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djaittet finteuigence.
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A&tibraU £an& Company
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Correspondence*
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TO-THE-"WORKING CLASSES. '
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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My dear Fhiends , It has always been my stud y to furnish you with useful information , which , if properlyapplie-1 , would guide yon in your various pursuits . The darling object of my life has been to render myself as useful as possible to your order ; while , as I have not lived upon your credulity or made profit of your prejudices , my instruction may have lacked that intensity of interest inspired by the frothy epistles of " writers who pander to human weakness and pardonable susceptibility . i am frequentl y driven to the necessity of recurring to my past predictions , and too often neglected admonitions .
Two grave and weighty questions which yoii imagine are either disposed of or in course of easy settlement , are now in the scales—the question of FAMINE and of FREE TRADE ; and to those I mean to call your attention , as I ^ believe the hour has arrived when your eyes are opened to thebelief that your fortunes and fate may be made to depend , and may be much affected , by matters and transactions in which vou have heretofore
thought you had no earthly concern , isot lon » since you could not be brought to believe that the marriage of a little Spanish girl , the speculation of the Russian Autocrat , or the sensibility of OUR ambassador at Paris , would in : iny way affect your humble fare , or regulate your household . You have looked upon the Jbrm of Government as a kind of magic thing in which you had no other concern-than the elevation of some plausible leader , and his triumph you looked upon as a national victory , losing sight of the fact that , when merged in the representative mass , he was but as a drop of w ; iter in the ocean . Now , attend to my facts : —
In the early discussions on Free Trade , I told you , thousands of times , that it mattered iiothy what law the Legislature might regulate the wholesale price of corn , so long as the importer , the corn merchant the miller , the factor , the baker , and the huckster , had the power of regulating the value of the RETA 1 L LOAF placed on your table . I told you that the manufacturers would find they had "CAUGHT A TARTAR / ' that the shopkeepers would be taucht their folly , and that the unrepresented would be made to bear the weight of the Experiment . 1 told you , and every one of our
resolutions went to proclaim the fact , that Monopoly was unsound in principle , but that we required such an adjustment as would turn the change . to national instead of class purposes . Row , have not those been our sentiments , and am I not truly stating facts for you ? I told you that I did not dread Free Trade if those for whose benefit it was to be achi . ved , were insured the promised advantages ; but—and mark this—what I did dread was the THREE YEARS of revolution and alternati « ns changesandupsets , whichmust inevitablv follow the removal of the kev-stone which
had so long supported the social arch , and upon which everysocial transaction , from the price of Government stock to the standardof wages , was based . I was met by the cry , that increased demand for goods would lead to an increased demand for labour , by which wages would be regulated ; and I reminded you that the foreigner would not take more of our manufactured goods than he wished , but would take our gold in preference , and that the abstraction of that metal would reduce your wages , and compel employers to dispense with your services . I reminded you , that if five or six millions were sent out of the country for food , or if five or Ax millions' worth of food was sunk in the ocean , that the result
would be tremendous ; while upuu tne other hand , if twenty millions' worth of manufactured goods were consigned to the deep , it would be a godsend ; and my intention , in all my writings upon the subject , was to familiarize youwith the difference between the value of product ! ve and non-productive labour , and to teach you the value of the land , from whence you could coin your own medium of exchange for all the necessaries , comforts and luxuries of life : and yet you never would string these things together . This year you have a taste of dear bread and low wages , that has been the first result ; next year you will have a reaction —bread for a SON G , and no wages to buy it with ; and thus you will remember another of mv maxims , THAT CHEAP AND DEAR
are relative terms , and that the quartern loaf at a penny would- be dear to the man who had not the penny wherewith to buy it . Now , fixity of tenure , to enable the farmers to speculate for themselves instead of for their landlords , the total confiscation of Church pro * perty , and its application to national purposes , the equalization of the national debt , the payment to be equitably apportioned amongst those for whose preservation it was contracted , the regulation of taxes and equalization of personal engagements and liabilities to the new standard establishedby FREE TRADE , —all these , one and all , together with many other arrangements , should hare preceded the new order of things ; whereas now they must
invariably follow , and , as in everything else , the Whigs have put the cart before the horse , and will be compelled to do at last what they should have done at first . They always make the gap first , and then look round for a bush to stop it . If I have now brought you to the belief that your comforts may be affected and considerably abridged , nay , that your lives may depend upon that monetary system , of which you have never taken the slightest notice , I have prepared you for the following piece of intelligence . Since August last FOUR MILLIONS OF GOLD has gone to the foreigners for food which you might have produced at home . Now for another fact . Yesterday ( Wednesday ) the great Rothschilds * sent four hundred thousand
pounds worth of their paper to the Bank of England for cash to buy food ; but the Bank , for the first time since its establishment , returned all but ninety thousand . Here , then , is a crash—here , then , is warning ; and if you turn to the Star of November last , you will there find , that , while the Times and the Free Trade papers were speculating upon increastd demand for goods and labour , I told you that the first shock would come from the monetary system ; and is it notso ? All the corn-gro ' wiu ' g countries in the world are now preparing produce for the rich market of the
world newly opened to them , and , as I have often remiuded you , the glut here , and not the price given there , will regulate the price here , and the fanners , now on the high horse , will have their taste of Free Trade next year ; the manufacturers , shopkeepers and operatives are now having their taste . Now , observe wha t must be the next jnove . Russell is mortgaging the Irish landlords to the State , and he is quite right , but , like the reform-machinery Peel , will come in and will say to the mortgaged landlords , " Aow or never , the Irish Church must go or you must go . " °
Which shall it be ? and who can doubt as to what the answer will be— " To with the Church . " It was with this view ; that Lord Lincoln was sent to Manchester as a feeler . Now , all those things will come out of time and when you will have suffered ; whereas , if done in time , all suffering might have been spared , and the idle , non-producing parsons would , by this time , have been partly trained js ploughmen , agricultural labourers , aud so forth .
