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ci uarKet jfnnted by DOUGAL M'GOW'AS, of 16, Great Vi mlmi»-
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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¦ ^ P —K ^—¦ —¦ y ^ y hu * h money" to Russia . The lloose of Commons , by tffirining the resolutions before it , wou'd strengthen the bands of the executive < : < ivcrnni 2 nt in cn = e of difficulty ; but this was no question ot peace tmd war . Amongst the advantages of a \ f hi ^ government was this disadvantage , that wtonvvcr It was inclined to anything l \ ke a job it was snre to be supported by th" opposite side , ¦ whereas , amongst the disadvantages of a Tory governaient was the advantage that wherrver it was similarly inclined it was rare to be resisted by those in opposition . Lord 3 Russell would on thfc occasion be supplied ny those opposite , b « t be warned him and the majority iih . mi . bt support Mm . that thl . was a ™; « ' ~ qnestion , of which the Eng lish peop le wooM not lose
8 Sim str , WCly ronWcd the — , ion of S .-= ?^ S StSSswisars of ^^ n -. —ifit ™ therrtreat of « , !* . » and of va . tonWf it « as a . fen of moral and m . tc-r » I hoccanceni __ j . art the . tliree Powers been about ! ( Hoar , hear . ) Why did « t ' ev not soo ' > nterfcr { ' ?—w' > y did they n-. t tfp the c < - > l in 'be bu-l t—why did they suff r it to crown np unMi-r tii' -r < ves !—why did they not arrest the progress « f iV-pr » vi'y ? What was the mcaninc of th « 'ir protection ? what had been the n ? e of the Protectorate ( Hear , hear , bear . ) Would EurI nd be justified , alter thirty vears , in comins forward in tin- face « f Em ope and ravins to the Ionian Islands , "You are fu'l of conspirators-you are a den of moral and material buccaneers , and th > -ref re we will destroy your independence w « -
will -xtiusuisb your liberty . " And yet this act , gross and fli 2 " ant at it would he , wuld not be a more ut-ju-t . or a more monstrous violation of the Treaty of Paris than th » seizure of Cracow was of the treaty of Vienna , ( Hear . hear ) Th » y should remember the promise of the Eroper t Alexander ' s , aptly quoted by the hon . member for P nttfr ct . The Emp ror said , resp ctinfr Cracow , " This ci- shall enjoy tranqnillity and peace , by consecrating it * tlf to the arts , to industry , and t » commerce ; itsh . ill rcni-. in as a monument of magnanimous policy , ¦ which has placed your independence on the very spot where tbr ashes © f tue best of your sovereigns reprse . " Magnnninvms policy ! Well , between that magnanimous policy and the mercy of decision , he almost agreed with th ¦ noble lord the member for Lynn , who thanked the three Power « for that mercy of decision . But the two
combined bad nop&rnllel in the history of the world—not even in that" Prince" whom he feared oth / r Princes had to * much followed . Nothing like it , he repeated , was to Ve found in history ; they must bo for an example to the annals of fable—to the example of Semiramis , who suckled and then attempted to debauch Kinvasl The three Powers misfit be said to have suckled Cracow , and then to have destroyed her . Bat why did ( hey destroy her t The solution was to be found , net in the State of Cracow—not by reason of her den of brigands—not in her being the f > ras of conspiracy , but in the events which had occurred in London , in Paris , and in Madrid . ( Hear , hear . ) History , which had recorded the triumphs of despotism , marked her most decisive one when the friends of freedom were most divided . The consequences of the late misunderstandings were similar to what had
ocean ed in 1835 , when there was some difference between France and England on the subject of Spain . lie believed that if the difference between France and England had not occurred on the Spanish marriages , that , not . withstanding the plots and cabals which vsere , sa . dto exist at Cracow , the independence of that city would h ? . Te remained undisturbed at this moment , and that , not withstanding , they would have attained by legitimate meins the perfect security o their own territory If the pood understanding had continued between France and England the three Powers would have used their hands , but findin ? it otherwise they used their hon s . ( Hear , bear , ) He would venture to implore the noble lord the member for Tiverton to renew that entente eordUlt , and to resume that intimate alliance . He called upon him to
do so for the mtrrests of civilization , for the sake of public order , and for the sake of the continuance of peace . ( Hear , hear . ) He called upon him to do so , not merely to prevent the recurrence of actions such as this , but in oMer to prevent a re-action , in order to ensure peace , in order to extinguish those smouldering ashes of war whu-h were stilt alive , and which flashed forth the other day the whole length of the Appenines , from Genoa to Calabria—and which might there , as well as elsewhere , cause more serious demonstrations . ( " Hear , hfar , hear , " and cheers . ) He was convinced that if that entente cordiaU was re-established—if these two great constitutional governments would really and effectually act together , their protest would against so untoward an event would be much more valuable than the interest on the Ricso-Oatch Loan ,
Mr DisBAELt lamented as much as any one could do , the downfal an 4 partition of Poland , but the question now before the house bad nothing to do with that event . The partition of Poland had " ceased to be a political catastrophe , and must now be recognised as an historic fact . " Cracow was an Austrian town at the commencemint of that struggle , which the treaty of Tienna was designated to terminate , and it bad now became an Austrian town again . Against its becoming so both France and England had protested , and new the House of Commons was called upon to affirm the protest presented by Lord Palmerston on behalf of this country , and to punish one of ' the parties charged with having had a hand in the act complained of . He maintained it to be a principle of public law that the violation of a particular treaty inserted into a general treaty was not a
violation of the general tteaty . This had been decided by rcei " second to none , '*' and on more occasions than one in reference to the treaty of Westphalh . The relation of a pait calar to a general treaty was exemplified , in more modern times , by the conduct of the King of Holland , at the time of the dismemberment of the kingdom of the Netherlands . Honourable members seemed to think that Cracow had been left , by the treaty of Tienna , as a last homage to Poland , and that the loss of its independence was the extinction of the last remnant of that kingdom . lie regarded it as the greatest insult that could be off red to Poland , to say that so insignificant a state should be erected as a homage to a great , though fallen , monarchy . He had no sympathy with a race of twenty millions that suffered themselves to be partition % d . If they were a great people , as some
believed them to be , they would have produced great things . Had they possessed a great national character , they would net hate been enslaved . A high national character saved Auttria in the days of Maria Thirssa , ¦ wh en it was threatened with partition by a band of conspirators , at the head of whom were the king and republic of Poland . The disturbances which every now and then agitated Poland did not originate with the people , wko were better off in their present circumstances than they were under their ancient and national rulers , but with a banished and fallen aristocracy , who long enslaved , and at last betrayed their country . It was with these aristocratic conspirators that so many of the liberals of this country sympathized—by encouraging whom they were endangering the peace of Europe , whilst
they were doing anything but promoting the interests of the Polish peopls . On a former occasion , when Lord Palmerston was foreign minister , and when a similar proposal to that now before the house was made in reference to the payments in question to Russia , the noble lord insisted oa paying toe money , and on that occasion one of his strongest supporters was the honourable member for Montrose , who gave a hearty vote f « r that payment . The honourable gentleman then voted that whits was bhi-k ; and now that he had , some fifteen years afterwards , screwed up his courage to make a white speech , and to give a white vote , he was , as he ( Mr Disraeli ) understood , about to show the white feather . He was clad that the noble lord still adhered to the propriety of continuing the payment of the money , and in doing SO the noble lord would have his support .
