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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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"And I will war , at least in words , ( And—should > ay chance so lup- . K-n—decds , ) With all who war with Thought !" 11 1 thins I hoar a little bird , who sings The people by and by will be the stronger . "— Bison
REVELATIONS OF AUSTRIA . * SO . T . As regwita finance and taxation M . Kouhrakiewlcz tells ; is tint" the Austrian KaKuvs only iliffor from the highwayman in leaving life to their subjects after bavin ? plundered tlitm : because , not fearing , like ordinary rogues , to be si-iz- 'd and bmught to trial . They , besides , preserve the lives of their victims to augment their treasr i *« . " Their t ' aToaritc scriptural coinman < l is • livcuiiti the Kaiser tii . it which is KaiserV { Ge ' l & * i » E-tistr iv < s da faker ' s ist . Tlie following extract exhibits the sourcis of AVJ 5 TMAX REVLM ' S : lttly , Diroct taxation ; 2 idly . Indirect taxation ; 3 r . % , Riyal tax called Regalia : 4 : hiy , Domaines ; othly , Monopolies . By direct taxation in Austria is understood ( a ) the funded tax of hoa-es and lands ; ( b ) the Djminicat , or Seicniurial tax .
Since 1 S 1-S the land tax is established according to the register ot titutos , taken in the reiga of Joseph II , iu 17 S 7 , and verifie 1 in 1 S 17 . * * * * The produce of the soil is taxod according to the prices of 17 i ) 6 , because corn was dearer theu ; firstly , on account of the war carried on asainst the French republic ; secondly , because there was more money in Austria and in GallicU than then iu 1 SU or : it the present | pcriod . Before the French revolution , paper mouey was unknown , and the churches , convents , and parishes were uut quite pillaged . The seieninrial tax is based on the census and declaration of 1773 and 1 T 7 C . The rate of the land tax is from eight to twelve per cent . The free lands and those subject to forced labour , or tithe , or church rates , pay equally this tax wkliout any deduction in valuing the net produce .
The ra-e of seigniorial taxation , uni . r different names , varies between thirty an-1 forty per d nt , without counting the espiases <» f dominical jurUdietion , which makes it amount to more than 70 . * * « * Under the head of direct taxation is understood : Istlj , the custom houses tibii-h arc established wn the Prussian , Russian , Polish , auA Hungarian frontiers . 2 mily , the Capitation tax , { to > fstiur ) all persons from the age of tilieen until s = vuuty-iive pay yearly thirty kreutters . 3 rdly , . A . tax is paid on all that is eattn , drank , or burnt . ithhr . The Jewish tax rjinfeatfeur ) to which the Jews alone an > sabji ct , is raked ou ihe nu-at and cauAUs—and Ou the sabbath . I remember , for instance , that a goese which is sold in Gallicia for fifteen kreutzers paj as Jewish tax ten kreutzers .
SthlT , ClafB tax i&asscOeuer ) . To this tas are subject all wSo fallow a trade , who possess mills or manufacturers , or follow any branch of industry . All masters , professors , artists farmers , and workmt-K , who gain annually above on- hundred and twenty florins , ( twelve pounds ) pay yearly fiom two and a half to forty per cent : for instance , the person earning one hundred and twenty florins two and a half per cent , he who earns four hundred florins pajs five per cent , and in the same ratio up to sixteen thousand florins yearly , which pays forty per cent . f : hly , The house tax , which pays in the villages at the rate of forty kreu'ztrs per cottage , and in the towns according to the rent ; for this end evtry landlord is obliged to mak'j a written contract with his tenant on stamped paper and to present it to the Burgomaster to be r « -gi # - tered . The lod ^ iu-s cf the landlord ate taxed as if he ¦ was tenant—every evasion of this law is punished by a £ ne of twentv times the annual rent .
" tbly , Tolls on roa > is , aqueducts , and bridges . Every two leagues there is a woodtn turnpike , and a farmer ' s cottage across the road . All wads leading to and from towns are furni-hed with barriers , and payment must be made both on entering and leaving . At Lsopol a drive outside the barries , in a carriage drawn by two horses , costs twenty kreutzers , and there is neither bridge nor aqueduct to cross . € th , Military quartering tax , ' . ViUtar-gitarttor s < ta ) is levied on all cottages and hou-es . Royal taxes , ( Uegalia ) , in thit category enter-lstly , Stamps . All documents proving an obligation contracted or acquitted . All petitions or tribunals , -otnees , magistrates , functionaries , or the Kaiser , must be writttn on -stamped paper . The stamps for doccrac-nts is from three fcfeatz ^ rs to one hundred florin * , according to their value , from two florins up to one hundred thousand and .-stave , iidly postage of letters .
The conveyance of letters costs the government nothing ; the p istmasterc have charged themst&tss with it gratis , in consideration of the exclusive privilege which they possess of cocveiicjr travellers and « £ 'being paid according to the privileged tariff . The p i .-tinasters are however only allowed to let out hor = es without carriages . Srdly , Conferring nobility , titles , dignities , aud orders . The title « f Uui ^ ht pavs live thousand fl- irir . s , of count , fifteen thousand , of priui-e , twenty-live tho&siad florins tax , without counting the stamps . ¦ i thl y , Lottery . Clhly , Fines Jor blows with the stock and others . Cthly , Dumaius ; all villages , towns , and burghs which at the epoch of the Austrian lnwirion in 177-were fret , that is to s : iy , had no lords , became the Kaiscr ' e ^ iro ; terty , and firms his domains .
The Polish inhabitants of these domains are subject to forced labour , and to all other rates , taxes , and tithes . like the serfs of private individuals . The . gre-iter part of those domains are sold-to individuals . We have already said that it is not parinitttid the ruii 5 li i * a * amry , subject to ( orctd labour , to . ransom themscivrs . CuKliscsted prcjurty falls to the Eiiwr . 7 ihly , Monopolies . Under this heal are understood , lstly , salt , 2 ni l ^ v , tobacco , trdly , gunpowder , » ihly , diligences , 5 : hly , i / tintim ; and t ' le sale of classic bi > uk « , Stilly , manufacture ot-inili tary artrc . There are in Gallicia three ^ rincipal salt works . ThoEe of Wicliezka , at tJ : e foot of the Cirpitiian Mountains , are the most fruitful and celebrated in the world .
The tilt of these works require no preparation to fit it for consumption . It resembles a Irozen sea , the tali of which is nearly as transp ^ rtst and clear as that a ! ice . The net revenue of the salt works of Wieliezltf amount * to more thzn six millions of florins a year , the costoi ¦ working to tardy one hundred th « usami florins . It is severel y forbidden all individuals to use salt or saline sprin gs which they may discover on their estates .
