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TO THE WORKING CLASSES I
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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My Friends , Do you ever bestow a thought upon the pro unt state of affaire , and do you refer to thf past as an omen of the future ? Do yourecollect that in 1 « 39 , the very faction thatisnow stropgling to preserve a profitable existence by the toleration conceded to the dire necessity of the times , was strong enough , bold enough , and insolent enough , to incarcerate and torture 500 workin » -men for acts which they are now obliged to look upon as significant of forbearance , and for having predicted the very
evils which were sure to result from the system of which they were the upholders ? Do you recollect V : e great powerof the bad old man who now shams illness lest he might not be held responsible for ministerial turpitude , which he ha * been bribed to acquiesce in . and how he tendered the services of 500 , 000 fighting men to put down the English Chartists ? and how he Bounded a blood-thirsty Attorney-General on to persecute us ? and how he hallooed his bloodhounds on the Chartist missionaries ? and how he instllted and sold the trades , and all who confided in him ? Yes—you hare reason to remem .
ber the acts of this assassin of'liberty , and you have reason to rejoice that liberty has outlived hispower . He neverrespectedthe ' feelingsof the living nor the memory of the dead ; and , a § his name is associated with the darkest acts of the darkest reign of tyranny , I don t see any reason why we should respect his infirmity . ' Believe me , my friends , that nothing can be more necessary than the constant recital of the deeds of bad men , it teaches others that calamity does not entitle them to forbearance . Well ; we have ontlived this man ' s power , and we have survived the treachery of the Whi gs—and
must not a party be strong and resolute to have overcome two such enemies ? I write thus to yon , to ehosr you that oar power is incipient ; that , although not confessed , it is active ; and , though not acknowledged , it controls . Behold what a wreck one year ' s famine has made of an ancient aristocracy and old opinions . See how the young mind of every country in the world is waging incessant war against the ' prejudices of ages ! How young America contends against the scions from the root of corruption , which the revolution did not eradicate ! See how the young mind of Prussia
has undermined the irresponsible despotism , and how the northern tyrant has been compelled to purchase the co-operation of France , as a means of resisting the marching conqueror—DEMOCRACY ! And from whence comes the watchword ? Why from England and CHARTISM ! On my return from the Continent last year , I told yon that the despot of Prussia would be the first to bend to the march of mind ; and his constitution , meagre though it be , gives ample proof of his inability longer tolresist . Monarchs never grant what they need not concede , as each concession is a
stepping-stone to pass the ford of KINGCRAFT , and therefore a timely yielding of a little by them is earnest of the demands they anticipate , and indicative of their knowledge or apprehension of coming events . I have often directed your minds to the fact , that no country has a constitution now , and that the present struggle going on alTover the world is for the continuance of those means by which the few may yet lord it over the rnanv , but ,
thanks to the tyranny of the governments , the rule of the few is drawing to a close . Our government , for ages , has been as a young married spendthrift , who was satisfied so long as he could secure enough from dissipation whereon to live , but who , upon the increase of family , finds himself gradually restricted in means , and ^ gradually reconciles himself to comparative degrees of profligacy for their support ; this is called patronage : until at
lengtn his necessities compel him to look upon robberjCas a right , and murder to uphold it as a virtue , as patriotism , as loyalty . These are the necessities which govern the conduct of reckless and desperate men , until at length they constitute the basis of the constitution . What a poor man would , not long since , have been hanged for , a needy tool has often been honoured , distinguished , and rewarded for doing , as is well illustrated bv the Clown at
Batty ' s Theatre . He says , " If the Queen gets drunk she is animated ; if the Duke of Wellington gets drunk be is exhilarated ; if Sir Robert Peel gets'drunk he is inebriated ; if Mr Batty gets drunk he is intoxicated ; but if I get tipsy I am drunk or a beast . *' Now there could not be a more happy or apt illustration of the degrees of guilt attached to the sins of the wealthy and powerful and to those of the poor and defenceless . The time rolls on when factions , now curbed by . the dread of famine , will throw off a
temporary restraint , to insure party ascendancy . "When a general election takes place , Peel will forget his allegiance to Russell , and Stanley will avow his opposition to Peel , his former leader . So , in fact , there never was a period when the dissensions of faction offereda fairer prospect of reward to an united party . Out of the seed of party dissension Chartist strength should grow . Aforetime we were told , that the advocates of mere Chartism would have no chance in the House of Commons , because they had no practical ground to work upon . That charge has faded , however , before the Land and Trades' question , each of which are
important branches of Chartism , while the Buccessofone or both would materially advance the cause of Democracy . Now observe those results which would be sure to spring from yonr union , and be prepared to bear your chains tamely and to bend your necks lowly and submissively , if you are not willing to rtraggle for them . I receive many letters which move me to melancholy laughter . They » y , » "COME AND ROUSE US . " Why , what a reflection ! I sorrow over your wrongs , but . do not participate in your sufferings ; and if those > ho think they suffer unjustly
, and have the TMlwOF nf raAraea in fliaio /> .. » . and have the power of redress in their own hands , continue ] to suffer , the act is their own and not their rulers . I tell you , candidly , that 1 look upon the haughty Whigs a 3 the very fitting rulers for so satisfied a people . There JS something veryjiegrading in the fact of SIX MILLION MALE ADULTS eternally reminding a handful of old women , that they are oppressed , and FRAYING their consideration . During the nights of this week , I have written ' a treatise upon the Land Man , which will occupy every page of the next number of the "Labourer / and if you do
not there see the miniature of the full-length picture which Chartism would present , you have no brains . I have laid down principles Jjhi ch should be advocated in Parliament , and £ ! f lL advoca cy would be the advocacy of the PEOPLE'S CHARTER ^ as you cannot possibly separate social from political rights , and I defy SSi ™™ * redeem y ° P olitical rights until PRICKED ON BY THESOCIAL SPUR . Men don t want the vote to distinguish a member of one faction from another . Men want the vote to help themselves ; and I defy you , ij ^ JK ^ .. "" " * ^ P yourselves therwise than bthe
o y possession of so much raw material as you can manufacture with your own labour ; and I defy you to point out any other raw material than the LAND , out of which you can manufacture that which will exchange for every article of production in the known world . Now , if I wrote a volume , I could not give you a better definition of the Land Plan and Chartism , and yet it will go into one ear and out at the other ; and you will go on . "humbly praying'' to others to do for you what , in twelve months , you could do for y ourselves . Here would be my petition : —
' TtehumblePetilion of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., to the Industrious Classes . ' ' "Shewetb , "That your honourable and useful order *> ave it in y 0 Ur power , within any one year , w redress all the grievances under which poor men suffer , as well as to reform all the abuses „ l which rich men thrive-That b y union you may become too politicly powerfu l for any combination of factions ;
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and b y prudence you may ensure your own social redemption without the interference of those who have a fixed interest in perpetuating your inferiorit y . "That b y abstaining from all sorts of dissipation for one year you might become possessors of a sufficiency of land to insure your political equality and social happiness , while your abstinence would compel your rulers to substitute a moral instead of a vicious system of government . HQCl OV DrUQftnp . f * vnn mav ancnva tr / tu ** Amn
"That your petitioner has just reason to complain of your cruelty and injustice , as he has suffered more than any one of his class from your want of prudence and self-respect . "That your petitioner requests your honourable order to seek such employment as will remunerate you from the free . exercise of free labour , and enable you to educate your family , instead of allowing a system of slave-labour to cast many of your order upon the taxes wrung from the industrious , and submitting to that degradation which is justly attachable to a parent who neglects the education of his family .
