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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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LABOUR IN HEW TORK . ITS CIHCnMmKCES . CONDITIONS , AND BEWABE 8 . ( From the Ttibane . ) No . 1 . —THE SEAMSTRESSES . There are in this City , according to the closest esti * mates that can be made , ten thousand women « rh 6 exis on what they can earn by the needle . The following are the prices for which a majority of these families are compelled to work—they being snch as are paid by the large depots for shirts and clothing in Chatham-street and elsewhere : For making Common White and Checked Cotton Shirts , sir cents each . Common Flannel Undershirts , the same . These are cnt in such a manner a * to make ten seamsin two p&irg of sleeves . A common fast seamptress can make two of these shirts per day . Sometimes very strife hands , b . v working from sunrise to midni ght , can make three . Tins is equal to 75 cents per week ( allowing nothing for holiday , &kne » accidents , being oat of work , &c . ) for the first classand ldoL luc ent * , for the other
, Good Cotton Shirts , with linen Bosoms , neatly shtched are made for twenty-five cent * . A pood seamstress w II make one in a day , thus earning Idol . aOeenteper week , 1 ) T constant Isfrour * ' Fine linen ShirU , with Plaited Bosoms , which cannot fee maae by the -very best hand in less than fifteen or eitrhteen hours steady work , are paid fifty cents each . Ordinary Iiands make one shirt of this kind in two davs . back Trowsers , Overalls , & « , eight and t « n cents each . Drawers and Undershirts , both Flannel and Cotton , from s « to eight cents at the ordinary shops , and 12 J at the best . One garment is a day ' s work for someothers can make two . Veste . 25 to 50 cents—the latter price paid only for work ot the very best qualify . Good hands make one a day . Thin Coats are made for 25 to 37 * cents a piece .
Heavy Pilot-cloth Coats , with three pockets , 1 dollor each . A Coat of this kind cannot he made nnder three daTg . Cloth Roundabouts and Fea-jackets , 25 to 50 cents , three can be made in two days . A great number of females are employed in making Hens' and Boys' Cap * . By constant labour fifteen or eighteen hours a day they can make from 14 to 25 cents . We are told by an old lady who has lived by this kind of work a long time , that vrhen she begins at sunrise and works till midnight she can earn 14 cents , a day .
A large majority of these women are American born , from the great middle class of life , many of whom haTe once been in comfortable and even affluent circumstance * , and have been reduced by the death or bankruptcy of husbands and relatives , and ether causes , to inch straits . Many of them are the wives of shipmasters an-3 other officers of vessels . Others are the widows of mechanics and poor men , and have children , aged mothers and fathers , Ac ., to support , by their needle . Many have drunken husbands to add to their burdens and afflictions , and to darken every faint gleam of sunshine that domestic affection throws even into the humblest abode . Others have lick and bed-ridden husbands or children , or perhaps have to endure the agony of receiving home a fallen daughter or an outlawed son suddenly checked in his career of vice .
The manner in which these women live—the squalidness and unhealthy location and nature of their habitations—the inadtqaateness of their food and clothing —the impossibility of providing for any the slightest recreation or moral or intellectual culture , or of educating their children can be easily imagined ; bnt we assure the public that it would require an extremely active imagination to conceive the reality . These women generally keep house '—that is , they rent a single room , or perhaps two small rooms , in the -upper story of some poor , ill-constracted , unventilated house in a filthy street , constantly kept so by the absence of back yards and the neglect of the street inspector—where a sickening and deadly miasm pervades the atmosphere , and in gammer render it totally unfit to be inhaled by human lungs , depositing the seeds of debility and disease with every inspiration . In these rooms all the processes of ceoking and eating , sleeping , washing , ¦ working and living are indiscriminately performed .
For these rooms the tenants never pay less than three to four and a half dollars per month—and pay they must and do . Some of the very worst single garrets , destitute of closet or convenience of any kind , and perlaps only lighted by a hole eut in the roof , rent as low as two dollars a month . Of course every cent of the inmates' earnings is exhausted every week , and in many cases is no ; sufficient to bnj any other food than a scanty supply of potatoes and Indian meal and molasses for the family . When winter comes , therefore , they are destitute of the means not only of adding comfortable clothing to their wretched wardrobes , bat of procuring an
ounce of fuel . Their work too , at this season , is frequently cat otf , and they are left no resource hut the alms-house or a pauper-ticket for bread and coal . Here , too , they are too often banlked . The alms-house is full and overrunning—the public charities of all kinds are choking with the fierce assaults of shivering and famished Bepgarj—what can these poor women do ? IFeare truly told that when sometimes hunted out by the hand of prirate charity , they hare been found so given over to hunger and despair at their repeated rebuffs from the alms-house or the overdriven commissioners that they had resolved to starve without farther effort .
THE OPERATIVE BAKERS . TO THE EDITOR OF TBS KOBTHEBS STAB . Sia , Saving observed in yonr paper various remarks and communications in reference to the agitation at present going on amongst the operative bakers in London for a limitation of the hours of labour , I feel so overjoyed that I cannot refrain from making a few remarks in regard to it . It would , however , be superfluous were 1 to enter into any lengthened detail of the evils endured bv the operative bakers in London , these being brought
to light in some measure at the public meeting reported in jour paper . Thejoperatives in Edinburgh have got a humane an 4 discerning public to sympathise with them in their endeavours to emancipate themselves from the tyrannical measures of a system , unjust , oppressive , and detrimental to the best interests of man . Although we conld bring forward no cases of snch wanton cruelty as those mentioned at the said meeting , ytt we had no power to retire from labour , bnt when our employers chose ; such , was the position in whicu . we stood in Edinburgh . . .. .
" Britons never shall be slaves , " so says the national anthem ; " but do we not see that the working man has been , and is , the slave of the capitalist ! True , he cannot be sold in the same way as is done 5 n the Southern States of America ; but there are more ways of making slaves than one : and many of the capitalists of Britain are , to a certain extent , as guilt } - as the slaveholders of America . Are not such scenes as those depicted at the Pimlico meeting , enough to harrow up the feelings of the most callous and indifferent . To see men compelled to labour for snch a length of time , save a brief interval on hard boards ! Such wrongs , too , practised in the metropolis of a country calling itself free ! The pernicious
effects of an irregular hoar system is seen on every operative baker . Ills sallow countenance betokens an overwrought frame ; his wan look tells too truly of the evils he endures ; his depressed appearance shows plainly that he U one of the slaves of capital ; and bis barren mind is not that of intellectual , progressive man . Ought not such things to be revolutionised , and the operative baker rai ^ sd up to that sttittts in society which they ought to occupy ! The employers may try to convince the public that , owing to the nature of the baking trade , it is impoisible to hare regular hours—so argued the employers of Edinburgh , and other towns in Scotland ; but what . . isnilie-s arguments sach as thise , seeing they have proved fallacious :
and"Pacts ara things that winna ding , And dnuna be disputed ;" and if practicable in Scotland , it is practicable in Xondon ; and I trust that the operatives in London will shew U their employers that they are determined no longer to submit to the despotic arrangements to which they have betn subjected . May she never forget that ' union is strength ! " and unde r the banner of unity may they go forward , proclaiming to the world that they will no longer endure it , but that they must and will have the liberties they are entitled to . By the insertion of the above you will much oblige Tour obedient Servant , William F . Ccthbeetsoh , Secretary of the Edinburgh Branch of the Operative Bakers' Association of Scotland .
