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A SOKG OF THE STABVIXG . BT ECRSt JOHES . Now , hart ye on the highland , Now , hixk ye in the glen , Throughout our . fertile island—¦ . ¦ . .-. '¦' The song of starring men : There ' s honour for the waster - '' ¦ - While money ' s in his span ; - There ' s plenty for the master ^— ~ Bat there's nothing for the man .... There * * wealth for hnilding churches , "• ¦ ¦¦ ' There ' s food for honnd and steed ; " "But the country is a desert Por the paoper in his need .
¦ .. ; 3 fow , hark ye in the cottage—Now . hark ye in the mill— - The people have tti « power , , : If they only had the will ! Xet Mm still fang a fetter . ' "Who brooks to be a stare , And calls the man a better He knows to be a faww . Aslongasyewill ' trncMe , ' So long will fteyeppreis :. -. , _ Hope not , to win from ottm , . , Butfrom yottridoei— -redresB . Iffow , hark ye in the palace— - ¦ ; Now , hark ye in the halt—Te men of silent malice ! ;" '
And ye men of bloody thrall t . Can ye facethe judging nation , - Te that feasted on their pain , And made their desolation The foundation of your gain ! Then down—each tarnished scutcheen ! And down—each hi tted fame ! "The million paupers djing Cry shame upon yoa!—Shame ! . - Sow , nark , je on the highland , Now , hark je in the glen : ¦ Rememb er , that ye struggle "With measures , not with ncn ! Te need not crash the mighty , But take away his might : \ 7 e ask not retribution , - ' We ask but for onr right .
Andhe is not my brother By whom a wrong is done ; Or visits on another ¦ What he would wish to shun . Then , hark ye on the highland , ~ And hark ye in the glen , Throughout onr Messed island The song of stricken men . ; Theshipwrec ked sailor wending To a hareti of snre rest ; * The wounded bird descending On it * lonely forest nest .. They feel no exultation ,. . On earth , or air . or sea . Like the gladness of a nation Thathas striven—and isfrea ! -
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&wite » Joanna . JPart IV . London : I'll ( corner of Surrey-street ) , Strano . We have already given quotations from the contents ef this part , to wit , Freiligrath ' s poem on •' Ireland ; " and Wfllfam Howitt ' s article on "National Education and Government Education . " The valuable series of papers entitled " Physiology fer the People" constitute a striking feature ef this periodical . From the "Record of Popular Progress " we give the following extract : —
The " Christian CaauumcedUK' famraOg entertained ty the Pope . —We leant by letters from Borne that Mr J . H . Morgan , the benerolent and indefatigable projector of the Christian Commonwealth , or self-supporting Til . lageof 300 families , has been honoured by an interview with his Holiness the Pope , at which be was permitted to explain his plan for ameliorating the condition of the irotJany classes . His Holiness was ' pleased to express ^ e BreatinterestwKcli be felt fa the design , ana his approbation of its charitable purpose . He accepted
copies of Mr Morgan ' s work , the "Christian Commonwealth . " in French and English , and a lithographic pnnt ilhutrativs of the proposed village : having previously allowed a transparent painting of the same to be placed in his apartment , and having devoted to it considerable attention . The most patient consideration has t >« n given to the . design by the different religious bodies « f Home , especiall y by the Scotch and Irish colleges ; by tSe latter it was recognised as the most likely means , « wer Providence , of averting the evils which afflict the f uteralana . We learn moreever , that the Pop « haj
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: ¦ ¦ ¦ referred Mr Morgan's proposal to tbs-examination of the Agricultural . Conuaruion , of which , the Sardinal Mas-1 simb is president ; aad that . it is expeoted their report willbefoUbwednp . bytheestablishment ora ' model vll . lagein the Campari diBoma . H Suea- » movement on the part of the head of the Catholic- Ghoreh demands the utmost gratitude from Christiana , of all denomhu . tions ; whom we trust it will excite to . ' emftatidn in a work so noble and excellent , and so Wghlj calculated to relieve the present and prevent the tatuee- sufferinwof the industrious poor . ... .,- . . JS ^ J ^ t ?? * 3 « Spraying of a ' French medal struck in commemoration ef the sanguinary perfidy ofthe Austrian despotism ia 18 i& . On the convert B a figure of Liber ty ; ingcribing with the cresof Gallicta , the ' chief scenes of thehvaiid the names of the principal assassinsindndine their ^* ^*^* ^ gB"gSg
, direc tor-in ^ hief , the hated Metternich ; on the reverse , between the dagger and torch ' , symbols of yiolei-ceand dwtrtction . stands the Inscription :--LaDemocratte Frangaise a fait frapper cetteinedaille , pourlivrer leg autenrs des massacres de Gal-™*« a r exeecration dn mondeetdela ppst | rit 6 . » I Ine Democracy of France has caused this inedal to be strnck . to consign the authors of the massacres oF Gallicia to the execration of the world and of posterity . ] , ' i . ™ jll ln 8 tration 8 to tWs P are geod ; that of '"The Rivals" in No . 16 is yery beautiful ; ¦ '¦ - ¦ '
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The PeopUu Journal ; PartXVI . London : J . Ben . " nett , 69 , " Fleet-street . . . " . This part contains a vanetv of well-writtpn ' and interestine articles on " . The Treatment of Crime . " byLordNueent ; "Italy . " by L . Mariotti ; "Democracy in Europe , ' * by Joseph Maaini ; "Art-Edncation-for the People . " by George Wallis ; "¦ Magic' and Demonoloey , " by John Duncan ; •' Recent American Communities , " by Goodwyn Barroby ; &c ., &c ., &c . / ... .. ; ... , We are sorry to have to express bur dissent from the temper and tone of Mr Mazzini ' 8 article . Some ef his arenments are snfBcientl v startling and Worthy of serious thought ., but he indulges in . . aflippant readiness of dennnciation which will not serve his purpose . Lord Nuaent ' s article promises well for his intended series of papers-c ^ A . Crime . " - He argues that , — . .. ; , .
We are not justified in punishing , only because the offender detenu it , unless we can also show that thereby we probably giveprotectiori to society . ' eiftwby reforming him . or by deterrine others , by the example of his punish , meat , from committing alike offence . ; "He deserves it , " must therefore not be urged as atone justifying any punixhmpnt . ' ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' .- ¦' - . Further , we must assume that' we are not jastified , even for fte sake of eiving protection to society ; in inflictine a punishnipnt fe ^ ond what the nature of the offence morally deserveg . A « , for example ; we should not be justified in punishing with death the offenee of robbing anorchard , although we roisht be satisfied that , by so doing , we might probably prevent the robbing of orchards in future .
