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Aristocratic Usurpation.—What, indeed, are
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¦^——• ^^— ' g =: WEEtfLi ? ItEVlEff .
The news from Ireland , though still of » 8 ^ °° ™ J aescripfion . snowssignsofamdioratioD . The jJ WW vorksarebrfng gradually brought Into oprratjOii , and tie practice of task work , which is adopted in Tarious places , enables the people < o - * > *>* r HA . -n / will only . tare « ff the evil of the moment TVe must ere long grapple with the whole subject jnanfnllr , and introduce measures which will secure permanent and general prosper ity to onr brethren -cross the Irish channel .
The most prominent features in the home news ib fte agitation for the opening of the ports , which Has manifesto itseV ia severaI toVnB - The rel ! cf * ° mined by such a measure wonld be exceedingly riight , ifW « The onl V ^ ies who would gain by ., we Relieve , would be the corn speculators , wlto VOttld pocket the difference of the duty . It is a remnant of the Leacne humbug , and it is somewhat f ortunate for that party , which promised eo many blessings as the result of Corn Law Repeal .
fljaftlie retention for a year or two of a small dnty . gives them a kind of excuse for the non -fulfilment of { heir predictions . It , however , only delays for a sj , nrt time , the complete destruction ofallfa-ib . in the nostrums , of which a large portion of the people « re a short time ago ' so much enamoured . The Cobden fund , we see , progresses but slowly . The tide has turned , and people begin to look calmly at the actual results of that " greatfvictory , " which , at jje moment it was won , so intox cated them that jhev could not think rationally on the subject .
fherc are rumours of serious divisions on this and otlier questions , and it is said that these differences will eventuate either in an early meeting of Parliament , or a dissolution . We believe the general feeling in the country is , that Rcsseil is merely a sort of warming-pan for Peel , who must jn the course ef things again take- the administration into his hands , ilis return to power , emanripaletl from all party ties , and backed by the whole people , would open a new era of practical legislation , such as cau n- ver be looked for from the slaves of faction .
The event © finest importance during this gent-rally barren vei-k is , the purchase of another estate for she KOFiE by Mr . O'Connor . It is evident that his exertions ani writings have attracted the attention of the leading parties in the state , the articles which appear In the principal Journa ' s on the land question , indicate that clearly , for these papers never write before they know they will not give offence . They are van « s which show which way the wind blows—{ hefoHcwers . not creators of puttie opinion . The additional estate now purchased will give an immense impetus to the question . Mr . O'Connor is
piactira'Jy preparing a solution of the difficulties Ttlncfl beset Ireland , and also of the question how to deal with poverty at home . The creation of an independ ent small proprietory , out of the starving vassals of the wages system , will be not only a novelty in practice , but a I ssmi insocietarian science , which even the most blg-itted opponent of Chartism must confess to be a useful one . By means of these small farms , social independence and political enfranchisement will be united , and the spectacle of a free , indnstrions , and happy population living on their own soil , will put to flight the dreams of political economists , and once asain put Mrs above Mammos .
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Colonial awDf tfovtign Ktbitto .
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The intelligence brought by the Indian mail this week , is hnrdly so warlike as the previous news from the banks of the Sutlej . Still , no doubt is enierfained that the moment the British ' withdraw from Lahore , anarchy will recommence in that devoted city . 2 fo secret is made abont the fate in store for La ! Singh , the prime minister and parajnour of { lie Ranee ; no one doubts that his throat will be cut , the moment his "British protectors have taken their departure . The Ranee , we should atate , is the Christina of the Punjab when we have
Kid that we have said quite sufficient to explain her character . Of course , the return of anarchy will bring tlie return of tbe British . There will be more finhting . more " glory . " more slaughter , and tinless this time the British , are beaten— a net very likely contingency—the drama will wind up with tbe wholesale " annexation" of the country of the five rivers . We are told there is no help for this , that the safety of " our Indian empire" demands this consummation' and perhaps it is so—states like thrones
"Got by Wood , must be by blood maintained . " In the recent contest , the Sikhs may have been tbe aggressors , and may hereafter , by their own acts provoke deeds of blood ; but it must be borne in mind that the British , after all are the great offender ? , the hatred of tbe Sikh ? , is bnt tbe natural Conseqnence of that career of conquest and spoliation , which from the days of dive to those of Napier has been steadily , pursued by the " Christian . " " civilisim ; " adventurers from this island .
As a specimen of the liberal usages in operation in " our Indian Empire . " we must notice the tyrannical suppression of a newspaper called the Maulm'dn Chronicle . It appears that the editor of the Chronicle had given great offence to some of the Jacks-inoSce , by exposing their public rascalities in r . venge for which advantage was taken of some rule affecting the press , which the Editor of the Chronicle had not abided by , to summon the offending party to trial ; the Judge ( " Commissioner" ) bein ? one of the parties who han smarted under the lash of the editor . On iis trial (?) the editor respectfully solicited forbearance , and met with it in a fine of 300 rupees for contempt of Court in making use of the expression . He
pioeeedfed , protested against iheillegali # of the Commissioner ' s being the judge in his own case , and was fined 200 rapees more for his protest , which was also termed contempt of Court . And lastl y , the Commissioner ended the proceedings by subjecting the editor to two years' imprisonment in the common gaol , and and to pay a fine of 3 . 000 rupees in eight days , or the press sold to the highest bidder . This infamous act of tyranny rivals anything of which Russian , German , or Spanish tyrant could be guilty . We wonder if this outrage has been sanctioned by Lord Ilardinge ; if so , the victorv over the pnor editor will procure for 11 his Lordship" lanrels of another sort than those won on the banks of the Sutlej . Surely the home authorities will not countenance this enormous
wr ong-. "We iavelo deplore a fearful calamity which haB befallen our French neighbours . A full " account of the dreadful floods , which have within the last ten day 3 swept like a deluge over the central departments of France , will be found in our seventh page . It was ascertained on Tuesday in Paris , hat the waters of the Loire , the Soane , and he Rhone were lowering . On the other hand , the Var had overflowed with extraordinary violence and done great damage . To the scourge of inumla tion must be added scarcity and disease . The rural population ia several of the departments are reduced to the most appalliug state of distress by the high
Pnce of food . In Auvergne , Berri , the Orleannois , f * Brie and other parts of the country , tbe sufferln of the poorer classes are represented to be extreme . In the Upper Loire , the measure of grain whicn used to be sold for 2 s . British , has now ri > en ! o 4 s . &L The potatoes are totall y destroyed h the bli « iit ; and the distress of the people is in no respect less severe than that which is reported to prevail in Ireland . Among otber indications of distress or of distrust among the population of Paris , ^ Ustlie mentioned the returns of the operations oi the Kavimrs-banks of that capital for the week end "" I on . Monday . From these it appears that the de-Poatsin those banks on the 25 ; h and 2 Cth inst . anwnnted to eOS , 526 f ., and the withdrawals to 83 S 52 . 3 f .