" Your petitioner humbly submits to your honourable order , that a very , very slight exertion upon your part would enable you to secure the return of twenty members to the Commons' House of Parliament , who would 8 o advocate your rights as to ensure your social happiness and political equality . "Your petitioner , therefore , prays your honourable order to pray to be relieved from your own apathy and want of selfccnnfidence , instead of praying to men who wouldn't listen to an angel from heaven , unless he was prepared to sell his labour cheap , and buy their goods dear . in
"And your petitioner , as ^ duty bound , will ever pray . " Fbabgus O'Connor . "
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NOMINATIONS FOR THE EXECUTIVE . AsHToir . —Messrs O'Connor , Wheeler , Clark , Dovle and M'Grath . Bkhuoxdsot . —C . Doyle , F . O'Connor , T . M . Wheeler , £ . Jones , andDr M'Douall . Bjlstow . —Messrs O'Connor , Clark , Wheeler , M'Grath and Doyle . Birmingham . —Messrs Doyle , Wheeler , O'Connor . Clark and M'Grath . Braford ( Yorkshire ) . —Feargus O'Connor , Christopher Doyle , T . M . Wheeler , Thomas Clark and Philip M'Grath . Brighton . —Messrs O'Connor , Clark , M'Gratfa , Wheeler and Doyle . Bristol—Messrs O'Connor M'Grath Clark
, , Wheeler and Doyle . Camberwell . —Fcargas O ' Connor , Thomas Clark Christopher Doyle , Philip M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler , and Ernest Jones . City op Losww . —Messrs Wheeler , Clark , M'Grath , Doyle and O'Connor . Halifax . —Messrs Donovan , E . Jones , J . West , Tattersall and Row . Hcll—Messrs O'Connor , Clark , Wheeler , Deyle and M'Grath . Leicester . —Messrs O'Connor , Wheeler , M'Grath , Clark and Doyle . Liverpool . —Messrs West , Jones { of Liverpool ) , Jones ( London ) , M'Douall , Lloyd , Sweet and
Donovan . Manchester . —Messrs O'Connor , Clark , Doyle , Wheeler and M'Grath . - Norwich . —MessrsO'Connor , M'Grath , Clark , Dovle and Wheeler . Martlebow . —Dr M'Douall , T . Clark , T . M . Wheeler , P . M'Grath , C . Doyle , F . O'Connor , J . West , and S . Kydd . Sheffield . —Messrs O'Connor , Wheeler , M'Grath . Doyle , Clark and West . Somers Tow » .-Feargu 8 O ' Connor , Philip M'Gratb , T . M . Wheeler , Thomas Clark , Christopher Doyle and John Skelton . SroiDERLAXD . —Messrs O'Connor , Wheeler , Doyle , M'Grath and Clark .
METROPOLITAN . Bermosdset . —At the weekly meeting of members in . this locality it was resolved that a subscription be opened for the veteran Chartist , Richardu , to be continued weekly . Cauberwell . — Messrs O'Connor , M'Grath , Clark , Doyle , and T . M . Wheeler , have received the highest number of votes for the executive . Someb 3 Town . —On Sunday evening last . Mr Philip M'Grath delivered a lecture on " Public Fasts and Royal Proclamations , " at the Bricklayers ' Arras , Tonbridge-street , New Road . The lecture was eloquent , spirited , and instructive , and elicited the applauseof a crowded and attentive audience . Sono . —The Registration Committee met at 83 ,
Dean-street , on Tuesday evening , March 23 , Mr J . Simpson in the chair , when the secretary brought up the report of the sub-committee . The chairman reported that the Camberwell and Walworth friends , as a portion of the borough of Lambeth , had resolved to hold a public meeting in support of Mr Duncombe ' s motion for a repeal of the rate-paying clauses in the Reform Act , It waa resolved that Lawrence Hey . worth , Esq ., Charles Coenrane , Esq ., Col Thomp . S ( | n , Wm . Simpson , Esq ., and Charles Luahington , Esq ., be invited to attend the public meeting at the Crown and Anchor Tavern on the 14 th day of April next ; and that Thos . Wakley . M . P ., be invited to resume the chair on the occasion ; the committee then adjourned nntil Tuesday evening next , March the 30 th .