Lord Palmist : n said that the discussion divided it . self into two parts , whether the suppression of the City of Cracow was a violation of the treaty of Vieuna , and whether the extinction of that free territory absolved Great Britain from the continuance of the payment of the Russo-Dutch Loan . Notwithstanding the ingenious arguments of Mr Sisrael ; , he insisted that the annexat on of Cracow was a manifest violation of the treaty of Vienna . As to the argument founded on the case of Belgium , he maintained that it was not valid , because tha separation of Bel gium from Holland was agreed to by all the five great powers , who signed the convention of November 1831 , to that effect . But while persuaded that the extinction of Cracow was a violation of the treaty of Vienna , he objected to the declaration of that
opinion by a resolution of the House of Commons . Therefore , as he could not give the first resolution proposed by Mr Hume a direct negative , he would meet it by moving the previous question . With respect to the resolution t * withhold payment for the future of the Russia-Dutch Loan , he could not assent to it , because he believed that in honour we could not release ourselves from our obligation . The moral strength which this country derives from its strifct adherence , not onlv to the Utter , bat to the spirit o treaties , was incalculable , and therefore nothing should , be done that could possibly impair that moral power . The noble lord having moved the " previous question , " appealed to the " parliamentary judgment ot Mr Hume not to press the resolutions to a division .
Mr J . O'Conxell deuounced the " blood-stained Mbitebkich" and " the execrable monster Nicholas . " Mr Ucme confessed that in this instance discretion was the better part of valour , and withdrew his mo . tiiin amidst loud cheers from Lord George IKntinckand his friends . The Marine Mutiny Bill was read a second time , and the House adjourned at a quarter-past one o ' clock WEDNESDAY , Maucu 17 . HOUSE OF COMMONS . — The house met at twelve o ' clock , and previously to the discussion on the Factory Bill had two divisions , by which the consideiation of Mr Waddington ' s Rnting of Tenements Bill , and Sir J . Parkinson ' s Juvenile Offenders Bill—both of which stood for a second reading that day—was postponed ; the first to the 3 lst , and the last to the 24 < h iust . The postponement of the first measure m * u carried by a majority of 87 over 39 ; and that of the latter by a majority of 33 over - ' 9 roices .
Sactobt But . —The order of the day for going into committee on the Factories Bill was then read , whereupon , Lord J Rcssell presented a petition , signed by 092 Vo ^ Li * pinBers and manufacturers of Lancashire and V u l " faTour of thc hiu - of mah ^ M ^ " se ! ltea a P eti ' < " » from certain lessees tfmilb w » th water-power , stating that they were under
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oUizations to pay certain rents , predicated upon the supposition that they would have twelve hours ' use of the water-power per day , and that if they were limited in the use of it to only ten hours , they would be unabl * to meet their engagements . On the motion that the Spcatar leave the chair , Mr PENjnsToCN , after giving a history of the rise and progress of the opinion of Parliament respecting this bi ll , denounced it as a measure which had been introduced to its notice under a false title ; for instead of limiting the hours of labour of young persons and females in factories , it was a bill to limit the extent of adult
male labour . Having endeavoured to show that former 1-eiflatiou on this subject had not been beneficial , either to the operatives or to their children , he went over the old ground ! of opposition to this measure , startup , that it would expose the operatives to a tax of IGJ per cent , on their wages , and that it would Rive to foreign competitors au advrantace of 30 per cent , over the English manufacturer . He then called the attention of thehouse to the nature of the proposal which he was authorized to make to the supportprs of this bill , and which Lord J . Itussell had lait night characterized as feasible B y tl . is bill it was proposed that no female or joung person hould work more than 59 hours in the week . The
master manufacturers were willing to agree to that enactment , provided they were allowed to work three days in the week as much as 12 hours a-day , confining them , selves at the same time not to work for two consecutive days more than 20 hours . If that proposition , which must be carried out by relays of workmen , were adopted , th <> masters were inclined to relieve that the productive power ef the country would not be impaired . He , therefore , proposed to postpone the committee for a fortnight , in order that ihe manufacturing interest might have time to consider this proposal , and to say Ay , " or « 'N .. » to it . A prolonged discussion took place on this motion , in the course of which , Mr Bright repeated his former objections to the bill , and complained of the silence of Lord J . Russell , who , though he was Prime Minister , had studiously shrunk from stating any reason for the support which be gave it .
Mr Hindiey deprecated the attack just made on Lord J . Russell , and rnnin < M Mr Bright that , In one ofthedebale 3 on the Corn Laws , he had expressed his concurrence with Mr Cobden in thinking , "Thatit would be an excellent thing if the workmen could have only ten hours labour , and that such a result was practicable if the house would do but justice to the industrious population . " Mr Fielbkn asked Mr Bright , whose attack on Lord J . RuS'ell he denounced as most unjustifiable , whether he had not drawn up with his own hand the memorial
which had been presented against this bill , and to which bad been appended the names of many persons who not nnly had never signed it , but who in point of fact had no existence at all f Having left Mr Bright to digest that question , as he best could , he declared his intention of not giving up the principle of a Ten Houf a' Bill for which he had so long contended , ne then referred to Mr Deanistoun ' s proposal , and observed , that as far as his knowledge went , nothing could be more unsatisfactory to the mestt-r manufacturers than the system of relays which that gentleman recommended .
Mr Bbight answered the question pnt to him bj Mr Fielden by attributing the mistakes in the signatures attached to the memorial to a misprint . Sir R . Feel declared his intention not to support the proposition for postponement after the full discussion which the bill had already nndergoneon so many different occasions . Mr Dennistoun withdrew his amendment . On the question that the Sfeake * do now leave the chair , Lord J . RossEtx repelled the attack made on him by Mr Bright , who was not quite entitled to lecture him for h s silence . I hope that neither the honourable member for Durham nor the house will forget that on one occasion I did assign , very shortly indeed , the reasons
which induced me to take this course ; and if I did not occupy more than ten minutes , the cause of my brevity was the honourable member who has now taunted and thrown reproach upon me . Ho left me no more than ten minutes before the arrival of the hour of adjournment . ( Cheers and laughter . ) The right honourable member for Tamworth also said on a former day that he expected tohear my opinionson the subject : uo doubt he intended that I should have an opportunity of speaking , but be too left me only ten minutes for the explanation of my views . ( Hear , hear . ) He was led on , I dare say , by the course of bis argument further than he intended , and was not able to finish what be had to offer in the time be meant to occupy ; but the consequence was that he allowed me only ten minutes , and that not being
sufficient , I refrained from soliciting the attention of the house ; the hon . member for Durham told me that the sittiation in which I am now placed is a retribution for the conduct I and my friends pursued in 1844 . At that period I saw clearly that , differing as I did from some of my friends , connected with me by private ties , and who might , in the event of a change of government , be connected with me in office , such differences might lead to inconvenience and embarrassmtnt . Therefore , with my eyes open , thinking that a bill of this kind would be a benefit as affecting children , I gave it my support , and I am willing now to bear the inconvenience and embarrassment I three ytars ago anticipated . If however the honourable member means to imply by talking of the retribution , that I was then merely factiously endeavouring
to thwart and oppose the government of 1814 , 1 begtu tell him tha * . such imputationsare easily restored . ( Hear , hear . ) He might be told of great manufacturers , dteply engaged in theAnti Corn-Law League , who said that tes hours labour would be quite sufficient if the Corn Laws were repealed . ( Hear . hear . ) If I wtre disposed to retort imputations , I might urge that they held this langHage merely in order to get the working classes to support the repeal of the Corn Laws , and that now that object is accomplished they have not realised the expectations they led the working classes to indu ' g ¦ . ( Cheers . ) After declaring his conviction that an eudeavour to limit the labour of young persons to hours to which their strength was equal was a perfectly legitimate object for the house to pursue , he denied that this bill
would indirectly limit the labour of adult persons . But even if it did produce that result , the principle on which this bill was founded was not an unsound one ; for it ought to be eur object to elevate the character of the working classes , to give them as much means as possible for their moral and religious instruction , and to afford them as much time as possible to cultivate their domestic affections , and to learn domestic habits . He did not see how these objects could be obtained so long as the hours of labour of young persons were so prolonged as they were at present . He confessed , however , thathe should prefer an Eleven to a Ten Hours Bill , for under euch a system be thought that we should see more steady and equal employment extended through different years than we did at the present moment .
