces , whetehe will for the present establish his ' heart-quarters ,. acd wlierc ho . it to be joined by Sir A .
StockemSraUi , by another route , the same evening . A brief report has . come in of tho mowmonts of the latter officer , and who uppers to have entered sonic of the most difficult passes in these mountain ranges . In approaching or passing through one of these , a fise was opened upon his men from a commanding rocky eminence . Upon this an order uas issued to a detachment of the Ilottcfltot levy to storm and dislodge the enemy from this point , when so eager where the Fingoes for tbe fight , that , oa hearing this order , they , without waiting for coromaad , rushed forward , clambering tha rocky und Btoep height *; in luce of the enemy ' s fire , and by which , I regret to say , six of these brave fellows were shot dead , and threu wounded . The enemy were , however , speedily driven from the fastness , with the loss of 0 !) killed and mnny wounded .
POSTSCRIPT . Saturday , Three p . m . —The post from Fort Beaufort has ju 6 t arrived . The information from this point is comprised in the following postscript : — Port Beaufort , July 30 , No junction yet between the Oovernor and Lienianant Governor . The great attack was to have been made this morning on the Chinnie IIokIi , but no firing heard all day . Tbe impression here is , that the enemy will slip into the Winterberg and Baviaan ' s River , and that the groat body of them have fallen back into Tainbookielnnd .
NEW ZEALAND . New Ze « aland papers have been received up to the 23 rd of May . An attack had been made upon a picquetof tho 58 th Regiment , by a considerable body of natives , in which six soldiers were killed and several wounded .
Untitled Article
FRANCE . " ~~~ The Courtier Francais says : — " General de Fitte , Inspector of Marines , haa just received a letter written to him at Tahiti , by an officer of his own corpse , according to which our troops in the island experienced a check in a conflict with the natives on the 30 th of May . It is added that Chef de BataillondcBreat , of the Marines , and Lieutenant Malraanche , of the navy , and about thirty men , were killed . "
SPAIN . On the 6 th inst ., the French princes entered Madrid . As their coming had been anticipated , the requisite preparations for their reception had of course been made . The whole of the troops in t ; airison were drawn up in line , which extended from the Palace through the Calle Mayor . Fuerty del Sol , Calle de laMontera , and Calle de Fuenearral , to the gate of Bilbao , and the artillery was stationed outside the gate on the French road . The cuirassiers were drawn up in the Puerta del Sol . The Dukes of Aiimale and Montpensier entered on horseback , dressed in French military uniforms , and wearing the grand cross of the Legion of Honour . They are both good-looking yorngmen , and the Duke of montpensier in particular , but without any very
distinguished air ; they bowed and took off their hats every few seconds to the crowd , which was far from numerous outside the gate of Bilbay , and which made no demonstration o f feeling of any kind , nor was a single hat taken off to them . The Vrinces were very coldly received at Burgos , where the corporation positively refused to sanction any fetes , or to eo to any expence in honour of the French princes , and the members have all been placed under arrest , in consequence of their obstinacy . The Glamor Publico Eco del Comercio and Espectador were seized on the 6 th , and on the 7 th . the Espanol , Xuevo Especlador , Espectador , and Eco del Comercio were seized fur having stated that the French princes were not received with enthusiasm . A number of suspccteil officers were arrested on the night of the 5 tk ; other arreststook place on ihe night of the Cth .
More than 200 persons were arrested on the eve ning of the 7 th inst . The Eco of the 8 th was seized , and has annoum-ed in a circular that another fine o 40 , 000 reals ( £ 400 ) has been inflicted upon it . The Espanol of the 8 th was also seized . A person had been arrested on the charge of meditating the assassination of the Duke of Montpunsier . A telegraphic despatch received by the French Government on Monday announcos that the marriages of the Queen to Dun Francisco D'Assis and the Infanta to the Duke de Montpensier , were solemnised on the evening of the 10 th . There was a grand mass performed on the morning of the 11 th .