? Now , one word about the Famine . The Times is boasting what England has done for Ireland , and this morning ( Thursday ) has a very able and powerful article upon the idleness and improvidence of the Irish people ; but the Times mistakes cause for effect . The Irish jue not idle , but there is , in that country , a tax upon the poor man ' s industry , as I have very often shown vou ; for instance , a twiner gets possession of land , but no lease , or * bad lease , and the moment he improves his land he is put out , and , therefore , he hag a
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direct interest in not improving it and in not employing more labour than is actually necessary to keep the hut over his head and grow him enough of potatoes . My answer to this charge of idleness is , that when the Irish people have an inducement to lahour , they work like slaves . For instance , they paye your streets , mount to the top of your buildings , reap vour harvest , from daydirect interest in not hnnroviner it and in not
light to dark , and work like galley-slaves on your railways . Do these facts , then , 'furnish any proof of idleness ? And , as to the boast of English munificence , I merely ask you to take up the import note of all sorts of food from Ireland- for the last three years , and compare its value with the . vaunted grant of ten millions now given to purchase security for the rich in that country and upon whose side stands the balance ? Because corn is
now coming in , although it was predicted that there was not enough in the world to supply , the demand , our rulers foolishly presume that the present stop-gap will put an end to the fazninerquestion and to Irish suffering . Now , working men , my object is to prepare you for the coming ' time , and I tell you that yoaj ^ ve not yet see the beginning of the enafand , as I have told you a . thousand times before , Free-trade is not yet complete , and that the faction who carried the measure prematurely , and before the necessary arrangements to meet it were prepared , have yet to apply the details by which they hope to turn the principle to their own advantage . This will be the next great
battle , and will have to be fought , firstly , out of doors , and lastly , in the House of Commons . One great object of public men should be to take the sting out of events . I am endeavouring to do that by placing as many as possible in a situation to make them independent of the machinations of Jews , jobbers , speculators , money-grubbers , traffickers , and political pedlars , by placing each man in his own nest in the centre of his own labour field ; and to prove to you that I have not overstated the value of this position , I give you the following irrefutable statement , taken from the People ' s Journal of last week , and furnished by the person from whom I have
given you a previous communication upon the subject , and I ask you to compare these calculations and the fascinations of a country life with what I have written upon the subject , and then let the Whistler , the W . C , and the Hirelings , refute the plain and simple statement if they can . Here is the statement from the People ' s Journal : — " Spade IlusBASDRr . —Mr J . Gillett , of Kelsall , nearbaxmauuham , Suffolk , purchased , in the year 1 S 43 , two acres of land , at the enormous sum ol £ &M » , and being fully convinceu of the advantages ot spade husbandry , resolved to abandon his former occupation of grocer , Ac . and turn bis attention to
the cultivation of the iand . In toe spring of 1844 , u
" SOLD PRODUCE . £ s . d . "Milk from Cow 3 34 S 7 i 13 Sacks of Potatoes ... at 12 s 7 16 0 * 9 Bushels of Wheat ... at 9 a 4 10 Vegetables 4 0 0 2 ilogs , Wat . each , at 7 s per st . 7 0 0 jE 67 0 7 i " You see by this statement , thataman with two acres lias no occasion to bu in want of food -r ek > thing , but nijy live comfortable aud happy ( as Gillett does ) , and the time occupied in cultivating
it does not exceed 1-72 days out of the 365 . TliU statement can be fuily corroborated by Mr Gihe : t . who states that he would not return to his former occupation , if any one offered him a situation at 4150 per annum ; he further state-, that if the seasons are tavour&uie this year he shall be able to realise half as much again ; this proves thit the land is capable of maintaining ail the suns ot labour , if but allowed to work . —Thomas . Newman . " 1 ' . S . —1 omitted to state , MrGiliett has a wile and two children . In another letter 1 will sliow how he cultivates his land , and how he gets three crops iu the year off tile -same piece of ground . "
There ' s the statement—not from Feargus O'Connor j and as the People ' s Journal promises another letter from Mr Newman more full upon the subject , buy the People ' s Journal .. and you will read it a week earlier than you could read it in the Star . I am for encouraging every Journal that tells the plain and simple truth about a plain and simple question . Now , here is an answer to two acres uot keeping a cow ; and here is confirmation of my value of the milt of a cow , which I put down , without deduction for the family ' s use ,
at £ 18 os . a year , or £ 36 10 s . for two cows , while Mr Giilett , after his family ' s consumption , has realised £ 34 3 s . 7 iA . Mr Gillett has given nearly £ 120 an acre for his land , aud in less than three years will be able to pay that enormous price , and make himself proprietor in fee ; while the land I purchase will average about forty pounds , that is , three acres for the price he has given for one , by buying it in the wholesale market . And you find that this excellent , industrious man would not accept of a situation of £ 3 a week , to leave his
" C » ld , quiet home , " and labour field . Yours faithfully , Feargus O'Connor .
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ball was held in' the . Socialists' Institution , whio ?' was well attended ; Mr Dixon ( of Manchester ) spoke <> n the Chartenond Land for nenrly . an hour , and gave the greatest satisfaction . SnoKBDiTcn . —Oh Wednesday ' evenine last Mr T . M . Wheeler lectured at Mr Taylor ' s Coffee-house , 122 . Brick-lane , on " The Effects of Bad . Government . " After w hich , a Chartist locality was formed . ' SpwmI " - •• ' « wercentered . ? ' / ' ' SOBO . >> Rsoti ration Committee . — This committee tuck at bo , juean-streeti , Solio , on Tuesday evening . Aprif 6 th " . Mr M'Grathvas called to the chair . Mr Godwin reported that he had made application to some ofthe parochial author ities of Marylebone , and had no doubt that the workhouse yard would be granted for a public meeting . Messrs Grassby and Stalhvood read many letters received from members ball was heM in' iho Snr . i-iHsfV Tnn ' tftntinh . whio' )
ot parliament and others , promising support to the motion of the honourable member for Finsbriry , ami m > m Sir B . llall , Sir 0 ; . Napier , and Captain Fechell , promising to attend the meeting at the Crown and Anchor . Messrs M'Grath , Doyle , T . M , "heeler and Ernest-Jones , were appointed a sub ' committee to draw up resolutions , &c , for the occasion . All the metropolitan localities are earnestly requested to exert themselves strenuously , and to render all the support in their power , to the People ' s Parliamentary Leader , T . S . Duncombe , by crowding the large hall of the Crown and Anchor Tavern , on the 14 th inst . The committee adjourned until Monday next , April 12 th , at eight o ' clock precisely .. ' f owE ^ B ^ Ajtwi * . —Mr , € , Harrisoiu lectured at , the Globe and . Friends ; Morgan-street ^ Commercialroad , on Sunday , Apii . ltW . aTkd gave general satisfaction .
