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f "" THE SPIRIT OF KONASSKL- - , T » . > foIloiril > & is an Englhh posm read by Captain *¦ im StoUnian , { at the request of the Poeti ) at the &" tb Anni TewaI 3 ' oftne PoI *« l » Kevolution of 1830 , ^ "fagtl , of ^ oierobar , 18 * 6 , at tlie Bedford Arms o oi Charlotte Street , Bedford Square . ] ^ ste" " , tT who TOleUl «•** & and &J " ear th of his , * " his J * w <> f 3 n ^ y > ^ deed and » acrifice , abr onr nation ' s mar tjrdom , our exiled hopes and Po land ye * shall rise again and trample down her foes-Sotfeskfr helmed crown , by Eoidnsko ' s sword , ri , e old Slavonian glory , and by our proud record 5 ar tvr-lie « ' l > y the cross , the death we endure . yh tttsaBS nwj seal the tomb , the resurrection ' s sore . _ -vrarsaw and \ sy Wilna , by the dungeon and the " **«*•• .. .. or toie > trtftson . exile , onr spirits cannot qmike : J ? r poland shall bo free , be one ; her triumph is not far , S fcose mot hers teach their babes to pray to God sgainst the Tsar . 3 jonr ae » p memories of wrong . by altwehopeor dare » 'svr With in God incarnated in action erery where , ^ aailj thong lKs , and nightly dreams , by lifulong reso" inte rtill , « j , a oer er-tired enaeavonr—God ' s vengeance to fulfil . « the holy bond of peoples , by the many ' giinst tht few , jT humanity and progress , by onr trust in God—thetrne , j « the thorny wreath , the shame , the scourge , by the hope that understands , p . the giant of the future , the misgovern'd of all lands , 3 j the scoundrel Courts of Europe , diplomatising right , . - jy the Austrian Assassin—aye ! by the Muscovite ; jt France and England ' s "justt-milieu , " and infamy of trade ; ffe h ave iirern our Poland shall be free , it cannot be unsaid .
By Praga , and by Spielberg , and the far Siberian " graves , > execrable aoom " en foot to the agon ; that
craves Some mitigation , by the flames pour'd in the Icnouted back , £ j the fierce mental spasms and the corporeal rack . By our Apostalate of Pain , by the Ashes of the Dead , -Jj Poland , and by God , —the arrowy doom is sped ; Ajel Sooner shall the shadow on the dial travel back , -Than Fate retrace her prophecy of Poland's glorytrack * And Wilna -was his altar ; even Russian gaolers there Cors'd the barbarian epaulettes : —O God ! fulfil our prayer ; 0 Godl to thy martyr ' s memory nphnild the only tomb—His Nation ' s freedom !— "We await the promise of thj doom . W . I . L .
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TAITS EDINBURGH MAGAZINE . —December . Edinburgh : W . Tait , Prince ' s Street . London Simpkins , Marshall , and Co . As usual , the political article of this magazine Is the worst in the number ; the other contents are , however , interesting , and some of them more than usually so . Mrs . Gore ' s story of " Temptation and Atonement" is concluded . The poems of Franz Dingelstedt , a poet belonging to the "Young Germany" party , an exile from Hesse Cassel , are noticed at considerable Ieimth . and very favourably . "
Difficulties of a Theory of Husband-catching , ' is a pleasant article directed against the ambition for display , and the desire of luxury , which so largely enters into -the composition of the modern English society . The concluding volumes of " Lord Nelson ' s Letters and Despatches" are reviewed at great length . The re-Tiewer truly describes Nelson as "the greatest of Eag land ' s naval commanders , and the only one of the number in whom were united the bold , chivalrous spirit of the northern sea-kinpr , with the consummate skill of the modern tactician . "
The day 3 of " political economy" appear to be numbered . The defection of the Hornino Chronicle , the now great champion of the small farm , or rather , unall landed proprietary system , has b ? en followed by the desertion of Tait , now ranged on the side of common sense , and common juBtice . Three remarkable articles are contained in this number well deserving the attention of our readers , who we hope iri ] l make il their business to peruse them . The first of the articles we allude to is entitled " Letters from the West of Ireland , " in which the writer admirably shows up some of the acts of besotted tyranny which have procured ; for fhe Irish landlords a world-wide infamy . The miserable poverty too of many of the Irish landlords is a curse on the land with which they are connected . Their estates mortgaged , thev
are mere receivers of rent for absentee usurers , who reside in London or on the continent . These Shylocks ( the mortgagees , &c . ) intent only on their plunder , will abate not one jot of their demand , and consequently the unhappy tenantry are subjected to the most grinding oppression . The consequence is that "The rights of property in Ireland have not been in greater jeopardy than they are at this moment , since the great Cromwell confiscation . " Something must be done at once ( says the writer in Tail ) . "for the people are notjnst in a humour to see all the corn and the cattle taken out of the country and sttLrre . " More power to them ! The second of these articles is on " Celtic Tenures and Highland Clearings ; " the p rincipal object of -which is to show that , whereas the Highlanders of
Scotland are as distinct a race from the Lowlanders , as the Japanese from the Dutch , and possess customs saving with them all the foree of law , they have , notwithstanding , been subjected to Lowland law , for the purpose of plundering them of their landed rights , for the advantage of their merciless and infamous landlords . The writer shows that feudalism and danian were two widely different systems . Under the former system the Lowland and English tillers of the soil were mere serfs or slaves , who were merely permitted to cultivate the ground as a privilege granted to them by the baron ; under the system of cknism , the chief was regarded not as the proprietor of the land , but merely as the leader of the people . The Highland chief might be a tyrant , despotic and cruel to bis followers , but he could not drive
them off the land . Within the last fifty years , howerer , the Highland people have been driven from their homes by fire and sword , backed by "the law , and deprived of the lands which themselves and tieir ancestors had held for centuries ; and which were theirs , not only in every sense which justice can admit of . but aUo theirs in right of law—the law which had governed them for centuries , the custom of their country and race . The great Sutherland clearings are died as a signal example of the outrages to which the Highlanders have been subjected . Tma article in many respects excellent , is in others very faulty ; for instance , the writer asserts , that "the sheep-farming system has been advan * iageons to the community at large , as well as a great gain to the Highland landlords . " The direct reverse of this has been proved beyond dispute by the "Times Commissioner . " llis coroparision of the
two counties of Caithness and Sutherland must be fresh in the recollection of our readers , who will remember that he proved the immense superiority of the former over the latter , not only as regards the number and condition of the population , but also ia every other respect , save owe , that Sutherland was naturally the richest county of the two ; in spite of which , thanksto the sheep-farming system , it had miserably degenerated by the side of the better managed « onnty . The writer of the article va Tad sav 3 , "that though we think a system of adjustment Of rights ought to have , been adopted before the clearings commenced , we think it would now be toslate . " We don't , better late than never ; the sooner the " adjustment" begins , the better . Ihe writer in Tait thinks that the only remedy for the evil now is " a stringent app lication of the Poor Law ; ttmuelline Hiehland proprietors to provide for the
surplus population . " We think a much better remedy would be to restore to the people the land plundered from them ; and we are persuaded that as soon as a Parliament assembles in bt . Stephen ' s , faithfully representing the people , such a restoration will be enforced , and Sutherland and his fellow robbers will be compelled to disgorge . . We now come to the third , and by far the most remarkable of the "three articles , " the one on The Law of Primogeniture . " We request the attention Of our readers to the following extract : —
