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ODD KOTION 3 . To bear some prate of noble birth . Of their high lineage boast , You'd think they came not Qf toe pair Who lovel y Eden lost;—That Eve , in their first parents' borne , "Was Jnst a servant maid ; And Adam wai by them employed , A gardener with hi * spado . The straggling tradesman Ouramsy ' it rob ; Seance thy neighbour ' s wife ; May work some hapless maiden's foil , Then take her brother ' s life : And "high society" w ill not On thto e ' er set i t ' s ban ; A cheat , seducer , murderer , thon , And still—a gentleman . BtriasJotuwa . Smcbh . Iahomi .
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-WHS JNE . W QUARTERLY RbViKMr ; or , Home , Forelgn . and CalonialJowrnal . April . London : J . Gilbert , 49 , Paternoster-row . We did not receive this number of theiVeur Quar-4 eAg until some time after publication , and since its receipt our columns nptil now hare been occupied with other matters which could not be set aside . We are tut little acquainted with this Review , and , therefore , cannot speak of its merits generally as compared with the Old Quarterly , the Edinburgh ,
Westminster , &c ; bat judging by the specimen before qs , we are disposed to rate highly the literary and critical talent of its writers . The politics of tho Hew Quarterly , although evidently" Tory , " seem to as to be not very clearly defined . We fancy , however , that its Toryism is rather that of Or Hook and Richard Oastler , than that of the Sidmouth * and Eldons of the " good old days . " In this " age of progress , " even Toryism must march with the time , evidences of which are plentiful in the publication tinder notice .
Reviews of a va 3 t number of new publications furnish the readers of the Nod Quarterly with a hubs of ably written and highly interesting articles , displaying , for the most part , sound and searching criticism . The renew of Thirl wall's * Grate ' s , and St John's works on " Ancient Greece , " is a delightful paper filled with charming passages , some of which we would gladly quote , but most reserve oar space for other matters . Although extending to forty pa ° es , we must express our regret that the " review" in question did not extend to fonr times forty . An article entitled "Poetryand Criticism , " containing extracts from several new works , is Mowed by a review of a number of romances ; a notice ot the posthumous " Works of Ariosto ; " and two excellent
-renews of recent historical works , the one "The Life of Henry the Fourth , King of France and Navarre . " by James ; the other Miss Pardoe ' a " Louis 4 he Fourteenth and the Court of France , " 4 c Both these reviews won'd supply ns with extracts , could ire find room for them , exhibiting the insincerity , ^ profligacy and blood-dyed villany of Kings , Priests -end Nobte 3 , those legitimate cheats and brigands who have heretofore kept mankind in awe . While the admirers of monarchy , the supporters of ehurckes . and the champions of privilege , declaim against the possible evils of popular supremacy , and conjure np hnin-siek visions of democratic despotism , the apostles of progress have only to lay their fingers on history , and from
"Tbesinand slaughter of the Cssara * school , " draw damning facts to strike dumb . " the men who charge upon us the design to commit the . crimes whieh themselves or their idols have already enacted . We hasten to > the next article—** Chartism ! " We request the reviewer of Chartism to look again at the title of this journal , which is not" The Northern Star and National Free Trade * ' Juttmal ; " a mistake calculated to create a tery erroneous impression ot -Chartist fiews on a very important question—that of protection or non-protection ot industry . It needs ** so ghost come from the crave" to inform us of the
pexsonal identity of the writer in the New Quarterly Any one who has read the reports of the discussions at the John-street Institution and the South London Hall , on " The People ' s Charter , " may at once see that Mr Archer Gurney and the "Reviewer" of ' Chartism , " are very dotely related . Precisely the same arguments already combated on the platform are again put forth ; and the fact that the objections urged against Chartism have already been answered , renders lengthy reply from ns unnecessary ; nevertheless , as "to sea ourselves as others see us" is a privilege not always obtainable , we shall make a few ¦ extracts and append a few remarks .
The Reviewer of " Chartism" is evidently not well versed in the history of the movement he treats el , otherwise he would have enlightened the New Quarterly readers on some points of Chartist history anterior to August , 1816 . Neither Chartist nor Anti-Chartist will object to the space devoted to the selections from the speeches and poems of Ernest Jones ; oa the contrary , some from admiration , and some from curioaty , would no doubt be glad to have had considerable additions to both speech and verse ; but we must , nevertheless , remark , that an article on " Chartism" which gives the merest passing notice Of Feargu 3 O'Connor , without an j quotations from what he has said , or wnat he has written , or any account of what he has done , is -very like " the play of Hamlet with the part of Hamlet omitted i" bat 4 thankfn' for sma' mercies , " as the Scotch minister said , we must take our Reviewer as we find him . Here is his account of
CHABHHH IS IT IS . _ The Chartist body then is stated by its organs to oonnstofmore than a million Englishmen , is subject to strict rules and regulations , and divided and subdivided into almost numberless town and country district societies , ail of which send depnties or representatives to the Chartist Convention , or Parliament , which meets -annually , and are farther subject to the authority of the -london or Central Society , whieh is located in Deaa-= street Soho , andisthereal focus of all Chartist agitation . The so-called Executive Committee of the Central -Society , and indeed of the entire Chartist movement are five in number , and consist of Messrs Feargus O'Con nor , Dojle , Wheelertheseaetary . M'Srath , ana Clarke . Mr M'Grath is the nominal ehairmaB . Mr O'Connor , Jiowarer , is the seal head of the executive , and indeed virtual monarch of the entire movement , by the comman consent of all the Chartists . These fiv « aretha
recognised leaders of the movement ; hut Mr Joliaa Haraey , acting editor of the Abrttera Star , ( th » weekly organ of Chartism , ) Holyoake the notorious atheist , Edd , Dr H'Domu , ( a medical man , ) and others , may be mentioned as highly-important actors in this democratic drama . A gentleman and a barrister , whose genius is incontestable , and whose powers of oratory are great , most be conspicuously referred to hers : we allude to Mr Ernest Jones , whose romance of " Tha Wood Spirit , " and poem of "My life , " ( published anonymously , and noticed as so being , ) together with bis no torious "Chartist Lyrics , " have beenreviewedfromtime to timein the pages of the "N « w Quar terly . " Although no member of the executive , be is certainly one of ths moat influential leaders in the Chartist movement , and in point of popularity may probably be ranked next to toFeargus O'Connor . He conducts , together with Mr 0 Connor , the Chartist monthly magazine . The lafearer .
