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>EMOCRAT1C COMMITTEE FOR POLAND'S REGENERATION.
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REPORT OF OCCURRENCES IS POLAND , AUD FACTS CONSECTED WITH THE CAUSE OF POLAND'S RE . 6 ESEIUTI 0 N . DtcEMBEB , 1846—Jam dart , 1847 . The Confiscation op Cracow which was r moured , and generally credited , when this committee assembled on the 23 rd of November last , was within a day or two after that date . atcerlained to be ' an accomplished fact . " The Northern Star of November 23 d , contained the Austrian Kaiser ' s proclamation announcing the annexationthe conclusion of the long and horrible conspiracy of
which Poland lias been the victim . At the public meeting of this Committee on the 30 th of November , resolutions were unanimously passed condensing this , among other atrocities , and invoking the ustice of mankind oh the head of Poland ' s assassins . The resolntions we .. nblished in the Morning Advertise , Sun , Northtri Star , and Rtforme . At the public meeting of tin' Committee , a resolution was pawed that a sub-committee alonld draw up and publish an address to the IVople of Grea- Britain and Ireland , which wa = <;•> e ; and the address bearing date De * cember ? th . was published in the Horning Advertiser and Northern Star . The Committee must here call attention to v . tt-ious public documents of treat imwit
portance—' o : — The " A-ldn-s * of the Central Polish Committee of Paris , "—tl « ' Rrtdutiotw of tae Democratic Poles assembled in London , " the address of " The Democracy of Franco to the Democracy of Europe , " the answer of" Democratic Poland to " the French Democracy , " and t ! ie address of " The Fraternal Democrats ( assemMins in London ) to the Democracy of Europe . " Tiie Committee also desire to acknowledge the important services of the pre-s , particularly the Northern Star , Homing Advortistr , apd Sun ( London journals ) and the National , Reform , and Demoerati faeiji que ( Pari * journals ); these organs of public opinion are entitled to our warmest praise for their advocacy of the rights of the Polish people .
The Resolutions passed at the public meeting of this Committee on the 30 th of November , and the Committee ' s Address of the 7 th of December , were forwarded to Lord Palraeraton , Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs . At a meeting held on the 16 th of December , at the National Hall . Holborn ( not called by this Committee ) , Dr . Bnwring presided , and renewed hi § pledge to brine the qn-jstien of Polish nationality before Parliament . The Occurrences in
Polasd known to thi * Committee since the 23 rd of November last , may be briefly stated . Letters from Cracow exhibit many tyrannical and insolent acts of the newly established Austrian Government . According to very late accounts , Galiicia was still in a state of sieze . Letters from Limber ? state that thirty-four of the military prisners have been sentenced to be imprisoned in chains for different periods between eight and twenty veara . tatters from Vienna state the arrest of Dpmbinsky . one « f th « chiifs in the late insurrection . letters from Thorn , of December 15 , state that upwsxds of three hundred persons were lately inj > rij <> u at Warsaw , that some of these had been banished u > Sib . ria , and others hanued in the
citadel . A horrifving a « 'c « unt of the sufferings of Thk Polish Pbisoseiw is Siberia . Arpaired in a reevnt number of a Polish journal , published in Paris , and was transferred to several of the Paris and Lond <» i papers . This account h from the penofa Pole . Rufin Pi .. trnw * ki , a soldier of the Revolution of 1930 , and inlitical emigrant , who , under an Italian iuta ^ , returned to hi > country in 1843 . Havinu been discoveied he was for no other effenee that ) that of bring in his native country , banished to Sibeiia . After siifivriu . e two jears ot intolerable misery he attempted and effected his escape . From the anpallinp account of his adventures we take the following extract : — *• The number of Poles exiled in Siberia exceeds 50 . 000 ; many
are put to h ; ir bank of a river , and to be afterwards their unid-. The Pule * having musterci On the bank on ti . e rmr in the nuht , the peasant took them to an island , and under
oretext of ascertain ! mr whether they were watchrd went to give information to the -uperintendant of Hie works ; the poor ex'les w ** re compelled to surrender , &nd were thrown into yrUoa . Peter W ysoski , the hero of so many bottled was condemned to receive 1 , 500 blows of the s'ick ; he underwent his sentence trith the constancy * , t a martyr , and after beine Cured , he was sent to the fonres * at Akatui , situated farther to the east ; to w .. rk at the forti cations ; there he works , conversing with no « ne , anil shuts bimse'f up in his hut at night . " The Abbe Sieracinski and some others doomed to Siberian horrors for having taken part in the insurrection of 1830 , having planned to a-, tempt au escape , and the plan being discovered *«• ¦ .-, after three years impnsenirent , .-entenced to receive some " thousand *" of blows of t ! ie stick . Tiie s-enteiiee of the AUbe Sieraciobki and 4 others wx * " < even thnimnd blows
each . " At the appealed time for thi- san ^ uinarv act , two battalliors of 1 , 000 each were upon the public place . All Poles had been excluded fr . ra these battalions , one of which w . is to inflict the sentences of 7 , 000 blows , and the other the Icns . t punishments . According to ihu Russian militar ? cjde Of Punishment , the sticks us- d in the application <> f the bastinado are to be of * uch a tuickness that three Cf them may be put ton * tuer m the barrel of ; i regulation musket ; but the stu-ks usei on the : M * c Sieracinski and the others were so thick that thev could be but with diffi-uUy put in a musket barrel " . According to the same regulation , the soldier * are to be in close columns , and not to move their elbows when in the act o » striking , but on this occasion there was a distance of one step between < ach man ; and they were ordered to put their right foot forward , and to raise their arm , in order to strike with all their might . The infliction commenced on ihos * .-
» entenc « d to 7 , 000 blows ; but the Abbe Sieracinski was left to be the last of them . Tiie prisoner * , naked to the waist , were led , each in his turn , fourteen times through the ranks ( two soldiers striking at once counts but fw one blow ) . When the prisoner falls exhausted , he is raised up and placed on & bench , where he is made to receive the remainder of his punishment . When the Abbe SieraciimkiV torn arrived , a doctor went up to him and offe - * d bim drink , but he refused , and walked up to bis executioners , singing the psalm , " Misere mei Deus !" As he was weak , —his constitution shattered by long privation , —he fell alter receiving 1 , 000 blows ; he wa ? then taken up , placed on the bench , made to
kneel , his hands tied b hind his back a i as not t < i protect it , and his head tied to a stake . In this position he was taken round in front of his executioners . He till breathed at the 4 , 0 ii 0 blow , lid shortly after expired , and more than 2 , 000 hhws were inflicted on his lifeless corpse ! Tht others also sentenced to 7 , 000 blows expired during the infliction , except « ine , who was spared because h : was ill . After having regained his health , he was aent to Nertchwski , but , havjog become mad , he killed himself the day before the execution . The b » die 8 of the five victims were buried near Omsk . " These atrocities require no comment , those responsible for them we commend to the vengeance oi mankind .
On the faith of the Nurembtrg Correspondent we bare assurauces of the EXTINCTION Or THK NAH 8 OF POLAND . "We have received , " g ays that journal , * accomnt from Warsaw , which announce that , according to an imperial order , Poland has actually ceased to exist , and that it is incorporated with the Russian empire . Warsaw is plumed in consternation , and affliction it depicted on every countenance . A roramisrton ha * been appointed to regulate the financial affairs ot the kingdom , and when those are arranged the fact of the incorporation is to be promulgated . " It has been state < i that the Russian governor ( Prinea Paikewisch'lias urd ' -rs in the event of any r « volutisoary movement , to fire from the citadel on Warsaw and utterly destroy it .
