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tfomgn i!toiKmt!tt& jTamasa^a. ^Vtr ^t- _-
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(Solom'ai anli foreign intelligence* •* » — ^_
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•• And I will war , at leastin wards , | And—thouldmy chance so happen—deeds )¦ WithtUnliowaxwith Thought "" « I think I hear a little Vird ^ ho sings Tbe peopleby-iad . T > ywiiib e thestronger . "—Buoh . REVELATIONS ~ OF AUSTRIA . * SO . VI . We conclude our extracts from this work by giving tie remarks of M . Kohbbakiewicz on the late
MASUCBCS IN GAUICI * . We have seen that the Polish language , essential basis of nationality , is forbidden in the schools , the tribunal ? , administration , army aod church—that the seignorial estates and those of the peasantrj are individual—that theproprietors cannot fixe these peasants from forced labour , that the entire revenue of the forced labour , and « f en more , accrues to the imperial treasury . Metternich says in his diplomatic do to of the 7 th of Kirch , 18-16 , that he has sent to his agents at the Ger .
man courts" that the Austrian government had ameliorated tha condition of the Polish peasantry who hate polonUm ( Voleaihum ) because it reminds them of their taiserj—that the insurgents of Cracow and Gallicia did not wish to make a revolution , bnt a counter-revolution . " It is of bad angury for the Austrian empire when its grand vizier Metternich is driven to defend himself by such diplomatic falsehoods . During no period of the Polifh independent government has the condition of the peasantry been legally and systematically more unfortunate than under the paternal government of Austria .
The lords have a right to forced labour , but on account of this forced labour thej pay to the Kaiser , under the tieadofdirect and indirect taxes , more than a hundred and twenty per cent . They are obliged to maintain a justiciary , and mandataries to levy the conscripts and taxes on the peasantry . The lords might virtually renounce the forcedlabour , bat they cannot free themselves from the charges attendant on the forced labour , and which absorb it to the Kaiser ' s profit . We have already observed that there are besides , peasanss , of whom the
Kaiser is at the same time lord ; these peasants constitute the domains , and are called Kammtrats . It is of the 3 e peasants that the paternal government made nse to massacre the priests and Polish nobles . It is not the peasantry of the nobles who assassinated their lords . Ko . it was tfaeKaiser's peasantry , commanded by Colonel Bcnedik , and soldiers disguised as peasants , who -went from castle to castle murdering the Polish nobles , men , women , and children , without ever having previously ¦ esn them , and delivered the bodies to the Circles ia consideration of ten florins a held .
HetternicU was far from supposing tbatEarope would Discover all the atrocity and baseness of the part 'which he had played in organizirg the massacres of Gallicia ; he was far from sapposing that Europe would ascertain tha truth of this sanguinary drama , through the disguise Of official calumny and falsehood ! He no doubt thought if ance the Gallician nobility were broken down and dispersed , that the peasants would return to order , and kneel , as they had previously done , to thVpattrnat yoke Of his most Catholic majesty : his views have been frustrated , Europe has branded with all its indignation the aca or the Austrian cabinet . A thrill of horror—a feeling of disgust and contempt has pervaded all hearts , and Austria has lost in the eyes of Europe the little
consideration which she might still enjoy . We think it ncces . tary to recur to a fact , which may not be sufficiently understood—we mean the part which the peasants took in tha recent massacres in Gallicia . The actors in these scenes of horrorare not properly called peasants . They belon ? to the landwehr , and had all been more or less demoralized and debased in the ranks of the Austrian army . At the first call of the administration these men , or rather bandits , fell upon the nobility , bnt they wtr * driven back on several points by the real peasantry ; in general , these men armed themselves for the defence of tlnir lords , but they took care to stipulate fortheabolition of forcedlabour . Peasants defended the castle of the Princess Ogln ? ka , and protected it against wretches in the pay of the Austrian government .
Iu concluding our extracts from this work the fewest words of comment will suffice . We cannot congratulate author , translator or publisher , as to the work ' s appearance , the book looking as if it had been pitchfork'd together , rather than written , translated and printed with that care which the public have a right to expect . We have been disappointed , too , as regards the extent of M . Konbrakiewicz ' s revealments . A work beirins the title of" Revelations of Austria . " should
tell us somethin ; of life in Vienna , the iniquities of Awstrian rule inllungarv , Bohemia , Italy and other conquered states ; and also something of the foreign poiicy of Austria , her relations with Russia and Prussia , and her probable designs upon Switzerland , and that true Germany not yet ' subjectedto her rule . M : Konbrakiewicz ' s disclosures are nearly wlioily confined to Austrian Poland . We admit this is not his fault but his misfortune , he , seemingly , being only acquainted with that portion of the Austrian sbite 3 .
The "Revelations of Austria" have yet to be written . Nevertheless , we welcome the revelations contamed in this work , as far as they extend . We mast , however , protest against two grave errors of the author - . —1 st , his indiscriminate abuse of the Germans ; and , 2 nd , his leanings toward Russia . The editor has done well to guard the readers asainst the latter . It would appear that under whichever of the three despotisms a Pole is doomed to live , he regards that particular despotism as the worst of the three ; thu 3 M . Koubrakiewricz is led to reeard the Prussian tyranny in the light of a free and blessed system compared with that of Austria , and even the Russian autocracy is less hateful than tto rule of the Kaiser , according to the same authority .
Indeed , since the massacres in Gallicia there have C 9 t been wanting terror-stricken and renegade Po ! e 3 to preach up the necessity of the Poles submitting themselves quietly to Nicholas and amalguraiting their country with Russia to save both from th ? tyranny of the Germans generally , and the perfidious cruelty of Austria in particular ! This appears to us very like jumping out of the frying-pan into the Sre . This very week has brought us new evidence ot the unmitigated tyranny and cruelty of the Russian Ilutdcratin ha atrocious uka = e for forcing the universal conversion of his subjects to the Russian church . The atrocious regulation of this ukase we
give below . The Pole who would preach union with , or rather base submission to , such a monster as Nicholas , 13 a traitor , and deserves a traitor ' s doom . With all it 3 imperfection we nevertheless welcome this work , as some addition to those stores of information , yet by far too scanty , from which the people ot this country may learn something of the unhappy condition of theme nations subjected to the " three devil kinp" of Eastern Europe . To the editor ( author Of tha " Revelations of Russia " , ) we tender oi r thanks for his unceasing and noble exertions to bring despotism int 6 disrepute , and earnestly hope he may meet with all the encouragment he deserves in tbe prosecution of his laudable enterprise .
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* " Revelations of Austria , " by M . Koubrakiewtcz , ex-Autriaa functionary . London : T . C . Xewby , 72 , Mortirasr Street , Cavendish Square .