Wj sstmiustkk . — The Chartist and Temperance Debating Society held their usual weekly meeting in the Temperance Hall , Broadway , on Saturday evening last . The large room of the Hall was crowded to excess . Mr Hughes was elected chairman , and opened the business of the evening by reading the subject for discussion , viz : — " The Influence of Machinery . " Mr Cathie introduced the subject , and endeavoured to show that to the influence of machinery we owe nearly all the comforts we now enjoy ; thstss far from throwing men out of employ it had created a demand for labour of all kinds ; and that the condition ot the working classes generally had been much better since its introduction . Mr Walford next spoke , and in a neat speech contended .
that machinery had been exceedingly detrimental to society . Mr Ashe denied that the working manufacturers were benefited either ia circumstances or morals by the applicatioa of machinery . He did not find fault with the power itself , but with the manner in which it was applied . Mr Irving said that , in Preston , Manchester , Bolton , and other manufacturing towns in the north of England , the upholders of machinery might find sufficient proofs of the direful effects of that inhaman destroyer of infancy and female chastity . He had seen the town of Preston in a flourishing condition ; he had known the time when men working in some branches of the cotton manufacture could earn their £ 2 and £ 3 per week ; whea every house iu the town was inhabited , and when every inmate was happy—but what was the case now * What had machinery done for them ? Why , this . The man who previously earned £ 2 or £ 3 per week could not now earn more than 6 s .
or 7 s . in the same time , and had to do twice the amount of work for this miserable pittance . Mr Trumble replied , and contended that anything which produced mere wealth by lessening physical labour was a blessing , and if it became a curse it was the result of other causes . It was the duty of the people to make machinery their servant , and not their tyrant , and he thought the beat way to do so was to get it into their own bands by means of cooperation . Mr Bowler denounced machinery as a decided opponent to the best interests of the people . Mr Bater next addressed the meeting in a brief speech , after which Mr Cathie rose to wind up the debate , and in a clear and masterly speech refuted many of the arguments advanced by his opponents . Mr C . sat down amid much applause . The chairman tlien announced the subject for discussion next Saturday evening , viz , — " The best means of appropriating the Land for the benefit of the People . " At the close of the meeting several new members were enrolled .
Wkstmmsier . —At a meeting of the members of this locality on Sunday evening , March 21 , the following persons were placed in nomination for the executive for the ensning year : —Fearcus O'Conner P . M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler , E . Jones , S . Kidd , t ! Clark , and C . Doyle .
PROVINCIAL . Bk . ston . —At a meeting of members on Sunday last , the case of Mr Richards was brought before the meeting , when it was resolved , that he be invited to spend a few weeks in the neighbourhood , several friends having volunteered bis maintenance . Eight
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shillings were collected tow \ rds his expenses . Mr Linney has kindly consentel to visit any place within twent y miles of Bilston on receiving three days' notice , to get up a gocft benefit for Mr Rfchards . Crotdos . —At a meeting held at Mr Loveday ' s Temperance Hotel , Surrev-street . on Monday evening , a numberof persons resolved to joinfte National charter Association Mr T . Fro 3 t was itected subtreasurer , and Air Wm . Hodges , sub-secrecy . Manchester . —People ' s Institute , March 11 . —Mr Grocott opened the meeting bv reading Mr O'Connor s letter . Mr Marsden , from Preston , then commenced his lecture , by observing that society in all ag T " . l ) een based upon an irrational foundation , T » io selSsh ignorance o » mankind added to endless inr ..::.. — .. _ n _ . * ' * _ _ _ _
fractions of Nature ' s laws ; these infractions had caused the downfal of nations . Rulers and capitalist * had invariabl y combined against libeity , and when the people were wanting in virtue and intelligence , they became serfs and slaves . The lecturer , after describing the abominations of Feudalism , and the evils of the presentsyatem of Mammonism , concluded an ar gumentative and eloquent discourse , by showing that Co-operation , waa the grand lever for the elevation of the people . Mr Rankine and Mr Cooper followed with a few remarks . The proceedings were altogether instructive and interesting . Sheffield . —The West Testimonial Committee met on Saturday evening , in the Democratic Ternperanco Room , Mr Thomas Peacock in the chair ; when , on the motion of Mr Royston , seconded by Mr
Holmes , the follow ' -ng resolution was unanimously agreed to : — "It is with feelings of deepest regret , that this committee view the present aprthy of the people , as shown towards one of their able , if not the very ablest advocates , vh ., Mr John West , a man who has been persecuted and prosecuted , both by his employers and the government , and has made sacrifices that have come to the knowledge of this committee , which , in their estimation , justify them in making an appeal on the behalf of Mr West ; and to endeavour , by subscription , to present him with a testimonial of their respect and gratitude . " After the isBuingof collectingbooks , the meeting adjourned to Saturday . March the 27 th , at 8 o clock . Tavistocs . — The Chartists , and shareholders of the Land Company held , last week , their annual Tea-party in the Temperance Hall , which was tastefully decorated for the occasion . The temperance band was in attendance and discoursed excellent
music during the tea , a ? also during the publio meet , ing . After the tea party , which was most numerously attended , and gave general satisfaction , the public were admitted to the Hall , and Dr Smealy , being called to the chair , opened the proceedings by ably illustrating the six points of the Charter . Mr R . Hole and others having addressed the meeting , in eloquent and forcible speeches , the chairman introduced Mr Ernest Jones , who ( the audience containing a large numbsr of the middle classes ) entered into a full and able exposition of the injustice they ( the middle classes ) were , conjointly with the upper classes , inflicting on the poor , and the remedy for the latter , contained in the Charter and the land . The address was hailed with frequent bursts of applause , and , after the usual votes of thanks , the meeting separated with three cheers for the Charter and tbe Land , highly delighted with the evening ' s proceedings ,
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FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . Bradford . —Members will meet to-morrow , Sunday afternoon , at tho large room , Butterworth-build . ings , at 2 odeck . f A » Ti ^ r ^ ? w T eetin swiil be heldat the Hall , 9 Last-street , Walworth , infaTourof a repeal of the ratepaying cUnses in the Reform Act , on Wednesday April 7 , 1847 . Chair to be taken at 8 o clock . Covbnibi DisiBicr .-A meeting will be held on ruesday evening , March 30 tb , at balf-past 7 . at the infant school , Greyfriars-lane , to adopt the National retition . Uoii .-The Chartists will meet at the Ship-inn , Church-lane , to-morrow evening , at 6 o ' clock . rw ?*™" -r I !? r J - F -Mnden will lecture at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-street . on Snmlav
evening next . March 28 th . Subject :- " Natural ana KMr * commence at haif - M « CHEsiEB .-The shareholders at the People's Intitule an requested to meet on Sunday afternoon , at 2 o ' clock , on business of great importance . piS ? 5 i ^? w ^ Mr . Qaaianl will lecture at the SS -k Wlllte -i ' ? I' 8 trect ' Tue 8 dtty ™ xt at 8 o clock . The committee for getting up Mitchell ' s late benefit , are requested to attend . Rochdm . 1 ! . -The CharttBt Council will meet next S A '" S' ? ° W- in their ™>» in Mi " SSLtL ^ S ? rt . l S - Bal 1 wil 1 **» Place onstreet y ' st RooiD | Y » rk 8 hire Sheffield . —An address will be delivered on Sunday evening next , in the rfomnnmtw . T « n « a .....