Again , even thbngh the offender may morally deserve thepunishment , andthoDghtheinflintionofitmayprobsbly tend toprotect society from thepreT 3 lmceoftheoffence , we are not justified in inflicting it , if it appear that society may be equally well protected against the prevalenca of the offene * at a e&eap « r rate—tiiat is , by the infliction of aless measure of punishment . And . lastly , to justify the punishment , ft must be shown , continually , as education advances , and the same ends of Protection become attainable at a less expense ,, that the necessity of the punisbment still remains the same . And , in respect of all these , we' assume that the duty of justifying the punishment is fairly cast on the party counselling the continuance , as it would on the party counselling the firs-adoption of it . ' --Several illustrations gracft this nart : the best is an enaraving of "The Erl Kins , " from the fresco painting of B . Nehr , in the Grand Duchy Castle at Weimar . . '
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^^¦ ¦¦^¦ ¦ ^ ¦¦¦¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ PHHMHaMnHM ^ woyany ' onB ' shouldmanifeittowtrdathem ' somuch'dli . iaterestedness and generosity . " . r ) n ¦]¦ . ' , ¦ : ' .. " . v ^ : ; * "You are right . sir , " . said Begina ,. " and this distsnst » a cutting satire oa the past . " . , ' * * , > 1 "At last the association was fanned /' : added Claude ; " six . months after the commenceroeatof operations the neoessary buildings were constructed , aad . shortly , after theancieht village was destroyed with a sort ofi jpjH > u 3 solemnity ^ As for the happiness and ease whtcbtblfcpb ? palation , lately so miserable , bow- ^ enjoy , if youi will aaoompany me > what you witness , will conyinee you ,, of 'fte marvellous , results of this broth' erhoodi" '"'* ' ' ' ' ¦ i : Thia Part eondudes the fourth vbluras of thq I &mil y . Untold , —a . volume which kas exceeded the enormous circulation , of . its predecessors . We hope the like success will be'deserwd and obtaiafid by tbe fortbxomingvolume .- ,. ; n - -i ¦ -s ; : .:: ! - M , ^» , »
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The MustcatBerate . , Part ; XII . L ( mdoa »; S . B ^ g « v ¦ . . ;•;; , ; ; fli , isjfuj . . J ) f . . , ,. . j We fear that this publication ha 3 not met with the support it ? has throBghoat ^ so well deserved ; otherwise we would not have the announcement of its conelusion . As it is , however , this part renders ' complete two handsome ' volumes of music arid , musical literature , unrivalled for cheapness , and in taste and judgment net inferior to many highpriced works . ; ...... ...:
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The Trial qf . thej , Mechanics- at Liverpool ; before Mr , Baron Rctfe and a Special Jury ) on the 2 nd and Srd , April ,, 18 i'J . fora Conspiracy . Compiled and edited from the Short-hand Writer ' s ' Notes ; by W . : 'P Roberts , the Attorney ' for the Defence . '¦ ' Loridon : Northern star office .. Manchester ,: Abel Hey-. wood , Oldham-street . , t . ,, M _ .. ; , ' ( . .-., ¦ '¦ ' ¦¦ The 8 abject-mattef of this " Report" has been so fully agitated in our columns ,-week after week for some months past , that it is quite unnecessary-to do more than intimate , that , this is a most admirable history of the " Trial . " ^ Every member ofaTrades ' Society should fo thwith procure a copy . We subjoin from the 'f introductory narrative" an anecdote of the celebrated indictment : — . ¦ ¦ . < : s . ... '
The True Bill against the defendants measured in length fifty-seven yards—it ' Was ' written oh' upwards of seventy skins of parchment—it ' wasmenrly twice as long as the Monster Indictment in " The Quetn against DanielO'ConriellandOthers "— -and twenty times as long as that in "The Queen against Feargus O'Connor and fifty-nine Others . " "I could notiBakeout , " ' saidabar . rister to Mr , Roberts , " . what the . deviljt was that was coming . I fancied , at first , it must be a petition for the release of Frost . Williams ; and Jones . "
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MlSCBLLANKOUS . —*! ThK Man " IS ' THE MOON . " Nos . 4 ando . Edited by Albert Smith and Angus B . Reach ( Clark ( ' . Warwick-lane ) .. A rare sixpennyworth of fun . < € The Midland FiORiST f""May ( Simpkin and . Marshall ) .: The-Galendar of Operations in the Kitchen and . Flower . Garden will . j be found exceedingly useful to many besides professed horticulturists ; the other contents are interesting . VGtBNNl ' S MOHIHLT RsVIBW OP ¦ HOBTiCOtTOBB " No . 1 , May ( W . Hilditch , 420 , ( Strand ) ., This publication is intended to combine the features of a magazine arid monthly newspaper , with all that can
instruct and amuse , the lovers of a garden . This number contains several , valuable articles . '' The Meiebs' Advocate , " May ( W . Dauiells , . Donglaa , Isle of Man ) , contains matter of much interest to , the miners .: ; . ' * Tb ! e IIbrald of Co-opbraiion ;" No . 4 ( Robinson , . Douglas , Isle of Man ) .. "Mackznzib ' s Bailwat Monthly Time and Fare Tables " ( E . Mackenzie , lllvFleet-street ); With the "Supp ' ement , " this sheet is the ' most astonishing production of the day . . For twopence the traveller may supply himself with full and accurate information concerning the railways , L coaches , omnibuses , steamers , the fares , &c , &c . l &o . ; , ¦ •¦• • - ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ '
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, The following are the principal exhibitiona , places of note , museums , &c , in the metropolis , open to public iuspection , and will proye . a guide to country visitors to London during the Whitsun holidays : — TheTowerof London—Open from 10 to 4 . Admission la ., viz ., to the armories , 6 d . ; to the'jewel office , 6 d .. The objects of curiosity , independent of the ancient buildings , are an immense store of firearms , a collection of cannon , armour , &c . ; the jewel office containing the crown and- other insignia of royalty . Near the Tower is the Custom-house , the long room of which will repay the visitor for a visit . - ; . .. ; . . „ ¦ - } -: mv St Paul ' s Cathedral—Open from 10 iill dusk . The charges are , to the monuments of England ' s heroes 2 d . ; galleries . 6 d . ; vaults , Is . ' ; dock , 2 dy ; libraries , models , &c , Is . ; to the ball at the dome ls . 6 d .. . . ,.- ¦• - ;; . ' . ; r ¦ ¦ -. '
Westminster Abbey—Open . from 9 to , dusk . Admission 6 d . ' " - \ The Monument—Open dailj from 9 to dusk . On paying 6 d . a visitor may ascend to the top . Guildhall , King-street , Cheapside- ^ Free , daily , from 10 to 3 , contains some fine monuments of marble . ' j . ¦ - .. ; : .:. ;; ¦; :. ¦ ¦' ¦ : > '¦' : ¦ ¦ .: ?• . . ' - ¦ .: . ; The Thames Tunnel ( Wappins and Rotherhithe)—Open constantly bothnight and day , the toll being Id . This is one of the most remarkable structures ' in the world , built under the bed ofthe Thames .- = It is brilliantly lighted with gas . y , .- , ¦ .,.. ( i ., . Model of Jerusalem—Mr Brunnetti ' s model of the Holy City will be viewed with peculiar interest at the present season , when- the mind ' naturally reverts to ' ; the events which have consecrated , it'toithe , observance of Christians of all denominations . . It was in Jerusalem that the great mystery of man ' s redemption
was wrought ^ : ' not a spot is visible , " says'Disraeli ; " that is not heroic or sacred , consecrated or memorable . Every rock arid valley bears in its name the memories of the ' old Hebrew patriarchs and prophets —the magnificent kings ' of Judah ,: or the terrible Roman conquerors , the Jewishpriestoor the Christian martyrs . The realisation of this grand and solemn city is to be seen in the beautiful model now being exhibited in Piccadilly . - ¦ -It will well repay the trifling charge and trouble of . a visit by the definite and cor ' rect idea it gives of a spot . the . moat sacred , most interesting ; and the most celebrated in the " world . Christ ' s . Hospital ; or Blue-coat School , Newgatestreet—Open daily ,, free , one of ; the , most splendid amongst the charitable'foundations of London . Westminster : Hall—Freei ' -Its length"Is 270 feeti breadth « . and 90 feetiaheight :,: - > . = \ ,, . „ . ¦'
Duke of York ' s Monument , St James ' s Park—Open from 12 to 3 ; admission , 6 d . . . The Royal Mint , oh Tower-hilli-Opeii daily from 11 ; to . 3 , free . The mechanical contrivances of . this vast manufacture . of money are most complete , - but the public are , not permitted to witness their operations , unless upon special application '; : 7 i r ' •' - British Museum , Great Russell-street , 'Blobmsbury —Free . . ' . . •¦ ; . . . .... .. . :.- .. ¦ ; ., East India Company ' s Museum—Open on Saturdag from 11 to 3 , free , containing eastern curiosities of a highly interesting character , trophies , paintings ,
manuscripts , ivory carvings , and maay specimens of Indian ingenuity . . ' --- ¦¦•• • ;¦ - Missionaries' Museum , Bloomfield-street , Moorfields—Open en Tuesday ; Thursday / and Saturday ; from 10 to 4 , free ; a judicious collection of objects ot natural history , ornaments of feathers , idols , &c , from the countries which have been benefited by the heroic exertions of missionaries . ' o ; -. ' :. Geological , MnseumJr . Craig ' s-court , Charing Cross —Open , gratis , daily , from 10 to 4 . Attractive to those who take an interest in the structure of the earth , its strata , minerals , dec . ;• all the specimens are British , except the ores . _ ... ; ,,-. . . ,,,, ; , , - .. ; VJ « A W U 1 J Vlvui ^«» v ^ w m v «««^ v »^^ v h . « . ; 2 i' £ '' I * - * :. \ i
' Sir John Soane ' s Museum , Lincoln ' s Inn-fields—Open on Thursdays and Fridays , ' from 10 to 4 , free , consisting ) of statuary , paintings , models ,. antique relics , &c . ; ] . : ¦¦ ,. i :, ¦;¦ : •;• - i-n ' :. -. -V-v . ;;;> :., ¦ . Surgeons' Museum , Lincoln ' s Inn-fields — Open , gratuitously , the first four days of the week , from 12 to 4 , containing several thousand curious and-valuable anatomical subjects , collected by the celebrated John Hunter . - Royal' Institution Museum , Alberaarle -street Piccadilly—Open daily , from 10 to 4 , by a member ' s order ; -contains specimens of minerals ,- chiefly British . - , -,
United Service Museum , Scotland ryard , Whitehall—Open daily , by member ' s order , from 11 to 5 ; contains models ' of ships , statues , images , paintings , &c , collected by British officers . There is a room exclusively devoted to articles from China . : ; , ! : National Gallery , Trafalgar-square—O pen free the first four days of the week , from 10 to 5 . ' Royal Academy , Trafalgar-square—Open daily from 8 to 7 . Admission Is . ' .- . ; ,: : ,,,. i . i British Institution , 52 , Pall-mall — ¦ Open daily from 10 to 5 ; for paintinga . by British Artists . Admission Is . / Suffolk-street Gallery , Pall-mall — Open daily . Admission Is . Oil and water-colour painting . Society of Painters in Water Colours ; 53 , Pali , mall—Open daily from 9 to dusk . Admission Is .