The first glance at the composition of society in England discovers a fearful inequality of conditions . The most sumptuous luxury and the most squalid misery ° « tt the eve at everv step in our great cities . In no European country , excepting Kn 58 ' ' ibm t 0 be seen » much wealth in the vicinity of such wretched poverty * was this alarming aspect of onr society that led Anjoia to despair of the fatere destinies of England . * is an evil that is increasing day by day , as manufac lases are developed and small ferms amalgamated to-«« aitr . CapitalistB are numerous , aud money is often a bug in the market .- vet pauperism abounds , and the
k bonrer can barely obtain lie necessaries of We . in er « yproftss 5 on , trade , or occupation , there *• " >< " ** - ^ tlnuBE pressure of competition . The supply of labour , " ¦ aether mental « physical , man ifestly is greater than % atnis , iid . c Political economists profess to point out the sources of nwo ud wealth , the accumulation of which is their test * ^ prcperit , ofanation . The lappmeSBOf apeople , ^» S fronTtheirwcial well-being , enter , not mto their ^ twnplation . Tried by the former standard , England f ^ as pre-eminent ; but if by the latter , sherartsbe-V—7 « f the continental nates . If *»«««>» £ ^ nd ohject of nations , as it is of'ta&ntotiM . then ** 9 » ten « are the btst adapted to obua that result ,
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^^^^^ ^^ w ^ u Thewant of free trade could not aeeonnt for this-for trade on the Continent fa more restricted thau itbas ' ever been with us . 1 Free trade alone , although it will greatly , will not wr- 1 wanenfty , benefit the nmg of the labouring population because the supply of labour will speedily exceed the " increased demand , whatever that may be assumed to be , ' and reduce wages in proportion to the reduction of the ] various art , cle » of subsistence . We , however , conceive ' it to be a great boon to tne wealthy classes and capable The WAIlt nf free trAlta nniilA nn » <\***~~ l # . _ * % . -
, of becoming one to the whole nation , if connected witl a distribution of landed property , which would incvi taWy follow from a repeal of the laws relating to entail Population , under the most favourable circumstances will doubtless press upon the means of subsistence ; bu the operation of this law of nature may be ameliorate ( by provident arrangements . To induce habits of fore thought and a hi gh standing of living amongst the people is , we maintain , the only mode of permanently sucurinj their temporal happiness and well-being , as it is th < only practical method of checking their too rapid in
crease . It is a great and vulgar error to confound notional prosperity and national , happiness . The distribution ra . ttaer than the amount of wealth among a people , contri . butes principally to geneanl happiness . There can be no doubt that our country has added to its riches during the present century ; but it is very clear that the well-being of the bnlk of the community has not increased in a corresponding ratio . The returns of the Income Tax prove an immense advance in the national wealth since the conclusion of the war . Nevertheless , the condition of the labourer has deteriorated ; while that of the capi . talist has improved . Between capital and labour there is a great gulf fixed , and while the one ascends in the social scale , the course of the other is oue continued dispsnt .
Reader , mark this : —Luxury and misery are increasing day by day , " as manufactures are developed and small farms amalgamate together . " " The want of Free Trade could not account for this . " " Free Trade alone , although it will greatly , will not permanently benefit the mo 9 t of the labiurins population ; because the supply of labour will speedily exceed the demand , and reduce wages in proportion to the reduction of the various articles of subsistence . " Very true friend Tait ; as Southey says " these are truths and weighty ones ; " but why , when fer seven
years the Chartists advanced such arguments against the fallacies of the free-traders , why had they nnt then the support of Tail ? Why did Tait then month after month denounce the Chartists as " impracticables , " " public disturbers . " and "Tory tools ? " The writer in Tait says " In producing the present state of things , we , without hesitation , declare the law of Primogeniture to be the principal a ; ent . " He contends for its repeal and predicts the good that must follow ; ia support of his argument he refers to the past and present condition of FrAnCfc : —
Look at France , at the period of the Revolution , and at the present day . In 1789 France was rotten to the core . Governed by the creatures of an imbecile monarcR , the nation groaned uader the despotism , without the glory , of former reign . The aristocratical principle of primogeniture was in fall force , and the land was consequently in the possession of a small section of the people . Large farms were the result ; and under that boasted system , the soil of France , barely maintained her population , amounting at that time to twenty-fire millions . By the last returns the French people exceed thirty-three millions , and , never , theless , the supply of food is fully equal to the demand ,
France is , beyond all question , more prosperous at this moment than at any former period of her history . The imports published by official authority show how superior is the present to the former state of her people , two-third » of whom are now employed in the cultivation of the land . This happy result has been chiefly obtained by the subdivision of the large estates , and the greater attention shown to the culture of the small farms in which they are now divided . The serf has become in many in . stances the owner of the soil , for tilling which he formerly was hired . His own personal interests are now affected by the produce of the land . He no longer toils for wages and the profit of another man , but for his own direct and immediate advantage .
The following should be read and reiterated whereevertlie people assemble in workshops , or public meetings : — Our present agricultural and manufacturing systems are rapidlj driving all competence , or , in other words , all small capitals out of the field : and . in the process of time , we shall have no middle class , properly so called , nothing but lords and serfs , great capitalists and paupers . This is an evil that seems to belong to the manufacturing system , and for that reason we should guard against becoming mere manufacturers—the journeymen of Enrope . With all our love of free trade , we cannot disguise from ourselves the couviction , that society , in an exclusively manufacturing people , is liable to subdivision into masters and woikmen , cotton lords and
operatives . We cannot easily reach the seat of this social evil ; because the rich man , who can afford to wait far his profits , must always overcome the competition of the comparatively small capitalists , whose wants are urgent , and admit of no delay . But , in agriculture , the C 3 ? e is widely different . The small landed proprietor can successfully compete with the capitalist , because his returns are immediate . Keither in France nor in Tuscany , Switzerland , or Belgium , do we find large farmers driving small ones out of the market . By a system of cc-operation , the humble proprietors of land can purchase or hire any expensive machinery for the proper culture and draining of their farms . In Tuscany
oneh 3 lf of the population consists of the families of landed proprietors , living on their own agricultural produce . In Prance two-thirds of the nation are employed on the soil ; and the owners and cultivators of land being nearly equal in social position , and frequently identical , the necessary result is , that society presents no immense chasms as in England . You rarely see there , or in any country where the land is subdivided by the equal suecession of children to the property of their parents , one many rolling in luxury ' and surrounded by a swarm of laoourers , -who have nothing but iheir daily bread , and little of that . An estated gentleman is a rarity in France or Switzerland , but , on the other hand , deep , degrading poverty is still more rare .