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The New Revolution in Portugal ia advancing . The reported arrest of the Bake de Terceira it confirmed , together with the rising of all the north of Portugal against the counter-revolutionists . Up to the 14 th all communication between Lisbon and Oporto had beea cut off for some days . It was reported that the Marquis de Louie , who married the Infanta Donna Anna , basplaced himself at the head ofthe junta at Coimbra , from whence four battalions were to march in conjunction with the forces in the province of Aveiro , in a movement on the capital . Coimbra and Braga have followed the T « r . Kstr Rnnr . iTTinv >¦ Pm > tithit . ia iil « i > nnl > in
example of Oporto , in declaring Don Pedro V ., and excluding the present Queen from the throne . A remarkable fact in connection with the late counterrevolution deserves to be recorded . Under the I ' almella ministry , the government being without money , the payments due to the troops were in arrear ; not a shilling could the government get from the Lisbon capitalists for that or for any other purpose , and consequently the troops were ripe for mutiny . On the day of the counter-revolution the soldiers r « ceived donblepay . ' Where did the money come from ? Can any one doubt that the financial coRspirators were the paymasters ? Madrid papers
of the 20 th state that the Queen of Portugal had applied to Spain lor assistance , and that at the recommendation of the French Ambassador , an armed intervention in the affairs of Portugal had been determined on . It is said , that the command of the invading troops will be given to the bloody Narvaez . Will the British government permit this ? We confess we have onr feara that tke present Whig government is secretly a party to the present infamous acts ofthe Portuguese Queen . If this was not the case would tbe British government allow , under any pretext , tbe absence of its representative at the Court of Lisbon , at the present moment ? yet we read the following in the Times correspondence : —
" Lord Howard de Walden is about to leave Lisbon for England , with Lady Howard and the entire family . His Lordship bas obtained a long leave of absence , and it is understood that he will visit bis estates in Jamaica , and probably not return to Lisbon , as his full period of service will have been completed in less than two years , which will entitle him to a retiring pension . " " His Lordship" is to go holiday-making for two years , at the end of which time lie is to be saddled on the country as one of tlie " retired" nuisances at the cost to the nation ofsome
thousands a year . What a glaring instance is this of lli < - humbug of our system of ambassadorships ; what a proof that , nnt to geard the interests of the country , not to vindicate the country ' s honour , but merely to supply a place for a ravenous aristocratic plunderer , this Lisbon ambassadorship is instituted . If at a time Me the present vie have no use for an ambassad r at Lisbon , why should we have an ambassador there at all ? Will Mr . Duncombe ask that question of Lord John Russell when Pa liament reassembles ?
Accounts from Switzerland are , on the whole , satisfactory . The elections in the canton f > f Geneva have passed off without the slightest disturbance . The result has been , that out of ninety-three Members of which the Grand Council is composed , sixty are firm supporters of the present Liberal Government ; the remainder , consisting of a mixed opposition , anioa ? which not above half-a-dozen wilt favour the ultra-montane league . The reported insurrection in Basle is contradicted : it appears that the victory of the liberals has been a bloodless one . The liberals mustered in such force that the government
resigned their functiens to theia liberal opponents voluntarily , and the change , which leaves the liberals in undisputed possession of power , was accomplished without the pence being disturbed . The Jesuit party in the cautoa of Valais , who , although they possess the government , and command the armed force of the canton , are yet in a minority as compared with the liberal party , are getting alarmed f'Ttiicir supremacy , and are adopting their old tactics of endeavouring to rouse the ignorant and fanatical peasantry to massacre their opponents , and nre , as they did two years since , inciting and
practising secret assassination . Tee ( London ) Morning Post is clamouring for Foreign intervention in the affairs of Switzerland , and is urging on the British government to join in a crusade against the "infidels" and "democrats" of Switzerland . We hope the British government has more wisdom than to be guilty of so suicidal an act . There are democrats nearer home than Switzerland , which the wooden-headed Post will find some difficulty in " putting down . " Besides , the British government has not yet paid the cost of trying to " put down" the French Democrats ' ; best let the Swiss alone .
The Pope is triumphantly marching in the path of progress . Recently on his return from visiting TivoJi ( in the neighbourhood of Rome ) he was escorted to bis palace by sixty thousand persons . From Turkey we have received a copy of the Hatti Sherif , appointing Rescind Paciia Grand Viaier . The appointment is considered as indicative of further and eneficial changes . The war operations of the TMted States against
Mexico , are reported to have been totally changed . Instructions , it is said , have been forwarded to General Taylor to make the war one of invasion , and not occupation , as heretofore . Elsewhere will be found the account of the taking . of Santa Fe by Colonel Kearney . There are some matters connected with these " victories" of the " star spangled banner , " which call for comment , but at present we have no room .
We direct the attention of oar readers to an interesting letter in our first page , giving some account ofthe Small Farm System on the continent . Onr correspondent is a gentleman , in whose intelligence and veracity the utmost confidence may be placed ; but can it be , that " the policy of the English government is directed by the traitor of the Barricades , and that Louis Philippe has more than one English statesman in his pay " ?
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Mabtlbbone Vestbt . —On . Saturday last , October the 24 th , the secretary ofthe Anti enclosure Association attended with a memorial signed by one hundred and two of the inhabitants ofthe parish , —calling on the vestry to take such steps , as might be necessary to restore to the parishioners the foot-walks and thoroughfares of Kilburn , Primrose-bill , &c , and also to take such steps as might be advisable to secure the gates of the intended Primrose-hill Park , remaining open night and day . The answer returned to the 102 memorialists was— " That it was not the business of the vestry . " When the next election of vestrymen takes place , the parishioners will do well to look to this .