Let us consider next the great question which I admit is raised by this bill—whether you can give this advantage to the sons and daughters for the working classes without , at the same time , injuring the manufacturing industry of the country ! I admit that this is a very large and formidable question . Although the limitation of time may have only an indirect operation upon adults , yet the practical result may be to deprive them of employ , inent and to drive our manufacturers out of the markets of foreign countries and this is a very serious consideration . I must observe , however , in reference to it , that it does not appear to me that the case has been made out . In the first place , I must remark that the question does not apply to the whole thirty-seven millions of our exported rnanufactu res ; because with reference to
a portion of it the limitation to eleven hours is particularly catried into effect . This has been lately accomplished by one of our largest manufacturing houses—Messrs Marshall , of Leeds , who carry on their works for eleren hours in the day , and carry them on , as we may presume , to a profit . We have likewise been told that in many other branches of trade the working people are only employed for eleven hours in the day . Therefore the question , as I have said , does not apply to the whole thirty . seven millions . Besides , let us consider how many various elements there are in the price of the commodity which is sent abroad by us to compete with the produce of foreign manufacturers . Take cotton , for instance . We know there is , first , the original price of the raw material ; then comeB the cost of conveyance
across the ocean , and the commission of the merchant at Liverpool ; afterwards , the cotton is to be wrought into thread , and then into some species of manufacture . Xext , it has to be shipped again and cairied , we will suppose to China , where it is to be sold in competition with goods of French , Swiss , or American manufacture . Putting together all these elements of price , there are few , perhaps not more than one , in which any loss 1 b to be sustained by the manufacturer . I am speaking now of the manufacturer . I will speak afterwards of tbe labourer . In the first place , the original price of the . raw material will not be altered by the proposed change in the law . Next , with regard to wages ; we must suppose that , whatever may be the value of 12 hours , a 12 hour price will be paid for it ; and whatever may be the
value of 11 hours , an 11 hour price will be paid for it . Then what is the part of the cost ou which the manufacturer will lose ? We will lake the amount of a manufacturer ' s fixed capital at £ 100 , 000 ; and I have inquire d of different manufacturers , and they have giien me different statements ; hut I will take one who reckons that the interest on his fixed capital is 5 per cent . ; he calculates the wear and tear of machinery at G per cent . ; oil , coal , tallow , and other articles , at about 12 percent . ; and he adds 1 per cent , for gas , making in the whole 24 per cent , npon the value of his fixed capital , As to wear and tear of machinery , if there is to be a r « . duction in the number of hours of labour , there must be a corresponding reduction in the wear and tear of machinery . In the same way , less oil , less coal , less tallow ,
and less gas will be consumed ; so that at last there is only the 5 per cent , interest on the fixed capital upou which any loss will be incurred . That is to say , with regard to all the other articles there will be no change ; but working a less number of hours , and producing thereby a smaller quantity of manufactured goods , there will , of course , be some loss on the interest of the fixed capital . As far as I can aee , this would be the result of a reduction in the number of hours of work . But on the other hand , we have to consider what has been the state of our manufacturers in past years , and what is their state at the present moment . Let us recollect in the first place , with reference to cotton , that a short time ago there was a tax upon the raw material of about £ 700 , 000 a year . Next there has been , as I believe ,
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" ¦ " and as all those who were in favour ol the repeal ol the Corn Laws believe , a considerable relief b y the recent change in ihis particular . Whatever may be the ulti . ' mate reduction in the price of grain , this at least is obvious , that when the Corn Laws are entirely rapealed thero can no longer be that difference between the valu ? ill this country and upon the continent . Thatconsidera . tion will b < - just the same whether you suppose the general price of corn to be high or low . If the general average we will assume , has formerly been 559 . por quarter in this country , and 45 s . per quarter in France , in future years the average will be nearly the sarae in both countries . If hereafter there should be a general scarcity , owing to a deficient harvest , the French manufacturer will notenjoj the advantage of having his corn at 60 s ., while the Enelish manufacturer is paying perhaps 70 , I hold that this
advnntaee is , at the lowest , equal to £ 700 , 000 a year , ( Cheers . ) I am sure that all who argued with me for the repenl of the corn laws , maintained that our manufacturers were oxpospd to the greatest possible disadvantage in the markets of China and South America , b cause they could not obtain provisions at the price as our rivals in trade ; and aga ' nst this evil we have now effectuall y guarded . Therefore it is my conviction that we have eiven great advantages to the cotton manufacturers , first by the repeal of the duty on the raw material , and next by the repeal of the duty on corn . On wool , likewhe , a few years ago there was a duty , which haa now been removed ; and these are the two great arti . cles on which the bill before the house is to operate . They wera warned that the bill would lead to a reduction o wages ; but from all thathecould learn , the
operatives were willing to run the risk of this . As to the time at which they proposed to mako the change provided for in the bill , he thought the present a time peculiarly well fitted for making the experiment , and bflicved that ifit passed , limiting the hours of daily labour to eleven , the production of the country would be equal to its present production , employment would be more constant , and the manufacturing power of the country would bs ^ morc steadily brought into aetien than now . I cannot look with indifference to the situation of that large portion of the pe' > ple of whom some have said that they seem only born to work , to eat , to sleep , and to die ( cheers ); and in my opinion it is the duty of the State as much as possible to take care that the labouring classes are , in the first place , made aware ofthedoctrinesof their religion ; in the next , that they
should be able to cultivate domestic habits and affections ; and in the third place , that they should look upon the law and the government as their protectors from undue , because unnecessary , inflictions . I confess I do not see how those objects have been attained , or that they are likely to be attained as long as thehoura of labour for young percons are permitted to ba protracted as they have been hitherto . I cannot conceivo how a girt , say of fourteen years of age , after having been employed twelve or more hours in a factory , coming home weary and exhausted , unable to do anythiug but rest in order to be roady for the toils of the next day , can be brought up so as to make either a good wife or a good mother . ( Cheers . ) Therefore , although I confess there is risk , I am willing to incur that risk in the hope of improving the character and elevating the condition of the people . If I am mistaken in my view , I can only act upon the principle which , after the
most serious consideration , appears to me wise , prudent , and proper , lam , therefore , ready to go into a com . mittee on this bill ; and when you , Mr Speaker , have left the chair , I am prepared to vote , for a clause restricting the hours of labour to eleven ; in that shape I wish the measure to be passed ; for while it gives constderable advantages to young persons , it will prove that this house is disposed to do everything it can for the promotion of the welfare and happiness of so large and valuable a portion of her Majesty ' s subjects . ( Cheers . ) The house then went into committee . On clause two ( the Ten Hours' clause ) coming up , Viscount Morpeth intimated that he would vote that it be expunged from the bill . On the motion that this clause stand part of the bill , the committee divided , and ihe numbers were—For the clause ... 144 Against it „ ... 6 G
Majority for clause 87 The announcement was received with loud cheer * , The other clauses were then agreed to ; and the house resumed amid much cheering . The report was ordered to be brought up on the 21 st of April . The house then adjourned .