MOSET . The paper csoaey which the Frtsch republic issued from necessity , and which disappeared with the financial crisis , was introduced into Austris . ami only exists I there at present through the speculative Spirit and in- ' satiable cupidity of the Kaisers seeking to enrich them- j selves at the expense of their subjects and strangers—a j hefehl sanctions the punishment of a death against any j one refusing to receive them . : Tha Kaiser Francis profitttd by the simplicity of his i people , and ordered ail his cashiers of circles " and bis public agents to make payments only in p ? per money , ! and to exchange and bay up , with paper moaey , al tile j geld and silver they could . His secret agents spread i tfcemstlTcs for the same end in all the provinces and ' '
abroad , lie commanded , under penalty of imprison- meat and confiscation , ali churches , towns , parishes , and public bud ' us to deliver up to him all gold au < i silver ardides and woney , and hs'i them paid in paper mouey ' according to the exchange as Austrian justice n quires , j The result of these Ciiani-ial operations was tbat gold poured iuu > the imperisl ctC-rs ; but torn afwrwarJs ,: notwitbfiisiiuing the hun 4 re-: eef millions which thosein- ; defati ^ alle thamjiions of desfjoiitm , the French ecugrams , vrcre importing , gold ; mc silver became scarce . aud the value of paper mency began to fall from 171 * 5 till 1809 it was at seven for tight . > n jsil a btfehl appeared ' which reduscd the nominal value of paper to twenty per i cent , ana in 181 C appeared another beiehl which rtdu ^ td it to eight per cent .
This ei ght per cent , was paid in paper money , called bank uotts , whieh are at present in circulation , whicti constitute the fictitious debt of the Austrian monarchj and await an nlterior reduction . A befchl of the Kaiser allows his subjects to make their payments in foreign pieces of gold or silvtr , anO the treasure ? are obliged to receive them according tc the fixed tariff . But , on the Other hand , the treasurers are ordered under pain of dismusal and imprisonment , to pay al subjects , functioaark . , or individuals , only in papei money or Aastrian silv . r pieces The declared oijeci ofthisbcfehl tsto preserve the subjects from the fraudi and vexations of tnc ' trcaEurcrs .
The real secretolject of the Kaistr is to ' gain possession of all the gold and Filrer that comes into the country . ; Tue treaEurws are obliged to indicate iu their journals , in detail , the pieces and kinds of money p 3 id . All the Austrian or foreign gold pieces and all foreign sliver is ' Etnt to the Kaiser ' s treasury at Vienna the first day of ! each month . All foreign money which falls into the ' public , civic , or Kayscrial treasuries are only issued from them to be conveyed to Vienna . It is a crime , punisliaKe by law , for Austrian subjuctsto subscribe for the relief ol misfortunties occurring in foreign countries , unless special permis- j eion to do so is "ranted by the Kaiser . Totake part | in foreign lotteries is a crime punished by confisca- ' tion ; on tin other hand , it is permitted to make j lotteries of estates and bouses . ; It is allowed to value I them at three or four tirnc 3 their real worth , and to I 6311 the tickets in forei gn countries . Besides the money which comes frora abroad for the gale of the tickets , the proprietors of the estates which are obliged ? " Revelations of Austria , " by M . Koubrakierficz , ex-Austriaa functionary . London : T . C . Nswby , 72 . MortowStKetjCaTvndiiSiStittarc !
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to pay to tke Kaiser beforehand ten nor cent , of the estimated price under the name of Rcalia Notwithstanding all it 8 means of extortion and roboery it gratifi * us to know that , at tho present tune , tho iniances ot the Austrian ^ . -. vernment are n a desperate state . The qovemracnt recently attempted to raise a loan , but tailed . The Austrian despotism is rotten to the cure and ripe for destruction , l he next war-burst will utterly and irretrievably prostrate it in the dust .
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BRITISH AMERICA . NovA-ScoTtA . —On the 22 nd the Earl of Elgin , the newly-appointed Governor-General of British North America , arrived at Halifax . The passage cross the Atlantic had been boisterous and attended with intense cold . On Thursday , January 22 . the legUlative assembly wa 3 opened , when the Lieutenant Governor delivered his speech . It alluded to the projected railroad between Halifax and Quebec , and the continuation of the line of electric telegraph from Canada to Halifax .
New Brcxswick . —The legislature was not yet in session , but in anticipation of that event an interestins meeting ol the Chamber of Commerce of the city of St . John had been held . A petition to the governor was adopted for the abolition of linhthousc dues in the harbour of St . John , and for making the expense ot its lighting establishment a charge on the general revenue . Another petition to the corporation of St . John's was likewise adopted , suggesting improvements in the buoying and pilotage of the port . The annual report of the committee of management contained some interesting details respecting the erection of a sailors' lwnie ; but the topics dwelt upon with most emphnsis were reform in the Colonial Post-office : port charges andaju « lee to decide on cases between sailors ; light dues ; beacons : and the electric telegraph .
WEST INDIES . Co-orEitATi is . —Associations of coloured persons have been able topurchasa various estates in Jamaica and other West India Islands . It is mentimic 1 that the Perseverance Estates . -170 acres , has been sold for o 000 dollars . The Littlclield Estate , 500 acres , for ' . 1 , 000 dollars . Lovely Lass Estate , 500 acres , soil for 1 , 713 dollars . The North Brook Estate for 10 , 000 dollars .
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . Cape cf Good Hope papers to the 20 th of flocember have arrived . These announce the continued s'av of the Block-drift , where he was arranging the settlement of " British Canvaria , " and a spot had been selected in the Ciiunie-valley as the site for a new town . Although hostilities have not been entirely suspended , still the notion js entertained that a peace will be conclnded without farther difficulty . Sir Andrew Stockenstrom has resigned the command nf the Barphcr forces . Tkc following extract from one of the Graham's-town papers gives the outline of the plan to be pursued in arranging the frontier differences . "The Kei is to be the limit of British control ; west of which CafiYe authority will cease to exist . '" Sandilla is no longer acknowledged as a chief , and is told that no more parleying can be held .
" Umtirara and his people are received as British stilgect * , and the most satisfactory arrangements have bei-n made with them . ¦ " And Captain MLean is aopointcd British Coraratssiffner for the Slambie tribes . "
NEW ZEALAND . The barque Cecilia , arrived at Plymouth on the loth iastant ., from Auckland , New Zea l and . The natke chief Ileki , who formerly distorted the northern colony , continues quiet , and appears likely to remain so . In the south the vigorous measures of 'Governor Grey had trtmplctely sapprc « scd the rebellious efforts of Ranshieta , whose brother was taken prisoner in Cook's Straits , and has been "executed , after an investigation which proved Iris participation in the late disturbances on the river Hutt .
FRANCE . The accounts frora the disturbed provinces are by no -means favourable . Several riota have taken place , and the price of corn in all the principal markets continue to rise . The Reform states , that a general rise in the price cf grain took place on Friday and Saturday in all the markets that 6 spply Paris . At Soissdns , Chartres , Etnmpes , Orleans , and Bray , the advance has been from If . to 2 f . per hectolitre ; at Rouen , Pont-Sainte-Mayence , Crepy , Chatcautrun , and 'iCgny , it hasheen higher still . Advices from more dBtant distriets also announce an advance .