A GESEBALMEETiKGof the Members of the United Patriots Benefit Society , residing in Bristol , was held at the Angel Tavern , High-street , on M-ndny evening last , for the pmposeof hearing Mr . Ruffy , the General Secretary ofthe Institution , give an exolanation as to . the reasons fur making the late amendments to the rules of the Institution . Tho members expressed themselves perfectly satisfied with the information given by Mr . Ruffy , their Secretary pressed a vote of thanks for his attendance , also a vote of confidence in Mr . R . A similar meeting was held at Bath on Tuesday evening , when the members passed a vote of thank .-to , and confidence in Mr . Ruffy .
Stapfosd Shoemakers . —A large number of the members oi the Mutual Assistance Association of Boot and Shoemakers , assembled at their club-house , the Union Inn , Eastgate-street , on Monday last , to celebrate the anniversary of St . Crispin ; when , after enjoying an excellent supper , which was sfived up * in first rate style , by Mre . and Mr . Silvester , the worthy hostand hostess . Mr . Richard Weston was called to the cliair , and song , glee , and duett , kept the company in high spirits until a late hour , when they separated well pleaded with tho evenings amusement . Several of the master manufacturers subscribed very handsomely towards carryout the festival .
Abolition of Capital Poxisiimsst . —A public meeting , numerously . md respectably attended , was held at the Jarae room of the Royal British Institution . Cowper Street ,- Finsbury , last ( Friday ) evening , on the subject of the Abolition of Capital Punishment . Charles Gilpin , Esq ., took the chair . The meeting was very effectively addressed by Mr . Alderman Sidney , and Messrs . Miall and Rowton . Resolutions in favour of the object of the meeting were carried , with only three dissentients .
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THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND COMPANY . The Balance Sheet made up to September 29 th , including the sums acknowledged in the Star oi ' October 3 rd , is now audited and will be in the hands of the several sub-secretaries in the course of the folfowing week . Circulars containing the names of places included in the several districts , for the purpose of nominating and electing a delegate to the Conference , will also be forwarded at the same time as the balance sheet . Any shareholder wishing for a copy of the balance sheet will be supplied with it on enclosing three postage stamps .
The Directors hereby authorize the various subsecretaries to make a levy of Three pence upon each shareholder towards defraying the expenses ofthe ensuing Conference ; such levy must be remitted to the General Secretary previous to the fitting of the Conference . Parties neglecting to pay the levy previous to the Conference , the sub-secretaries will deduct tbe same from any payment made by the several defaulters . In consequence of the society beiug personally registered , it is necessary that the 'sub-secretaries furnish the General Secretary IMMEDIATELY
with the names , address , and occupation , of all members belonging to their several localities together with the amount paid by each shareholder in tach section from the commencement . This is absolutely necessary to be attended to WITHOU I' DELAY , as in the event of non-compliance very heavy penalties , will be incurred by the parties neglecting ^ 0 to do . Feargos O'Connor . Phili p M'Gratii . ClIRISTCPIlBR DOXW , Thomas Clark , Thomas Martin Whkei . br . Secretary
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THE MARTYR FROST . Sums received of Mr . George Rogers , Acting Treasurer , up till Thursday , Oct . 29 : b , 184 C , previously acknowledged . £ a . d . 270 17 1 pee Mb . G . J . Habnii . Eighth collection 2 13 4 273 10 5
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THE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER ! MESSRS / M'GRATII ~ AND CLARK'S TOUR ;__
BATH . Public Meetiw .-Oi ) Wednesday evening last , the arge mom all the Porter Butt Inn , Welcot , formerly used as the Odd Fellow ' s Hall , was well nttended m pursuance of notice to adopt the National Petition . . »* At n ! ie tilDe a PP nintcd for commencing business , Mr . 1 / iojias Bolwell was unanimously chosen to preside ; who , after thanking the meeting for the honour which it had conferred upon him by electing him to that office , proceeded to remark that he was now more than ever convinced ofthe necessity ofthe establishment ofthe Charter as law , seeing that every additional attempt to bolster up the old system , proved injurious to the Working Classes . He had seen much political changing during his time , but had never witnessed one change , however boated ita liberalit
y might be , that was intended to elevate those who had to toil , not for themselves alone , but also for others who were their enemies and oppressors . ( Uear . ) I he object . of the present meqting was to adopt a petition to Parliaiuentpraying for the enactment of the People ' s Charter ; and his hope was , that if the petition was not successful , that the presentation of it would hnve the effect of rousing the masses to a sense of their present degradation , and submitting to the rule of a contemptible fraction of their l ,, n ( Cheers - ) We called upon Mr . Charles Bolwel to move the first resolution , which he did in a length y and argumentative speech , which was frequently applauded b y the audience . The resolution was second by Mr . Franklin , and supported by Mr . P . M'Grath in one of his powerful and effective addresses , and was cordially adopted by the meeting .
Mr . Page moved the adoption of the petition , which was seconded by Mr . Wimslow , and supported by Mr . T . Clark , and carried unanimously . The business of the evening concluded by votinu thanks to Messrs . M'Grath , Clark , and the Chairman . We expect that tlie petition will be more numerously signed than any similar one that has ever been gist up in Bath . The two public meetings which have been held here for the Land and the Charter , hftve'dosemuoh good , and haw removed much prejudice .
BRADFORD , WILTS . For some time past this place has been in a state of agitation owing to the appearance of immense sized powers , announcing that a public meeting would be held at the large room of the Swan Hotel , for the nurpoBe of hearing the objects and means of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society explained by two of the Directors , Messrs . Clark and M'Grath , who were to attend for that purpose- On Thursday evening the meeting took place , and as was antici Dated , the room was densley crowded .
Mr . Nkai / e , the proprietor of tho Hotel , ( at his own request ) was elected to the office of president , and opened the proceedings by stating , that he was not well acquainted with the precise nature of the Society , whose objects and means they were assembled to eonsider , hut he hoped that tliev would prove satisfactory to all . He then proceeded to remark , that his desire was that ' no offensive observations si oul'l be indulged in , as all parties were now upon friendly terms , owing to the late tree trade triumph , which had been effected by peaceful and quiet agitation .