room . Subject : "TheGovernment . Plan&SEZ tion . " Chair taken at 7 o ' clock . WijiEi . D 8 . _ a Concert will be held at the Weavers-arms , Pelham-street , on Easter Wednesday at 8 o clock , in aid of the iunda of the Eastern Philanthropic Society . The "Sons of Freedom " Ih ;; ra < £ Un £ ^ er o , ? nday « at 8 o ' clo «* . »* the S-fiAr ^ , The Silk Weavers' branch of the tio ^ k d * / s 80 Cmtl ? nwil 1 meet on Saturday , the 27 th instant , at 9 o ' clock , at the White-hart nare-street . Soho . —Mr John Skelton will lecture at 83 , Deanstreet , on Sunday evening next , March 28 th , at CivKionT ° Cl 0 Ck > SubJ 6 Ct : "ifcWWdw Thb Lat j Public Farce—The committee apointed to get up the tea party at the Whit * Conduit House-Uvern on the 2 tth inst . will meet fttthe office , 83 Dean-street Soho , on Wednesday evening next , at 8 o clock , when all who have tickets or monev relative
thereto , are especially requested to attend . Towbr Hamlets . —The shareholders bava passed a resolution approving of the next Conference being held at I / owb » nds , onJulylst .
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METROPOLITAN . Cambbrwbil an » Walwobth A numerous meeting of this district of the Land Company was held at Harrison ' s Assembly Rooms , East-lane , Walworth , on Monday evening , March 22 . Mr C . Wild was called to the chair , when a discussion arose on the merits of two , three , and four acres of land , during which Mr 0 Connor ' s letter to a Plymouth correspondent was read amid much applause . During the debate a Mrs Barton took out two shares ( two acres ) , declaring that from her knowledge , derived from following agricultural pursuits , that a man , his wife and family , could obtain an excellent Hying from two acres of land . The discussion on these points gave the greatest satisfaction . This was followed by a discussion on the merits of the National Co-operative Benefit Society ,, as an auxiliary to the National Land Company . The society was greatly approved , and several persons immediately enrolled . This thriving district holds its meetings every Monday evening , at the above rooms . '
Lambbih District . —The following resolution has been passed : — " Resolved , that as a subscription of 3 d . per week from the 12 , 000 members comprising the Land Company , would in one year amount to nearly £ 8 , 000 , we hereby call upon the directors to suggest , to the members immediately to commence paying into the Bank any sum , even a penny a week , and as much more as possible ; but that interest shall not begin until the sum amount to 20 s . paid by any person , and that the Company have the benefit of the money so paid until that time , and then interest , at three and a half per cent ,, be paid upon as many poonds as any person may hava paid in , andr in the event of any member of the Land Company not being able to pay up his share , and who shall have paid twenty shillings , the sum at which Interest u proposed to be paid , shall have the option either of taking the interest proposed , or in payment of his unpaid share . "
PROVINCIAL . Ashtok-csdbr-Lyhk . —At tho last meeting of shareholders the following resolutions were passed : — "That the offer made to persons not shareholders in the company , with small capitals , will open a wide field for persons who have taken no interest in the welfare of the company , and draw very largely on Mr O'Connor ' s time and energy , to tho detriment of the working classes . "— "That we consider the Land Purchase Department » f the Bank should be confined to those already shareholders , and who can find the money to purchase 20 , or any number of allotments , and thereby draw off the competition at the Ballot . "
Bibwsoham -At a meeting of No . 3 Branch , Birmingham district , Mr Greaves in the chair , a resolution was passed repudiating and denouncing the article in Chambers' Journal , against the Land movement , which resolution was ordered to be forwarded to the Messrs Chambers . A resolution was also passed approving of the publication of a cheap periodical m connexion with the Land Com-Rnr ^ ° n Pare h * 8 heen appointed agent for tbe National Cooperative Benefit Society .
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Dbvohmbt . —Uessrs Doyle and Clark lectured In the Dockyard school room , on Thursday evening , on the land and the Charter . A r .. o ! ution was carried , approving of the Land Society , tad expressing confidenccin th « directors . . v , H ° h 5 T- '~ l 2 Monlay evening , a public meeting washeM inthc Lecture Room , for the purpose of considering the subject of the Land and its capabili ties Mr Russell was elected to the chair , who in a neat 8 peech , nxed ; theattention of themeetX the subject for consideration . The assembly " „ 5 £ ouently addressed by Messrs M'Grath and 'G Wheeler , who ably dieted on tho objects , principles ' and progressofthe National Land Company ? & copies of the rules were taken , and upon the whoK may be safely presumed that tuion good will be done by the meeting . Manchester —A correspondent says— " The land movement is goinga-head here ; theEenoraloue » tmn *^^^ " ^ "'
is , 'What do you think of Mr . O'ConnoV « Tand soheme ? If , a stranger was to visit our Land-office and pee the numbers that come to take up shares and seek information upon the subject , he would be astonished . For notwithstanding tho present depressed state of trade in this town and neighbourhood , the third section bids fair to far outnumber the two preceding sections . It now nuafien something like 100 shareholders , who hold attb&tt them 150 sbare » . Even this last week there hiPSea upwards of 80 shares taken up . This , takeMcorinecttqtHutn the faot that we have 28 of purlarRecottpn mills standing , and many of them have been bo for thirteen weeks , and upwards of seventy working from i to I days a-week , it is , indeed , truly surprising , and is but another proof that the people are in advance of their rulers . "
Rocbdalb . —Messrs Donovan and Dickenson lectured here last Sunday . Shotlbt-Bbidgb . —Dr M'Douall has lectured here to a large audience , who were muek gratified by his able discourse . [ We cannot print reports written with black-lead pencil . —En . N . S . ) Tim . icoui . irt—A branch of the Land Company has been formed here with every prospect of shows ! i ? u en £ ; fwo . 8 hari 8 were taken at the tirst meeting . The following officers were elected . G . Glasgow secretary ; A . Robertson , scrutineer ; W . McBeatb . treasurer ; and five of a committee . Wblton , Northampton . —A publio meeting was held at this place on Monday , the 22 nd inst ., for the purpose of forming a branch of the National Land
