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Colonial aifl) £brofgii gntrnigeme*
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yjijlUDEin v*t *w-x»r. ^^^^^^^ -fottfgn iHobfment& Oc v .
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Pn.TEBvtTT- on Natio.vs. — The Conslitutionnel
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Denmark..—Kiel, Oct. 1*1.—M. Oeshausen, - who
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«• And I will war , at least in wards , ( Ana—shouldmy chance so happen—deed * , ) With all who -war with Thought !" I thinklhearalittle Wrd , who sings Theveoplebvandby ^ m betliestronser . ' -BIWK .
REVEL ATIONS OF RUSSIA . [ COXCLOTBTG AEHCLB . ] On- hi * ****** from these rolumes we select as ibSrW « m « elfcIit iip « mllie SXXXL STRKSGTH OF RCSSU . TTith rajard to Russia , which , like a vast inanimate Jl L notabreathof feeling to animate it , excepting w rfiich . palrantc-lite , its government inspirs , it is ** ! L more difficnlt to gather indications of its future Z t and we are led to place an emphasis on signs , ¦ h in a free country , wonld be unworthy of conside-* - For instance , " the jealous despotism of Russia I 9 non ' B ] ienS ana foreigner * , without credit . Kn , or inre in the country , to all offices responsibility , ih pre-* " to her native subjects . Russia appreciates the fjrence ^ -g ^ gj , adventurers in every branch of her s ? jj jnifitary administration , excepting the naval , hicn their peculiar adaptation is obyious . From this
which is open to all other foreigners , of late years Car *' have been strictly excluded . "We cannot , therefore , ^^ i-tliat Russia , —who , finding in British power the l ! L ate tade to her aggrandizement at half the points of S ^ m pass , has , in the conceit of her cabinet , swollen " ** ° tnrail T enmity Into rivalry , —has not been the last ' ^ - irhohave nnderstoodtheaioralof the allegory of ° l Vrtofs rods . Whilst we , therefore , appreciate anJ tn wledg e * " colossal resources of England ' s nrari-* now ** , and the certainty , as far as human calcula-?> e ^ aran , not only of her unshafceable security , but ^ eventual 'riuraph against all and any exterailfoes , 01 tee in than ho security that her power will not be ** J > m 0 Te assailed : and on this account we think that Xe& are things which an English public neglect , ana « 6 irh inaepandently of thetechnical interest they afford , EnelUb public should study—we mean the real ^ onnt" { ihe nation ' s strength when it chooses to exert % and the strength or wealjness of those , who , before jl ^ o- Brethren , will be arrayed against it as enemies
jjarivate . jt 3 s far from the verge of improbahilty that we may « j Sje a Russian navy , with its fifty thousand sailors , Vm * ed apainst -as , amongst other foes , startling , if not jljrin 5 n ? i countrymen ; and it is , therefore , well fbstthev should learn what value to put upon that thing j j » shreds and patches , ** woven into the scarecrow giant's { arm , which , seen from a distance , indistinct and dim , looks awful—but , closely viewed , becomes merely ludiooas to thebfcholder .
ORIGIX OF THE RCSSIAJ ? KAVT . ¦ ffhen Peter the First who , savage and tiarharian as iivas . so well deserved the name of Great , stood on the islands « f Xeva ' s Delta , the newly-conquered soil of Is ^ ria . still within reach of the hostile Swedish cannon , gja resolved to build there a city and a fleet , possessing ffcen no outlerto the Great Northern Sea" but the one river viose marshy banks and islets he occupied , and exposed to lie agsression of a redoudable enemy , in whose -ray teeth if -tcotiia be necessary to complete , his mtatalriug , thwe was a boldness in the conception rinrhsnecess has justified . "When , a few jeaTS after he fcji made his triumphal entry into the new cspi'al which bad risen np from the morass—palaces and
dwellings having sprang np where only the bull-rush raised its head , and the acclammarions of a vast population greeting him on the spot where only the cry of the seamew and the voice of the marsh-frog , fell formerly upon jjjj ear—histoiy tells us that it was on the occasion of a naral rietory , obtained orer the Swedes , with the very fleet of wfcieii a few years before he only comtemplated the construction . Towards the accomplishment of this design be bad neither a single artizan to construct , a saiior io mm , or a port to harbour the ships , which were Sul trees in the forest . "When we remember these tfcmss , we must confess that the annals of the past offer so parallel to the boldness of the idea , or the succes of its execution , except in the solitary instance of the rise of the Eoman naval power , in the face of the Carthageuian
suprema T . Peter rendered his fleet decidedly superior to that cf Sweden , and , from his contests with it , he may tike the measure of the naval power which he had Ihe merit of thus suddenly calling into existence ; bat—Par from keeping the promise of its early and auspirioas years , the infancy of the Russian nary proved the most brilliant period of its existence . Since the days of Tster it has sever shewn itself so formidable as under his
command ; and in recent times it has 90 far degenerated as to bi one of the verj worst in Europe . Although it consists of fifty sail of the line , and though these have fifty thousand armed men to work them , if it were necessary to hold two-thirds of the number in commission , so small would be the proportion of even tolerable seamen onboard each ship , that they would be about as ill-managed as the Chinese war-junks . Independently of this , tffo-tiiir . ' s of the vessels constructed in the Baltic are too rotten to put to sea . But , eren if this were remedied , the deficiency cf proper crews cannot be so . InfleyearlS-39 . the entire navy of the Russian emwre consisted of
SHIPS OF THE LIKE . S ships of 100 guns and upwards ; and 2 upon the stock ... ... ... ... 7 liittm SO to 100 guns ; 5 upon the stock 23 aifromiOtoSO ... ... ... ... 20 FilGATES . ioffiOgnns — — — ... 4 Sifrom 36 to SO ; 1 upon the stocks ... ... 21 04 « r vessels , corvettes , brigi , and schooners ... 40 Total 115 vessels , amounting upwards of 7 , 500 guns . The sailors of the Baltic fleet were reckoned at 30 , 800 usn ; the sailors of the Black Sea at 19 . S 00 , making a total number of 50 , 600 . The fleets are distributed much is the relative proportion of sailors , between the southern Hii northern waters , excepting that in theBlack Sea they tare a larger number of small craft .