On this extract we shaU only make oneremark , tewing our readers to make otner correctiona . Mr liolyoato , althougaadoptingthe abstract principles < l » J ^ artumJandalthopgh he has occasionally assisted at Chartist meetings , is not a recognised " Chartist ieaoer . " Chartism can neither claim the honour of -Mr flolyoake ' a acknowledged abilities , nor be -at all held responsible for bis peculiar opinions on theology . The viUanons " conspiracy of silence , " entered into by the " pressing" to burle Chartism , is very commendably exposed by the " Reviewer : "So hermetically is the press , as a whole , closed to ths
records of Chartist proceedings , and so ignorant , in con * sequence of this , is the gentral public of theChartiit movements , that Chartism is believed , by almost all mea aottopertaia to the labouring dais , to be very much on the decline , and to hare in fact no longer a recognissd eratence amongst us . We fear , however , that the num . Mr of Chartists was never so great as at the present enomeat , and we know that such talent has never been « splayedia tha defence of their cause as is even now extooited . We may add that they have never btfdra pre sented , as a whole , such a formidable aspect of reality , and that the evU of their existenceis grtnOy augmented eytheignorance of the general public of the fact .
Iha existence , then , of the movemeat mast and should Ira recognised : it u dangerous to tamper nith such nutters : the Chartist bodyis exasperaUd by this app * . rently contemptuous silence , and the masses generall y art persuaded that juitie * mestbe en tha side ofCkartism , since its adversaries bars nothing but iHenct to opposeit . This silence proceeds from various causes . The Con- 1 aervative papers consider Chartism beneath their notice , the Whig journals are afraid of it ; the Radical , suchu the "Weekly Dispatch , " the organi of the shop-keeping classes , are violently opposed to it , and so think it wise * J £ * y as little as possible about it . ItisdifScaltindeed for the ultra-radical to oppose , democracy on principle fee has no standing ground , from which to assail the advocates of the so-called "People ' s Charter , and thus ais only resource is silence , which he imagines s most « Scient weapon of defence .
. Theloveoffeir-playentiiepartofour "Reviewer ^ is manifest throughout , notwithstanding bis antiquated prejudices and child-like fears of the effects « f democratic ascendancy . We shall not repeat the extracts from the speeches and poems of Mr Jones , for thesufficient reason that the said extracts aave been selected from this journal . We will , Mow . f « Sl' 5 ? tice J' of *•» Reviewer ' s objections to Chsrhsm . " He sets out with the following definition of " Liberty : »_«• The power of using the Acuities , mental erbodDy , which the Creator has thought fit to bestow upon us , according tothe dictates of conscience , or even of will , save only when P »» mll , ifpatintoacgoo . ironldiDjuretlielibarties
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or otherwise deteriorate the condition of oar fellow-creatures . . All so-called liberty of action passing this Just bound , would be no longer hberty ^ ut licence . '' Very good , if rightly read ; by which we meananothersortof reading to that wbM the ;; Reviewe ^ woald sanction . K . l we wiU help our "Reviewer" to another definition of liberty , the sameinspmtashis ? wn , but far better , bemuse $ S % ' 2 i ?* !* a * Sa * oWoabtfnliHterpreSS SSJfix sj- ' sssrrrf SS ^ S ^^ Wff ^ ojte sfor Us boundaries , nature for iu origin , and the law for its safeguard . "
; . ii , ¦**¦?«« &at "theBritish Constitution " wthe perfechon of human wisdom for combining social and political freedom , with order and a due reverence for authority , the " Reviewer" admits that , under this blessed system , social want and unf a PPm « s has so grown up as at length to give birth to the hideous monster , Chartism . Buthow isit that this social want and unhappiness exist ? Because , says the "Reviewer , " "Government does not protect the right ot Labour against the almost despottc might of Capital . " And why is this ? Because
Vwasay ) uovernment is the government of the capitalists , and , therefore , the enemy of labour . Quite sutncient reason why > bour should bo represented , that it may protect itself . After enumerating the " six points" of the People s Charter , the " Reviewer" takes up the cudgels against Univewal Suffrage , which is intended , says he , to establish " absolute and irresponsible despotism—the will of the majority . " It appears to ua that making the government the reflex of the mind , and responsible to the majority of the people , is a curious sort of " vreapondble despotism "'
Some " constitutions" have commenced with the declaration that " all men are bynaturefree and equal ;" but our blessed British constitution is , according to the "Reviewer , " based upon the great and simple truth- " All men are fallible-liable to bedeceived . " We dispute this ; that is , we dispute that any British Constitution exists . Certain Mutilation * exist ; some for the maintenance of class poweras the Monarchy and House of Lords ; othew won by the people in their struggles to free themselves from the gallingyoke of king and noble , as the Ilouse of Commons and trial by jury . Anything like a defined Constitution does not exist , and never has existed . We have said that the institution of the Commons sprang from the efforts of the neoole to
tree and protect themselves from oppression ; that house has , however , become the great oppressor ; this has been brought about by the combined cunning and cruelty of the middle-classes . After employing the might of the masses to break down the power of the monarchy and . aristocracy , the middleclasses triumphant in 1832 , have , like Young Ambiturn , kicking away the ladder by which they climbed to power , since that time sternly arrayed themselves against Chartism , which would make of the third branch of the legislature a veritable House of Com . mans , and not as bow the embodied despotism of the shopocracy . u acceptingour Reviewer's " simpletruth , "that all men are fallible , " we need no better argument
to prove the justice of universal representation . If all men are liable to err , it would clearly be most dangerous to place all power in the hands of one man , as in Russia . Classes , too , being liable to err , jt follows that to place sovereign authority in the hands of certain classes to the exclusion of other classes is equally as dangerous to the rights and hap . pmess of the excluded . That no class may suffer from the liability to error of any other class , it is requisite that all should partake equally of the sovereignty . Each is liable to error—granted ; therefore each should be controlled by all . True , the people as a body may for a time err , but they would be interested in retracing their steps as soon as the evil effects of the first false move were seen ; while , oh the other hand
, when kings and privileged classes employ their power unjustly , they usually do so not to u 'US * ^™ . ' butthe injury of theclasses beneath taej » :-Tne privileged classes have an interest in Hoing wrong to others , and , therefore , are iucliued to persevere in the commission of wrong ; whilst tho people have clearly no interest in wronging themselves , and , therefore , would not be likely to per . severe in a course of foolish or wicked legislation . But our " Reviewer" will have it , that the people are already represented ; here is hb version of tho Three Estates , " or rather four : — " At present the Commons may be said to represent , primarily , the middle-classes ; andstamdly , tho natien , including the masses not possessed of the suffrage : the Peera
represent the aristocracy , and the nation ; the Sovereign , the Crown , and the nation ; public opinion , directly , the nation . " The people must bo gluttons indeed to want more representation , when , according to our Reviewer , " they are already represented after four different fashions The Queen , the Lords , and the Commons severally represent" the nation , " and the masses forming part of 'the nation" are , therefore , represented by Queen , Lords , and CommoasI But there is a fourthestate , " called Public Opinion , which directly represents the nation , and , therefore , directly represents the masses ! Curious , that with all these schemes of representation in aotive operation , the people are nevertheless dissatisfied , and Chartism
rears its threatening front to "fright the isle from its propriety . " Dismissing the transparent fudge of the "three estates" representing " the nation , " and , therefore , the masses ; let us offer a word or two upoa that system of "direct representation , " which , out "Rewewer" eaya already exists , and which he calls Public Opinion . " We have an idea that what is called "Public Opinion " often represents anything but the majority of the public . We might offer several illustrations ef what we mean , but one will suffice . The Press is usually spoken of as tiie principal mouth-piece of public opinion , but all thinking men must admit that the Press is as much the creator as the exponentof " Public Opinion . " As a general rule , public journalsrepresent cot the public
, but the clasess and parties whose yearly payments and regular advertisements make the property oteach journal . We do not dispute that journalists , generally , do not hesitate to assail domestic abuses , and lend their support to many philanthropic schemes for the amelioratioa of society , without having- aay mercenary motive for so doing ; bnt in any struggle which involves a conflict of classes mere justice i 3 not the guiding-star of the public journals . Previous to the establishment of the Northern Star there was not a journal in the kingdom that faithfully reported the proceedings of the masses , and it is the same now , with the exception of this one paper . When the first Chartist Convention assembled in London , ia 1839 , not a naper would reDort its nro .