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w ' aich his property is situated . If he returns within tie bosom of the Establ ished Cimrch , these penalties are to cease ; but if he does not return within tke time fixed by the ecclesiastical authorities , he is to becitcdbeforea criminal tribunal , which cannot loflict a penalty less than that of perpetual detention in a convent , with unceasing acts of penitence and contrition . The fourth article provides that whoeversball deliver discourses , or publish writings calculated to cause persons who belons to the Grcco-Kusaian Church to abandon their faith , shall lose tue prerogatives of his rank , and be condemned to Jrom one to two years' imprisonment , if the same « S £ L i ° ?^ l , twice > tLe < teliEquentis to be condemned to the loss of civil rights , and to hard labours a fortress , for from four to six years : the S ? to aU t ^ ° -H exiled - inSiberia ' ' 2 dddi-£ . ? H *?• he ™ *?• recehe the knou < - > f ' «* belongs to the chases subject to corporal omiislnnent . Atucie
MORE REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . More Persecctiox bt the Tthaxt Nicholas . — iae tmperor of Russia haa recently issued a t ' ecree tie object of which is to prevent proselytism in favour of any other religion than the Greco-Russian . The tint article declares that any person abjuring tbe Greeo-Russian religion shall be placed at the disposal ef the ecclesiastical authorities , shall be disinherited by such of his relations as profess that religion , shall have all his fortune placed under control , and shall not be allowed to reside in the district in
o declares that fathers and mothers belong ing to the ( Greco-Russian Church , who shaUicaute tteir children to be baptised in another form of faith , and shaJhave their children taken from tbem , and educated by other members of their family of the ^ rec o-Rassian religion ; and in case there be no retteTov !!™ *^?' then «> y Persons nominated by SaSSrf ^ y ^ , P «« nting a member w another religion from embracing the Greco-Ru =-a-u , is to be imprisoned for several months Ssi . lEiE asBUBOH , Feb . 1 . —The Russian censors ~ ip has just committed an act of singular inaiVvert , « ie ? . « has allowed the insertion in the Abeilhdu £ ; a / of some atinzas entitled "Le Manage Force . ' JUe ceasoronly viewed them in the light of beautiful litv th ! ta . mostinoffensive character ; but , in rea-JK y , lUeafl Stanzas contained thftmnat . ti-. nenoK . nt nl .
S ^ l * *™* ° f Russia and Poland . The com-£ ^ Pr £° lan , were ^ tented 5 « these lines with iw S ^ 1 an warmth of expression . The alin-KSlKWr canghfc . the publicand a » st . S ? 7 / d been enabled to read , in ' a journal tSlSdZ | - r 8 On ? ** ordeal of ttecensoS Er ^ in ; fi £ m fa ? our of Poland ' » the Efe ^ tj « 8 th perceiving itemistake , stopped num «» ef the paper not yet distributed .
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INDIA AND CHINA . Thr Ovbrusd Mm has arrived bringing news fr om Bombay to January 15 th . The treaty with inH tl ^ r ^ V *" ? between DhnSp Sineh and the Governor-General on Christmas-day . Sir riSST ^ *?? ? ¥ the rank of Lieutenant-Gener a ! , and attached to thostaft of India . The 5 , 1 !»? aTI Mah 0 med KhaD . tte instigator of 2 ? w % w Urtance inthe Prince of Bhopal , tof ? r « .- sons engaged with him in the insarrectioiiary movement , have been ordered to be iraprjsnacd m the strong hill fortress of Asseerghur . lne atfairsofthe Nizam ' s dominions are again relapsinjj Into their former deplorable condition . Fresh flwtu rbances have broken outamongst the Khondsof woomsoor .
NEW SOUTn WALES . Opkkisg of Tire Legislative Council . —On the 8 th of September . Governor Fitzrqy opened the session of the Legislative Council in person . In his speech he expressed satisfaction at being able to congratulate them on his first meeting on the returning prosperity of the colony . It was his ' anxious wish to administer the government on ''impartial , just , and ronstitutional principles . " To this end he must acquire personal knowledge , and it would be unbecoming to pronounce an opinion at so early a period of their intercourse . It was , therefore , his intention to propose only such measures as were immediately necessary to carry on the covernment . The estimates were the most important part of the business . As soon after theclese of the session as possible he intended to visit several districts , including some parts beyond the boundaries of location .
NEW ZEALAND . This Legislators . —The session of the Legislative Council was opened at Auckland , on the 5 th of October , by Governor Gray . The rules of Council were read and adopted . Despatches from the Secretary of State for the Colonies were presented and read , nnd several new bills introduced . Execution of oxk of the Natives . —The courtmnrtial appointed to try the prisoners taken in arm ? , commenced it sittings at Paramatta Point , Porirua , on thn 14 th of September . The first prisoner tried was Rangihaeata . one of the scouts captured at Pahatanui . by the allied natives , on the 1 st of August . He either is or affected to be insane : he was allowed the benefit of the doubt , and sentenced to
imprisonment for life . On the loth came on the trial of a brother of Rangihaeata , whose native name is Wareaitu , and his baptismal Martin Luther . He pleaded guilty to the charge of having been taken iu arms against the Queen , and wa 9 sentenced to be hanged . He said he was not afraid t > die , but recrctted that he had not been shot or tomahawked instead of being reserved to be hanged . He was executed on the morning of the 17 th . on a gallows erected at the foot of a low sandhill , about three hundred yards from the stockade which enclose the camp . Only about twenty European nnd fifteen natives were present . The prisoner walked with a firm step from the spot where his handcuff * were taken off to the Gibbet , and stood perfectly firm irhile the rope was adjusting .
FRANCE . The anxietvrespecling the question of subsistence onntinnes tobe painfully felt in the highest quarters . The "Reforme" states , tliat wheat has again risen in all the markets in theiwghbourhood of Paris from 50 c . to If . 50 s . the hectolitre . A general rise ha 3 also taken place in the provincial markets . The "Journal desDebats" states , that disturbances arose at Cliyes . in the department of Eure-et-Loire . on the 17 th instant , in consequence of orders having been issued by theauthorties to arrest all mendicants strangers to the department . Seventeen persons , men , women , and children , were captured by the police ; but when they were about to be conveyed to prison an immense multitude assembled , armed with sticks and hatchets , to rescue the prisoners . The snb-prefect then ordered an escort of eighty soldiers to charge the crowd , but three municipal councillors besged of him to desist . The prisoners were then released .
Prosecution" axb Acquittal of the " National . —Thetrial of the "National" for the publication of an article on December IS , relative to the Montpensier marriase , came before the Court of Assizes of tlie Seine on Saturday , in presence of a great crowd of spectators . The charges against M . Delaroche , the responsible editor , were , first , offence against the King ' s person ; secondly , having blamed the King for the acts of his government , thus making him responsible for the same . The principal words complained of were the following : — "The occasion presented itself to realize a considerable profit ; the prudence of the father of a family imposed silence on tho fears of the statesman , and the dowry was fingered with the secret thought that at an after period mrans would be found to appease the resentment et
the English cabinet . The jury , after a short deliberation , gave a verdict of acquittal on both counts . AXXIVBR « ART OF THE CRACOW INSURRECTION * . —A procession of students to the church of St . ltoche , Paris , took place on Monday , when a soleninmass was performed for the repose of the souls of the Polish patriots who fell in the insurrection commenced in Cracow on the 22 nd of February last year . The mas 3 was chaunted by a Polish clergyman who had escaped the massacre in Gallicia , and was attended by considerable T » urat 2 rs of Polish emigrants of both eexe 3 and of all ages . After the service had concluded , " the students" proceeded in a body to the office of " Le National , " 5 n the Rue Lepelletiere , to compliment the editor of that paper on his recent acquittal . They then quietly dispersed .