St . James ' s Gallery , 58 , Pall-mall — Open daily from 9 to 6 , admission Is ., with a collection of English , Flemish , Italian and Dutch schools ; including Titian ' s Venus . . ; Colosseum , Regent ' s ' Park— Open daily , with panoramic views of London , museum of sculpture , artificial ruins , conservatories , &o . Admission 2 a . ' Diorama , Regent ' s Park—Open daily from 10 to 5 . Stalls 2 i . saloon Is . Consists of two-views : by an ingenious piece t > f mechanism the room in which the _ spectator sits is moved to the pictures , the various shades - of light , marking , day and night , storm and suns ^ aire , are admirable managed . ¦ . ¦ , - >•' ¦ ¦¦' ¦; Burford ' s . ' Panorama , Leicester-square — Open daily , admirsionls . An exhibition of views of first rate merit . .-.- : ..-i , .-- ;
PolyterJnnic Institution—Open daily , 309 , Regentstreet remission Is . One of . the most , interesting exnib ) nons in the metropolis . : - Swiietyof Arts , John-street , Adelphi- ^ -Open daily , admission by member ' s order . A society to promote usfjfnl inventions ; the models , machines , the celebrated Barry ' s paintings , will repay a visit . Greenwich Hospital—Open daily , f ^ om § to > iu 8 k ,
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admittance to the hal ! 3 d ; ' ' This is , the ; finest building in Europe 'devbte ' d ' to" charitable' purposes ; tlfo JJj ^^ J ^ ator y , &o ., aregreat attractions of this WoolwighQack yard-Open daily , free * for building ^• fm ^ Ro yal Arsenal , rope ^ ard , artillery temcks ^ Jitery ^ paitory , &c . ' ; t ^ Chelse » Ho 3 pitoCcneisea ^ 6 pen eTOry-day-freei Forinvahdisoldtera ; : chapel , r hall , tlibrary , 4 o ; j well worthy of inspection . . ' -yrJwv ^ J - ^ . " ^ . n ' ^ [ DuJwichigQllege-iEjitary day in the ^ foronooB , ex cept Fnda } j , , free byatibket from asy respectable pnntseller .-in , town ,. contains a valuable oollection of pictures . ¦ . ?! - ¦ .: '•; i ? , : ¦• : ¦ \ u ' k . ' . ¦ : : . " ¦ .:- ¦ - ¦ ¦ , Zoolog&al . G ^ ens ^' '! ^ ehtS ' ' Pai ^ Opeh dailvi fromlOtto duslfc bjamsmber'i order .: A la * ge collection tianimallifow - . n :. ' . - . ; r , . ,.,, :: : ¦ :
Madame Tussau'ffs ExhiWtion of Public CJiaraci ter « , Jivingand deact .. mo djelled in Wax with great skill , and dressed i ft . appropriate costamei A splenJ didexhtbitipa , admission 13 . ' !¦ . »'' :.. ;! .. ! ' . ' T ^ ^ % '" « . Wwairs ' inaylb ' eJ ^ isiied free , and are welf worth ^ of attention ^ ; . ;' , ' : ; , ' ,,:.. ;' . „ . '¦¦ ,.:. "¦ ,, . ¦ ,- . ' Pantheqn ^ Oxford-street , where there is ' a choice collection pfpiptures , arid an aviary . Sbho Baiaar ' Soho Quare ^ hefln » testablished ,: jnf Lohdoiif ahd a place of fashionable resort ' . Lowther-Baaaar and Arcade , m West Strand ^ p Burlington Arcade , Pio-i cadilly . King , street Baaaar , :. Portman-souare . Panteohmcon ; Pimlico ; and' Baker-stree ^ t ^ BaVaar Baker-street , Oxlordrstreet . > . ' ' > : ¦¦ - ¦ •¦ - i ' - : ¦ " -strr
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THESE ARE THE CHAMBERS' OF 1 I 4 S . : l-We have already shown to our readers \ the " Cliambers' of 1847 ; W now refer to theprevious opinions of these changeable economists . .. - ¦ Whence this wonderful change ?] . ' —11 . '" . , ' . , . . . IMPROVEMENT . OF . WASTE ' LANDS- . ¦ ¦ <
SPADE HPSBANDRY . .:. & . ., ;¦ . ¦ ,- /¦ ^ ( Fromthe Information for the People , No . $ 2 . ) In the farms of 6 acres , we found no plough . tiorse , or cart ; the only asriciiltiiral implement , besides the spade . fork , and wheelbarrow , which we observed , wasalight wonden harrow , ; which miRht be'drapged by the hand . ' The , farmer had ho assistance besides that of his wife and . children ; excepting sometimes inliarvest , when we . found he ^ occasionally ; pbtained the assistance of a neighbour , ' or hired a ^ abbtirer at a franc per day . The whole of the land is dug with the spade , and trenched very deep ; but ' as the soil is light , the labour of digcine . i 3 . not rereatV The
stock , pn the small . farms which , ; we ; , examined , consisted of k couple of cows , acalf , pr . two , oneor ^ two pics , sometimes _ a goat of " two , " . ' and some poultry . The cows are altogether , stall-fed . on straw , turnip . % clover , rye , yetohes , carrots , pptatpes ,. and a kind , of soup iriade by boiling ' up p ' btatoes ^ peas / beans , bran , cut hay . Ac . into one mess , and which , being given . warrri , is Baid to Be ' iyery- wholesome , ; and' to ( promote the secretion of milk . "In some districts ' the grains ' ofthe brewerierand distilleriesare / u ^ 'd for the ' cattle ; and the failure'of-the Belgian distilleries has been reckoned a calamity on account of -the > loss' of the supply of manure which was produded b y cattle fed in the stalls ofthese ' establishments ' . Jf ' , ¦ .. ' , ¦ V . The success ofthe Belgian farmer ' depends mainly
upon the numTOrofcattlewhich he can maintain by the produce ' of his [ 'land , the general lightness of . the Boil rendering the constant application of manure absolutely newssary to the production of a ' orop . ; i The attention of the cultivator is always , 'therefore , especially directed to oKain a sui ply , of manure ' . ' Spine small farmers , with " tliis view , agfee " with ' a sheepdealer to find stall-roomand straw for his sheep , to attend to them ] and to furnish fodder at the market price , on condition of retaining the dung ; The small farmer collects in his stable , ' in a fosse lined , with bricks , theydung and . moisture of his cattle . He buys sufficient lime .. to mingle with , the acourings of his ditches , and-, with the decayed . leaves , potato ^ ops , &o ., which heis careful to collectin ordertb enrich
, his compost , which is dug over tw" or three times in the course ofthe winter . : No portion of the farm ia allowed to ' lie faljow ; but it is divided into ' six or seven small plots , pn . each of which a system of rotation is adopted ; arid ' thus , with the : aid of manure , the powers of the soil are maintained unexhausted , in a state of constant activity . ' . The order of succession in the crops is various ; but we observed oh the six-acre farms , which we viaitedj ploU ' appropriated to potatoes , wheat , barley , clover , ( which ' had been sewn with the preceding year ' s barley , ) flax , carrots , turnips or" parsnips , vetches , and rye , for immediate use : as greefa ' 'food for cattle . * The flax