ITALY . Letters from Bologna of the 30 th ult . state that the Austrians had of late considerably reinforced thr garrisons of Ferrara and Cnmachio , and that the Commander-in-Chief of the army of Lombardy had repaired in person to Ferrara and ordered various works of defence to be erected round the citadel . The old Papal party was making common cause with Austria , but it met with little sympathy from the people , and only retained influence in the Government . The press was becoming daily more free in
the Roman dominions . Many publications had recently appeared at Bologna , in which the reforms required by the country were ducussed with complete independence . The Feltineo , a journal of that city , was prohibited in the Austrian provinces . A report prevailed at Bologna that the Secretary of State , Cardinal Gizzi , having experienced a strong opposition to his measures of reform in the last Consistory , had tendered his resignation ; but that , after an interview of an honr with the Pope , he had consented t » withdraw it .
Letters from Rome of the 28 th ultimo mentim that Cardinal Amat was to be appointed legate of Bologna , and Card ' nal Altieri legate of Ravenna . The Pope had granted to M . Jackson and Co ., the concession ef a railroad from Bologna to Rome and Civita Vecchia . The enthusiasm in favour of the Pope continued unabated throughout the Pontifical dominions . At Perugia , a banquet took place on the 20 th in the avenue of the villa of Count Dandini , at which 1 , 500 persons were present . Among the guests were several who had repaired thither from Gubbioand Foligno , ' preceded by bands of music , and with banners unfurled on which was written " Spcranm , " or hope . The banqueting tent was decorated with flags bearing the same inscription . A similar feast in honour of Pius IX . had been given at Fermo , at which 300 inhabitants of Macerate assisted .
GREECE . It is not M . Coletti's fault if anything short of a reisn of terror exists at present in Greece . He has boldly set that constitution , which he solemnly swore to uphold , at defiance . He chooses to govern the country after tbe fashion of his old master , Ali Pacha of Janina , hy brute force , employing for that purpose hordes of the Albanian Palicari . He permits , if he does not actually order , the most horrible tortures to be inflicted by subordinate Government oflicers , in cases where individuals have made themselves obnoxious to him . He clearly encourages brigandage , which may be said to have now become an organised system , not only in the provinces , but in the very environs of the capital , so that personal
security is at an end . Assassinations also are constantly occurring in Athens itself and other ports , w : thout any decisive efforts being made hy the Government to arrest and bring the delinquents tn justice . On the contrary , pardons are granted by M . Coletti to the most notorious offenders , provided only that they promise for the future to support his views , Greek pirates infect the Archipelago and the shores of Greece , without any steps beins taken by M . Cplctti to put them down by sending against them suitable small craft , so that they exercise with perfect impunity their robberies and outrages , as they manage to keep out of the way of such Enelish
vessels of war as may be in search of them . The most barefaced peculation , or rather wholesale plunder , is continually going on among those who knve the fingering of the public revenues , without any sincere attempt being made by M . Coletti to put n stop to the same . An enormous item in tke annual disbursements is that for a standing army , which in the present position of Greece is not at all required . Another heavy charge is for pensions and retired allowances , chiefly to the adherents of M Coletti's peculiar system . No wonder , therefore , that the Treasury is constantly empty , and that on more than one occasion of late M . Coletti has been indebted to the opportune pecuniary assistance of France to prevent a financial crisis .
TURKEY . The last accounts from Kurdistan bring intelligence that the insurgents ' of Ravendoux have been completely defeated by the Turkish troops . The town of Ilavendoux was taken after several ineffectual attacks , and four hundred prisoners have been sent to Constantinople , llissoul Pacha , who comniantleil the insurgents , has succeeded , however , in effecting Ills o-cape . At Constantinople , a prisoner , of the name of Ilohnncs Koseycn , a subject of the Porte , has been kidnapped and sent on board an Austrian vessel , that he might be conveyed to Trieste , and thence to Rome , on the pretext , that be was an Austrian subject , suspected o ! ' holding religious opinions at variance with those of the Church to which he ostensibly belongs . He is b ) profession an Armenian , Jjut is suspected of Protestant leaning , lie effected his-escape at Smyrna , and has since been protected by the English consul there .