Here is an answer to the knaves and fools , who pointing to Ireland , confound the small tenant with the small proprietsr—two very different classes : — The positiona of the small tenant , and small proprietor , are totally different ; and yet it has been too much the custom to confound these two classes . The unhappy condition of the Irish people is often referred to the subdivision of farms , which , for political aad other purpoaea has taken place here . Now the truth is , that in Ireland there are only nine thousand landed proprietors in a population exceeding eight millions , Protestant ascen . dency has there co-operated with the law of primogeniture , in throwing the land into the hands of , Comparatively speaking , a few individuals . Here fa a " silencer" for the 'over-population '' moutnere : —
We are gravely toW , that one source of our distress arises from over-population . No donbt the people are too numerous under the present feudal system ; but how would the case stand , if , by the abolition of the law of primogeniture , the land of the country was gradually subdivided into small properties ! Have we not a right to conclude that here , as in France , the soil , by more careful husbandry , and more general culture , would produce sufficient to maintain a population far more numerous than oura is at present ! If France now supports in comfort and plenty , a population exceeding by one-third the number of her people in 1789 , by means of the equal division of the land , why shonld not our country be rendered capable of maintaining a similar ratio of numerical increase « - Until we have imitated the French in this respect , it is somewhat premature to talk of emigration on a large scale , of sending our people by thousands to Canada or Sew Zealand . Let them go when there is a real necessity , not a factitious one , as at the present time . Sufficient for the day is the evil thereof .
Of course Chartism is noticed : — The disturbances in the manufacturing districts in 1842 ma ; be traced , in a great degree , to the general sentiment than prevalent , —that the labour of the working man is not sufficiently remunerated , in a system which labour has accumulated for the benefit of capitalists . Chartism is but the expression of the growing discontent among the masses , at the indifference entertained by the higher claBses for the welfare of the lower . Chartism is a higher manifestation ef the mind of the " million" than the writer in Tait imagines ; but let that pass . The article on the whole is excellent . Reprinted as a tract , with a few notes from a Chartist pen . the article in Tatt might be circulated amongst the people , and , we are confident , would be productive of the best possible results . For this anti-Primogeniture article we will wish Tatt a happy new year . "
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SIMMOKD'S CO LONIAL MACAZ 1 NE . Decbuber London ; Simmends and Ward , Barge Yard , ThifS b ^ contains several articles worthy the attentive perusal , and serieus consi deration of the &fcr 5 SStr " « : ff = yjnB S&ffi ^^ S £ 5 "» 3 theLmtedStates , * Sute 8 ; » « Position aad SSsr t £ £ & £ , <; - / saws M caa-JTB 3 ? i- * ar we ghe tbe following MUM « f " » " «'_ _ . . „_
sfsrsr .-sr-araas ssateissi'SKsa KSp « . Shehagloiionetoom outof tbe uPper , aw , fnd her clothing was English print , with a native mat toown loosely over her shoulders . When a girl she » Raid to have been very attractive ; so much io , mat a CaUtaiU Ofa merchant offered her relations *™ »> II 0 MJ [ oKlowed « o marry her . She has been well ^ educated bv the missionaries , she is her husband ' s secretary , writes all bis letters—in fact she is , there can be no Question , a sup erior woman for a native . I n ^ her M . taxniDg from chuicbon a Buudsj ^ w fceMffM Plain ,
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but her tout-entariMe »' picture of neatn « M , She had n Testament in oae hano . / while the other held an umbrella , with which she sheltered herself from the heat of the sun . At the time of my visit to her house she was bath ing her swollen chin wiih-rntij , I asked her if she drank it ; she said no , she did not , Bat fhst it relieved the pain of her chin , though she much disliked the smell of it . Strange it is that although the writer telfe MS many things of what Heki said and did , he gives not a word describing this formidable chief—the Wallace of his country ; with whom we unhesitatingly express our sympathy , although we must deplore the sacrificeof life in what must prove a vain struggle for the natives , and . which , while it lasts , inflicts much suf-- , > ,. , ; -. .
fering en our own countrymen . Mr . Hooten concludes in this number his very interesting " Rides , Rambles , and Sketches in Texas . " The great object of Mr . H . ' s articles has been "by the detail ot abundant facts , gathered from a woful experience in the persons of tbe dying , the dead , the shattered in constitution , the ruined , and the disappointed , " to warn the English people against being misled by shameless writers and unprincipled agents into leaving their nativo country for that " burning wild , " that den of" lurking savages , reckless outcasts and fell diseases "—Texas . Mr . Hooten has well proved his case , and for the signal service he has dono by exposing the truth where so much falsehood previoush abounded , we thank him .
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. THE ALMANACK OF THE MONTH - Nos . 11 and 12 . London : Punch Office , 85 , Fleetstreet . We are sorry ta announce the conclusion of this publication . The reason assigned is , that the editor ( G . A . aBecket ) is connected with as many other works as he can devote time to . The editor adds , " The pain of parting is considerably alleviated by the knowledge , that if we do not meet our readers in this shape , we do in some two or three others ; and we may . perhaps , have more time to spend with them alto g ether , by not having to run away , as it were , to change our dress so frequently . " The two numbers before us are as full of fun as " an egg ' s full of meat . "
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DOUGLAS JERROLD'S SHILLING MAGAZINE . Noyrmber , December , London ; Pui ' M Office , 85 , Fleet Street . As Gilbert a Beckett confesses it has been with him , so we fear it is with Douglas Jerrold , he has " too many irons in the fire ; " and hence is not fully aware of the contents of his magazine previous to its publication . Surely the Editor would not have allowed the article , " Time versus Labour , " in the November number to have ^ dispraced his magazinp , had he seen it in manuscript . The thing pretends to be an argument against the Ten Hours' Bill , the agitation for which is represented as enmity against the ministry and manufacturers . The miserable " argument" is that "wemust first have cheap bread and
commerce free ; the market of the world for our woollens and our cottons , and then &c , &o .. &c . Why , the fool , have we not "cheap bread" and " commerce free , " as much as ( we ever shall have ? But it is a mere waste of ink to answer an ignoramus who represents a body of wretched weavers making speeches and petitioning against a Ten Hours' Bill ! We hope that , for the sake of his own character , Douglas Jerrold will look sharp after bis contributors , and allow no more rubbish of E . M . ' s to be published under the sanction of his name . Angus Reach terribly cuts [ up the old feudal freebooters . "It is a pretty patent fact , that not a few of the ' great old families ' of England would be , at this present moment , ' great old families' in Norfolk Island , had an effective system of metropolitan and detective police existed in the times of their founders—the Burkefamented days of chivalry , " Very true , but Angus
Reach prrceeda to laud the profitmongers of the present day at the expense of their aristocratic predecessors ; thus "The merchant , now-a- days , enters upon a speculation — the feudal gentleman , rode a foray : he of the counting-house has dealings with otler counting-houses— he of the castle had dealings Jwith other castles ; but they were confined in most cases to the pillaging line of business . The man of the ledger collects his debts—the man of the lance gathered in his black mail . " All this is mighty fine , but tbe difference between the two is more seeming than real . A . Reach quotes approvingly the profit-monger ' s motto , "Buy in the cheapest market , sell in the dearest ; " but " buy in the cheapest market , " means rob tie producer of his wages ; " sell in the dearest market , " means cheat the consumer of his money . Really it appears to us that it may be truly said of both classes— " tanta-ra-rara , rogues all !"