RUSSIAN SEAMEN . In the whole of the Baltic there is , therefore , no such flang known as a Russian sailor serving on board a mercbtntman ; the crews of the few vessels engaged in commerce being composed exclusively of Finns , Germans , laes , and Swedes . It is true there is a law which oh-Jks even- vessel sailing tinder Russian colours to have a JiKsJaa captain . Bat , whether the ship belong to a Boaian , or , as is generally the case , to a foreign owner , a peasant , who does not , perhaps , know the head from ftesfern of the ship , is engaged as nominal captain , receiving the salary of thirty shillings a month ; and as soon as the vessel goes out of port , he is sent down to sfesp in tl : e fore-cabin , resigning the command to a Finn w » foreigner , to whom he very often acts as cook ,
lie sailors for the Russian navy are , therefore , recruited in the same manner as the soldiers for the army , from ihe class of agricultural peasants . Obliged in the Balfic , by the ice , to remain utterly inactive for half the year , and in the Black Sea for several months , on account of its p-rriodical storminess , they are destined to act jiatf as sailors and half as soldiers , and perfectly military 3 B their organization , nabits and uniform , are disciplined *> t ! : e use of the luusket and the infantry evolutions , mnch iu the same manner as our own marines . They are formal into equipages , which represent regiments or battalions , and into companies . They are dressed in stiff = sj » it costs , or great coats , very tight at the collar and TOlSl , aad seaman-like costume is completed by boots , aad a lieavy glossy leather chako , which may serve as a fc * -backet , of which it has much the appearance .
Of tiie 50 . 000 sailors employed in the navy , 30 , 000 are Ststioned on the Baltic , and 20 . 000 on the Black Sea . Sbose of the Baltic fleets , c rnuosed principally of the ^ roy recruits , areas miserable in appearance as they are Inbberlv . Generally at sea only a small portion of the seren months during which the navigation is open , the greater nuiiber of them never thoroughly get over their s ^ a-sick aess ; and , on account of the expense of sending ttssels on auv foreign station—where the pay increases to more than " treble , oesides tne merciless plundering of ft « offic .-rs , _ they are kept cruising in the brackish water ofthe Gulf of Finland , between Cronstadt and Revel , ** cre they can never , on a clear day , lose sight of Und . Inline orinoderate weather , considering all the disadrantJSes under which tiey labour , they manage to work their sIli ps tolerably ; because , with all their ignorance and aw kwardness , strict order is preserved . As soon as rough
weather comes on . the officers , losing all confidence , resign the command of the ship to a few .. f the older sailors on board ; for th * little knowledge that is possessed by a ship ' s company , is usually to be found amongst its crew ; ani exchanging the stern brutality of their manners for a Sudden affability , they loose the rein to all discipline , and all begin to talk and advise together , who are not « b 5 ged , by the confusion of their stomachs , to hold their twgues . The want of dexterity in manoevring a ship , the ^ ant of silence when fighting her , and the want of active courage to board an enemy ' s vessel , or to repel the attack mh'S boarders , constitute all the evils requisite to ensure ™ e capture of a vessel by one of far inferior size ; yet these p erils to which every Russian ship in the Baltic fleet 1 "u be subject on the day of trial , with the exception of P&lap ? , one or two , the crews of which are a collection of « l * ieir choicest seamen and officers , chosen whenever a aKsian man-of-war is sent abroad .
/ hose ttho have had ihe opportunity of closely exa-2 aill 3 iigllussian vessels on a foreign station , seldom imbibe M very exalted ideas of their efficiency ; but they are ^ * * Hj uoeonsnous of the fact , that it is the very pick j . e wbole navy which is ostentatiously selected to gite jJ ^ o Hws as favourable an idea as possible of the con-™*« n of thfcirfletts , wheu they have been led to scrutinize J ? ^ . corruption which prevails in the army , and *¦ " «* is indeed common throughout all the departts
p Pj of tbe state is of course emulated in the navy , inland alone , of all the Russian dominions , iur" Wies her w ] ih » ood sailors , - but iliey are far from T ^ rous , notwithstanding the vast extent of her totl u ^ Finnish sailors , moreover , are very averse , « e Russian naval service . Our author sums np ,: J ? marking , that the Russian navy has proved ^ . powerful in the hands of her diplomatists than j ^ , ^ w ould have done in those ofheradmirab . He * ar - ?*! t is Ws se" ° us belief that in the event of * « u England , the-Russian navy would not offer
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more effectual resistance to any thing like an equa British force than the Chinese jnnka have done . The four last chapters of this work are devoted to a sketch of the Russian conquests in Finland , Circassia , and Georgia . As regards Finland , our author satisfactorily shows that in the event of a war between Russia and Great Britain , the Finnish population wonld rise to a man against Russia . The picture of the Circassian heroes ( chiefly sketched from the accounts of Russian officers engaged in the Caucasian campaign , ) will excite heart-thrilling interest . At some future time we hope to avail ourselves of at least some portion of our author ' s account of the noble and valiant mountaineers . We hare now pone through this work , and hare shown fmm these Revelations the real nature of that atrocious despotism which dominates over onetwelvth of the human race . On the one hand , that
despotism is strone and mighty , because based upon a Mindly submissive peasantry , numbering more millions than the entire population of France . 1 his peasantry forms « he <> nfailing raw material for the immense armies of the Tsar . The steadiness p d slavish submission of the se troops , compensates in a great measure for the want of that fiery courage and chivalric daring which characterised more th n one of the races , who now own . or ' . are forced to . pay allegiance to the Autocrat . The Russian de spotism also commands the services of the Cossack tribes , perhaps , nationally considered , the best horse-men ( excepting tha'Circassians ) in the world . Strong too is the Russian despotism in its diplomacy , and bo ^ means of intimidation and corruption are left untried by its innumerable asents to promote the ever-grasping real at
policy of the Muscovite Court- If the was all equal to the apparent strength wiolded by this detested power , it would be past doubt that the hour of universal submission to Russia , or of a deathstruscle between her on the one hand , and the progressive nations on theother , could not be far distant . Fortunately , however , formankind , Russia is not thai omnipotent power , she would fain make the nations believe she is . If tbe peasantry of Russia are a multitude of submissive slaves , incapable of an effort on their own part to attempt their own deliverance , the facts of history attest that it would be comparatively ensy , to excite this hitherto inert mass in the name of freedom a 2 ai » st their mastere . Moreover , though steady in the battle-field , and therefore , tormidable as lniiff as their masses are unbroken , they are naturall averse to war . and would prefer peace at any
pricptoallthe " glories" ofraore than Roman Conquests . The Cossacks indeed are of an opposite character , and they constitute the real military strength of the Russian Government But l > etween them and the Polish people are the Ruthcnians . —closely related to both , largely imbued with " Polish ideas , and acting as c-mductora of the " virus of free prineipies to both Cossacks and Muscovites . We have shown from these " Revelations" the corruption of all classes of Russian officials from the War Minister down to the petty officer , from the Civil Minister down to the humblest police officer , and this corruption constitutes one of the prime elements of weakness in the Russian system . The state of the Ru « s : an navy revealed in the extracts given above , shows how impotent is thatseemingly formidablo arm of the Russian power .