EGYPT . Alexandria , Sept . 29 th . —Great curiosity is felt at present respecting the proceedings of the approaching Mejelis , or convention of the chiefs of ' provinces and districts , shortly to be held here . The great object of the Paeha is of course to procure moneys both to pay the expenses of the journey to Constantinople , and to carry on the expensive works now in progress . A circumstance has lately happened highly significative of the course of policy about to be pursued by his Highness . Some years ago Abderrahman Bey was governor of the Sherkieh , a rather turbnlent provinces . In repressing realjor fancied disorders he exhibited the most atrocious cruelty . He scarcel y
ever thought of inquiring into the actual guilt of the nien he enndemued ; the necessity of an example justified everything in his eyes . Sometimes lie ordered a man ' s teeth to be knocked out ; sometimes ho would cause the tongues of two or three evil speakers to be pulled out . Real or suspected pilferers were blown fmni ' the mouths of guns , or impaled or banged . The sheikh of a village whn had ' omitted to pay his contribution was placed between two planks , and sawed in two alive lengthways . Such was the terror inspired by this monster , that the population in a few months dwindled by emigration from a hundred thousand ; to one fifth : " and yet he
insisted on receiving the same iwenue as before Exasperated beyond all bearing , tlie peoi > le at length complained in a body ; the Pacha appointed a commission to try the offender ; he was , from political motives , fosind guilty , degraded , and sent to the ga \ - leys , whence ho was discharged about 4 wo years ago . This man has just been renppointed governor of the same province which lie formerly desolated by his tyranny . It would appear that the Pacha is determined to sacrifice every consideration of prudence and humanity to the necessities of his exchequer . Now is the time for the consuls who have influence with him to interfere .
RUSSIA . Accounts from Russia state that one of the sons ol SciUMYL , who has been for some years a prisoner at St . Petersburg , has effected his escape . It appears thit when only eight years old he was taken prisoner by the Russians . The Emperor had him brilliantly educated at the Military School , where he was considered one of the host pupils . He never gpoko of his father , and appeared to have forgotten his birthplace . His comrades and professors were knoraut of his origin , and he was known by a name ' different from Ilia own . He left the Military School hist July , and was sent as Lieutenant to the regiment of Finland . A month back he suddenly disappeared , leaving a letter for his colonel , in which he informed him ot ' LU birth , and declared that , though young , he had
Untitled Article
never forgotten his native country , and that he waa going to join his father and brothers . This news caused a great sensation . The young Schamyi ., who w eighteen years of age , was much beloved by hia " now pupils , who at present cannot help admiring the patience and courage with which he endured his lot lor so long a time . It is supposed that he had succeeded in reaching Sweden . A family of rich t * inland peasants l . ave been arrested on suspicion of having favoured his escape . A letter from Warsaw , of Sep . 25 , says : —
The Government displays an extraordinarj severity towards tho inhabitants of our capital . All the clabs and circles are closed . Passports for foreign countries are delivered only to persons well known to the authorities , and not unless they furnish a considerable amount of caution-money . All letters are examined on their arrival and departure , and then repealed with the police seal . As soon as three persons are seen speaking toge . ther in the street , the police agents disperse them . All men wearing an imperial on the chin are noted hy the police , and considered as revolutionary . Every anniver . sttry of the birthday of a member of the Imperial Family
has beeu declared a / ete-day , and the Government re . quires that on these occasions all the houses in Warsaw shall be illuminated from dusk to midnight . Such persons as do not light up their houses , or do so incompletely , are to be fined nnd imprisoned , and looked on as suspected . Lately , on one of those days , some bits of wood were cut in front of a house situated at the exiremity of the town . A police agent entered and asked for the owner of the house , and , as he was absent , arrested the man ' s wife , and had her detained in prison for a month for having profaned Vie fete of a member of the Emperor ' n familv .