( From our Second Edition of last week . ) THURSDAY , Mabch 11 , The House of Lords met , and afttr transacting some business adjourned . THURSDAY , MABCHllth . Lord Geoeqe Bentinck moved for a comparative return of the number of deaths which have occurred in each parish in Ireland , commencing the 1 st day of Sep . tember and ending the 1 st day of March respectively . The noble lord believed the government were in possession of information showing that 340 , 000 persons had perished of famine and disease in Ireland , CRACOW . —The adjourned debate on Mr . Hume ' s motion relative to Cracow was then reimmed .
Mr , M . Milnes , who briefly reviewed Lord John Russell ' s speech of Thursday last upon the subject , then maintained that the asBcnt of the house to the resolutions now before it would give additional force to the protest which the government had deemed it its duty to make against the incorporation of Cracow . If the noble lord persisted in his declared intention to move the previous question , such a course would be liable to misconstruction abroad , and would materially weaken tbe protest alluded to . He then adverted to the origin and proceedings of the Congress of Vienna , for the purpose of showing that Cracow did not become a "political body" by the exclusive consent of the Three Protecting Powers . The independence of Cracow could not havecompromised the security of either of their states , and it was in . order
to get a pretext for invading that independence that Cracow became sulject to the most systematic and vexatious annoyances ; amongst which he might instance the armed occupations to which it had n ore than once been subject-d . It was by these annoyances that Cracow was driven into those acts which led to its absorption into the Austrian dominions . All this he conceived to be , to a great extent , the result of a dereliction of duty on the part of this country and France . Had consular agents been sent by these countries to Cracow , on the occasion of its first armed occupation , the misfortunes which had since befallen it might have been averted , andits liberty and independence might have been permanentl y secured . Lord Palmerston had intimated that a consular agent would bo sent thither , but neither he , nor his successors in office , after
that intimation was given , had carried it into effect , and he trusted the noble lord would explain to the house the circumstances which prevented him from carry , ing his formerly expressed intention into execution . The atrocity of the act , whereby the independence of Cracow was extinguished , was most apparent when It was considered that all that had been attained by it , so far as Russia , Prussia , and Austria wtre con . cirned , might have been secured witliOHt any violation of the treaty of Vienna . As to the payment of the Russo . Dutch Loan , one of the considerations for which we bound urselves to that payment was the adhesion of Russia to the general arrangements of the treaty of Vienna . It was undeniable that Russia had disregarded some of the more important of these arrangements , and with the violation of any of them our bargain to pay the money fell to the ground .
Dr . Bowring and Mr . T . S . Dbncombe supported the resolutions . Sir R . Inoxus supported the first resolution , as did also Lord Dalmeny and Sir W , Wolcsworth conditionally . Lord Maiion and Lord G , Bentinck strenuously opposed the resolutions . Sir R . Peel had the greatest doubt as to the right of this country to relieve itself from the Treaty of 1815 and the Convention of 1831 ; and if there could be any question of such a right , he doubted the policy of attempting it . It was evident that we had received the Cape of Good Hope , Deintrura , Esequibo , and Berbice as an equivalent for our portion of tbe interest of the Dutch L > an , and it was an express stipulation
that the payment of thc interest shall continue even in the event of a war with Russia . Supposing then that the violation of the Treaty of Vienna was so flagrant ob that we should go to war with Russia , still , he contended , we should be bound to continue the payment of this interest . The right honourable baronet being therefore unable to agree in the practical conclusion recommended by Mr Hume , was prepared to give that portion of the resolutions a direct negative ; and doubtitig the policy of affirming the first portion of the resolutions , he was prepared to meet it by voting for the previous question , although he repeated his opinion that the incorporation of Cracow by Austria was a violation of the Treaty of Vienna , and an insult to the spirit of Europe ,
Sir J . Waish moved tbe adjournment of the debate till to-morrow ( Friday ) . Lord J . Russell strongly objected to a postponement . The debate was finally adjourned to Tuesday next . ( From our Third Edition of lait week . ) FRIDAY , Mabcu 12 , Lord Beougham presented a petition from Blackburn , complaining of the influx of Irish paupcra into England , whereby the ratepayers of this country had very heavy burdens imposed upon thtm . He said that tho Irish landlords wtrs in the habit of paying half-a-crown a head for the shipment of Irish paupers to this country . Several Peers emphatically denied this statement , bat Lord Brougham persisted in the truth of what he had «» i ( l . No business of importance was transacted FRIDAY , Mabch 12 . POOR RELIEF BILL ( IRELAND ) .-On going into committee on the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill
Lord J . Rosseil said , that whilst the government had agr . ed ttiat there should be an amount of ten thousand tons of food always in store where there were no regular markets in Ireland , they had firmly declined to undertake the feeding of the peop le by a constant importation of provisions ; that whilst they had likewise agreed that £ 50 , 000 should bo laid out in the purchase of seed , they had steadily refused to undertake the sowing or cultivation of the land ; and that whilst they also had agreed to propose souw additional assistance to the destitute emi grants on their way fro " Quebec to Montreal , they had refused to bring forward any large scheme of emigration . Having set forth and
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defended these ganeral principles , the noble lord proceeded to give an account of the amount of money expanded and the number of men employed on the relief works . In September and October last the sum oxpeuded was £ 54 , 000 ; in November , £ 298 . 000 ; in December , £ 515 , 000 ; in January , £ 736 . 000 ; in February , £ 944 , 141 ; independent of the commissariat and tho other regular public departments . The number of men employed during tho week ending the Cth February wa 3 615 055 ; the week ending tbe 13 th February , 605 , 715 ; the week ending the 20 th February , C 68 . 749 ; the week ending the 27 th February , 708 , 228 . Such was the rang . nitude of the efforts mado to meet the cnlamity . But while , up to the present , the government had felt
themselves bound to continue the relief works on this vast scale , they were not insensible to the evils that necessarily arose out of such a system . It was impossible to ma"ase such multifarious works with proper regularity ; advantage was taken by persons employed on task-work to give inefficient and inadequate labour : the labourer *! evinced a disposition to refuse the employment offered b y pr rate persons . The government had , therefore , determined to reduce tVo number of persons employed on the relief works aa . rapidly as possible , aiwl the Irish Secretary had written a letter to the Lord Lieutenant to that effect , and also that no farther presentments should be made , unless on special grounds . In oonseqnenne of this letter notice had been given that on Saturday , the 20 th of March , the number of labourers employed on relief public works shall be reduced not
less than twenty per ce . nt . ; and that further reductions should follow until the new system of relief shall come into operation . The government trusted that this measure would enable farmers to procure labourers and to go on with the cultivation of the land . It was not pro . posed to extend to Ireland those parts of the English Poor Law derived from the old Poor Law , which were liable to abuse ; but it was proposed that the workhouse test should be applicable in the first instance , and should the workhouses be full , that out-door relief shou'd nevertheless be given to the able-bodird destitute . He believed that we were on the eve of great changes in the encial condition of Ireland , and he would despair of the beneficial working of this or any of the other bills , unless he felt convinced that class would no longer be arrayed against class , and clergy against clergy , as in past times .