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Alva . —A general meeting of the members oi this branch of the National Land Company was held on Monday evening , the 29 th of March , when the follow , ins office-bearers were eleuted—William Fair , secretary ; Win . Archibald , re-elected treasurer ; John Kinross , scrutineer ; two auditors , and fiTe of a committee . Any person wishing to become members of tne above branch may attend any Monday evening at eight o ' clock , in the Christian meeting-house ! head ot tae Green . All communications for the Alva branch must be addressed to William Fair , West < Ju irter , Alva-by-Stirling . Aston . —At the usual weekly meeting on Sunday the 4 th inst ., the following persons were elected on the committee—R . Pilling , Mark Dyaon , Henry ThOroughgood . George Millington , John Parkin , C . Richardson ; James M'Quiness , president ; J . Leecli scrutineer ; Edw . llobson . treasurer . '
Bbtunal Gbhem . —The shareholders of the Crown and Anchor branch approve of the next Conference meeting at Lowband * . in July . Birmingham . —A ttbe weekly meeting of the shareholders , at the Ship-inn , on Sunday evening last , the following resolutions were unanimously passed- — moved by Mr Fussell , seconded by Mr Carland "That the best thank * of this locality are due and are hereby gjven to F . O'Connor , Esq , for his clear and convincing Treatise on the Small Proprietor System : and we recommend The Labourer td all classes , irrespective of party creeds . " "That in consequence of the extra labour imposed upoa the secretary , in connection with the Land Company , he be allowed 10 s . per quarter , as an acknowledgment for his valuable services . " Bolton . —The following officers have been elected
—Garnett , president ; W . W . Pickvance , secretary ; J . Lord , scrutineer ; J . Voze , treasurer ; G . Lindsay , secretary to the local levy ; J . Horribin , libranan . It was resolved to abide by the local levy rule instead of that of the directors . This branch has 135 members , holding 417 shares . AH members wishing to have the benefit of the aggregate ticket , must send in their names and number of share , on or before the 19 th ef April . [ This report , as received , was very badly written . Our Bolton friends are occasionally given to grumbling ; if they will not write as they can be read , we must grumble too . —Ed . N . s . ] Davjcnikt . —A public meeting was held at Daventry on Monday evening . Mr Thomas Webb in the chair . Mr Parkes , of Long Buckby , delivered an eloquent address . Resolutions approving of the land plan were unanimously adopted .
Dkm » t . _ The management of this branch will be conducted as follows iu future ; reading , discussion and general business from six o ' clock in the evening till eight , when the monetary business connected with the land will be . transacted , from eight tilt half-past . me member * are requested to attend a generalmeetmg to be held next Sunday evening , April 11 . isxwio . 1 Hbath . —A brauch has been opened at a Wt ? "i ™ | and * iU raeet afc Mr Whewell ' s , next f ^^ sSS ^ * - two ° ' clock inthe
of thP « h h u P 0 ! t * T Yti 8 ' --At tbe TOWy meeting Sunda ?^ S lder f ^ ld at tne house wMr J «« . ° S I ^' , April 4 ' Allowing resolution were unanimously passod : — "That a levy be laid ^• • h * "W * theLand Company bousing to thw branch , to pay % exoa . nftS o / Df mSsU
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for the services performed by him to this branch'of the Land Cunpahy . That ^ mch Ie *» hn i « ^ Jlili . memte , art tlSSwbra'S iSkSjto fc" £ b ™ SLTzr "'' i ''' " ; ( ' rtli " '" » ' ?» ' * " ' BiSl » ra »™^ ^ FBK ^ ffi ^ ffiELSS-Jllllcia m II i hi
were elected .: —samiic a » Ihb « . iu J B "' SSS ^^ S SnKPPiKLD .-On Monday evoninjr . April 5 the quarterly meeting of the members of the Land Com paoy was held in the Democratic Temperance uZ 33 , Queen . treet , Mt SamueUacbon in the ehS " Messrs O . Leeysley and Ueorge Poules were elected « S' i On ^ e motion of Mr Briggs , seconded by Mr ISicholson , the folliwing resolution was unanimously agreed to :- " That it is the opinion of this branch that it is not only desirable , bs » t it would be permanently better , for the conference to bo held in July than m January ; and , likewise , we are of opinion that our achooMiouses would bo the beat places that the directors could select . " The auditors brought up , their renott . which was voIpA ant iafnnt / ,..,.
m meetin ( w * en adjonrnedi , -. . . Souihamptos . —TJio shareholders approve of the next meeting of Conference being held afc Lowbands , in July next . South London Ham . —At a general meeting of the shareholders in this district , on Sunday evening ast , it was resolved :- "That the Conference be lieid in July next , and that this district recommends a programme of ' all' business to be transacted at the Conference , to be issued at least one month before the Conference meet . " The auditors reported the secretary ' s acoounta correct . Mr Gatliard wa » re-elected as secretary , and Mr Brown as scrutineer A general meeting of members will take place on Suuc ' ay evening , the 18 th instant , to take into consideration the 13 ( h rule .
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FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . Ashtok . —A meeting of members will be held on Sunday morning next , at ten o ' clock in the forenoon . BinjnsonAM . —The shareholders meeting at 111 Rea-sueet , are requested to attend a general meet ' ing at the nb&ve place , on Monday the 12 th instant Every member is desired earnestly to attend . And observe , the members of the Land Company and National Charter Association continue to hold their meetings every Monday evening , at 8 o ' clock at Walter Thorn's , News Agent . 111 . Rca-street ' where the Northern Star , the Labourer , ' and all hther democratic publications may be had . Bury . —Shareholders are requested to meet in their room in Claike-street . on Sunday , April 11 , at five o ' clock in the evening .