grown is heckled and spun by the farmer ' s wife , cbiefly during the winter ; and we . were tolH that three weeks' labour at the loom towards the spring enabled them to weave , into cloth all the thread thus prepared . The weavers are generally a distinct class from the small farmers ) though the labourers chiefly suppoited by the loom commonly , occupied about an acre of land , sometimes more , their labour upon the land alternating with their work at the loom . In some districts ,, we were infqrmed , every gradation in the extent of occupancy , from a quarter or half an acre to the six acre farm , is'to be found ; and In surh cases more work is done in the loom by , the smaller
occupiers . 1 The labour ; , of ;* $ e > field ,, tho management pftthe cattle , the preparation of manure , the regulating theirotatibh ; of crops ' , and the' necessity ¦ of carrying ' a certain portion of the produce to market , call for the constant exercise of industry , skill , and foresight , among the Belgian peasankfarnicre . ; ., and to these , flualities they add a rigid economy , habitual sobriety , and a contented spirit , ! which finds its chief gratification beneath the domestic roof , from which the father of the family rarely wanders in . search of excitement -abroad . - -It was most gratif ying to observe the coth ' : fort displayed in the whole , economy . of the households of these small cultivators , and the respectability in
which they lived . As far as I could learn , there was no tendency to the subdivision of the small holdings . I heard of none under five acres Heldbythe class of peasant-farmers ; and . six , seven * ior . eight acres , is the most common size . I The provident habits ' of these small farmers enable them to maintain a high standard of comfort , and . is '; necessarily opposed to such subdivision . Their marriages are not contracted so early as in Ireland , and the consequent struggle for subsistence among their offspring does not exist . The proprietors of the soil retain ' the' free and unrestricted disposal of their property , whether divided intosmaUeror . larger holdings . ' The common rent of land is about 20 s . an acre , and . the usual rate of wages for a day labourer is a franc ( or 10 J . ) a-day . ¦ ¦ ¦ small whose
• A' : occupier , farm ' we' examined near ' Ghent , paid , 224 r francs , per annum ; for about two bpnniers , or six acres , . of land , with a comfortable house , stabling , and other offices attached , all very good of their kind ; this makes the rent ( reckoning the franc at lOd . ) equal to JE 9 7 s . 6 ( h sterling per aunum ; and if we ; allow £ 3 Ta . Gd . for the rent of the house , 'stabling , arid other offices , there will be £ 0 , or f £ l per acre for the land ) which accords with the information we . > obtained at Antwerp , ! Brussels , and other olaces . ' as to the rent of land in that flat country , the soil of which is generally of the same quality ,. throughout . r The farmer hada wifennd five children , and appeared to , live in much comfort . He owed little or ' nothing , he said ; but he had no capital beyond that employed on his fairm . ' We questioned him respecting his resources in case' of sickness . He replied , that if he were ill , and . if his illness were severe and of long durationif would ' press
, heavily upon him ;' because it would interrupt 1 the whole farm-work ; and in order to provide for his fainilyarid pay the doctor , he feared he should be oblised'to sell part' of his stock . If his wifeand ' family were long ill , and he retained his strength , the doctor would give h m credit , and he should be able to pay him by degrees in the course of a year or two . . Ihe thought of applying for assistance in any quartered appeared never to have entered ; his mind ; Wesuggested that the Bureau de . Bienfaisance , or . charitable individuals ; might afford him aid in such a difficulty | but , with evident ' marks of surprise at the suggestion , he . replied cheerfully that he must take care of himself . „ If a sick club or benefits Bociety ^ were established among these people , so as to enable them by mutual assurance to provide for the casualty of sickness , the . chief : source of suffering ; to their families would be obviated , and there would be little leftto wiBb . for or amend in their social condition . '
COMPARATIVE VAWJK OF 8 PADE HDSBAKDRY . : . I . It is , we believe , an , indisputable fact , that a garden produces heavier crops , space for space , than a field under ordinary culture witli' the plough ' . " I& regard to difference sf produce , an experiment ws » tried in the neighbourhood of Hamilton , expressly to ascertain that ' poirit . ' A field : was taken , which bad been cropped with beans the preceding ^ year , and ihe previous year with oats . Two ridg « s were dug , ' and two plonghed alternately , and thewhole was sown eo . the sa ™ . 6 day . - . . A- P « rt both of the ploushed and due was
drilled with the garden-hoe . Thewhole was reaped the same day , and . being thrashed out ' , the' result was , that the dug land sown ; broadcast , was to the ploughed sown broadcast , as fifty-five bushes to fortytwo ; while the dug and drilled was as twenty and a quarter bushels to twelve and a quarter upon the ploughed and drilled . The additional grain produced was notthe only beneficial result gained by digging ; for in this instance there was also a great ' deal of straw , and the land was much more free of weeds , and more easily cultivated next year . —Sir John Sinclaws Code of Agriculture ..
Some soils , however , are unsuitable ftr spade hus bandry ; as for instance , heavy wot mnds liable ti inundation ; stony , gravelly , or shallow soils , mon especially if incumbent on ohalk . Manual labour i also inapplicable where the clirnato is precarious and it is neoessary to be expeditious in tilling th land , and in sowing and harrowing for a crop . Oi these aooounts , spade husbandry cannot be univet sally resorted to with advantage either to the cul tunst or the community . With respect to its eco nomy , wneae it b available , there are two ques tions , . ^ . ' ( Toli cwtimdJ
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; THB ^ HAND AND _ 1 TS CAPABILITIES . ! ^ 'ED" 0 »^ HaTW wUhlnany : other of my friends r ^ T ^ . ?^ ' * 'o the accuracy of the atateraents Slln , * l 'dvantages derivable from the Small , JS ^ &ftW . * . ^^ I ' owed mjaelf and friends * %£ ?¦ . $% * . & !»«* . *» : the success of-the . land : movement ,, to address . * few lines to the author of the articles tnf' ^^^ the "Star , andforthe satisfaction of alk . who like rtiv self may have hadithoir doubts , I beir tbSaivUt " ip ; ipiSi £ ^ liig lateltp remove tt . ose . doubts which reveQt many from joining Jhe . Land Company . You will please so to do in your-next valuablenumher . . ' - •¦ •