Mr . M'Itratii on coming forward was warmly received , and proceeded to explain . the objects of the society , which were to locate its members on the land of their birth , un -er such promising circumstances , that a comfortable and respectable livelihood would be the reward of moderate industry and care ; and also to enable them to possess themselves of those political rights , of which rutUess despotism had deprived them , lit : entered upon a review of the tenure on which land is held in this country , and contended that the present race of aristocrats held the broad acres of England by -virtue of the sword , and not in accordance ^ with any law of God or nature . lie was of opinion that if ever the workine classe were placed in possession ofthe land , it woultl be entirely through their own exertion , as no other
class would assist them . ( Tbe chairman here rose , nnd stated , that he had strong objections to any allusions being made to classes , which he thought were not as culpable as Mr . M'Grath seemed to think them , and begged that he would not further allude to them . ) Mr . M'Grath stated , that from respect to the chairman ' s prejudices , he would not remark further upon the enormities practiced by the upper classes towards the people ; bnt at the same time , he would state that be thought that t e Chairman was wrong and that he was right . ( Loud cries of—Go on , you are right . ) Mr . M'Grath then entered upon the history of the society , its prospects , objects and means , and concluded an able peech , by inviting all present to join with those who were struggling for the emancipation of labour . ( Loud cheers )
Several questions were put to Mr . M'Grath , all ol which were answered satisfactorily , after which Mr . T , Clark was introduced to the meeting , and spoke at considerable length in elucidation cf the land plan , and proved to all present that what was proposed to be done by the Society , might be accomplished by co-operation and perseverance . He stroncly urpred upon the meeting the necessity of turning their attention to the question of the land , as the only ene that at present occupied the public mind . To persons who asked—* ' What had the Chartist agitation done ? " he pointed to the growing desire on the part of the intelligent portion of the working classes to possess themselves of the land as the only sure foundation for permanent prosperity and happiness , and he for one did not despair ot seeing the wishes of ' tke most ardent and enthusiastic fully realised .
The Chairman , after calling for discussion and no one appearing to urye any objections , made a few observations , the evident intention of which were to prejudice tlie minds of those present against the Society , but in which miserable attempt he signally failed , * as a short time will show . In order to test the opinion of the meeting , the follewlnjr resolution was proposed by Mr . Mansfield , seconded by Mr . Hart , and carried unanimously : — Resolved , that this meeting , fully bearing in mind that the majority of schemeR hitherto projicted , ostensibly for the benefit of the working classes , having signally failed , and , judging from tho lucid explanation given this evening , of the National Co-operative Lnnd Society , we hereby signify our confidence in its practicability , and think it eminently calculated to perinananetly benefit the working clasies .
The conduct of Mr . Neale , the Chairman has excited universal disgust , and it is very generally supposed that he asked to be allowed to take the chair for the purpose of doing all the mischief in his power , but the adoption of the forgoing resolution will show how far he succeeded in influencing the minds of those present against the Society . Too much credit cannot be given to Me-ora . Mansfield and" Hart , who are both young men . and who were at the expense of getting u : > the meeting themselves . Mr . Mansfield is one of the two-acre farmers , who is shortly to take possession of his estate at O'ConnorviMe , " and it 13 said that Mr , Ilnrt is . to accompany him . The wish here is that they may— " Go on and prosper '" Messrs . M'Grath and Clark have left an impression that will be remembered when Mr . Neale shall be torgottn .
TROWBRIDGE , On Friday evening last , Gayston Hall was crammed almost to suffocation , to hear Messrs . T . Clark and P . M'Grath , two ofthe Directors of the Charlist Co-operative Land Society , explain the mode by which it is proposed to realise the benefits which that , body guarantees to its members . The chair was ably filled by an operative shoemaker . Mr . M'Grath was first introduced to the meeting , and after dwelling fer some time on the right of tlie peoplo to the land , lie laid down , in a clear and
concise manner , the principle upon which the [ Land So eicty is founded , and made it quite perceptible that union was the grand requisite with which the working cfcvse 3 were able to accomplish their political and social regeneration . Mr . Clark followed , and explained the details and manner of working out the objects of the society , and in the course of his remarks , strongly recommended temperance anil sobriety aa a great essential in socuring the success of any great public undertaking . The addresses of both speakers were well received , and seemed ta give general satisfaction .
SECOND MEETING . ADOrTIO . V OF TnB NATIONAL FKTITION . On Saturday evening , at seven o ' clock , a second meeting was held in the same hall , for the purpose of adopting the national petition . A resolution , condemnatory of class legislation , was proposed by Mr . Mansfield , of Bradford , seconded by Mr . Eames , ably supported by Mr . M'Ghath , and carried by acclamation . Mr . IIaut . of Bradibrd , proposed the National Petition , which was seconded by a working man in the body of the meeting , and supported by Mr Clai : k in a speceh remarkable for its withering sarfiisms' , directed with consiocriiblc cfi ' cct against the institutions of the country , and elicited the frequent and hearty applause of the meeting . The petition was unanimously adopted , and the meeting quietly separated .
Messrs . Clark and M'Giiath ' s route—Mondaj and Tuesday , Worcester ; Wednesday , Henley Thursday aud Friday , Liverpool .
BRISTOL . On Tuesday evening a large and respectable meeting was held at the Mechanics' Institute , lor the purpose of promoting the objects of the Chartist Co-operative L . ind Society . Mi . F . Simbo . v was called to the Chair , and opened the business with a sensible and effective speech .
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After which Messrs . P . M'Grath and T . Clark delivered lengthy and eloquent addresses , showing the value of the land and the efficiency and practicability ofthe Land Society . A second meeting will be held on Wednesday night , in the same place , for the adoption of the National Petition .
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RENEWED AGITATION FOR THK CHARTER IN SCOTLAND . MR . DOYLE ' S MISSION . ( The following reports are taken from tho Edinburgh Express . ) Curihe —Mr . C . Doyln delivered a lecture in the large room ofthe inn at Currie , Ou Tuesday evening . His subject was " The Charter and the Land . " Mr . Doyle was met on his way by a deputation from the Chartists at Georgie Mills , and proceeded to the place of meeting accompanied by a band of tnuBie , and a Jarge party from the villages on the road . The room wasnlleii . Mr . Richard Birkett , a very intelligent working man , was called to the chair , who opened the meeting with a concise speech . Mr . Doyle addressed the meeting for about two hours . Mr . A . M'Donald then moved the following resolution .