THE WAR IN TIIE CAUCASUS .-NEW DEFEATS OF THE RUSSIANS . Prince Woronzoff has resigned his command of the Circassian army of Russia , and has been appointed ambassador at Vienna . This able and distinguished man was appointed general in chief of the army , inthe expectation that , by his known great military ability and the vigour of his character , he would succeed in effecting that which none of his predecessors in command have been able to effect , viz ., afc least such a commencement of conquest in Circassia as would give some good prospect of a final triumph to the Russian arms in that country . But though , lie has had under his orders the largest force ever employed in this war , and has certainly shown great
boldness and enterprise , his discomfiture has only been the more signal on these accounts . His expedition to Darga , through a most difficult mountain country , every pass of which was stubbornly defended , was a most arduous one , and required all the nerve and courage the Prince is by all acknowledged to possess to inspirit him to undertake it . But having reached the point , at an immense sacrifice of men , where he dssired to establish a Russian post , his defeat was complete . Nothing can give a better idea of how complete it was than the fact that Woronzoff was forced to fight there hand to hand , ia the melee with the enemy ; by which display of personal valour , it is said , his troops were rescued from a frightful carnage . His retreat from that place
a'so was a scries of defeats , which , at Janyouchy , in Georgia , ( where again , fighting like a common , soldier , he barely escaped being taken prisoner ) , terminated in a rnut and a flight . On the lowest computation , 20 , 000 men of the Russian army msisfc have fallen in battle during the campaign , after this action had taken place . As regards the winter and spring campaign of the hostile armies , it appears evident that all the advantages have been on the side of Shamil . The last tidings of him that I forwarded was that a division of his force had succeeded in crossing the Russian lines , and establishing communications with the Circassians of the interior . ; iind we have now , within the last few days , lea-nt that this division beinK joined bv their countrymen ,
have already taken the important Russian fort of Asahjeck , situated in the coast district of Abasahk . In this and ali the other Russian forts in Circassia , it is well known that the garrisons are prisoners ; that they possess not a rood of ground outside their fortifications , beyond which if they venture tfeey immediately full into the hands of the enemy . It appears , however , that in the fort in question a scarcity of fond prevailed to such an extent that a numerous band of foragers were sent out to procure , if possible , provision , bv making a sudden attack on some neighbouring villages . But they could not acooraplish their purpose . They were met by a body of Shamil ' s men , and so hotly pursued back to their fort , that the pursuers got a lodgment within its
walls at the same time that the fugitives entered them . The outward works of the fortress were speedily mastered by the Circassians , and the garrison was obliged to take refuge in the citadel , which , was a very strong hold . Shamil's men were , nevertheless , nothing daunted 'at its strength . They brought up the few guns they pose 3 sed , and opened a battery upon it . They might , however , have expended all their ammunition in vain , if an accident had not given them the complete victory . The powder magazine of the citadel , into which some shot must have found its way , suddenly blew up . The whole garrrison , about 200 men and 33 oflicer ? , perished in the explosion . The Circassians , of course , razed the works , and entirely demolished the fortress . At the same time that this was doini . ' , the various tribes of Daguestan had organized themselves into military bands , and were about to place themselves under tho command of Shamil . with tho view
it it is said , of prosecuting an offensive warfare in Georgia , it is no matter of surprise then , that in the face of those events Woronzoff should resian his command , or suffer a recall ; for surely both he and the Emperor his master must feel themselves disconcerted , baffled , and mortified deeply by their repeated defeats , and the repeated triumphs of Shamil . Woronzoff ' s appointment as ambassador at Vienna must be regarded a 3 a disgrace , for by this appointment lie loses hia post as governor of the Crimea , and the Ukraine—as Viceroy , as he was called , of New Russia . After Dorga he was made a prince , as it was thought behind this title to hide the reverses he had experienced ; but now that these reverses have become sojpatent that there is no longer any hope of hiding them , he is visited with this most anury mark of the Emperor ' s displeasure . Shamil aiul his Circassians shine heroically on the same canvas that depicts the discomfiture of the Russian arms .