The fact is . Russia is only po werful because the nations believe her to he so . Althoueh she has effected much mischief by force , she has effected much ninreby fraud , and she invariably precedes force by the employment of trickery and corruption . Still by these arts ' she is becoming stronger , and although as yet formidable fnly in Asia and Eastern and Northern Europe , the day may come , unless her career is arrested by the united arm of England and France , when she will excite equal terror in the West . _ We are persuaded that the war for liberty will not ions of the
always be confined to the mountainoHs reg Caucasus . The nest European convulsion Will rou « e Poland once more io the combat : HOr is tins all , 'he too-long delayed blow from the North will be struck at tbe verv head o " the Russian empire . The Swedes , the Danes , and the Norvyegians united by a coramna feeling of self preservation , will forget pa « t enmitie 3 to deal on their real enemy the blow which must be struck , if they would save themselves from the fate of the Pole * . On this subject we quote a portion of our author ' s remarks : —
The great bulk of the nation , ! however , who long ardently for a constitutional form of government , and who are as well fitted for it as any people in Europe , have within the last few years become fully sensible of the folly of that family feud which has divided the Scandinavian nations , and of the hatred fostered by centuries of rivalry between the Swedes and Danes , people whose rigin * is the same , and whose very language is so similar that they can more easily understand each other than a north of England man can understand one from the sontbern counties . Both the Danish and Swedish nations begin to perceive the mutual benefit of a union of these countries , which , Sorway being included in the coalition , would thus unite the whole of the Scandinavian people , constituting a
powerful state which might assume an independent position in Europe . A few years ago , when first this arrangement was suggested , it was looked upon as chimerical by the majority of those who first h < aril of it , and was only whispered about as men whisper thins of treasonable import , by those who canvassed the subject . The prejudice and antipathy existing between the tiro people alone ap . peared an insup' -rable bar to the furtherance of their national interests in tiis manner . A Srrede could hardly walk in the streets of Copenhagen , or a D * ne in those of a Swedish town , without being liable to insult . But with an unprecedented rapidity , this deeply-rankling hatred has been rooted up , and so marked is the revulsion of feelinz which has taken place , that the Swede in Denmark and ' the Dane in Sweden , is received with marks of
popularity . The Scandinavian nnion is not only confidently talked of , but publicly alluded io , even under the absolute , though mild gevernment of D nuiark . The clnsa intercourse of the tvro countries has been chiefly fostered by the universities , and within the last two years their members have visited each other , as many as a hundred crossing the sea from one single university to visit another . At these meetings the union of Sweden , Denmark , andNorway , has been publicly given ss a toast , a sceue which has been renewec 3 onlv a few months since .
In Sweden , unpopular as the late king was , there existed no general wish to overturn his dynasty among the great majority , but there is every tendency to curtail the power to the measure of that which it enjoys in Norway ! and in the event of the union of the three states , it is almost inevitable that such semi-republican form of go . vernment will be adopted . The prospect of reigning over the whole Scandinauian people , on these conditions , was nottherefore so enticing for Bernadotte , who , once violent as an ultra-republican , as bis former speeches shew him to have been , had become as monarch imperious in his endeavours to maintain his royal prerogative '
It is universally expected that the death of the Xing of Denmark will , under these circumstance !) , be the signal for important changes , which may eventually terminate in the foundation of another European power in the Scandinavian confederation . Much must uaturally depend on the light in which this is viewed by Enghnd , which , it is hoped , too powerful to be jealous , if her real interests are not misunderstood , will see with satisfaction a combination nhicbfrnuBt prove a fetal check to Russian ambition in the north of Europe . If the people <> f England only sec this question in tbe right light tbey may compel the government to see with them . Here is the queation : Jn the next European struggle will the English people ally
themselves with the people of France , Poland , Hungary , Sweden , Denmark , ^ Norway &c , or with the Russian autocrat and his tributary satraps who by force and fraud , craft and murder , keep the nations in bondage and misery ? The question is all important . If we take the side of the tyrants as we did before , woe to us ! If , on theother hand , ire side with the nations , centnries of hatreds and wrongs will he forgiven and forgotten , and England may become , with France , the ' rotector of the Human Race . Let the people of England , the freest branch of the European family determined to be yet more free—let tfiem declare in good time their voice and wil ! for the side of progress , and again 3 t the side of tyranny .
In conclusion we have to thank the author of this work * for the invaluable service he has rendered to the cause of humanity by the publication ot these Revelations . We earnestly recommend this work to our readers , believins as we do , that the wide-spread diffusion ofits contents will be productive of the utmost benefit to the Polish cause specially , and will advance the true interests of mankind generally .
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\ Denmark . * Revelations of Russia , by an Enelish Resident n Two Volumes . LonJon : II . Colburn , Great Marlborough Street .
Colonial Aifl) £Brofgii Gntrnigeme*
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INDIA AND CHINA . The Bombay mails of the 15 th of September , received on Monday by ordinary express , state that India wa * then completely tranquil . The Governor-General and Lord Gough continued at Simla , whence it was said that they would proceed on a tour of inspection . The new conquests , called the Jullender Doab , ( or plains between two rivers ) , were described as fertile and healthful , and the inhabitants satisfied with their new rulers . The Nazim . or Chief of Moultan , had made terms with
the Lahore Government by paying a large sum of money , and by admitting the Lahore police into his fortress . Gholab Singh has been engaged in regulating his troops , which are restricted to the number stipulated by the treaty . Some disturbances had broken out in Cashmere , from the heavy exact ' ons of the new Government , but they were soon suppressed . A report , which turned out to be unfounded , was circulated by the Delhi Gazette , of the murder of Lall Singh , the Wnzeer , and great anticipations were formed of immediate confusion .