Company . The announcement put the quiet little village in some commotion , the squires and farmers not much relishing their new visitors . By 7 o ' clock , the place of meeting , a large barn , was filled to overflowing , as the labourers came thronging from the surrounding villages . The men of Daventryand Norton came in a body with music , and Mr Smith , of Welton , having been called to the chair , opened the meeting by reading the bill , which stated , that the meeting was called "for the Purpose - of the Trial of Tihotht Grab-all , the Iand-toUer , on the capital Charge of Robbery and Murder . The wit ness will be the Labouring man working on the Parish Road , —from the Workhouse—from the Transport under the Game Laws , ic , &c . Should the
Jury ( the People , ) find him guilty , he will be called upon to show cause why sentence should not be passed against him ; or , if he has an ; friends to speak on his behalf , let them then speak , or henceforth hold their Peace ! God save the people ! " The reading of the bill was hailed with shouts of applause , and the chairman then introduced Mr Ernest Jones , who , at considerable length , exposed the causes and effects of Landlordism , the sufferings of tbe Poor and their Remedy , —and entered into a complete and able exposition of the plau and working of the National Land Company . When the applause with which his address was hailed nau subsided , the chairman
announced Mr Wm . Munday , of Northampton , whose eloquent and forcible illustrations of the murders and robberies perpetrated by the Grab-alls , were received with loud cheers . Mr Parkes , of Buckley , then appeared for the defence , but admitted that his client ' s cage was a very bad one , and his humorous and powerful arguments having been replied to by Mr Jones , and those seemingly in favour of Grab-all refuted to tbe satisfaction of all . the meeting separated after the usual votes of thanks , with three hearty cheers , and one cheer more for the National Land Company . A branch was formed , eight member : ! joined , and ten more signified their intention of joining forthwith .
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OBSERVANCES OF THE FAST DAY . The general fast and humiliation , appointed for Wednesday last , was very variously observed in and around the metropolis . Divine service was performed at all the churches and chapels both morning and evening—and _ more numerous congregations Were present than is usual even on Sundays , The Lord Mayor and other civic functionaries attended the service in St . Paul ' s Cathedral in the afternoon A good sprinkling of thearistocracy attended the Chapel Royal in the morning . The shops were closed , and business of every sart suspended;—the day beine considered a complete holiday by the industrious classes . Greenwich had quite an Easter Sunday look . The steamers poured out their hundreds , and
the railways its thousands , to increase tho holiday thr ong , lhe park was thickly dotted over with gaily-dressed people . Blackheath , with its donkeys were all alive ; the tea-shops were crowded , and , of course , the public-houses were not empty . The hospital too , had hoBts of admirers . The visitors were all from London , the good and loyal folks of Greenwich , 6 c .,. most religiousl y observing the proolamation . The Chelsea and Putney steamers were crowded , and the boats for Gravesend and Richmond had a great many passengers on board . The streets Of the metropohg were thronged throughout the day , the parkB and other plaoeB of publio resort receivins : their full quota ofvi 8 itor 8 . We do not remember a more general cessation from business .
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of Ireland , and ( according to the placard calling the meeting ) of expressing tho opluion that " national calamities are not to be pmented by public fa » t » , but bj « system of government based upon justice and truth , " By eight o ' clock , the large room being filled with a numerous and influential audience , Mr Savage was called to the chair , in the absence of T . 8 . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., who wai to have presided , but was prevented by indisposition from being preitnt . Mr Goodwin Babmbi moved the first resolution , which was to the effect , that the Proclamation for : a general fast , issued in the Queeu ' s name , was a diagrave to iti authors , an insult to the common sense of tbe na .
tion , and a proceeding which , while it was a direct injury to the working classes , could not in the least benefit the starving population of Ireland . He believed that the suffering now endured in Ireland was notio much to be attiibuUd to either a visitation of Providence or tbo want of food , but to ml * governmant and the want of good Institutions . Tho government bad made a mistaketh . j taaftleft oul an " e ; " we should have had a feast instead of a fast . He had great pleasure in propo » ing the resolution . . Mr Ebnsbt Jones rose loudly applauded to second th ' molution , and said the preceding speaker had justly described the Proclamation of a Gentr . il Fast as biaspbemytoGod . At that momtnt the churches wure lighted \ Jp , and the parsons were praying—but wha > text did they preach from t It was said the devil eould
quote scripture to suit his purpose ;—so do the partoat ^ SSbd « q-wight a ChartiaVibr he btlltted tuere na more of the devil in a parson than in a Chartist ; ( Loud cheers and laughter . ) He would then quota from Isaiah e . 89 , where such a fast as this government fast was denouncad , and it was said to the rich : — " Behold , ye fait for strife and debate , and to smite with the fist of wickedness : Is not ibis the fast that I have chosen f to loosen the bands of wickedness , to undo tbe heavy burdens , and to let the oppressed go free , and that ye break every yoke . ' He would venture to say few parsons had preached from that text . ( Loud cheers . ) He had just come from Welton , in Northamptonshire , where he had left a rising branch of tbe Land Company , ( cheers . ) The parsons talked of the Holy Trinity , but in our country villages he generally found nothing but a Devil ' s Trinity—viz . th ?