.::-. ; : ¦ -.: . . " : IhaT » the honour to be , Sir , ; '"' : ¦" , ' " ¦'"" * ¦ : ' . ! -.: ' . ¦ ' - ¦ ¦ . ¦ ; h : f ?" 1111 obedient and obligediSwvant ,. ;! ; ' i ' - " i ' . ' ¦ : , ¦ '¦ ¦; : ¦>'¦ : ¦¦ :: ¦ ¦ ¦ .- . ;; - ¦ ¦ AtFRED-BliATOHtEI . ; Appleford Berkshire , 11 th May , 1847 ; .. •» : ¦ : ¦ - < ¦ .... ¦' . ' t . i ,: i ! -w ;; , " . ¦¦¦ .. ¦¦ . - ! li ^— . . ! : ¦ ' •)¦¦¦¦ :: ¦ : ¦¦ : ;¦ : . ;; " c ^ ' f' :: '"" ' ' : ;¦ : ' . ¦¦ ' Applefbrd ; 17 th : Asprii ; i 8 l 7 . ' : . Sib , —Having noticed a paragraph In , the ; "Northern S » ' , ° ^ ; lth i fl ? )?*» » aid to be a . true acopunt of yoar !? , i > . ^' . P r 9 du P . e on your farm of . two awes > , and being myself desirous to obtain two or three shaieifcin the Lnnd Dompany , I take the liberty of writing'to you' mp ' rely to satisfy myself that what isstated in the " Stai , '' which is tak « n from > the , « Pe 6 ple '« Journal , "faebrrect . If you will have the kindness to send me a line by return of post , mmly to say , whether , or not il-may depend upon what is stated iu the " Star , " you will much oblige , v * Si ' . » . ^^;^
Dei * ( ji ^^ t * ^ ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ .. ' ¦ ¦ Keisale , April 89 , 1847 . UEA * SiB . —In . reply , to your letter of to-daj I feel ~ Tre ln in ! iOr . llllng y « at v the statemen f ° a ! I . 8 / . ored n thB ' . "People ' s' Journal , " and tt « K n - ^ 8 tatcments *»•* m » y » pp «^ !? % ^ . n 1 ' . ,, W . aH f )« m , may be relied upon as being correct ., ...,-.,. -, . i ; j .. . .. l . am ' , yours truly , ¦;¦>¦ .,.,,. ' - ; . ° ¦
-.. a few words from a political slave . " to the free and . 'independent occupants ' ; ;^ . ; , ; ; . ' of . ; : o'connorville . ' ¦ .. ' ,. ,..:. . < , .,,,,. Bbethebn , .. J ,, '! .... ; , . ; . :. . ¦ „ ., ; ..., : ? ,, :.-, . . . -,... .-" . Allow me to coBgratuiate you on the fortunate change in your position ; not that I for a moment believe you can as yet have derived any apparent behefltfroin that change j no , on ; the ' contrary , the extraordiiiary high price of seeds and plants , combined with ' the exorbitant price of every d . ?? . 9 r on . pravisicns , must have a tendency to dishearten those amongst you who cannot seebeyond the present time j : whilst these circumstances will prompt to greater exertion' those who can view ' the system in all its bearinBS . v . ¦ " . '" ¦ ' - ¦ . "' .. i ; ' V :.. '" ' .. . . : ; . ,
r ... Xpu ' cpuldhotpoMiblyV . have ' . been located at amore unfavourable time than the present ; because you must wait for . a considerable time ( beforeyou can derive much food from jour own land , whereas ; ' ypu must pay an enormous price for everything you consume ' . . until your own produce ' is ready f yet , notwithstanding < these appareiit ^ disadvantages , I envy , your position ! I loag to be free ! . to possesSjan ; independent means of procuring a livelihood ! to ba enabled to set tyrants- ' at defiance ' ! ' to be master of my own actiens—and to give free expression to my own sentiments ' . ! ' ., ' , ? v . '" j These . areafeivof tha invaluable priviieges you noV N ; 'yon""a"fr « emen 7 ^ Iih ' Bh "'" inwtaust { Dle " » Tu"fce from whence ! to draw a' comfortable ' and ^ independent livelihood ! . The land is a never-failing seurcB' from whence to derive all the : sustenance that nature ' requireB ; and the more labour you bestow upon it , ' the richer it becomes , and the more it will yield . . ; . ' ' " ' .. ' . .
¦; 8 hould any of you he depressed lii . spirits now , take courage from thtfollowing' fact ;—When you have got in your harvest you will . be in possession of a twelve months stock of provisions after you have sold sufficient to de- ' fwy your expenses and supply all your other requirements ; whilst we slaves . who are , left behind must content ourselves with . a meal when' the capitalists think proper to give unemployment !! , ' -. ' ¦ - . , ; You can work when you like , and entlreiy for youi * own benefit , whilst we must beg as a favour to obtain employment at . waRes . inadequate to support life ; and submit to the domination of petty tyrants beside . . I havo not'lan ' guage at " command . sufficiently powerful to define the difference between ' the position of a man who labours for ani employer and a freemani ( who labours entirely for himself . ' Suffice it- to say the caprice ¦ of a tyrant master can reduce theformar to starvation , whilst the latter can , without dread , contiue to enjoy the produce of his own industry . i .- ¦ '¦ ¦ -. ¦ . ... ¦
Let me beseech you to deliberate upon theso facts , and remind you that it is your ; cluty . " to give the slaves ' whom you have left behind the benefit i Of jour experience and the aid of your exertions . . ¦'¦ .. ,. , . ' ' As the members of the National CooperaUvb Land Company , together with the unparalleled exertions of Mr O'Connor have brought you eut of the land of slavery , into the land of freedou , I entreat you not to forgetthat the mujorlty ' of your fellow-men still reran m . in the degraded position of . political and social slaves ! and that
tliey not pnly require your aid . but aro : entitled to every effort it is in yeur power to make to redeem them from their degraded position , ¦ l ' ! . .. Youowe a deep and everlasting debt of gratitude to Mr O'Connpr ; anaT ^^ onfident joii could notrtpaj it better , . nor . in , a pinber moro satisfactory to himself , than . by giving evejjfMrequisiteattentiou to yourallotments , nnd devotidg your spare hours to the advancement of the Charter . . Yours , in bondage , ' ' ! ' ' - ' . '' ¦¦ ' . 1 ¦' . '"'' . ' / . Thomas Almond . ' ' , ' Wolverhampton , 18 th May , 1847 . '
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There aro now in London upwards of 100 , 000 foreigners ; of whom 40 , 000 are Germans , 25 , 000 French , and 5 , 000 Italians . , -.. . . . . • . < ., ' The Kina of Prussia has issued a decree , interdiotins ; the bakers from selling new bread until ufter the loth ef August , it being provedi the consumption of new bread is muoh greater thah that of stale bread . The police is toi fix the time that must elapse between the ^ baki ' nglahd the aale of bread , v . ; . ' Thei editors of Chambers ' s Journal stato that most of their contributions from female authors come from Ireland , fewer from England , and scarcely any from Scotland . , . Judicial torture seems to have been lately used in Switzerland ; , for a-judge in the canton Lucerne , named Ammann , ha 3 declared thnt he has obtained the most important confessions from political prisoners by means of the whip . :
