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A SONG . { Aik—WUh Htlmet on hit Brow . ) In honour of that indomitable fuend and advocate ef tfie Rights of Labour , T . S . Buscoxbf , M V .
Let the base sycophant Of wars and heroes sin ; ; ' Laud the despot' crioge and bow To Emperor or Kin ; ; I scorn such fulsome themes , I sing of the patriot brave , Duncombr , the friend of Liberty , And Labour ' s worn-down slave . Chobos . —Let all as one unite . And join in Freedom ' s cause , Shouting far " DaHCombe and oar Rights Free , just , and equal laws !" VThen the Whigs and Tories joia'd The labourer to enslave , Duncombe crush'd their monster Bill , And consigned it to its grave . The Post-office espionage
Pursued in Graham ' s plan , Buncombe nobly did up « et , And exposed that hateful man . Cnosr / s . —Let all as one , &c . The poor in Baetiles doomed Their wretched lives to apesd , — The toiling slave—the factory child . Suncombe has been their friend ; lie has their wrongs denounced , Ho will their rights demand . And Labour would emancipate From the grasping tjrantband . Choecs . —Let all as one . ic .
He Kill defend the oppressed , The Irish or the Pole ; The deedi of df spots are deplor'd By his patriotic soul . Duncombe they cannot bribe-He ' s boutst . firm and bold , And , as the leader of our cause , His worth cannot be told . Cho&cs . —Let all as one , be . Let the Tories tell of Peel . The Whigs a Russell boast , Dancombe is our champion .
And this shall be our toast : — " To Duncombe and the Trades , Duucotnbeand Liberty ; To Duncombe and the Charter , And may wa soon be free !" Chows . —Let all as one unite , And join in Freedom ' s cause , Shoutine for "Suncombe and our Bights ; Free , just , andequ . 1 laws !" ¦ Som rrjTown . Johjc Abnott .
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TAIT'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE .-MARcn Edinbnrah : Sutherland & Knox . London : Simp " kia & Marshall . This is an excellent number of this old-established magazine . Seldom hava we seen a number less open to objection and so worthy of-praise , as regard * its contents generally . From the " Political Register " cf the month we extract the following sensible notice of THK TEX HOCKS BILL .
It appears that 1 ] in 13 of all the Manchester mills are standing ; that one-third of the number are working short time ; that 1 in 15 of the operatives are idle ; am ) one-third of the remainder are on short time The ope . ration of the t « n hours' bill would cqualiie this state of matters , aaA would take w > more from the aggregate working hours , or the collective wage * , than the recent speculations in cotton and the stagnation in basinet * have taken already . Politically , or , rather , socially considered , the most valuable article in this number is that on' * The Cause and Cure of Crime . " The writer of the article , after briefly showing up the Draco like atrocities of onr past criminal law , and the alow progress of its amendment , proceeds pithily bat poiutedly to exhibit tho enormous folly and eril of the present sys tern of transportation . lie next exhibits the awful evils of
JCVEMIE VAORASCT . The MoaVites wbonwn ' e their children burnt offeri : i < tR lo idols had an infatuated hope of accomplishing a great object by the sacrifice . The Hindoo mother committed her child to the sacred river , trusting that its waters would float her infant to Eiysiutn . How many British mothers , more enlightened , withoat any similarly vague expectations , submit tbeir children to the most fiery ordeal!—and no effort is made by the public authorities to restrain the iniquity ; for this crime may be more frequently chargeable to the State than to the parent . Javenile street-begging i » tha precursor of juvenile crime . Our common pauperism U the grand nursery of our too common guilt . It is not possible that an infant can be trained to all the artifices of alms-seeking , and exercise
them from its earliest years without contracting the contamination of crime , if left without any intellectual or moral instruction ; and this ij the case in almost cverv instance of juvenile pauperism . Death interferes , in thr great majority of catec , to save tha public from an intolerable burJeH . The vast majority of children , wdo are exposed from any causes to the miseries of streetbegging , ' lie early . Those alone who are of the stoutest mould can withstand the vicissitudes to which they are subjected . But it is surely a miserable comfort to find eat mode of treatment fatal to so many individuals , who might have lived to usefulness in a yet half-peop ' eii world . It can be no great recommendation of our
prcsent system that it shields the public from an or * rirlielmlag nwss of crime , only by throwing those who * eem to be regarded as the refuse of time into eternity , withou ' tha experience of a single real kindness , or an hoar o < proper instruction . Those who are desirous of reducing the crime of the country must brgin with the very loweit d « pth * of society , and improve them . They maj demand an nitration in our Poor-laws , and thev maj eek for legislative improvement ; but we have the utmost reliance in the disposition of the State to do gocd by halves and quarters ; and so it will he ultimately fonnd that the work , to be done well , must be done bj the people themselves .