THE UNITED SOCIETY OF JOURNETHEN BASKET MAKERS . ; The storm which at present is gathering over our Union , and threatening to annihilate the few advantages ire have already gained , will be my excuse for troubling you with this short letter . Perhaps , no trade ( in proportion to our numbor } has ever been threatened with a more formidable coalition of employers than basket making at present . I am no " alarmist , "Mr . Editor , but yet I have every reason to believe that the masters meditate a general turnout , for ¦ the express purpose of breaking up our Union . That they will fail in their attemptis quite certain , if not assisted by certain soulless individuals of our own ranks ; and the reason I write is to express my disapprobation of
the conduct ot a few . ( who for the present shall be name , less ) who hare already , like cowards sneaked out of our ranks to avoid the contest . N oiv , what do the men expect to gain by deserting us in such a position 1 By way of convincing them of their error and hastening their return , we will suppose the worst—we will suppose that the masters do beat us , will they in that case fare better than we shall S will the masters give them higher wages , or treat them with greater respect than they will those who have boldly stood their ground ! or will the ? in fact gain anything which we shall not gain ! Tes , they will gain what we shall not they will gaiu the merited contempt of all honourable men , and w ill no doubt receive the reward of their treachery from the very masters they may thus slavishly serve .
In conclusion I would say , men , stand to your position , and vou have nothing to lose bat all to gain—desert your position and youhave all to lose . Tliatthaseremarks on the subject maj have the effect of bringiug back " the runaway * before ttieir names are
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———* ¦ ¦ '" reposed , or checking anj who may feel , wa ering , the sincere wish of .., * - — - ^ ' ' .. . . ¦ .,- _ -: -:-- ¦> - - ¦ - ¦ ¦¦ ; A JTooa iMTXAW . Edinburgh . - , V IMPORTANT TO THK MEMBERS P ^^' J ™? * WAINEBS GENERAL MUTUAL ASSISTANCE
ASSOCIATION . TO iac EDIIob or the wo * thk » n stab . It wil be in the memory of ; thos . e reader * of the Star , Who Merest themselres in trades' movements , that a SL of resolutions , ( purporting , to : emanate from the Bo £ and Shoemakers of IlanchutW . : but which , in reaHty , turns out to be only from the Womens' Mens ' branch , ) condemnatory of the character of the General Secretary of the above named association , appeared in ; our paper of the 17 th of October last . Ii will be necei . suy h > = re to state , that in September last , these men put certain questions to the said secretary concerning the accounts of the association , which questions arose entirely out of the printer ' s error in the balance sheets .
The general secretary replied to them by letter , stating at the same time , that if his answers were not satisfactory , he would go down , at his own expense to Manchester , and take with him the books orthe association , together with the receipts for all monies that passed throug h his bands during his time of office . Notwithstanding which , the resolutions alluded to above appeared in the Star , but no sooner did the general secretary see them there , than he at once repaired to Manchester , and on his arrival appealed against their proceedings , whereupon a General Delegate Meeting was called of all the sections in Manchester , namely , the Grecian Head , Pack Horse , Oxford Road , and Hat and Feathers . When the delegates assembled , the general
secretary demanded an tn masse meeting of the men of Manchester , which was at once denied : it was then moved by Mr . Peruberton , and seconded by seme other delegate , "Thatthe accounts be gone into , by tlie delegates assembled , to ascertain whether a general meeting was requisite or no . " Motion carried . It was next requested by the general secretary , that any man who had already made bim guilty should not he placed on his jury again ; that , too , was refused : so he was obliged to submit to having the same men , whose names appeared in the denunciator ; resolutions in th * Star , again placed in the triple capacity of judges , jurors , and accusers . However , the accounts were gone into , and the following is a copy of the resolution founded upon the inquiry . A MiNCHEBTEB SaOPMATE
RKioLVZD . -V'Tbatthii meeting having heard the explanations of Mr . Clark respecting the monetary affairs of the as 6 ociation , and having examined his accounts and receipts , are of opinion that the said explanations are highly satisfactory , and clearly exonerate Mr . Clark from any blame , anil , tbat this meeting lay before their res * pective sections ' such explanations , and forward this resolution to London , to be used « s Mr . Clark may deem proper . " ( Signed ) . James Call&h , Secretary . October 20 th , 1846 . Thomas Roubke , President of the Grecian Head . JoHH PaDon , V John Fletcher , V Committee , Ulick Bubke , J Edwabd Cahiix , President of the Pack Hots * . Samuel Pehbebtom , A CHABLESBOIL , l Committee . Archibald Pabk , / vuuum * John Johnson , j ItAic Mobbice , President of the Oxford Road . JOHN PeHHAN ,. V Thomas Wbight , > Committee . Fsahcis Ttnak , J GfOBCE Walker , President of the Hat & Feathers . Geobge Going , , V Geokge O'Neill , > Committee . John Bowen , j John Hbalet , Chairman .
Heetihu of Factoby Wobkebb . •—On Monday even , ing a very numerous meeting of the factory operatives of this town and district , was held in the Town-hall , for the purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of calling upon the manufacturers to commence working short time , in order to avoid the great mischief of stopping altogether , or of having to submit to a reduction of wages . The chair was occupied by Mr . John Mills , an operative , who addressed the meeting at some length . He referred to the period of 1812 , when all the considerable milU in the district were working two , three , and four days a week , and many were entirely stopped . That state of things continued for two successive years . The workhouses were filled with paupers , and in that town alone there were upwards ef 1 , 000 cottage-heuses un .
tenanted . He felt quite certain tbat , unless something wasdone , thereiultof the present crisis would be more disastrous . After alluding to some statements in reference to the cotton trade , he concluded by reading a letter from Mr . Charles Hindley , the Member for Ashton , after which the following resolution was unanimously adopted : — "That in the opinion of this meeting it is highly deBirable , both fur the welfare of employers and employed , that we work short time for a season , seeing , as we do , that the price of cotton has advanced much more than the price of yarns and manufactured goods , and that unless a stop be put to the speculations in the raw material , it will end in loss of capital to the employers , and consequently a very large number of operatives will be thrown out of employment . " After some farther proceeding , the meeting separated .