Dundek . —l'he treasurer and secretary attend every Monday night from 8 to 10 o ' clock , in the School . room , Fuller ' s Close , Murrnygate , to receive payments and enrol shareholders . Uamfax . —A meeting of the shareholders of the local Land Company will ba holdcn to-morrow in the large room , Bullclose-lnne . at two o ' clock in the afternoon , to wind up the affairs of the society . Htdb . —The shareholders wili meet at thehnuse of Mr John Leigh , on Sunday next , April II , at two o ' clock in the afternoon . Littletown . —The West Riding delegate meitins will beholden on Sunday , ( to-morrow , ) in the Association-room at this place , to commence at twelve o ' clock at noon . Mr Bawden is expected to lecture in the evening at G o ' clock .
Maccleshkld . —A meeting of the shareholders will be held in the Chartist-room , Stanley-street next Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock . A convivial party will be held in the abovo room , on Saturday , May 1 st , in honour of the first location . Tickets Is . each , may be had of Mr Hargreaves , newsagent . M asche » trr . —The shareholders will hold a general meeting , on Sunday ( to morrow ) for the purpose of examining the accounts , ins . The members > ill also have their carua returned to them on that occasion . Chair to be taktn at nine o'clock in the morning . NoRwicn .- ^ inwtin&or the shareholders will take place on Wednesday eveliing , April 14 , athalf-past seven o ' clock , at the Old Library room , St Andrew ' s
Hall . Sauohd . —The monthly meeting will take place on Sunday , April li , at two o ' clock in the afternoon , in the National Charter Association room , Bank-Street GJ 4 nt George-street . Shkffikid . —On Sunday evening , Mr Councilloi Briggs will deliver an address in the Democratic Temperance R' ) om , 33 , Queen-street . Subject"The National Land and Labour Bank . " Persons holding petition sheets are requested tv forward them to the council . Sooth London Hah . —Alecl ure will be delivered by Mr C . l ) . > yle , one of the directors of the National Land Company , at the above llall , on Sunday even ing next , at 8 o ' clock precisely . Subject , "Cooperation : Commercial and Agricultural . " Tower Hamlkts . —Mr C . Harrison wi 11 lecture at the Globe smd Friends , Morgan-stmet , Commercialroad , on Sunday , April the 11 th . Subject , " The Land , " To commence at 1 o ' clock .
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THE CHARTER ANDNO SURRENDER J GltEAT MEETINGS AT MANCHESTER . On Guod Friday the Chartists of Manchester held their annual tea party aud ball and demonstration for the Land and the Charter . The llall of Science was tastefully fitted up for thu occasion , and about 000 sat down to tea , wliicti was enlivened by the strains of an excellent baud . Mr Fenrgus O'Connor on entering was received with shouts of applause , and the public having been admitted , and the hall crowded by an overflowing audience , the business of the evening commenced by the chairman , Mr Smith , proposing the first sentiment , " The People , " which was eloquently spoken to by Mr C . Clark . Tne Onairmau then called on Mr Dixos to speak to the Laud and the Charter , which be did in his usual eloquent and excellent style , and was followed by ,
Mr Ernkst Jones , who was received with prolonged and hearty cheering , and in a brief but powerful address showed the necessity for the workingclasses combining in the furtherance of their rights , before they grew too weakened by hunger and demoralised by slavery to make the attempt successfully . The chairman then introduced Mr Fkakous O'Cox-NOR , who ; on rising was received with bursts uf the most enthusiastic applause , and who propounded to the meeting the position and working ot the Land Plan and the Bank , the prospects of the Charter , and the course to be pursued for its obtainment . Mr Roberts entered at the conclusion of Mr O'Connor's address , and was received as he deserved
to be . lie had just returned from the trial of the mechanics at Liverpool , and gave an account of the proceedings that had taken place . The cheering consequent thereon having subsided , several questions were asked Mr O'Connor relative to the land plan , which , having been answered to the satistact'on of the querists'themselves , the meeting was dissolved after three hearty cheers for Feargus O'Connor , the Land and the Charter , —and the younger portion of the assembly prepared for the pleasures of the donee . The ball was carried on witk great spirit until morning , and the demonstra . tion ended to the delight and satisfaction of all concerned .
Lectures ht Mr Ernest Jems at ins Piopxb ' s IssTHUlB . —On Sunday last , at two o ' clock in the afternoon , the abeve hall was filled by a large audience to hear a lecture by Mr Jones on the Land , the lecturer gave entire satisfaction , and received a vote of thanks at the conclusion amid the hearty cheers of the meeting . In the evening this hall was again crowded to overflowing to hear a lecture on the prospects and tendencies of the Charter * Mr Jones at the commencement and conclusion , of his address was greeted with deafening , plaudits , and frequently interrupted during the course of his leoture by the oud cheats of the audienee . Oldham . —The Chartists of Oldham held their annual tea -party and bail ia their noble , hall , on the evening of Easter-Monday . There was also a public meetings whioh was addressed by Mr Twnlinson , Mr Dixon ot Manchester , and Mr ' Evaest JoneB . The ptoceedmgs were such as isust mwewally tend toaid the great cause of Democracy .