PORTUGAL . The Civil Waf .. —Li « box . Pee . 9 . —The Audaz | ( brie of war ) sailed on the 2 nd inst . for Aleoft . witli the Torres Yedr : i 3 prisiners . By the Britishfrigates American and Thotis . which arrived here ontheTth . hartng callr-d fifF Oporto , » learn that the news of the arbitrary deportation of tho « e -unfortunate gentlemen hid excited violent indignation in that city , and that hut for the personal exertions of Viscount Sada Bindeiraand the other members of the junta , the Dirlfe of Tcrceira and his comjisnions in captivity would have been murdered bv the infuriated " people . j and soldiers . When the two EngUsb ships of war left \ Oporto the blockading squadron / esasisticg of fifcigate ' and-two smaller vessels , were cruizing off tho port .
The other intelligence brought by them is that CrojRrdeVasconceilos had marched out with 2 . 500 men as far as Penatield , and that Antas had followed him on tUe -31 st ult ., with 5 . 000 more . The object of these movements is probably to oblige Saldanha , who ies ^ ill st Agucda , to concentrate his army again , by whieh meaus ^ ho insurgent forces , now harassed by the cotamns he has out under the command respec tivt-lyof Lnpn , -Salto , and FetToim , will be relieved and allowed breathing time . TheMignclite General , Macdonald , has found a soldier ' s grave . Being obligfid to retreat fFom Viila Real before the combine !
forces of Vinhaes and Lapa , he wont to the rear with 100 men to recomioitrc , when suddenly the enemy ' s cavalry came upon him . Of the 0 : 00 men , only six ! stood by him : the others fled . The six and MacdonaM died fi ^ htinc manfully ; and yet the Diario , in : reporting that they fell sword in hands , adds , that j they died like cowanh , " morrevcuo < cabardomcnleY ' J This needs no comsaent . The death of po r old Mac-¦ donalu removes a treat stnmbVmg block from the > union of the Miguelitcs and Ultra * . In consequence : of the great rise in the price of bread , the Gavern-; ment is about to opea the ports for tke admission of : furciirn crain .
The latest news froja Oporto is , that fialdnnha was still at Agueda . Gencr . tl Antas had marched to Barcelios , three leagues from Viana , where also Casal had encamped .
GERMANY . The Prussian Diet . —A Royal proclamation summons the general diet to meet at Berlin on tho 11 th of April next . So much ir . i * ery prevails ia Silesia that the governor of that province has proceeded to Berlin to request a reinforcement of troops , for fear the < karne .- ; 3 of pvovisions should occasion disturbances . On the 31 st January all the foreinn . iournals were seized , comprising the Universal Prussian Gazette , a scmi-ulficia ! orgaa of the Prussian government .
The municipal council of Stuttgard having signed a petition in favour of the liberty of the press , the Minister of Interior of Wuilcmhcrg has been commanded by tho Kin :. ' to express to the corperation his displeasure at this proccedins . A letter from Manieh says : — '' Up to tho present time Ute government hatpermitted a great number of persons , and particularly editors , to receive exceptionally by post foreien journals , disapproved ( it by thecensoiship . Tlie Minister of the Interior has now deckled that editors alone shall be itllosved to receive such journals , and on tho express condition of taking an oath not to let them leave their cilice—aot to communicate their contents to more of their colleagues than shall require them for editing the paper—and to deliver them up within a delay of twelve hours to the censur , who is to give a receipt for the same guarding them under key for the government . "
ITALY . A letter from Ancona states , that serious disturbances have again taken place in the Itomagna , owing to the high price of corn . In many instances the priests had led the peasantry to sack the warehouses . To prevent a popular insurrection the government at Ancona put under sequestration a larpe quantity of corn bouaht on account of Enc ' iish merchants , liotvith&landing the rirotestaticnsof tho English consul ; a reimbursement , however , was offered .
RUSSIA . Official information has reached this country that the Emperor of liussia has prohibited all further exportation of corn from his dominions .
( UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . The Hibernian arrived at Liverpool on Sundav . The proceeding * of Congress present no features <> f particular note . In the Senate , on the 25 th ult ., Mr . Bcnton , on leave , made a speech in vindication of the President , for having proposed the creation of the office of Lieutenant-General of the Army . On the 27 th the Treasury Note Bill was read a third time and passed . Mr . Cilley ' s resolution to withdraw the troops from Mexico was taken up , and after Home remarks Mr . Cilley m . atls an explanation , and the resolution was laid on the tabk—ycas 4-1 :
, rays , 0 . In the house on the same day , Mr . King , of Georgia , offered a joint resolution , which was passed , directing the President to procure gold and silver medals for the officers and men of the French , Spanish , and English vtsEels-of-war , who aided in rescuing the seamen of the brig Sumere . The bill to increase the pay of and grant bounty land to the regulars and volunteers of the army was finally passed by 171 to 18 . Mr . Schenk moved a suspeasion of the rules to introduce lm resolution relative to the withdrawal of the troops from Mexico to the east bank of tho Rio Grande , which was negatived
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ian ^ r — by a vote of 2 S to 150 . The two Senate amendments to the Treasury Noto Bill were agreed to . In the Senate on the 28 th , Mr . Upham presented a resolution frora the Legislature of Vermont against f . hc Mexican war aad the acquisition of slave territory The committee on naval afftirs reported a bill to provide for the construction of four steam-siiijH-ofwar . Mr . NIps offered a resolution d .-claring it '' <" - cessaiy to raise an additional revenue of 5 , 000 , 000 or 0 , 000 , 000 dols . annually by increasing the duties on articles now t : tx < 'd , and imposing duties on those now free , to meet the expenses of the war .
Accounts from the seat of war arc not of much importance . At the latest dates General Scott was at Brazos St . Jago , awaiting the arrival <> f troops , with which it was expected he would , in conjunction with the squadron , invest Vera Cruz . Accounts from Tampio to the 5 th ult . state , taar Ganernl Shu-Id had divested the Mexican authorities of Tamj . ieo of civil pmcr , and entrusted it to aboard of Commissioners . Froni ' . CaliforniaUh re is no late intelli- 'eiice . Nothitiu' had been heard ol Goneral Kearney since he left Santa Fu with a small escort of dragoons to cross tlie continent to Monterey , on the Pacific . , „ -.- , Tub Anti-Rejcters . —The governor of 2 > ew lork had pardoned the anti-rent , eotivicts .