There is nothing new from Scinde , the country is generally tranquil , but the people still continue to suffer severely from scarcity . Cholera had again made its appearance in Lower Scinde , but in an infinitely lighter form . An affair had taken place at Moulmein which is likely to cause much discussion . The editor of a paper , called the Moulmein Chronicle , had by BIS strictures on the authorities there become peculiarly obnoxious , and some of the provisions of the Calcutta law regulating the press were applied to his case : he was summoned to the court , fined , sentenced to { be imprisoned for two years , and Ins minting establishment was shut . Captain Durand ,
the Commissioner of the Tenasserim provinces , to who-n these harsh measures were attributed , had raised a nest of hornets around his ears , and the press of India w . ts loud in denouncing his arbitrary and tyrannous conduct . Intelligence from China comes down to the 25 th of July , but it is not very important . A rather serious affray had occurred at Canton , between the Chinese and residents , in which some of the former lost their lives . The affair , however , by tbe prompt assistance rendered by the authorities , and especially by the Danish vessels in harbour , was soon put down . All the British troops have now been withdrawn from Chusan , and the island been given over in terms of the treaty . FRANCE . AWFUL FL 00 DS .-GREAT LOSS OF LIFE
AND PROPERTY . Our Paris intelligence has brought us most disastrous and melancholy accounts of the consequences of a flood which had occurred in the Loire , the waters of which had suddenly risen to a height exceeding anything known for a century back . An ex traordinary fall of rain , which continued for two days incessantly , produced this effect . The Loire and its tributaries have been equally the theatres of this phenomenon , and have produced inundations , unknown within the department of La Loire , Allier , Lnir-et-Cher , and of the Loiret . At Moulins the whole population were up during the night of the 18 th assisting by torchliglit the unfortunates whose dwellings were submerged ; notwithstanding the activity of the people , tbe devotion of the authorities ,
and the aid of the military , it was physically impossible to asaist all . Numerous boats loaded with goods were entirely lost ; bales of goods , hogsheads of wine and brandy , " timber and merchandize of every description , floated in everv direction . The bridges of Vichy , Chazenil , La Palisse , Dompiere , Digoin , and others , have been swept away . In the department of La Loire , the bridges of St . Just and Andrezieux , and Balbigny , have been carried away . At Roannc the digne has been broken , and the river has resumed its ancient bed , deserting the bridge . The Hotel de Flandre , and all in it , the post-house , and a great number of other houses , have disappeared . At Andn-zieux the village has been entirely carried away' scarce a trace of the railway is left ; the suspension bridge is gone , the barracks a heap of ruins ;
us the sudden rise of the waters took place during the night , several persons have perished- At Saint Paul Cornillon , a little village has been entirely destroyed ; at Roanne , from forty to fifty houses are entirely submerged . The mail posts from Paris to Marsielles have been stopped . Houses were so suddenly invaded by the waters that the families could only take refuse upon the roofs . At midnight a second rush of the waters took place . Between Fours and Boen , the diligence of Lan'tte was suddenly surrounded by the overflowing of the Lignon , and was stopped . The waters quickly gathered round it , three or four persons have perished , the conducteur and postillion fell a sacrifice to their incredible efforts to save a lady who was an inside passenger . Other passengers , more fortunate , saved themselves by Bwimming . One of them had the presence of mind to cut tbe traces of one of tbe horses , on which he mounted to effect his escape . The horse after swimming for a considerable time sank
to rise no more , the passenger however saved himself by swimming . The town of Nevers , at the confluence of the Nie ' vre and the Loire , saw guddenly the mass of waters of both rivers rushing down with terrible fury . At Blois the streets are under water to a depth of seven feet . The waters having broken across the road of St . Gervais , have resumed the ancient bed of the river , which at present forms the rieh valley of Chailles and Cande , over this region ferry boats are employed transporting in every direction the inhabitants who have taken refuge in the upper stories of the houses . At night all places sup . p ? sed to be liable to inundations are illuminated by torches , and extraordinary lamps have been erected . The mayor and his assistants , the commissary and agents of police , have sat during the night at the mayory , ready to supply hel p when required . Such are a few of the details which first arrived at Paris , they are however nothing in comparison to the disasters which have been spread over the department of the Loiret .
At Orleans the Loire in twenty-four hours rose sixteen feet : a sudden fall then took place . The reduction amounted to twenty inches in two hours , and continued during the night of the twentieth . This abatement produced a new disaster ; the embankments cracked , and at one place were carried away to an extent of sixteen feet . A horrible noise like an explosion was heard upon the quays of Orleans ; it was the railway viaduct of Vierzon , which the violence of the torrent had burst . The levee near St . Pre has been carried away through a length of about thirty-five yards , and immediately the Loire assumed the appearance , not of a river , but of a sen I As far as the eye could see , there was only a horizon of waters . All the communes of the Yal are literally submerged . Some houses are inundated to the
depth of twenty feet ; others are totally submerged . Help is cried for everywhere , but difficult to be afforded . How can boats be directed through gar dens intersected by hedges ? besides , the numbers of boats avail iWe are utterly insufficient . Boatmen cannot be obtained , and the danger is as preat to those who offer , as to those who receive assistance . Unfortunates who took refuge in the upper chambers of the houses are taken out by means of rope ladders . Several of tbe houses in Orleans have fallen by the pressure of the waters . The conservatories are all destroyed . In the country , the unfortunate inhabitants are insulated , some on the roofs of their houses , others in barns , some among the branches of trees . Meanwhile , food fails ; the bakers cannot
make bread ; desolation is univer-al . On the afternoon of the 20 th the tocsin was sounded in all the communes of the Val , and in the night the common cry was , " sauve qui peut . " Here and there upon the quays , and in ihe city , peasants were seen driving beasts before them , which they had savei from th-: river ; whole families were nearly naked , stripped of all resources , and barely able to save themselves from the fury of the waters . The infants and the aged were without shelter or help . The disaster meantime spreads ; the Loire again increases . At Orleans all business is suspended ; the custom-house , the exchange , the tribunal ot commerce—all are sbut . It is impossible to estimate the enormous amount of tbe loss . It is a national disaster .
Further reports of the inundations reached Paris in the course of the afternoon of Saturday . New disasters are announced from Orleans , The routa from Tours is entirely intercepted by the inundation . The couriers from Tours , Angers and Nantes have ceased to arrive at Orleans . The number of houses destroyed in the citv of Roanne is one hundred and fifteen . Of four hundred boats loaded wi : h merchandise , which were moored on the quays , two hundred and seventy are totally lost . The property thus destroyed is estimated at a
million of francs at least . The town of Bolligny is entirely devastated . A considerable portion of the villages Poully and Rougy is destroyed , and i * appears that several persons in them have been lost . The barrack of gendarmes at Andresieux having been destroyed , the men with their wives and chil dren took refuge upon the rouf of the stables . Notwithstanding the screams of distress which they uttered , it was not until the next day at noou that four boatmen determined , in spite of " the tears and supplications of their families , to risk their lives to save these unfortunates .
The following particulars are selected from the reports brous-ht from the department of the Nieve : — Never within the memory of man have the waters of the Loire so risen . The river began to overflow its banks on tbe 18 th ; but no one expected the prodigious inundation by which suddenly the country was submerged , on the ni-iht between the eighteenth and nineteenth . It was at three in tlic morning like a . tide rising at the rate of four feet an hour . The river suddenl y invaded the lower part of the town of Nevera , after bavins covered with its foaming waves the entire valley round it . A great number of inhabitants , threatened in their buds , had scarcely time to fly and give the . alarm . At the break of day the whole population was up , listening with terror to the roaring of the waters , which continually increased around them . What a spectacle of horror !