lawyer , the parson , and the squire , ( much applause : ) well , this trinity generally gave their labourers six shillings per week . No need for appointing a fast-day for the poor after that . Mr Jones then described tome cases of death liy starvation , that bad come under hit Unowledge in England , the recital of which excited a great sensation . The verdicts were , death by starva . tion ; " they should have been , "murdered by tbeir masters , " ( continued nheers . ) Mr Jones then adverted to the causes of the famine , aud the remedy in the hands of the people , ( amid great applause , ) and said , he nas glad to see meetings like the present—they were rallying points—but more was wanted than drinking tea and making speeches . He did not advocate violence , far from it—but if we showed we had the organiicd power as well as the will to enforce our claims , we should get them—not else , ( hear , hear . ) Two hundred thousand human beings had perished from stamtiou in Ireland , The people in that country were known to bo buying arms , ( hear , hear , ) and the consequences was , that tbe
rich grew frightened , and began to subscribe . Had the Irish never murmured they might have died by millions , ( hear . ) The aristocracy encouraged emigration—that waB what the government wanted ; to thin the people by starvation , and decimate the remainder by emigration . Tbey would , then , be strong enough to have it all their own way , ( hear , hear . ) It is true , they had cautioned the people against emigration to Texas , they said there were wild beasts there , and an unwholesome climate , Ay ! Ay ! Texis was a portion of a great republic and though America possessed only a shadow of liberty , even a shadow was dangerous to monopoly and monarchy , ( loud cheers . ) There were wild beasts at home , and a very unwholesome political atmosphere ; and , therefore , if we were to fight " wild beasts , " we might as well fight against the wild beasts at home , ( great applause ;} and ss to the bad atmosphere , a few peals of moral thunder , aud we should Boon clear it of the obnoxious elements of monopoly , ( coutinued cheering . )
Mr Lloid Jones supported the resolution . He came to that meeting tt protest against the mockery of a fast , which was put up as a substitute for just institutions and permanent arrangements for the benefit of the people . It iva < i well known that at this very moment the starving 1 and wretchedly distressed people of Ireland were send' ing wheat , barley , oats , sheep , bullocks , pigs , and every kind of farm produce , from all their ports—sending this food—far better than they ever lived upon at anytime—; at the very time that they were-called-epon to avow themselves sinners , and blame Providence , instead of
bad government , for their misery . This could be only justly described by the term blasphemy . If the government had called upon the rich to give up one day's income , and the working classes one day ' s wages , tbe result would have done more good to Ireland , and been more in accordance with common sense nnd religion , than such a ridiculous mockery . As an Irishman , ho expressed his thanks for the sympathy showed for his suffering countrymen ; and begged to express his admiration of the honesty with which they bad come forward , at once to testify that sympathy , and repudiate tlie hypocrisj of statesmen aud bishops . ( Cheers . )
The resolution was carried unanimously , amid loud cheering , Mr M'Gbath rose amid great applause to move the next resolution , which stated that tbe famine in Ireland was not the visitation of God , but tbe direct consequence of man ' s misconduct—the misconduct of their governments , which , while they made laws for the benefit of the Irish landlords , at the same time reduced tbe people to the lowest possible diet . The speaker said , that in meeting there , they met for the purpose of protesting against a long continuance of systematic mligovcrnment . Tbey had met here this evening to vindicate Almighty God from the calumnies and blasphemies heaped upon him . ( ImmenBecheering . ) What religious man was there present who would assert that it was the wish and will of God to delight in the misery and wretchedness of
Ireland ! He could not reconcile any such atrocious thought with his teltgioua notions . We are told that Ireland existed under a Christian and good government , and yet there was no people on the face of the earth so wretched , so miserable , so down-trodden , ( Loud cheers . ) God is made the tcapegoat of man ' s delinquencies . A » k wh y is Ireland so wretched—ask the landlords the reasou ; they will tell you the fault rests not with them . Go to the traders , submit thb same question , and tbe response will be , "It is no fault of ours . " Interrogate tbe clergr of all denominations , and they roar out with one accord , " We have nothing to do with it ; it ia a visitation of the wrath of Divine Providencefor the manifold sins and wickednesses of tho people . '" Friends , depend on it if you supinely allow God to be the scapecoat , that misery , wretchedness , and destitution , will ever continue . ( Loud enters . ) The injuutice of men marred the blessings bestowed by
Providence . The speaker then severely criticised the govern , ment measures for Ireland , which be contended were exclusively meant to benefit the landlords , and would inevitably lenve the people in tho same wretched , dependent , and starving condition in which tbey now are , there were 5 , 000 , 000 aeres of waste lands rcclaimable in Ireland . Let the government make these millions national property , divide them into one million of five-acre farms , and they would at once place a million families , or five millions of persons , in a situation by which they would he enabled to support themselves in comfort by honest industry . Surely the country which raised , a few years * go , tta sum of £ 2 « , ft 00 , 000 to Bend to the West Indian slaveholders , in lieu ofthelr black bonds , men , could raise £ 20 , 000 , 000 for such a purpose as this , And the lands so reclaimed would yield a rent to the State , thus converting those whom an ignorant , short , sighted system made a burden , into a source of strength nnd revenue to the State . ( Much cheering , }
Mr Moots seconded the resolution , and advoutod a poor-law for Ireland , as a meant of elevating the physical nd social condition of th « people of Ireland . Cbablis Cochiank , Esq ., supported the resolution . He cordially sympathised with the objects of th » meeting , and he entirely concurred in the sentiments expressed in the resolution , by which all the evils of Ireland wen attributed to misgovernment . — ( Hear . ) The greatest sinners in this matter in the country were the authoritiesia Church end State —( laughter)—who , In a country abeunding with raw material , and skill and industry necessary to produce abundance for all , had suffered so much misery to be generated by bad institutions , —( Cheers . )
Mr W . J . Linton moved the last resolution , which declared that ' the Irish people are justified in their endeavoors to obtain such alterations in their laws and in . stituiions 88 mm expedient to them , and that the evils under which both Great Britain and Ireland have so long suffered , can sever be remedied until a Government exists chosen by the people , possessing the confidence of the people , and acting in accordance with their withes , " Mr Linton spoke iu support of the resolution at some length . Mr Whhuk seconded it , and having been pat te the meeting , it was like tho preceding resolutions , carried unanimously , A vote of thanks to the chairman was then given , and acknowledged ; after which , tho meeting ( a numerous one ) broke up st a late hour .
FINSBDRY . A meeting was held on Wednesday evening at the City Lecture Theatre , Milton-street , for the purpose of raising subscriptions for the relief ofofthedeititutein Ireland . T . S . Duuoombe , Esq ., M . P ., bring prevented by illness from attending the meeting , t >« chair wai taken by the BetMrJancb .