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1 p- ^—i ^^——THE WARRING TON "SHALLOWS" AND THEIR VICTIMS . PETITION OF WILLIAM PROWTIJfG ROBERTS . ( Extracted from the " Supplement to tho Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons . ) The humble Petition of William Prowling Roberts , of Manchester , Solicitor , Showctli , Tl ' aton M-jnilay , the - 3 ' . h of January last , at halfpast jiino in the morning , at Manchester , he was requested to nttend at W ' arrington immediately , to defend James Gerrard , Janics Ireland , John Dobson , and Thomas Wyke , and two others , all labouring men , who , it was supposed ( but it was not known with certainty ) , would be tried that mornins : at Wnrrington , on a clru-pu of havin ; absented themselves frora the service of their master , Mr . Joseph Baxter Edlesion , a file manufacturer , of Warrington . "
That your petitioner , a * soon as he could , procured a post-chaise and went to Warrington , where he arrived at between half-past eleven and twelve o ' clock . That on your petitioner ' s arrival in court at Warring- ton . he learned that James Gerrard and Thomas Wvke j had already been tried before Thomas Lyon and William ; Stubs , esquires , Lancashire magistrates , and sentenced ' to three months * imprisonment nnd hard labour , and '• that James Ireland was the'i upon his trial , two witnesses having been examined against him . That jour petitioner immediately requested the magis . trates to grant a re-hearing of the two cases alroady tried , as there had been no time for procuring witnessiw and taking instructions for their defence . And jour petitioner represented to the magistrates that the said James "Gerrard and Thomas Wvke , and also tho said J nines Ireland and John Dobson , had been taken into custody at a placa in Derbyshire , nine miles from Sheffield , early on
the morning of Sunday ; had arrived in Manchester at eight o ' clock at night , and were not in WurrinRtim till near nine o ' clock on that morninjr , Monday ; that tiiey had been refuted all intercourse with their friends in Warrington ; that no notice had been i-ivett of their trial , and that it was not known , until their arrival in Warrington , that they were about to be tried : and thatund < : r those circumstances it was impossible that they 'Couid obtain legal assistance and procure witnesses for their defence . Your petitioner also refenei to the Act of Parliament , enacting , in cases where the magistrates were invested with a summary jurisdiction , that persons accused should be admitted to make their full answer and defence , nnd to have all witnesses examined mid cross-examined by coensel or attorney , but that this privilege wits altogether nugatory nnd useless unless the accused b « A some little time allowed them for preparation ; but the said magistrates refused j our xaid ^ petitioner ' s reqeest .
That yenr petitioner afterward * was informed , that at the trial of the said James Gernrrd and Thomns Wyke , no informations had been lvad ag : nnsttbein , end that no informations against them were infhe court . That the Act of Parliament under which the said four persons were charged was the -4 th < jfeo . 4 th ,-c , 31 , < md that the third section of such A-ct gives cognizance of offences against masters "upon complaint up < m oath " before a magistrate ; that such -complaint upon oatli is called the information , nnd that in tho ubsciKC of such information no person can be legally tried . That your petitioner thereupon requested thne to propare for the defence of the said-Junes Ireland , and was allowed ten minutes ; your petitioner requested longer time , but was refused .
- ' That after about ten minutes tho trial of-James Ireland re commenced , and , after two witnesses had been examined , your pe'Hioncr , -considering that what was sworn to did not annunt to any offence , requested to see the information ; thntyour petitioner was then told thnt none of the informations were in court . The information , however , against J ;; mcs Ireland was sent for and brought , and soon afterwards , when replying to the case against the said Jumes Ireland , your petitioner requested . t copy of the snid information , but that the iniigistrates refused to-: illow him one ; that your petitioner then requested that the information might he read so slowly that
he might copy it down , but that the said magistrates refused such request ; thnt petitioner then requested the said magistrates to allow liiqi to look at and 4 iold the information in his hand while he argued from -it . but that said magistrates refused such request- ; and that then yimr petitioner gave up-the defence of the € iiid James 'Ireland . Your ipsiitioner had many pohrtste urge with regard to the said information , and so informed the magistrates ; thattfie magistrates' clerk informed yoitr pertitit ner he might have any part of the information read to him that he liked , but jour petitioner declined this . That the said James Ireland was thereupon sentenced to three months' imprisonment and hard labour .
That thb c immencing f > try the paiil Jam « c Ireland in the absence of the information against him was contrary to law . That the refusal of a copj of the «« M information , and tlie refusal to allow it to be read-slowly , and the refusal of permission to hold it while arguing u \> on it , were contrary to the rules and usages of and before the jud / fsof the superior courts , and that such trial and such refusal are very prejudicial to the defence of a person Accused . That afterwards John Dsbson was brouglrtupto be tried , and , in rtply to an application for time , the mngistrates offered to postpone his trial for a week . That thereupgn your petitioner requested that in the meantime the saH John Dobson mitiht beout on bail , but tint the msgistrates refused sueh request , j . nd that thereupon your petitioner did not press the request for a postponement of the trial . Your Petitioner then asked to see the
information against the said John Dobsnn , and was t oW that it w « s not in court , but thnt it w « uld bb sent for , and while being sent for he rntKht sen tlie friends of the r . aid John Dobson and prepare his defence . That the sai 1 John Dobson was in about ten minutes ealled upon to b « tried , an-I that st the same moment tbc messenger wbobaJ been sent for the information returned and said it could not be found ; that thereupon your petitioner requested that the said Jo hn Cobson might he set : it liberty , th * re Wing tbea no charge against him ; but the magistrates' clerk said , " O , no , v . e can make another . " and that forthwith the said clerk wrote out anotber information , and the said Joseph U . iKter E . ilesten was s * orii to the same . That your petitioner endeavoured to persuade the said clerk and the said magistrates that such mode of trial was vtry irregular , but that the said mngistnites decided that it was quite regular , and should proceed .
That therenpni : your petitioner requested a copy of such hctv information , aud tlieti that it should be read so slowly as that it Cuuld bo taken down in writing ; ami that afterwards jour petitioner requested a copy ofthe contract which the said John Dobson was charged with not observing , and then that the said contract should be read f . o slowly that it might be taken down in writing ; but taat the said magistrates refused such-requests as to the said information and contract , desiriug their clerk to read them in the usual way ; but tl ) e said magistrates permitted your pjtitioner to look tt and hold the said information and coittrjct in his hand . That this ino . le of conducting a trial was quite new to your petitioner , but that the clerk to tlie magistrates and the magistrates themselves , aud the solicitor for the p' -osceution , said it was all quite regular and proper , nnd tbc u « ual way , or to that effect . That the ' said John IKibson was sentenced to three
months imprisonment and hard labour . That thereupon the prosecutor , Joseph Baxter EJlestcn , addressed the magistrates , an , l srii--l he would consent to the said John Dobs < m '< s discharge if he would pay the costs of briujdng him from Derbyshire ; that the magistrates assented to this , » nd aske-1 the constable what was tho amount of expenses , and that the snid constable snid , four uoHiids , one shilling-, ami eiirhtpeace halfpenny was Dobson ' a share ; that the suid Di .-i ^ -istrates asked the prisonsr whether lie would pay this sum ; but lie was very pour aud unable to do so , and was thereupon sentenced to three months'imprisonment mid hurd labour .
That your petitioner submits that , inasmuch as the information on which the said John Dobson had been taken into custody in Dadjshire had been abandoned , he /» as not liable cither in law , or equity , Or reason , to pay the said four pounds , one shilling , and eigbtpence halfpenny . The only costs which if could be said tho said John Dobson was liablo to pay were the cosU of the information 6 worn to while he ttood in the prisoner ' s dock . And therefore your petitioner sujs that the said John Dobson is not justly imprisoned , for that he is imprisoned for not paying a sum which he was not liablo to pay , to wit , the said sum of four pound ? , one shilling , nnd eightpcncd halfpenny , and that he is not impri soned for violating his contract . And your petitioner fays that the oflering to release an accused person it he will pay a sum which he docs not owe , aud the imprisoning him if he refuses to pay it , are oppressive , and contrary to law .