That this meeting approves of the People ' s Charter , believing that it contains a system just in representation , and harmonious in action ; and we are resolved to use all legal means in our power to make it the law of the land . Mr . Cumming supported the resolution , which was carried unanimously . —( Corresp . )
GREAT MEETINGS IN EDINBURGH . On Monday evening , Mr . C . Doyle , from London , one ofthe members ofthe Executive Council ofthe National Charter Association , delivered a . lecture in the New Hall , Adam-square , in the presence of a great concourse of the working classes , ilis subject was " The Charter and the Land : " and in the course of his remarks , he passed some very severe censures on the conduct of our Legislature . lie denounced the Game Laws as a most incquitous enactment , and one which was repugnant both to tbe laws of God and the dictates of reason . He dwelt at some length on the failure in the potatoe crop . He repudiated the notion that it was a judgment from
heaven . God ' s judgments , he said , were always . 'eneral ; and the potatoe failure affected only the condition of the poor man . Royalty did not lose a single j » int of meat by the potatoe failure , neither did those who were wallowing in wealth . There were plenty of fish , beef , lamb , and so forth , in the land , which went far to alleviate the distress arising from the potatoe failure ; but these were beyond the reach of the poor man . He condemed the policy of Lord John Russel—that great-minded man with a tremendous large body ; he had falsified his pledges , and was therefore not to be trusted . lie ( the
lecturer ) believed that , come what changes might , there could not be a worse government tlian th& present . He entreated his hearers , if they valued 'heir liberty , to aid in the getting up of a national petition for presentation to the House of Commons 9 , praying for the enactment of the People ' s Charter . It was in tbe House of Commons that the battle for the attainment of the people ' s rights would have to he fought ; nnd , in addition to the national petition , he strongly recommended , as a powerful auxilary , the securing often or twelve members of Parliament , oledged to support the claims of the Chartists , and to second the efforts of Thomas Duncombe . Be
believed that a more bungling government than the present never existed ; and seeing that they could not hold the reina successfully , they ought to abandon their post , and let others try their hand at managing more successfully . He passed some censures on Lord Brougham , indulged in a good deal of sarcasm at the expense of royalty , and made a few thrusts at Biibingfcnn Maoaulay . The lecturer was applauded very abundantly by the audience .
BECOiND LECTURE . The second lecture on this subject took place on Wednesday evening , in Adam-square Hall , when the attendance was considerable , and included a few females , Mr . Alexander Grant , letterpress printer , being called to the chair made a few remarks , ami introduced Mr . Doyle , who was that night to lecture on tho land and ita capabilities . Mr . Doyle rose and said—Mr . chairman and friends , the land which is at present in tho hands of men of wealth and learning , belongs not to them ; it belongs to all . How did Great Britain come into the hands of the aristocracy ? In the year 16 C 0 ( 1 think ) a certain man culled a prince ( there are too many princes ) had a notion that England , Scotland ,
and Ireland too , were his properly ! But he found that , somehow or other , he could not take possession of them . He collected a parcel of brigands , and with promises of dividing the spoil , he induced them to undertake the subjugation of these ishnds with him . They entered England and attacked the natives , nnd many battles—bloody battles—were fought . After spreading desolation around , and reducing the natives , he partitioned out the land to his nobles ( bri-^ avuls rather ) . Each had so many serfs and slave * , > vho were fed upon the lnnd they had to cultivate , ami not upon taxes , for these were trifling , I believe : his waa the risiug ofthe present ariatooracy . One was asked by what title he held his lands , pointed to his sword . Destruction , spoliation , robbery , was his title . The thief has the same title to what he steals
as he had to his land . The fact of his having stolen it is sufficient reason for his retaining possession of it ! We find the Jaw of primogeniture so formed as to keep the land among the aristocracy . This lavr is so noxious , and so opposed to all justice , that our united efforts ought to be directed against it . An to the extent of the land , and whether it would not support four times the number it d ; es—forthis I am give proof . Alison says that the land of this country could easily support 123 , 000 , 000 of people . There are 77 , 000 , 000 acres of land in the United Kingdom ; and out of this , about 46 , 000 . 000 , or about n half , are cultivated , while 31 , 0110 , 000 are not ! Id 000 , 000 of tins are capable of being cultivated . These facts are based on truth , and cannot be controverted . Tuit , in his magazine informs us , that there are the same number of acres in the United
Kingdom as mentioned by the comnnaioHers , and that there are 50 . 000 . 000 cultivated ; but we may say that there are only 1 S , OOO , OOO really cultivated . lie tells us that the amount of corn produced ia 61 , 000 , 000 quarters , and of this 24 . 000 , 000 are consumed by tiorscs and cattle . They say these lands are better cultivated than those of any other country . But in Italy we find that there are eight acres of arable land to one of meadow , They must have a better knowledge of agriculture than we have . We find there no such extremes of rags and affluence as iu England , the envy of surrounding nations . It ought not to be the envy of other nations—it should rataer be the pity of its neighbours . I will now adduce some facts to show that the land is not properly cultivated . The iarnier who rents a large farm has four men to cultivate a hundred acres . These are never sufficient to bestow the care and
labour required on so much land . 'Hie London market gardeners who have only two or three acres , have lour or five men employed upon them ; and why should not all the land be garden ? Tbere is no reason why it should not . Plenty of manure and labour would make it all equally productive . But the farmer has not the time un < i means to expend upon it which it requires . He must pay his rent or lie will be put out , for he is only a tenant-at-will . If a man lias only a few acres , with liberty , and the will to cultivate them well , they would yield ten times the produce they do at present . Look around , and wilJany inriii Hay that the land is half cultivated ? Out of 60 . 000 , 000 of acres we have only 18 , 000 , 000 of arable land , and 42 , 000 , 000 not cultivated . We must have
meadow land perhaps to some extent ; but a cow will give as much or more milk from cabbages , turnips , and other vegetables as from grass or clover , and of better quality . Now , we have millions starving ; and what hinders the government from employing the able-bodied paupers on the land ? But rather than lose political influence , they will al low them to starve , or give themselves up to crime . It is a horrible system ! Poverty is the parent of crime . Surely every man will repudiate that system which is so much opposed to all justice and reason . As to the capabilities of the land , I will give my facts on the subject . In ' Chambers' Journal' of the 6 th of April 1839 , 1 read a paper called' Singular mode of tenanting land in Guernsey . ' The writer shows how the
happiness of the people there has accrued . The estates never exceeded seventy or aetentj-five acres in extent . The land is seld by quarters , at £ 20 a quarter . There is not a beggar to be met with is all the island ! ( Applause . ) Uli ! that 1 could say as much , for Scotland ! Mr . Doyle then related an anecdote of a farmer at Gorgie , who kept a cow on a quarter of an acre of land planted with cabbages . The animal could not eat them all , and produced better milk , and more than trem turnips , Mr . Cobbett ( who had written more sound sense than many men ) had kept a cow on a quarter of an acre , and given her 00 lb . of food per dav ; but another person had far outstripped Ctbbett , for , from a fall of land , he had produced at tho rate of eighty-one tons of cabbages per acre ! The aristocracy keep good hold of the land—they know the value of it too
well . But by co-operation , tho working-man coulu get land , and . so be independent of strikes , or the whims of their superiors . As long as lisa arm mis strong , and the laud productive , Ltppiucss would bless him ; so long as the sun Siioiu > , and the rain poured , prosperity would attend him . Tha first estate had been purchased , and thirty-five meu were to bo located upon it in February next . This was the first estate purchased by the people for the people ' s interest . Tiio cottages on O'Connorvillc estate had each throe rooms , and two acres ot land wore attached to each for a rent of £ 6 . ( Great applause ) After a few questions , proposed by persons among the audience , had been answered by Mr . Doyie . who explained some further particulars of the society , a vote of thanks tc > him for his kctiiru , and to the chairman , was moved aud carried by accliunvon , after which th « meeting dkmissed .