A protracted discussion ensued , in which Mr . 'Stafford O'Brien , Mr . P . Scrope , Mr . Gregory , Mr . D . Browne , Captain Bateson , Sir W . Moleswortb , Mr . Shaw , Mr , Ellice , and Sir B . Hall took part , after which the debate was anjourned until Monday . The Drainage of Land Bill was reported , some amendments made , the maximum of any one loan fixed at the sum of £ 10 . 000 . bh proposed by Sir James Graham , and tbe house adjourned .
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MANSION-HOUSE—The British Motcaz . Ehiqba * tion Association . —The Lord Moyor received recently a letter from a clergyman , requesting his lordship ' s advic upon a , subject of considerable interest and importance to several poor and industrious people in fie parish in which the reverend gentleman officiated . His lordship ' s correspondent wished to be informed whether a society designated as above , and addressing the puhlio ( rom 141 Leadenhall-street , London , posvessed such a character na would justify a recommendation to his parishioners to embrace the terms of its pro « pectus , which professed to hare " the object to render assistance , andfarmafuna to enable the comparatively poor and needy to entente on th « mojt philanthropic and benevolent principle " . " Immediately upon receiving the letter , the Lord Mayor pro ceeded to make inquiries in London and different parts
of the country , as to tbe responsibility of the patties who uppeared to be principally engaged in the association . His lordship , on Saturday , remarked that , from inquiries he had made , he was bound to say that the association was one into which pe pie should enter with great cantioil . Tie solicitor to the association snid , there were several most respectable references which were calculated to show that the institution wns abonft / deone , and that the committee of directors , who were to guarantee the protection of all emigrants sent to Ti-xas , were of unquestionable integrity and h « nour . The Lord Mayor declareH , that he could not see to whom the persons who might he induced toenrirra'e were to look for security . There was no name in tlie prospectus at all known to the
mercantile community of London , and to whom were individunlstolookforthe proper application of the £ 2 , 500 to be placed , as the prespectus stated , in the Bank of England , and to form a ground for a loan of £ 25 to each emigrant ? The gentlemen alluded to as responsible were not tangible . They were beyond the jurisdiction of this country . The solicitor to the association intimated that it would be unreasonabls to draw an inference so injurious to the project from the mere evidence of a small beginning He had himself once been engaged in nn insurance company , which in commsncinR was not able to pay any one . and it was , at the present time , flourishing . The Lord Mayor repeated , that he felt it to be an imperative duty upon him to denounce publicly , schemes for which thi re appeared to be no substantial support .
On Wednesday , Lifut . Lean waited upon the Lord Mayor , and affirmed what his lordship had stated in ennnexien with the above society , adding that th « projects of emigration for TexaB had not escaped th « notice of Her Majesty ' s commissioners , who had issued the following circulir : — " Cactioh bespectujg Emioratioh to Texas . —Emigrants are warned that her Majesty's vice-consul at GhIveston , in adespateh , dated Jan . 6 last , states that from the experience of a six years' residence iu Texas , he does not hesitate to pronounce that certain statements which
have recently appeared respecting the salubrity of the climate , the fertility of the soil , and the richne « s of the mineral productions » f Texas are preatly exag gerated , and that there is a melancholy evidence of the fact in the misery suffered by many of the emigrants attached to Vie Gorman Emigration Associations . He fur . ther expresses a conviction that if British subjects should be induced to emigrate to Texas , they will probably en counter sickness and destitution . By order of her Majesty ' s colonial land and emigration commissioners , S , Wallcott , Secretary . "
Captain Lean observed that it must be hinhlv satisfactory to his lordship to bo assured that numbers of persons preparing to run the hazard of emigration to Texas had , in consequence of his vigilance , and praiseworthy interference , altered their determination to break up their hom 8 upon so dangerous a speculation . The Lord Mayor taid he felt it to be his duty to obtain tl e most accurate information before he uttered a word upon the . subject ; but h ving heard of the nature and character of the association , he did not for a moment hesitate to denounce it . Since the above statement , his lordship hai received several letters confirmatory of theresultof his inquiries ,
GDILDnALL . —The "Parcel Post" Bobbie—Mr . Aldhousn , one of the superintendents of the Parcel Post Csmpany , a concern started about a month ago , to deliver parcels , with the punctuality of tho post , for only Id ., attended on Saturday to solicit advice . The directors h » cl resigned ; the creditors , or assumed creditors , were seizing the carts and horses in the streets , and it was , therefore , unsafe to send oat about 1 , 000 parcels , which had been collected from the 600 recoiving-houses . Yet their non-delivery might be most inconvenient to persons leaving London . Mr . Aldbouse feared that , if he sent the parcels out , if they wer « not seized by the creditors , they would be embezzled and detained by the guards and drivers , who had deposited £ 10 eneh on taking their places , and would detain the parcels by way
of security for repayment . He was anxious the public should have their parcels , —Sir Wm . Magnay and Sir P . Laurie commended their caution , and recommended that he should send the parcels to the original Parcels Del ' , very Company , As the 600 tradesmen who keep recuvin ? - Iiouse 8 are responsible to the public for a number of parcels which are missing , it was recommended that they , together with the servants of the company who had deposited cash by way of security , should meet and enforce the settlement nith the sufferers , or indemnity from the directors , while they have property which can be reached . It appeared the company was xetin motion by about £ 2 , 000 , collected from persons who sought em . ploymcnt under it ; and who , no doubt , will lose the hard-earned savings of years .
Mr Gough , the late secretary attended on Tuesday , and said he wished to makeacounter . statement relating to the affairs of that company , many of the representations that were made being without any foundation . It hud been said the directors had withdrawn one after the other from the company , whereas he could stBte that it was not true . Tlieve were nine directors , and up to tlio present time five had retired , iu consequence he supposed , of being unaile to pay up the rest of their sharesnamely , £ 215 , to make up £ 250 , £ 35 having been advanced . In consequence ot this there were only four directors left , who found themselves left in the awkward predicament of being thruBt into the situation of
proprietors instead of directors , but who still had not shrunk from their responsibil ty , and were prepared to settle with thc men . The directors were highly respectable parties , with upwards of £ 40 , 000 . Another assertion he wished to contradict , which was that the carts , Ac , had been mortgaged for £ 1 , 200 before they were in the possession of the company , there not being one word of truth in thc statement ; and , finally the men employed had not deposited near half the sum of motti'jf that had been stated in the reports . Alderman Sidney was glad to hear there was some chance of a fuir settlement , and , he had no doubt , tbe press would act as fairly in giving Mr . Gough ' s statement publicity as they had dono those ofthd other parties .