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Frightful Accident by Machinery . —OnMonday as John Derrick , a workman in Mr , Henderson ' s iron and tin-plate works , Birmingham , was wheeling off a barrow loaded with iron faggots , the barrow swayed on one side , and threw him head foremost against a large pair of shears , worked , as is usual , by steam , and constantly going . He was thrown in such a position , that to save his head from being crushed or cut off , he was compelled to thrust his hand and arm into the mouth of the shears—he did bo—his hand and a part of his light arm were cut off , two or three inches above the wrist .
Accident in the Dorchester Railway Tunnel . — On Saturday last another accident occurred in the above tunnel , to a man named John Stone , who was removing some plankings in the tunnel when a great portion of the earthwork fell in and completely buried him between the area and the side cuttings . It was upwards ef half an hour before the man was dug out , and not the slightest hope of his recovery is entertained . Mtsiebiods Dbatb . —A sad affair transpired at the residence of £ . Wodehoase , bsq . M . P ., last week . Mr . Wodehouse resides at Thorpe , by Norwich , and in the service of his lady are three sisters . One of these ( the lady ' s maid } was found a corpse in a private part of the premises , with her throat cut in a most dreadful manner , and only a few minutes after she had dressed her mistress , and had been observed to be in good spirits . There appears
to be some mystery in the affair , and some attempts are being made to smother the matter , so far » 9 the public are concerned . An inquest was held the next day before Mr . Pilgrim , one of the county coroners , but at which none of the reporters of the public press were present , when the verdict of the jury was , "Thaithe deceased had cut ker own throat in a state of temporary derangement . " Education for thb Poor . —The National Incorporation Society for the Promotion of the means of Education amongst the Humbler Classes , made a report , from which it appears that the society have advanced during the past mouth of November , £ 466 , for the erection of thirteen schools and five residences for teachers , in the north of England , and . £ 368 for the support of other schools , as well as £ 2 , 800 recently expended on the training schools at Battereea and Whitelands .
Rkfcges fob . thk Houseless . —In consequence of the inclemency of the weather the three establishments at Playhjuse yard , Whitecross-street ; Great O ^ le-street , Foley-place ; and Glasshouse-street , East-Smithfield , were opened for the season on Monday night . There were admitted into the western asylum 22 , to the centre asylum 111 , and to that at the east end 84 , all of whom were in a most destitute condition . The regulations arc the same as in previous years , each applicant having the accommodation of a bed of hay in a wrapper of tarpaulin ? , with a skin of leather in which to envelope themselves , and which is found the most conducive to health as well as to cleanliness . A portion of bread is given to each inmate night and morning , and those who remain in the institution , on Sunday are supplied with an additional ration of bread and cheese .
Serious Accident at the Queen ' s Theatre , Tottenham-street . —At the close of the performance on Monday evening , a young man , about twenty years of age , named Sharpe , fell from the gallery into the pit , and was removed , to all appearance dead , to the Middlesex Hospital ; the audience were leaving the theatre , so that the unfortunate young man fell on the seats of the pit , and no one else was injured . Frightful Death . —On Saturday an inquest was taken at the London Hospital , on the body of William Whitelock , aged twenty-one years , an appren . tice to Messrs . Hartley and Read , mast and blockmakers , Jin Fore-street , Liraehouse . On Friday morning ^ last the deceased and several other men were employed in heaving a mast out of the warehouse into the river . The deceased was at the winch , and he incautiously left the " pall" of the crane on the ground , and before he could prevent the chain
from running out , the motion of the handle instantly reversed , and struck the unfortunate young man & mosjt ^ iolent blow on the head . He was rendered insensible , ; and before he could be conveyed to the above institution he expired . His head presented a most frightful appearance , it being literary smashed in . Verdict , " Accidental death . " Dexterous Robbert in a JBami . — Last week a clerk of Messrs . Munn and Co ., commission agents in Manchester , went to Messrs . Jones Lloyd , and Co ' a . bank , and presented a cheque for payment . He received in payment ten £ 5 notes and the remainder in gold . As the notes were first tendered him , he put them into an outside pocket of a Chesterfield coat , and whilst he was hold-& purse into which the clerk of the bauk was to put in the gold , some dexterous knave or other having seen Messrs . Munn'scterk so carelessly deposit them contrived , whilst the goid was being put into the bag , o extract the whole of tike £ 5 note 3 , with which he i clear off .
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THE -DEFENCE FUND DEBT , , . TO TH « iDITOB OF THB HOBTHERK 8 TW . Respected Sir , —It has been repeatedly proposed by the people to do something to show our gratitude to Mr . O'Connor , for his many servicei to the working elaaoes . and now the tindictiveness of a otrtainfunetlmutry bath given us an opportunity of putting our good intention ! into practice . I think we ought to remember , that it ' a good maxim , " be honest before you are charitable ' , " then acting upon that maxim , I say , discharge a Debt which , by the by , it not very creditable to us as a body , and thus cheer our Chief in this his time of need . As an easy mode of doing so , I beg moist respectfully to . suggest the following plan . If any class is more indebted to is the share
Mr . O'Connor than another , I believe it - holders of the Land Company . By bis writings , his speechw , and his lectures , | hehai opened our eyes to the valueof the LAND , ; and showed ui the meass of becoming independent of our taskmasters ; and consequently raised ua to our present proud position . I believe by this time we have nearly or quite 12 , 000 members , now if each shareholder was to eontribute tfapenee , 12 , 000 sixpences amount to £ 300 , which would more than corer the debt . But some are ready to say , there are hundreds , who cannot raise sixpence to give—I admit it ; but there are many , very many , who could give enough to make up for their poorer brethren , and thUB raise enough to pay the debt , and have a trine over to assist in satisfying the rapacious fluwo of one of the " Young HannibaU . "
Hoping , Sir , that as we have often sung with enthusiasm , ¦ ,. - - ¦ : « It was Feargus O'Connor was valiant then , Well rally arouud him again and again . " We shall now do so , and show the tyrants that it they attempt to injure the head , the whole body will arise to bear bim harmless , and thus render their sfforta futile . I remain , Your humble and obedient Servant , WM . AOAM 8 . Bristol , Dec . 14 , 1846 .
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- . ... . . ¦ - HIM' WHAT THB AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS THINK . " A chiel's atnang ye takin' notes , An » faith he'll print ' em . " Man thinks nations are made up of men—classes and orders of society exist separately , but each order , to some extent , affects the thinking habits of others , and there , fore , the action of all are to some extent affected by those with whom they are surrounded . The country squire rides his full-bred hunter , and the village butcher , in imitation of the village lord , mounts his half . fed pony . TheTillage king handles his gun , and talks of pheasants and wine ; the butcher loads and primes Wsfowling piece , and discources loud and long of bares and rabbits . The village blacks mi th hints that i t is qui te possible that the young squire may be a fool ; the shoemaker answer * , that he is sure of it , and what is more , fce is pretty confident that the parson is a rogue . The barber laughs and says —I could have told you that long ago , but I thought everybody knew i t , In a similar manner exists and
acts the train of thought , in every division of society in the city , as in the village ; and in the cabinet , as in the workshop . The external acts of men are an index to their Internal thought , not in one particular , but in all in tbeJr assemblies as well as in their households , and though we have not the thunder of open rebellion , nor the flash of swords wet with blood , we have signs in the tfflospdere telling « e truly of a change , and ajgns too , aluminous for the future . Mind is acting on mind , and there is a coherent and evident hearing in the thoughts of the people . The agricultural labourers , and the operative of the manufacturing districts , think like each other , differently educated ( and | living estrangedfrom each other by man } circumstances , yet both suffer from the same cause ; both have thought , and the voice of eternal nature has breathed within , and now speaks alond to all , and will as assuredly effect a change in the government and institutions of this country .