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DENNY , STIRLINGSHIRE . ., Mr ; D ° yle addressed a public meeting here , on Monday last , with good results for the cause of the garter and the Land . A vete of thankB to Mr . JJoyie testified the unanimous approbation ofthe
DUMFRIES . luTi ! l ! r ^ IMec'ii"JJ lor tl ) C clection of ° ffiMwwts ° / tlie > " » M < a and Maxwell-town Working £ , i , ° 'il ' ' was-hcM on ' the evening of «™ , * L r ' . II * -. ™ t , occupied by tbe Assoua-™ Tfa ? i ? P " , V earB of the democrats of the capital of the Houtl . of Scotland . The attendanoe o' members was full ; and the following are the elected : —Mefsis . G . L-swia , treasurer ; J . Grier-Ron , secretary ; William Lewis , clerk ; William Grierson and J . Paterson , auditors ; and , Joseph . M'Quhae Librarian . Suvt-ral otlier items of
business were then disposed if ; among these the National Petition was unanimously adopted ; and a committee named to report to a future meeting as to the more fffcutiial manner of bringing the matter before the public . It is understood that the adoption ofthe Petition will In- followed by an energeticcanvass of the town and neighbourhood ; measures will be taken to give every inhabitant eligible , an opportunity of adhibiting his name , and no one anticipates a refusal : at all events , denials will be like angels' visits—few and f ' ai between . The Association continues to thrive , there heing weekly additions to its ranks of such as shall be saved from the thrall of king , aristocrat , aud scheming priest .
JFALKIRK . S $ Mr . C . Doyle delivered a lecture in the Crosi Keys Hall , on Friday . Subject—the " Land and i * a Capabilities . " Mr . Richard Cooper , an old and staunch vetera n in the cause , . was unanimously voted to the chair . He opened the business by reading the placard calling them together , and made a few appropriate remarks upon the subject ; after which , he introduced Mr . Doyle to the audiencet Mr . Doyle ' s lecture occupied nearly two hours in the delivering , and was received throughout with hearty applause . At the conclusion , votes of thanks were accorded' to the clui . ii man and'lecturer , a « d themeeting broke up , apparently samfied with the evening ' s proceedings . We are happy to say that Mr . Hamilton , phrenological lecturer , was present , and expressed his entire approval of the Bentiments uttered by Mr . Dovle .
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these kings , lords , and commons ? Where does the power , said to be invented in them really reside ? Let the people of'England ask themselves that great question , and they will find in its answer the one great root and source , tht one great mystery of all their troubles . . They will iiud that their boasted House of Commons is but the enjine of the aristocracy to cheat them with a show of freedom , while they , through its means , rob and plunder and scourge them to their h ' e ' aris content . They will find that . they have not the power to move a finger of the House of Commnns , that the aristocracy , —such a mighty and wealthy and luxurious aristocracy as the
world never before saw—are , in truth the possessors of all and everything in England , ' TJiey possCBS the crown , tor it is the great bauble and talisman of all their wealth and honours . They possess the House of Commons , by their- sim . s . their purses , and their influence . They possess the church and the state , the army and iJie navy , They possess all offices at home and abroad . They possess the land at home , i'nd the coionies to the md oi ' ihe earth . Aud , what is more , they possess the property and the profits of every man , for they have only to stretch out their great tnn in a vote of tbu House of Commons , and they can takeit as they please . —Hampdcn ' t History of the English- Aristocracy .
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STATE OF THE COUNTRY , A prebend of Limerick diocese , remarkably kind to the poor , ha * received notice that he will be murdered ! Several magistrates of the County Clare are obliged to have police parties in their houses to protect them . llorses are killed to prevent their drawing corn to market , and sheep are feloniously killed , it is presumed , as food for the slayers . A mob of 500 persons were dispersed at Kilrush on Thursday by the military aiid police . Mr . Ha > vey , agent to Lord Doiioughraore , was waylaid near Baymeil ' s-grovtt , Cloumel , on Friday , and lobbed of iOOO .
COUNTY MG . VACHAN . An Aughnaeloy uorresfondent informs us that parties of fellows are scouring the country in that neighbourhood , visiting the houses of gentlemen and lanners , and demanding moiiey and lood . One party visited the house of iV 3 r . Watson , of Killyhoman , and , although hegavy them money , they threatened to kill one of his cows upon Uie next visit- They then went to the house of a widow , named Henderson , and extorted money from her by threats of destruction of property . Similar parties are parading through various p : ittss of the eauntry , { levying contributions ^ The fellows who ' act thus are not the really destitute , but u !' e ruffians , who make the misery of the community a pretext to raise money , which they drink at the next pubiichouse . Their names should be taken down , and the ringleaders punished .