oeedings until a bargain was entered into with the Sun , by which the proprietor of that paper undertook to give a column or tw > of " reports" daily , in exchange for a stipulated remuneration , which the Convention , having ( at the outset ) plenty of money at its disposal , wag enabled to offer . When , however , the funds ran short , and the Convention could no longer afford to pay for reports , the reporting ceased , and from that time the Press has been closed against Chartism , except when occasionally amusing the enlightened shopocracy by burlesque reports of Chartist proceedings , or uttering a wolfish howl for the blood of Chat tist leaders . How different was the treatment the League experienced ! Whetevertho 3 e impudent imuoBtors . Cobden . Brieht .
and the smaller fry of leagued liars and cheats , held their court , there attended the reporters of the weral press , aad that same press contained , day by day , and week after week , columns upon columns of the dreary palitical economy and bouncing lies , spouted by those public deluders . All this , was bought and paid for . In every town where League meetings were held , not only were lengthy and highpriced advertisement * thrown as sops tothe Ubera journals , but , there was superadded , where more direct payment was not gives , a bargain to'thia effect : — " Ibu will report our meeting to th « extent of so many columns , and we will take so many hundreds , or thousands of your paper . " Thus , as regards Chartism , has " public opinion" been stifled
by the Press ; and thus wa 3 "public opinion" manufactured for the League . Our Reviewer's" fine theory is exploded . " Public opinion , " as manifested through the public journals , is " made to order , " and , of course , only made for those who can afford to pay for the manufacture . The privileged classes have the suffrage , and can , besides , command the " public opinion" of which the public journals are the exponents . The unprivileged are denied the franchise , but kindly referred to " public opinion ;" bat they cannot bribe the iournalists , and so public opinion is not for them . We admit that there may be occasions when the " opinion" of the masses becomes the overwhelming opinion of the hour , but that ia only in times of revolutionwhen the
, " mighty multitude , " rising , resolved to " trample down the handful that oppress them , " compel by terror a recognition of taoae claims which were beforetime refused to their appeals and prayers . Such , at least , has been hitherto the rule ; however , there ia some hope that , as the self-education of the people progresses , they will , through the working of the co-operative principle , build up for themselves a power which may morally command attention to then-claims . May it be so ! The "Reviewer" isbat imperfectly acquainted with the course of policy pursued by the Chartists towards the league agitation . The opposition of the Char
tist party to the League schemes was wisely directed and was as wisely withdrawn when change of circumstances dictated a change of action . In opposing the League , the Chartists did so , not became ' they had any fellow-feeling with " Richmond tad Co ., " but because they knew that the profiticonje .- -j ing enemies of the aristocracy were themselves tho ' most cruel , grasping , and sordid oppressors . The Chartists are " Protectionists , " but not of the school of " Bentinck and Co . " Wbfcn the aristocracy talk of " protection , " they mean the protection of themselves ; and so mean the ChartUts , and t ottjutead . they geek the Cbaifcr , WbenQur"Re . I
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————— ^ mm ¦¦¦^—^— ^^ viewer" talks of the Chartists seeking a political remedy ( meaning by that the Charter ); for social evili , he talks nonsense . The Charter is merely an instrument of power , which , once obtained , would enable the people to find sooial remedies for social evils . Pra 4 tical remedy for the wrongs of labour , " says our " Reviewer , " " the Chartists have none ;" yet , further on , he briefly notices the "Land Scheme , " which , he admits , may tend " to raise the condition of the labouring classes generally by draining the market of superfluous labour . " Let him accept the land Scheme as evidence that the Chartists are not fools , clamouring for power they would not know how to use when won . If , with all the power ef aristocracy and ahopocracy , military and civil forces , wealth , privilege , pulpit and press
arrayed against them , the Chartists have done thnt which their three-million-sipned Petition and their thirty thousand pounds Land Fund testifies to , what could they not' do if once possessed of power ? If these things are done " in the green wood , what may be done in the dry 1 " There are several other " points" of our " Reviewer's" argument we might notice , not for their importance , but to exhibit their fallaciousness ; but we can well afford to pass them over . His grand point is , that" A Division of Power" is essential for the existence and preservation of the rights of all , and , therefore , that the present system of " checks " and " counter-checks , " facetiously entitled the British Constitution , is all-perfect . Thomas Paine , long ago , showed up the humbug of this check
system ; and if our " Reviewer" will refer to the report of the discussion at the South London Hall , ha will find his own arguments , as uttered by " Archer Gurney , Esq ., " completely checkmated by Mr Ernest Jones . We . ' shall not . therefore , trouble ourselves about the " checks ; " but a word as to the "Division of Power , " a phrase containing much more of sound than sense . We can understand a division of power which would give power to the masses , as well as to the aristocracy and middle class , but the share awarded to the masses by our '' Reviewer ' s" favourite system , amounts to nothing ! Such a " division , " which ensures for the master-class all the benefits , and for the slaveclass all the penalties ot a state of society , is " a mockery , a delusion , and a snare . " Our " Reviewer "
« awfully afraid that in the event of the Charter becoming law , the Monarchy and Aristocracy would be overthroiTn . We shall reply straightforward , without beating about the bush . If , indeed , the monarehy is "based upon the affections of the people , and the " historic services " of our "timehonoured aristocracy" claim the gratitude of the natioD , why fear to commit either to the guardianship of the entire community ? If worthy of preservation the people would preserve them ; if not . they ought not to exist . Are the Aristocracy afraid that with Universal Suffrage the working man would become more powerful than the noble ? They have a simple remedy—let them renounce their Sybarite sloth , and become workmen also ; let them cast from
them their usurpations as aristocrats , and take upon themselves the glorious functions of citizens . A " division of power , " forsooth ! What need , 'if society contained neither idlers nor plunderers ? Gentlemen of the privileged orders , "form a nation apart audgoverayourselves , " only be sure that you work for yourselves . We ask for nothing more , we do not desire to change places with you , to inflict upon you the ills you have inflicted upon us , or the transfer of power irom one class to another . We desire the anni . hilation of classes , and instead the formation of a " People . ' ^ Privilege and slavery are alike odious in our eyes . We demand the substitution of right and citiienship : " all for each , and each for all . " We ask no more ; but we will not be satisfied with less . Such is CHARTISM .