The work is being done , at least- has been commenced . The " ragged schools" ( odious and abominable name , a disgrace to tho « e who invented it . ) of London and other towns , are steps taken in * tight direction . But these schools are very imperfect : they should bescheols of industry as well a * learning , and , moreover , aylumns where ihe destitute may find sustenance as woll as education , for we fully Mfce with thewriter in Tait . that" the element * of reading and writing will not supply the immediate want of a quartern loaf ; and it is little less than mockery to bid the destitute be taught , unless they are also invited to be fed . " This Dr . Alison sees , and therefore demands bread as the first necessarv for destitute aad vagrant children to pave them froni
becoming criminals : on the other hand . Dr . Chalmers advocates the Bible as all-sufficient . Tht writer in Tuitadvnottes a combination of both . tV our part we think the less children are pestered with what even grown-up people are puzzled to comprehend , the better . The elements of morality are to be found in connexion with all religions and independent of all religions . Food , education Mid instruction in the arts of industry , Are the grand rcquisitea for popular schools , leaving the mb -lars to study Bible or Koran when they have their minds brought to something near the rtanriard ef rationality . But of course such a com mon-scnse system is not practical . Even in England
the niiserable children of the multitude are left to perish bodily an < l mentally , because savage sectarians mnot agree !•> even fairly compete with each other , but must needs insist upon each bavins a monopolv of " souls . " White this is the caseia England , it is in vain to expect that Scotland will exhibit greater liberality . If , however , we cantsot see things yet faced upon a common-sense footing , it affords us M easure to know that even in Scotland far better than ragged schools already exist .: we allude to the ' schoolsof ' industry , " which , commenced at Aber-JfcV k ' r to exten < ' 0 Ter tne country . It appears that for the first ot these achools the British public iwe mainly indebted to Sheriff Watson , of Aberdeen , lue following extract describes the system of the
IBtBDEEN SCnoot 8 OF INDU 8 TBT . The children have three substantial meals a-dny ; three fcours of lessons , and five h our * of work suited to their ages . Alltheboys ( and Birl ») return to their homes every evening . On SumJajs , they receive their food as on other dajs . and attend puMic worship , and they ha » e also religious in-tructioii in school . A part of the time on week days is occupied very properly in recreation . The ? eho 6 ls were commenced in the year ISil , and have alieady almost totally annihilated juvenile vagrancy io the town and county » f Aberdeen . T ! : s expense of educating seven ULi ' . re ? i in tie industrial schools is the same amount as tha t paid for the punishment of one transcorted
« mn »> a ,. "Economy and humanity are thus happily combined in plea'Jin ? for the general establishment of these institutions . " As good in intention and « iU ulatcd to mitkate existing evils , we applaud ™ e e stablishment ot three schools oi im \ nstiy . ; lmt * e cnui . ot Wind our eyes to the fact thai jnvtnile 'a ^ rancy , ignorance and cr me , are but symptoms » a mat r-verwhelming disease , which mere Bdiools « auno t eradicate . The monster evil is the present * ocia ! ordi r of tbinss . As long as there are hordes aristocrats , prcfitmon « ers , soldiers , and the almost «! nalc
> s ni :. ss of idlers ai ; d f chemers under various names , who at present j . rey upon the industry "i the country—as long as these reap all the C-jojffitntsof society and consign the ; pople toun-*® Q "" ' 'l . depradntion and competition with ,, ? lhcr fort !| e t-i » e means of existence-go Jona will tne , ranV evils which curse this nation continue 2 m f in aU their "PpaMw ? hideoasness . The OUUreii rcartd in sthools of industry may , for the « me , he saved from ruin , bat when launched on the jerld they wiil be exposed to that horrible comveti-« on which produces poverty , slavery , misery , and
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Tice ; and not even Dr . Chalmers ' s " Bibles" will save them from that lot which is tha d «« m «?„ many thousands in that city whoi bo ? . U H , » f Z gSS ^ SSSSB ssp ^ saa cracv of' < thn fTit - ^ reci » te the idiosyn-C % 2 ll 8 hOpium Eater" will enjoy his
^ . BKEoS T'TP " ' * " Joan of Arc " and nf thl ? , 'e Mutlncers . » From the last-named ot these articles we extract the following joke :-"NO" AND " TEg . " I am , myself , next door neighbour to Westmoreland , oemg a Lancashire man ; and , one day , I was talking with a Westmoreland farmer , whom , of course , I outfit to have understood very well ; but I hadnocliancc with him : for I could not maka out who that A ' o was , con cermng ujhom or cones rnihg tcMeh , he persisted in talking . It seemed to me , from the context , that No must be a
man , and by no means n chair ; but so very negative a name , you perceive , furnished no positive hints for solvin * the problem . I said a « much to the farmer , who st . ireil in stupefication . " What , " crieahe , "did a far-larn'J mau , like you , fresh from Oxford , never hear of Ho , an old gmtleman that should hav . > been drowned , but was not when all his folk were drowned «•» •« N « rer , bo help me Jupiter , " was my r . ply : "never lieard of him to this hour , any more than of I ' m . an old gentleman that should have been hanged , but was not , whea all his folks were hanged . Populous A ' o—I had read of in the Prophets ; but thit was not an old gentleman . " It turned out that the farmer and all his compatriots in bonny Martindale had been taught at the parish ichool to rob the Patriarch Noah of one clear moiety appertaining in fee simple to that ancient name .
A well-written , candid , and altogether interesting review of Howitt ' g Haunts and Home * of the Poets ; " a most attractive review of "The Romance of War ; or . the Highlanders in Spain ; " and stories by Hannah Lawrence , and the celebrated Zjrhokka , of Germany , complete the principal contents of this admirable number of Tait ' f llxgnzine .
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THE FAMILY HERALD . Part XLVI . London : G . Biggs , 421 , Strand . "Good wine needs no busli . " and tho "Family Herald ** needs no praise . Not having room for extracts , we can only say that this Part is as instructive , entertaining , and interesting , as any of its predecessors .
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THE MUSICAL HERALD . Part X . London : G . Bigg ? , 421 , Stiani . A choice selection of music and " musical literature" graces this Part . The following extract di ? - closes a history mournfully similar to that of the UUatcd Rt . Emtnctt and the daughter of Curran : — THE LIST MELODY OF PESTEl . The Emperor Alexander was dead . His eldest brother , the grand Duke Cnnstantine , was his natural successor to the throne of Russia ; hut , by a deed till then kept secret . Constantine , In Alexander ' s lifetime , had renounced the crown in favour of his younger brother Nicholas . The accession of the latter , therefore , excited general surprise ; an unsettled feeling manifested itself amon ? the people au < l the army . The time appeared favorable for the breaking out of a conspiracy which had hem formins for several years . An insurrection toolt place at St . Peter » bure on Christmas day , 1825 ; but the movement of the conspirators was too hasty : and thtir attempt , not well seconded by the troops , failed throush the enenrv of the Czar .
A hundred and thirty-six leaders of the insurrection were seized , tried , and condemned ; and almost all of thnm were sentenced to perpetual labour , « . r to exile in Siberia . The five principal chiefs were condemned to be broken on tliewhecl , hut did hot undergo that horrible punishment , the gibbet being substituted by an ukase of the Emperor . Amnng these five chiefs the first and most remarkable was Paul Pestel , colonel of the infantry regiment of Wiatka . Thi ! long and arduous task to which he had devoted himself had not wholly engrosser ! the mind of this braviand persevering conspirator . Mive to the charms of the arts , he cultivated them with success ; and , in particular , was an excellent musician .