" he Ruvimi despotism has assembled a large Way on the frontiers ot Cracow and Galiicia , for what purpose it ie not easy to divine , though rumour asserts that the three robber powers are any thing but Jiarmonious with each other . The Protests or thk French and English Governments A 0 &IN 6 T TH 6 AfltiKXATIOS OF CRACoW , Are matter * < -f public notoriety . We have already made knoffn our views ok to the English protest ( see tiie address of ttte 7 tl - »» V December ); the " protest " of the French Goveruraert U cq'ially a delusion ; a diplomatic i-ham . _ of the of
The hollownesB and t-il ^ e ! iuod speech the " King of the French . " so far as it relates to the Cra-Cow questio : i , is tou evident to need comment . There is nioie apparent earnestness in the words cxpreFsed by Q , * - . eu Victoria on the openiuj ; of the JBntinti Parliament , but it i » evident to this committee that the s ; d words are mer « " " claptrap , " not iuteoded to b fallowed by deeds which would attest their !> iucerit > Tiie oouiia ' ittvtdirfct the « erious attention of the Briiith pt . j ^ le to the i > ranniual and insolent inter , ference oi tue thnje despotic powers with th * affairs © f Swiuriau . i . The tracts are evidcotly determined to Poluniizing SwiUvrliuid , if the nations of TVeitem Ku «< jjh > Uo not ria » to pievtit ihem . The gittwiug * i . ir » t of hostility to . \ uslria through-Out Itaiy , is highly ituporUnt , and betokens io all jwrolaaUlity , a atnifglo agaiust deipotiua ia tbat
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country . Lastly , this Committee congratulates th haters of tyranny on the new victories named by th heroic Schamyl , and the heroes of the Caucasus over the armies of the Tsar . G . JuMAK Habnrt , Secretary .
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PCBLIC COOKIXO OVKNS FOR THK WoRKlNa ClISSBB . —We derive the following descri ption from a recent Austrian publication : — " Public cooking ovens have been established amongst the Jewish community at Prague for years past . This sect of religionists ' deserve the credit of everywhere maintaining their own poor . The construction and working of these ovens is the following -. —They are common baking ovens , of round or oblong form , as best suits the locality . Their external wall , however , is furnished with a number of mural shelves and niches , the use of which shall be presently explained . They are heated and open to the public at a very early hour , when ( nt Prague , at least ) the working people go to their wo > k . Hither , therefore , they bring their meals , either for breakfast , but most usually dinner or supper , after
the work of the day has been performed . The cook receives their dishes , and p laces on them a label , whose utility is particular , and muBt be briefly explained . The people bringing their meals for preparation may have them returned at any reasonable hour : some even wait for them . But suppose a person brings a dish early in the morning , which he doe « not want but at night , then the ceok places it in one of the many tin labels at hand , on which all hours of day and night , with their fourth divisions , are inscribed . Thus , a pers on wanting his meal at a quarter pa-t nine p . m ., a label to that effect is placed on the vessel . The charge is from one to four farthings per dish , according to sire and trouble required . If the per « "n docs not call at the appointed hour , the meals are kept warm in the above shelves .
Fkiohtpbl Accident . —Dr . Dawson , who resides ia Southgate in this town , ( Wakeficld , ) had been on what is called a professional" round , " and returning home he and the lad , who were in a phsoton got out , the last to obtain a drink of water for the horse , and while they were both away , the horse set ot at full gallop down the street . At the bottom of the street , there is a warehouse which hat cellars four or five yards below the level of the street , and before the wall of the warehouse there is a strong iron palisadeing , about half a yard from the wall , the horse ran against th ¦ palisade with such force that it knocked down about two yards of palisade , when the poor animal got entangled and fell head foremost , sev « ring one of its hind legs from its body . A man and woman were pa-sing at the time , but escaped by running up some steps , not a yard from the place where the horse ran . The horse ( said t * have been worth more than a hundred pounds ) was killed . Gl ircESTRRsaiRB . —Manslauortbr . —The
Metropolitan and City police have received information that a Coroner s inquest had been held upon the body of a man named Thomas Isaacs , who died from injuries received by Thos . Brown , at Breatn ' s-grecn , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , and that a verdict of manslaughter was recorded agiinst the said Thomas Brown , who has absconded . A proper description of the person and dress is in the possession of the police , of Brown , who is supposed to be working upon tram roads in some part of Wales , Distress ih Paulei . —We some weeks ago expressed the belief that , by a few dajg after the beginning of the yew , theraont of the unemployed band * would be taken up . In this we regret to find th » t we hare bi-en disappointed , and , as far from diminishing , the number of the deitituti- ig increasing . It is calculated that tbe number at present out of employment , with their dependent * , will be upwa'ds of 5 , » 00 . The number receiving relief is b"Uta balfmore tban it was * few week- | tt . 'O , and many cases oi destitution amon * widows andorptiam it it painful to contemplate . —Renfrewshire Advtrfuet .
A Jfboic ' s Summing Up . —Mr . Sergeant Adams , whose singularities and eccentricities occasionally produce such merriment in the court over which he presides , heard a case on Menday at the Middlesex Sesiions , in which a lad stole apiece of pudding from an eatinghnuae-keeper ' s in Clerkenwell . The evidence having been gon ? through , the Learned Judge theu summed up— ' Gentleman of the Jury , you have heard this c ; ise—off goe < the pudding—off goes the boy—off gees the woman ; she captures him bolting d wn a court , and h > re you have the boy , pudding , and women before you ; gentlemen , consider your verdicl . " At tbe close of this lucid and satisfactory address , the jury turned to each other in
thair bin , and were soon in deep consultation . The impatient Ju-Jge hastily exclaimed , "Good God , gentlemen , what are you deliberating about ; the case is clear enough . " Thissettled the poor jurymen atonce , and turning round in alarm they found the prisoner Guilty . His love of pudding got him a < i . oath ' s imprisonment , with the plcuant prospect of ; i whipping b y the gaolers at tbe end of the first fortnight . [ We extract the above from a morning paper . Uur contemporary seems to think Mr . Serjeant Adam ' s " summing u / ' a capital joke , we think it a disgusting mockery , and , if the above is trne , the judge , in our opinion , much more degervea whipping tban the boy who stole the
puddu . e / 1 ITDsate from Isteupbranck . —On Tuesday . evenins ; » -i inquest , was held nt the Tailors' Arms , Clement ' s'ane , by Mr . Hndfird , on the body of Jnhn Lawrence , a labourer , aged forty-seven , who was found lead at his lodging , 21 , Clement ' s-lane , In conse quence o ! a report that deceased ' s death ensued from juries sustained during a pugilistic rencontre , the inquest room was crowd d , but the evidence clearly proved that he died from apoplexy , the result of intemperance , and a verdict accordingly was returned .
Risk in tub Prick op Provimonb . — V ? ithin the lut few days a great additional vise has taken place in the pric «! of all kinds of provisions in he metropolis . Potatoes are now selling in Covent-gardn market at the rate of 2 d and 2 Jd per lb . The quartern lo * f is at present at the enormously hif > h price of lid and Is . Egi ; s are selling at 2 s 6 d . per dozen , or 2 \ each . A proportionate rise has taken i -laiein the price of the various kinds of vegetables , accompanied by a very scanty supply even at the hi ^ h prices demanded .