Reader , will you , with me , forsake the ordinary paths of research , leave the cumbrous but valuable statistics of wealth and misery on your book shelves , roam at leisure in the highways and byways of life—be an observer of the people , and from them learn the signs of the times . In doing so ] I shall write to you , not fiction , but facts , in plain language pen the sayings of my fellow-labourers , and reflect , as nearly as l ean , the thoughts and feelings of the people . It was the firgt of December of this year—a cold clear morning , when I left the old town of Bury St . Edmunds , and sauntered along the turnpike-road leading to Thet . ford , in Suffolk . It was the day of Bury cattle fair , and scattered along the turnpike road were herds of oxen and droves of sheep ; the fields were bare , and everything looked chilled and wintry . I observed before me an agricultural labourer , who was driving some twelve or
fourteen stunted-looking Highland cattle , which are brought over by the Scotch drovers and sold to the English farmers , who fatten them for the market , and sell them , probably sometime in the fall or winter of next year . My friend , the labourer , was dressed in corduroy trousers and waistcoat with sleeves , covered by a coarse frock ; his hat had evidently seon some service , and his feet were encased in a pair of strong hob-nailed shoes . A cheap yellow cotton handkerchief was loosely tied round bis neck , and in the space open between his frock and handkerchief could be seen part of a shirt clean and white as snow . He was a stout man , between forty and fifty years o ' fsge , with a face neither prepossessing nor repulsive—a fair specimen of an English agricultnrnl labourer . Addressing him , I said , "This is a cold morning , Sir . " " Yes , master , it Is very cold , " was the brief reply .
" The air smells wiutery , I ftar the cold weather has set in . " " I fear it has , master , and we poor folks will feel it too . " " Oh , I don't doubt that , but it would be as pleasant to live in winter as summer if you were well housed , clothed , and fed . " "So it would , but we cannot g < st victuals enough , and God knows there is nothing to spare for clothe ? , and the farmers are too greedy to repair our cottages . " " So , you are a farm servant ? " "Yes , I work for Mr . O— , his farm is along here about 5 miles from Bury , my name is , I have been 4 . 0 years in the same parish . ' " " Whatis your average wages about this part of the country ?" " I get Is . Si . a day when at work , some men Is . 6 d . " " Are you not engaged by the week then ? " " No , we are often idle at some seasons , and the far . raers always pay by the day . "
'' How the deuce do you manage to maintain a wife and family ?" "I often wonder how we do manage , as I have a wife and five of them ; it costs u * 7 s . a week for flour , we cannot do with less than throe atone of flour , and then we are often hard pinched for bread ; so jou will see there is not much left for clothing . " " Is it a large farm where you live ? " "I live a mile from the farm , and pay £ 8 ISs . a year for a cottage—my master farms about 500 acres . " " Is it good land , think you J " "Ah , it is very fair . " " What rent does he pay an acre !" " About 22 s . "
" How many men does he employ , en an average !' " Well , sir , sometimes he has more than at other times , ( hesitating for a short time ) , I should say 16 or 17 men and boys together , he has always 5 or 6 bovs . " " Do any of your family work for bim V " I have only one son at work , and wa work together , he is seventeen years of age , and gets three shilling and sixpence a week . " " A stout lad of seventeen will do almost as much work as a man . " " hly boy does more work than some men , but you see they call him a lad , and farmers just do as they like , and if you don ' t take what they offer yeu , they tell you to go to the Union . " " I wonder you can stand it as you do , " " Why , Sir , I often don't care which foot goes foremost , God surely never meant tbat men should be treated so . "
"Why don't you ask your master to let you S or 8 acres of land !" " Ah , Sir , he won ' t let me have more than half an ere . I wish he would . " ' What rent do you pay for yoar half acre !" "I pay one pound a year , but I would pay 2 pounds before I would want it . " " How do you crop it now t " " I grow potatoes , cabbages , and that like , for myself and family , and generally sell a quarter of an acre . of CurrOtS , Which bring me from £ . 1 to £ 3 , and enable me to pay the shoemaker , and I keep a pig-, that is a great help to us . You see , Sir , if it was uot for my little bit of land we could not live . " " Is j our land about the best on the farm « " . " No , Sir , it is far from that , but I grow more on my half acre , than my master does on any acre and a half . I work only on it at spare hours after my day's work is over , and that like . "
I asked my road-side companion " what he thought of emigration ! Told him of getting lots of land almost for nothing . " Ho told me that he could never save money enough to take himself and family out to America , besides , he had no notion of going to far away places ; bethought men had a right to live in the land of their birth . I next eipliiined to him the Ghnrtist allotment plan . He at first sight , appreciated the practicability of such a scheme , and expressed a hearty wish to be iu possession of £ 5 , and he would be independent of farmers and landlords also . Our conversation next turned on the Game Laws . He said the system of game preserving induced men to poach , and in his own manner , declared tbat our aristocracy had lost all taste for eport , and the question now was , not who was the best sportsman—but whose preserves were best stocked with game , and who wae the best hare and pheasant murderer .
I asked him if lie did not think , ufter all , " That hares , pheasant ? , and land , belonged as much to the people , as they did to either the Duke of Grafton , or any of hia tenantry % " He answered , " They do , and if great folk don ' t make Borne change , it will coma to that ; tve won ' t alsvays be treated thus . " . Such , r « ader , is a trutliful , and in noway overdrawn picture , of the condition and opinions of the agricultural
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population of England . - I hav « conver ted with hundreds of them , and all experience teaches- me that these men are beginning te think . . , ¦ , ¦ . ¦¦ ... . : The above dialogue calls but for little comment , it it pregnant with truth , and speaks for iUelf . Our agri . cultural labourers are men of quiet ' and solitary habltB , and are not prone to open their minds on all occasions , but be familiar with them , and they will unreservedly unfold their thoughts . They possess a strong sense of right and wrong , and are yet destined to play an im portant part inthe revolution now going on . The labourer I have described , pays £ 415 s . a year for a cottage and half im acre offend , the land one mile distant from his home . Tlie small farmer , under the Chartist Co-operative Land Company , pays £ 5 a year for a good cottage and two acres of land adjoining . The small farmer is a freeman , my road-side friend , a hired and dependant serf .