SPAIN . " War to the Knife !"—The Duke of Saragossa ( General Palafox , the heroic defender of Saragossa against the French ) died suddenly at Madrid , on the loth instant , at a very advanced age .
PORTUGAL . The Civil War . —News from Lisbon and Oporto has been received . The insurgent leaders have reassumed a course of active operations , attended with partial success . The capture of the depot at Aveiro , a place within four leagues of Saldanha ' s headquarters , is confirmed . They appear also to have taken Alcacer do Sal in the province of Alemtejo , together with the garrison , consisting of a detachment of 180 men of the queen's forces , under Major Ilhirco . There was a general rumour that some important places had declared for the Junta at Oporto . The position of the hostile forco 3 was such as rendered it likely an imnortant action would soon tike place between the Conde das Antas and
Baron Casal . By the Iate 3 t accounts Casal had withdrawn his troop 3 from Valencia and Vianna , and had taken up a defensive position on tho Lima . Saldanha ' s head-quarters were still at Agueda , and one of his celurans . 1 , 000 stron ? , was in pursuit of Porvao ' , who was in the Estrella mountains . —The whole Miguelite force , under Bernardino , S 00 strong , had joined Vasconcellos , and several hundred Miguelites , the remains of Macdonnell ' a band , had found their way to Antas ' s camp , where they mat a cordial reception . Seveal deserters from Saldanha ' s array , it is said , had presented themselves at Oporto . It appears that General Macdonnell was killed near the top of
a mountain covered with snow , on a rugged and almost impracticable road , called "the ox ' s tail . " He wore under a surtout a portion of the uniform of a lieutenant-general . Four of his staff , being better mounted than he , escaped ; the fifth , named Lacerda , Colonel of the volunteers of Baiao , and Macdonneli were cut down and slain , after discharging their pistols and defending their lives bravely , Mandonnell was of a Highland family , and fir 3 t took service under Dom Miguel about the year 1832 . lie was a wellinformed man , and had the character of an able general . His attachment to the cause of Dom Miguel appears to have been the result of hia ardent profession of the Roman Catholic religion .
SWITZERLAND . The Constituent Assembly of Basle has opened the discussion of the new project of a constitution . This project , conceived in a most liberal spirit , comprises , amongst other important reforms , the abolition of all electorial census ; anew method of election , founded en democratic principles ; the institution of a president of the grand council , as well as two burgomasters ; the faculty for the grand council to dissolve itself in great emergencies , was to allow the will of the people to manifest itself . The grand council of Geneva is still occupied with the discussion on constitutional reforms . The Au 3 trians have established themselves ou the frontier of the canton of Ticino so as to be enabled the better to watch the movements in Switzerland . GERMANY . Accounts from Hamburg complain of tho dearth of provisions and want of employment . The accounts from Silesia continue very deplorable ; there 13 still such a stagnation in business in that province , that thousands of workmen in the manufactories are without liread , and therefore fears are again entertained for the public tranquillity . A letter from Plauen ( Saxony ) , of the 14 th inst ., says : —Among the letters returned to the bureau of the poit-office , owing to their reception having been refused , and which are opened by the post-office directors , was one addressed , by a mason of our town , named uaustein , to the monastery of the Capuchins , at Iranue . m Bohemia , in which he offers to proceed toLreslauand to assassinate M . Rongc , the founder ottho German Catholic sect , provided the convent would pay tue expenses of his jeurney , amounting to the small sum of about £ 2 . HauUein has been arrested . We learn from Konig . ^ berg , in Pras ^ ia , that Dr . Jacoby , the young physician ot that town who wa some time ago condemned to hard labour in a fortresfor two years as the publisher of a pamphlet entitled "Five Questions , " and which the tribunal found t < contain a personal libel upon the King , has appcalei to the supreme court against this judgment , nm obtained its reversal , with a decree that all the C 03 * I of the proceeiliu ; s shall be borne by the state ,
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H 8 "M XKUUUN UONSTIIUTHM . — lUt ) lOllOWing is to be the division of the voles in the States-General of Prussia under the new constitution : —The states of the Princes , Counts , and Lords , will have 80 votes , 10 ot which belong to members of the Royal Family ; the States of the Knights ( Ritterschaft ) 251 votes ; the Cites 132 ; and the Towns 124 ; making a total of 617 . Tho votes by provinces are thus divided , viz ., Prussia 130 , Brandenburg 77 , ' omerania 43 , Silesia 106 , Posen 50 , Saxony 73 , Westphalia 72 , Rhenish Province SO . POLAND . The Berlin OMal Gazette announces that the
kingdom of Poland would probably be incorporated with Russia after the session of England and France . The Rhine and Moselle Gazette relates in a correspondence on this province : —It appears to be confirmed that the principal information and denunciation of the late insurrection of the Pole 3 in Cracow , Gallicia , &c , came from Paris ; that the French government , and particularly M . Guizot , followed , as in the time of Napoleon , tho system of espionage in the saloons , of which there are several that receive support from the French ministry , in order that the master or mistress of the house may be able to receive a great number of strangers .
e m C d ' B * 12 ~ General Rudiger , commander > t the Russian troops on-our frontiers , is at present here . i , arge reinforcements of troops have been diapaiched irom Gallicia to tbe Prussian frontiers , and it is CDrrently reported that the half of the very strong garrison of our town will shortly take its de-» arture , with several cannon . Apprehensions seem to be everywhere entertained of some outbreaks on the side of Austria . \ Ve have the best authority for stating that Castiglione has given orders that all the military m gai-rison here shall be in readiness to march at a minute's notice ; only one-half arc permitted to go to sleep every night , and both the officers and men have been enjoined to observe the strictest punctuality , vigilance , and order .
THE WAR IN THE CAUCASUS . After two years of the most perfect tranquillity , winch permitted the Russians to direct their entire efforts against Schamyl , the famous chief of the lschetsolienses and Lesgians , war haB again commenced on the banks of the Black Sea and of the vouban with the greatest ferocity . Oa the 7 th of December the governor of the Fort Golovrin , situate thirty leagues to the north of Suckuin-Kaleb , was warned by his spies that the warlike tribe of the Ubbikhswa % v lanningaBigut attack against the iort , and that at the same time the Tschigetcs , commanded by lladj-Teriko-Okow , one of the bravest chiefs amongst the Circassians , were collecting in the mountains , in order to surprise the fortress of Gagra .