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COBX EXCHANGE , Jandart 18 . At this day ' s market there was a fair show of English wheat , which realised a further advance of Is to 2 s ever t e currency of this day week . In free foreign there was a moderate extent of business done at a similar improvement . Floating cargoes of Indian corn and wheat , ne tr at hand , in great request , but hardly any to be had , and for cargoeR that will not arrive for two months , 2 a more per quarter is freely offered .
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Richmond ( Yorkshire ) Cobv Maiket , Jan . 16 . —We had a fair supply of grain in our market to-day . Wheat sold from 9 s . to 10 s . 3 d . ; oats , 3 b . 4 d . o 4 s . lOd . ; barley . 5 s . to 6 a . ; beans , 6 b . to Cx . Cd . per bushel . TTabmngton Cobm Mabkit . —The attend me ¦ was good at our market , and we bad a fair supply of new wheat from tbe farmers , which fetched from 6 d . to 9 d . per bushel more money . Hull C » en Market . —At this day ' s market we hud a good show of wheat from the farmers , but chiefly in bad condition . High and irregular prices > ver » asked , but on the business done we quote 2 s . 10 3 s . per quarter advance . BiftHMQHAX Cork Mabki-. t . —During the present week there has been less anxiety u > purchase wheat , though an adraice of Is . to 2 s . p-r qr . may in some instances , have been , obtained . ITAXcniLD Cork Uabket . —The arrivals of whe . it and oats arc large but of other grain only moderate ; there was a damand from consumers and speculators , and all qualities of wheat are Is to 2 s higher . Beans and barley 1 * higher ; aud Id per stone dearer . In shelling no chanre .
Mancbeht £ » Corn Market . —At our market this moming holders of wheat were firm in requiring an advance of 2 dto 5 dper 701 bs . Flour was likewise held for Is per shcIc and borrel more money , but the demand was by no mean" . xtensive . LiVBurooL Corn Mabkkt . —We have iitiU an active gr ; dn trade- At Friday ' s market we had two or three purchasers of wheat for Ireland ; and considerable transactions also occurred in both wheat and flour on speculalation . Bonded flour advanced Is per barrel , but duty paid mot rery slow 6 ale . Free wheat was 2 d , and b . uded 31 to 4 d per bushel higher . This advance is fully supported to-dny . Western Canal flour , in bond , has reached 43 s 6 d per barrel . A fair business ha » been doing in other articles , at aa improvement of 2 d t > er l > er bushel on oats , is per quarter on bsrli-y and peas , Hnd Is prr quarter on Indian corn since last Tuesday . Beans steadily maintain Utts »» lue .
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m STATE OF TRADE . Lslds . —Neither on Saturday nor Tuesday wan there quite so many goods sold at the Clotb-lialls as on the three or four previous market days , but ther .- haB been murodonein direct deliveries to the merchants off the markiit days , particularly stripe list ladies' cloth' fur the India and China markes , in which article there is more d .. ing tban for a long time puvt . Prices are much the same as for the last few weeks , llu jiicbs , as r . s-pecti the home trade , is as dull as usual at this period of the year . MASicnE-. TEU . —The demand for both cloth and y » rn has been hut of a limited kind this week . Bradford—Tim demand for combine wonls continues restricted . Clothing wools are in good rcqnett , anil obtain higher prices . Far lower quantities of jams tlmre b more inquiry , and large ord . i s hava been off-ml « t present prices , but refused by the spimif w . Tlieiv wiii * , with the price of wool , no unmtirtiate pr . ifpect •• t ' . i niurh better trade in yarns . A great number ,, f piain pines esuicially Orleano , h : ivc » --d : ij Veu bought : it a »! iu « khlL-har price ? .
IlrDDEHSFiELD . —There ib uu alteration to nutlet in this week ' s market . In stout plain woollen * of a niwliltr . y quality , aud heavy fancy coods . there h is been an av . - ra ^ e demand , lhun- hiis been but little doing in the warehouses during the week . Ham * >\ . —The market to-day ' . a ~ bnii j '' . uo more than 4 'i aver-is » of th' -ItettwoortiTi-e S-itunlay * . nor is there any improvement in prices of cithei \? .,:. or piece goods . Tlj .- * wool trude has shown rather less animatiou i . nce ChrteUnits than for two or three weeks immediatel y preceding tl . ut lenhon . Wakefkld . —There is no alteration in tlit price of either lung or ihort wuol Um wvek . snlt »< of eithei b , „ net b « e > extensive .
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THE TEN HOURS BILL . IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT - MINISTERIAL INTENTIONS RESPECTING THE TEN HOURS' BILL . Mr . Ward piid his annual visit to the sleutori of Sheffield on Wednesday . In the course of his speech he made a positive announcement respecting the Ten Hours ' BUI : — " I shall go to the House of Commoni this year to see the Ten Hours' Bill carried . I say this on a higher authority than my own , and believe that Lord John Russell will give tome modification of a Tun Hours' Bill his support . "
MEETING AT OLDIIAM . On Thursday evening a large and most respectable meeting of factory workers was held in the Town-hall , Oldham , to petition Parliament to pass the Ten Hours ' Bill ; Mr . Alexander Taylor , one of the head constables of the borough , is the chair . After speeches from the chairman aud others , und the passing of the u » ual reso . lutions and petition , Mr . Fihlobn , who was most loudly cheeret , said it afforded him great pleasure to meet them on that occasion , and to aee them so unimimous , as he had often seen them before , in their determination to secure for those who laboured in factories the protection of a Ten Hours' Bill . There were , he had no doubt , many now pres-nt who
would remembar when they intited him to b « eome their repreientatne—when , on the vacant ground bubind the Albion hotel before the election took place , a great many questions nere put to bim and his Into colleague , Mr . Cobliett . as to what they were prepared to do if returned to Parliament as members for the borough . Among other thiBi : s , they were aiked whither tliey would support , in tbf House of Commons , an efficient Ten Hour *' Bill I and their answer was , "We will . " ( Cheers . ) His mind had not changed on that subject ( cheers ) , nor on » ny other on which he pledged himself at that large assembly of the inhabitants of Oldbam . ( Cliecrn . ) Should he erer happen to change his opinion with regard to the pledges he had gWen , be would at once intimate tlmt ehange to his constituent * , unless he could explain to them satisfactorily why that change had bien brought about , he would nt once resign his seat . ( Cheers ) He wished to put distinctly to them this question : —Was there any one present who thought that eleven hours' labour per
diem in factories was not too long I ( No , no . ) n as there one among them who would prefer an eleven to a Ten Hour' Bill t ( No , no . ) Were they all resolved to persevere to the utmost of their power to secure ten hours' for five days . In Mie week , and eight hours on Saturday ! ( Cheers . ) There was not one , then , who wished for an eleven hours'bill . ( Cheers ) Amoni ; the advocates for non-interference was their moat determined opponent in Parliament , Mr . Bright , the member for Durham , who stated distinctly that he never would sanction by bis vote an act for limiting the labour of adults—grown up men and women , but who ever asked him to give such a vote t Who ever asked him to restrict tbe labour of adults—either men or women ! Did it necessarily follow that children ' s labour in factories beins < restricted In ten hours a day there was no other species of employment in which adults might busy themselves after the factories h » d closed ? Wire there no domestic dutieg for the women to attend to ! Could
not tbe men make themselves uieful m otheroccupations instead of being confined to the factory ! ( Cbecis . ) Mr . Bright o j-eted to legislative interference , but the princip l * had b .-en recognised with respect to factory labour for forty year * ; aud that question was , therefore , set at rest whh all who wished to argue the mutter fairly . An act was pussed , in 1833 , by Lord Althorp , restricting the hours of labmr , for children under thirteen , to eight hours a day ; in 18 * 4 that act was amended , and the hours for those children were further restricted to six ptrdiein . But why had th « y stopped at thirteen . He wished Sir . Bright , or any other advocate of non-interference , would justify thi » limit of thirteen years of age . Suppose a child to-day haJ , what was thought , work enough in six hours' factoiy labour out of twenty-four