In 'these numbers we have continuations of the Editor ' s story of " St . Giles and St . James , " containing many Jerrold gems . "The advance of the Masses ; " "Social Barbarisms ; " "Night Fair in Alexandria : " and some other articles aro worthy of commendation . On the other hand , there are some specimens of philanthropic twaddle , of which " Divimty ' Jrom Rags" may be taken as a sample , not . worth the room they occupy . We give the following lines from the December number , not very confident that they will be found readable in the south , although they cannot fail to be appreciated in the far north : —
JUSTICE . —A REVEKIE . BT WILLIAM TBOM . Ance wild in woods wi' blither brute , Men hunted day by day ; An' reive , r . V fell and fii rce dispute , The wolf's half-worried prey . Then roughest ruggers ruled the fray , Fouk ann'd nae ithernaicht ; An' Justice daur'd nocht word to say , But noo and than " Guid nicht !" An' sleepit syne . Bauld man grew bigger and got breeks ,
An' hauld their huts thegither ; Syne cultivated kail and leeks , An' ate nae ane anither . The heart leant brither-like to brither—Love ruled wi' little fyke ; An' lasses lauchiu ' , tauld their mither That they " be't do the like , " An'buckled syne . Aye , lighter , aye—ilk glimmer threw A britcher gleam beyon' it ; Frae hole * to huts , huts houses grew , Man shaved an' wore a bonnet ; The guden-ife wi' tic power enthronat , An' bairnie on her knee ; Whilk aha could either seaul or scone It , Just as the case micht be .
An' daut it syne . Ane hunder years , an' mair than that , Had drousy Justice snor'd ; Till fouk in verj peace grew fat , In very easdom smor'd . At last an' lang , wi' ae accord , Upon a snmmer night , They loudly on the lady roar'd , Wha wauken'd in a fright . An' wonnert syne . Ths dosen'd goddess e ' ed the fouk , An' fairlied at their furj ; Glour'd wi' a face as braid ' s our clock At bonnie Inverury . " What would ye noo , ye sons o' muck Wha reive me o' my sle « pi « ' ? May ha'f the marl ' s unholy luck Fas t haud ye in its keepin ' , An' rot ye syne ! *'
A stark , auld man , toom , dour , an' thin , Stood talesman by the " vote , " His banes stared 'neatli his withet'd skin , An time bad bored liis coat . 11 Our kirk , " quoth he , " endures a spot Upon her fair repute , An' water winna wash the blot , Nor Gospel wring it out , Its sickar syne . " Our fa ' en guides bae rackt an' rung An' pouchM the slave-won plnck ; In very kernal Conscience flung , An ' wail'd , "Fie ! send it back . " TVe'llgie on earth our wealth—our wrack , We'll gar our bairns gang duddy ; Ere we connive wi' heathen Black , ^ God send ilk wight a wuddy !
An' hang 'im syne . Now merry Justice held her sides To keep her ribs frae rackin '; She leuch until her t ' en ran tideB , Her very saul was shakin * . Sae funny were the thoughts that wauken To hear the dudd ; crew "What slave , " quo ' she , " tholes ha' / sic whackin ' As whacks dealt down on you , Aye silent syne !" " 0 seek nae sair for siller ' s birth , Aye pouch—but binna speerin '; Tbere ' ti nae ae hodle tracks the enrth That has nae brought a tear
in—Think ye yon huly house ye'r rearin ' Will spotless pennies pay it ? j When some are sawin' —some are shearin Some are makin' hay yet , To sell it syne . ' "
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PUNCH—Pabts LXIV . LXV . London : Punch Office , 85 , Fleet-street . " The Snobs of England , " the ' Spanish Ballads , " and an immense variety of satirical hits at all offenders , from Louis Philippe down to Grantley Berkeley , combine to fill these parts with matter rich and racy for the laughter-loving public . In the illustrations , the "King of the Barricades "figures largely and beautifully ! Really , we tremble for Punch lest the artful dodger of the Tuilleries should , in his wrath , inflict upon our hump-backed friend that wont pumBhmeiit—the decoration of tho " Legion of Honour .
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T"E REASONER-. PARTSv :. Vi : London- J . watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster-These two parts containing much valuable matter , close the first volume of the Reasoner . A new series commenced on the 2 nd inst . On the new plan , the lieasoner is to consist of one carefully written article each week ; each number will aim at exhausting us particular subject , thus presenting a weekly series of essays which may be consulted long atter their publication . Tbe last leaf of each number is to be devoted , like the Annals of Industry , " in the Peonle s Journal , to the nmppeilino * nf n ^ m .