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The IiOire and Nieve , mingling their waters , formed an immense lake , under which the faubourgs of Mouesse , Nievre , and Loire nearly disappeared . Herethereappeared floating on the water timber and furniture , beasts carried away from their pasturages , and every sort of debris , evidence of the most cruel disaster . Fire-arm ^ discharged as signals of distress , and the screams of miserable creatures cinfined to their dwellings by the surrounding waters , were everywhere heard . Two steamboats proved of inestimable service . Throughout the day these sailed from house to house , taking on board the wretched inhabitants , a considerable number of whom had lost their reason by despair and terror . All Sunday , the most deplorable accounts were every moment arriving in Paris of the effects of the
floods ih all parts , more particularly in the southern departments of France . The L i » e had committed dreadful ravages between the plain of Auree , Andrczieux , and Roanne . The St , Etienne railway had been partly destroyed at Andrezieux . All the boats , laden with merchandize , to the amount of l , 000 , 000 f ., lying in the canal of Digoin , had been sunk , and l . OOOhhd . of brandy , each worth 800 f ., and 1 , 600 casks of wine were lost . At Pouilly , l . TOO pieces ( hogsheads ) of wine of the country and of Beaujnlais , had been carried away by the floods . The swell in the Loire began to be felt at Nantes on the 21 st , but the authorities had cautioned the inhabitants residing along its banks sgainst its consequences , and no accident had as yet occurred . The Allier and the Loi'e , at their junction , became an immense sea . 1 , 400 labourers , engaged in the construction of the railroad , would have inevitably perished , had not
provisions been sent to them by a steam-boat , which toiik the poor men ci board and brought them to a place of safety . In the Val of Orleans 10 districts were entirely laid waste ; 80 boats and 250 boatmen had arrived at Orleans from Paris , and were employed in carrying provisions and relief to the inhabitants of the inundated country . Near Amboise the Loire had burst the great bank by which its course is partially restrained , and flowing with irresistible force through the opening thus made , had made an immense breach in the Orleans and Bordeaux Railway , which is there carried along an embankment . About four kilometres of this embankment are said to be entirely washed away , and the line for some miles , although it would not have been materially injured by an ordinary inundation , is supposed to have received so much damage that some months must elapse before it can be again opened for traffic .
On the night of Saturday , in particular , a frightful hurricane manifested itself at Valence , accompanied by thunder and lightning . The rain resembled more that of the tropics than what is seen in Europe . The strangeness of the phenomenon filled with terror not only the human race , but the inferior animals : vast numbers of birds of every species flew for shelter from the surrounding country to the town . Flocks of thrashes , widgeons , and ducks , were seen and heard in the streets and gardens of the town ; some of them , attracted by the light , took refuge in the cafes , others descended the chimnies . On the same nigh * ., a phenomenon most extraordinary , though not absolutely unprecedented , took place at Grenoble . On Saturday morning the thermometer fell
suddenly above thirteen degrees , and the barometer fell to the point marked storm . The firmament was loaded with a brown , thick , dusty-looking vapour , which produced almost complete darkness . The heavens retained this appearance without rain until the evening , accompanied by an oppressive heat and gusts of a southern wind , like the Italian sirocco at 11 at night , preceded by loud claps of thunder and terrific flashes of lightning , the rain began to pour and speedily assumed a voilence as though it menaced a deluge . The streets were filled with tiles , slates , and the debris of chimnies blswn down by | the force of the wind . Flocks of birds invaded the
houses , entering through doors and windows . The same storm was manifested on the same day at distant points , in the departments of La DrOme and Isere , and was accompanied by an extraordinary phenomenon , which the witness call showers of blood . The rain which fell left upon the clothing , the umbrellas , the leaves of trees , panes ot glass , &c ., reddish spots resembling blood . A bucket of this liquid was saved , and forwarded for analysis to a chemist at Lyons . An apothecary at Bourgoin is said to have examined the spots found on the leaves of plants , and found that it was composed of iron , silex , alumina , and carbonic acid .
Subscriptions had been opened in the offices of the Paris jimrnals in favor of the sufferers by the floods . The Orleans Railroad Company had subscribed 30 , 000 f ., the Journal des Debals 500 f . ; : but it is due to our facetious contemporary , the Charivari , to state , that it took on Saturday the initiative in this work of benevolence . The Presse announces that the Minister of Commerce had received the reports on the crops which he had demanded from the prefects , " Those reports , " it says , — Mention that the wheat crop wae in amount one-fifth inferior to that of ordinary years , but that the excellent quality of the grain reduced the deficit to one-tenth , France consume !) 60 , 000 , 000 hectolitres of wheat annually ; she consequently only requires C . 000 , 000 hectolitres to supiilv the deficiency , or a month ' s consumption .
We have more than once referred , but with extreme regret , to the sufferings of trade and of the population of Paris , and we lament to find our information more than corroborated by the papers before us . " Bankruptcies" says the Reforme , — Are of daily occurrence in Paris—petty merchants continue to shut up theirshops , the pawnbrokers' offices are besieged with applicants , the savings-banks will soon be empty , the hospitals are crowded , 115 , 000 indigent depend upon public charity in Paris , the prisons are full , and the winter will throw about 100 , 000 workmen out of employment—our prospects are indeed very snd .
The Paris papers of Monday contains further accounts of the destruction created by the inundation of the Loire , and other rivers in the middle and south of France . The quantity of property destroyed is immense , and the loss of life is supposee to be greater than tbe authorities choose to admit .. It was feared that the steamers on the Saone , which since the inundations had been the only means of communication for a portion of the country , would be suspended as the river had already reached an alarming height . It was reported at Lyons that nearly half the town of Briare had been destroyed .
SPAIN . The Gaceta of the 18 th contains the amnesty to political offenders the promulgation of which , on the same day , we have announced . It is preceded by a report to the Queen , signed by her Ministers , dated the lTth of October . The amnesty is stated to bo issued on the occasion of her Majesty ' s marriage , " which has Riven such pure delight to the whole nation , and afforded fresh guarantees of order , stability , and consolidation to the whole internal peace of the monarchy . " The royal decree , vouchsafing the amnesty , is sinned by M . Istwritz , and consists of seven articles . This vaunted act of generous clemency is a cruel insult and wanton mockery . Under the pompous language in which the Spanish ministry glories itself for this measure of clemency is concealed only a decree of continued incarceration and persecution acainst the victims of a long succession of struggles for liberty .
PORTUGAL . ANTI-ABSOLUTIST INSURRECTION . The Espectador ( Madrid paper ) of the 12 th has the following : — News has been received today that Oporto also pronounced , and the Duke de Terceira , who had been sent as Lord Lieutenant to the provinces of the north , was made prisoner . It is also said that in Oporto itself a Junta has been formed , with the title of " Provisional Regency , " under the Presidency of tha Conde das Antas . If this be correct ( as we arc assured ) , Bragn and other points will have risen , in the same manner as other towns and cities , such as Setubal and Cintra hare don- ; . As to Coimbra and Evora , the news is positive , and is known officially .
The ConstitutiotiQl states , that the reported arrest of the Duke of Terceira has been confirmed . The Count Das Apjas who commanded at Oporto , having been apprised of what was in contemplation , and summoned to Lisbon under pretence of suppressing ; a movement there , refused to obey , and when the Duke of Terceira disembarked , intesdin * to take command of the provinces of the north , the Count had him arrested and immediately conducted to prison . A provisional junta it is said was named , theforfeiterre of the Queen pronounced , and her ! son Don Pedro proclaimed kins with a council of regency . Coimbra , Evora , and Braga , adopted it is said , the eame course , which seemed likely to be followed by all the cities of the north .