WORSHIP-STREET , —EXTBAORDINABV RoiWERY OP £ 900 worth of Silk . —On Monday , John Thomas Ptdder , porter in thc employ of Mr Mercer , a silk merchant , was charged with having been concerned in stealing two bales of silk from his master ' s warehouse , in Chape Court , Spitalfields . Mr Mercer said the prisoner hud been five years in his service as porter , and had the caro of his warehouse ) in Chapel-court , but resided elsewhere , and no person lived upon the premises , although complainaut himself had a bed there , and slept there occasionally . He went away as usual at four o ' clock on Saturday afternoon , and left thc prisoner , whom ho ex . pected to shut up about five o ' clock , aud to have the warehouse ready for him at niue o ' clock in the morning . The prisoner kept the key , and complainant himself had u duplicate key , and was iu the habit of going to the warehouse , unknown to the prisoner on Sunday mornings , to make au inspection . Last Sunday morning he went about ten o ' clock , aud obtained admission without any
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difficulty , and found the counting-bouse and front premises safe ; but presently afterwards observed that a door leading from the back warehouse into the yard wan open . There were bolts and a lock as fastenings . The yard was surrounded by u wall twelve feet high , in which there was a door opening into a public thoroughfare , but he saw that the bar was across the door , and a padlork in the staple as usual . On examination of the warehouse , in which there were bales of silk of the value of about £ 4 , 000 , he missed two , weighing 600 lbs ., of onanzine silk , and worth £ 900 , property which he had leen th > re safe on the Saturday afternooH . He imme . diately went in a cub to the prisoner ' s residence in Mansfield-street , Kingsland-road . Tue prisoner , he said , wa « very palo at the si ( -htof him , and became much agitated when informed that the warehouse had been robbed
Had na suspicion then of thc prisoner , but took him back with him in the cab to tho warehouse , and sent him to the neighbouring police station for assistance , and afterwords gave him into custody on suspicion . The prisoner took copious notes of the evid . nc « given by tho complainant , whom he cross-examined very ably . The complainant admitted , in reply , that there was a quantity of plate in the upper part of the premises , of which the prisoner had tlie care , besides mon' -y in and upon tho desk in the counting-house , and other propert y , which he might have nppropriated , if dishonest . Sergeant Jubb . 8 II , said he was at the station-house , in Chapel-yard , on Sunday forenoon , when the prisoner came and informed him that Mr Mercer ' s warehouse in Cbapel-court , had been robbed of £ 1 , 000 worth of silk . He went immediately with the prisoner to examine the premises . The prisoner
led him through the door from the warehouse into the yard , and mounting the steps to the dsor in the high wall , exclaimed , " Here is where thoy got in ; this padlock is broken . " The sergeant himself , however , proceed to examine the padlock which was in the staple , and found that it was broken , but was quite sure that the fracture was not very recent , and the prisoner then said that the boy Alfred , he remembered , had told him some days ago that tbe padlock was broken , but he for . 2 Ot to mention it for which he was very sorry . Tho insrtBtor added , as was also stated by the complainan « , thal the dust upon the wall and the jaTd had not been disturbed , and the door in the wall being found barred , it was
evident that the bales of silk , even if thrown out , that they must have been lifted over the wall , twelve feet high , which he conceived to be quite out of the question with property of such weight and bulk . There was no appearance of force anywhere else about the premises , and tbe result of his inspection was a perfect con \ iction in his mind , that the only entry had been through the front door . The prisoner as appeared from a letter found on him , had baen seeking other employment . Mr . Broughton said it certainly was very mysterious how such property could have been conveyed away , but at present there wai no evidence against the prisoner , whom be therefore dis . charged .
Pto ' a Hbad Evidkuce , —On Monday Samuel Palmer was charged with having stolen a piece of beef and half a pig ' s head , in Whitechapel Market . The prisoner was seen by a boy collaring" a piece of beef which lay uponaboird , and was followed and taken into custody and to the station house , where , upon being questioned , he said he had just purchased the meat at Newgate Market . The butcher would have given him an oppor . tunity of escape , but that one of tbe police found tied up inahaadkerchiefin hispscketthe half of a pig ' s head , which must have been stolen some time before from the same shop . The double robbery determined the complainant to pursue the more disagreeable course . The prisoner—As sure as I am a living mas , my lord , I bought both tbe beef and the half-head in Newgate Market of a man that hawks about chtap wittles . Lord Mayor ( to the prosecutor)—Have you got any evidence as to the pig ' s head f Butcher—I did not know it was my property till I went back and found tbe other half in
the shop , and as I had cut it in two myself I knew it Immediately . You se « , my lord ( producing the other half and clapping both together ) , how nicely they match . ( Laughter . ) Just look at that bone , jour lordship , how it fits in where it was smashed , and don't the animal's jaws look as if the breath was coming out of them ! ( Laughter . ) Lord Mayor—What have yeu now to say prisoner ! now does it happen that you bought the halt of the pig ' s head in Newgate Market , when the other half waBljiugin the prosecutor ' s shop in Whitechapel ! Prisoner—Why , my lord , the man I bought it of goes round all the markets , and picks up everywhere , so he might have called in and bought the halt head he sold to me ; but please you , my lord , pigs is so much like each other in tbe face , that a man must be a good judge to know one half of a head from another . I ' m blest if ever I knew one pig from another from looking Iu their faces , and I ' ve seen a good many in mv time . ( Laughter . ) The Lord Mayor tuld the prisoner his ingenuity should not avail him . and sent him to Bridewell for a month .
SOOTIIWARK . —Attempted Suicide . —On Monday Mr . John Sears , the proprietor of an extensive China and glass warthouse , in Blackman-strcet , was charged with having attempted to commit suicide . Policeman 78 M stated , that while on duty that morning in Blackmanstreet , hearing cries of murder from Mr Sears' premises he went in , and on entering the parlour , found Mr 9 Sears holding her husband , who was making tbe most violent exertions to extricate himself from her . Policeman perceiving that Mr Sears had cut his tbroat in two places from which the blood was flowing , and that an open razor was lying on the floor near tha spot , secured him at once from inflicting further injury upon himself , and conveyed him to the station-house . Previously , however , to going there , the defendant expressed his regret that he had not succeeded in his object , and added that
although hv was restrained from it then he should do it tffcctually before long . Mrs Sears attended and stated that about two years ago her husband ' s house in the Lon- ' don-roitil was burnt down , and upwards of £ 2 , 000 worth of property , which was not insured , was totally destroyed . Since thnt event he had exhibited much mental depression , but would not permit her to call in medical advice . On the preceding ni >? ht he slept with a carving imife under bis pillow , although she endeavoured to dissuade him from it . His reason for tfoing so was to use t in case he should be dieturbed throughout the night . When he rose from b , d tbat morning he manifested much impatience of temper , and he suddenly entered thc room where she was sitting with an open razor in bis hand , and drew it across his throat before she had time to prevent him . He was about to repeat the act , when
she rushed upon him , and succeeded in disarming him of the weapon but not before he had inflicted a second slight wound in hig tbroat . Tho defendant , who seemed more composed in his mind when brought before the magistrate , suid that his misfortunes in business in the London-road preyed upon his mind and disordered his intellects , otherwise he never would have attempted such an uct . Mr Cottingham said the defendant mado a very determined attempt at self-deitruction , and that to prevent a repetition of such an act , he should adjudge him to find two sureties of £ 50 each , or be committed for two months . The defendant ' s wife expressed a desire to procure the required sureties immediately to effect hit liberation , but the magistrate advised her not to do so , but to let him remain in gaol until efforts were made to obtain his admission into an nsylum , where by care and attention he would be restored to the use of his reason .