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¦ J fei u **^ & J . Z&Aj ^^ &t j-JZ ^ J ^ Tho Cn aibhan said he had to apologise for occupying , the chair on that occasion . He was a German , but waa not wanting in sympathy for the misfortune ! of Ireland . Hehadbeenln Ireland twice , and , from what he had seen of that country and its people , he would even novrba proud to be a citizen of starving Ireland . / Mr O'Cavanaoh , on proposing the first resolution , r \ said that it was no more than a debt due to the Irish to \^\ assist them in tbeir present distress . It was not tht r ^ Ns , fault of that people that they were now depressed . It i ^ ^ W was the result of English mismanagement . A great A y | number of aristocratic names was announced to be pre . \ ' sent at this nueting , but when he looked round he found v \ \ i ' they were absent . ( Cheers . ) \^ He then proposed the following resolution : — , \ fcv
"That tho unparalleled misery , pestilence , and tor . > turous death , now enduring by our brethren in Ireland , V having enlisted oar deepest sympathy and heartfelt vV ^ V regret , and having raiBtd up In our pained hearts * ^ VN ? warm desire to render them all the aid we can , we now >}\ pledge ourselves to Bubicribe to the utmost extent of bur ry means for the purpoie of ameliorating the fearful pbsf- (\ tion ofthat unhappy people , and thus by our influence ) . ^ and example induce others to do the same" ' fa Mr & . ANCV . seconded the resolution , which was unani- k mousl y agreed to . \ Mr Dwave said vrheu the English people complained of the number of paupers who came over to Liverpool , nnd tulked of sending them back , they ought at the saint time to send over the rich absentees to that country , aud compel them to spend theirproperty there . He then moved the following resolution : — ' W lie then moved the following resolution : — W
" That feeling deeply grateful to the generous and > ^ high-minded philanthropists of this country , who haw ^ already contributed to render relief to thOBe in » need , without reference to creed or country , and who , bj \ i their presence here this evening , give evidence of their . * u \ determination still to myport the holy cause in which , ¦ f * they have embarked , we hereby tender to them , our ' fellow citizen * , our warmest thanks , and the lasting grati . tude of those who are anxiously looking across the water for assistance . " : Which being seconded by Mr Caimn am , was agreed to . The Rev . Mr Ticlek said he regretted that a greater number of Christian ministers were not present on such an occasion . Hty'however , hoped all tltose who were present would dotheir duty , and would prove their synu patby for Ireloiid . by sublcribing UberuHy to alleviate the'distr es * In that country . " . » •' : He then moved the third resolution : —
"That the Committee of this Society shall not even , after this demonstration , dissolve ; but , on the contrary , having this evening explained its object , and placed bofere tho public its reasons for appealing to them , still continue its periodical sittings and meetings , endeavouring , to the best of its power and resources , to collect moneys , and transmit them to Ireland , at least until some plan of permanent and efficient relief shall be adopted and actad upon by the Legislature . " Which , being seconded . by Mr Jat , was agreed to . Mr Ernest Jones then came forward , loudly cheered , to propose the next resolution : —
" That overpowered with heartfelt gratitude at the prompt , decisive , ana energetic benevolence of the people of the United States of America , in their spontaneous and unsolicited aid to the poor peasantry of Ireland , we feel language inadequate to give names to sensations of gratitude to this noble and independent people ; betokening , as It does , to the nations ot the earth , whether afflicted with distress caused by providential calamities or Internal Impolicy , that tht re is a great and magnanimous people on our globe , ever-ready with hope , succour , and consolation in tha hour of aeed , calling forth the overjoyed thanks of this meeting , tho lasting gratitude of Ireland , and the admiration of the world . " The resolution was seconded by Mr Harral , ani . un . animously carried .
A vote of thanks was then passed to the Northern Star , and liberal ptets , which Mr E . Junes acknowledged , and the same compliment having been paid to the chairman , and to the proprietor of the estahlishraentfor the gratuitous use of the theatre , and a very considerable collection having been made , the meeting separated .
NATIONAL HALL , IIOLBORN . On Wednesday last , a public meeting was held , " to take into consideration the present unfortunate condition of Ireland , the causes which have led thereto , and to protest against the compulsory observance of a general fast . " Soon after the hour appointed for the moeting ( 2 o ' clock ) , Mr T . Cooper was called to the chair . The Chairman addressed the meeting at considerable length on the subject ; which had led to their assembling there that day , Mr Hyde then came forward , and concluded an
address of some length , by moving a resolution to the following effect : — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , the present lamentable condition of the Irish people was to be attributed to the political and social misrule and injustice to which for many years they had been subjected , and which in their operations have caused the mass of the people to fee dependent on the lowest description of human subsistence , the failure of which for the last two seasons has produced misery and wretchedness unparalleled in the history ot that country . " Mr Moore , at some length , seconded the resolu tion .
Mr h . Jones coincided in statements put ferth ia the resolution which had just been proposed to them , and contended that they weie now witnessing the results which centuries of injustice had produced in Ireland , and that England was heraelt paying the penalty of giving her sanctum to many of those iniquitous proceedings . —( Hear , hear . ) As to what had been said of tho bad conduct of the Irish landlords , he , for his part , did not think that they had been sufficiently blamed . —( Hear , hear . ) Ho would remind them that it was only now , when the Government had to come forward with money , in consequence of the misconduct of the , landlords , that the latter had been subjected to blame .- ( Hear , hear . ) To the English people the people of Ireland owed a deep debt of gratitude . The resolution was then put and agreed to .