An article entitled "Dangers of Communism , " disappoints expectation . We had expected some extraordinary revelationBof aparty beginning to attract much attention , and , we are confident , destined to attract much more . Uf Communism , however , the "New Quarterly " reveals nothing . The article is a not very clever review ot the Hungarian Baron DercsemyiV "Researches for a Philanthropio Remedy against Communism . " As the . BaroD * s book has not come under our notice , we shall not attempt to judge of it from the extracts in the "New Quarterly . ' But a word on Communism—and just now , for we have already exceeded our limits , only a word . In spite of the police of Franoe and Austria , in spite of persecution waged alike by Prussian King and Swiss Bourgeoisie , Communism hw of late
marched with rapid strides over a large surfaee of Europe . If this um can withstand the assaults of the powers of privilege from Emperor Metternich to bang Rothschild , our readers may rest assured that mere denunciation or misrepresentation will fail to arrest ltsprogress . Communism may be something very terrible wvery absurd ; one thing is certain . that it has formidable opponents , even iu the ranks of Democracy . A system to which iLammenaia . Mazzini and Feargus O'Cennor proclaim their hostility , Bhould be well investigated before receiving the adhesion of men engaged in the pursuit of truth and justice . But . we must add , that a system deemed worthy of attack by such powerful names , must be itself formidable , and , therefore , worthy of serioutfnvestigation . Tht English Demd ^ A ^ to <» l > dwm' 83 . "Jacobins ; "in' 19 , Radicab and in
" ;" ' 39 , "Chartists ; " havesuffered so much from wilful misrepresentation from theene-? - r « discussion , that sure we are , they , the fnends oitree discussion , will nordo to others as they have beea doneby . We would give the devil his due ; and surely we may show the same fair-play to men , who , whether they be wise or foolish , we are sum are both earnest and honest in their avowed attempts to put an end to social injustice and political wrong . Forourselveswearenottobe allured or frightened by the word "Communism . " Our motto is— "Be W& MjftMfwrti" our rule ,- " Prove all things ; hold fast that which is good . " We hope to meet our Tory cotemporary , the "New Quarterly , " again ; hoping also that the Reviewer of Chartism" will yet become a convert to the true faith , and go forth to preach the glad tidings to all ranks and conditions of men .
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MABYLEBONB THBATBB The new nautical drama , "The Jack O'Lantern ; or , the Orphans of the Deep ; ' continues to attract crowded audiences . The clerer acting ef Messrs Douglas , Bajner , Dayidssn , and Biddies , reaps the merited reward of public approbation . Mr Eugene Macarthy , the eccentric comedian , Mr T Lee ( who has returned to this mouse , ) and the Mademoiselles Pauline and D'Lafayette , all contribute to render the performances- at this theatre highly agreeable . In accordance with the fashion of the time , there are « Ethiopian Serenaders" here , male and female , who , in their way , are certainly defer enough . Th « enterprising lessee miBses no opportunity of furnishing his patrons withBOrelties , Belabours most zealously to win success , and desertes to fiad it .
THE COSMOBAMA .-We recommend all our friends who may hare the opportunity , to visit the collection of CosmoramioTiewa in Begent-street . The subjects are eight In all , comprising theBuius of Palmyra , the Talley of Chamouni , Ostrogk , with Klootcheftk y Tolcano . Tiroli with its cascades ; a gorge in the Val de Maurlenne , Savoy ; Etna , with the ruins of Taormina ; the Interior of the Cathedral of St Gadule , Brussels ; and a Tiew of the terrible Catastrophe at Fampouz , on the Great Northern BaUway , in Franoe , which happened in July , 1846 . This last is frightfully accurate ia picturing the awful crash , and confusion of the doomed train , with its dying , wounded , and agonised passengers . The Interior of the Cathedral at Brussels is beautiful in the extreme indeed it is difficult to believe that it is merely a picture ' It israther . inappearance . theCathedralitself . The scenes at Tivoli , Etna , and the Tal de Maurienne , are veritable picture * of Nature . The Ruins of Palmyra is a glorious
view of cloudless skies and architectural magnificence * still supremely beautiful , though fallen . This is a view to ba gased upon again and yet again . Wonderfully contrasted with Palmyra is the scene in KanuchatkB . The 8 kyli of a sunless iron-grey complexion , looking down upon a region of eternal snow . The wretchedhutB of the natives , a traveller posting in a sledge drawn by a team of dogs , and the eaormous burning mountain towering aloft , renders the whole a most effective representation of this dreary scene . To add to the illusion , the Volcano is pictured as in a state of eruption , and so cleverly is this managed , that the smoke and flames are seen to rise from the crater , reflecting their shadows upon the suirounding objects with most natural-like fidelity . In the for thcoming holidays we know of no place better deserving ' of a visit than the Cosmorama , or better calculated to leave lasting and gratifying im . pressions .
SDBREY 100 L 0 QICAL GARDENS . —This delightful summer resort is again opened to the public , and the new grand pictorial representation outvies its pre . decessors , the subject being the town and bay of Gibraltar , modelled by Mr Danson , ( by the express permission of the Hon . Board ef Ordnance , ) from the [ splendid models in the Rotunda at Woolwich . A correct view of this important fortress must at all times posieis paramount interest , and as a workofartitis altogether unrivalled , although the attractions ofprerious seasons have been exceedingly well deserving ef the highest patronage . The indefatigable and spirited proprietor has been lavish in e . very department—and that public must be fastidious ii . ideea who are other than delighted , amused , and instnvcted by a visit to these Gardens . Mr
! Godfrey hasbeen indefatigable in increasing and arrang-Ing bis musical repertory ; and we . are quite certain the wpuUUon of tVM gentleman will be much enhanced by his efforts dm / ng the recess . The menagerie , too-always an ob . ^ ct of interest , especially so to theyouBgnas neen c ^ ns- ^ B ^ yy increased . An accurate represen . tatiou of . the celebrated Porcelain Tower at Nankin has fs w , « ? ° P ictees ^ part of the gardenj , which isl ^ i ^ tly ^ nominated at night with gas , in Chinese TT'l ? n . f PI rotecn ^ display representn the Siege of Gibraltar has , we understand , occupied * M Messrs South * , the entire winter ; Whave not , space to enumerate all the attractions offered ; but j we must not omit to add that durine tha season M | JvMeawillgheaseries ofconcerKf SSSSu : leree , the band consisting of 100 performers , comprising the names ti degeneuis popular faTgariUij Tho
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new entrance is a * elegant structure , and forma a hand , some im provement to the exterior . . We cordially congratulate the proprietor in having formed se attractive and magnificent a . aeries of rational enjoyments for the people—combining . ne aUh with amusement ; and trutt a BHCCegglon of fine weather will draw together crowded , » nd , we are convinced , delighted assemblages , to compensate for so considerable an outlay and s » -much anxiety .