The young and beautiful Catherine W— . had conceived a devoted attachment to Pestel . Gifted with an exquisite voice , she loved to sing his melodies . Tbo passion with which she inspired him was < q / ially fervent as her own : and if ever tho defip conspirator could forget his gloomy reverie ? , it was when seated by Catherine ' s side , anil dreaming of love and happines * . On the eve of the day when the insurrection was to break out . Pestel , more reoccupied than usual , scarcely answered Catherine , and at times seemed not to hear her . " What ai ' s you to-day ! " she said , taking his band , " you do not look at me—you do not speak to me . I never saw you so coU , so absent , when jou were wilh me . " Pestel looked at her sadly— "What would you do , Ca . therine . were yon never to see me again !" "I should die ! " eried 'Catherine , with enthusiasm ; and then added , in a voice of terror ,
"Rut , gonfl G # d ! why this question ! Paul , can you think of forsaking me 3 " Pestfi was siknt . " But it ennnot be , "said Catherine : " you have sworn to Interne till death . " " Yes ! -while this heart beat * it is yours , Catherine But , "headded , embracing her with melancholy tenderi > e « s . " promise me , if 1 die , : hat you wiil live for the sake of your old father , and that , even when dead , I shill never cease to occupy your thoughts , " " I promise to live as Ion ? as my grief will allow—But , of ns two . Paul , it is not I vrho shall have this cruel trial to uRilergo . " " Thtre are presentiments which do not deceive , " said Pestel , declining his head on bis breast ; " an iuwurd voice warns me that I must abandon my tno happiest visions , the bliss of living in the enjoyment of your love , Catherine , and the glory of assuring the welfare of my C MiBtrymen . "
" What do you mean t" cried the young girl , whos .-fear and agitation increased every instant ; " what mean these mysterious words , "these gloomy predictions ? Paul , you are concealing a secret . " "Yes , Catherine . " " \ secret from me , « ho never had one from you !" " You have had all mine—but this one does not belong -o me . " " And if I may jnJge from your looks , your wordf , your thoughts of di-ath and parting , it must be lometliinjj very terrible !" "Terrible indeed !" < Vter a moment ' s silence , Pestel continue * — " Hrar me , Catherine ; when I shall give you this eT < ninc my farewell kiss , it may perhaps be the last you will receive from me . But whatever may be my lot , whenever yo-4 are toltl , ' Paul is dead , * come , ami yo shall find a remembrance of me J for , 1 swear to you , my last thought shall be of von . "
Pestel ' s presentiment did not deceive him ! he saw Catherine no more . ^ The day after the execution of hii sentence , a young girl drowned in tears , obtained from the keeper of the prison the favour of being admitted into Pcstel ' s cell . After a long search , she discovered some linos of music pencilled on the wall . Above them , there were only the two words , " Fo * HtB ! " Underneath was Paul ' s name . Two y ? ars afterwards , there died in a lunatic asjlum a poor maniac , whose madnessconMSted in singing , every day , and % t the sauit hour , the same little melody . The madwoman was Catherine—the hour was that at which « he w . i 4 admitted to her lover ' s dungeon—and the air wa » the last tneloly of Pestel .
Pestel ' s melody has been preserved and is given in the present Part > f the "Musical Herald . " It is simple in the theme , and of a tender and melancholy expression . Pestel , whose name , together with the names of his heroic comrades , " Will be A watchword till the future shall be free . " wa * one of the first victims of the tyrant Nicholas ; thousands have sine * added their testimony against that murderous miscreant . How long ! how long !
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THE PEOPLK'S JOURNAL . Part XIV . London : J . Bennett , 69 , Fleet-a'reet . The articles on "Democracy in Europe , " by Joseph Xlnzzini ; " Household Education , " b y Harriet Martineau ; "The Chamberlain and Cheap Theatre-, " and " People about One , " hy A . B . Reach ; " Poetry , and the Duties of the Poet , " by Charles Maekay ; " An Earthquake in the Al-rum , " liv L . Mwititii ; and " How to fred Ihe People , " arc well worthy perusal . As our space is very limited , we must confine ourselves to giving merely the following extract , as anotht-r illustration of
THE CAPABILITIES OF THE SOIL . S . ixsicNDHiu Stipe Husbandry Association This society was first noticed in the People ' s Journal , vol . ii ., p . 41 , Annals . It may be recollect . il tiiiit there it was statt-i Cr . it it was an assonHtiou which cultivated a farm , which its mambers had purchased by £ 0 sh-ires , by spade husbandry , and an account of It * successful first year ' s profsre s was al .= o given . We have since received a letter from one of its active promoters on the * pot , which reports further progress . From it we gather that , nnttrithstandiui ; the last year was dry , and not nt all favourable lor light land , of which they have several arris , uiitch , under th « ordinary system of farming , pro . duced 1-ut little over : he deed , jet that , under the im . pro * oil agriculture of this association , these very acres
produce ! on an av-. rage SL'Vi-u-aud-a . haif combs each , whi ! o oilier farms nearly adjoining did not realise more than three corahs per acre . This fact has caused much inquiry amnnt ; the farmers in the neighbourhood ; ami , on tltc whole , our dirrespondcnt th nks tUut , without exaggeration , the society made at least bttween £ 1 or £ 5 per acre more thnn thtir neighbours , who occupied pr . ciii Ij ; hc tanu- quality cf soil . On their betti r land , h > wevtr , they grew tin c mbspcracre , nmlhnil likewise great quantuies of clover and other crops , uilh the exceptinn of pias , which wire a general failure last year throughout the kingdom . Great enthusiasm prevails aniouu the members of the society , who sue soihoroughly convinced of its advantages , that they would not give it up for double the amount nhlch they havo paid ,
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Vithout having made a regular valuation , they estimn thoir last year ' s profit at least at £ 100 , These fao ' speak volumes fur s >> ade husbandry , and in favour o agriculture by association . —0 . B . Without assertiug that the poetry contained in this part is " first-rate , " we may safely assert , that it is much superior to the poetry of similar publications . The conclusion of the translated extract from the Polish poem—the "Dziady , " and Charles Mackay'a "Phantoms of St . Sepulohrc , " are pieces deserving special praise . The engravings in Noa . 58 and 59 arc well executed . « iu ou arc weu executed .
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TUE TRUTH SEEKER . March . London : Chapman , 121 , Newgate-street . "A Working Man , " writing to the American slaveholders , in this magaz ' . iw , among otfwsv tvygvi . ments for negro emancipation , says , "it has been proved that free labour is better than slave labouris cheaper ! and with this fact staring you in the 'ace , tlierc is no shade of fear , mercenary as yon are , that it will lessen your gains . " This looks very like an argument for making tho slaves worso off than at present , giving them a nominal liberty , but making them the stiil cheaper tools of the capitalists , and , therefore , ilaves ; released from the whip , hut subject to the scourge of starvation ; miserable victims , tremb'ing before tyrants who bid them—Work for this pittance , cr difi ! " This number contains the usual quantity of " fine writing , " which tue select few who follow tho ' Truth Seeker" ra ; iy understand , but which we must confess is beyond our comprehension .
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THE MIDLAND FLORIST . Conducted by J . F . Wood , F . II . S . March . London : Simpkin , Marshall , and Co . Tho good word we gave to the first and second numbers of this publication is equally deserved by the number before us . Its appearance is much improved by the adaption of an appropriate coloured coyer .
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MACKENZIE'S MONTHLY RAILWAY TIME TABLES ; ADVERTISER AND STRANGERS * LONDON GUIDE . March . London : E . Mackenzie , 111 , Fleet-street . In the present number of this sheet we perceive a great improvement in the arrangement of the Tables : they are no longer indiscriminately mixed , each partbeingheaded "West , " " South-east , " * ' North , " or independent lines , in distinctive black letter * , taking London as the starting-point . Thus a traveller wanting to reach any branch or distant railway , will
find by which terminus he must leave the metropolis . As far as possible , also , the branch lines are given , tn their true position , and the main lines continued : o thoir utmost extent . Wo trust this will reduce the complication so much complained of , and be thought one step towards unravelling the iron network of roads , now spread over the surface of the kingdom . The "Time Tables" ranks new as omof the best vehicles for publicity ; and , from the admixture of anecdotes and receipts , is preserved for referenco , and tendered to friends , as an interestimpastime .