THA . ME 3 . —James Reid , who was formerly a licensed shipping agent , was charged before Mr Yardley . upon an information exhibited by Mr Colemun , clerk to tlieRu . gistrar-General of seamen , with engaging a seaman to ¦ nter on board a merehant . ship , he not being dulj licensed to do so by thu Board of Trade , by which lit had incurred a penalty not exceeding £ 20 . Mr Pclham stated the ease in the prosecution , which he said was instituted by the Board of Trade , under the " Act for the Protection of Seamen entering on board raerchant . vhips . " The Board were determined to 8 C 6 thnt useful law enforced , und to protect seamen from imposition , and for th . it purpose were determined to prosecute all unlicensed persons who hired seamen fir merchant vessels . The d ; - fr . ndant was formerly licensed for one ) ear , but on the licensing duy , in January last , the Board , for certain reasons , declined to renew 'Us license ; but , notwith .
standing , he still continued to carry on his business . He was warned of the consequences . Ho again petitioned the Beard , and his licence was again refused , aud as lie disi egarded . repeated , warnings , this proceeding camo necessary . Charles Beaumont a British registered seaman , was then called , and he stated that on the 25 th February last he was mat by Keid , in RatcUffe-highway , who asked him if he wanted a ship , and u ; ion replying in the nflirmutiye , he was taken on board the Mary , in the St . Catharine's Dock , where he signed the ship ' s articles . Reid was sitting at tbe table , and said to the captain , ' . ' I luive shipped this man . " Reid acted as shipping master for the whole of the crow , and received their register tickets , which ho delivered to the enptntn . Beaumont further said tbat he was hindered from pursuing thc voyage by illness . After further evidence , Mr Yardley convicted the defendant in the penalty of £ 5 and * costs , and in default of payment he would be committed for
two months . MARYLEBONE . —RoBBEat . —On Tuesday , John Gibbs was charged with having stolen two gitatcoau , one lintd throughout with sable of the most expensive description , valued at £ 45 , from the residence of John Todd , Esq ., Nottingham-place , New-road , Bern as Buiford , the butler , deposed that on the 30 th of January , thu prisoner called at the house , saving he was directed to ask for some linen which was to be taken to Argyllstreet . Witness went upstairs to fpeak to his mistress , who knew nothing at all about the matter , and on his return he found that the prisoner and the two coats had vanished from the hall . Sergeant Harri > on , H D stated
that on the 17 th ultimo , thc prisoner and three others were charged with picking pockets , and upon that oecu sion he took down tlie butler , who at once identified him ( prisoner ) as being the person who imd asked for the linen alluded to . He was convicted by the magistrate , and sentenced to one month ' s imprisonment , and yesterday , immediately upon bis hiing liberated , ho ( Ilurrison ) apprehended him for the ufteiiee now alleged to against him . The prisoher denied all knowled ge of the robbery , and said that he was an entire stranger to the west end of the town . The sergeant remarked that neither of the coats hod yet been met with , mi adOoil , that a great many robberies of a similar nature had t . tken place . The prisoner was remanded .
BOW . STREET .-Po&t . Oi-fice Robue » y .-Oii Tuesday , Alfred Tri ce , was finally examined btfore Mr J . irdine , on a clmrgo of stealing a letter addressed to Mr . Hayes , of llenrk < tta . strcet , and containing a cheque for £ 13 . The gentleman who forwarded the cliequa 'it . tended to prove that it wits in hia htmtUvriting ; und this completed the evidence ngaiust him . The prisoner was then further charged with having retained certain other
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letters , which hadleeiTentrusted to him iwlef ^ r ™^ ittcd for Walon both charge . . * '"" * Bumiditllwa . charged b y Mi A Eliw Hester -uvT Ing committed a violent assault , by which , 1 SV - B « ioUS y injured . The defendant and ' eomp ainan , ?' time since became acquainted , a mutual at , w " exmed between them , nnd a correspondence e « rM with honourable views until aboutfive month \ £ ? % * « consequence of some conduct on the part of th ?? fendant , she was induced to repuls « his overtures » w enltedhl . ire , and he , defondsnt , and the S' ^ employ , were in the constant habit of watching forhlr '' the street , and annoying her in ever way . Sincesn ,, " } rejected his addresses , he formed another attaehrnLf Rebecca Clarke , a friend and companion of comt , luinl V Who had also repulsed the defendant , for similar r . i .
, In thnen nn > inni ,, ] 1 If ! -- » r . . . . ll "» OnS to those assigned by Miss Hester , and hiring « ,, , fendant had traduced her ( Miss Clarko ' s ) Character Thursday last , she went , accompanied by Miss Hester t defendant ' s house , to remonstrate with him , when h * rushed apon them , violently Btruck Miss Clarke , called Miss Hester vile names , struck i . er severely on th ' s chest swore he would murder her , and , seizing her round the waist , lifted her up , and attempted to throw hi r over tho area railings , but was lukily prevented doing l 0 b . Miss Clarke , who went to her assistance . Miss Hester became insensible , and had ever since been ill under the care of a surgeon . He called Miss El'za Hester , who an . peared to be very much indisposed , and in so weakl y a state that she was supported to a chair near the bench
togwa evidence . She added that she went in fear and danger of her life from tho defendant . Mis ? Clarke con . finned her testimony—Letitia Hutchins deposed that th « complainant had had leeches applied to h « r chest and « hc was to have half a-dozen more that ni ght . ' Mr Greenwood convicted defendant in tho penalty of 40 a . aid costs , and ordered him to find bail to keep the peace for two months . GREENWICH . —FKioNv .-Hcnry Cornish and Jans Gale , charg « d with appropriating £ C 5 in Bank of England notes , the property of Miss Martha Powell , of Victual , ling Office-row , Deptford , were brought up for final exa . minntion . After hearing witnesses , Mr Jeremy eaid . there hud been no evidence ' adduced to shew that the fc . male prisoner had a guilty knowledge of the robbery . She would , therefore , bb discharged at once . The
malaprisoner was then fully committed to Newgate for trial , and the witnesses bound over in JglO each to give evidence .
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A NOVEL RESPIRATOR . The assertions contained in the following letter contributed by a correspondent to the Leeds Intelli . gencer , throws altogether a new light upon the value of the moustache , which we had hitherto considered as adopted merely tor ornament . The feasibility of the arguments presented below , how . ever , we cannot controvert . Perhaps our medical friends may investigate the matter : — As'the hairs of our heads are all numbered , so the hairs on our faces have a use assigned them by iVori . denee . The presence of a mass of hair overhanging the mouth does act in a similar way as the instrument called the respirator , which modifies the temperature of the air inspired . Any one who has worn a moustache during winter will tell you how much warmth is experienced thereby ; and I assert that in a climate such as this , where diseases of the lungs are ao prevalent and fatal , this natural respirator must be of great importance .
Puthisis . or consumption , is in many . if not mostcasei ,. traceable to a particular event , such « s a severe cold , great exposure , and other physical causes . The hair on the upper lip , when allowed to grow to its full length , is always , during inspiration , filled with warm air , and scarcely any air can be inhaled by tha nostrils which has not , as it were , had the cbill taken off by this m ans . Any one with susceptible lungs , who has worn moustachios , will confirm this statement . In all Cavalry regiments at hsme the mortality from diteases of the lungs is considerably less than in any Infantry at home . In Lendon the Foot Guards suffer more from diseases of the lungs thaa any other regiment in England ; while the Horse Giardsand Lifo Guards , with the same duties and exposure , suffer comparativel y very little . TJbba Majob .