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TflE iate W . Iem& » Eede . —A few friendeand admirers and admirers of the late Mr W . L . Rede having learned with deep regretthat the widow and orphan of the deceased have been left wholly unprovided for , propose , as the means of raising a sum for their permanent relief , in the purchase of a small annuity , to talco & Bene . fi' for them at the Hajmaskw The&lre , on Wedm-sany , the 26 th of May . The cas * is one in which no morbid sympathy is sought to bfr excited—it is gimply one of real distress . The clainw of Mrs Bede and her boy rest solely upon the state in whiefe , by the sudden death of a
husband and a father , they have been unexpectedly plunged ; and the friendBwhe-now make this appcalin their behalf do so in the hopeful trust that the literary and dramatic brethren of the late Mr Bede , and the public generally , will come forward in this the boor of need , to lend a helping hand to those near and dear relatives of a man wheoe talents as a writer in various branches of literature have b « n universally acknowledged . Pull particulars of the performance will be announced in a frw days . Communications may be made to Mr John K . Chapman , 5 , Shee-lane , Fleet-atreet by whom subscriptions will be received . '
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THESE ARE THE CHAMBERS * OF 18 « . L We have already shown toour readers the Chambers' of 1811 ' , we now refer to tho previous opiniona of these changeable economists . Whence this wonderful change ? 1 ' ——IMPROVEMENT OF WASTE LANDSSPADE HUSBANDRY . ( From the Information for the People ^ No . 12 . ) ¦¦ •¦ ' ¦ ., ¦ [ Continued from our lout . } HOW TO KBKP A COW AND PIO UPON AS AORK OP LA . ND .
A society was formed in London , in 1833 , called the Labourers' Friend Society , for the purpose of procuring allotments of small portions of land to the labouring poor , and whose operations , we believe , have been on the whole beneficial . The land , however , islet only from year to year , which , as a general principle , is pernicious ; for no land will ever be properly cultivated when the holder of it is liable to be dispossessed at the end of every year . In cottage , as well as large farming , the husbandman must be ensured a . continuance in his possession for at least ten or twelve years . Perhaps the above-mentioned society ensures a renewal of the annual lease , provided a certain fixed rent is paid , . which would be reasonab ' t and beneficial for all parties ,
The Labourers' Friend Society has published a cheap magazine of popular information on rural subjects , and from one of the numbers we extract the following advioes , beaded— "How to Keep a Cow and Pig upon an Acre of Land . " " 1 . Never let the cow out of the cow-house . 2 . Carry her food and water to her . 3 . Do not keep one foot of land in pasture . 4 . Dig your land instead of ploughing it . 5 . Never throw away anything that can be turned into manure . 6 . Keep your land well weeded , and collect a large dunghill . / A small cow , which is best for a cottager , will eat from seventy to eighty pounds of good moist food , of the following kinds , in a day : —Lucern or clover . and the leaves of yellow beet or mangel wurzel , from the
beginning of spring to the end of autumn ; and the roots of yellow beet or mangel wunel , Swedish turnips , potatoes , and straw , from the end of autumn till the beginning of spring . If the cow ia curried once a-dfty , it will increas * the quantity of milk . . To procure the above-mentioned crops , you must have plenty of manure ; which you will obtain by careful management . Rushes , potato-stalk * , and weeds before they seed , should be industriously collected for the cow ' s litter . Lucern requires a good and deep soil . The ground for it Bhould be well dug , two spits deep , and the manure deposited at one spit deep . It must be sown very early in the spring , in drills nine inches apart . The quantity of seed is one ounce and a quarter to
the perch . It must be kept carefully free from weed * and watered with the liquid manure from time to time ; ashes also are a good manure for it . It sometimes admits of tour cuttings in the summer , and , with attention to the foregoing rule ? , will continue productive for ten or twelve years . It will not do well upon shallow or boggy land , in which case red clover will be the substitute . Swedish 2 i « rn » pj .--Prepare the land as if for drilling potatoes ; open the drills about twenty inches distant , the deeper the better ; fill them with manure , caver them with four or five inches of earth , make the tep smooth and level , then with a dibble make holes two inches in depth , and about twelve inches apart , and drop a seed into every hole . Keep them free from weeds . Three-quarters of a pound of seed will sow twenty perches . The time for sowing is in May . Mangel Wumlov Yellow Beet . —The ground to be
prepared the same way as for Swedish turnips ; from the 20 th to the end of April is the beat time for sowing ; half-a-pnund of seed will sow twenty perches . in August and September pull the leaves for the cow ; these will last till you take up and store the roots , which should be done before the frost sets in . Red Clover { to be used only where lucern will not suit the soil ) will afford a large quantity of green feod as well as hay from ten square perches . It ' will last from two to three years on the same ground ; one ounce and a quarter of seed is sufficient lor a perch . The ground should be well and deeply dug , and made as fine as possible . The time of sowing is from February till April . The seed put in immediately after you have sown your oats half an inch deep in clayey soils , and one inch on loose soils ; a coat of manure should be put on in spring and autumn . It may be cut two or three times in the season / and should not be given to the cow till it has been cut some hours , or she would be in danger of bursting .