• St Helier ' s , Jersey , is , par excellence , the retrent of old ; maids . Out of 2 , 400 souls , there are 1 , 300 unmiirried adult females . There are only 400 men in the town to thisenormou 3 collection of old maids . At the Cheltenham steeple-chases ; two horses were killed ';; one by running , when at full speed , against a tree , whereby its neck was broken , its brains dashed out , and its rider much injured ; the other by over-leaping itself and bursting a blood-vessel . The following singular advertisement appeared in a Scotch paper last week : — " Abstinence . —A gentleman addicted to intemperance will be received as a : boarder , in a genteel family , in the country , where efforts , successful in the reformation of ; others , will . be ' used for his . A'ddfess , &c . " , •' The authorities of Jersey havo resolved to establish a colleger in commemoration ofthe Queen ' s visit to the island . ¦ . ¦ ¦¦¦ . -. -.... . .. ¦ ¦ -. '
Mr , Russell has obtained 40 a . damages from Mr Smith for singing "the Ship on Fire , " at Crosbyhall . ; ' : ¦ ¦ ;¦ - ' " . i- ''¦ ¦¦!¦; ¦ ¦ ¦ - ; ¦ ;¦ :. ¦ ' ¦ : : - - i " Mr Calcraft , seventeen years manager ofthe Dublin Theatre , has become insolvent . Miss Faucit is said to be a creditor to a large amount . ; , ; Mr Messenger , of Birmingham ,, has just mannfiictured a twelve-light chandelier , to be placed in the pavilion , in the new gardens at Buckingham Palace . i ¦ The Elbe overflowed its , banks oo the 3 d insti ., and much damage is said to have beeo done to , the- crops iff'Saxsiny . . .... ,.:... . ¦ . ... .-,. .- . .... ¦ Jt is calculated that there are more than IQO'OQft female servants in Lsndon alone , and upwards of liOO& . OOO in England and Wale * ' A Guiana paper . mentions tbit at the late- raees-at Geoyge-to ' wn , Deia « rara , two or the best horses whach ran belonged to black landowners , who had foraerly been slaves . ' . - . ¦ - .. i
: By a decree ePthelandralh ofthe Swiss canton of Claris , all youagmen are forbidden to-marry before they are 22 . ' years of' age , and women befwe they a ' re 20 . ¦ ' . ' . / ' . . '" .: < ., -.. . .,. " . ¦ . -:, .. , . .. " ¦ At a late session a cause was tried < which originated in a dispute-about a pa&rof smallclothes . The judge observed Skat . it was the first time he had known a suit made- ou t of a ps » ot breeches . A miee-of rock-s !» l 6 , which has just bewi discovered in the savirons of Lemberg , in Austrian Gallicia , is said W be richer tban that of Wieliczkai , in the same proriiMO , hitherto considered the richest in Europe . : Professor "Enc . Gustaf Geijer , hthe celebrated Swedish historian , lately died at-Upsala . His do cease is the more to be regretted , as ho had no ' completed bis history of Sweden , of which only one volume had been published , though he h &d devoted many years to collecting materials . . Miss Susan Cushman and Mr Charka Pitt have been performing at Preston . -, ¦ ¦
.- ' . A circular has just been issued by Messrs Chaloner and Fleming , setting forth in a strong point of view Borne evidences to the merits and claims-of mahogany as a material for shipbuilding . l A new iron steamer called "The Pride of Erin , " built by fcapier , of Glasgow , has just been placed upon the station , being intended to ply betweei Liverpool and Dundalk . Sho sailed on her first voyage trom Liverpool . on Monday evening . ^ The Globe informs us that Mr Wordsworth , " who tills the post of poet laureate , has been directed to write an ode" for the installation of Prince Albert as Chancellor of Cambridge . : '
.. Ike young Princo Ernest , second son of Prince , John of Saxony , died at the Palace ol Wessenstein , ' on the 12 th , of a disease called mwbusmaculosus , wliich came on after along attack of influen »? . >
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h A Man KitiBD nv LioniNiNoi-iOn Wednesday a yiolent thunder-storm visited -Preston' ; when a pewoa hamedi Robert ; Clarkson-was- struck dead , . His clothes bad the appearance of being burnt , and were much torn ; part ofhisshirLhadi . been forced- front his body , and torn . and one of his ^ boots was shattere'd , while an umbrella which he was carrying . under his arm was shivered ; tOiatonis .: i ; i- ¦ •^ . ¦ i- . m . ^ '•;•;•• , < r / . AftPRKHEKSIOir OF A PoiICB . OFFIOfeR . —On ! SatuN day last John Beard ; police officer > N ' o . "lvat the Nottingham station on the ( Midland : Railway ; . wasiapprehended under a . warrantfrom ihe'Mayor of . . Hull oa a charge ofbaving , in the year 1841 , forged ncettifieatery ¦ which he lobtainedinfrom : thei Society o £ Foresters , at Hull ; i £ 10 > as the funeral money allowed in case of ^ the death ofn member ' s wife . .: ;•" •'" ' * '•
Eamy Hkhrinos . —There . are'indications- of an early herring fishing , this season i ' . and > the ' fishermea state their assurance that there . is , at present , abundance along the , north coast ef Scotland . '" ¦¦ ¦ •• • ' ¦'»' Noiheno NkW ; under thbSiw . —An ancient Greek manuscript ( ofthe sixth century ) has been discovered at Athens , which , besides : a treatise on ''Byzantine painting , is said to contain an account of the daguerreotype process . and hints for the manufacture of gua COttoni . ' .. ii ' .-. i .- . !! . ! ; -im ' . v ¦ -.. .. ' GuBioirs Placb for a Robin ' s Nkst , —In the nursery gardens adjoining Chorley New-road , among some gooseberry tr . ees , an old watering can has been standing for some time , in which a pair of robins have built their , nest . .... .. :.. . ¦ .:. . ¦ ..-...: . ..--: t'f A&vioe . —If men would i follow , the advice which they bestow gratuitously on others , what a reformation would beeffected in their character ! > . •" '¦¦ ¦ ¦'¦ ' NRWsrOBTHKL ' ADiESi—I'hn dresses in Paris this
season ire unusually simple , flounces have "one out , and the most distingue costumes are -without ornament . A great bl . ' ssing for the husbands ! ¦ c . """ Compliment . to Jenny Lind . —A girl of some tea years old said to her mamma , "I wish- - Slmkspere were living , for . then he . conld'marry Jenny Lind ! * " Why do you think , so , child ?" ' said the surprised mother . . ' Because they are both superhuman / ' was the answer . ; .-. , «>/ .-. ; . --. , -. ; -m-h .. ' ¦ :- ; .. * ' -. - i . " ,-,- : -.. - . - . Tub Command in thb Taous . —Lord Palmerstoil baa appointed Admiral : Sir- Charles Napier to the ; naval command in theTas ; us . ... :, ¦¦¦ ,-, :-, London Post-Offices . —The receiving houses in