And y-onr petitioner submits that the 6 aid James Ger . rard , Thomas Wyke , James Ireland , and John Dobson , have not , for the reasons aforesaid , had fair trials ; and that there is no mode ot obtaining the release of the said four persons unless your honourable house shall interfere in their behalf ; for that the only remedies by which in law they could obtain their liberty aro the writs of haheat corpus and certioraii ; and that the returns to the said arits would disclose the informations , the tvldcncc ,
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i ; md the convictions , but not the absence of the informa-¦ ions at the said trials , nor any of the other matters rtwre complained of ; and that the jud ges of the superior wuvts , in deciding on , writs of habeas corpus and certi . orari , will only take notice of what appears in the returns thereto , and will not allow of any argument but what is founded ou such returns . That the practice of trying persons accused under acts giving summary jurisdiction to magistrates immediately , or very soon after they are taken into custody , and in the mean timo of restraining them from intercourse with their friends , is very common in Lancashire , nnd is deserving of the interference of your honourable house "
That the Act of Parliament under which tho sai four ( crsons were convicted , and aro uowiu Kirkdale gaol , is very penal in its enactments against working men , and that It gives no right to appeal . Your pstitioner therefore humbly prays Unit your honourable house will give such relief in the preruUcs us to your honourable lnuso shall sewn lit and proper , and particularly that your honourable house will so order as that persons accused before magistrates in petty sessions may have the benefit of tlie rules and usages which have been sanctioned and recognized by the judges of the superior court * . And your petitioner will ever pray , &c . WitttAJi Prowtinq Roueets .
The petitions of Jane Gerrard , wife of Jamesi Gcrrard ; Ellen Wyke , mother of Thomas-. Wyke ; Mar saret Ireland , wife of James Ireland ; and Ellen JJolison , wile ot John DobSbn , aro printed with tin above , and severally confirm the statements contained in Mr . Roberta ' s petition .
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| | j Destitute State of the Sitou-fields Weavers . I —On Tuesday , a general meeting of the unemployed broad silk-weavers was held in the Crown and An-I civ . T Tavern , Waterloo Town , Betlinal Green , for the purpose of memorialising her Majesty on thepvesenj , depressed condition ot the trade , and the dosti-| tutinn consequently existing among the weavers . : The meeting was numerously attended . Mr . Avnecli was unanimously called to the chair . The meeting was addressed by Messrs . Moles , Burrows , A ' endome , I Fcrdinando , Sherravd , and others , at considerable ( leugth , explanatory of the stale of the trade , and of I the causes which , in their opinion , had produced it . j The following resolution was unanimously adopted : —
" That it is the opinion of this meeting that the silk trade is in a moto depressed condition at this time than it has been for a number of years , f . his meeting being ; in a condition to pnwe that more than onethird of the hands in S |) ita ! fields are at present unemployed ; the consequence has been an immense increase cf pauperism iu the district . Besides this , there are an immense number of families enduring almost unheai'J-of privations , keeping their miseries to themselves , and suffering even unto death without making it known ; and in tho opinion of this meeting nearly the whole of this distress has been caused by the measures introduced into Parliament by Sir It . Peel and sanctioned by that august body , for reducing the duty on foreign wrought silks . This has caused an immense stagnation in the home silk trade , as well as great reduction in the wages of labour .
The manufacturers instead of employing English labour to manufacture silk goods , have become im-I pnrters of foreign silks , choosing to encourage what . they term the cheap labour of the foreigner in pre-\ ferance to that of the English artisan . And this meeting is further of opinion , that unless the government interferes to secure the home market to the , English producer , that the trade will in future aink into a more depressed condition than it now i 3 . " A ! memorial to her Majesty , based upon the preceding I resolution , and praying that she would exercise her ; royal prerogative to cause measures to be introduced ' into Parliament for their relief , was also unanij raously adopted , and a committee flf five having been ; appointed to carry out the objects of the meetin ; :, it j broke up after the customary vote of thanks to ' tlie chairman .
IWbr IIamlet 3 Shoemakers , — A preliminary meeting of CorJwainees was he ! d at the Hermit-Tavern , Bedford-square Ea * t , on Monday , February 15 th , to take into consideration the be 6 t means of benefiting their trade , when sever . il shopmates enroljed their names , and resolved— " That a -cub eomm ' Fttee of five be appointed to draw up an address and bills for a public meeting . The meeting was then adjourned until Monday , the first of March , at the fiermit Tavern , Bedforcksqunre East . NOTTINGHAM—United Trades . —A general meeting of all branches of Frame-work Knitteis was held at their Assembly Rooms , the King George on Horseback Tavern , Gregory ' s Building , on Menday , Jebruary the loth .
Mr .-Gavnall was unanimously called to the chair , and briefly opened the proceedings , and called on the deputation who had been waiting on t . he several masters , with a view to the assinsihition of the "Bump weight , " which ihey did in a manner highly satisfactory to the meeting . Messrs . Winters , of Carlton Dean , of Nottingham , and -cevernl others addressed the meeting on the benefits to ba derived from joining the National Associations of United Trades . Mr . Wolloy , the Distriot'Secretary , reported that upwards of one hundred members hail enrolled their names in the " Monster Association" since their last meeting , ami that they also had received a great acquisition of strength at Arnold alco since his-last report . The following resolutions-were then submitted to the meeting and adopted .
That the middle masters in the " cut up branch , " be requested to co-operate with Hie District Committee , in order to tlVoct a regulation of the prices and weights , air ) the abolition of "Hump w « ight . " That a time nnd plate be appointed for the masters to mett such portion of tlie Committee as shall be appointed , for the purpose of making the necessary arrangements in order to ensure general satisfaction . That tho Associations give such protection ao their rules afford to either middle masters or joureeyiQcn , who may be temporarily injured by joining the Assuciati < ms . That the members of the "National Associations " shall bu identified by cards distributed in the several locaiities for that purpose , and tluiv numes entered in a generai negister , kept by the District Secretary .
1 hat deputations be sent to all the surrounding villages , to explain in meetings convened for that purpose , the proceedings of the District Committee , and to solicit the co-operation of their fellow workmen . That theuuinber of persons employed in making " cute up" be ascertained , and forwarded to the District Secretary . That a vote of thanks be given to those manufacturers who have already agreed to a systematic mode of working . That this meeting pledges itself individual and collectively , by every legal means in their power / to uphold the " list prices . " Thit this meeting at its rising , stand adjourned until the first day of March next . Thata vote of thsnks be given to the Executive Committee and the Chairman for their services . The meeting then adjourned . Mark Wollev . District Secretary .