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ASTLEY'S AMPHITHEATRE . On Monday a variety of new attractions were added to the performances at this honse , the first being "Sir Walter Scott ' s historical , equestrian , and powerful dramatic spectacle , " entitled ' Kenilworth ; or , The Gnlden Daj' 3 of England ' s bliztbeth . Theplot ends , not as the great novelist , makes it , in the death of Amy Robsart , by herfallin " through the treacherous flooring of the building " for , in thi < drama she is saved , and Richard Varney is , instead of Uev , destroyci < . by the means lie bad omtn vp ! for her murder . With this exception , the original tale is tolerably well followed ; and the mede in which it was acted , with the grand processions and the splendid reception of the soverei at th »
gn Castlcof the Earl of Leicester , the morris dances . &a save astiikin « sta 2 e version of " the chivalrous scetws of July , 1575 , and Elizibsth ' s progress to Kenilworth . Varied and astonishing feats of berseman-Bhip in the circle followed , much to the delight anil surprise , oftentimes , of the spectators ; and then came the seconl novelty of the evening ' s entertainments . This consisted of the first appearance of the equestmn artiste . Mr . Pablo Fanque , and of his wonderfully tutored steed , a fine black and exquisitely formed animal . In this creature , it is must truly remarked , ' the capacities of the horse are displayed in an entii ely new character . " Ilia paces ot the most elegant ami ( if the term may be so used delicate kindware reduced and extended at the will
, of the rider , and the nature of the music that accompanied his several performances . The Minuet de la tour , Gavotte , Cachuca , Waltz , and other dunces were really astonishingly executed by this remarkably trained steed , almost inducing the beholder to aTcn m the assertion of the animal ' s movements " indicating an ingenuity asid even sentiment" in his steps and paces . At all events it is a peculiarly curious and pleasing display of what the horse may be taught and may become ; and all who are inieiorted in Kuch performances should witness this , and they will be ? n ^ highly gratified a * wcli as nstonMied . The Royal lux Hunt ; or , Lite ' s Course of Man and bteeo , concluded theevening ' sentertainments . The hou 3 e was crowded .
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SADLER'S WELLS . We confess we have had our fears that the drama would all but " vanish into thin air . " The want of public patronage as re « ar < led the management of that meritorious actur , Mr . Maeread y , was most diicouraging to the lovers of the " legitimate " But bettor days have dawned ; witness the peribrmanc at this house . Sadler ' s Wells has become famous for the revivals of Shakespeare ' s plays and the otVr deathless productions ofour elderdramatists , and Mr . Phelps has selected a company in every way capable of imparting to the auditor a proper conception of the imagination of the author . Wo are then clad to congratulate the maiia «» -ment of this theatre as t-i the success of their efforts : it is but justice that , so laudable an undertaking , viz ., —tlie regeneration ot the legitimate drcma , should meet the liberal patronage of the day , which has hitherto been too tnHih withheld from the proper quarter .
Not only as the management given shelter to Shakespeare and onr other great dramatists hut , they have nourished and brought before tho pubiin talent of the present day ; and tlio very successful production of the author of the" King of tho Commons , " will evidence as to the trnth that there are writers , who merely wait the nod of public approval , and who possess capabilities of a very high order . Mr . White , the author of the new play , Feudal Times , ' has completely succeeded;—and , upon a general review of his work , we think few will hesitate in subscribing to our very humble opinion , that it contains beauties of morn than average merit , imp arting considerable interest tnan historical incident in the reign of the third James of Scotland . The greatest praise we rat * award is , that there is nothing commonplace ; and this we deem highly complimentary to dramatic authorship now-a-days .
The collision which is set forth in the tragedy is that between the man of high blood and rude personal murage ; and the man of low birth , but with the advantage of euperinr cultivation . The dctailo and filling up of the whole is most complete ; carryin-: the interest of the auditor throughout five acts , which , however , is played in nearly three hours . We recommend our readers to seo this play . The antagonism of the characters , we think , will vastly suit their tastes , and afford them much gratification . Mr . l'helps , as the noble-minded CoRhrnnc . well
sustained tlie emirteons bearing of the educated plebeian , and where vifilent expressions of passion were required acted with great power . Mr . G . Bennett made a complete study of the stern unbending Angus , and the sullen air of his by-play was excellent . Miss L . AOdr ani ' s conception of Margaret Randolph , haughty from birth , and proud from the consciousness of her own nobility of mind , is highly to be commended , though she should be rather more sparing of lier emphasis . All . in d eed , acquitted themselves very creditably , amidst much applause .
The scenery and dresses are in excellent tnstc , and , t > keep up the impression of the whole piece , tho intervals between the acts are filled up by Scotch national airs . The honse has been crowded every even ing during the representation of " Feudal Times , " and we have no doubt will continue to be so for sonic weeks to come .
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THESE ARE THE CHAMBERS'S OF 1845 ! I . We have already shown to our readers tho Chambers s ot 1817 ; we now refer to the previous opinions ot these changeable economists . WtieRce this wonderful change ?)
IMPROVEMENT OF WASTE LANDSSPADE HUSBANDRY . ( From the Information for the People , No . 12 ) According to the best authorities on the subject , it appears that tho British islands contain upwards ot thirty millions of acres of waste lands . Much of this large division ofour territory is situated at an altitude which places it beyond the possibility of improvement ; but at least one half isbelievnl to be improveable . and capable of being rendered suitable if not tor tillage and grain crops , at , least for the ( p « ding of cattle . Tlie question as to tbe propriety of improving the really improveable waste lands of the country , is , in any individual case , to be sati < - ^ T ? " ™ H s taining at what expense . in relation tthe '
, probable profit , the proemsTm ' av b « i M r i J-n a ^ stance of miles , aid"d by years of skilful tillage ; bat will the cm of these opSI ? o ! s l , n fairly returned by the profits of tho RS ? G > lb itself may be purchased too highly , and so mav . u-ncuitural improvement ; . We do not hrow out tins idea for the purpose of discouraging , bat of cautiomng proprietors and farmers of lands . In all nro jected improvements , they will require to ascertain in the first place , what will be the probable return within a moderate length of time for their outlayalways keeping in view the prospective prices of rural produce during the period . Such , at least , is the principle of calculation which ought naturally to
giuue an proprietors ot extensive tracts of waste ground , the outlay on which is to be strictly pecuniary . With reference to those who propose to improve wastes chiefly by an expenditure of time and personal labour , the calculation will take a similar turn ; and tlie question will be , whsther that time and labour could not havo been employed more profitably in ancther line of pursuit . Leaving this , however , for further discussion in the sequel , we proceed to point out , first , to those whose situation in life and inclinations lead them that way . the means to be adopted , according to tho best principles of science and lights of experience , for reclaiming large or small portions
of waste Unds . and the results which may be expected to reward their enterprise ; and . second , the best plans which may be followed for improving patches of ground by spado husbandry , and establishing thereupon small cottage farm * , suitable for the support ( . f a comparatively humble class of families . In the treatment of these certainly not unimportaut injects , we shall of course refer chiefly to the condition of waste lands in the United Kingdom : but the improvement of wastes in the colonies or in foreign countries will also be understood to be included , and in each case we will endeavour to adhere closely to practical details .