Some dry food should be given with the roots . The daily supply for a cow lor the winter ( about 180 days ) may be as follows : —30 lbs . of mangel wurzel , or yellow beet-SOlbs . of Swedish turnips-Ulbs . of straw . " The writer adds , with respect to the rotation of crops— "That , supposing the land of the peasant to consist of four roods , in the first year he devotes a rood for oats , a second rood for potatoes , a third to lucern , and a fourth to beet and Swedish turnips ; in the second year he puts potatoes on the first rood , beet and turnips on the second , luoern oh the third , and oats on the fourth ; in the third year he puts beet and turnips ou the first , oats on the second , lucern on the third ,, and potatoes on the fourth . By this means he effects a proper rotation of cropping , advantageous in keeping hi 3 land in heart . It will be easy for him to devote spare borders to the raising of onions and seeds . "
BPiDE HUSIUNDBT IN BELGIUM . As a picture of rural affairs under ; a well-conducted system of spade husbandry , we present the following from the report of Mr George Nicholls respecting Belgium , laid before Parliament : — "The extensive manufactures which at no very remote period flourished ia Belgium , appeaved to have congregated a numerous population of artisans in and around the great towns , As the scene of manufacturing industry changed , this population was deprived of its means of handicraft employment , and was compelled to resort to tho cultivation of the soil for subsistence . This seems to have been the chief , though possibly not the sole , origin of the ' system of the small farms which still prevails , and which are
cultivated by the holder and his family , generally without other-assistance . The farms in Belgium very rarely exceed one hundred aores . The number containing fifty acres is not great . Those of thirty and twenty acres are more numerous , but the number of holdings from five to ten and twenty acres ii very considerable , especially those of smaller extent , and to these I chiefly confine my inquiries . The small farms of from five to ten acres , which abound in Belgium , closely resemble the small holdings in Ireland ; but the small Irish cultivator exists in a state of miserable privation of the common com * fortsand conveniences of a civilised life , while the Belgian peasant-farmer enjoys a large portion of those comforts . The houses of the small cultivators
in Belgium are generally substantially built , and in good repair : they have commonly a sleeping room in the attic , and closets for beds connected with the lower apartment , which is convenient in site ; a , small cellarage for the dairy , and store for the grain , as well as an oven , and an outhouse for the potatoes , with a roomy cattle stall , piggery , and poultry loft The house generally contains decent furniture , the bedding sufficient in quantity , and although the scrupulous clsanlinesB of the Dutch ma ; not be every where observed , an air of comfort and propriety pervades the whole establishment . In the cow house the cattle are supplied with straw for bedding , the dung and moisture are carefully collected in the tank , the ditches had been scoured to collect materials for manure , the dry leaves , potato-tops , Ac , had been collected in a moist ditch , to undergo the process of fermentation , and heapB of compost were
in course of preparation . The premises were kept in neat and compact order , and a scrupulous attention to a most rigid economy was everywhere apparent . The family were decently clad , none of them were ragged or slovenly , even when their dre j 3 consisted of the coarsest material . The men universally wear the blouse , and wooden shoes are in common use by both sexes . The diet consists , to a large extent ,- of rye bread and milk ; the dinner being usually composed of a mess of potatoes and onions ; with the occasional addition of some pounded ham or slices of bacon ^ The quantity of brown wheaten bread consumed did not appear to be considerable . I seed not point out the striking contrast of the mode of living here described , with tiie state of the game class of persons in Ireland ; and it appears important to investigate theoauses of this difference . In the greater part of tho flat country of Belgium ftewaiftbglitaaaKmaj , md easily m ^\ to ¦
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^ M ^——————————*^^^* l ! f «! rf ?* -i ? T P 07 ers are certainly inferior to the SSS'S ' 1 of Ir - eland « and the climak does not apfnr » th » nfi - ?• To the 80 il and climate , theref aS ? . 1 # doeB n 6 Uwn his superiority in comeSnceifraSK ? f > ^ vator " Thedif-5 « ^ BA'sntis gium differs from the Irish-lst In thlS if stall fed stock .-which is k ^ and by whiS ^ Jply of manure is-regularly secured ; 2 nd In thlTrict attention paid'to the collecting of manure whK system of rotation of five , six , or seven suooessive crops , even onthe smallest farms , which is in ^ rik-S ! S ^ ffi&l croppi 08 Md " ^ ( To bt continued . )
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Sir Robert Peel , in his speech against the > factory Bill , said he knew ten persons at least who were now worth £ 1 « 0 } 00 & each , who at one timebad only 20 s . to 30 j . aweek . [ Sir R . Peel ' s ten friends are ten robber * . HoneBt men , if they lived to the age of Methuseleh ,. could never accumulate a Irondred thousand pounds , though they worked their fingers' flesh off !!! Toe British colonies oecupy an area of 2 , 1191708 square miles , with- a total population of 107 , 708 ! 3 » . T { , 1 n P ? rt 8 A ^ , !? ip 8 rt 8 amount t 0 £ te , M * , tM . In ™ f ° W 5 ? 1 ftnd theRev ' DrWellea-Momfogfi' remai ° 8 ve 8 ° nS of the Earl ! of nJiv nnSr ^ P «* fera have contributed IrSi hun ( fred 8 " » neas for the relief of tfee In 1810 , the total care of herrings in the United J ™ ± m W 880 & ' " » neh ; now it excee * 000 , 000 per month .
.. Ia ^ ^* ^ Thumb has carried off about £ 150 , 000 of John Bull ' s money . A reading roam , wsll supplied with newspapers and magazines , has been opened at Paisley for the poor , who are admitted gratuitously . Active preparations are in progress to give effect to the ensuing meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at Oxford . The Lord Chief Baron has decided that funeral tees cannot be demanded for the burial of the workhouse paupew . [ Did the insatiable priest wish to rob the dead " pauper ? " ] A new Chinese work , on the geography of the western world , has been written by Commissioner Lin , who conducted the negotiation with Captain Elliott ; and this book has been sent to Shanghae to be revised for publication by a British missionary .
The constabulary force in England and WaleB amounts in number to 10 , 008 officers and men ; of whom 5 , 338 belong to the Metropolitan and City of London police , 4 , 528 to municipal corporations , and 142 to other boroughs . It has been observed , when the ash tree opens its leaf before the oak , a wet summer usually follows ; and when the oak tree opens its leaf before the ash , a dry summer usually follows . This is about the time of noticing this interesting indication of the approaching season . Typhus fever is raging to an unprecedented extent in Dundee—the deaths in the infirmary have amounted to the extraordinary average of forty a-day . ; . ¦ The once celebrated Brook-Green fair , after being closed for twenty-five years , was re-opened on Monday .
The Sheffield Atheiuoum was opened on Wednesday week , and an inaugural discourse was delivered on the occasion by Mr C . Knight , of London . Alderman Johnson intimated , on Saturday , at Guildhall , his determination to stand for the City of London , at the next general election , ' upon the Tory interest . A mine of rock salt has just been discovered in the envir oni of Lemberg ( Gallicia ) , whioh is even richer than that of Wieliczka , in the same province , hitherto considered the richest in Europe . Accounts from Muhiberg , of the 3 rd , inform us that the Elbe had overflowed its banks near that town , and threatened by inundating the country to deBtroy the crop 3 .