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Mbtropouiak Improyhmbhts . —Preparations for the formation of the new street from the Broad Sanctuary , Westminster , to Shaftesburyplaoe , Vauxhallbridge-road , have beea commenced , and also the demolition of the remaining portion of Upper St Martin ' s-lane , for the continuation of the new street through Leicester-square from Piccadilly and Coventry-street . ¦ «•/> Representation of WssiuiNSiERe—A coalition ton and Col . Evans , and the walls are plaowfde . il i » it& « Vote for Luahington aaiEvanii " "¦ ' '•« :. .., i , ; ¦ , ' i ' ¦
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. . POLAND'S REGENERATION . fpKfsfi ^ isr'K ^ pt i w theab 8 enc Vf the President , E . Jo ! m Esq . ( who was engaged at the Manchester Festival w'ftWr C 3 lledt ( > tIle chair / Md Mr W . Hewitt elected to the vice-chair . A plain -upper had been provided , tue labour ofprepSiS winch md been borne by Mr and Mrs Wkeefer . The entertainment gave perfect satisfaction . « m itt kwiKbeen removed , the chairman opened the busincssof the evening by explaining that s ? waftsas . ar * K fifes s T ^ -aittfBSS *' - —a
—ssitpss 'KeV ^ TaSopS VyhCelei - Mo > ^ e Mr WoECELL ^ natWe oi Poland ) moved the tbanks ol the committee to the secretary / for his zealous and valuable services . He was sure that couldThenS ot lm countrymen be informed of the laborious esertionsol Mr Uaruey they would tender him the expresston ot their utmost gratitude . Ooioi . el Obobski ( native of Poland ) seconded the motion , which was adapted by acclamation . lhe chairman then gave the health of thesecretary wluch was heartily responded to .
Julian Uarnbt said he fully appreciated the compliment paid to him . The words which had fallen irom tkuir Polish friends were very gr . tifying to him , as he was aware that he wis no favourite with the Polish aristocrats . He understood that the journal of the CzartoryBki party , The Third of May , published in Pans , had calumniated him and sought co prejudice the Poles against him , by reprinting the lies and calumnies which some time ago appeared in the Weekly Dispatch . This , however , affected him but little as long as he knew that he possessed the confidence of the Polish democrats . Mr WoncKLLsaid , what Mr Harney had said respecting the aristocrats ' journal , The Third of May was rru « , but it appeared . that Mr II . did not know tuatTAe Third of May had been renlied tn . . ti . «
1 ojish . Democratic Journal published in Franee had defended Mr Harn ..-y , and shewed from some of 1 m abours his Zealand sincerity in the Fuliah cause , and his claims to tho respect and gratitude of all good Poles . _ This defence of Mr 11 . by the Poikh Democratic Journal had not been replied to by Mr Harney ' s eue ies . ( Applause . ) The balance-sheet wa » brought up , and Messrs Gathard and G . W . Wheeler were appointed auditors to examine it , and report thereon at the next meeting . On tne motion of Messrs Gathard and Whitraore , it was resolved that the committee be re-elected . The following new members were then added to the committee . Messrs Gathaid , Stallwood , Whitmore , ( j . W . Wheeler , ilowitt , Milne , JJoo'iham , rtild ( oi Mottraiuj . and Dauiella , editor of the Miners ' Advocate .
On the motion of Mr Wheeler , seconded by Mr Gaughlau , it was lCitilved : — That the beat thttuk ^ of ihis meeting bo given to the Editors of the northern Star , tfun , aud Morning Aditr . tiier , tor the aid rendered by idem to this committee , aud their gtutrul aud valuable advocacy of the Polish cause . A number ot democratic toasts and songs were then given , from the list of which we select the lollowinj- : — By Ar AI'Guath — " Success to the glorious objects of the Demjcrfttio Committee for Poland's Begcneratiou . " By JotuN Haemei , — " The principles ot in © Cracow Manifesto ; may we , in tkeir pursuit , be steady «• time uiul relentless as tho grave . " Bjr tho Chaibman , —Soug : — " Base oppressor * , leave your slumbers . " li ) Mr Mox , — "ilay the crowns of Europe bs converted into ijpe to imprint on the skins of tyruuts the righ t * of uian 1 "
Bjr Q . W . Wheeibs , —Song : — "The Liou of Freedom . " Bj the Cu Aiiituw , —Song : — Loud roar'd the people ' s thunder . " By G . W . WnilLEB , — " A Bpeedy arriral at the poet of Freedom of the oppressed of all uatious , " li ) - MUs Paths , —Song : — " ChnrtiBt cause . " .. By Mr WoHMti ., — " l'he people of all couutries , the world ' s childrtu aud bruthruu . " By Julian IIaknei , — "The healths of Brothsrs Worcell aud Orjorski ; aud victory to the Polish Demo , (¦ nicy . " Alter drinking the chairman ' s health the meeting adjuuimd .
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FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEMO . CUAT 1 U CUMiYiriTEE FOft POLAND'S HEUENERATION .
At a great public meeting held at tho Crown and Anchor , oh the 25 t . il of March , 184 G , a resolution was uuauimouBiy adopted appointing this coniniiUee , " lor thu purpose ot guarding the interests of tne Polish causu , and promoting , by every available means , the restoration ot Poland . " The committee ' s first act was the calling of a public meeting in tho suutu ot London in support of the ablution commenced at the Crown aud Anchor meeting . The committee desired to hold a series of similar meetings throughout the metropolis , but the vant of adequate funds rendered such a course unudv wattle .
On tli © 20 th of May this committee held a public meeting at the Natiuual Hall , ilulborn , as a tribute of respect to tlie memories of thu martyred patriots who fell iu tho iusurrectiou ot tho 2 nd of February , or were slaughtered by Austrian at > sassius in Galheia . Iu tho mouth of July tins calamities published an address to the . electors of Frauce urging tiiera to use their eleutorul . rialits iu the election then about to take place for the appointment uf deputies bouud to emorce justice lor Pound . Tho "address " appeared in theAtt / iV « aiaud /{ i . /( Jrae , audcailedforth tiiO approbation ot tho French Democracy , ami the graielul luuuka uf the Polish Democrats . As regurds the electors ot Frauco , thu audress appears to have beeu fruitless , but bearing miuvndtau corrupt construction oi the Fraiuu electoral body , auy other result was hardly to be hoped tor .