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Destrdciivk Fire . —Aiihose , March 14 . —A most awful fire broke out this afternoon , about four o ' clock , owing to a chimney taking fire in a very populous part of thetowH , which is chiefly inhabited by poor persons . Upwards of thirty cabins have . been burned to the ground ; and were it not for theunexampled exertion of the military of the garrison , it is dreadful to contemplate what might have beea the result . Closb of the Trial op tub TwENtT-KiouT Robbers . —The ' Gazette des Tribunaux' of the Mth , contains the conclusion of the trial of the twenty , eight robbers before the Assize Court of the Seine . 1 welve have been discharged , one sentenced to thfr galleys for twenty years , five for ten years , two for titteen years , one for twelve years , one lor eight years , three for six years , two for five years , and one for five years to prison .
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( From the QazMt of Tuesday , March XG . ) R . Saw . Hammersmith , grocer and cheesemonger— w \ Round , Hammersmith , grocer and cheesemonger — J . Joyce , Warwick-lane , City , corn dealer , and waguuiuoffife kceper-J . G . Fennell , King street , Holborn , child bed . linen , Berlin wool , and perfumery dealer-C . Jariline . Basinghall-strect , woollen warehouseman — R . Parker , New Inn . yard , Old Bailey , carrier—F . Kestcven , Camden . street , Camden-town , builder-G . Hilton , Ilithe , Kent , grocer—II . II . B . Paull , Peckham , Surrey , lodcinghcmse keeper—W . Hayward , Ashford , Kent , butcher-. ! . Hal . stead , Radcliffe , near Manchester , cotton manufacturer —J . Nosworthy , Wam-hester , stockbroker—J . Winder , Salford , bleacher — If . Booth , J . Booth , and T . Booth , Haughton , Lancashire , hat manufacturers—O . Goodwin and T . Gooduin , llurslem , Staffordshire , druggists-R . Gibson , Castle Bromnieh . Warwickshire , grazier-T . Walkden , Mansfield , Nottinghamshire , scrivener-R , Glover and P . Glover , Leeds , dyers-Blizabeth Barrt , Clieltcnbam , lodginghouse-keeper—J . Harvey , Liskeard , Cornwall , assayer-J . Ingham , Liverpool , merchant .
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Import and Consumption of Fobbigs Cork . —A parliamentary return has just been published of the quantity of wheat and wheat flour ( stated in quarters of wheat ) imported into the United Kingdom in the year ending oth January . 1847 ; also of the quantity entered for home consumption in the samo period , tho results of which we annex . Of foreign wheat we imported 2 , 001 , 474 quarters ; of British colonial , 350 , 433 quarters ; total , 3 , 351 , 007 quarters . Our entries for consumption were—of foreign , 2 , 593 , 443 quarters ; British colonial , 369 , 384 quarters ; total , 2 , 902 832 quarters . The quantity of grain , &c , imported from Ireland in the half year ended 5 th January , 1847 , was—of wheat , 73 , 865 quarters : bailey , 47 . 757 quarters ; eats , 477 , 914 quarters ; wheat-meal or flour , 186 , 010 efft . ; and oat meal , 109 , 006 cwt .
CORN EXCHANGE , March 15 . Mark Lane . —At this morning ' s market , there was again a small show of wheat by land-carriage samples from the | lu > nit counties , J and scarcely any fresh arrivall coastwise . The favourable clitinge which the weather Ims undergone since Saturday had some influence on the trade , and tliere was certainly less disposition to buy tlltttt at the close of last week .
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BiRTn . —Recently , at Brundish , Suffolk , the wife of Mr R . Garrard . ofason , beiDg th « fifth goneration . It has two grandmothers , three great grandmothers , and one great-great giandmother j tho latter of whom ii in possession of all her faculties , and not a little elevated «' her singular position . Died . —Imtely , at Llandvfrydog , Angle « a , aged 101 , Ml ' Robert Owen , elater , late of Uodedern , Within u few months of bis death he was able to occompliili tb « urduous ta 6 k of walking twenty miles per day , and n »» in possession of l . is facuHits to the last . On the 3 rd of March , James Wallwork , of Kingstown , Carlisle , aged 78 years . The deceased left au * i ^ widow , 78 years old ; ho was a weaver by trade , and wai employed by Messrs . Dixons for this last thirty . nineyear * . He was lather to John Wallwork . weaver at nerringfg »"' he was grandfather to three , and great grandfa ther to four bojf . Ha lived respected and died lamented .
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auj :, iLiji , in the City of Westmii ^ U % « ' " Oihce , in tho same Street and Parish , for il " lr 0 , ' prietor , FI 3 AKGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., ami publi *^ by ^ iuui , ilBW , TT , of N #% 18 cuiLwtreit , U « nuon-strcet , Walwurth , in the parish of St . M » r . ' - ' ? V n ^ Vv ] .. ^""'? " S ^ Ntf . at th . ) Office , So . ' •> . Oreat V , lndmill-stnet , Huymarket , in the City > ' « ' tt " * mmster . J , Saturday Marek 20 tVi , 1847 . 1 t \\» ' i- ' '
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Itlarfeet Intelligence*
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PROVINCIAL MARKETS . Richmond ( YonicsninE ) Corn Market , Saturday .-We had a tolerable supply of grain this morning . " Wheat sold from 9 s . to Us . ; oats , 3 s . 4 d . to 4 s . Cd . barley , Os . 3 d . to 6 s . 6 d . ; beans , Gs . Kil . to 7 s per bushel . Manciihstbr Corn Exchange , Saturday . —\ o variation has occurred in the corn trade during * tho iveek its general character being as before—firm and stetfdv , but not active . Liverpool Corn Market , Tuesday . —Since tl » ' day sc ' nnijjlit , the arrivals have been large , both from ; . broad and uoastwise . nnd the trade inconsequence has been in a very tranquil state , wheat being without alteration . Leeds Cuijn Exchange , Tuesday . — The reported arrival of grain to-dav is small , but there is a fair fliow from vessels near at hand . Barley is fullv as d « ar . Onts ' and shelling , os well as beanssteady .
, Liverpool Cotton Market , Tuesday . —The inarkiC continues in tho same depressed state as last week , a « 4 the arrival of the Boston steamer on Tuesday , with accounts of large receipts at the cotton ports , and a peneral decline in thc American markets , has produced addi tional Newcastle . upon-Ttne Corn Market , Saturday .-At our market this morning , nc had a We show of "Heat from the growers for which a steady sale was experienced , at an advance ot Is per quarter .. iL ? -, ! ? ,. Market , Saturday .-We 6 W w ell rap . phtd with gram of all kinds . Wheat is in good demand at Is ty 2 s per quarter dearer .
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rowaM 8 THE NORTHERN STAR . u ™» < w > , „ ..
Ci Uarket Jfnnted By Dougal M'Gow'as, Of 16, Great Vi Mlmi»-
ci uarKet jfnnted by DOUGAL M'GOW'AS , of 16 , Great Vi mlmi » -
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 20, 1847, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1410/page/8/
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