IMPROVEMENT OF MOSS LANDS . The greater portion of what are usually called waste lands , are stretches of peat-bog or moss . covercd by a thin benty grass and tufts of heath . This remarkable species of land is found to a very great extent in Ireland and Scotland , often in the midst of beautiful and productive tracts of country , but iiencrally in high-lying districts , which are somewhat defnetive in point of climate . Peat-mosses aro supposed to be occasioned by the destruction o < ancient forests , either by the hatchet w from natural decay . The trees found at the outskirts ol these mosaea appear to have been cut down , while those in the interior appear to have decayed by the gradual process of time . It is believed that
Hie trees thus left upon tho ground would soon beccme covered with moss , lichens , &c . ; and the free drainage < f the land b : ini ; obstructed , aquatic plants , such as recils , rushes , horsetail , and marsh trefoil , springing up and decaying , would leave a strata of soft veuetablo matter , which every succeeding year would increase . Theso plants grow in "reateror less abundance , according to the quantity nf moisture on tke ground ; and this may account for nios * e 3 being deeper in some parts than in others . 1 he holiows wo- 'Id naturally retain m » isture in lnmr quantities than the level ground , and here the aqiiain plants would be mo 3 t prolific , and the hollow gradually become filled up . The peat , which has been in this manner formed , is therefore a
compound vegetable substance , which , although it has undetg < oe a change , has not been entirely decomposed ; probably the cellular tissue or transparent vegetable matter haa decayed , while the woody fibre still remains . Water is indispensable in the formation of moss ; and according as tho ground is very wet ; . or only so to a certain extent , different plants win ba produced . On ground completely saturated with water , various species of moss grow , to the almost tital exclusion of other plants ; but if the land should in any way become drier , reeds , rushes , Ac , and other plants , spring up in place of the moss . Inequality of the moss may be judged of from the plants which grow upon it ; all tho moss-tribe , tlie horsetail , and other plants , spring un in the Dlacc of
the moss . The quality of tho moss may be judged of from the plants which grsw upon it ; all the mos ' -trine , the horsetail , and the marsh trefoil , are ilbrcus . and difficult to decompose , while reeds , rusl . es anil scd » e , are comparatively easy of decomposition , rent-moss possesses an astringent quality , which has thepnwer of preserving budiesimmersed m it . and even keeps itseli from entirely decaying . This power is supposed to arise from the carbonic and ualiie acids which issue from decayed wood ; and vegetable nums and resins will also have tho sjime eft ' ert . The tannin principle exists , as is well known , in the oak ; and the pino contains much b » th of resinous and astringent matter . Many l ) o ises arc formed upon decayed treesand the wood
, r . 0 t commonly found is cither pino , birch , hazel , wank : and in these cases the presence of the tannin lu . ciple is easily accounted for . It is also highly firolviblu that the plants themselves , by the action of i tirul agents , may have acquired mi antiseptic or ai twitrcfying quality . It is certain that aiids of B iderable strength exist in some mosses ; and it is mentioned by Lord Meadowbank , that in prepar as peat-moss for manure , ho used lime to destroy a vitriolic salt of iron , which he says abounds in peatmosses . In some cases , lakes and pools of water have bi en tilled up by the accumulation of moss ; and it lias been observed that fermentation occurs where tl . is has taken place ; Gaseous matter i 3 evolved ,
and tho neighbourhood of such a moss is generally unhealthy ; but true peat soilsaie always salubrious . Tin : reasonable question has sometinus occurred to inquiring minds — whence the substance of i eat-mosses ? for stagnant water alone could not iavo produced many feet deep of solid matter . This question is answered hy chemistry . The vegetation which springs up in the form of aquatic plants absorbs carbonic acid gas from the atmosphere , and a carbonaceous deposit is made in the ' r ii of vegetable fibre , or dead vegetables in thu t ru of mould . iMr . Johnston , in his Lectures on Agiiuim . n-il Clmmistiy , malu's the ioiknving obsur-¦ aiunsmi iuia suiject : —
" " hun lands are impoverished , you lay them uo-vn to grass , and the longvr they lie undisturbed , tl . e richer in vegetab . e mitter does the soil become . « hcn broken up , you find a black fertile mould "here litt'e trace of organic matter had previously .-MS ' -cd . The same observation applies to lands Ion ? in ddr wood . Thu vegetable mutter increases , the soil improves , and when clearvd and ploughed , it yields abundant crops of corn . Do grasses and trees erive their carbon from the soil ? Then how , by aeir growth , do they increase the quantity of carii . nac ous matter which the soil contains ? It is - ¦ bvio . is that , taken as a whole , they must draw ironj the air not only as much as is contained in their own substance , but an excess also , which they impart to the soil .
But on this point the rapid growth of peat may bo conuvleved absolutely conclusive . A tree falls across a little running stream , dams up the water , and produces a marshy spot . Rushes and reeds spring up , ii'iftses take root and grow . Year after year new -h -ots are sent forth , and the old plants die . Vegetable . natter accumulates : a bog , and finally a thick bed of peat , is formed . Nor does this peat form and accumulate at the expense of one species orgenus of plants only . Latitude and local situation are the cyinnutences which chiefly affect this acoumulatiun of < eatable matter on thcaoil . In our own country the 1 . west layers of peat are formed of aquatic plant / , T ° f , t mofse / 1 ' > the Mslwat of licath . ' In Lnradeltueso ( snysDanyin ) , nearly overy patch of level ground u covered b y two species of plains . wind ., by their joint decay , compose a thick bed of
e asuc peat In the Falkland Islands , almostevory kind ot plant , oven the coarse grass which covers tlie whole surface of the islands , beeomu converted imo tins substance . Whence have all these plants derived their carbon ? rhe quantity originally contained in the soil is , after a lapse ot years , increased ten thousand fold , lias the iltatl matter the power of ' reproducing itself ? \ uuwill answer at once , that all these plants must have grown at tho expense of the air-must have l !\ vd on the carbon it was capable of affording them , ami as they died , must have left this carbon in a date unfit to nourish the succeeding rncex . " In iither words , the substance of puat-meases is a deposit trosu the atmosphere , which is evidently a universal source ot subsistence to vegetable life ( To be continued . )
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Capauiutiesop the Soit .-A member of the Waiivort : i district ot the Laud Company desires us to publish tho Mowing in is . JO , Mr . Jordan j-rowod from one root or grain of wheat fifteen good ears , ami ivul therefrom 505 good corns ; and replanted the same in 18-Jl , m a garden , on nine yards and three eel ot ground , the produce of which * wna 1 . SS 4 ears of c orn , which yielded 17 , 535 good corns , and measured five pints and a half imperial measure , which lyilluivo sixteen pints and a half to a rod of ground ; realizing inrty-oue bushels two gallons to an acre . Ro ' ert underwood witnessed the experiment , nnii l © its witness to the truth of tbe tibovo .