PROGRESS OF THE INSURRECTION . The Mteional says : — " Accounts from Portugal r « . present the insurrection as making rapid progress . Coimbra and Braga have followed tha example of Oporfo . The official journal of Lisbon of the 13 th publishes a decree betraying the embarrassment and apprehoneion . s of the government . The officers and soldiers dismissed in 1842 , are recalled into service . Those who comply are promised reward , and those who refuse threatened with being treated as deserters . " A letter from Lisbon of the 18 th says : — " Tho official account of the insurrection of Oporto is jusi arrived .
The Dulse rte Terceira has been arrested and conh ' u'Kl ill thi ! tower of the fort . The junta of Oporto has proclaimed Dora Pedro V ., and declared the Queen excluded from the throne . The Marquis de Louie , who married the Inianta Donna Anns , has put himself at tbe head of the junta of Coimbra . The Count das Anta 3 presides over that of Oporto , There have been organised at Coimbra four battalions , which are to join with the forces of she province ofAvciro in marching upon the capital . All the steam-boata , belonging to pvivatu companies as well us to the state , have placed themselves at the disposal of the junta of Oporto . "
SWITZERLAND . Accounts from Berne report that the authorities have succeeded in checking further disturbances ; from all parts of the Canton assistance lias boen offered to the Government . Twelve hundred armed
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volunteers from the surrounding country have been placed at its disposal , bat the authorities had not seeen occasion to avail themselves of this force . The Courrier FranfaU Bays , "A . person , attached to the foreign office left Paris on Thursday for Vienna , charged to remit to M . deMetternich a plan of arrangement for the affairs of Switzerland , accordto bases already agreed on . "
REPORTED REVOLUTION IN BASLE . The intelligence which has been received from Switzerland removes all doubt of a movement at Basle similar to that which has taken p lace at Geneva . On the evening of the 20 th , the leaders of the radical party assembled at an inn about half a league from the city , to concert means to overturn the existing government , and to insure the triumph of their principles . Reports state that the reaulfc of their discussion was to overturn the existing government , to reduce the members of the lesser council from seventeen to ten , giving each an annual salary of £ 200 ; to extend electoral rights ; to dissolve the defensive alliance of the seven cantons : and to oppose the establishment of the Jesuits in Switzerland . The Conservatives also held a meeting at the Hotel des Trois Rois , but they seemed completely disorganised and paralysed . Letters from the frontiers
of Switzerland , dated the 22 nd , mention that the canton of Basle was in full revolt ; that the pavement of the streets had been torn up , that the great council had resigned , and that Bosle-ville and Baslecampagne would be formed into a single canton . At Bernd , tranquillity continued to the date of the latest accounts , ( 21 st . ) The concentration of the French troops on the Swiss frontier had attracted the attention of the authorities . The governments of the Cantons of Geneva and Vaud , were making military preparations ; that of Berne only waited the orders of the Vororfc . Meanwhile the farther disbanding of troops was deferred ; there were under arms there two battalions of infantry , each 1 , 200 strong ; three companies of carabineers ; three spua .-drons of cavalry ; and two batteries of artillery ; in all above 3 , 000 men . who head been reviewed on the 21 st by the director of military affairs , Colonel Ochseubcin .
ITALY . Letters from Italy , dated Bologna , 13 th inst ., bring reports of attempts made at Faenza by the retrogade party , secretly excited , it is said , by Austrian agents . On the 11 th , a partyof young people made an excursion from Faenza to a little provincial town in the neighbourhood , to celebrate the amnesty granted by his Holiness , by means of a fete . A party of brigands , of the largo , assembled meanwhile on the road to intercept and attack them on their return . A party of chasseurs , however , happened to approach the city by the same route , who , being mistaken for the revellers , were fired upon by the brigands , and two of whom were wounded . The Governor of Faenza learning this , called out tbe
gendarmes , who . it was found , however ,-were shut up in their barracks by order of their commander , who was himtelf nowhere to he found . The Swiss guards were then called out , who , aided by the inhabitants , attacked the brigands . The engagement lasted three hours , in which some were killed and many wounded on both sides . On the return of the party of young persens the prolpgate of Ravenna ordered out two pieces of artillery , and caused the largo to be occupied and put in a state of siege ; the brigades took refuge upon a mountain on the confines of Tuscany , This intelligence caused much agitation at Bologna , and through all Romagna . A general demand has been made to the government to replace the principal civil and military authorities by persons devoted to the Pope and to progress , and less likel . v to become instruments of Austria .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . SEIZURE AND ANNEXATION TO THE UNITED STATES OF NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA . The Boston packet-ship , George Washington , arrived at Liverpool on Saturday , bringing the intelligence of the taking of Santa Fe . The Western Mail had brought intelligence to New York stating that on the 18 th of August , General Kearney entered Santa Fe , and having hoisted the United States flag
from the national palace , proclaimed New Mexico in possession of the United States army , which is said to have been hailed with shouts of applause by the Mexican people . He administered the oath of allegiance to the Alcades of small towns and officers nf Santa Fe . He proclaimed himself Governor of New Mexico , and took quarters at the palace . Arraijo , with 4 , 000 troops , fled to Chihuahua , where report says strong resistance would be made by a large army . General Kearney was preparing to march , to Chihuahua .
It seems that General Kearney ' s division took formal possession of Santa Fe on the 18 th of August , after a march of fifty miles through a diffioulfc country , but without opposition . He had previously taken possession of the Mexican villages on his route . It was supposed he would soon despatch a force of 2000 men to California . The division under Gen . Taylor , on the Rio Grande , seems to encounter more difficulties . A battle was expected at Monte rey . ' where Gen . Taylor , with 7000 men . was expected to arrive about the 20 th of September . An advanced guard had encountered Mexican troops , and it is supposed that Mnnterey would be defended by a large force , well fortified , and commanded by Ainpiulia . By the arrival of the Great Western on Sunday , we have been put in possession of the
PROCLAMATION . To the inhabitants of New Mexico , by Brigadier General S , W . Kearney , commanding the troops of the United States in the same : — As by the act of the Republic of Mexico , a state of war existi between that Government and the United States , and as the undersigned , at the head of bis troops , on the 18 th inst ,, took possession of Santa Fe , the capital of the department of New Mexico , he now announces his intention to hold the department with it 3 original boundaries ( on both sides of the Del Norte ) as part of the United States , and under the name and territory of New Mexico .