A riot took place at Tubingen , in Wurtemberc , on the 5 th . 'lihe mob attacked a flour mill and a flour store , but tfie students of the University , on the appealof thelocal authorities , rushed to the spot and dispersed the rioters . JENNY-LINDEN . A DBEADICL EKGAOEHEMT BETWEEN TDE SWEDISH . KIOBTIMQALE AND THE FOIT BDNN . On Lind , when Drury ' a sun was low , And bootless was the wild-beast show , The lefisee counted for a flow Of rhino to the treasury . But Jenny Lind , whose waken'd sight Saw Drury in & proper light , Refused , for any sum per night , To sing at the Menagerie . With rage and ire in vain displsy' 4 Each super drew bis wooden blade , In fury half and half afraid ,
For Mb prospective salary . Buna in a flaming frenzy flew , And speedily the goosequill drew With which he is accustomed to Fen » uch a deal of poetry , lie wrote the maiden , to remind ' Her of a compact she had signed , To Drury lane ' s condition blind , And threaten ed Uw uccordiigly . Fair as in face in nature , she Implored the man to set her free , Assuring him that be should be Remunerated handsomely . Two thousand pounds she offer'd , so That he would only let her go : Buun , who would have his bond , salt No-1 With dogged pertinacity . And now hit actton . let him bring , And try how much tho law will wring From her , to do the handsome thing ,
Who had proposed so readily ! The Swedish Nightingale to cage He fail'd ; the sought a fitting stage , And left him to digest his rage , And seek his legal ramedy . Then shook the House nith plaudits riren , When Jenny ' s opening note was given , Tb « sweetest songstress under heaven Forth bursting into melody . But fainter the applause shall grow , At waning Drury ' s wild-beasjtshow , And feebler still shall be the flow ' Ot rhino to the treasury . The Opera triumphs I Lumley brave , Thy bacon taou shalt more than save ; Wave , London , all thy'kerchiefs wave , And cheer with all thy chivalry , Tis night ; nnd ( till yon star doth run ; But all in vain for treasurer Dunn , And Mr HugheB , and Poet Bunn .
And quadrupeds , and company . For Sweden ' s Nightingale , so sweet , Their fellowship had been unmeet , ' The sawdust uudcrntath whose ie « t - Hath been the Drama ' s sepulchre . —Pnwrfk A destructive murrain is very prevalent among swinein the counties of Hereford asd Monmouth . On Saturday last some large potatoes were sold at Barnsley at the rate of 2 id . each . On the 1 st of January last , the number of persons imprisoned for debt in Ireland amounted to BoO . New potatoes were sold last week in Lancaster market at the price of 3 s . apound . The Duke of Argyle proposes to Buip . atxweono thousand pessonafrom Misstates mths > Highlands to Canada . The Geman papers state that tka municipal authorities of Saxe-Weimar have forbidden the sale of bread whioh has not leeen twenty-four hours out of the oven . -
The natives of tho Sandwich Islands prefer raw to cooked fish ; and consider as a delicacy a freshlycaught fish , whieh they devour while yet living , and literally eat to death . On Thursday week , Lord JSohn Russell was ohosen a fellow of tb ' e Royal Society . It is said &at Mr Crosse , whose researches on the ubjectof electricity axe well known , has succeeded in obtaining pure water from sea water , by means of electricity . A German paper states that a discovery has teen made of a conspiracy entered into by the peasantB of Austrian Gallicia , to set fire to Podgorze mil 3 raoow .
Several cannon shot and some aumenttmU-st , ones have been found by the labourers employed o ' a the Poulton branch of the London and North-Western Railway . A Scotch paper mentions . that a Ro'jjancamp kettle , which had probably served to co ok the food of some Roman soldiers , was lately found by a ditcher , employed on tho estate of OlammiB in Fife . At the end of-April , thei lakes nna rivers near Stockholm , together with tne porf and road * tead to the distance of four leagues , w solidly fr ' that carts heavily laden could ^ g over ' ' The . pwfe ^ saip of naVural philoBo ' pliy in the university of St . Andrew ' s has been offered to Mr Adams , whose claims to the discovery of the new planet , Neptune , are e . 4 Uai to those of MLever-¦
. * ~— . »*« VWW W * *>*¦ MV | V * r Pf p »^ iVo »«^! gi « , a Catholic paper , pubhshedat Pans , averts that before the end of the year , the English government will accredit an . ambassador to Rome , and the Pope a nuncio to London . Favourable accounts have been received from the Greenland seal fishery , and it is stated that several vesseh have already obtained full cargoes of skins Wd ojL
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Twf Hom » Bill . —The newa of the passinE of this bill through the House of Commons caused great rejoicings among the factory workers of Brad « ford . A Specoi-atwb Saw . —A few days or » the following unuiual property was offered for public competition , at the Auction Mart , by Mr Marsh :-Jt was a judgment debt of £ 6 , 823 10 a . against the Honble . Francis Henry Fltzhardinee Berkeley , M . P ., for Bristol , at the suit of T . Q . H . Lerouz , banker , of Calais . The cause which led to the recovery of the debt was tried at the Sussex Spring Assizes , at Lewes , in Marc ! i ) . 5844 , when the verdict was given for the plaintiff , ' with interest thereon , at the rate of four per cent , from the 25 th of May , 1844 . The" lot was unsold .- [ We should think so ! l
A Nice Pair . —Jacft Dean , a notorious [ Bedfordshire horse-stealer , has been safely lodged in Wobunt gaol on several charges . His wife betrayed him , and claims a reward ! of £ 20 , which was ofered for his apprehension . Insects . —Apple-tre 8 blossoms and flowers in many * gardens are infested' with r small black insect . To destroy them :-To one gallon of gas liquor add eight Rallons of water ; disgnlTe half a peck of Jime in the liquid for two hours * then pour it off , and apply ifc with a syringe or engine . m A Nbw Substitbtb tob Cors . —From authentic information , recently received from the province o £ Pernambuco , it appears that Farinha de Mandioea ( or Casava ) may be obtained in any quantity . This article forms a hiahly nuBritious and , when properly prepared , an extremely palatable description of food . In Pernambuco it is eaten by all classes of DeoDle .
without exception , and its price varies from £ U 2 s . 5 id . to £ 1 19 s . Sd . per imperial quarter . Novel Combination . —A society has been formed atf £ V coffee-house , How Pavement , under thff title of " The Nottingham Importation Society , ' ? for the purpose of importing from America flour and other provisions for the consumption of its members . Phb English LANoaio * . —There are in the English language 20 , 500 nouns , 40 pronouns , 0 200 adjectives , 8 , 000 verbs , 2 , 800 > 8 hverb 8 , 69 prepositions , 19 conjunctions . 68 interjections , and 2 articles , in all above 40 . 000 words . Tns Parsnip . —We insert with much pleasure ths following important facfe . Those who have influence
over the peasantry , and wh&take an interest in their welfare , will no doubt dtreet their attention to tha importance of not being wholly dependent upon ths potato : —" Luscombe-gardens , Dawlish . March 23 , 1847 .-1 , 200 feet of land produced 1 . 660 lbs . of parsnips , being after the rate of 60 , 258 lbs ., or 28 tons 18 cwt . 2 ibs . per statute acre , which valued at 1 farthing per lb ., would return 462 15 s 4 } d . If wa say 25 tons per acre , we shall get the return £ 58 6 s 8 d . Herman Richard Saunders , gardener to C . floare , Esq-. —Hark Lane Exprm . The IIkro op Wioram . —The Vienna Gazette announces the death of the Archduke Charles .