Word of ibis was sent to Gagra . This circumstance saved the Russians , for during the same night 4 , 000 mounUiueera attacked the retrenchments of Gagra with the greatest iury . The fortress , which is surrounded on all sides by lofty recks , would have been certainly captured by the Circassians , if the garrison , accustomed to peace during two yann , should have been taking unawares . But , notwithstanding the brave resistance of the garrison , 800 men strong , pratected by artillery , tho loss of the Russians was considerable . The mountaineers , not being able to scale the wall 3 , well defended by the Russian infantry , possessed themselves of a great rock to the north of Gagra , upan which the Russians had established a post . Thence they directed a murdeious fare against the interior of the fort , and their balls reached even the sleeping apartments of the officers .
luis position was held during two days , notwithstanding several sorties made by the garrison , which were repulsed . The want of ammunition at lun » th compelled the Tschigetes ( the lo t Circassian tribe to the south of the great chain ) to retire to their mountains . The attack upon Fort Golowin took place two days afterwards . More than 5 , 000 mountaineers of the UubikU territory had surrounded the fortress . Although all their attacks were repulsed , the Russians themselves admit that the enemy showed more courage , boldness , aud fury than on any previous occasion , and that but for the information given by their spies , the fort would have ruu a great risk of being captured . With respect to the movement on the Koubau we have no accurate information . We are assured , however , that 4 , 000 bchapsoukhe 3 , commanded by Chora Beg , had passed the riveF near Ladoschskaja .
UJflTEO STATES AND JIEXICG . By the arrival of the packet-ship Oxford , we learn from tlie seat of war that the American forces had takt n the city of Victoria irom the Mexicans without a battle or even a shot being fired . The occupation was effected oa tlie 4 tuof Janmry , b / General Qiituun asd Colonel Kinney . There seems to be some question in tho papers as to the locality of this place , it being in oue cast stated to be the same as New Suutonder , a town in the department of Tamaulipus , some two hundred miles from the city of San Luis l ' otosi , whilst ( mother slates it to bt sixty miles north of Santander , near the place where Llena i 3 marked on the nia ; i ; nevertheless , though tlit site is doubtful , the news has given a fresh impetus to tut war fever of our transatlantic frien Is . A frightful steam-boat explosion took place at New Orleans , on the ilst of December , when twenty person .-were killed aud many others wounded .
The Anti Uestebs . —We annouueed last week thai the Governor of Kew York had pardoned tlie Anti-Renters ; the following is a list of the pardoned : —Daniel \ V . S . juires , Daniel Sorthrop , Zera Preston , Calvan Madison , Johu PliQjnix , Isaac L . Burhan ? , John liurch , \ V . Reside , Johu Lathan , W . Brisbaue , NY . Jocelin , C . T . McCoaiber , John B . Coons , and Thoma 3 ilargan , who were convicted in Delaware or Columbia , are parduueu and restored to their rights of citizenship . Smith A . ISoulon , E . O'Connor , John Yansteinbur b'h , aud -Moses Earle , pardoned , but not restored to their rights as citizens .
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THE CRACOW INSURRECTION
PUBLIC MEETING . A public meeting in commemoration of the Cracow Insurrection of February 22 nd , 18 iG , and lo the purpose of petitioning Parliament to aid in restoring the nationality and independence of Polaud took place on Monday evening last , February 22 nd ' in the Literary Institute , John-3 treet . Tottenham Court-road . The Polish national Hag graced the platform , and excited the interest of all present . At eight o ' clock , on the motion of Messrs . Doylu and Jiarney , Ernest Jones , Esq ., was called to the chair .
Ihe Chairman introduced the business of the evening by reading the Cracow Aiauifcato , aud said They say , " Charity begins at honiu . " So it ought . but the adage docs not say it is to stuy at home Englishmen arc renowned for generosity ;—yes ! thev are generous—to kings and princes , whom their sub jects have found too bad to keep in their own country . iCheers . ) You can pension au Ernest of Hanover , and a Leopold of Belgium ; you can subsidize a locust-Sffarm of Aleiniugen and Leiningen ; you can supply rich banquets at Windsor lor a murderous barbarian , Nicholas , the jjuest of her Majestv—( cheers)—you can even allow £ 10 l ) , 000 a-year to a foreign old lady , who was kind enough to marry » king of Enghnd : can you not do something uioie
than pension royal paupun . ? Can you not assist a brave people in the recovery of their richts ?—nol with money ; no!—the liberty of democratic Poland cannot le bought by gold-it must bo achieved by iteel . Neither arc you called upon to fight ; no—but we do call upou you ta assert your constitutional right at home , ot compelling government , by the power ol public opinion , not only to maintain tlie dignity of its own treaties , and enforce at least , some respect lor Englaml ' s honour—but as tliev punish a starving child for Btealiug a crust of bread thus ta assist in puuishiu t ; a crowned robber , who stca nation
' s a ' s land ! ( Loud checra . ) Your selfinterest demands this . The chief spoilers ot Po . land have been here . What do you think they come here for ? To admire our institutions , or to intercede with the Queen for our starving population ? iNo ; to take a lesson in humbug , and to give oue in tyranny . ( Cheers . ) You must quell despotism wherever you find it—that is your true interest Little good il you strangle it in me place , to let it rise ia another . To revert to Poland—and her cause is the cause of the world—iwouid say a word to those poor slaves who advocate peace under any circumstances . ( Hear . ) Peaee is the greatest bleaaiuir on
earth . 1 am ior peace as much as any man ; would to God there was not another battle tu be fought on the earth , nor a huiuaa vein to be opened by the sword of murder ! Uut God iorbid that another battle should not be fought—or ten hundred battles be fought if libel ty cannot , be gained in acy other way . 1 eace is a costly prize , but a slave is too poor to bin it , except in the coin of battles . ( Cheers ) Think not tor a moment that i siand here , bidding the Poles abandon the sword , because I , as a Chartist , breathe the doctrine ol peace ia England ; there are circumstances in which it becomes the duty of % people to fyUt and were you , Englishmen , placed in the same p sit on as the Poles , 1 would call on you to fi * ht in tie very streets of this metropolis 1 ( Applause . ) 1 Ola id i know will do her duty—aud the object ot tl e present meeting , if 1 uudcrataud it rkhtlv is . not
o ; Jy to encourage l ' olanil in her struggle , but to iuf . uen : e the legislative assistance ol England ; for , \ bat Fiederiek the Great once said of France , ' Wnere he its king , not a cannon should be fired in Europe without his permission : " holds good for us aud Russia , tor Were England to say , " Not a Itussiau battalion suall tiead the soil of Poland ; " were English sails to swell before the batteries of Cronstaiit , the Vistula would not long reilect the column of ^^" ' . ^^•• s . ) But , my friends , 1 aspire too proudly Bntiah
, a Member of Parliament was soli-™ h « n ii h , lLc clia - tbis evening . when he asked wno called the meeting ; and on learning that the committee consisted almost exclusively of working " ' f ™ . f e "ere not of sulficient influence More bhame then to those who deprived tho working men ot England ot the mlluence tUoy should possess ! rSErt ' tl . ? ¦ " ffiiataken- Tto people are the ejes , aud dream ot « ginai porter . Surliy if a few
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rotten potatoes can shake it to its foundation , mil-» ° n <» hearty men can overthrow it for ever . ( Loud cueers . ) y . , friends ! it is no longer a struggle ot crown apuist crown , or mitro against mitre , it 13 tne struggle of democracy against despotism , all the worm over . Let privilege not think to stay its course , tor lxod s own agitators are hurling it onward Now every potato has tongues as well as eyes , that preach against monopol y , which made them the chief food tor man , instead of beast . They say , that famine in its commencement breeds riots , —i 8 its continuance creates revolutions ! May God avert them-may man gam his rights without them-but if they do come , by Ueaven . they shall find us equal to the times . ( Loud Cheers . ) Ihen , working men ofEnelaml ! T knuw
you will sympathise , aud move than sympathise with the men . of Poland ; for I am proud to think this too is a wurking man ' s meeting ; aye ! none but they jsre stirring here in the cause of democracy . Surely it is not the aristocracy or middle class . In illustration of this , I cannot refrain from reading you an extract out ot the Morning Advertiser of to-day , it alludes to the establishment of soup kitchens for tho poor in Ireland and here in London : — " With regard to the metropolis , sites for kitchens are being fnK ^ ut h rett sll ' difficulfcy "asarisen-the inhabitants of the localities being naturally averse to SS tZ f 11 ? ^ ^ « f th ° Poor , the destitute , and the needy , brought together to receive soup . Sites in Westminster , it is understood , where little or 110 annoyance wi 1 be occasioned to tho respectable inha