being a daj short of thirteen years , was it fair , or just , or right , that the next day the same child should be put to work twelve or thirtem hours ? ( Cheers . ) Suoh protracteo labour in factories was too much for the child between thirteen and eighteen ; in fact , it was too much for the adult . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Bright knew this ao well as he ( Mr . Fielden ) , from bis own observation of the workers in his own mill . That was one objection ; but where was tue objection of non-interference to stop ? Was not eT . ry tax imposed on the community as inter , fe . reuce with the labour and enjoyments of man 1 Was not the labourer required to give up a large portion of what be earned for other purposes , not generally so good as those he could apply bis substance to ? Let the advocates of non interference reconcile how they could
support sui'h a system as this for the oppression of tbe working classes , and yee object to the admission of the principle of legislative interference for their protection ( Cheers ) . They heard nothing now-a-days about stop , ping the supplies , that the taxes might bu reduced for the benefit olthe working men ; and the expenditure , instead of belli , ' diminished , bad gone on increasing . Then ( here was Lord Lincoln , who had just come out , assigning as another reason for objecting to s > Ten Hours' Bill bis apprehension , if the hours of . . labour were shortened from twelve to ten , those for whose bentfiit the act was passed—the operatives as he chos « to call them—would be tbe losers ; they would be r . nderedmor « mis rablo , more abject , by working 10 than 12 hours a day . It was very ea « y to raakd assertions , it was much more difficult tor tbi ¦; who mndn
such assertions to prove them by facts , ( Cheers , ) If experience had anything to do with the question , experience gave the lie at once to such a statement . Instead of wages having been reduced in consequence of such a reduction in the hours of labour , they hnd aB they were well aware , aaranced . ( Cheers . ) It might easily be shown by the clearest argument in the world , that this was the direct operation of an abridgement of the hours of labour . What would be the immediate effect of reducing the hours per day from 12 to 10 in factories ? If they had to make the same quantity of goods there would be an increased demand for machinery ; more machinery would bu constructed , and that would give increased employment to those who are engaged in that branch of trade . Aud when they had got their steam engines and
other machinery , what would be the eftvet as to the hands % Suppose , with 12 hours' labour they empleyed 100 bands , they would require 120 hands to do the work in 10 hourB ; aud if 20 hands additional to every 100 must go into the factories , was there a man in England who would deny that thi > increased demand for labour would cause its price to rise f ( Cheers . ) Or , taking the other course , if they reduced the hours of labour from 1 * to 10 , and the same machinery only were continued in operation , the immediate effect would be to lessen the quantity of goods pruduced by one-sixth ; and if there was any truth in the doctrine asserted by tho free traders ten thousand times over , that deraund and supply regulate prices , one-sixth less being produced goods would rise in value , yiel i a higher profit to manufacturers , and enable
them to give higher wages . ( Cheers . ) Lord Lincoln aud Mr . Bright might take elth . r born of the dilemma ; the . facts were plain ; the argument was conclusive ; it had never been answered by the opponents of the Ten Hours'Bill , and he believed it never could be answered ( Cheers . ) There was one observation made by Mr . Bright , and although be felt it almost cuntemptlble , be would just notice it . lie remembered a similar statement being made by Mr . O . W . Wood , when the Tan Hours' Bill was discussed 12 or li years ago ; It was said if they redueed the hours of labour from 13 to ten , the production of manufacturers would bo reduced by onesixth . He did not think they would gee so much' more per hour ft » Mr . Onrdiuer ' u men at Preston had calculated by workiug shorter time . He kuew that the hands
in his works could not produce so muck in 11 as in 12 hours ; but let that pass . Mr . Bright has said , if they reduced the hours of labour from 12 o 10 they would lessen production to the extent of what the consumption of cotton was at the close of the war . That was very true ; but be might have looked a little further , and asked whether , by increau ' ng production as we had , the poodle of tbe manufacturing districts—whether musters employing men—tbe workers themselves , or those living » round them who participated in the distribution of their wages—had io any way profited thereby t Was tlii « soor not ! Io 1815 the consumption of cotton was 6 . 0 U 0 bales a week ; in 1846 the weakly consumption of cottoii . according to the anuunl statement published by tbe LWerpool brokers , was 80 , 400 balwi : and what had
been ( lie re ^ lt ! He challenged llr . Bright or any other » pponeut ) of tbe Ten Hours' Bill to disprove what he «« now going to assart—that during the last six months uf 1616 th * manufacturers and their workpeole had less money tor workiug up the 30 . 400 bales a week in 1846 than they had for working up 6 . 000 in 1815 . ( Cheers . ) Weil . then , why should thty make tnemaelvea alave * for alt ll . it world ! Why should they make themselves slaves for hiKi-whotuxedtbeni ! Why should they support * viper to Ming themdaj by dsy . { When the question wns whether 1 hour should b * abstracted from 12 , they wire told the proiiuuttoa of manufactures would be diminished . Tim was tio argument — why should political economy trench on vita ) economy I It ihou ' . d not be so with ni < consent . ( Cheers . ) He ba 1 said enough to
pi-ovtt tliut the advocacy of the Ten Hours' Bill was just ia principle ; but it was also necessary to the well-being ot' tljr p'ople , for the children were being destroyed . ( Cheers ) A more delicate age there was not in human lift- than butween thirteen and sixteen ; ani \ thoie poor oliiMren , by bning confined as thuy now were , would betom . unfit for fathers , unfit for mothers . ( Cheers . ) Th * fiiooiy system was destroying tbe strength and sinews of the nation . ( Cheers . ) He remembered hearing Sir Ju'iti E . ley , * heti supporting Lord Ashley on the Ten Hours' Dili , declare , »• a commander of the British forces , that he would not go into tbe manufacturing d'S'ricts to rt'cruu tor grenauitvs . He said that four out ef every five onlisttd < n thr m mufactunug distrivts were rejected , whil * tour out of the enlisted in the rural districts
p » Kjed . ( Cheers . ) No stronger argument could be used for abridging the hours of i « b > ¦¦• in factories . ( Cheers . ) In Nottingham little chiWi < ft 1 Wt mployed in tbe ntini ' iiciun- of the finest falT . cs fttfct < n the world , to irnitinvn : thf persons of th * - no , , ntj It - of what they produced Wini to the pour . Litu < , bUfreiL < cv « n yeurs nlil were kept twenty out of twentj-ii ., rbo ir « a day at tlii' < w . rk without iieing illowed to go nuine for rest , and a bill w :. s only lust year brought Into Parliament to stop tins excessive libour of infants in the Nottingham l . i , » factories when the same arguments against the in . inrfor uce ot the Legislature with labour and capital Mire advanced as were still urged against th" Ten Hours '
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Bill . This showed how determined were the advocates of long hours of labour to enrich themselves by extorting th « most they could from those * tb >> y employed . They would never relax the hard clenched hand with which they grasped all they posimed , till the Legislature stepped in for the protection of the weak . ( Cheers . ) Let every mau , woman , and child , employed in factories , put their names to all petitions calling for the restriction of the labour of children between 13 and 18 , and all females , to S 3 hours per week . Let the ministers of religion support them . It was their duty to take care of their bodies as well as of their souls . ( Cheers . ) He
called upon medical men , shopkeepers , and every class ot the community , to come forward , and , by their petitions , to urge tbe L' -gislature to grant the poorest and most oppressed ol their fellow creature * the b « on they required of shorter hours of labour , without which all their public parks , mechanics' institutions , would fail to el « . vate or improve their condition . ( Cheers . ) Oldham had always been consistent on this question . He never attended a more numerous or more unanimous a casetlng thaa the preaont , und with their support he would do his utmost to obtain for them , next session , a Ten Hours' Bill . ( Loud and continued cheering . ) The usual votes of thanks concluded the proceedings .