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ML ^ l TING AT Li ! 1 ! D 8 w 80 W 0 RT OP THE GoVBllN . ? n ,. M- 0 ? . LDm « 0 ! r . —On Monday evening £ d ?*™ M « tin | i ° l thoso P erson 9 wl | o approve ment of pH , * V- ? r tho e ^ en «' ° n and im P rOTe ' EiSS ^ r' -- ^ srtWwS .-SaSSn •^^^ -skskS
appointed at a recent preliminarj ¦ meeting »* to VWIoioph ^ opposition to Mr . Barnes , and the independent ai ^ senters Long before the hour ^ pointofflbusin £ ( seven o ' clock ) , the large Sessions R ^ om was incW veniently crammed ; and it was stated durinn the proceedings that there were four times as many waiting without as were within . The Mayor took the chair . The first resolution , moved by J . G . Marshall , Esq ., seconded by Alderman Tottie , was as follows
\—That the notorious and deplorable defi . iency of means for the good and efficient education of large numbers among the poorer classes in this country , causes the existence of a great amount of ignorance and crime , is an evil of alarming magnitude , anil calls for prompt ana anvrgctif . remedial measures on the part of all classes of the community . This resolution was carried by a great majority , on ^ v thirty or forty hands being held up against it . Jon . v Goit , Esq ., moved , aad Aldbrmak Stansfibu > seconded the motion , — That this meoting desires to reeognise the duty of the state to facilitate and encourage the education of the whole body of the people . The resolution was carried . The Rev . C . Wickstbkd moved , and S . IIbt , Esq ., seconded the motion , —
Tliatin endeavouring to promote tha general education of the people , the policy of the government should be to stimulate , not to supersede , the voluntary tfforts cf th « people ; and to make its aid equally accessible to all , by avoiding constraint upon the religious convictions of the receive ™ . Mr . Councillor Brook expressed his opinion that education should , as in America , be free from the trammels oi both church and dissent ; that the instruction should bo wholly secular , and that it should be Itft to the parents of the children alone to give them such religious education as they might deem proper . He was opposed to all centralisation , and waa ready to . go for a separation of Church and State . Tlie resolution was carried . The Rev . J . Fawceti moved , —
That the position and prospects of the masters , at well as the quality and character of the instruction givta in many of the elementary schools in this country , nre equall y unsatisfactory ; and that it is of the higliest importsince to improTe the one and to elevate the condition of iheother . The Rev . Dr . Hook , in seconding the resolution , said , I stand here as an advocate for the education of the people on the most extensive scale . I stand not here as a supporter of the government , or as an advocate of the present meisure ; but , huving myself suggested an education on an extensive plan , I care not whether my plan is condemned or not ; I say , " Brir . g forward another ; bring forward a better , and 1 will support it . " ( Cheers . ) And here
I hnd that her Majesty ' s Ministers havo brought forward a measure , which does not propose to go no far as I would go ; but because they won't go with me twenty miles , I see no reason why I should not go with them five miles . There is an attempt to confuse the matter —( hear)—to make it appear as if it was a contest between church and dissent . N- > w . we might oppose the educational scheme of the government as churchmen , or we might oppose it if we were dissenters ; but the first objection now brought against not only this , but any nuasure , is the interference on the part of the State . ( Hour . ) But if you are convinced that the education of the people oii ; : ht to be improved , why then take your Stand boldly upon tliat . and demand that an
improvement be made , demand . that aid and assistance shall be given . I am perfectly well aware that a few years ago the Churcli was unwilling to allow that the state should interfere . The Church then took the samecourse that the opponents of this measure are taking now . Ten or twelve years ago I took that course myself . I was desirous to see the experiment tried as to voluntaryism . I gavo the Dissenters credit fur all their exertions in this cause ; but we have tried ourselves to the utmost , anil the observations I have made satisfy mo that though we have not failed , we have not , by our united exertions , been able to meet the evil . 1 call upon you at the present time to prevent the cause of education from being retarded Jn its progress , to prevent stctarian
influences from throwing any impediment in its way . I call upon you to assist the government to do what will add to the comfort , and respect , and intelligence of the working classes . I call upon you to assist them in doing what will enable you to educate your children , so that they may be able to exercise any corstitutional privilege with which they may afterwards be invested—( loud cheers ;)—in a word , gentlemen , I call U | ion you to allow tho government , to empty the gaols by building schools , ( Loud applause . ) The Mayor then put the resolution , and it was declared to have been unanimously adopted . The following resolutions ( together with a petition ) which "ere spoken to by a number of influential gentlemen , were also adopted : —
That , without pledging itselc to all the details , tliis meeting believes the schema for extending the operatiorm of the Committee of Council on Education , recently laid before Parliament , to be founded on sound principles , and to combine efficient means for developing and improving the existing means of education , with the observance of perfect fairness to all sections of the community . That the neeossity of an annual vote to provide the requisite fund . « , ami the constant attention of Parliament i hereby secured , from a constitutional check , which appears sufficient to control the poisiHe abuses ot patronage , und an undue expenditure of public mon .-y ; und that the vigilance of the House of Commons ma ; be relied on for the inrest'gation or redress of any grievances that may be alleged .
1 hat as the benetits of rovi nimtnt aid are proposed to he confined to those masters and mistresses wha have been trained in Iformnl schools alrendy under inspection , this meeting would boj { leave respectively to suggest that these bent 6 ts mi ^ ht , for the present , ba extended to teachers who have no : had that uOvautnge , but who shall be reported to be duly qualified by competent examination . Meeting to Opi > o . se tub Government Plan of Education . —A meeting was held on Monday evening at the Eastern Institution , Commercial-road , with a view ot opposing the government plan of education . The Rev . Andrew Reiil . D . D , presided , and several dissenting ministers addressed the meeting . The
Government plan , it was nrguen , is utterly adverse to the most important of all liberties—reli gious liberty . It was contended that religious instruction ought not to bo the business of the state , and that , therefore , education ought not t > be so , since , if worthy of the name , it must include religious instruction—they cani-. ot be separated . The necessity of such a plan wns also denied , on the plea of there boinfi as many as 1 , 870 . 000 children now educated at Sundayschools , and that therefore it could scarcely be needful tf > lny out a million and a half of money annually for a similar purpose . These objections to tho plan of national education were a'so set forth in a series of resolutions , which were unanimously adopted .