- bitants , have bi-en selected . " ( Shame . ) This needs no comment . No wonder tho green pennon of the Charter should bestimd by those democratic breezes from the Vistula ! ( Cheers . ) They may emanate from storm clouds—be it so . Better a storm than a mildew , and though tho storms may come , remember , the sun is ever shining beyond them—the eternal sun ot liberty—and though many of us may not live to see the blue sky of victory arching overhead , when the breath ot the people shall have blown away the darkness , may that sun lightsome such epitaph on their graves— " Here lies a man , who did his duty well . " ( Continuous cheering . ) Mr . CiiBisioi'iiEii Doyle , who was loudlv cheered , then came forward to move the first resolution au follows : —
That this meeting holding in just abhorrence the dismembtrment of 1 ' olund , and tho innumerable acts ol oppression mul cruelty of which tho Polish people have been the victims , regards the Insurrection of Cracow , of the 22 ad of tfebnury , 1846 , as a sacred manifestation ot heroic patriotism worthy of the sympathy and admira . lion of the people of this and every other country ; and this meeting hails the Cracow Manifesto as au wubouiaient of the principles of Democraej , and , thtrefore , the true basis for thuse future struggles which must eventuato in the victory aud peri ' eet freedom of the entire c > H sh people .
Mr . Dovle said , —Friends , like our excellent and worthy jchairman , I am in favour of peaceable aim moral means to achieve the liberties of the people , and I believe 1 have never been remarkable for advocatinga resort to physical violence on the part of the oppressed , for the attainment of those libertks . But when I find our brethren of I ' oland are not permitted to meet together . in small or large numbers in any part of their native land , to make known ihe grievances , or endeavi-urto peaceably obtain their rwlress , when 1 iiud that they are debarred , utterly debarred , from , using peaceable , aud moral and ' legitimate means to free their country from the accuised and black-hearted tyranny of the Cerbcrusdespois—then , indeed , the case assumes altogether a difttient aspect , aud
much as 1 am opposed to the uso of weapons of destruction , and the taking away of human life , and much as I may and do deplore the necessity of doing so , still 1 see no other course left open to our Polish brethren but a resort to the same means to free themselves , that have been pat iuto practice by their CXtCrable tyrants to make them degraded seri ' s . ( Loud cheer * . ) The speaker then alluded to the Peace Society , and said he was aware that the friends ana members of the Peace Society would answer him by stating that it is wrong totakea . xay life even in self-defence , and even if millionsuf human beings were sufforiug the very worst of tyranny , taat if their governors were cutting them off by hundreds every day , through almost unparalleled cruellies ( us
has been the case iu Poland ) , yet the people are not justilied in rising , and , burning with an indignant ? ense of their intolerable wrongs , rush in one mighty phalanx and dash to atoms their enemies , and the cause of all their dreadful miseries at one and the same time . " The people , " say thesj philanthropists , " should not do this , because it is rtturningevilforevil , or murder for murder , but they should instead reason , remonstrate , and tell their oppressors they were doing wrong—very wrong , and they ought not to persecute , prosecute and murder them . " ( Satiiical cheers . ) My rejoinder to this logio is , tuat the people of Poland are not al owed to exercise
this just right—they are not allowed to reason , remoustrate , or tell their iron-hearted oppressors that Uwy inflict wrong upon them , tcr they are not permitted to meet for such purpose or purpos-. s , and therefore they have no possibly , or at all events no probable chance , of getting tho peaceful and moral influence of a well-directed and uor . eentraced public opinion to act u [ mil their alien usurpers ( cheer *); and supposing they had , it is , to » ay the least , questionable whether it would induce sueli as me ttussian Autocrat to cut asunder the bonds which hold our Polish brethren in the vilest slaverv . From what we kuow of the character of Nicholas and his
uonujtitors in mtaiuy , it u very clear that reasoning , rcnioustratiug , or indeed ihe most powerful ot arguments , would not make any favourable impression upon their miiids . ( Loud cheers . ) Such , tlien , is the unhappy position and condition of tlie Polisi ) people ; and if they are to follow out the doctrints ui the men of peace , they must be content to remain slaves all the days of their llvvs , and their children niter them . But , friends , this doctrine is repugnant to nature , and to justice ( cheers ) , so loi > g us such a system as that which ex * ts in Poland continues , and the patriots of that country nave proved it by making use of the only resource left them to free their father laud from tho withering and life-destroying power of their haughty and inexorable tyrants !
( Cheers ) It is true the / have failed in accomplishing so glorious an object , but they should receive our sympathy and eomruis . eration on that account , rather than our censure . ( Great applause . ) Uur chairman , when speaking of the visit of tuu rulh ' au Emperor Nicholas to this country , stated tho people cheered him , and regretted they were so foolish , lla ( Mr . Doyle ) begged tu differ with their eloquent friend , and to say the people of England did not raise their voices in acclamation of this man—man ! God foruid he should so far forget himself as to call that detestable monster with a black and venomous heart , and who : > o hands were red with the innocent blood of his victims , by so fair a name . ( Tremendous cheers . ) No ; it was not the honest working men oi
Albion that cheered this fiend in human furiu . Who , then , did chevr him ? Pickpockets , Mviudltiv ; under the cognomen of gamblers , ami other public robbers on a large scale , who felt to a certain extent that he was a counterpart ot themselves . ( Repeated applause . ) Mr . Doyle next took a view ot the l / olisli cause and showed that tho democrats of this country could iiot advocate it , without , at tha same time , advocating their own ; for ( said lie ) what are the Polish patriots seeking but the establishment of the same principles that the English democrats have been 111 search of for a series of years ? The manifesto read to them by the chairman , and which muni , festo they were called upon to approve by the latter part of the resolution that hu was
endeavouring to speak to , fully bore him out iu the assertion . What did it breathe ? The pure spirit of genuine liberty—that the land which an all-wise Providouco created for all , should bo enjoyed by all ; that there ought to be no class distinctions , as they betokened , on the one hand , superiority , and on tho otliT , inferiority ; and that they were , therefore , the bane and curse of the toiling millions ; that there ought to be no distinction , — no superiority , but where there was superior wisdom , virtue and patriotism , and that those great and necessary qualities were seldom found amongst kin-s
princes , nobles , &c . In a word , that comprehensive tuough brief document contained all that the most , fastidious , critically strict , and thoroughgoing Chartut could desire , and consequently iu doTentling tha principles embudied in that document , —in deieudiii " the 1 olish Involution of February , 1810 , under the circumstances he in the outset had alluded to le considered he was rendering his humble aid to ' tlie causa ot true freedom , not only in this empire , bui ail over tho world . ( Loud cheer * . ) Air . dJU con ' eluded by making a fervent and powerful appeal to his aiuhencoon belia f of Poland , audwtdowEuS the unanimous plaudits of taenitetiu "
Mr . IIenuy lloss briefly seconded the resolution . Mr . Caul ScuArrEn , who was received with « reat applause , supported the resolution in an eloquent enthuBias ic and energetic speech , of which we r «« : c not . bavins ; received a report , but which was halloa throughout by the opplau * of the audience Ihe resolution was then put Irom the chair ond unnnisiously adopted . Julias Hau . nky , who was received with loud cheers , moved the next resolution : — That this meeting , considering that justice and honour combme to demand British interference iu behalf of IV land , resolves to adopt the following petition to l'arliament : — To the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland , in Parliament assembled , —
The petition of a public meeting holdeu at the Scientific aud Literary Institute , John-street , Tottenham-court road , this 22 nd day of February , 1847 ; Sheweth : That despotic governments , foreign and hostile to tho people of l ' oland , have by brute ibrco and cruelty reduced that people of that country t 0 a state of slavery and misery unexampled in tho history of civilized
nations . That this melanchol y fact has been repeatedly brought under the consideration of tho Dritish l'arliumeut , but without producing that energetic action on the part of tho British government iu behalf of the Polish nation , which , in tbe opinion of your petitioners , justice demands . .