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MEETING AT MACCLESFIELD . A meeting on the above subject called by the Maynr , in compliance with a respectably signed rrquisition , was held on Thursday evening ; in the National School , Mr . Bullock ill the ch . iir . Tbe meeting was advertised to be held in the Town Hall , but owing to the repairs at presont going on there , it was found that it would be very inconvenient to have it cleared out for tbe purpose ; a largo number of persons bad assembled at the Town Hall by half-pa « seven o ' clock , tho hour of meeting , and shortly afterwards it was anuounc * d that they should adjourn to the National School : tlis turned out to be a very fortunate arrangement , as the large numbers who ultimatel y crowded into the National School , could not have been accommodatod in the Town Hall .
Mr . JJoBN Wbi » ht , nn operative who hus long taken a deep interest in this qu-stion , in rising to move the fir 3 t resolution , said the resolution was to tbe effect that th « present long hours of working females and young person ^ in factories was injurious to health , and calculated to render abortive all efforts to instruct them in their moral , social , and religious duties , and he would add , in the proper discharge of their domestic duties . They would see at once the mighty importance attached to this resolution , not only as men , not only as women in . terested In a livelleood , but as beings passing through a
probationnry state and having interests vastly more iraportant than those connected with the mere sustenance of human existence , did it come to them . It set forth that the working of the present hours in the factory was injurious to hualth ; he knew very well that there were persons holding high stations ia society , \ vho put forth different views , but that after al ! was no reason why they should not endearour Io lessen the hours of labour in factories . The speaker dwelt at great length on the second p « rt of the resolution , and concluded an excellent speech by moving its adoption .
Mr , Richabd Gee , silk throwster , seconded the resolution in a lengthy and able address . The Rev . Mr , Wri « ht , Wesleyan ( Association ) minister , supported the resolution . He said there was something pleasinu in the aspect of such a meeting as the present , and it was a scene in which all must rejoice who desired to see the world happier and better tban at pre . aent . He could not but feel interested in a movement which hud for its ' object the physical moral and mental improvement of bis fellowmea , or the amelioration of the condition of tbe worklng . clnsses , of which he formed a member . It was from the working classes that he sprung , and hu could fully appreciate the remarks which bad been made in reference to the injurious effects of p-otracted hours of labour , ne was not prepared to argue tho question in an economical or political point of
view , in a social , moral , and intelloctuai view , he was entirely with them . It could not be denied that the shortening of the hours of litbour , would tend very much to improve the condition ofthc working classes in an in . intellectual and moral point » f view . The establishment of public parks for the people was a noble object , and a step certainl y in advance . But he could not but think thut It waB in some decree useless to establish such parks , unless at the same time they cave the p . ople anoppor . tunity of visiting them and enjoying them . ( Applause . ) It was placing them in the position of Tantalus ; sur . rounding them enjoyments without giving them the means of attaining them . Give the people opportunities of en . joying themselves or the establishment of public parks was worthless and of no value . The same mi ( jht be said of the establishment of Mechanics'Institutions .
After some other equally excellent obssrvations the speaker sat down amid loud applause . The resolution was then formerly put from the chair and earried . Mr . John Wbst was then introduced by the chairman , and was received with loud applause . He said it was with great pleasure that be came forward to propose the adoption of the next resolution , aud in so doing he could not but congratulate thoso present on the appearance of that meeting , as well as on the circumstances under which they had been called together . He con . gratulated the meeting upon the present position of the question of infantile emancipation . It was not now necessary as it was formerly , to point to the inhuman cruelties , of the factory system . They used nt one time to depict it in its truly awful colours , and in such a
manner that its supporters hud cried , "Spare us , we grant tlmt all the dictates of humanity are for you . " Yes , they bad now humanity on their side , and they bad lived down the opposition on that score . They had never relaxed in their exertions , and he thought that the numbers present that night , showed that their resolves were as firm as iter , and that in another session they would stcure that measure of justice they were now seek ing , for their wives and children . H « might go into the moral part of the question too , but that » oo was admitted . In Jsct , everything th-y once argued was now admitted and granted them , and they had all on their side . ( Hear . ) Still there was one other side they ( the opponents ) must dispute and that was the commercial part of the question . ( Hear , hear . ) They were not afraid to meet them « a that ground also He wished
they would come to their meetings to hear their Hwn arguments answered . But as they would not , they bad to take what opportunities they could of setting the people right upon the point . To commence with the question ; he wished to consider it in a light where small as well as large capitals would be equally involved , if the change they were seeking shouM take place . He did not dispute , but that tbere might be some loss which would result to the large manufacturers , and some gain which would result to the smaller ones , Still he should rather consider this as & beu < fit , and as a measure of equal Justice , as under the present sjstem men of capital were risipg up in riohesand splendour , whilst the man of limited means was struggling on with diffculty hardly knowing how to make an existence . ( Hear , hear . ) He would endeavour to put tbe matter in the plainest light .
There was a certain amount of capital expended in mills . From this a curtain amount of profit was expected to return . Tho profits af the large capitalists enabled him tu employ a much larger number of hands , and to work them longer , when the small capitalist was comparatively circumscribed ia his means of payment . The large speculator had thus an opportunity of forcstiilling one of smaller means , and producing a glut in the market . Let the hours of laboar , however , be reduced , and the one would be subjected to the same changes of trade as the other . Iu fact , it would introduce a principle of regulation and prevent those undue speculations which deprived the fair and honest tradesman of any advantage iu the commercial world . ( Hear , hear . ) It was said again that if we adopted a short time bill , it would destroy their foreign
trade , and expose them to tbe eviU of foreign competition . Home competition he said wa » an evil of for greater magnitude , and by shortening the hours of labour they would take the most effectual steps towards destroying it . He denied that it would injure the < r foreign trade , and asserted that it would tend to increase it . What was foreign trade ? Nothing but an exchange of commodities , and it was nothing but the want of a proper attention to the laws of supply and demand that sometimes produced such disastrous results . When there was more of one article in the market than there was of another , temporary depressions , gluts , and panics were the conse . quence . ( Hear . ) They wanted a uuifoimity of trade which would unable them to keep pace with tun natural laws ot supply and demand . They should not then have to experience those short periods of prosperity and the
long and dreary seasons uf adversity to which they had been accustomed , but trade would bit firm and equal , and the wagrs good . Suppose the market was overstocked , ttfd they ibink there would be a rise of wages ? No . on the contrary , there woulA be a reduction ; and it was in cases like these tbat the operatives were unable in those long seasons ol depression to resist a reduction in their wages . ( H « ar , hear . ) This cry respecting tiieir loreiitn trade was an old one . So far from iheir foreign trade being swallowed up an actual increase had taken pltce since riie hours of labour bad been reduced . The fact was , there must be a reduction in the produce of the eountry , and , in order to shew that their trade would not be injured , he read the following statement : —In the ye ir 181 ] , when the . operatives worked 72 hours p . r week , the quantity of raw materiiil worked up was 100 million of
pounds , In 1831 , whtn the hours were reduced from 72 to 09 hours a week , tha ^ amount of raw material had increased to 287 millions of pounds . Iu the year 18 S 3 , when a further reduction in the hours of labour took place , the amount increased still further , and since then it had gone on Increasing . Iu the year 1840 , it amounted to 451 millions , and last year to 532 millions of pounds . So that here they might see that while they had gone oa shortening the hours of labour , th « quantity of raw material worked up had prodigiously increased . ( Applnust . ) While they nere told ou this onset , th « t if they reduveil the lmcrs of labour , their n \< de would be Mvullowed up , they bad been increasing that trade at the rme ol tu per cunt . ( Hear , hear . ) Ilie nnUation whs t-preu'l ' mj ; over every part of the world , In ltustiiu , the Autocrat hnd issued orders for the reduclicn uf the hours uf Iu .