On the 20 cu ot November this committee held a public meeting in commemoration of the Polish lusurrectiun of 1830 . Un the auuouucemcnt of the confiscation of Cracow by Austria , this committee assembled itud addressed to the British people a protojt against that aut of infamy , and an appeal in tjuj > port oi tue rigiits of tho entire Polish people . On the 22 ad of February lust tuis committee held a public meeting ut the Literary Institute ,
John-struet , ) ToUenham Court-road , in commetborntiou ut tiio Cracow Insurrection ol the 22 ud of February , 1846 , when a petition to Parliament was adopted , demundicg tUe intervention uf the British Government , tor the restoration of the nationality uf Poland , and the establishment of the right of the ' Polish people to choose their own politial anil social institutions , independent of foreign or class dictation . The petition was entrusted to Mr Buncombe , ivl . P . lov Fiusbury , and was by him presented io tue liouse of Commons on the llfcaof March .
k is unnecessary to enumerate the ordinary meetings of this committee , as the said meetings have been duly reported iu the Northern Star . Several " Reports of Occurrences iu Poland , and Facts connected with the cause of Poland ' s Regeneration" prepared by this committee have been published iu the Northern Star , These reports preaent a continuous history of Polish affairs ics the past twelve months . This cbinmiUee desired ta publish tha-said reports together with other matter elucidatory of the wrongs and rights ot the Poles in a pamphlet
iorm , to be issued monthly , and uolilliw : one peuay . The attempt was made , and two , numbers published , bub the cemmiUee regret to have to state that the speculation was a failure , aa the return * of the sale of each pamphlet were considerably short of the cost of the printing . This failure the committe * much regret * believing that such a publicatior- would have beea useful in furthering tho objects of tha committee . If hereafter the committee should receive assurances of adequate support , the publication ot the pamphlets may be resumed .
The pamphlets Nos . I % nd 2 , remaining on hand , the committee propose to distribute ou tho first ! favourable occasion . I From the baianca sheet presented with this report it will be seen that no fuuds remain at the disposal ot the committae . Without funds it is obvious that I uo agitation caabft carried on ; pecuniary aid is , there- ' tore , imperative , if this committee is to continue its mission . It must be observed that this coramittoo lias no paiamoiubers ; uo one derives pecuniary beuetit from connexion with "this committee ; every farthing is expended in promoting tho objects for the carrying out oi which . $ ue committee was instituted , the only reward of tue , members being the ' consciousness that they ar « . jftrfapatog a sacred duty . \ In the course of the past twelve months , a number of patriots , ohieflyreiiviwg to Scotland , h . at « 'b e ^ tpie
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7 cnet ' -t < < yi 7 W& / g ^ Rssoointed with thisfiommiWee aa country memtcr * . I'or tku adhesion of these patriots the committal is mainly indebted to tho praiseworthy exertions of Lrother Doyle . The list of members is . however aa > et incomplete , particularly as regards England . It is to be hoped that the leading democrats of every district will ; forthwith , avow their adhesiitn to the principles and objects of the committee , by volunteering their names as members . ! Up to tins time the country members have not been called upon to act , but steps will be immediately taken to secure their active co-operation with . the members residing in the metropolis . Some time ago a member of this committee , WiL liani BeeBley , of Accrington , North Lancashire ! brought forward a plan for the better carryipgdai of the objects of the committee , which plan was ; to the
foUomDg effect ;—That the commit tee shouldappoint missionaries to agitate- the question of Poland ' s wrongs and rights ; that there should be two inis « sionaries cneagea , one a native of this kingdom and tho other a Pole , both to work together ; the Pole , to explain his country ' s wrongs , and tlie Englishman to enforce the justice ami necewity on the part of this country of national intervention in behalf ot Poland ; that the-agitation shoald be eoniroeneed at Mincoester , than propagated through Lancashire , Yorkshire , and the North of England generally , and , bo ultimately extended over the entire country ; that the novelty of ft Polish exile addressing Englishmen on behfilt sf his country would insure largo audiences , and such audiences would willingly affdrd i
such pecunary aid a 3 would-make the agitation selfsupporting . Brother Beesley added to this-scheme tne suggestion ,, that somePoSsh friendshould writs a history of bia-cottfttry , whiebthe committee should publish , in numbers , at a low price ; Passing over the Inst-named suggestion ! for the present , this committee unanimously acknowledge that ; , it practicable , the plan , of agitation- suggested by Brother Beesley would be th » best meang that could be adopted to enlighten the-public mind ' , and woiite-a public opinion sufficiently-strong to- compel the Government to-earry out the generous wiahea of ri ? ffi 8 n P ° P Ie' re ? "ding Poland . But threa K'eat difficulties Btaod in the way of oarryine but this scheme . ' . '•»;
1 st . —The want of funds with whleh to commence , and aid the susUinment of the agitation k 2 nd . —The difficulty of obtaining the services o ? a native of this country , eligible in ever / respect for this important mission . , 3 rd . —The still _ reirter difficulty of obtaining the services of a Pole as missionary . Whether the first difficulty can be overcome will be soon seen by the taanner in which Hie fact tbat tliis committee is without funds , is responded to : The second difficulty appears to be not insurmountable . The third difficuly arises from the faefc that but comparatively few of tlie Poles are well acquainted with thu English language , and still
fewer hare the facility an < i nre at liberty to address public meetings . Possiblj , however , if there was a well-grounded hope that pecuniary means could be supplied to support the agitation , the Poles would make an effort to find in their ranks some one who would devote himself to this great labour . ' 'bat no false hopes m * y be excited in tho breasts ot the Poles , this committee . 'before ongaging . further j nthe matter of the suggested agitation , resolvo to put tho following queries to the country members ana / Wc » d » of the committee : — ) * "T . T ° wbat extent can you guarantee pecuniarv auHo this committee in carrying out a national agitation in behalf of Poland ?
2 nd . —What are your views of the probable success of the missionaries ( if sont out ) in attracting lareely attended meetings ? 1 3 rd . —What are yow expectations as to the agitation in each town Or district being made self-supporting ? r m 4 th—If , in your opinion , the appointment of mfe . sionanes would be unadvisable , what « id can you render to the committee in the way of holding public meetings , and procuring the adoption by tlie public of petitions to Parliament in behalf of Poland V
The above' queries are hereby submitted to all country members and friends of the committee re-Biding m Aberdeen . Dandee , Edinburgh , Glasgow , Greenock , Paisley , Dumfries , Carlisle , Newcastleupon-Tyne , Shields , Sumlerland , Hull , Leeds , Bradford , Huddmneld , Halifax , Barnsloy , Sheffield . Liverpool , Manchester , Preston , Bolton , Oldham . Ashton , Rochdale , Nottingham , Derby , Leicester , Nortnampton , Birmingham , Bath , Bristol , Brighton , Southampton , Isle of Wight , Norwich , Exeter , and all other places in £ * ffland , Scotland and Ireland , whore friends of the cause are to be found willin" to aid this committee . °
Answers to the above queries with as little-delay as possible are solicited ; and , in conclusion ,, tho members and friends of this committee are as ; ain reminded tint no lunda exist with which to prosecute the agitatien , and , therefore , that early and efficient assist ance is necessary to enable the committee to faithfully perform the mission for whieh it was constituted by the public—the advancement of the cause of Poland ' s Regeneration . Ernbbt Jonks , President . G . Julian IUbnet , Secretary .