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^ —aa—i———w———i ——^ That the recent forcible annexation of Cracow tothe Austrian empire was , in the opinion of your petitioners , so gross a violation of the treaty of Vifinna as to render Euro '" ' * l 0 Dger bindil ) S u P ° n tbe several 9 tales of linl" ? I 0 ™ " P 8 tUione" must express their dissatisfac latton to a C 0 Ur 6 e tBkon ^ Ma J > ' ' adfi 8 l ! r 5 in re " Power Wh COnfis ? of Cracow - ™>™ Male * 's sriu trust ia in brute forLieh * ve to acts not Tor * I , L > ° P | nIonofyour petitioners that natioa ' 8 h ° Uld decUre * ° will of this great
po ^ r ^ zs ^ zs ; z rrTv * s = atta ^^ sy-s » itiS 2 Sri-= : S : 5 ppt ^ : ^^ : i ^ SB deemed most advisable towards ensuring Ihe restoration ot Poland to the full extent of her ancient boundaries and securing to the people of that country the full power to establish institutions independtnt of foreign control calculated to secure the rights and hapt-iiiess of the 8 utii « Polish people . And your petitioners , itc . &c .
Mr . IIarxet said , in assembling to commemorate the Cracow Insurrection , we are notalone in offerin " this homage to Demcoraoy . To-night in Paris in Brussels , and innumerable other places , the friends of Poland and advocates of the rights of man , are holding assemblies similar to this , to manifest their sympathy for : i noble but unfortunate people , and their determination to aid that people by all the means which now or hereafter may be at their disposal . ( theer 3 . ) We honour the Cracow insurrection because it was intended to accomplish the freedom ' and secure the happiness of tho entire Polish nation The grave errors—to use the mildest form of expressioncommitted by the chiefs of the insurrection of 1830 are not chargeable to the account of the patriots who raised the Polish standard at Cracow . The insurrection of 1 S 30 lailud , because the revolutionary
cause was not committed to the Polish masses because the aristocratic chiefs had not the honesty ' and courage to arm tho masses and commit themselves to a " war-to-tho kiiife" combat . Instead of working out the independence of Poland for the people by the people they temporised , faltered , looked toward the aristocratic government of England and the hypocritical government of Franco for aid , which of course was not aiLrded . The failure of the insurrection of 1830 was another warning lesson againa * the fatal error of making half revolutions . ( Hear ' hear . ) The Cracow insumction was a democrati " outburst as was sufficiently testified by the celebrated Manifesto , which has been lvad this evening . That Manifesto is an embodiment of the great principle of
equal rights and equal laws desired by the true reformers of this cQuntry . ( Uear , hear . ) Withoutenforoing a state of absolute equality , the Cracow Mamlesto proclaims equal political rights and social justice . It proclaims the restoration of the land to the poople , and to every man rewards according to his labour and hjscapacity . ( Cheers . ) Undersuch a system the highest state of social development would naturally be the consequence of tho institutions of the state . The ever advancing enlightenment of the people and the cultivation of the " principle of brotherhood would before long make of the entire Polish people one great Fraternal Democracy , in which labour and reward would be equally apportioned , and happiness be the reward of each and all .
( Loud cheers . ) Of course , such a state of things established in Poland would cause the people of every other land to revoltagiinst their tyrants . The mere liopoof sucli ^ a state of things in " France shi-ok the tlnonesof European depots ; judge then what tlie realizations of those hopes would accomplish . ( Loud applause . ) Of course , such a revolution must be suppressed by any means . Louis Philippe played the part of Royal spye and informer-in-cliicf , andapprised the despots of tho moment wheu the tocsin would sound . It is to be feared that the government of this country was not altogether guiltless of taking a liko infamous part ; at all events the Grahamising of the letters of the Polish aud Italian exiles warrant that su .-pieion
. ( Hear , hear . ) The Janus-faced Prussian despot one day giving his subjects a fud ^ e co nstitution , and the next day acting the part of jackal tothe Autocrat , surprised the patriots , and succeeded in dangerin * the brave men whoso swords Le feared . N ; eholas had recourse to his favourite system of terror ami the knout , and tlie gallows did the work of crueity and tleath—tho only means which Nicholas condescends to employ to secure the affection of his subjects . ( Hear , hear . ) The climax of infamy was , however , reserved for the Austrian despotism . To crush the revoltin Gallicia , Emperor Metteniichemployed means which must consign hii name to everlasting execration , and ensure him a share in that infamous immortality which attaches to the projectors
of the St , Bartholomew massacre . ( Hear , hear . ) Men , women and children were beaten to death with flails , some had their no .-e and ears torn off , and theneyes torn out , some were flayed alive , some were cut into small pieces , aud their U ^ h thrown to the pigs for food . ( Sensation . ) Amongst the women killed were several whowero with child : ene woman had her unborn twins torn from her lifeless body , the wretches claiming in consequence the Austrian reward for the three bodies instead of one . ( Expressions of horror . ) At least fifteen hundred persons died these horrible ueaths . In tho district of Tarnow eight hundred widows survived their assassinated husbands , but there were several hundred children who had been deprived of both parents , and were too
young to tell their own names . By suck means the patriots were paralysed in Gallicia , and the Cracow insurgents were compelled to succumb . It is disgraceful to this age that a government which can employ auch means to preserve its power is permitted to exist at all . Our priests preach a ^ aiust murder . Why have they not denounced these wholesale niurderi ? ( Cheera . ) They tell us that "Thou siialt do no murder" h the exprusi command of the Deity , yet , dumb dogs as they are , they have not opened their mouths to denounce this horrible massacre . ( Cheers . ) They will rave against tho French Revolution , and describe the hvrrorsot the September massacres , although the Parisian populace may have this said in their excuse that centuries of oppression and
crueity had brutalised them , and beside ? , they were excited to their terrible revenge by the horrible threats of Brunswick , and the leagued brigands of Europe . Tho victims too of the September massacres were tho enemies and tyrants of the pc . ple , whereas tho victims of Metternich were the friends and benefactors of the people . Tho nob . ts first butchered , and for whose heads rewards were offered and paid , were men who had distinguished themselves by their philanthropy and patriotism , and who desired to turn their serfs into freeholders . They wero not murdered by their own peasants , but by bands of ruffians , who came from a distance , eousiisiing of Austrian soldiers , peasants who had served in tho Austrian army , convicts released from gaol , and such of the dregs of a