The undersigned has come to New Mexico with a strong military force , and au equally strong one is following dose in his rear . He has more troops than necessary to put down any opposition that caa possibly be brought against him , and therefore it would be but folly or madness for any dissatisfied or discontented persons to think of resisting him . Tbe undersigned has instructions from his Government to respect tbe religiouB institutions of New Mexico , to protect the property of the Church , to cause the worship of those belong ing to it to be undisturbed , and their religious rights in the amplest manner preserved to them . '
Also , to protect the person and property of all quiet and peaceable inhabitants within its boundaries against their enemies , the Eutawg , Navshocs , and others , and while he assures all that it will be hit pleasure as well as his duty to comp ly with those instructions , he calls upon them to exert themselves in preserving order , in promoting concord , nnd in maintaining the authority and efficiency of the laws ; and to require of those who have left their homes and taken up arras against troops ; of the United States , to return forthwith to them , or else they will be considered as enemies and traitors , subjecting their persons to punish-uent , and their property to seizure and confiscation , for the benefit of tho public Treasury .
It is the intention of the United States to provide for New Mexico a free government with the least possible delay , similar to those in the United States , and the people of New Mexico will then be called on to exercise the rights of freedom in electing their own representatives to the territorial legislature , hut until this can be done the laws hitherto in existence will be continued until changed or modified by competent nuthority , and those persons holding offiee will contniue in the same for the present , provided they will cousider themselves good citizens and willing to take the oath of allegiance to tbo United States , The undersigned hereby absolves all persons residing within the boundary of New Mexico , from foreign allegiance to the Republic of Mexico ,, and hereby claims them as citizens of the United States . Those who remain quiet and peaceable will be considered as good citizens , and receive protection .
Those who are found in arms , or instigating others , ajrninst the United States , will be considered as traitors , and treated accordingly . Don Manual Arruijo , the late Governor of this department , has fled from it . The undersigned has taken possession of it without firing a gun or spilling a drop of blood , in which he most truly rejoices , and for the present will be considered a Governor of the territory . Given at Sonta Fe , the capital of the territory of New Mexico , this 32 iid day of August , 1846 , and in die seventyfirst year of the independence of the United States . \ i ¦ ¦* - """" By the Governor , Commander Sloat , on taking Monterey in Californio , had issued a proclamation , from which , we give the following extract : —
The Central Government of Mexico having commenced hostilities against the United Stutes of America , by invading its territory , and attacking the troops of the United States , stationed at the north side of the Rio Grande , with a force of seven thousand men , under the command of General Arista , which army was totally destroyed , and all their artillery , baggage , &c , captured , on the 8 th and 3 Hi of May last , by a force of two thousand three hundred men , under the command of General Taylor , and tlio city of Matamoras taken and occupied by the forces of the United States .
The two nations being actually at war by tins transaction , I shall hoist the standard of the United States at Monterey immediately , and shall carry throughout California .
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• xtended to them as to any other State of the Union they will also enjoy a permanent Government , undo 1 " which life , property , and the constitutional rights and lawful security to worship the Creator in a way most congenial to each one ' s s" ; nse of duty , will be secure ; which , unfortunately , the Central Government of Mexico cannot afford them , destroyed as her resources are by internal factions ami corrupt officers who create constunt revolutions to promote their own interests , and oppr . ss the people . Under the flay of the United States , California will be Iree from all such troubles ana ex . penses , consequentl y the country will rapidly advance atld impl-ove , both in agriculture and commerce , as of course the revenue laws will be the same in California as in all other parts of the United States , affording them all manufactures and produce of the United States , free from any duty , and all foreign goods at one quarter of
the duty they now pay . A great increase in the -value of real estate , and the products of California , mayrea-Bonably be expected . The executive at Washington were making strenuous exertions for pushing the war in Mexico both by sea and land . Orders had been forwarded to General Taylor , directing him , in case he had aot anticipated the instructions , to hasten his advance , and take possession of Monterey with all possible expedition , and having furtifiid the city , ami left a sufficient garrison tor the protection of hospitals , stores , &c ., t » march forward upon Saltillo , and to continue his progress onward till his advance waa countermanded . He was instructed to levy his supplies upon the country , but to guard rigidly against the infliction of personal dignities on the inhabitants , and tbe unauthorised invasion of their private bouses . We take the following from the New York Daily Globe of September the 25 th : —
ROBERT OWEN . The following from the pen of Robert Owen will tie read with interest by every friend of humanity , no matter in what clime destiny may have given him birth * Mr , Owen 16 a man of enlarged mind , liberal principles , and unbounded charity . His whole life hus been one of patient and determined perscvei-ence In the pursuit o £ truth , and when he believeB he has discovered it , he avails himself of every opportunity to promulgate it in every part of the civilised world , regardless ef expense and personal sacrifice . Thousands have received the benefit of his philanthropy , and may we not hope that in future ages millions will reap the reward of his zealous and indefatigable labours in endeavouring to eradicate the evils of the social system ?
Disunion and Union—Tho Disadvantages of the former to all—The Advantages of the latter to all , and the necessity fur the introduction of the principles which will make Union universal for the permanent benefit of all . Hitherto the principles nhioh necessarily divide man from man , and nation from nation , have been applied to form the charactcr ' - 'of , and to govern , the human race . These are the principles of error and e 7 il , which have produced tho laws of men , from which directly emanate hatred , discord , crime , violence , wars and massacres .. These principles and practices nra directly opposed to the peace , progress , well being , and happiness of man . ; ¦
The time has arrived , in the due order of nature , for ; . < these principles and practices of universal error and evil to be uprooted from tlu-ir lowest foundations and for fiver abandoned , as the greatest bane to society , nnd to the happiness of every inriividwil . Disunion now destroys the pence of families and nations , but when the principles which create disunion shall be . superseded by those which can alone cri-ute union , men will become coi ' . scious of the incalculable blessings which these principles will secure for their race . As the principles which ereate repulsion and disunion , have created opposing rclujions , opinions and feelings ,.
and now maintain different languages and contending ; interests , and have divided the race , into classes , sects , parties and nations , to the deep injury of all , of every class , 6 ect , party and country , the principles which can alone create attraction and union will unite our race ultimately in one religion , one language , one class one - party and one nation , in which a variety of opinions , seeking after new truths , will never produce anger ,, hatred , er opposing feelings , but will create one unchanging desire to promote cordially thehappiness , not only of the human family , of . every fellow-being , so far as it may be compatible with the well-being of man .
But the union of men and nations can never be fcttained under the existing erroneous system of the world ; . erroneous in principle and practice , through every department and ramification of society . Admitted that the United States government , tbe last formed , aided by all the experience of the past , is the least erroneous in principle ; yet its practices are little better than former governments ; and in some respects . worse than the best of them . The principles , which are eternally true to the theory of the goverment of the United States , are " EQUALRIGHTS AND A JUST PRACTICAL EQUALITY
AMONG A . LL ITS CITIZENS ACCORDING TO THEIR AGE . " But in consequence of PRACTICE of this government being , in fact , based on the erronsous laws of . men instead of the wise laws , most beneficent and un * changing laws of God , equal rightB and & ju ? t practical equality according to age , » re not to be foun < l , or any- - thing approaching to them in any one State of the Union ,. It is , howover , most -fortunate that the fundamentaltheory of the United States Government is bo correctly true , and that the federative principle , although so im- - perfectly applied , has been adopted in practice . Fortunately , because the theory of ' Equal Rights , " and a just "Equality" with the principle of " Federation" perfectlyapplied topractice , will give to the present and all future generations , a new system of government that will ensure - the well-doing , well . brim :, and happiness of all .