ALGERIA . The Tresie states that Abd-el-Kader and his Deira were still in the environs of Tezza , bat that his two indefatigable lieutenants , Bou Maza and Ilady Sghir , still menaced the French frontier at the head of a few partisans ; the first , in the mountains contiguous to the coast , and the other in the plains of Sahara . Their attempts , however , had hithertobeen ineffectual .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO , The steam ship Cambria arrived at Liverpool , oa Tuesday , after an exceedingly boisterous passage from Boston . The despatches received announce the important fact that tlie Government of Mexico had d dined to accept the overtures of the United States for the termination of the war until tho will of the constituent Congross convened fur the 1 st of December next , shall be determined , ( jonenil Taylor had advanced to within seventy milt'S of Monterey , but it is not unlikely that the negotiations for peace will cause a cessation of hostilities . Tlie offer of mediation on the part of Great Britain , between the United Statca and Mexico , haa been rejected courteously , but decidedly .
As regards the internalnffairsof the United States , the mob law of Illinois , has triumphed with ease and impunity over the Mormons . On the 15 th ult » several skirmishes took place in the vicinity of flfauvoo , in which eighteen or twenty persons were killed . The disputes were afterwards successfully compromised upon condition that the Mormons within five days evacuated tbe city . These terms h&virg been accepted , the city was quickly invested by lawless citizens of the state ; and , according to letters from St . Louis , the exiled sect were arriving dailyin that place in a state of extreme destitution .
#Omgn Ihobemcnt^
# omgn iHobemcnt ^
Ca'teial Anli Tfmmsn Intelligence* *"*"*'^'**"!~'""*'~*V*1 **'*'^V 1 W\**I≫»J»J*≫Wv» F T R S T F R * ' !¦! /¦• S T * • I , T J^ Y
Ca'teial anli tfmmsn intelligence * *"* " * ' ^ ' ** " !~'""* ' ~* * ** ' * ' ^ V W \** i >» j » j *> WV » f t r s t f r * ' !¦! /¦• s t * I , t J ^ y
Untitled Article
Politics Forbidden . —Berlis , Oct . 5 . —Respecting the refusal of the government of Saxe Weimer to permit the association of German literati to meet in that capital , we learn that this resolution has been--adopted in censcquence of a agreement between the ; German governments , by which such permissio n shall not be granted unless the president of the association , or meeting in question , engages or give a promise that the discussions shall be confined to the proper objects of the association , and all political " matters to be wholly avoided , or iu no case made thesubject of public discussion , Tire Jaws is the Cantos of Bbrne have been re- ¦ heved by the Grand Council from the restrictions imposed upon them by the decree of 1 S 20 , which compelled them to take out an annual license to trade -to gubmit all advances made On pledges to ihe police—and w ^ ich forbade them keeping their ac- ¦ counts in the Hebrew language , or in any langauge , written in the Hebrew character . From the BonEMiAS Frontiers , Sept . 27 . —According to accounts from Bosnia , the whole popuia- tion , including the Mahomedan Slavonians , is in such a state of excitement , that serious disorders are expected , and that an attempt to acquire independence , encouraged by Servin , may probably soon be made . French travellers have lately ueen frequently r observed in the country : one of them was lately put in prison by the Pacha of Banjalaka ,. becaiase hecould not give a satisfactory account of the _ obj | cf of his journey . The example of : the increasiffgSjytfsV S . perityoftlio principality of Servia has g ^ ififfng j . ^ once . Thus the Ottoman empire ; -instea . ^ M ^ jt /?^ : taining a lead in Europe , is tending iupfe . and ^ o ^ te ? . «^ to its dissolution . . ^ ' i , ~^ } £ T $ War Invention . —We learn from Munich . ' f } ia £ S £ Lieutenant Weiss , ^ of Bavarian Artillery , - " . li { J 3 | jn- ' ? v ! jf vented a compression globe or ball , the effects ^ of jsj which are said to be tremendous . It is under ex « §| r animation by a military commission , ' * - Galignmi , A
Dfortfgn Hsfecriiaiip.
dfortfgn HSfecriiaiip .
Untitled Article
" OoHHt 17 . 1846- THE NORTHERN STAR . t
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 17, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1388/page/7/
-