bour . In France , too , the question was in course of agitation ; and in America , they were struggling lor a Ten Hours' Bill , In some countries , certnimy , they were adopting the system for a fttititth purpose , as they had discovered that , in a short time , the ? would not hnveacoldierfit to carry a musket . Iu Russia , It was found that , whilst they could get one out of the fao » ry diittiote nuolified t « Mtta in the army , th » y could g « l
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800 out of th * agricultural population . Every country now saw tne nucoslty of reitulnjini : the system of production . The alterations anl improvements which were dailj taking place in » he arts , chemical and mechanical , rendered such a regulation Imperatively necessary . In 1 ) 92 , the population amounted to fifteen millions ; the manual labour amounted to 3 , 760 , 000 ; and the chemical and mechanical pow « r to 11 , 250 , 000 , making together fifteen million * , or one to one in regard to the population and power employed . 1 B 1840 . the population had increased to twenty-seven millions , while the manual labour amounted to nine millions , « nd t he chenrcal and mechanical power to six hundred millions , that being in the proportion of twenty-two to one . ( Sensation . ) It was plain that , f they went on much longer in this way , the country would he ruined . Mr . We proceeded at some length , to remark upon the benefits which would arise to the working classes , from the adoption of the
measure about to be brought forward , It could not both rum manufacturer * and drop wages too , as had been attempted to be be shown , and even If it did drop wageB , the very utmost extent to which they could fall would not be more than six and » half per cent ., and this he maintained would be mor . ? than saved by economy on the part of the poor man ' s wife . If a woman ' s dress cost sixpence more , she could make it herself and thus save the expense of a milliner . Mr . West made some telling remarks upon the present oondition of females who worked at the factory , and showed it could be improved by cur . tailing the hours of labour . He asked the audience if they would relax in their exertions to obtain justice for their wives and daughters 1 Theemployers had opposed this movement , because they wished to keep the market well stocked with labourers . They knew that if ever the measure became law . there would , at once , be a scarcity of hands , and tbat there would be no reserve to fallback
upon . ( Cheers . ( So long as the labour market was overstocked , the working men would bu fit for nothing but to be thrown to the dogs ; ( a laugh , ) but so soon as there was a scarcity of hands , Isbour becamu a valuable commodity . He wished the employer and employed to stand upon an equal footing , but as it was there were too many of the latter on the clod . ( A laugh . ) He did not like the term " lower ordor , " or " master ; " they were poorer but not lower than the so . called higher order , and the word master presupposed a state of slavery , After some further remarks Mr . Wost
proceeded to say thai the prcsentquestion was considered as the most important of tbe day . The very existence of the country was thought to depend upon it . It was said that the church was in danger , that the throne would full , that the national debt would be wiped away , and that all would he anarchy and confusion if the bill about to be introduced into Parliament were to be passed into a law . It was very pitiable if tbe frame-work of English society and English Institutions should be found to rest upon the working . to death of young women and children . ( A laugh ) If , then , institutions could not survive the change let them give way to others , which would be based upon a more durable foundation . ( Cheers , ) Institutions which should b « based upon the morality—the intellieence—and not flie blood of the
people . ( Uenewed cheers . ) If they could not stand the shock , perish the institutions , but live the people whs would erect others in their stend . ( Cheers . ) They must uot mince the matter now that they were told that so much depended upon the abstraction of two hours a day from the toil of the people . Thero was a canker worm at the root of the state , and if the present question was not conceded to them , their institutions might be swept away . They were told they mi ght strike . They should use their means and appliances , however , in a different way t they had tbe public praw on their side , and that they would take as their artillery train ! public opinion should be their shield ; the arguments , reasons , and comwon sense their weapons ; and the laws aud the
constitution should be the ground upon which they would fight their battle . He accused Mr . Cobden oi having violated a sort of engagement he made to join them when the Corn laws were abolished . He called upon them not te relax in their efforts as an election was coming on ; last year many would not vote , as Sir Robert Peel declared he w * uld resign if tbe bill was carried . Sir Robert Ptiel aad Sir James Graham were now out of office , and he hoped tne people would make the table of the House of Commons groan under the weight of their petitions . He concluded by moving a resolution expressive of the meeting ' s approval of the bill to be introduced imo parliament next session by Mr . John Fielden , and sat down amid great applause .