poation , existing more or less in every country—who are willing , for the sake of intoxicating drink and moncy ,. to commit any ^ atrocity . Such were Aletternidi ' s wretched instruments , who , by their acts , have covered their employer with eternal infamy . Had our government represented the people of this country , it would immediately have declared non-intercourse with the Austrian despotism , and washed its hands of the coiitaminaticn which must result from connection with such » blood-reeking tyranny . ( Great cheering . ) Tho confiscation of Cracow afforded another opportunity for renouncing friendship not only with Austria , but with the triple gang of tyrants . ( Cheers . ) Tho people of Cracow arc wronged , and tho wrong dono to them is an insult to this nation . Cracow existed as au independent state , iu virtue of the treaty of Vienna . To that treaty tho governments of England , France , Spain , Portugal and Sweden were p ' arties , as much so as
the governments of Russia , Austria and Prussia . According to that treaty , the republic of Cracow was to remain free and independent for ever , nnd under no pretence was its territory tu bu occupied by foreign troops . Instead of this , the republic , after having been repeatedly occupied by Austrian troops , has at last been annexed to the Austrian statts , iu direct violation of the treaty of Vienna , and in contempt and defiance of the other governments . Of coursa Lord Palmerston protested , and a more transparent pieci of humbug than that protest was never penned . ( Loud cheers . ) The despots avow their contempt f » r all laws and obligations , however solemn ; they avow that their only trust is in brute force , they brandish tho sword , and cry— "Behold our right for doing what we please ; " they fling down the gauntlet , and cry— " Lei , them take it up who dare ! " Aud Lord Palmerston , whut does he d « ? He " protests ! " Men of England , countrymen of Blake and Cromwell , has it come to this , that
In a boudsmmi ' s key , W ith bated breath nnd nhispvriaghumbleness , we must content ourselves with the crawling remonstrance , the pitiful , sneaking , hypocritical protest 0 ' i \ worn-out dandy aristocrat ? ( Great cheering . ) When will the British people say to such contemptible rulers , Get you yone ? n > : ike way for better men ? ( Rcnowcd applause . ) Am "I asked , Do 1 wish this nation to go to war on behalf of Poland ? ido . ( Cheers . ) Gnat are the hoirora of war but greater are the horrors of despotism . ( Cheers . ) But we have no hope that the pivseut Kutcrument will act thus . Why , then , do we petition ? To show our sympathy for the Poles , to show the Government and Parliament
that we are not sharers in their criminal apathy ; and , lastly , because by petitioning we are doing something towards infarmintt tho public mind , and sparing the people to uso th , ir power , when ob amed in beh , If of their oppressed fellow ! men . ( Loud cheers . ) It is time that common-sensa men spoke out against the twaddling humbug of the preachers of " permanent and universal peace . " ( lloar , hear . ) We are opposed to all wars ot aearession-wiirs fOT u , 0 acquirement of territory or what is falsely " called " glory "—all suca wars have out heartiest condemnation , aven warfare for the recovery or de ' onco of tho f'ijUta ot man wo regard ns . a necessary etU , rbc
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would saMctiun no such warfare but on compulsion Ihm far , we accompany the " peace" men , but no turchcr . ( Cheers . ) When they call upon us to submit to tyranny , rather than resist by forcible means we will not follow them , for we will not violate the laws of nature by repudiating that high and noble instinct which bids us defend ou » c | v » u fuaIa wr 01 ) cr and protect the helpless , aim aid tho weak against the wrong-doer . ( Applause . ) To preaoh the contrary doctrine is to preach base submission to tyrants , and add strength to their thrones . ( Great applause . ) If the Autocrat of Russia will become president or patron of the Peace Society , and employ that Society ' s lecturers to teach tlie people of l'oland the wickedness of attempting togain their freedom by force , ho will do the best thing ho could do to conserve his power . ( Cheers . ) I may be told that the Peace Society preach not only peace to the people , but also tc the people's ruler ? , and that the
adoption of their principles by governments would lead to the disbandmciit of armies and tho extinction of those means of force at present employed against the people . Gi anted ; but the peace tin n well know ( hat governments , as at present constituted , will never abandon force . It is by force—aided by fraud —that the tyraHts exist—therefore , the conversions , effected by the peace men , must be all on oue side ; they may make drivelling slaves of the despairing many , but they will never humanise the powerful brigands who rule and flourish by the tword . ( Loud . Hmo » h UU u ai - m is to WV ** ili ( i l ° l ) lti lor lhat time , when having obtained their own rights , ihev win nave the power to move nationally in behalf o " f SJ «« . ; Letlnemlsani } foes , Englishmen and Poles , szffir ^ zsrsssszs 1 oland s Regeneration is not a band of conspirators . \\ e donot pretend to tiler physical aid to iL n .. <> nl < .
oil oland . We do not protend to oiler what we have not to give nor to threaten that which wu cannot execute . Our mission is to enlighten the public mind and ptepare the English people for the tune when they will be able to assist the Poles with nil the res . urces ot this great nation . ( Cheers . ) Certain parties may affect to despise us because iu their ejes we are not influential ; Dr . Bowring may refuse to consort with us , because we are not important enough for him ; no matter , tve will work bv ourselves . _ ( Cheers . ) We will at least do our " duty strong in the faith that our humble labour * will not be in vain , but that the hour will comu when tho nations will rise to enforce justice for tin . niseives ana to do justice 011 their eppressors ; when kiny , kaiser and autocrat will be for ever driven Irom the soil of lree . regenerated i ' oland , and Poland ' s flag fljat victorious over every other banner in Eastern Europe . ( Lnthusiastic and prolonatd cheering i
Mr . 1 . CuitK , on coming forward to second tho resolution , was loudly cheered . He aaid that upon entering the Hail , having just come from another meeting , he had made up his miud to remain a mere li-tener , but being called U ( iou fcy the chairman and having heard the brilliant speech ot Mr . liarney , he eouid not remain a quiescent spectator of the ' proceedings . He felt , as all must fed who were capable of a generous thought , that the wrongs of Poland were written 011 the blackest page of European hist ry ( Uear , hear . ) The partitun of Poland originally was au act worthy of tha genius who presided in the internal regions , but although it nughi be said the kngliih . government wero n-t in any way responsible lor Uut , piece of villany , jet it would not be denied that they were bound , in every sense of the word ta maiutdiu inviolable the treaty ut Vienna . ( Cheers ) Aud why had they not maintained it ' i Beunuse they were themselves ykiu in spiiit to those wh « had dpi-.