THE STOCKPORT BLEACHERS AND FINISHKItS . —A report having beea circulated that W 3 , the bleachers and finishers , lately employed by Messrs . Uollins , Veltman , and Co ., have acted wronj ; in leaving Our work , inasmuch as ( it is said ) no reduction lias been offered , but merely a mistake corrected , we will offer a brief explanation . The abnvejnamed firm have but lately besun to bleach and finish the kind of fabric about which this dispute has ariaeil , therefore , the men have been working at a certain rate per day , as is commonly the case at the commencement of an establishment of the kind , until about four or five months previous to the strike . The makers-up and packers then took their work by the piece at the rate of 3 i . 3 d , per 100 pieces oi' 20 vards
each , that being tho length of this kind of doth . I Ucy were paid at this rate for four months , at the end of which time they went to reckon up their week ' s work as usual , but were told that they had been overpaid ; that their agreement was for twentyfour yards to the piece , or 120 pieces of twenty yards each to the 100 , which statement was declared " to be false , and the parties were asked to produce it in writing . They said they had it in writing , but no such written list of prices was produced until two or three days had passed over , when the mauagei- and book-keeper could each of them produce one , both Ot which bore evident mark * of being recently drawn "p . Ihcy still maintained that they were ri-ht and the consequence was , we all struektwoi-k rather than allow our follow workmen to be reduced twenty
per cent . Butcan any one think it possible , even supposing our employers to be correct , that a mistake of lt > 5 per cent could be made weekly for f .. ur months without detection ? We must add that tho employers were willing to pass over what had been ov : rpaui if the men would consent to work in future at ttie reduced price , which would not have been tho case had tlie firm been correct . A preat deal more raightbcsaid with respect to this matter , but we tiiinlt tlas autlieient to convince any reasonable man wiucli ot tho parties arc right . The firm were tlie chief advocates in this town for tho Repeal of the Corn Laws which , they said , would bring us " cheap bread" and " high wages , " and , since the Bill passed , there has scarcely been a week but there has been sonic disturbance orcr the men ' s vages !
SPITALFIEI . D WEAVERS' BRANCH of the National Trades' Association , held at the White Horse , llare-street Bethnal- » reen , Feb . 10 th , resolved . — " That this meeting requests the attention of the directors of the National Association of United Trades for the protection of Industry to tho necessity of an immediate and vigorous agitation of the metropolis ( particularly this district ) by public meetings explanatory of their views and objects . "
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The ute Mil Byng ' b estate has been valued for probate duty at £ 400 , 000 .
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THE TEN HOURS' BILL . MEETING OF THE SHORT TIME DELEGATES . On Wednesday evening a meeting of the wh-ile of tho delegates was held in their rooms , No . 2 , Northumberland-court , immediately after tin ; division ' » n the second reading ot tho Ten Hours Bill . The n 'J'i ct of their meeting was to emvey their thanks to those ! Members of Parliament who took part in tin .-¦ i ckito , also to deviso the bast m .: ans of securing the Una success of the measure . Mr . John Leech , of UudttCttfieW , w as called to the chair . 1 he "lowinganswer to thc delegates' memorial tt'l ' ^ - r > whlBh ™* PW «« 'U . « to him on Saturday night , was read to thu meeting :-n „ . Whitehall , Feb . 17 , „ ? " k f" - " ™** ved yo-. r oommJuti-art .... of tho 13-. li of February , nddreawd to mo in vour c « p » citv of delegates from the operatives ofUucasl . ire and Yorkshtrc .
I am not disposed to deny the special obligations which aro imposed upon me , on account . oi the relation in which my family lias stoud towards that brunch uf industry to which your letter refers . But the duty implied by those obli ^ ui . ms is that 1 should take that , course which I conscientiousl y believe to be just towards the workin , ; cla-ses , and uotulucive to their permanent welfare ; and , as I consider further U-. gUlative restriction on the hours of Inborn-in f . ictoi its to be inconsistent witli justice and good policy , 1 decline to support them . I am , Gentlemen , your obedient servant , It-jiiKKT Peel . Mv . Thomas Mawdsley , Mr . John Brewer . The thanks of the delegates were then unanimously passed tn Mr . Htrnal , Mr . FVrrand , Sir Robert Inglis , Mr . S . Crawford , Sir George Strickland , Lord George Bentinck , and Lord Ebriuyton , for their able advocacy of the Ten Hours Bill .
The thanks of the delegates were also niven to the 195 Members who voted for tho sccuiul reading of the Bill , anil to Mr . Laboucherc and Sir Robert Peel , who , although opposed to thc measure , resisted thc base and factious efforts of Mr . Kseott and Mr . Bright , to prevent a division by movin » the adjournment of tho houss , on the unparliamentary ground that certain Members of l ' arliamcut " had not spoken . Thanks were then voted to the chairman , and the delegates separated .
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TO THE EDITOU OV THE NOUTHUR STAR . Sm , —Permit me through the medium of your columns , tootfevto Almighty God the grateful thanks of an overflowing heart for IIU gracious interference in behalf ot' the pour oppressed factory children and women ! lie . has heard their prayers and mine ; He has disposed the hearts of a vast majority of the members present this day in the House of Commons to vote for the second reading of the Teu Hours' Factory My heart is too full to allow ms to utter all I feel . God be praised ! His is the Glory ! May those who will bo benefitted by that Bill oin with me in praising htm 1 _ I thank the members of the press whom lie has disposed to aid this sacred cause .
I thank the members of the House of Commons who have voted this day in favour of the Ten Hours ' Factory Bill . Nay , 1 rejoice to be able to offer my thanks to Sir Robert Peel and Mr . Labouchere , opponents though they may be , for the very handsome and gentlemanlike manner in which they frustrated tlie base attempt of the enemies of the Bill to insult the House of Commons , and to delay the vote on this most important measure . As for Mr . Bright , I really do pity him . When I msct him in Manchester , as 1 most certainly shall do , I will tell him , before the people there , why . And now , one word to the friends of the Ten Hours ' Bill . — "Bo instant , in season and out of season ;" pray to God for Ilia blessing ; deserve his blessing by your work J
Thank you , Sir , for inserting this ; and believe me to be , your Grateful servant , Richard Oastlkr . London , Feb . 11 , 1847 .
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THE " WEST TESTIMONIAL . " Some weeks ago the Macclesiield committee did me the honour to appoint mo treasurer , for the metropolitan districts , for any subscriptions that might be ie : < eived ftr thc testimonial in honour of John Wut I am very averse to holding the office of treasurer to any fund , nevertheless 1 accepted the appointment until flouie one better'qualified could be found to whom 1 could transfer the appointment .. Icou ! dnot think of applying to Mr . O'Connor , knowing , as I do , that * he has already several treasurersh-ips to attend to . Atlas , himself , had hardly a heavier load to bear , and it would have been no act of JRstico or friendship for me to have essavetl to add to the existing burden .