Mr Linton , in moving the second resolution , said that food was not so cheap , nor was work so easily obtained , that the labourers of England and of Ireland should be called upon at so calamitous a period to deprive their families of tho benefits of a whole day ' s earnings . ( Hear , hear . ) He could have understood the common sense of the thing if they had called upon them to work harder , and to hand over their surplus earnings for the benefit of the starving people . That was a thing he could have understood , mt to deprive the working man from earning food for himself and his family , for a whole day , and upon such a pretence as was put forth , was , in his opinion , not only foolish , but was mischievous . ( Cheers . ) He concluded by moving tue second resolution , to the effect— "That it was delusive to attribute the present distress of Ireland to the failure of the potato crop as a retribution of Divine Providence . "
Mr Bainbridoe seconded the resolution , which was tben put and agreed to . Mr Addiscombb moved the last resolution , and in doing so said that occasion would arise when it was necessary for the people to stand forward in opposition to the government . ( Hear , hear . ) He concluded by a resolution to the effect that the government ought to be called upon to render effectual Justice to the people of England and Ireland , and not by suspension oi labour to add to the general misery ofthe country . Mr Miiciiam seconded the resolution , in a short address . Mr R . Taylor ( Common Councilman , ) who spoke from the body of the meeting , said that he begged to express his perfect concurrence in the sentiments whioh had been expressed , and he had the pleasure of telling them that he , for one , had set the proclamation at defiance , and none of his men had , at all events , been cheated of one day ' s work . ( Loud cheerine for several minutes- )
Mr Watson next addressed tbe meeting , referring to the opinion which the late Mr Cobbett had many years ago expressed , of the mischief which would eventually result from a perseverance in the use of potatoes for human tood , and said that dreadful as was the misery which at present afflicted Ireland , if the result ef it could be to put a better kind ot food in the plates ofthe Irish peeple , it would at leaet be some benefit resulting out of tbeir sad suffering . lhe resolution was then put , and like the two preceding ones , was unanimously agreed to . The thanks of the meeting were then given to the chairman , and the meeting separated . THE FAST DAY AT SW 1 KD 0 N .
Roastimo a Shiip . —The people of Swindon , Wiltshire , effected a very benevolent object , on Wednesday last , by giving the poor of Wroughton—a Tillage tiro miles from Swindon—the benefits of pure , practical , philanthropy . It appears that a sum of money was subscribed to purchase a sheeo , which was roasted whole , in a field granted for tho purpose , where hundreds assem . bled to nitnesB the operation . It was put to the fire at ten a . m . At five o ' clock the'dlssection commenced , when it was distributed to the recipients above alluded to . Ample quantities of bread and beer were duly suved ;
not a single subscriber participated in the good cheer , but rendered every assistance to contribute to the comfort of their humble friends . Upwards of 1 , 500 pereons ajsemWed to view the proceedings , and amused themselves with several old English sports . The greatest order prevailed throughout the day ; and much praise U due to the committee for their admirable arrangements . In the evening , a few speakers addressed the meetiog on the " propriety" ef the fasti ( "feast" )—and the assembly then , after giving three hearty cbewe , quietly separated .
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Ethkr at Constantinoflk . -A " Mwoal operation , the patient being under the influence of ether , was performed at Constantinop le on the 5 tli instant . A sailor of a merchant ship had his hip dislocated and his hip bono fractured , and had received some intestine injuries by tho fall of a heavy bale of merchandise , from a crane in which it waa suspended , upon him . Dr Glasoott , ofthe British hospital at Pera , performed the operation with great skill . The man was utterly insensible during tho very difficult , and bat for the ether , most painful s * ttinu if the joint .
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GRbAT METROPOLITAN MEETINGS ON THE FAST DAY . WHITE CONDUIT HOUSE . On Wednesday evening last a Tea Party and Publio Meeting was held at White Conduit House , Pentonville , tr the purpose of protcitiug against the misgovernment
To The Working Classes I
TO THE WORKING CLASSES
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VOL . X NO . 492 . LONDON SATURDAY , MARCH 27 , 1847 *»«* ' ^^^ T ^ ~~~ — — rive shimne . OHtt Si ,,, CMce pci . Qnartei lii # 1 •** _ _ ^ 1 ' ¦ ^^^ W ** " ' ^ ¦¦¦¦ ^ ^^^ SSZI ^^ t— - . ¦— —«_
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* FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . '"" " *** Bermondset . —A public meeting will be held on Tuesday evening , March 30 th , in the Dockhead Chapel , at half-past seven o ' clock , for the purpose of spreading the principles of Chartism , and the means of carrying out the same , viz . — " by the working class becoming landholders . " Some of the directors will address the meeting . Blackburn—Mr W . Beesley will lecture in the Temperance-hotel , Whalley Bank , on Monday next , at 8 o ' clock . Subject : V The Land and Banking Company . " Commercial Road—Mr G . Harrisson will lecture on Sunday evening , April 4 th , at 7 o ' clock , at the Globe and Friends , Morgan-street . Subject : ' Evils of a State Church . "
Bradford . —Shareholders will , in future , meet in the Large Room , Butterworth-buildings . BuRL—To-morrow evening , at six o ' clock , Mr . S . Clark , of Manchester , will lecture in the room over the Waterworks' old office , in Clerk-street ; Bubject . — " The Charter and the Land . " Chobixt . —A meeting of shareholders will be held at the house of Mr W . Wilkinson , 9 , Princes-street , on tbe 28 th inst ., at six o ' clock . Hammersmith . —The members who do not pay in accordance with the instructions of the directors , on or before the first day of April next , will be struck off the Hat of shareholders . District-office , 2 , Little Vale-place .
Hkxham . —A branch of the National Land Company has been formed here , ami the following officers elected : —John Gibson , secretary ; George Nidley , treasurer ; Robert Renwick , sarutineer ; John Hedley and John Nidley , auditors ; Lutlb Town .-A general meeting of members of the Land Company and Charter Association will be held in the Chartist room , on Sunday , March 28 th , at ten o ' clock . Lambeth . —A general meeting will take place on Sunday eventag , April 4 th . Manchester . —Shareholders will meet in the Hall ofthe People ' s Institute , to-morrow morning , at 11 o'clock .
Nottingham District . —Members will meet at the New-inn , Carrington , to-morrow evening , at 5 to 6 o ' clock . Subject : " Budding , Grafting , and other management of Fruit Trees . " Oswaldtwistle . —The shareholders have engaged a room in Duncan-square , Foxhill Bank , They will meet fortnightly , on Friday evenings . Southampton — Shareholders meet every Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , at the Blacksmiths' Arms St Mary ' 8-street . Shoreditch . —Mr G . W . Wheeler will lecture at Mr Taylor ' s , Railway Engine Coffee-house , 122 , Brick-lane , on Wednesday next , at eight o ' clock , p . m ., Subject : — " Spade Husbandry . " Mr T . M . Wheeler will lecture on Wednesday evening , April 7 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 27, 1847, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1411/page/1/
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