petrated the airociiiesiu Poland which they had heard detisiltjd to them that night . ^ Cheers . ) But it was said that the government had " protested" a » aiusC the eonliscationof Cracow , and in so ooiug they haU discharged their duty . It was true that they had put into the mould of the Queen , the mother of her people—( iiugnsei)—a statement that she had " protested " against the last act of Northern rulKuuism . Jbuthow must the line and noble feelings of the Woman havo revolted wueu , as the Quum seated upou the throne of England , with the rampant liou . at her feet — ( laughter and cheers ) — calling to mind the suffering and the stripes inflicted
upou the women olPoinnd , she was made to express , in the mild blandnes * ot her sex , that she had " protested" against crimes which are ib . » infamous to think ot . ( Loud cheers . ) He was no frk-uu to war , lie shuddered at tho bare contemplation of it , but when he recollected what use me government had made 01 the physical force of the country at Canada —( sensation)—Uliina and Alighaiiistau —( immenss sensation)—lie thought that more penetrating and sinking arguments ui ; m a protest might have be .-rt loundtorthe Aiortuerii tiuur . ( Loudclieers . ) Mr . Claik had much pleasure m seconding the auoptiun . of the petition , and sat down warmly applauded . The petition was unanimously adonud .
The UuAiRiua then introduced Mr . "William Beesley , ot Acurington , . Non . ii Lancashire , who was loudly cheered on coming forward to move tue following resolution : — That this meeting recommends tUe country to suppor * the Democratic Coiumif . te tor Poland ' s ttegeueratim In . dealing a national agitation in favour of limish iuter . vtntion iu behalf of l ' olaud . Mr . liiiESLEy said he heartily concurred with all that had beeu said in condemnation . i > f the arch-devii of Russia and tUe despots of Austria aud Prussia ; and he considered the cowardly and treacherous conduct of the English government to be also worthv of the severest censure . ( Cheers . ) Above all , Ue ' denounced the parsonswho had remained silent while
, a whoie nation was given over to execution . ( Clivers . ) 'Ihejarsoiis every Sunday expressed themselves ' miserable sinners , " which everjuudy knew —( hear , hear)—and how they had letc undone what they ought to have cone , . and done those things whictt they ought not to have done —( laughter)—but they never told how the poor Poles had been butchered ia cold blood , tr how Polanu had bttn seized on and destroyed by imperial robbers and muidaers . ( Loud cheers . ) ISo , no ; they did uut tell us auv . thing useful , they left that to others , ( liear , haar . ) Thay would not tell us how much the church gormandised , or how much royalty aquandereii / or what tha bishops , archbishops , and other so-called dignitaries
eoal us . ( Cheers . ) Dr . Bowling was doubtless a , very learned man , but he ought to have beeu here touigiu to have given this meeting the beneu ' t of hia learning ou the question of Cr&cow , aud tp have iearueu tue public sympathy far th ; it gallaut , brave , but unhappy people , the Poles . ( Great , applause . ) As L » r . Bownng would not , or did 1 : 0 :, attend to the case properly , he should give it up , and lor his ( Mr . Beesley ' a ) pare , he should like to seo Mr . Uiuieom . be taking the matter up with the same energy as he did the Chartist cause . ( Hear , and cheers . ) It might be said that individuals could not do luucu ; but a iimaa of individuals , bound Ugetlier tor one grand purpose could effect a great deamioro . ( Loud eiieers . ) He would not advocate peace when
war was necessary . ( Hear , hear . ) He couid not agree with the canters , who said , if A'ichulas did evil , fie must suffer in tho world to come . ( Laughter . ) i \' o , no . If evil was committed here , in this world should the punishment be applied , and the sooner the better . ( Great applause . ) He loved thepeop ' a of l ' olaud , because they not only talked of freedom , but fought for it , bied lor it , and , consequently , deserved that happiness livedom would coaler . ( Great cheering . ) Ho hoped this movement would ba carried uut . A national agitation should bo got up which would compel the government of this country to interfere 111 behalf of Polaud . ( Cb . ee s ) He su «» gested that the committee should send out two leeturns to agitato the provinces-one should bean Englishman , and one a Pole who should speak En * . ^• ni ^ i . . e shou f i toll . » lu W" « S 8 of his country and the sufferin
gs of her children , and the Englishman should entoree the necessity of British iinertereneo to crush the despots wno truuipkd . upon 1 oland . ( im-at cheering . ) It might bo objected that money was wanting , but let the committee only get their lecturers into Lancashire , nnd they woi'ld at once luaku the agiution selt-suppoiSing . The people ot Manchester , who had a spleudid hall of their own , would receive them with open arms , and iie pledged hi , UsOlf that he would accompany tho lecturers to all the towns of North Lancashire within twenty miles of Accrington at his own cost . ( Great applause . ) jj Ucn an agitation would make tho butisli government do something more than " pro-• P n tuo Jev 1 ^ d the tyrants care about a protest , when there was nothing behind that ' protest ? " ( Hear , hear . ) When the Emueror of
uuna wanted to save his people from being poisoned the English government did not . " protest , " steel and biiLets were the arguments employed to convert tae Chinese . ( Ikav , iWOT . ) Why vVid they not direct the same sort of arguments against the Russian nsar ? ( Loud cheers . ) As long as tyrants existed , permanent and universal peace" was all humbug . 1 here was no way of dealing with the destroyers ot Poland but by using force , ami the sooner " tho vougeance of the people of this aud every country was directed against them tho better for humanity . ( Renewed and enthusiastic chewing . ) Mr . Caugiiun seconded Ihe resolution , which wa 3 unanimousl y adopted . _ Air . T . M . WiiEELKK , who was warmly ; : pplai : ded , 111 a few remarks moved the adoption of me " Address to the Democratic JL'oUs , " which wili he found in the thii d pa » e-
The motion having boon seconded , tho Address was unanimously adopted . Messrs . IIakney and Wiikslkr having moved a vote of thanks to the Chairman , which was carried by acclamation , Mr . Jo . nks acknowledged the compliment , and the meeting , which had been most entuusiastio throughout , dissolved .
Untitled Article
ScARCiiT is Switzerland . —The Counter dc VAin states , that butcher's meat has become- so 'dear at Schatfuausen , in Switzerland , that permission has been granted by the authorities to expose for sale tha flesh of horses , asses , aud mules . liKiCESTEu . —Tho general trade continues dull , and ma » nufacturers are- aciiug witli grout caution . In cotton goods more Udoiug , and inw « wdW 3 aro unticipattd .
Tfomgn I!Toikmt!Tt& Jtamasa^A. ^Vtr ^T- _-
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(Solom'ai Anli Foreign Intelligence* •* » — ^_
( Solom ' ai anli foreign intelligence * » — ^_
Untitled Article
Fbbbsaby 27 . 1847 . THE NORTHERN STAR . ¦ . iT ^—^—^—1 /
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 27, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1407/page/7/
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