A Flunks ? of Fine Fbbuxos . — " Why did yoa quit your last place ? " saidja gentleman to his groom , who presented himself for the service of his cab the other day ; did Captain R . discharge you V "N . > . " ' Was he a bod master ? " "On the contrary ; gave good wages ; plenty of liveries , and as much help in the stable as one wanted . " "Then why leave his service V " To say the truth , sir , I found it very disagreeable in winter time at Melton . Cnptain R . [ did not belong to the right club , or live in the first set , and ^ then he " was so very dull ia the tilbury , I really could not stand it !" Forgery . —At the Glasgow Spring Circuit Court , Mr John Henry , confectioner , was convicted . of altering notes of the Glasgow Banking Company to denominations of a higher value , and sentenced to > 20 years' transportion .
Singular Occurrbngb . —As Mr Brisbane , the younger , ef Makerstoun , was returning from fishing on Wednesday last , and passing along the walk towards the Mansion House , two partridges , male and female , suddenly started up within a few yards of him . After taking a circuit , the birds flew towards each other with such violence that one of them was killed instantaneously , and the other , which was * picked up by Mr Brisbane , survived the shock only a few minutes . —Keh » Chronicle . A Bbe Alive Embedded in Tew . —A few days since , as the daughter of Mr J . Smith , North-road , Preston , was breaking a turf , she discovered a large bee embedded in a small cell not larger than the animal itself . The bee was alive , but did not attempt to take wing , though it commenced humming ; but the girl , l eing afraid , unfortunately killed it .
Funeral op Sir Walter Scott . —The Edinburgh Courant gives the following account of interment . Although considered private , it had more the appearance of a public funeral . The tradesfolk of Melroae , dresscdin deep mourning , met the cortege , which consisted of twenty carriages , at the church , and preceded the hearse to the Cvoss , where they drew up in two lines , and uncovered while the mourners passed . All the shops were shut , not only in this village but in Darnick . Mr W . S . Lockhart , 16 th Lancers , was the chief mourner . The funeral service ( as in the case of the author of" Waverley" ) was performed by Archd . Williams ; and the day being beautiful , the ceremony , amid the ruins , was highly imposing . niausKMEBT
• us iv&iijways . —io can'uiaie me speed at which you are travelling on a telegraphed railway , multiply by 2 the number of telegraph posts you pass in a minute , by 4 those you pass in half a minute , or by eight those you pass in a quarter of a minute , and the result , in each cese , will be the number of mileB you are then travelling per hour , the posts being arranged 30 to a mile . Lola Monies . —The Augsburg Gazette publishes the following from Lola Montes , dated ' . Munich , April 29 th : — " Worn out with being made the mark of ao many secret and malicious reports , I denounce * as infamous calumniators all who speak , write , or
print evil against me without being able to prove it . " Admission to view the House of Lobds . —On Monday the public were admitted to view the House of Lords without tickets , and will continue to ba admitted on appeal days , which are Mondays , Tuesdays , and Thursdays , irom 11 to 4 . The admission on Saturdays will still be by ticket , to bo obtained at the Lord Chamberlain ' s office , on Wednesdays only . Death op Gkn . W . Diott . — This , one of the oldest Generals in the British Army , died on the 7 th inst . at his seat Fairford , near Lichfield , after a lengthened illness , and at . the expiration of more than 67 years * service .
Military Savings Banks . —A return showing the sums deposited in , and withdrawn from , military savings-banks during the year ending 31 st March , 1846 i announces the former to have been £ 36 , 234 and the latter £ 24 , 563 . Preston Peerage . — A claimant for the Preston and Esk peerage has made his appearance in the person of Sir R . Graham , Bart ., as will be seen by the following entry upon the journals t— " Petition of Sir R . Graham , Bart ., praying her Majesty to declare
and establish the right to the-title , honours , and dignities of Viscount' Preston and Baron Graham , of Esk to belong to the petitioner and his heirs . " It has been referred to the Committee of Privileges . Prisonebs for Debt in Irsj , an » . —It appears that the total number of persons incarcerated in the various debtors' prisons of Ireland amounted , on New Year ' s-day last , to 7 , 865 » of whom 154 were confined for debts not exceeding £ 2 : ;; 1 < , 83 ) tor debts of £ 5 ; 1 , 257 for debts of £ 10 ; 782 for debts of £ 20 ; and 9 , 142 for debts above £ 2 . 0 .
Turning One ' s Cquntbnakcb to Account . — There is an old maid in : Walnut-tree Court , who can look so sour , that she g « es eut by the day to make pickles . It savesa heap of yineuar . Eablt Rising . —A man in Missouri planted some beans late one afternoon , and' next morning they were up—thanks tahiB hens . HOW TO ACQgJHB THE SaOMISH DlAtECT . —Itt New York there is a man , who-has some whisky bo * good that alter drinking a glass of it you speak broad * Scotch . A Pair of Boots . —A M * s- Boots , of this State ,, has left her husband , andi strayed to parts unknown . We cannot say , however tii&t Mrs Boots is rip / abut there is no mistake that Mr Boots is left .
Extensile Robbeiud . r aa CiERK . —On Wednssday information was received by . the police that John Beeson , o \ eik and coUeciovto Abrahams and Co ., wholesale grocers ^ No Ijlft Middlesex-street ,. Whitechapeljiad absconded ; with . £ 180 , the prope&ty of his employers . Robbery of Postage ; Stamps . —Oh Wednesday information was received by the polios- that the hosse of Mr Boar , stationer , Wiraborc 8 v had been plundered of twelve thousand postage stamps , valued ai > £ 50 . Anothk * Hiss in thb Prick o $ Bread . —On Wednesday a further advance of one halfpenny in the price oVtlitt ^) . of bread took plac& throughout the metropolis , the loweBt price now being lOJd ., and tuebe&tisls . tti * 48 Uo& ? .
Dui « k Powjors , —The Comtma states that there has been so . great a quantity of potatoes planted in Holland this year , that if the crop prove a moderate average , one-fourth will bo sufficient for tho consumption of the country , and the remainder may be exported . Military Prison at Windsor . —A new prison is in course of erection near the cavalry barracks at Spittal , intended as a place of punishment for offending soldiers in garrison at Windsor , instead of sending them to the Penitentiary , as heretofore , lhe new prison will contain eight solitary sells , and a spacious yard for occasional exercise , or the * hard labour" ordered by sentence of court-maitial .
Swit * brland . — We learn that a very well-known known superior Swiss officer intends , in oase of a breach b etween the Porto and Greece , to take to the assistaiice of the latter an auxiliary corps of no fewer than 8 , 000 Swiss . Franoe will guarantee the pay , and convey the troops , iu steamers , in dutaoknients of 600 men . Imperial AB 3 uni > iTT .--The Emperor of Russia has appointed his grandson , the Grand Duke Vl&di " mir-Alexandrewitch , who is not above a few daya old . commander of the Imperial Dragoon Guards ,
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Mat 15 > 1847 - the northe rn star /
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 15, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1418/page/3/
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