Mr . Gbove seconded the motion , which was then unanimously passed . Mr . Johb CiOBLSi moved , and Mr . Johh Hut seconded the adoption of a petition , which wos also unanimously agreed to ; and after thanks had been voted to the Ctairman and the Mayor , the meeting separated . J We cannot afford room for the copy of the petition adopted at tbe above meeting . Ed . N . S , [
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RICHARD OASTLER , ESQ . TO CHARLES HINDLEY , ESQ . M , P . Mi Dsar Sir , —1 observe , ia the Ten Hours' Advocate nftlie 2 nd instant a letter from you "To the Chairman of the meeting of Delegates from Factory Workers nitemble . i in Manchester , " to which you will naturall y expect tbat I shall reply , I refer to the paragraphs in their order , as numbered by yourself . 1 . You complain , that , " an impression has been attempted » o be created that you are favourable to an Eleven Hours ' , in preference to a Ten Hours' Bill . " And this " you distinctly deny . " What I said , respecting you and an eleven hours' bill , is reported in several papers , and so far as I have seen , they auree in nubstance . In The Times I am correctly reported to havesaid— " He ( Mr . Oastler ) was informed that Mr . Hindley whs getting up a movemen t for eleven hours in Lancashire , not calling publio meetings , but urging influential men among the operatives to persuade them to aotept an eleven hours' bill . " Am I to understand that " you distinctly deny that V If so , I shall r- joice that I have been deceived by false information , and shall hasten to do you justice before the public . You must know that I could not make the above statement without pain , because you cannot have forgottenjyotir solemn promise t * me ( as you left the nouse of Comir . ons , nfter the division on Mr . Fielden's motion , ) that "From that moment , In consequence of the disgraceful couduct of Sir Robert Feel ' s jovernm . nt on that occasion , you would never mention Eleven Hour * again . " You emphatically added— " From this time it shall b « Ten Hours or nothing . "
2 . Your fears about "tlie extreme difficulty , if net impossibility , of at once cominK to Ten Hours , " are unworthy of the mind sf a Christian Statesman . Sucb expressions of despondency should animate th « truehearted with D » or > . resolution to persevere . 3 . If " an Eleven Hours' Bill has been several times within your reach , " why , —if you think so highly of it , -, did you not grasp it ! I will tell you . It wa * Intended to settle the qa < stion , and for ever to deprive us of our Ten Hours' Bill ! It was , consequently , indignantly rejected ! We can submit to no compromise . Above Teu Hours has been , by the highest authority , declared to be " murder . "
4 . Present suffering is often to be endured for future good , Cowar's avoid present pnin—though the penalty be a whole life of Uniterm ); de » th . The brave , resolved on victory , meet presi nt hardships with magnanimity ; in our case , they look at the . prize—the Ten Hours' Bill —and will submit to no surrender . You call this " policy , " we call it principle ! 5 , Is it true , that ' a majority of the House of C » m . tnnns is in favour of un experiment of an Eleven Hours ' Bill ? " I do not believe it . " An experiment of an Eleven Hours' Bill " is not the way they treat the question in the House of Commons . There , as you well know , 11 an Eleven Hours' B > H" is spoken of as " a compromise to settle the question : " my , it is broadly asserted in that place that " the manufacturing operatives will be
satisfied with an Eleven Hours' Bill , and when obtained , will cease to agitate for the Ten Hours' Bill . ' Now , we will be no party to such delusion . The manufacturing operatives are resolute on the question . They don't want to deceive the House nr Commons , or the government . Thvy wish it to be distinctly understood , tbat no compromise can bn made , that they will never b * content until the young persons and females in f « ctorl *< are protected from " inurdt-r . " Tou say . that " you have , at the present moment , ii not inconsiderable nnmber of Ihe operatives in favour of un experiment of an Eleven Hours' Bill . " Where are they !—not in Yorkshire ; not
la Scotland , of that 1 am certain . I huvo tested them , —I have loun'i none . If you have them in L : incashir » , lft me know where ! Cnll a public meuting in any town ; your own horougli if you chooae ; I will ( to all the « aj to SBothtise "ourrutivi' I'lcvm hours' men , " of nhom we have heard su much in Hit ilciisr of Commons , but who , as yet , have alwujs been not * estin t \ ie manufacturing districts ! Whwijou tnentioiinl ihoiie "men in buckram , ' you . no doubt , thought you were addressing ' the Home . " There It may ba hhK' to put your wishes into facts ; in Manchester you should h .: more cautioas . Ah ! my dear friend , you Uuv heen seeking tlu-gu "eleven hours' opi rMtivep , "—but—voo . ! , uvc not . found them !
6 . ' The growth of ivnti . n is > aiii uot to equal the consumption . " TIh-m- nn < very auiiiI words—they are your own ! On thin ix . mi you have better information than 1 . Ipiv < iiiiieyouitr < 'corii : rt . ll ' -so . noue are more in need of » Ten , or perhaps an Eitht Hours' Bill , than the miil-oMiu-rs them . vit . s : Y < h , uiy old frimd , a dearth of co'tou will ius « ir . U \ l > r ' m « our bitterest enemies " to br h : | waw with > . i « . flic present time is then indrmi ' peculiarly i *\ in \ tilc to " the adoption of 'he . Ten Hour . 'Kill ! l . m tht mill-owners lnuk to it ! It Ihei-e b a uYanli . ~ thi . - y v ^ uor . lv . v » oid . ruin by joining tin- Ten Hours' Bill sin ulanl . So true is it , that " lloiH . Rty js ( hf best poin- \ . "
7 . \ o knowverj w « ll , Sir , that you ure attempting to < l « -v « ' » vu ti utiativ . s wIk-h you r .-pres .-ut the Eleven Hour * ' Dill as a ak ipniR stone to tt Ten Hours' Bill . No one know- li . ttev u ^ n } ouv * .-lf , that , in tin , UOU 80 ot C millions ' o . CIi-vimi Horn * ' Bi : i is ( v « r treated as a set-UHiiiMt oi Hie u'l-. ition , v » w < nupr ,. niUe to stay further ¦^ itai inn ! Wn \ . UousA y » u , wno itre so well acquainted wi'h thi * fHrt . atiempt dt-c-ption on the poor factory operntiv- * t Your lii-t pHraitrnih is unnumbered—but full of point . Rci'l it tiRuiu , Sir , inul » , j , v » rtv « the heart to delude those whv . m you ftckuowtt-u tte Wv ¦ na < -n so patient , long ? uff ring , ttnu sclfvueririnnx » c , m y ., u , us a legislator , un ; y such pv : r 8 » o » a ,. i « i , n « . just us a Ton H » ur » ' Bill ? In tdia i ) in » :: i .- |>!\ vui furnish thr strongest proof gf your
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- " - ' » io « 7 *^* —*^^ i—W—^^ M ^^ ,, _ ^ ' ' oily , in hoping to persuade the factory operatw . ^ " tieptuu Eleven Hours' Bill , 8 to Io , I remain , my dear Sir , Yours , most trul y , Richard 0 a 8 Ti , P . S . —What a singular postscript I * that of your .. i an odd questlod is that " you should like to aBk ou ' v 4 t shire friends : "—vix . "If the agl-ation in Yorkihir ¦ hnve changed a vote in the House of Commons of ° *'" the members for the district !» an Of That entirely depends « n the members thetn Perhaps they msy be impervious to reason , argumen t *" ' truth , or th >> re may be no sympathy between those ' &B ^ hers and the clergy and operatives of the district ; ?' oither case , so far as they are concerned , '• the sgiuti . . Yorkshire" will have been useless ; but " the agit atio m Yorkshire" will have proved to the g overnment , J ! tt nuuseai ,
' . ne uommnnn . tnaiinonememoeTswno aj , - » " an Elevon Hours' Bill will satisfy the factory oner . of Yorkshire , " are not worthy of credit ! " Th L . .. " in Yorkshire" lias also exhibited thestreigth of » , » ,, a whifih is relied on b y tbe " Members" who suim ? f Eleven HourR Bill . Teach it , Mr . llindley , to ' " Eloven hours' convert in the "House "—It is Ru ahort '" * pithy—so conclusive !—so convincing !—that it win a mnjority in any company swayed by "( . AnT sense ! " """on Remember , this is the only argument In favour of Eleven nours * Bill , with which we have been favo '" during "the aeitntion in Yorkshire . " We thinV u William Beckett . M . P ., for Leeds for it . That II 0 ' able Member says in a letter to the Chairman JT Leeds Short Time Committe : — "T have upon afft ' '
occasion stated to you that I vim the advocate ?„ r Eleven Hours' Bill , and subsequent reflection ler-l ? confirm me In tbat view of the subject . " Havhw « , hrnadly stated his advocacy of an Eleven Hours' Bill , J having backed his opinion by " subsequent reflect ! , the honourable and candid member proceeds to devel his arguments in favour of the position he has tnken " an aavnente for an Eleven Hours' Bill , " by andinit ' 7 thouuh I have no hesitation in acknowledging to tou ti I I think Ten hours actual daily work i * a 8 muci , „ ™" to be imposed on any class of tbe community and tk . unless our trade , domes-lc or foreign , can afford am lonable dny s wages for mcli a term of daily employme nt ' [ Ten Hours ] it dors not confer thatbeneftUpon the counts to which its industry is entitled . " J
I thank my old friend , Mr . Wm . Berltett , forboMlvag . sertin ? the warm and manly feelings of hii heart to the utter demolition of the cold theory his heart ! I thank job alio Mr . Hindley , for reminding me of" the agitation in Yorkshire . " To your last question , " Will an advocate for t « n hours < to for Manchester " I might retort by unking , Will on * for eleven hours « or , I « Manchester the United Kingdom ! or , Are wisdom , and truth , and justice , con 6 ned » o Manchester ! or , Are the constituents of Manchester wor . shippers of God or of gold ! That ' s a foolish question of yours . Mr . Charles nindley . The question being , What i » right ? What Is just ! not , what Manchester may or may not do . Sarely you Bre not prepared to assert that this question should be submitted to the arbitrement sf the member to-- Manchester ! No . No , If Mnnchest « chooses to rev . l in " the groans and tears of women and children , " we will never cease striving to save our countrj from so great a curse ! R . O .