PniNTsns' Pension SrciETT . —The annual general meeting , and the twenty-fifth election of this wciety for the relief of aged and infirm printers and their widows , was held on Monday , at the London Tavern , Bishopssate-street , for the purpose of receiving a report of the committee for the past year as to the society ' s affairs , appointing the officers for the year ensuing , electing four pensioners on the general funds , awl the candidate , fifth on the poll , to be entitled to the Whittingham Pension . Rtchard Taylor , Esq . F . R . S ., trt-ii 3 urer , in the chair . Mr . J . S . Hodgson said , one great source of annual benefit to their funds , the anniversary meeting , which waa presided over by Lord Dudley Coutts Stuart , had been very productive , the sum of £ 280 having been received on that occasion . O&er auxiliary aids in the course of tho year were alluded to , viz ., tho day
fete , at Vauxhall-gardens , and an entertainment at Bromley , in Kent , the former yielding a profit of £ 16 , and the latter of upwards of Jt' 50 . The committee further reported that a legacy of £ 100 had been bequeathed by the late J . Harris ,. Esq ., bookseller , St . Paul ' s Churchyard , to the funds of the society , such donation being free of duty . The report having been received , the appointment of officers then took place . Richard Taylor , Esq . waa re-elected treasurer . The other officers were tuen appointed . It was announeed that another theatrical amateiw performance would shortly take place , and <\ hepe expressed that it would be as liberally supported as on the last occasion . The result of the poll was . then declared , and tho successful candidates were—Richard T . ChiWs , 3 , 894 ; Francis Wageman 2 , 005 ; Catherine Nowiuan . 2 , 538 ; Edward Turnevy 2 , 375 ; and Thomas S . Baubury , 2 , 310 ( Whittinguum Pension . )
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Going ! Going ' . —The hon . and learned member for Cork , whose precarious state of health has excited so much interest , left the British Hotel , Jer . myn-street , on Saturday last , fov tha country . Ti » e medical adviscis of the learned 1 genllcmnn Lavsae . commended a totn \ cessation from business , wi a change of air , as absolutely neees-ary . It is »; , idtrstood that the hon . member vills ' nourn for a few weeks at Hastings , and will thereafter Proceed to France , and from thence by easy ttiges U ' ltajy . We reuretto leani , from unquestionable authority , that Mr . O'Conr . ell has not only bi'tomo trufeublet . ' n b uly , but that his mind has beco ' tne dejocted in an extreme legrce , and that the conviction ot'tho near appiwch of death , with which the kained seatkman w saM to bo painfully impressed , leaves littio Uo » o of his its COYery , — (? , ' pfo
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^ amine -Tbe Rcr . J . Coshlan , parish prinst of KUaorce in Mayo , seeing ! 5 , 880 people , of which . . is parish is composed , dyinc hourly before hi ? eyes , in the Agonies flf hunger , or of disease generated by starvation , and having no other earthly m * ans of saving his parish , from ntterextcrmination , from amidst the death scenes by which he is surrounded , as a last resource , invokes in the name of Hearen , any charitable gift wbich benevolence may bs enabled to spare , to save , ere too late , the remainder of his flock from famine , pestilence , and death . Any contribution to arrest this overwhelming misery wilt be immediately forwarded , if paid to the Western Branch of tho London Joint-Stock Bank , GO , Pallmall . . Bad Mohet . —Counterfeit crowns and half-crowns , well executed , have lately got into circulation . They bear a head of Queen Vietoria , are dated in 1844 , and are brighter in appearance than the genuine half-crown .
Litkuart Pbize . —The Rufsian government has succeeded in obtaining , at Pekin , for the price of 30 , OOOf . ( £ l , 5 GO ) a copy of the two vast Buddhist collections , forming 1 , 392 volumes , known as the Gandjour and Dandjour . Skinb . —A vessel arrived in London from the Cape ot uoou Hope has brought an exceedingly various cargo of Bkitn , including some of Roats , buffaloes , » n' gcrs > the rhin ° e eros , nnd other animals . A « orb . —A new play by Alexandra Dumas , called if . lime Margot , which was performed a fow dayg 8 in . cein . P »« s i * so long aa to oecupy ei ht hours and a half in representation .
bcouNDitKui—A s regards speculators on the starvation of the poor Irish , it may be useful to make it known that frauds in Indian meal for shipment are becoming rather common in America ; the fraud consists in grinding tl . e corn and cob together , in tho first instance—then kiln drying the produce , again grinding it , so as to make it resemble pure meal aa much as possible . Yankee Bombast .- Silsbee , the American comedian , in one of his farces , ssys that tho United States are bounded on the north by tho aurora horeali ? , on the east by the rising sun . on the west by the horizon , and on the wuth by as l ' ar as they choosB to g » . Wobkhocsb Schools—There are upwards of 706 workhouse school * in England and Wales . . Coal—A single block of solid coal has been raised ^ France , of the extraordinary weight of 5 , 000 ft .
Tub GnisAT Wbuibbh . —U ia stated that the gove . nraent is negotiating with the owners for the purchase of the steam-ship Great Western . The BitiKPLEas—Out oi the 3 , 000 barristers named in the law list , it is said that not more than 200 are sufh ' ciently employed to earn a respectatle maintenance . Womb than Floooino . —A punishment used in the French navy consists in hoisting a man , to whosa feet weights have been fastened , to the mainyard of his ship , whenco he w allowed to fall into the sea . He is then drawn out by the rope attached to him , and either dismissed or subjected toa repetition of the punishment , according to the nature of his offence . This punishment is termed the cwpde cale mouilft . Vrut Trub—Dinner long deferred maketh the heart sick .
As Industrious Womuj . —Talk , indeed , of pantomimes and gaudy shows , your processions , and installations , and coronations ! Give me , for a beautiful sight , a neat anil smart woman , heating her oven and settin g in her bread . And if the bustlo does make thosian of labour glisten on her brow , whore is the man that would not kiss that off rather than the plaster from a duchess ?— Cobbeit . Rouoh Method of Vkntiutios .--Dr . Gregory of Edinburgh , in visiting the poor , used often to begin his prescription by breaking a pane or two of the window with his walking stick , which he made good again at the end of the illness . —Evidence of Dr . R . TiVAV , before the Health of Towns Commimon . Wiulks , —Last week the islanders of Eday , Orkney , captured , out of a large fl'ick of whales , 149 . in Fierceness B : > y , after very little trouble . They bare since sold them in town for £ 216 . The " bottle noses" are vevy fat at tlm season , and the above lot is thought to be a good spec for the purchasers .