munist and other societies , and may be separated when the volumo is to be bound . Tbe first number of the new series is a neat , eight-paged pamphlet , the appearance of which prepossesses us with the belief that the new series will be more successful than the old . The subject is " The Society of Theological Utilitarians ; " the principles , aims , and constituion of which are set before the public . We shall not meddle with this society beyond extracting the following paragraph from tbe account before us , which treats in a common-sense liko manner , a sub-. ecton which , ofiate , many conceited men havetalked and written a frightful amount of nonsense : —
The parts of Wat Tyler , of Tell , and of the American Kevolution , under similar circumstances may be played again . This much must be premised to anticipate the charge of want of manliness and self respect which must lie at the door of all Ethics without such provision . It is clearly understood that no intellectual progress can come of force—that men are not improved b y the sword , and that tbe sole advantage to be gained by this course is the "removal of an obstruction" to the operation of reason , and then it must have this absolute justification —the utter self-evident impossibility of removing the obstruction b y moral means . In some countries of Europe , where tyrants rule and espionage prevails , it is us fatal to liberty to avow it , as in Great Britain it is to draw the sword for it . Under some circumstances moral force is as suicidal of liberty as physical force under others . ' . The ^ title of the essay in the second number , h > sued this week , is , " Communities without cost . "
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How to obtain Swbp at Win . —The following is the grand secret which has been prescribed at a guinea to each patient : —You are to shut your eyes , and endeavour to fancy a column of- smoke rising from the nostril . The attention being diverted to th ' } breaks off the current of thought , and you are asleep . —Library of Secrets and Wrinkles . Rights of Women Mrs . Acton , the ( German ) wife of . an Englishman resident at Berlin , and who was lately expeJJed from that city , haajmi published a work , entitled My Emancipation and Expulsion from Berlin . "
Aob op tub Earth—The Rev . Dr . Burton lecturing at Leed * . on "The wonderful Antiquity of tnekarHi . " stated , that at first the ' revelations of geology were considered to be inconsistent with the Mosaic account of the creation , but it should be relueinbered ihat tho first verse of Genesis contained an independent proposition , having no relation to time , but merely asserting that God was the creator of all things , lie observed that we must believe that , before the creation of Adm millhns of ages hud elapsed . Tj ik Command- of the Arm ? in India . —It is understood that Lieutenant-Gsneral Sir Williaai Gomme , Governor and Commander-in-chief at the Mauritius , will succeed to the cosamanc ! of the Army in India , on the retirement of Low ! Guugb .
First English . Newspaper . — The Hominy Chronicle mentions a recent discovery by Mr . Watts , of the British Museum , that the celebrated English Mtrewh , of 1588 , is a forgery , and that consequently the origin ot newspapers iu this couwtry is Htiil involved in obscurity , Polickma . n ' s hELiGioj ? , —An official inquiry has been made to amoagstjtlie police force of i . iverpoo . 1 as the religious tenets held S > y each member of it respectively . Good . —The directors of the Eastern Counties Railwaya hayeiasued an order , that ; all shipwrecked mariners ( duly identified as sach ) shall have u fretpass along the line . Raoukd Schools . —Thenu : nW of Ragged Schools in the metropolis is rapidly increasing . Another establishment has just been added iu King Edwardaireut . Mile-end , New Town .
Eakly Lbaunkbs . —A number of young men in Glasgow meet at an early hour in thu moniinj ; , foi the purpose of improving their minds . Those Jatipay a fine , which goes to the purchase of books . " Mokning Post" Criticism . —Dombky and St » f . —Three parts of Mr . Charles Dickens ' s new work have appeared . As yet . -there is nothing in it either novel or interesting . It is a reeltauffee o ' suwe of Li > former . garbage , and has neither salt nor pepper to make palatable . What has as yet been doled out is stale ana insipid . Ovkrflowiso op tiib JVile . —Info . mation lias just been received Irom Eyjpt , by a respectable mercantile house in . Belfast , that the overflowing of tlie Nile has carried 98 villages in Lower E « ypt , with all the produce they contained , including a large quantity of flax .
Mo .-sciel Coppek Ork . — The workmen at the tunnel at Mossgid , near AlauchJine , have , within the last lew days , discovered a rich vein of copper ore . — Ayr Advertiser . A Young Criminal . — Tie youth named Seddon , or Siddons , who was tried at the last Liverpool Assizes , on a charge of murdering a blacking boy at Manchester , and acquitted , was tried at the Alanchester Borough Sessions oa Wednesday for theft , and found guilty on two indictments . The RucorderacutLiiciid him to ten years' transportation for each offence .
Blair ; tiik Author of " Thb Grave . "—Better late than never : Robert Blair , the author of " Tne Grave , " died exactly one hundred yeara ago , and it is now proposed to erect a monument to him in the churchyard of Athelstane-ford , East Lothian , of which he was parish minister , and in which capacity he was succeeded by the celebrated John Home , author of "' Douglas . " Rough and Ready . —In speaking of General Taylor ' s cognomen of " Rough and Ready , " the J / or ninq Advertiser says that while the General very sufficiently beard out the first epithet , he seems to find some difficulty iu justifying the second . Pknky Ommbuses and a Cheap Parcel Delivery Company are about to bu established in Liverpool . The latter company at&tes in its prospectus that it willjdeliver parcels weiyhiug from 3 lbs . to lS . bs any where within i ' uur miles of DbuiroiHcos for truin Id . to 4 d .
Victory op Factory Girls . —Most of the factory ladies as Sam Slick calls them , at Nossau , U . S ., have objected to work by candle Jiglit . The agents refused to let them out of the yard till bell-time , b ut the girls eventually triumphed . A Whale . —A very large whale ran ashore near Poolewe some , " days ago , and fill an easy prey to the villagers . It was upwards of sixty feet in length , < uid yielded several tons t ) i oil , —Inverness Courier . i ' uK « Thaj ) k in Djsxmauk —The Kingot Denmark has publisiiod an edict , declaring the trade between nis dominions : ind China to be free . This abolishes tlie monopoly of the Danish Asiatic Company , which has hitherto paid lar ^ e sums to the King fur the privilege .
Very Proper . —The Duke of Lucca has suppressed all games of hazard iu h ' n dukedom ; and has directed that the casino erected at ihe baths of Lucca , for the convenience of strangers , beconvoited nito a reading-room , < Ssc , as well as that at Viareggio . ( jeseral Tom Thumb is about to visit Halifax lie has announced his intention of holding two levees in the Mew Assembly Room , Harrison-road . To Smokers . —A Kni ght of the plough , not n 'l ' tj miles horn tlie farm of lngliston , alter receiving his " dear won penny fee" at fast term , resolved on having a spree with his comrades . In the height ofh ^ merriment , sorrow took the place of joy , when ludiscovered that ho had Jighted his pipe with a £ 5-1101 " . The Floods in France . —No fewer than 1 , 500 ca-ks of wine have been picked up tlong the bank * of the Suane , which had bueu earriud away by the late inuiuhtis . s in Franco .
Electric Telegraphs . —It is s . tid that Government will probably cause the exten ion of the eltctrie telegraph communication to the royal palace and government offices . Police . —In London there ard 3 , 000 policemen , or 110 constables to one magistrate : in Liverpool TOO policemen to one magistrate , Use or Tobacco . — 1 find that a sure mode ol drmn >; all animal * out of a hole is to smoke tobacco into it . They appear quite unable to stand the smell , and bolt out imuieuiitfely in the face of dog or nun , rather than put up with it . Tobacco smoke v / iU also bring a ferret out of a rabbit hole , when eTerything else fails to do so . —St . John ' s Wild Sports of the Highlands . IrffANi Schools . ~ At a public meeting in Birmingham , on Friday last , steps were taken towards establishing thirty infant schools in the borouuh .