1 naturally turned to a man whose nrir . ie is dear to the . people , identified as that name is with the struggles of many years for thu establishment of tue rights of labour—Richard Oastler . I felt that the withdrawal of my own humble name , and tho substitution of that of tho factory peupk- ' s " kin-j , ' would ^ e [ both a compliment and a service to the cause the men of Macclesfiold have lit heart . Of course I could not do this without consulting Mr . Oastler . ; accordingly , I addressed a letter to that ucntleman , in answer to which I received the following-reply : — London , February 5 th , 1 SJ 7 . My Bear Sir , —I . have read your letter with deep regret . 1 atn indeed grieved that a man so worthy oi prosperity should bo buffering under the pangs of adversity , Here then , we have another proof , that talent , industry , and honesty , « re | no guarantee to plenty ; else poor John West would not be " in novelty at the loom . "
1 should have great pleasure if , by the uss of m \ name , the funds for his "Testimonial" could h :: augmented . JJsi ! it in any way you think btsst , except as treasurer . I have never been treasurer for public funds , I have long formed a resoluti n that I never will be . I will * mention John West ' s ease where I think it will be useful , and shall be glad if you will let mo have a book , properly authenticated , for subseriptioni . With hearty wishes for tho success ot'" West ' s TcUi . monial . " I remain , my dear Sir , Your ' s truly , HicnABD Oastleh . To Mr . G . Julian Ilarney . It is only right to add that the proofs of Mr . Oast-Icr s esteem and sympathy for Mr . West have not been confined to the contents ot' the above letter
Of course , I shall continue to hold the ( metropolitan ) trcasurcrship , until 1 can transfer the appoint , ment to some one more worth y , or possessed of influence which I cannot lay claim to . After what has recently appeared in this journal , it is unnecessary that I should express my sense oi tlto claims uf Mr . West . I will merely say if those claims are neglected by the people , it will provo that tho masses * ro not , yet sen > iblu of the worth of so able a man , and are tut yet in a position to command the respect of other classes , because not ju ? t to thc truly great men of their own order . G . JULIAN IIA RNEY . Northern Star Ofliee , Feb . 17 , 1 S 17 .
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' ¦ " Soiree of tue ' Viiittington Ciub . —The foundation of the Whittington Club was celebrated on Wednesday evening , bj- a gathering of the members mid thrrir friends , at the London Tavern . The room was so full that many could not gain admission . The chair was occupied bv Douglas Jerrold , Esq ., tho president and founder of the club , round whom were congregated on thc platform a large number of distinguished individuals . Including ladies . Mr . Jen-old opened the proceedings in a pithy address , which was received with enthusiasm . He described the objects of the club , and the advantages which would be enjoyed by its members in readinsr , conversation , Ac . Mr . Ji-rrold conducted by prophpysving the highest and most beneficial resnlts from tlio institution , both in our own , and in times to coinc . —Addrcses were then delivered by Dr . Mullinger , Mr . Daivson , Dr . Bowring , and other gentlemen , the entertainment being further supported by distinguished vocalists , among whom were Miss Rainforth , Miss Bassano , Mis 3 Mcssent , aud Mr . Wetherbnn .
r uneual of a Veteran , —On Saturday last a larpc crowd collected at Kensal ! Green Cimetery to witness the interment of Mr . George Robinson , nsed 103 , who was one of the principal horse dealers in this country , and had amassed considerable propert y in his business . Among tho mourners was hU juvenile son , of 83 years oFa-e , ia excellent health , and possessed of every faculty . Thc deceased till within f he last four or five days , had , with tho aid of a stick been able to walk the neighbourhood of his residence ' Mnida-hill . ' EPvA »» s-DwTiTUTio : f .-A . meeting of farmers was held here last week to consider the destitute condition of the labouring people in the parish The meeting rcsrfved to establish a depot in t ' icvi uVo and there to place immediately one hundred and seventy bulls of sound oat and barley meal Tl »< meal is to be sold to thc poor on the lowest possible crms ; the price to be restricted to 28 s per boll of Io 74 lb . ; the barleymcal to be 20 i per nine stones of lori lu *
tn « P , » Vv WoBK « r must bei - ma «« - of surprise to the public generall y to perceive how varied arc the opinions expressed by the leading newspaper * , with re " spectto Mr Dwkons ' s last publication . It mav well be imagined hat some adverse criticisms upon the works of this and other celebrated authors may proceed from per . sonal feelings , or educational prejudices . T 1 r . sc , ho » - - ever could account for but a few . The majority , as we may have thu bust medical authority for statins , nmy bo ascribed to irritability of temper , generally arisin ; from a deranged state of the liver and other viscera , and ' which could easily bo i emediod by the occasional me of Franin . ton s Pill ot Hcnlth , which is gentle in its operation and uuimliug in its effect .
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HOUSE Ol LORDS , fEb . 15 . MOSTUY . —REFORM OF THK CHURCH .-. E ul FiTZ » n . MAM presented n petition which excited s mo iiit"rest coming a « it dirt from a clergyman in Ox !' , -d . shire , nml praying for an increase of the numb * i- if ms . linjis , so that tin : church should have the benefit of Mio snjicrvWnii of 52 of them ; that they should b ( ivi \ efl from tln'ir IeuWiitive duties , in (< rdrr that they » mgl ; i Do the moio I'ljutblo of attending to tlicir | ecclt ; siasti ( :. i dmo . tionn , tlisit tlieir . it pvi-seiit ton Itivgo salaries , sht , \ ui \ ho rut down , tlio S'lving distributed amongst thc wiu- |; ii ({ cliTR . v , so '' liit thfl number of that class might 1 » - nig . ment ' e'l 801 ) , atfalnriis of £ 100 , and that the laity s ! 'o > ild as of oM luive a voice in the management <•{ he CllHl-cll .
RAILWAYS—STATE OF THE CURItENCY-T . nrd AsnncnTott movd for returns with referenc : to the Rnihvnys ami the Bank of Eneland for the pui'prn . of sJiowir . tr tlmt these undertakings should be limited in the present state nf th » country and the currency , l-. e -, si «' , ed to nsocrtftin l > ow far tho operations arising out of tli . se srhem « s mi .-ht . amoii R other effects , have a tcmU-mv to deprive the , legitimate commerce of tlie country of tlsoso risourcrs whirh it would otherwise enjoy , and how far tlicv might tend to embarrass the finances of the uovern .
mi ; nt . Something like a new circulating mciuin , > n tkc shape of bnnds and debentures , intcrfcriMi ; v .-rry much with Excluqtier . bills , had arisen out of ikcse sfhi-ine ? . There had also been a considerable ( Tiain of bullion frum the hnnk of England for some woks it a few months past . There was nlsnan apprehension that , in some shnpe or other , Government would b'uroiv a considerable mm nf money , and millions seemed to bo toast ; 1 ; -Vmut vith gre'it levity . These were circumstances wliii-b rendered it important that their lurnships "OiouH have nil ro > sible information on the subject
Th « Enrl of Cr . AitENDON thought that t ? iff returns should hnve been given notic « ofin the usual manner , es « perisr ' . ly as the nnble lord had accompanied his motion by a most important , comprehensive , and in sonit respects alarming speech . T . ord ' AsiiisuiiToN consented to withdraw liis motion till Thursday . IRISH PAUPERISM . —Another conversation on tho often mooted subject of the Emigration of Irish pampers into Liverpool arose , in thc courso of which Etirl Grey stated thnt since the commencement of thc present year , between 0 , 000 nnd 7 , 000 emizratits had left Liverpool for the United States . But the information he ltad received was to the effect that by far tho majority of those pertons who had l : irs <) ed in Liverpool from Ireland had come to tills country in order toobtnin relief , and wore not of the class nf pvrsons who were like to emigrate . He was led toVi ^ . litve , from what lift had heart ! on the subject , thnt cmitrration during the present year would bo carriednn nnnn n vervlirgo scale .