Opkmxg op Nkw Oxford strbbt . —On Saturday evening the thoroughfare ot New Oxford-street was opened to the public . Death of Mn . Wiujam Astbix , M . P . FOR Bed * FOHnsuiRE—This venerable member of the Lower House died on the afternoon of Sunday , at Evertonhouso , aged 73 , after a brief illness . ZZZZ The Late Mcrdkiut Daoknham . —The government have issued instructions for the prosecution ef Sergeant Papons nnd tho other constables belonging tn the K division , for alleccd perjury committed hy them in their cvuler . ee before- tbe coroner when he held the inquest on the body of their enmrode Clarke , wh <> , it will be remembered , was found in a corn field murdered in last June .
Jknnt Lim—Jenny Lind has finally arranged to come to London and sins ; at Her Majesty ' s Theatre , Mr . Lumley giving her an indemnity auainst all actions for breach of contract with Mr . Bunn . The bstt ' e in the comb wiil therefore be fouyht , if at ail , between tlie two managers . A MATEOR PKRFOBM ASC ES AT TnE Si JaMKs ' sTiIBaTBK . — Two performances hy distinguished amateur * are to be "iven at the St . James ' s Theatre . It is stated that Mrs . Butler will sustain the principal characters , but no othar member of the profession will be included in the casts .
Death of Mb . Hall , thb Publisher .. —This gentleman breathed his last on Sunday , after struggling for some time with the most severe suffering . Ilia name , together with that of his partner . Mr . Chapraan , lias been for many years associated with the most successful literary works in thu department of fiction of tho present day—thnsq of Mr . Charles Dickens . The success of the " Piokwick Papers , " which were published by Messrs . Chapman anu UaH , nave them a celebrity in their profession , which has since increased .
'Ihe New Model Prison . —This , prison will be finished , for tho detention of persons remanded from police office ;) and awaiting trial , on the 25 : h inst . It contains 1 , 000 separate cells to keep persons entirely apart whilst under detention . Liberation of Convicts . —It is said that liar Majesty ' s pardon is about to be extended to a great number of convicts at the hulks at Woolwich , whose sentence to hard labour has nearly expired , and whose ftxo'iinlary conduct hus recommended them to the Royal clemency . —Globe . Nkw Church , 'St . Gkohor ' s , IIaxover-squars . — A new church is about to be erected on the south , or Piccadilly , sideof the parish of St , George , Ilanoversquat'R . Thk Ci'CKoo . —On Monday morning the voice of the cuckoo was repeatedly heard in tlie plantation of Markeaton , near Derby .
PonTUouESE SoLDii : HS . ™ -The Times correspondent describes the Lisbon volunteers as no better than stai'R soldiers , and dressed-up supernunicra'y candia snuffers . Nkw Cosve . vt . —A piece of land in Far Park-lane , Loughborough , has recently been purchased as a site for a convent . Thk Jew a Dealer in Swim , —On Saturday last , at Fhaftesbury market ,, a J « jw of the name of Marcus Lewis exposed four pigs for sale , and after ( jreat laughter among the dealers , he ultimately sold them for two pounds—the first instance we ever heard of an Israelite dealing in poik , it being also his sabbath dav .
A Long Word . —The " Alluemeine Zeitung" informs its readers that a society has been established in Hull for discouraging tight lacing . 'Ihe German editor pleased to inflict on this harmless association the following formidable title : — " Jungcfrawnzim * mmhrchtchwindtuchttoedtvLMj $ -g ( genverein . Otherwise the " Anti . killing-younK . womon-by . a-lingeringdeath-socictyi . " Force of tub Sea . —A retaining wall © f solid mnsonry on the Chester . iwmI Uolyhead Railway , at Penman Mawe , has proved whollv insufficient to
withstand the shock oP the sea , and tha general opinion seem * to bo , that no seawall can be depended upon , whith baa not a good slope and an elastic body . Tub I&kctric TBitltawrii . —The Lordi Chancellor has refused to grand an injunction against Nott ' a clectrio-telegraph . It ha » been susi « c 3 l * d that NTr . Hydo Slarke ' s electro telegraph compelling machine can be worked in connection with Note ' s system , so as to make it a printing telegraph . A co ' mpany is being formed to work Professor Mewe ' s American printing telegraph in this country .
Editorial TncviAu is Canada . ^ -TIic oditorof the 'J Toronto UerslU" excuses binisolHor tho non-pub-Itcation of a recent number of hjs paper , on the ground that the paper on whielfck was to have been printed , after- it had been wa » down in the usual manner , lm&beon frozen into a solid mass , and could not be used , until it was tha \ w < i ; Ansunix&AW .--Tho Paris . Court of Cexsatian Im ucoided that a person who . was once a Roman Ca * . tholic clergyman , but has fi » many yoara been a Pro * tcstant , cannot marry . Shus your Moutii . —Xhft " Now York Tribuiia , " alludiag to the fatal consequences which often occur from , inhaling steam wiaon a boiler bursts on boarii ; i steiUM'boat , veconiirtomli all steam-boat travellers to reraembur tho ftAlo-win . L' a < lvi » e : — " Keep , vouC laonth shut when she boiler bursts . "
- - Scotch "W i 8 Bi ) M . —The Scottish formers twe substituting beans and turnips on the land hitherto employed for potatoes . , „ , .., " What ' s in a Namb ? " —Surely there something in a name , when the inventor of a new custo * describes it ns the Idrotobolic Hat ! Kxr-wwiox op ¦ Portahi . k Gas . —1 he Baron D ' Aitcut , a French g « ntloinan , Inst his life at ttio , on tilt ISili December , owin . n to the bursting of a vesseleontainin * portable Sjis , with which his servant was feeding a lamp . Tho unfortunate gentleman was in . bed when tho explosion took place , and was burnt and scaldnl from head to IVot .
Tna Guuat Itaumj ltsFORMEit .-vTho Popo l ' ns removed some of thq irraullins regulations to which iho Jews of UvUW iwe been , su bject time out 9 , mind .
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THE HERALD OF REDEMPTION . Isle of Man : W . Robinssn , 60 , Athol-street , Douglas . This ( monthly ) publication is the organ of tlie Leeds Redemption Society . In January last" the society numbered 600 members . Although , the orsan of the society , " the Herald , " says but little of its movements , the MarcS number has no " report of progress . " The February number did not reach us .
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131847 mrrr . » r ^« m , THE NORTHER N STAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 13, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1409/page/3/
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