The revolution now begun is not one of destruction , trat ' a revolution for rt-possetsion , not doubting as to right , but resolved to have no theory to puzzle and embarrass the understanding , but a practice to give comfort to the labourer , and produce only to the producer . The general deBireJof all classes to possess the land is only one ofphemany signs of thejtimes—and the Chartists in thie as in other things are nobly taking the lead . The capabilities of the land , have been long 'demonstrated , and tbe Chartists have proved the possibility to possess at least part of it . Aristocracy , moneyocracy , and their institutions , laws , and government , will one day be too old for
the people . The " sacred right of insurrection" against injustice and . fraud , is becoming day by day better understood , and will yet supplant the priestly doctrine of obedience to error . lean fancy ; the day in the better future , when men will universally feel the true spirit of freedom , and any with Thomas Campbell , the poet ;—Eternal nature 1 when tby great hand Had heaved the flood , and fix'd the trembling land , Wben life spraug startling at tby plastic call , Endless her forms , and man the lord of alii Say , was that lonely form inspired by thee , To wear eternal chains and bow the knee ! Was man ordained tbe slave ' of man to toil . Yok'd with the brutes , and fettered to the soil ; Weigh'd in a tyrant ' s balance with his gold ? No;—Nature stamp'd us in a heavenly mould ! She bade no wretch his thankless labour urge , Nor , trembliug take the pittance and the scourge . A Leaf pkoh thb Aknalb of a Shozhakeb ' s Oabbet . -
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: ¦ .. g » TO THB ROMAN CATHOLIC H I ERABCHY OF IRELAND . Right Rev . and Rev . Sies , I have stated that your gratitude so liberally bestowed for the boon of emancipation was abused by Mr , O'Connell , who , with Ua accustomed shrewdness , perceived that by holding you in his intereBt he would be able to command the support of tbe great mass of the population comprising your flocks ; he well knew that if you supported him with your voice , the people would support him with their pence , and as he had an eye to "Banking" speculation , he knew the value of accumulated farthings , and that a certain number of halfpence were equal to a certain amount of sovereigns . He knew , alao , that without your support he could not long enjoy public favour , and thus we find him using his very best endeavours to retain you in his service . He is a moot extraordinary man . A very " camelion" in his political
character . Unlike "Jim Crow , " he does not directly ''Jump about and wheel about ; " but retains his apparent form whilst he varies in his hue . He is never consistent , and his friends of to-day may possibly be classed amongst his enemies of to-morrow . The clergy of the Roman Catholic church were not always so ^ highly esteemed by the Liberator as they now are , for if we remember rightly big testimony before a committea of tba House of Commons wouldmakethnmappeartobenotonly " meanly " descended , but incapable or undeserving to exercise or possess influence amongst the people . This is one of his dark shades , but he becomes black by comparison , when we see him subsequently cringing , and-fawning , and " kissing" the consecrated bands of the very men whom he attempted to malign ; but this has ever been his practice , and his only clamour about "Godless col .
leges" was only raised to link you to him still more firmly . You have heard him say that he could " drive a coach and six betwixt every act of parliament in the Statute book , " and you believe the assertion , and rest upon his legal opinion as the dictum of wisdom herself . He is a Catholic , and goes to mass every day and has a private chaplain to administer to bis spiritual wants , and for this you give him credit with being endowed with the spirit of Christianity , and your pulpits have rung with language little short of blasphemy in laudation of his acts ; but , gentlemen , notwithstanding all this display of piety he "falls" like the just man , not "seven times , but seventy times , " and it is to be regretted that he does so with impunity so far as it regards the clergy . Neither the bishops , nor the priests , nor even his chaplain , appear to have ever impressed upon him that there is such
a command as—'' Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour . " He would have borne false witness against you , " most rev . sirs . He has borne false witness against the last remnant of your national liberty in the persons of the Forty-shilling freeholders . He has brought false witness against every man or set of men who dared to differ with - him on Irish affairs . He has borne false witness against such men as O'Connor , O'Hipgins , and the members of the Irish Universal Suffrage Association , who know and practice true patriotism 1 He has ^ borne false witness against the Chartists of Wales and the people of England , and has offered his services to exterminate the one , and has laboured to procure pains and penalties for the other , for doing tbat which himself approved of , and which he recommended for their adoption . ' In short , be has borne
false witness against every measure which was calculated to expose bis political jugglery or bo in any way detrimental to his interests ; and now we have him bearing false witness ( by his own avowal ) against bis bosom friends and brother repealers , "Young Ireland , " and has he not by the vilest despotism attempted to suppress public opinion by his efforts to annihilate the Nation newspaper ? How can you , Rev . Sirs , come forward and in the face of these facts express your "UNALTERED AND UNALTERABLE CONFIDENCE " in such a man ? Remember the eyes of nations are turned upon his ucts , and if tbe friends of liberty condemn him , and they already do so , you , as ( its abettors , must share tke . odium of having contributed to delude and cheat your countrymen . Yon are too easily imposed upon , gentlemen . Your special pleader knows how to "blarney , " and
make sweet speeches to win your confidence ; he has the happy knack ( for him ) of hitching on a little rag of religion to tbe fag end of a political jumble , and thereby throws dust in you ; eyes to prevent you seeing the real nature of tbe questions wbicb he proposes ; but all this trickery will not do , the cheat must be discovered sooner or later , and if the clergy cannot or will not see it , the world will see it , and the people of Ireland are beginning to see it , and will all soon know the true reason why Repeal has been sacrificed to Whig patronage ; and there can be no doubt when tbat hour shall arrive , the people will fly from the liberator as ' they would from a serpent . And then I would ask you what will your position be f Unaltered and unalterable S , Mo I No ! That must not be ! You must be where you ought to be , with your flocks : the "Liberator" (!) will be no
companion for jou ; he is not a fit one now to le&d you to political redemption for his measures falsely taken"hypocritically " , kept , are now "knavishly" forsaken ! A nd the judgment of every man in Christendom , who is a lover of political honesty , has fallen upon him ; even the Whigs , to whom be has sold bis country and himself , ridicule his inconsistency and despise him for his duplicity . Hasten , then , let me implore of you to sever a connexion ivnich is so injurious to your country . Bestir yourselves , and make atonement for the errors of the past , by advocating such measures as will be profitable to the community , and which will give " Ireland" to the " Irish" and make the Irish people happy and prosperous . Leave the old political sinner to the tender mercies Qflm conscience , which will one day , perhaps , frighten him into repentance of his numberless transgressions