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PROSPECTS OF THE SESSION . ( From PurteH . ) A BOKO FOB LORD JOHH BO 8 BELL . With one thing and another , with anxiety and bother , What perplexity and trouble , and confusion lam ia ; I seem all hurry-sk'irr . v , in a flurry and a worry , Now the session Parliamentary Is going to begin . The work of Legislation will be such a complication , Thnt how shall I unravel it I ' m puzzled how to think : We shall be so very busy , the idea makes me diziy , And from the undertaking I am half inclined to shrink .
There ' s the Sanitory question for discussion and di ges * tion , There ' s the Smoke-prevention measure—there ' s th * Duty upon Tea : I ' ve to settle Church Preferment , asd to regulate inter . ment , And the Malt . tax abolition must be grappled with by mo . Ou the Buildings' Act revision I must come to some dsci . slon , And waggon-load * of Railway bills must manage to get through : With theprena of business matter , and the talking and the chatter , Upon my life I can ' t conceive whatever I shall do . Then the Window-tax repealers have been putting forth their feelers ,
And I shall have to answer them , or yield to their de . mand ; Whilst , detracting my attention—oh , most horrible to mention !—There'll be both Tree Trade Extension and the Burdens upon Lsnd And the diplomatic kettle I of fish shall have to settle , And all I kuow about the Spanish Marriage to reveal ; Ohl humbly as a spaniel , let me beg , my doarest Daniel , In this trying situation not to plague me with Repast Then a scheme of Education I must furnish for the nt tien , Which IngUs will be trying to cut up in smithereens ; And umid all then transactions , and the cavillings «( factions , I shall have te set to work about devising Ways and Meamn .
Worst of all , the monitor question there remains , whott bare suggestion Mak'S every hair upon my head to bristle up « i end , I caa't shirk it , I must meet it—who will tell me how to treat it — With Ireland and her evils I am call'd on to contend , Oh , how badger'd , bored , and barass'd , how erou-queh tion'd and embarrass'd , How banter'd , teas ' * , and taunted , and tormented , I shall be .
Untitled Article
Fatal Accidknt in tue Streets . —Un Monday aa inquest was held before Mr . W . Baker , coroner , at the Ten Bell , Church-street , Spitalfields , on the body of Richard llillier , aged seven yean ; it appeared in evidence that on Saturday last the deceased was walking along Brick-lane , Whitechapel , when ob arriving opposite Trueraan , Hanbury , and Co . s brewery , He was met by a man unknown , who was running nt full speed , and before the d « - ceased | could stand clear he was knocked down into the kennel . A waggon heavily laden , which was passing in a contrary direction , came by at the time and both the wheels passed over the body of the unfortunate boy : he was instantly raised from the ground by his brother , but life was found to be quitfl extinct . Verdict , " Accidental death . "
Crusade of mt Poor Law Commissioners a 3 ainst the Pahism of St . Pascbas . —On Tuesday , at the meeting of the St . Pancras Board of Directors and Guardians ( Mr . J . W . B . Wright in the chair ) , Messrs . Cator and Coultart , two of the relieving overseers , laid before the board summonses they had received to attend and give evidence on oath that ilay , before the poor Law commissioners , at Somerset House , as to their duties and the mode of administering oHt-door relief in St . Panctas . The board decided that they might go , but prohibited their production of any books or documents . The evidence given by Mr . M'Gahey , the clerk , a copy of which , from the shorthand writer ' s notes , had been furnished by the Commissioners , was read , and Mr . Stewart , another relieving officer , stated th © substance of his evidence before the Commissioners , and the matter was directed to be referred to the vestry at their next sitting .
Dkstkuctivk Fire in Wblls-strbet , Oxfordstrkkt . —Ou Monday , a tire , with a considerable destruction of property , broke out upon the premises in the occupation of Mr . Riddle , a cabinet-maker , carrying on an extensive business at 84 , WellB-street , Oxford-street . The flames originated in the second floor of the workshops , at the rear of the dwelling house . An instant attempt was made to extinguish the flames by meaus of buckets of water , but owing to the firm hold they had previously obtained coupled with the inflammable nature of the stock in trade , the fire travelled with more than usual rapidity , so that in less than half an hour after the
outbreak of the flames had penetrated the roof The engines « f the parish , London brigade , and West of England C «» ijat > y , arrived at the scene in rapid succession , and no time was lost , in setting the engines to work ; notwithstanding which the flames continued to progress , aud iiwaa not until that portion of the works in winch the fire commenced was burned out , and the root destroyed , that the firemen could succeed in getting the conflagration eubdued . The damage done is very considerable , for , besides the above , tho lower portion of the building and its contents avc seriously injured by water . Unfortunately Mr . Kiddle was not insured for a single penny . The oriKm of the disaster could not be ascertained .
Cuild Mubdkb a t CuiasKA . —On Wednesday foretvoon Mr . Mills held an inquest at the workhouse , Arthur-street , King ' s-road , Chelsea , on the body of a newly-born malo infant . James llennessy , the sexton of the Roman Catholic Cemetery of St . Joseph , situate near tho workhouse proved finding on the 12 at inst . the body of tlie child in a drain connected with a water-cl . set attached to the cemetery , lhero was generall y public access to the closet , and he was of opinion that the child had been dropped into the soil of it , and thence washed into the drainlie had no knowledge of the party or parties who h » d who
» o disposed of the body , neither had the police , liad been inquiring into the matter for a week . Mr . Warner , a surgeon , who had opened the body , sa ^ ' had been boru alive , and without medisal aid . He had found a pieco of cloth twisted and tied very tightly round the neck , which was more compressed than any neck ho hud ever aeen before . From tb « morbid appearances of the brain and lungs , not only was he satisfied Hint the child had lived , but that « had died from wilful strangulation . The Jury , witt * out hesitation , returned this Terdiot— ' * That th « « lfli ceased hud been found exposed , dead , and murdered wilfully b y some person or persons as yet unknown W them . "
Itoket Intelligence
itoket Intelligence
Provincial Markets.
PROVINCIAL MARKETS .
Untitled Article
< THE NORTHERN STAR , _^ January 23 i 84 ? I
≫Emocrat1c Committee For Poland's Regeneration.
> EMOCRAT 1 C COMMITTEE FOR POLAND'S REGENERATION .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 23, 1847, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1402/page/6/
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