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CAPABILITIES OF THE LANDj . TO THE EDITOR O » THE NOMHEBN ITAB , SiB . —Beinga constant readerof your paper , Ioften see , under the head of" Capabilities of the Land , " an accouut or what enormous crops may be produced by proper attention to its cultivation—but , as none of those accounts are anything in comparison to the folio wing , perhaps you may find a corner in sour columns for its insertion : — ( From the Vhiuenal Magazine of July , 1 JB 9 > Mr Charles Uilltr , ok' the Botanical GnrdeD at dambridge , gardener , son of Mr Phili p MilUr , whose writiugs in botany « sd agriculture are well known , relates the following experiment on the cultivation of whtat : *—
On the 2 nd June , 1766 , he sowed some grains of tho common red wheat , and on the 8 th of August , which , was as soon as the plants were strong enough to admit of a division—a tingle plant wa » taken up and wa » separated into 18 parts , each plant of wlrieh was set sepjiitatcly . These plants having pushed out several aide shoots by about the middle of September , gome of them were tuken up and divided , and tho rest ef them between that time and the middle of October . This » ecend divitlon . produced 61 plants . Those plants remained : through the winter , and another division of them wan- made between
the middle of March and the 12 th of April , which produced 600 plants . They were then divided no ¦ further , but permitted to remain . The plants were , in genernl ( stronger than any of the wheat in the fields , tome « f them produced upward * of 100 ears from a single root , many of them measured 7 inches in length , audcotitained between 60 and 70 eraiui . The whole number of ears which , by the process before mentioned , were produced from one grain of wheat , was 21 , 109—which jielded 3 pecUs A j of clear corn , the weight of which was . 47 lt > " oz ; , and from a calculation made b ; counting the number of grains ia one ounce , the whole number insght be 576 , 810 )
By this account we find that there was only one general division , of plants made in the spring—bad a second beea made , the number of plants Mr . il . thinks would have amounted to , at least , 2 , 000 , instead of 000 , and the produce have been much enlurged- ^ or he found bj the experiment made in the preceding year , iu whielt the jillinU were divided twice In the spring , that tfcej were ' not weakenod b the second division . He mentions this to show ttat the expsrimerrt was not piulied to the utmost . The ground in which this-experiment was . made it & light blackish soil , upon a g / avelly bottom ,, and consequently , a bad soil for wheat . One-hal £ : Uie ground was very much dunged , the other half was not prepared with dung , or any other manure—no difference was , however , discoverable in the growth , or vi gour eft tho plants , ner was these any in their produce .
Having myself , Mr Iditor , produced more than double'the quantity ofiwheatperasratbanmy neighbours , by dibbling in about one-tenth , tlae quantity of seed ,, I am able to attest that tho-land , with additional labour , may be made to ., piwride sufficient for the wants of tho-whole of m population—andplenty to snare . T . Sxwure . Bristol , iarch % 1847 .
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SIB . -. I annex gart of a coawrsation which t&asc pUee between tT » gardeners ef nay acquaintance , ia my heanug a . few days ago ; to the following « nect ' . — The one gaadener told tbfcofcfeer that he hsd cot four acres ot gsaund f rom a irataer in the neiehkourhoodlot Glasgow for oneyjBar wat £ fi per ac » , oro-Tidta he pawn 40 torn of nwaure-off which around he was to g& two crops o £ cabbage or other Tecetabes-one wop early , th * other late , or wlsiercron . He proposed , as vegetable * Were soarce , andf of course , d « ar or high , to have cabbage iw the former , and green * fer the latter . After thinking a iittle , I was induced , to mako the following calculate , which I beg twwbmit to you * consideration foe- information : aa tQAta accuracy ap 4 insertion , if apjmoved of—KttKM<VBB . '
£ * tatoai manure ( lacluaing c « rl » ge ) l » t 7 » . 6 J . 15 9 Bent ... w « O iHBourfortwo ^ opj , say 5 ? tavt » ft > . do . 69 manure at 5 i . ... V > 0 Tota ) , expenditure per acre ... ... 41 0
BSCEIPIS . 10 manure each , cabbage and grceni ( the present prise for each ty retail it id ., or vrhole-B&leU . 2 d . per dozen ) , lay 60 m » uvir » at J e « cU 195 0 Deduot Mpenditure .., ... , „ n Q Nettgam for one acre ,.. ... , „ ~ B 4 D » . for 4 acres , „ , „ , „ ^ " 7 Wiixiau Rkid . I Glwgowi ¦ Member of tho Land Company ,
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Bilsios . —The friends of freedom at Smithwick . influenced by patriotic and benevolent feelings , have held a tea-party , the profits of which have been handed to me for the benefit of the old veteran , Daddy Richards , as the following note will show : — " K ^ ceived fifom Mr Charles Brooke the sum of 12 * ., being the profits ol a tea-party held at Smithwick—JoSBFH tilHNET . "
Covestkt . —On Tuesday evening last a public meeting was held for the adoption of the Aational Petition . Air Faro , formerly social missionary , moved the first resolution , and explained and defended the principles of the Charter in a powerful speech . MrLUrtlop seconded the resolution , which was unanimously adopted . Mr Buukney , towncouncillor , moved the adoption of the petition , which was unanimously carried . The chairman wai Mr Gilbert , the winner of a two-acre allotment inthe late ballot . The petition will He for signature at several places in tne town .