against his country , and let him have solitude to indulge in reflection upon the iniquity of the traffic , which could barter the interests of the poor for vile and filthy license , 0 . ' Rev . Sirs , when the wasted forms of desolate widows and famished orphans shall flit before his eyes—when their last convulsive sighs and grouns shall be borne on the wind to disturb his slumbers ; let him if he wili pray for mercy , but never let bim hope to obtain it until he ceases to " hunger , " after the FLESH POTS OF THE PEOPLE'S ENEMIES . I have now shown that ysur agitation for repeal was not based on political honesty , and I will now endeavour to prove to you that the materials which you use , and your mode of applying them , cannot be depended on , and that it is impossible with such various and conflicting elements , where self is the ruling spirit , to render your agitation
other tbun what is ; a failure and a disgrace to the l » aders of it ; and in this assertion , I class the principles of the two parties " Old and Young Icelanders ; " they are botli in error , and no matter wh'ch may henceforth assume the leadership , they are both equally lesponsible fur the consequences which must arise , and which now exists through pursuing a course of policy whicb , in i ts vury nature is opposed to political reason and common honesty . Without consistency of principle and honesty of intention , " no cause can stand or cs > n deserve to Stand for it has ever been the policy of the people ' s enemies te diride their councils , and thereby . thwart their measures . As soon as diasention manifests itself , tbey labour to engender a spirit of rivalship , and widen the breach by every secret means within their power , and having at length succeeded in their crafty designs ,
it only remains for them to make an offer to whichever leaders chose to accept it of a certain amount of mercy or patronage , ( which is the same , ) to bribe them to relinquish the agitation , and to complete the destruction of a party whose power they dread to meet in open and honourable conflict . By this means ,. they effectually frustrate the efforts of the people , and what is most remai'kablu , geuerally contrive to escape unsuspected of being the promoters of the nefarious traffic ) ; and the buse leaders , who arc guilty of such horrid perfidy , contrive to walk out of the transaction with smiling and sanctimonious countenances ; they plead some important necessity or visitation of Providence , as an excuse for broken promises and violated faith ; and even th people themselves—too generous in their nature—art mure inclined to bclicvu in the miserable subterfuge , than to examine its truth . There are iu society a number of men who live by
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their wits , or on tbe credit of a former reputation ; an " If bychance the last hasi failed toTpfbcure the" needful , ' their , inventive genius , is immediately put into requisition to manufacturer mode by which they : can ' ¦ ' , raise the wind . " These individuals are generally great ene . mie » to personal labour , and have the greatest ' horror of being supposed to have any affinity with the vulgar and productive classes ; they possess nothing , but their impudence , seasoned , perhaps , with their ignorance—and ttieir laziness is proverbial . These individuals must ,, however , be fed ! they will be dressed in the bargain , if they can ; they will even condescend to live upon the productions of the low and vulgar herd , whom they despise : and sooner than suffer privation , or demean them , selves by labouring for their bread , they will do anything
nnd everything in their power to quarter themselves upon the nation ! Now , Reverend Sirs , to render your position , as h regards Repeal , so simple that the meanest capacity raay ' understand it , I will suppose the case of a man calculating on the merits of a former reputation , and casting about him for a measure by which he can re . plenish his coffers . A skilful auctioneer will at once open a shop , and if he be a political one , he would as soon sell his own father er himself as he would any other article of commerce , provided always that ready money and full value be the terms of transfer . When Ruch a man commences business , it is his interest to magnify his abilities « nd descant on the merits of the stock he has to sell—or , in plain terms , to " puff" himself aHd it as much as possible . ' The next great and in ;
dispensable thing is to surround himself with a suitable ' number of assistants to act as clerks , porters , and gentlemen to bid against honest purchasers , and to raise the price or the commodity , and by that means , of course , earn a flh re of the plunder . Only think of the scene ta be enacted , stripped of all its tinsel and flimsy covering ! Go to Tattersall'a , or Dysart ' s , and witness the sale of some old , worn-out hack , which may have changed masters every year of its l ife , and see how the very last drop of its blood is excited to make it move upon limbs which have lost their muscular power . Fancy yourselves , gentlemen , at Conciliation ( f ) Hall , Mullagnamast , or Tara ' s Hill , and flee your poor country led along like ' an old hack , with a halter round her neck , by the . auctioneer ' s lacquey . Hear the man with the "hammer" sell bis victim !
"Erin is a fine animal , gentlemen—strong wind and limb ; though she lost a great deal of blood on this very spot—the grass is red yet : Repealis bid for her . Re . pnal , once , twice . Show her up a bit . Repeal if bid for herl" < :...:. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ = ¦ : ¦ - •¦ " A Voic »— " Justice to Ireland for her !" "Thank you , Sir ; justice to Ireland—that ' s somethins : to begin with . Trot her down again , and let the gentlemen see her , " ; National education for her . " < " That ' s a Tory bid , I can't take it . Trot her up and down again . There she goes , gentlemen ! See what » " TAIL" she carries ! Who bids more for her ! Justice once—twice— -Repeal and Justice for her 1 " " Whirs in office for her 1 "
" Did 1 hear a hid , gentlemen 1 . Thank you , my Lord ; I knew you could appreciate the lvalue of so noble an animal . Trot her up ant ) down again , You see wbat symmetry and grace she possesses .. I can assure you , gentlemen , she is equal to any weight ; her speed is astonishing : and she is aj sure of foot as a mountain goat . Whigs in for her ! Notice , gentlemen ; I pledge my veracity she never kicks or bites . I have trained her myself , gentlemen ; therefore , I can warrant her . Repeal and Whigs in office for her—air done ? " —Trot her down once more—only look at her again , my Lerd ; she is going as cheap as dirt ! Shalll say a little more for you ! I assure your Lordship she requires very little food to keep her in condition , Shall I gay a little more ? Once—twice—all done I "Patronage !" " Thank your Lordship ; I knew she would fall to you . Patronage once—twice—third and last time—Patronage —Whig Patronage ! -GONE ! I !"