DESTITUTE PERSONS ( IRELAND ) BILL—The Marquis of Landsdowne in moving the second reading of this 1 ) 511 , briefly explained its scope nnd objects . Lord BnonGHAM in n lengthy speech blamed the Government for not calling Ptrlwment together inNove . mber last . lie objected to the principle on which their measures worn framed . He wished to record arew his objection tn nny measures of relief tbat proceeded on th « nssnmption of the doctrine that it was any part of tho duty of nny government whatever to feed the people of nny country , or to provide food , wages , or labour for tho pe . ople . The duty of the government was to stcure the rights of the people and tha rights of properly , never to interfere with either one right or the other , and to smooth away every ob-taclo , and remove every impediment .
which cither the bad lsiws , the violence or tho wicked * ness of men or of courts , might interpose in tho way of every man ilenling with bis property as ho listed , nnd dis « posing of liU labour where and ae he might think proper . It -was never the duty of a government to interfere except under extraordinary and almost unparalliled cireum . stances , and the proof of that extraordinary necessity lay upon thoso who interfered . It also lay upon them to prove that they mini it safrly apply the funds of the people to the relief of such a necessity , and thnt they had the right to givo the relief ; because they had no right to give reiiff to one at the expen ^ of another part of tho community . He theu criticised severely tho proceedings of thc Government , with refen-nve to the mode of relieving distress in Ireland
during the recess , and turning to the question of Repeal , denied that the miseries of Ireland were in nny way attrihutab ' e to tho union between the ttvo countries ia support of thw proposition , ho read evidence to show that previous to the union , Ireland was in a very similar stato in what it is noiv . The Irish people were thrown on the English fur sustenance , with the promisa that the cost should be repaid . Ho rjiid little faith in the promise . All tho Irish gentlemen said , " Oh , of course , we mean to repay you . Only give U 9 your money ns a loan , —of course we mean and intend to repay you . " But when \\< i bad put the question to them , " But do you think you will repay ! " that was a very diff .-rent thing . He had never yet met « ne of them who seemed tn have any kind of confidence that they would repav . Indeed ,
it was more that usunl with them to say , " Wo have all the will ; but we don ' t think we shall be able . " ( A laugh . ) When we in Ensrland wanted money , however , we could ¦ no t eo into the money market and get it at ttic current ia . tercst on suc . li security , ( llenr , hear . ) And those who held this language soemed to forget how their estates were mortgaged , and that yet they contrived to command all tlie luxuries of life , sudi as all men in the same -Anb in England could not commnnd—they could have their servants , their carriages , nnd their French wines . These ivcro som . 3 of the complaints we in England made acninst those who came to nsk tor meney ; and as they came to ask for money , it entitled us to make remarks which would otherwise bo imlHli gite . Lord BBOBoiUMVaHnek on the landlords produced M msaal , host of defenders of that body ,
Lord S 7 \ n * . et thought the noble and learned lord had dealt too severely with the Irish landlords , nnd that soma of his nninudversiona upon the people of that country might have been spared . The landlords cheerfully acquiesced in the proposal to make them responsible for all moneys to he advanced to remedy thc evils existhig in the present condition of Ireland . He was not prepared to admit tint all the provisions of the present bill ' were iinexceptionabls , but Iik would not now object to it , trusting to this discretion of the Government in carrying itout . Ho would . however , warn the Government against enacting a perm . inent poor-law for Ireland , with thos majority of its representatives so decidedly opposed to it . If they did enact such a law , it would be advisable to ctteml to Irish property so burdened that degree of protection aeainst was te and abuse whieh property possessed ia England .
His Lordshi p ' s o'bjpetions to a real poor-law wcro warmly echoed b y Lords Fitzwillum and Monteaglk . The M 3 i- ( iu . 8 of L 4 ndsdowne nlso expressed his obligations to Lor-l Stanky for the valuable suggestions he had given , to which he promised the Government would pny marked attention , and some of which he at o : ic ; promised should be adopted . The Bill was read a second time , and their Loi ;\ = ' iips adjourned at half-past nine . HOUSE OF COMMONS , Feb . 15 . MOXDAY . — RAILWAYS IN IRELAND . —Mr . Oe . bobne gave naticj that , in the event of the Hallways ( Ireland ) Bill being thrown out , he w . u ' . d propose that Gwrrninciit should undertake to afford facilities for completing such of the railways now in progress in Ire . lnmJ as should obtain the recommendation of t ' ic Board of Works . CASTLEBAU UNION . —To , questions for Lard DtJHcav and Mr . P . Scbope
SirGKonoe Obev stated that it was true the board of guardians of tho Castlebar Union hnd baen dissolved by tho Poor Law CommUtoners , and that steps had board f ° ° immediate election ° f another , » m , " -f- R 0 I > E wWied tok " <» 'v whether the Government had , tin contemplation to institute a probation of tho gunrdians , who , during the last three months , had b « en suspending relief to able bodied paupers , and shutting ths workh 00 se-door in their faces , in consequence of which n large number of persons had died from starvation within the limits of the union , as was recorded by coroners inquests in upwards of 100 cases ? He wished to know whether tho Government intended to i . roaecute those guardians for their heinous neglect of
Sir O . Oiiey said that ho wns not in possession of any information which authorised him to stato that push a prosecution had been instituted or was eontem . plated . Mr . P . ScRorn wished to know whether tho ristat hen gentleman thought that the Government had it in their power to institute a prosecution against the dismissed guardians ? Were the guardians legall y responsible for their conduct ? Sir O Grey said that hs could not answer the ones , turn . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . i \ ScnoFE ch 11 c < 1 upon tho Attornev-Getivral to answer it . ( "Order , orJsr . ") Mr . F . I ^ EMcn condemned tho practice of mskin . ' atuekMipou individuals under cover of questions proposed to a Minister of the Crown .
Mr . P . Scrope said , he merel y wished to know whether tho right to out-door relief existed in Ireland ; because , ifit did not , ho would endeavour to persuade the Government and the house to establish it by the bill which ha hail given notice of his intention to introduce . THE WELLINGTON STATUE . —To a question from Mr . C . BERKEtsr , ^ Lord MoRr-MH stated that tho sub-committee of the Wellington statue htid given instructions to tlie Tul ptor to remove the scaffolding on the north side , as they did not think the government and the country had ns jet ; i fair view of thestatuo , If the government shuuld continue to think tlio site unfavourable , the sub-committce had consented to remove the stntuo . Lord MoHrETii intimated that the government were of opinion thnt the north side of Waterloo-plncu would be . the . best site .
Mr . Mackinnon — Is the noble lord aware that amongst the ancients—( Great laughter)—it was held to be a great indignity to an individual , either during lag life or after his death , to remove any statue or trophy erected to his honour ! Is tho noble lord also aware of another circumstance ? ( ' < Order , " and " Oh !") I am about to put a question , though I ought to npol gis ^ for proposing it to bo distinguished a classic . I * the nobla lord aware that , at Pompeii , an equestrian ttatue was erected over nn arch in thosamoaUitudoas that of the Duke of Wellington ! I have a print of the staiuo , ; . n < I will lot tho noble lord seo it . ( " JI » ar , " and laujji ^ er ,
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Untitled Article
February 20 , 1847 . THE NORTHERN STAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 20, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1406/page/7/
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