Parliamentary Expenses . —The Parliamentary expenses alone in establishing the London and Birmingham Railway were ' £ ( 550 per mile ; those of the Great Western , £ 1 , 000 per mile . Railway Notices . —A dail y issue of the London Gazette was necessary , in order to enable railway oompuiies to comply with the terms of the standing orders directing the publication oi their respective parliamentary notices therein . 1 mi » rovemem of French Phkef . — Some sheep have been purchased in Monmouthshire for shipment to France , where attempts are being made to improve the native breeds by crossing with the English long-woolled sheep . Malt Tax . —If all the taxes on beer were repealed , the same ale now purchased for Gd . per quart would be 2 d . ; and porter , now 4 d . per qunrt would be 1-Jil . Mr . W , B , ijnec , on the licpeal of the Malt Tax , '
To Make a Cheap Stew op Sulhs and Eels . — Some of our secrets for cheap cuulii-ry having met wiili uubounded applause , we add to theni tlie following : — Take an old pair of hoots , and put them in » frying-pan with lard , and atuw them till the " uppers" come off ; add pepper and salt , and you will h ;» ve some fine sole and ( u ) eel soup . — Library of secrets and Wrinkles . Irish Lord Mayou . —Sir George Carroll , thenew Lord Mayor of L > iidon , is by hjriii an Irishman . jKwisiigSHBRiFF . — Baron Meyer de Rothschild has been appointed High Sheriff for Buckinghamshire .
Josw-ii Ady . —" Thine respectfullj" still continues to send his epistles into Otley and that neighbourhood , purportiug to ti ? e information "to your advantage , on the receipt of 20 s . '' The Otley " calves" however are wide awake , and Joseph will receive no orders on " Whitechapel . " Finding itws to be the case with some whom he haa several tis 2 . es addressed , he has takes up & new st # lc , and sayS v if he does not receive the twenty shillings , he wili £ uruisli intoimaiiontotlieir "disadvantage . " FonuiON Bbicks . —A parcel of 30 , 000 bricks- has arrived by a vessel from liambujgli , ami another ot 40 , 000 , by the Catalina , from Antwerp , bu& cargoes being destined for re-exportation .
Goetue . — 'Ihe German diei proposea puxehasing the house of Goethe ut Weiiuar , ihat it tuuy he pro served for the gratification of posteritj ^ Scolds Beware !—The ducking stool , a relic of by-gone times , and dread of all shrews * has , by direction of the mayor of Ipswich , kva painted , renovated , and suspended over the staircase of the Toan ilnll of that town . Dkcisivb Vkrdici against tub Arch-dukk . —In acknowledging receipt of the unanimous report of the Institute of Architects , against placing the Wclhugton statue on the triumphal arch , Lord Morpeth expressed his gratification ia fiuuiug that the opinion of the institute agreed with that entertained by the government .
Iub Robbery op Cracow . —It is asserted that Count Kollowrath , one of the Austrian ministers , was so strongly opposed to tho recent incorporation of Cracow with the Austrian dominions , that he has tendered his resignation iu consequenoeof the adoption of that measure . A . SaiBiiD FOR IHR Priwcb of Walks . —The magnificent iliield wluob the Kiiigofi ru « i » b *? des-
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tined as a present for his godson , the Prince ol Wales , is now almost completed , and will be soon forwarded to its destination . The design is after a dr&wing of Cornelius ; the model was instle by the sculptor Fischer ; and ' the whole has been chiselled with great skill by M . Mcrtens . Diabolical Attempt to Blow up a Hctsk . — About five o ' clock on Sunday morning last , a ffioat diahoncrtl attempt was made to blow up wjffj gunpowder the house of Mr . Thomas Bertwistle , carpenter and hause builder . Bolton-stveet , Bury avi also a cottage at the back . It appears , that a few lllinqtes previous to the explosion , Mrs . Bertwistle .
hearing some persons under the « -in < low , awoke her husband , who immediately got ontof bed , and throwing up the slide , saw three men run from near tl 0 window ; in a slmvt time afterwards the explosion took place . On Monday , tbe magistrates went to view the premises , which arc in a dreadfully shattered condition , the back : ind front windows being blown out ' , the parlour floor anrf ffoga in the lotil y were also blown up , together with all the furniture . Providentially no lives were lo . « t , although there worn fifteen persona in the two houses . A reward of £ 100 has been offered by tlie inhabitant * of Jjury for tha apprehension of the offenders .
Wkstminstkk- Bridge . —The relaTms : of the foot pavement , on this bridge and the wooden parapit i 3 proceeding very rapidly , and it is expected' th . y tha I l > ridj , 'e will be re-opened to the public in svforti igh \ I Tiik Cholera has been rasing in Ba gdad si rce the { commencement of she Ramazm . It broke-oat with [ ureat violence at She very outset , ami the po pular festivals caused it to spread in such a- wanner that i n lew than a forlnig b-t 4 . 500 persons had fallen victima , - tkough a third pnrt of the inhabitants had Had . Atrocious Act of Cruelty . —An act of the most
diabolical cruelty was perpetrated on the flight of Fri'iayor Saturday morninif l'st , in a stable belonging lo Mr . . White , oF the Anchor Inn . Coinbehay , by which a valuable horse was destroyed , under horrible Minerine . The malicious perpetrator of the ileed inflicted a wound-on the animal ' s hea'l wiili an instrument supposed to be a pickaxe , of which the animal died . On beinsr dissected , a spike-nail , seven inches in lenuth , was foand in it ^ stomacli . A lhn > e reward m announced for information leading to a'discovery of the barbarous offender .
Canada . — Lieutenant-General Sir Benjamin D ' Urlian has received the appointment ut' Conj " H )! in
Railways . —There are no fewer than fif'ty-sixapplioationa to Parliament for new railways , and extensions of existing lipes , in Norfolk and Suflolk . The Pope Aoatv . —Since the accession of tire preaent pope , the Jews of Rome h ; ive !>• en allowed to open shops and veaide in other places besides the Ghetto- or Jewry . Monster Traffick . —An order has been given by the Ywk and Newcastle Railway Company , within the last few days , for three miles of trucks ! WosDBnFOL—if TRBR .--0 n tlie night of the 4 th ultimo , when near Gfrgenti and Siiacca ( Sicily ) , the master of a merchant vessel saw issuing from the sea an immense ffam <' , with a lar ^ e quantity of Rmolcp , in the midst of which were plobes of fire , which fell at a great distance , and wi'h considerable r . nhc . The flames appeared to be a mile in circumference .
Gossip- im " Hick trFB . " "~ Tt ia said that the validity of the marriase of the Marquis of TVeedald , father of the Marchioness of Dotiro and the C ountess of Dalliotisie . is disjmted fey a lady who claim * to have beea previously married to the Marquis by the law of Scotland . Should this ftkim be mnWished , it is understood that the succession of the title would he altered , as the legitimacy of an elder brother would be established . A Mayor ' s Tithe Pie . —I ' n Bridgewater , his worship the mayor hns nothing but the tithe " i all the pigs born within the borough . " This impost is paid in kind .