. And tLus Enn is knocked down , and the sacrelipeous hand which struck the blow is stretched out to clutch the deposit , and to grasp tbe money-bag which contains the "thirty pieces of silver , " and the modern Judas betrays his country with a kiss , and c « nsi ; n * eight millions of his fellow-creaturos to a life of toil , misery , and despair . Gentlemen , your office is one of peace ; yeu profess to be dispensers of Christian charity ; you preach against slander and hypocrisy—I hope you art lovers of genuine truth . I believe you to be so , and have confidence in your integrity , when the scale shall have dropped from your eyes—I have hope tbat when you see the error in politics to which you have given support , that you will be amongst the first to remedy the evil ; for it is melancholy to reflect on the abuse of your confidence ; his painful to know that if you and the people only exercised half the energy you have exhibited—if properly directed
—your country would ere now have havi been inadif . ferent condition to wbat she is , and the people would ere long be In a position in which they would learn to despite the arts of pelitical speculators , and be beyond the reach of land grubbers and " middlemen , " whom you know to be the curse and bane of Ireland . As the friend to whom you are so'" unalterably attached" is <> ne of this class , I will endeavour in my next to point out a few of the sideral measures which he has declared to be ntces . sary either to the attainment of Repeal or its efficacy ; their fallacy will be apparent , and your convictions will , I hope , be strengthened by comparing them with tbe acts of other nations and people who had to struggle for their freedom , as tbe Iri » h bare ; and I further hope , tbat their example will not be without its salutaty effects on your future political careers . . . I am , Right Reverend and Reverend Sirs , Tour most obedieDt Servant , W . H . CtlFTOK ,
Ptftift Iieetm^S*
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Poob Man's Guahdian SociETr . —A public meeting , called by the Poor Man ' s Guardian Society , was'held on Tuesday night , at the Princess ' s Concert-room , to investigate the " frightful case of death from starvation of Louisa Mordaunt , from the cruel neglect of the board of truardians ; " and also to take into consideration the disgusting tales of uncleanliness in Marylebone workhouse . The members of the borough had been invited , but Sir 8 . Hall was unable to attend ; and . Sir G . Napier , in his reply to the communication , dnubted whether a public meeting was the proper place for auch an inquiry ; he thought it the province of the vestry chosen by the ratenayers , to punish the ' board of guardians . Mr . Cabbell , M . P ., took the chair . The meeting was then addressed by Mr . C . Cochranc , who moved a resolution declaratory of its full confidence that the verdict of the jury in the case of Louisa Mordaunt was a just and conscientious one , and denouncing the
treatment she received as a disgrace to a Christian country . Another resolution , condemning ihe . present Poor Law , and its administration , was adopted ; and a third , founded on the two former , establishing an Auxiliary Poor Man's Guardian Society for Marylebone , as the best means of protecting the destitute against the oppression there practised . Statements were made during the evening of gross cases of neglect and mismanagement in several metropolitan parishes ; notwithstanding the attention drawn to it , it is said that in St . Pancras " the shed" is still , as before the late inquiries , in a wretched condition ; in St . Giles ' s and Bloomsbury cases of extreme cruelty and suffering have occurred very recently , proving the necessity , of a searclring investigation . There was a disposition in a small part of the meeting to interrupt these statements , but no open contradiction was given them . The resolutions were moved and seconded by Messrs . Ochrane , Hoggins , Hillis , Dr . Stoddart , Dr . Bird , < fcc .
Thb Parish op St . Pancras and thb Poor Law Commissioners . —At a meeting of the directors and guardians of the Poor of St . Pancras , held on Tuesday , a mandate from the Poor Law Commissioners was read , containing rules for tbe future management of the poor , and assuming absolute control over the parish . The rules and regulations of the Commissioners are divided into twelve sections—viz ., admission of paupers , classification of paupers , discipline and diet of paupers , punishments for
misbehaviour of paupers , visiting committee , repairs and alterations of the workhouse , qualifications of officers , continuance of officers and supply of vacancies , and duties of workhouse officers . The Commissioners order that the rules shall bo in force after the expiration of twenty-one days from the date of the mandate . The communication was received by the guardians with great indignation , and they expressed a determination to resist the application of the rules . On the motion of Mr . Douglas , tlie matter was reterred to the vestry .
Peacb Society . — A lecture was delivered in Union-street Chapel . Southwark , by the Rev , J . Jefferson , Secretary of the Peace Society , on Tuesday evening , for the purpose of explaining the principles of that institution , and of showing the barbarous and unchristian nature of the war system which it was established to abolish . In the outset the lecturer stated that from the effects already made by the Society , from the information infused into the public taiad by the traets printed by it , and the lectures delivered by its agents , tending , as all these did , to prove the inconsistency of war with the spirit of Christianity , to a considerable extent the public mind had been led to inquire into , and investigate the subject ; and he was sure if such investigation ind inquiry became more general , and if the Christian public would try the question by the standard of
truth , the period could not be _ tar distant when the f lowing prophecies of tlie Scriptures would receive their fulfillments , and the nations would study war no more . lie wished to speak of war as it existed in connection with the governments of the world , more especially civilised governments ; and in this respect lie considered , it an organization to effect that by force which ought and could be more effectually done by reason and persuasion . He called on the meeting to use their efforts togeUhewarsyatem altogether abolished , and the nations of the earth be blessed by its hallowed influence . They had got the stain of slavery blotted out from the annals of the countrylet them uso tlie same efficient means , and the war system would also soon become ranked among past evils .
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^ Fibld-Lamb : Ragged ScHoot ; -. The-sttt , * meeting - . of the . friends and subscribers ofW *^ lai ^ Ragged Schoo l * was held at th ^ The ^ P J ' - Mechanics ' InBtitution , Soatham ptonStlfdS ^ th « TueBdoj , afternoon . Therewa 9 averVnnin Lrf' « i tendance of ladies who have takenWC ^ rescmngthe destitute children of thisdXff " > rice and d . sease , and in training themffih industry , and morality . . The Bight Hon . Lori ft * ley was called to the chair , and opened the busft of the meeting by observing , that the friends offt Fwld-lane Ragged Schools had assembled thaff me to make an appeal to the Christian public t order that theyH&bt be enabled to openVfree d » o ° f ° hr \ a- Kield-lane Ragged Schois were f £ sSInfoS < l }\ F im > atNoBi wand « . ft Smttnneld , _ but tbe committee deeply felt that th . instruction they wereenabled to impart being ffinfi to four hours on Sundays and two hours on Thur £ day _ evenings . was ; quite inadeouate tn »«*? £
wants ot the neighbourhood < . Mr . Aston , the SeZ S ^ rtf- rt ? rJpf f detaili " the O P « « £ Sli h A * mi \™ J- The average number of Sft lrT K to m ' the receipts J wL th " dthe disbursements to £ 60 . Me . David & « r wl ? H- Clarke ' tbe Rev - Mr ; Mum ? t £ 2 T * ^ ^ ' R « v - - Hughes , Mr . Payne Lieutenant Blackmore , arid other gentlemen had ad ! dressed the meeting , appropriate resolutions , wer pased , and after a vote of thanks to the noble chair man , the proceedings terminated .
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ANOTHER DEATH FROM DESTITUTION . An inquest wag held or Tuesday night , by the Cil » Coroner , at St . George ' i Workhouse , Sonthwark , on th ! body of John Traey , aged 64 , who died from starvation in a lodging house in the Mint . The bod y presented » most deplorable sight , being nothing more than a fe » bones . Tha feet appeared S 6 dden with wet and mud ,,, if the poor old creature had for many weeks been co » . pelled to tramp about the streets without shoes or anj kind of covering to protect them from the inclemency o ( the weather , His clothing consisted of a few filth * rags . J Cornelius O'Brien , of 5 , Vine-yard , Mint , said the dt , ceased first came to led ge at his house on Thursday night , but he AiA not see him wrtU ? ri ( Jaj night . Hj then came rery ragged and distressed to the door , md
they admitted him , but he had no money or any signs of any , and was very old and feeble . When he got into the room be Bhook and trembled so mncb , and appeared as if he would get right into the fire . A woman ff « making gruel by the fire , and tbe deceased begged of her to give him a drop . She did so , and he drank it scalding hot , but trembled so violently all the while tbat the ba . sin dropped . Witness said to him— . " Why , old m&n ' you are dying , " when he replied— " Oh , no , I shall be all right . " He then led him up stairs to his bed . Ths following day , between eleven and twelve o ' clock , wit . ness ' s wife told him that the old man was not up . He wtmt ap stairs , and supposing the man was dying , sent for a doctor , but before he arrived , the old man ex » pired .