The perfect federative system will in practice , secure Equal Rights and a just equality for all . It can be made " to take especial continued care , from birth to death , of each citizen , and cordially to unite in one interest and one attached brotherheod , the entire population of one hemisphere first , and afterwards of the world . By union emanating directl y from the laws of God , . and producing in practice " equal rights and a just ¦ equality , " the population of this hemisphere may be , through the self-interest of each individual , as well as from the highest motives of humanity , federatively
united , so as to insure its permanent peace , progressive prosperity , terminate crime , reduce evil and human suffering almost to annihilation , and make all rational and as happy as limited life , when well educated , trained , employed and placed , can be made to become . Nor need this state of felicity be long withheld , even fromthamillions ; all the materials exist in abundance , and the discovery has now been made , how to combine these materials in such a manner as permanently and cor- - dially to unite the human race as one rational , well educrted family , each striving to ensure the happiness of the others . Robert Owen . Victoria packet-ship , Sept . 1 , 1816 .
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has been liberated by the Danish government , arrived at Kiel on the evening of the 17 th . Tne whole--population streamed out to meet him at the railway terminus , and the town was brilliantly illuminated . Public tranquillity was not disturbed . Poses , Oct . 10 . —In consequence of the late conspiracy ef the Polish nobility , the use of the hmguage in ihe Roman Catholic Gymnasia of our province ia restricted . According . to a Ministerial rescript which has been put in force since Michaelmas , the-German language is to be employed in teaching the Gymnasia of Irzemestanoand Ostfowua in the fourth classes , whereas formerly- it commenced at the second .
Double Murder . —At Valenciennes , in the evening of the 20 th instant , the inhabitants were alarmed by a double report of fire arms , and on going out to learn the cause they found M . Cossiaux , a baker , in . a state of distraction pointing to the parlour behind the shop . On entering the neighbours found Madame Cossiaux and their journeyman , Louis Boquefc , lying on the floor , each of their heads dreadfully wounded . Madame Cossiaux was quite dead , and Boquet expired in a few minutes afterwards . The account given by M . Cois ? aux was , that being at a
public house , his man came in and after drinking a glass together they went home to supper . Coissaux . went down to the cellar to draw some beer . and when ko returned to the room he found the horrid spectacle . The only conjecture that has as yet been formed of the cause of this catastrophe is , that Madame Coissaux , who kept the accounts of the business , had discovered that Boquet , who was of very irregular habits , had been guilty of some peculiation , and threatened to inform his master , and in revenge the villain killed his mistress and then destroyed himself to prevent his public exposure and
punishment . A Riot , arising out of the high price of corn , took place last week at Hennebon , near Lorient . The populace attempted to prevent toe departure of two vessels laden with corn , and would probably have plundered them , but for the arrival of some troops . Several of the rioters were arrested , Robbery and Attempted Murder in Cheshire . Mr . Thomas M'Gill , a travelling draper , was shot in the head and then robbed of two £ 20 Bank of England notes , twofo notes , £ 1 S in gold , and from £ 3 to £ 4 in silver , and a £ 10 Bank of England note ,
total iba , by a man named John Wright , who , after robbing him , attempted to drag him to a brook , no doubt with the intention of drowning him , but was prevented from effecting his purpose by some men , who were working in an adjoining field , near to the high road , at Tabley , Cheshire . Wright is wellknown by Mr . M'Gill , having been formerly in the same business as a Scotch traveller . He met him near Tabley , and entered into conversation with , him , and shortly after stopped until Mr . M <** .- « . passed on , when tho re port of a pistolwas heard , ariaMga * M'Gill fell . Wright then rilled his pockets , but ^ " 1 some labourers coming from a field , he atterwarpa ^^ - made off . A ^ yE ? Mr . Boddington , jun ., of Vervcirs , aad se # afc / : / f ; f DeliMiin workmen , have left forlsmud . in Tufiw&k ,, ^ whore they will be employed in a large cloth ni 4 pS \/ ^ p factory wliicli has been established there . ^ ji J ffiSSv ., 1 ,- ^ :
Yjijludein V*T *W-X»R. ^^^^^^^ -Fottfgn Ihobfment& Oc V .
yjijlUDEin v * t * w-x » r . ^^^^^^^ -fottfgn iHobfment& Oc v .
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says : _ " We have received accounts from flamburg of the 21 st . The anniversary of the battle of Leipsii , which iscelebrated every year , ( pet . 18 th ) served on this occasion for a manifestation iu favour of Hol-> teinand against the retrogade tendency of some of the governments . More than S 00 persons were assembled in a riding school , magnificently decorated , as there was no room lart'e enough in Hamburg . Several toasts wow proposed to the union of nations the internal progress and independence of Germany , to Scbleswig-llolstein , and the liberty of the press and of commerce . But the toast most enthusiastically received was that to England aud France , as the most ardent and enlightened champ ions of liberty . This toast was followed by the ' . Marseillaise . ' Xomle Conduct of the Pope . — A letter from Rome , states that about a fortnight ago , a man was arrested there whilst distributin < r clandestinely a
pamphlet , entitle 1 Ilisiory oi Pius IX ., the enemy of religion , and chief of young Italy . " When the Pope heard of the arrest , lie ordered * the ma : i to bu brought before him . After interrogating the offende * r in a kind manner , the Pope said , " As yeur fault only affect * myself , I pardon you . " The man , deeply affected , fell at the feet of the Pope , and offered to reveal the names of the authors of the pamphlet , but the Pope refuse' ] to hear it , and said , " Let their fault be buried in silence , and may repentauce touch their hearts . "
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I declare to the inhabitants of Citlitortiiii , that although I come in arms , with a powerful force , I do not come among them us an cnuuy to California , but on the contrary , I come as their best friend , as henceforward California will be a portion of the United States , and its peaceable inhabitants will enjoy the same rights ami privileges as the citizens of nny other portion of that nation , with all tho rights and privileges they now enjoy ; together with the privilege of choosing their oivn magistrates , nnd other officers , for the administration of jus tice among themselvoe , and tho same protection shall be I
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o tO 4 ft THE NORTHERN STAR . f .... . tober 311845 ¦¦ ¦ ¦ . ' ' ' " ' ''' ' ' [ ' - ¦ '"' _ _ ij
Pn.Tebvttt- On Natio.Vs. — The Conslitutionnel
Pn . TEBvtTT- on Natio . vs . — The Conslitutionnel
Denmark..—Kiel, Oct. 1*1.—M. Oeshausen, - Who
Denmark .. —Kiel , Oct . 1 * 1 . —M . Oeshausen , - who
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 31, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1390/page/7/
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