The Quakers . —The society of friends has entered into a subscription of £ 2 ' . 008 in Dublin to relieve the w ;> nts of the poor , ant ! tho same body in Englarid have also subscribed £ 20 ' , 000-torthe like purpose . Vienna , Nov . 19 . — The assassin Reinell , who for his attempt to murder the Emperor , was sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment in the celebrated fortress of Munkats , in Hungary , died there a month ago . Increase of the Arxit-. —( hi dit , and very confiilently too , in certain military circles , and there is to he a very considerable increase in the Army Estimates—fifteen regiments it is said , or twelve thousand men . Gratuitous Marriages- a-7 St . John ' s ,
Clerken-WELU—On Monday momiiij :, pursuant to a notice , "omc weeks since issued by the Rev . Hugh Hndies , the rector of St . John ' s , G 1 e ? kenwell , that marriages wnu'd be celebrated by him gratuitously between parties who were too poor to pay the marriage fees , the Rev . Gentleman attended to perform the ceremony . Only two couples availed thems lves of the benefit thus offered . Death op the wifb of she late Thomas Hood . — We regret that we have to announce the decease of the widow of the late Tbonias Hood , th-s culebrated humourist and poet . The public are aware that Mr . Hnod'u life was closed in ihe midst of much p hysical suffering and much mental anxiety ; and there is little doubt that the unwearied exertions of Mrs . Hood , her unceasing attendance on her husband ' s < le : \ th bed , and the ef iei and trial which preceded and followed her b < reavement , have been the immediate cause of the disease which has thus prematurely terminated her existence . She expired on the morning of Friday , the 4 th of December .
Catchixo a Tartar . — We have heard the following account as current in Bradford . A Methodist local preacher , residing in or near Ilorton , on returning home one night during the week was attacked by a thief , when , alter a desperate struggle , the thief rifled his pockets of some pence . The preacher , in the 9 tru 5 r » le , tore away the coat-lap of the highwayman , and , talcing it home , found on inspection that there waa in the pocket a purse with £ 3 lQi .. In it . The Prussian Police . —A Brussels journal publishes a letter from Coblcntz , dated the 29 th u ! t ., announcing tliat tbe Prussian police , not being dis-|) 0 « 3 d to allow Mr . d'ltzstein , an opposition member of tho Chamber of Deputies in Baden , to travel in the territories of Prussia , has { liven orders to alkeepers of inns and other houses of public entertainl menfc , to announce immediately hi * arrival , whether by night or by day . Every contravention of this order will cause the keeper the loss of Irs licence .
SHOCiSlise Accibbnt , —Last week by the bursting of a cannon at Kuncorn a boy named John Ueaton had his head nearly severed from his body . The cannon was fired on the occasiou of his employer ' s nuptials . Tii ' S Ekclosure in St . James ? S Park . —On Sr . inrday , in consequence of repeated complaints to-the Commissioners of Woods and forests , and the collisions between individuals andlthe gatekeepers nPtho ornamental pleasure grounds , in St . Jivinos ' s Jsal'K , respecting the ri ^ ht of admission , instruction * were m ' ven them that they were only to prevent : ^ 9 rsoo 3 in a rngcet ) or very dirty condition from ontrriiis , or who are aot decent in appeseance or hehnvio ; w ; they are also-not to allow be » gnra , or persons wiMi loads on tlwivheads , or with pawe ) a or packat-cx < ' <* ; m inconveni « nt size , such as would obstrcct tint public wiilks to enter the enclowre .
B'I'ICmikouam Musical . Festival . — ' e r . swl .-istand that the net proceeds of ' the la to Musical'Festival nmmrafc to the sum of ; a& 50 S 5 s . Hd .. n . rosuIt roost aratiiif y ing as regards , tilie interests of a valuable in-8 titaiion . Mr . Macrea dy 1 ) 3 & been performin ^ snmc nf his moat popular characters at l'lvmouth . t » crowded ivatiitnees . J . MPROVUMRNTS XJvTTOK PosT-OiTics , ; - " | n the course a ! Si few days c <> ns » ii >« aMc iilti'ratioui will take place ia St . Martin ' s-lcGirand , and which , though chiefly preliminary , « iili t-i-nd materially fio facilitate the daily duty , Distress n ^ -mjiU Labouiung Cu ^ st's at Bkiilix . — The Aix-la-6 fait « tk Gazette , of Ihe Ss > th ult ., state * that so great is tJie distress of fsfo labourimj classes . at Merlin ,. Uiat ftk > y are c nipalhul to pawn almost evervthia « thev possess l <> proeure bread .