By the Coroner;—He told me that he wa « tnativsof Kildare , and was never married . I said to him , "' Why did you uot apply for relief t" When he replied , " t went there , but they pushed me away from the door , ani I fell from weakness . " He farther said , that it waist St , George ' s workhouse , and that It was on the Thursday when he applied . He never had any food after th » gruel until he died . A woman said she saw him pushed down . Mr . Robinson , the master of the workhoure , entered into an explanation , and said that it was not improbable the deceased had been pushed down by other parties waiting for relief , but he wag positive none of the officer * present had done it . Messrs . Carslake and Lockhart , the relieving officers , and William Benton , the door-keeper , all swore positively , tbat if such a circumstance a » the deceased bein ? pushed down had occurred , they must have knewn it . They never saw him . on the Thursday .
The Coroner summed up at great length , renarking upon the dreadful sufferings of the deceased from cold and want , which it was evident he had for some titr . » felt . With regard to the application for relief , itwai evident that he had not applied , although he was at the workhouse door , but unfortunately he had gone to the wrong one . " The Jary returned a verdict—Xataral Death accelerated by want .
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An Unwelcome Visitor . —Last week the inmates of the Fountain Hotel , Sheerness , were much alarmed by the following occurrence ;—Shortly after Mrs . Gregory , the landlady , had retired to rest , she heard her bedroom door opened and shut , but imagining it to be her husband she took no notice of it : but the opening of the door a second time attracted her attention , when she saw , from the dim light of a night shade , a short figure , which she concluded was that of her mother , who slept in an adjoining room ; however , shortly afterwards hearing a rustling noise under her bed , at the same tims noticing a smell as of something burning , she became alarmed , and hastening to her mother's bedroom for assistance , returned to her own bedroom and looking under the bed discovered the naked feet of a man . Alarmed
at the circumstance . tbey immediately ran down stairs for help , when Mr , Gregory , accompanied by the waiter , proceeded to theroom . The fellow having been disturbed in bis concealment attempted io inake-his escape , and which he would have effected at the moment but fox . two gentlemen who were staying at the hotel , and who intercepted him in his attempted flight . He was then handed over to the watchman , from whose custody he escaped , and running down to the pier took refuge in a barge lying alongside . The crew being aroused quickly routed the intruder from his retreat , and after inflicting on him a severe chastisement , he was suffered to depart . He was dressed in the garb of a sailor , and under Mrs . Gregory ' s bed were found his stockings with a piece of burnt rag , which he is supposed to have ignited , for what purpose does not appear .
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CORN EXCHANGE , December 14 . Great excitement prevailed during the past week in wheat , flour , Indian corn , and bread stuffs , and a very large business was done for consumption , for Ehipmeut to Ireland , and for exportation , and also some quantity brought on speculation . The weather is very coid , and a 6 evere frost continues to make it an early commencement of winter . At this day ' s market the supply of English wheat u-us moderate , Factors atfivst demand very Uigb rates , and the stands were ultimately clarcd at 2 s . to i ) s . per qr . over the currency of this day week .
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PROVINCIAL MARKETS .
Richmond ( Yobkshibe ) Corn Market . —We had a thin supply of grain iu our market to day . Wheat sold from 7 s . to 9 s . Kd . ; oats , 3 s . to 4 s . 3 d . ; barley , 4 s . 9 d ,, to 5 s . ; beans , 5 s . to 5 s . 3 d ., per bushel . Manciikstkk Cor . v Market . —Influenced by the improved reports from the London , Lirerpool , and Wakefield markets held ou Friday , holders of wheut at our Corn Exchange this morning firmly demanded au enhancement of id . to -t d . per 70 lbs . Flour was also held for an advance of Is . to 2 s . per sack and barrel , which , however , rather checked sales . Warkington Corn Market . —There was a fair attendance at the market , and it was well supplied with new wheat from the farmers , which was freely bought by the millers at 4 d . to ( id . per . bushel advance . Hull Cokn Market . —At this uay ' f market we had a fair supplj \ of wheat from the farmers , for which our millers paid the price of last week . Birmingham Corn Exchange . — During' the week a good deal of business has been done in wheat , at fully previous currency .
Newcastle Cohn Market . —Our farmers brought a moderate supply of wheat to market to-day , but we had a fair show ot samples from the coast , and the attendance of buyers being small , caused a dull sale for all descriptions of quality , at a reduction of one 6 billing per qr . on the prices of Saturday last . Wakefi £ u > Corn Market . —Owing to adverse winds , we hare no arrivals from the East cost , which causes our market to be very bare of samples . The quantity o £ wheat offering is inadequate to the demand , and an advance of Is . to 2 s . per or . is readily obtained .. Liverpool Corn Makket . —Two or three foreign ves-¦ els have worked up , but with this exception contrary winds have again limited the week ' s supply ot grain , meal , aud flour . The improvement noted in our grain market last Tuesday has been followed by alawo huain »« s in the leading articles of the ti'iide , for . consumitioa , for ehiA v . nent and on speculation , aud prices contiuue to uuvance . Wheat must be noted 3 d . to 4 d . per bushel , flour , 2 s . per barrel nnd sack , Indian corn 5 s . per qr . oats 2 d . and barley 3 d . per bushel higher than on Tuesday last .
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o STATE OF TRADE . Leeds . —The cloth markets have bee n very dull both on Saturday and Tuesday , the home houses are buying nothing but to order , aud the foreign houses are scarcelj in the market at nil . Manchxsteb . —Our cloth and yarn markets are parnl . yscd by the advance on the stap le;—little in consequence , doing , and prices are perfectly unquotable . BRADvoBD .-Combing woolsai-eiumoi-edemand ; this arises partly from the spinners being low in stock , ana partly from an impression that the stap lers will not submit to lower prices . There is no variation in P « ces . lliuFixJ . We have no alteration to uotioo in either ^ sss ^ issst ^ af «« - "" - sasr&JrtssK ^ fU ,. wi " : ari «! Sfss-. JSif BUiuhcurm at . »« i » S ?»•»¦¦ £ .
• , ,., a . ' ° w !«» STii-si : . te «» st .. om « J .. i «« fc ; ti > ; wa- ^^ SISrsS done in Manchester , ^ « -W u « ^ ofUu > the cotton market in UveitKK I : niuL H « ^ ft £ an nd . from the enhanced prices oi ^ ™ ' / j " r . vauce of five per cent in Ho . 8 J and uuuli .
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Untitled Article
THE NORTHERN STAR . December ia , ff .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 19, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1397/page/6/
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