COCMV TIPPERAHT . Robbeht . —On Wednesday evening last , two brothers , nnmeu M'Donnell , were returning from the Limerick market , after disposing of their corn , and when near their own residence at Rusk Island , on the borders of this county ami the county Limerich , they were stopped by three armed men , who demanded their money . " The M'Donnells refused . to do so , and made fight . PatM'Dunuell received two bayonet wounds in tlie arm und abdomen , when . the follows went . off , taking with them some provisions the M'Donnclls had purchased in Lirncrick . Threatening notices were last week posted at and in the neighbourhood of Fort Johnston , threatening death to Mr . Johnston if he would receive any vent , ¦• r to any tenant who would dare to pay any . Mr . Johnston kas made a reduction in his rents of 15 per cent .
Firing into a Dwklli . \ g . —On Tuesday night last the house of a man named M'Mahon , near Portree , was fired into by a party of men , who put in through the window a notice , threatening M'Mahon , and urdering him to { jive up an acre of land to a person named Toohey , whose mother-in-law , about ten years age , held possessiwa of—and who sold it ler ¦ a consideration tu M'Aiahon . The party then withdrew . On Tuesday night la--t , about eight o ' cleck , some ruffians went to tlie house of Richard Lynch , near Borriboknne , they fired a shot through the window , which fortunately did no injury , they ordered Lynch to quite forthwith , or prepare his coffin . This is the second or third attack that has been made en Lynch .
Privation to a fearful extent prevails in the extensive parish ' of Abamlish , a district strikingly remarkable for the peaceable demeanour and industry of its population , many of whom at thiB bleak monienD are on the verge of starvation , In one Village alone , MullagUmoro , there are- one hundred and twenty-nine families , comprising the number of seven hundred aud twejity . eight persons , who were solely dependant upon six acres of corn , having lost all their potatoes , the food on which they mainly existed , In the parish arc ten thousand human beings , out of which large number only two hundred and forty poor creatures are at work . Iu the adjoining parish of DrumcJitf , too , we are informed the condition of the population is nearly aa bad as in Abamlish . Many families in this county have been subsisting for six weeks principally on cabbage and pernicious food . — 'SUgo Journal .
A gentleman , writing from Billingarry , in the county of Limerick , states that the townspeople had been greatly alarmed by an incursion of several hundred of the peasantry , who entered the village in an apparant state of desparation . They complained of not having received their wage 3 , and of their entire destitution . A priest addressed , them , and they were induced to separate by a promise of speedy redress .
COUNT ! CORK . A correspondent of the Reporter writes aa followa : — Ballydeiiob , Tuesday evening . — I arrived herethii day by the mail car , and proceeded to make the nenessary inquiries respecting the state of destitution under which this part of the country labours , and lind that it fully equals , if not surpass , that which 1 witnessed in Skibbereen and its nei ghbourhood . Aa i passed along the road , groups of famished children rushed out of the cabins on the w ay side , importunning the passengers on the car for ' money to purchase food , as they stated that they had not . had any that day . The abject misery and distress which their appearance betokened enlisted the sympathy of those who could render them any assistance , and it was wonderful to see with what avidity and joy they seized on the few halfpence that were handed to
them . Oa entering the town , 1 was surprised to see a large concourse of people in the streets , and on inquiring of some of them what they were assembled tor , they told me that the paj- clerk oi' the Board ^ of Works had arrived in town and was about giving them the first instalment of their wages since they were set to work . I asked some of ihein how long they Lad been employed , and they replied that some were three weeks and some were four ; but that they were only getting one fortnight ' s wages out ot what was due to them , leaving three weeks wages due to somo Ai ' ter receiving the money , I observed some of them "o into shop 3 where Indian meal was sold , and express a desire to purchase , but it is impossible to givo an adequate idea of the disappointment they experien ced when informed by the shopkeepers that they were out of it , and could not tell when they would have a supply . Thi 3 ia truly a melancholy
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The First Foo . —The first fog of the season made its premature appearance on Wednesday—a few days before the month prescribed for such visitations , Novembers . It was unusually dense , and much inconvenience , with a lew fatal casualties , were the consequence . The trains on nearl y every railway arrived behind time , in consequence of the slow rate it was necessary to travel to prevent accidents . Most of the steam-boats on the river did net plv at ail whilst the fog was at the thickest , and very little business could be done at the wharfs .
The firet railway to be constructed In Sweden is to run from the iron mines of Gelliwara , in Lapland , to the port of Tonnetbrs , and will be thirty-two French leagues in length . These mines are the richest in Sweden , but the produce is of comparatively little value , from the difficulty which exists in carrying it to the sea . It is an English company which has undertaken the line in question , and tlie works are to commence in the course of next spring . A VEnr Remahkable Crime a . \ d Trial . —The Wellington Statue has now been on its trial for the Last month . The verdict that has been passed upon it by all judges of art , has been— " Guilty of Man ' s Lnupliter . l —Punch .
Ihe 1 e . n IIochs Bill . —At a meeting of tha delegates of the Short Time Committee of the West Riding , held at Brighoiise on Monday , Mr J , Rawsou in the chair , various resolutions were adopted for a series of public meetings to be held in theniananufjicurin- districts , to permit another expression of public opinion upon the Ten Hours question , and pledging the committee to an agitation of the question to secure a legislative regulation of the labour of females and ofthe younger portion of factory o ; ietatives * . ; -Among the resolutions was one inviting tlie " old king , " Richard Oasiler , to lake part in the agitation .