A Sr . s * n £ it . i « i Fhib . —lMyupis&b , Due . 5 —A verydisastrous fin ® occtirrrd this inorninu in Cutwater , Plymouth ,. & » board thefinosteamer Shannon , Com * inan&r Ij . Mnffatt . bulon ^ i Bfj to the Briti .-h amUrish and GLty of Dublin Steniu Company . The steamer was greatly damaged , a ^ d a hug" quantity , ot the goods on laird wag destroyed . Thu vessel And to be scuttled to put out thoifriaes . Lors Dundonald ' s . Wau Plan . —We understand that tho Scientific Commission , Appointed to examine and dueida-oa the merits of bis Lordship ' s discovery , is ocewgjed with the investigation of its . rineiple ; which neither trenches on Captain Wartermed
nor , nor on thfc ingenious invention gHn ontton , but ia , in regard to the latter , of a totally different nature . Cotton explo&s instantaneously , like the giilvanio spark , whereas bis Lordships discovery effects a continuous evolution of intensely powerful ebistio products—like ihe unremitting generation of stoam from boiling water , the effect of which has been rendered familiar to the public by the steam gun ( or tube of tho ingenious Mr . Perkins ) , from which a stream of slidtj followed each oilier in oloso succession , pass through the atraos * phere with less opposition , and consequently trana « port their overwhelming efi ' eot to a greater distance than Bfceiig , or shot propelled sinaly from as * tiller / . » j -
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11 'Rual Tartan Toddt . —Tim Highlanders , from habit , invariably mix their todd y twice as strong as the Lrtwlanders . I was once sitting on the box of the Aberdeen and Banff coach , one very cold morning , when we stopped at a small inn to change horfles , and Charley informed me we could get a " drap o real gude whiskey there , " wishing to know whether I would prefer it " heeland or lowland fashion ;" "forye ken , " continued the smiling Jehu , "the Icelander says , a glass 0 ' whisky and a glass 0 ' water makes very cood lawland toddy—but a class 0 ' whisky and a f lass 0 ' whisky dings a' for making it real tartan toddy . "
Wood for Coffins . —Old maids should be burled in crab tree ; old bachelors , in elder tree ; married people , in pear t ' ee ; chronologists , in date tree ; bricklayers and plasterers , in lime tree ; pugilists , in hox-wood ; school-masters , in birch ; cowards , in trembling aspen ; and the honest tar , in sturdy oak . A Great Manaokr op Children . — " This celebrated Mrs . Pipchin was a marvellous ill-favoured , ill-conditioned old lady , of a stosping figure , with a mottled face , like bad marble , a hook nose , and a hard grey eye , that looked as if it might have been hammered at on an anvil without sustaining any injury . Forty years at least had elaaped since the Peruvian mines had been the death of Mr . Pipehin ; but his relict still wore black bombazeen , of such a lustreless , deep , dead , sombre shade , that gas itself could ' nt light her up after dark , and her presence was a quencher to any number of candles . She was generally spoken of as " a great manager" of children ; and the secret of her management was , to give
lem everything that they didn't like , and nothirg that they did—which was found to sweeten their dispositions very much . She was such a bitter old lady , that one was tempted to believe there had been some mistake in the application of the Peruvian machinery , and that all her waters of gladness and milk of human kindness had been pumped outdry , instead of the mines . The castle of this ogress and childqueller was in a steep bye-street in Brighton ; where the soil was more than usually chalky , flinty , and sterile , and the houses were more than usually brittle and thin ; where the small front-gardens had the unaccountable property of producing nothing but marigolds , whatever was sown in them ; and where snails were constantly discovered holding on to the street doors , and other public places they were not expected to ornament , with the tenacity of cuppingglasses . In the winter time the air could ' nt be got out of the castle , and in the summer time it could ' nt ) e "ot in . There was such a continual reverberation
of wind in it , that it sounded like a great shell , which the inhabitants were "bliged to hold to their earsnightand day , whether they liked it or not . It was not , naturally , a fresh-smelling-house ; and in the window of the front parlour , which was never opened , Mrs . Pipchin kept a collection of plants in pots , which imparted an earthy flavour of their own to the establishment . However choice examples of their kind , too , these plants were of a kind peculiarly adapted to the embowerment of Mrs . Pipchin . There -were half-a-dozen specimens of the cactus , writhing round bits of lath , like hairy serpents ; another specimen shooting out broad claws , like a
green lobster ; several creeping vegetables , possessed of sticky and adhesive leaves ; and one uncomfortable flower-pot hanging to the ceiling , which appeared to have boiled over , and tickling people underneath with its long green ends , jeminded them of spidersin which Mrs . Pipchin ' s dwelling was uncommonly prolific , though perhaps it challenged competition still more proudly , in the season , in point of earwigs . "—Dombeyand Son . The Lkmkii W . —A eookney philologist says that the letter w enters into the composition of a woman in all the relations of her life , —e . g ., tuife , widow , u / irgin . and tuixen .
WILLIAM COBBETT AND SIR WALTER RALEIGH . Scknb—The other World . ( From Punch . ) Cobbrtt . Oh ! There you are , Sir Walter . Come , shake hands . My crow ' s plucked at last . I will speak to you , now . Kalkigh , And right welcome , Master Cobbett . You have been wont hitherto to use scurvy language of me ; why , I know not ; and civilities have been scant between u ? . I rejoice to think they shall be frequent henceforth . Cobbktt . Yes , yes . To tell you tlie plain truth , I could not bear the sight of you . Don't look so black : but it was you who colonised Virginia , and introduced into Ireland " that vile , watery , rotgut thinq , the potato .
Raleigh Nay , these be strange reasons for sulky looks . Did 1 not , by the one act , add to our empire a fair territory , fertile in all manner of grain , well watered , and as Master llariot doth still opine , rich in precious metals ; and by the other , bring into our Britain a delicate fruit , right flavourous and wholesome for confections and sweetmeats ? Cobbeit . FiudJe-thMliddle ! Raleigh . Truly you trouble me much , Master Cobbet . But why your wrath against that wholesome root , the openawk , as the savages called it , but which we named after the Spaniard , ' potato' ?
Corbeit . Wholesome root ! Don ' t put me in a passion . Do you know that your precious ' wholesome root' has become the food of twq-tliirds oi- England , Ireland , and Scotland ? It is p igs' meat , and has made p it's of the poor people who use it . I did all 1 could , I told all Bensible Englishmen , those who took in my Register , what it would come to . It's true I didn't use the gallipot phrases that these Oxford and Cambridge doctors , in their black gowns and conjuring caps , have dosed people with till their stomachs miyht have turned at the gibberish if not at \ hc thing itself— your precious potato I mean . 1 didn't write such nonsensical words as your solamtms
arid lubors , and albumen , and protein , and fibrinc , but I said in plain Hampshire English , that potatoes were rubbish , that living on them would turn our apple-cheeked , bUi-boned , farming men and women into windy , herring-gutttd , lantern-jawed sneaks I said it , and it has come to pass . Raleigh . But I looked not on them save as a thing good for confections , to be baked in pits , aa quinces and such fruit ; and tho' you speak but scurvilyofthem . letme tell you that they be marvellous , refreshing and pleasant , eaten sopped in wine , which doth take off a coldness belonging to them when raw . Nay , they may , to give them a better grace , be stewed with prunes .
Cobbktt . What is the man talking of ? I spoke about potatoes , and not apples . I tell you , people have sunk and sunk since potatoes were first planted in Lancashire in 1 ^ 20 . And now , instead of jrood wheaten bread and wholesome streaky bacon , they taste nothing but your cursed root from year ' s end to year ' s end . But the mischief ' s done , and at an end . The potatoes are ruined , stock and seed ! I won't tell you in the outlandish gullimaufry what has done it ; but it ' s done , and my corn , Cobbett'scorn , Indian
corn—Raleigh . I know it well . Lnne brought me sundry plants thereof from tho colony , which I planted side by side with my first potatoes , in my garden at You » hall , in Ireland . Cobbktt , Did you ? Well then , I almost forgive you the potatoes . But my corn is coming over by ship-loads , to drive the beggarly , watery , waxy potato out of the fiel-Js , where , please the pigs , they'll never be seen again ; or , if seen , it will be only to please the pigs—for the labourers won't touch ' em when they learn what ' s gcjd for them . So , here ' s my hand , Sir William Raleigh , and I forgive you the potatoes . Thb Irishman and the Sum-dial . —A gentleman , indisposed and otmfined to his bed , sent his servant to see what hour it was by a sun-dial which was fastened in his garden . The servant was an Irishman , and being at a loss how to find the time , carried the sun-dial to h \ % master , saying . " Here , sir , now lool at it youjg $ lk it is a perfect mystery to me all
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 12, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1396/page/7/
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