MKxauFouiAN Committee . —This body met on Wt dntsday evening , Mr Grassby in the chair . Several sums of money were handed iu to enable the committee to give effect to . their intentions . The deputation appointed to make inquiries as to the price of theatres having reported , it was unanimously resolved to take a benefit at the Pavilion , Whilechapel-ruad , on Wednesday , the 21 st inswnt . Messrs Shaw and Cummins were appointed a deputation to engage the Pavilion , and to complete other preliminary arrangements necessary for the occasion . After transacting some other business the committee adjourned till Tuesday evening next , when it is hoped that localities hitherto unrepresented will have their delegates present .
1 ' kwxeb I ' l&ttzb . —Air G . W . Wheeler lectured litre on Tuesday , the 6 th inst . At the close several questions were asked and replied to in a satisfactory manner by the lecturer . On Tuesday next Mr J . Grthard will lecture . Kocbdalg . —On Sunday evening , Daniel Donovan lectured in the Chartist Room , to a respectable and attentive audience , on Irish affairs , which gave great Batislaction . —Oa Tuesday evening , & tea party aa . $
Djaittet Finteuigence.
djaittet finteuigence .
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forthcoming meetings . dasEMBLY Rooms , 83 , Dean-street , Soho . —Mr Ernest Jones will lecture on Sunday evening next , April 11 th , at half-past seven o ' clock precisely ' Subject- " Middle Class Interests . " BinMiNonAM . —The Petition Committee ate requested to attend on Sunda > evening next , at seven o'clock ; Business of the utmost importance is to lie brought forward . Edinburgh . — The Chartist council meet even Tuesday evening , at half-past eight o ' clock , for dispatch of business . Attendance given on Saturday evenings for the enrolment of members . Parties holding petition sheets are requested to get them filled and sent in as speedily as possible . Place < f meeting—Painters' llall , Carruthcr'a Close , Hi » hstreet . °
IIoll . —The Chartists of Hull are requeued to attend at a members ' meeting on Sunday evenim » April 11 th , at six o ' clock , at the Ship Inn . Churchlane , to take the votes for the cxecuive council . Littletown . —A lecture will be delivered by Mr Bawden , of Halifax , at the house of Mr Robert Red . fearn , on Sunday next , April 11 th . Chair to be taken at half-past two o'clock in tho afternoon . LlVBRPiioi ; . —A meeting of members will take place fln Sunday evening next . at seven o ' clock , at the temperance Hotel , 4 , Cazneau-street , to elect the executive council , and to hear a lecture delivered by Vr Edmund Jone ? . Subject , — " What have Revolutions done for the progress of Civilization ?" Martlebonb . —Mr John Skelton will lecture on Sunday evening next , April 11 , at tlie Coach Painters Arms , Circus-street . Subject , " Progressive Cizilization . "
Manciiestkr . —Mr J . G . Cooper willdeliver a lecture in the People ' s Institute , Herod-street , An-• mts , on . Suuday , Apti lltb , at 6 p . m . Norton Foloate . —Mr Gathard will lec ure at the I ewter Platter , White Lion-street , Norton Folgate , on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock . Repkal of the Rate paying ClausksJ—A metropolitan public meetin ? will be held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern , Strand , on Wednesday eveninnext , April 14 th , to support the great national movement in favour of repealing the above obnoxious clauses . AU the members who voted for Mr Dumcombe ' s recent motion are invited to attend and give their support to Mr Duncombe ' s projected resolution .
SnoKEDiTcn . —Mr Lyltyle will lecture on Wednesday evening next at Mr Taylor ' s , Railway Engine Coffee-house , 122 , Brick-lane . Chair to be taken at 8 o ' clock . Subject : "TheLand . " On Thursday 15 th , Mr Wig w ill lecture at 8 o ' clock . Subject : " frvoperation . " _ Tsb- Ohabiw . s- A public discussion between Ernest Jonej and Archer Gurney , Esqrs ., on the principles of the People ' s Charter , will take place at the South London Hall , on Monday evening , the I 2 thinst . Chair to be taken at eight o ' clock preciscly . —A general meeting ef the shareholders of the abo » e hall will be held on Wednesday evening , the 14 th inst ., when the attendance of all persons interested is particularly requested , as business of the utmost importance will be submitted to the meeting . The Metropolitan Committee will meet at 83 , Dean-street , on Wednesday evening next . Chair to be taken at half-past 8 . '
^ The Cut Branch will assemble at the George Inn , George-court , Snow-hill , on Sunday evening next at seven precisely . Towim Hamlkm . —A general meeting of the members of the Whittington and Cat locality will b held on Sunday evening , at niae o ' clock , to recon ) their votesforthe executive committee . —Mr G . W . Wheeler will deliver a lecture on the same evening , and Mr C . Doyle will lecture on Sunday evening ! April 18 th—A gencriil meeting of the Globe ami Friends locality , to elect the executive , on Sunday evening , April 11 th . at seven o ' clock— The agitation committee of the Tower Hamlets will meet at the Wilmington , and Cat . Bethnal-arcen . on S ' undav .
April 18 th , at 6 o ' clock . —Tho local committee will meet at Mr Brett ' s , Globe and Friends , Morganstreet , Commercial-road , on Tuesday evening , April 13 th , at eight o ' clock . All persons having requisitions . » ul nlease to hrin « r ?••» -. i- _
A&Tibrau £An& Company
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Correspondence*
Correspondence *
To-The-"Working Classes. '
TO-THE- "WORKING CLASSES . '
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' ' rMAo ^ &u + ^ ttr s L ^_ . . jw ' .- •• • - ^ niiTaovi SHT ¦ / ki f i Tk ^' C ^ t ^ tt _ . ¦ AND ^ NATl | Rfe-- : TRiJafel JOURNAL .
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V 0 LX . N 0 . 494 . " LONDON ; SATURDAY , APBft % i : 847 ~~"" " ^ Tm S ^—5 fl 1 7 " 77 " 7 —T— - % '_ - - ^^""^ ""^^ euce pe ^^ , I .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1847, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1413/page/1/
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