Ireland;
IRELAND ;
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BCEIl'TS Of THE CHARTIST CO-OPEItAT 1 TB LAW COMPAJTY . FER MR . O'CONNOR . SECTION NO , 1 . ¦ BA > E « , £ | , d , Bury , per M . Ireland .. .. „ „ 3 13 2 Hindley .. 0 6 0 Norwich , per J . Hurry .. .. .. 200 Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. .. ,. 0 11 0 S . ilfoni , per i . Millington .. .. .. S 0 0 Tavittock , per R . Hole 0 7 0 Leicester , per Z . AstilL . .. .. .. 1 17 4 Birmingham , per TV . Thorn 1 18 0 Colne ( No . 1 ) , per R . Hay 0 9 0 Hyde , per J . Hough 0 11 0 Worcester , per M . Griffiths 0 18 0 Sundcrland , per II . Haines .. .. .. 0 C 0 Bolton , per E . llodgkinsou .. .. ,. 0 4 0 Bradford , per -J Alderson .. .. .. 5 0 0 Satton in-Ashfield , per . C . Meakin .. .. 086 Asliton-under-Ljne , per E . Ilobson ,. .. 13 9 Huddersfield , per J . Stead 2 0 10 Arra , per J . Robertson .. .. .. 100 BCEII'TS OP THE OHARTIST Cn : nw » iT ' iTB !
£ 26 9 10 SECTION No . 2 . ——¦ BASIS . Halstead , per "W . Hurry 16 0 Darrel , per W \ Touug 15 0 } ISorrowash , per R . Bosworth .. .. .. 0 16 U Bury , per M . Ireland .. .. .. .. 5 7 10 Iliudley 0 14 0 Elland . per J . Kinnersley 1 19 6 Corbridge , per R . ilawley ,. .. .. 076 Lancaster , per J . Ilarrisoii 6 18 11 Oldhatnper W . Hamer .. .. 2 0 O
, Nottingham , per J . Sweet 8 11 0 Hawick , per J . Hogg .. .. .. J Norwich , per A . Bagshaw .. .. .. f „ Gosport , per J . Douglas .. .. J J Taristoclcper R . Hole * \* « Birmingham , per W . Thorn .. .. "' ' ITvilo r , » i-. I TI .,,,,, ! , .. .. „ 1 & <> Hyde JHough » «
, per . J Worcester , per M . Griffiths .. .. .. i 1 ( l " Critff , per J . JI'Leod " * ' Sunderland , per II . Haines .. .. .. 0 la . Hulton . per E . Hodgkinton .. .. .. 1 ll j > Swind . m , per D . Morrison .. .. .. 500 Stockport , per T . Woodhouse .. .. 2 . 0 ( 1 Ciaxton West , per E Evans .. .. .. 0 11 8 Darlington , per W . Carlton 0 18 9 Torquay , per—Putt 3 2 10 Devises , per J . Stowe .. .. ,. 560 Sutton-in-Ashfield , per C . Mealdn .. .. 028
Newton Ayr , per S . Iran .. .. .. 0 10 3 Ashton-uiider-Lyne , per B . Hohson .. .. 3 6 0 Wolverhampt < ai , per J . Steward .. .. 13 2 Belfast , per A . M'Clement 2 0 0 Northampton , per -W . Mundy •• 2 % 0 £ 7 i 18 8 } PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SECTION No . I . SHAKES . £ s . d . £ s . d . Halifax- - - 1 0 0 Whittington and James Smith - u 0 6 Cat - - - 0 1 » 10 Reading :- . 028 Groydon " . . . 040 Camberwell - - 0 12 0 Coiigleton - - 0 ( 0 Collumpton - - i 15 0 Merthyr Tydvil , York - - . 050 Jones- - . 200 Hanlej - - . 13 6 Totness - - - 2 2 3 < fciley Bridge . 2 1 « 0 Hull ' - - - 0 C 6 I . imehouse - -040 Trowbrid g * . . 1 11 0 Westminster -050 City of London - 0 15 4
£ 16 13 7 SECTION No . 2 . John Dew - - 5 4 4 Birkenhead - - 5 18 3 Briilgewater . - 1 12 0 Strood , Rochester 11 0 0 Halifax - - - 3 14 0 Mr . G . Brook . 0 10 0 Vestminster - O 19 4 VVhittington and F . Caueron - . 016 Cat . . 1 12 C William Richards 0 2 6 Mr . Harney . - 0 2 0 Derby - - . o 2 O _ W . Cuin - . 030 Foleshill - . 0 10 0 Lower Warley . 254 Reading . . 7 17 6 Edinburgh . . 1 16 6 Crovd-m - - 1 7 4 Camberwell . . 0 10 0
Greenwich - - 3 10 0 O'Connorville - 0 7 8 Richard Honey -014 William Higgins . 014 S . Cullen - - 0 1 0 York - - - 1 15 0 Market Lavington Bermondsey - -050 ( Love ) - - . 6 n in Marple ( Tell'sBri-Shiney Row - - 111 0 gade ) - - - 0 S 0 John llanis - - 0 2 0 Samuel Ward . 020 Totnes - . . 1915 0 Hanley . - . 240 Hull . - - 0 10 0 Staley Bridge - 2 IU 0 Sleaford - . 10 1 Trowbridge - -060 Southampton . 490 Limehouse . 600 City of London - I 7 0 Fhisbury - . 1 C 21 Maidstons . . 082 £ 90 7 S } TOTAL LAND FOND . . Mr . O'Connor , Section iVo . 1 ... 26 9 10 Mr . Wheeler „ „ ... 16 13 1 £ 43 3 5 Mr . O'Connor , Section No . 2 ... 71 18 8 * Mr . Wheeler , „ „ ... 90 7 SJ £ 162 0 5 ItECEirTS OF NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . PE& GENEKAL SECRET * HI . Hull - - . 0 11 0 Somers Town - 0 8 9 John Mills -006 Leicester , O'Gon--Shiney Ki » w - 0 3 2 j nor Brigade - 0 2 I George Willis -003 VETEUAKS ' , WIDOWS ' , AND ORPHAN ' S FUNDS . Maryleboue . - 0 3 ft E . C , City . . 010 rUKCHAtE GF 1 BABE 8 TOK V 1 CI 1 MS . Reading . . . 030 BEGISTRATION FDND . E . C , City - - 0 2 6 The sum acknowledged last week in Section No , 1 , from Bromsgrove , should have been £ i , Thomas Maetin Wheeiee , Secretary .
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October 31 , 1846 . : . THE NPRffHERN ; STA B g ' ¦ -- & 51 " ~ -i - '¦" - ' - " ' - " ^ ~ ~ ~~~ " ¦ - - SSS ^^ ¦ '' —»»¦—^ w gffHBBgg ;
Aristocratic Usurpation.—What, Indeed, Are
Aristocratic Usurpation . —What , indeed , are
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 31, 1846, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1390/page/5/
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