London are now kept open till six o ' clock , p . m ., instead of till half-past five as hitherto , for the receipt of inland , foreign , colonial , or / ship letters . After half-past five . lpayment of the late fee- of' one penny will be required , either in 'coin or a' stamp , otherwise such " late" letters will be detained till the next despatch ..- ; : ; ;¦ : •¦• -.. » ..-= . ¦¦/ •• ¦ .-: ¦ : •• ¦ ¦' ¦ ; -i ; ' ¦; . -. ¦ ' : ¦¦ ¦ > '¦' .. » Vbnus and Jupiter . —The two bright planetsy Venus and Jupiter , are ; still splendid objects during the evenings ; the former planet is crossing the milky way , and moving towards a point south of the twerstars Castor and Pollux ; Mars and Saturn are near together , and may be seen near the eastern horizonr before sunset ; . *• : ¦ ¦ •; '¦ •¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ r -. i ^ ' y - -: ¦ -. '> : : •¦ ¦¦ - ¦ —
Crooked . Rails . —The NewYorh ; Sun describes a fence made . of such crooked rails that -every time-apig crawled through it came out on the same side ; - - Bull Killed on a Railway . —A few days ago ' 's fine bull , belonging to Mr John Hartley , a'farmer " resident in the neighbourhood of Staveley . broke thefences of its pasture and took , the Kendal and Windermere Railway . A . passenger train shortly after--wards coming up the animal was knocked down , run over , and killed on the spot .- v . iih- n ; .,: . ; .. ; ,-i . — .- .-Anecdote of Alexander Dumas . —A person more remarkable for inquisitiveness than forcorrect breeding—one of those who , devoid of delicacy and reck
less of rebuff , pry into every thing—took the liberty to , question M . Dumas rutUer closely concerning his genealogical tree ... ' ? . 'You are a quadroon , M .-Dumas ? " he began . — "I am , Sir , ' quietly replied Dumas , who has sense enough not to be ashamed of a descent he could not conceal . — " And your father V — " Was a . mulatto "—" iAnd your grandfather ?"" A negro , ' , ' hastily answered the dramatist , whose patience * was waning fast . — "And may I inquire what your . great . granilfather was ?"— " An ape , sir !?* thundered Dumas , with a fierceness that-made hi » impertinent interrogator shrink' into the smallest possible compass . " An ape , sir , —my . pedigree continences where yours terminates !'' .::
Case for the Gentlemen of the Long Robe . —' It is rumoured that a gentleman of Liverpool is about to bring an action for breach of promise of marriage against a lady recently married , and who up to thetime of her marriage was residing with a clergyman , well known in this town . . It is said that the presents which he has nia ' de to her from . time to time during the courtship arc of considerable value .: ' -. ¦' ' ¦ , The Prospect for'Fruit . —There has not been such a promise for fruit for many years as : there is this season . Every kind of fruit , tree , from'the gooseberry to the apple and the pear , is covered with bloom , and pn several kinds the fruit is already well set . This , is the case with cherries , gooseberries , apricots , and with , wall fruit of all kinds , which , seem to have escaped any serious injury from the ffOSt . . ' ' ¦ . ;¦; .,-. • - - . : ; .-,...-,.
A Whale Story . —From the Wellington ( New : Zealand ) we have the . ; following : —' Two boats from the Fortitude fastened to a whale , when one of them , commanded by ; Capt . Baily , upset ,. and two of t ! io crew were killed . ; , Captain Baily contriyed to save himself by ^ clinging to the boat , and ; was found the next morning by the mate of his vessel nearly insensible , lie had forced his finger into the plug-hole of the boat , and his finger swelling had prevented him . from loosing his hold , and thus probably saved his life . ; , . ¦ ,. . . .- .., . ¦ :.. . i . .., . ' . •¦ ; . .... ; ... ' . 4 ' :.-. - ; . : "i Lord Wahd has just come out in tbe character of a cognoscente , and paid oyer . to the Prince of Canino-£ 7 , 000 for four pictures of acknowledged merit . One is by Fra Angelico , » nd represents the : " Last Judgment ; - ' another is a sketch from the hand of Rembrandt , "St John Preaching in thei Wilderness . " —i
Inn Pops and the Bishop . —That Pius IX . is a great and good , man , is ; pretty well known by thistime ot day _ ; but the man of human sympathies , the man of feeling , is predominant even above the statesman arid the legislator ., At the farewell audience of Bishop Wilson , previous to his return to the antipodes ( where there are half-a-dozen . R . C . bishoprics ) , the Pope said , ' presenting him with a splendid golden chalice , " Be kind , my son , to all yourilock at . llobart Town , but be kindest to the condemned \ I . ¦ . < " The New Lord Lieutenant . —Lord Clarendon has
been prevailed . upon to accept the Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland , vacan t , by the lamented decease of Lord Besborough . It is . rumouredi that , he will , be succeeded as President of thb Boards of Trade by Mr Labouchere , at present Secretary for Ireland . — Times , Wednesday . ,. ¦ - ¦ Maria Christina , who traval&incognito , arrived oa Wednesday at Lyons , and alighted iit . tho-LLoteidel ' tiurope , accompanied by the Duke de Rianaares , and attended by n , numerous- suite . . Iler . Majesty remained till Friday morning , when she embarked in tbe steamer the Cygne , for Toulon , whence she will proceed to Naples . .
Tbe -New ' MA 0 i 5 inAT » at , . G £ bbbe » w < eiiL . Pomcb . Coobt .- ^ -R . P . Tyrw . Wtt , iisq ., ofthe Oxford . cireuib and Berkshire sessions , has been , appointed by the Secretary of State the new magistrate of the above court , in lieu of Mr Greenwood , resigned . The Son of Muhat . —Princo-, Douis « Na > poleba-Achille Murat , son of Joachim Murat , formerly . King of Naples , and ' Caroline Bonaparte , sister of the Emperor , died in Jefferson County ,. United-, States , on the 15 th ult ., aged 46 . After his expulsion from Italy his family took refuge in Austria , and remained there till 1821 , when lie embarked for the United : States , which he < yiitted only t » make a short risifc to Europe . Becoming naturalised in . America , he lived there very simply , and gained the esteem ci' all who knew him ' , lie was the author of many , excellent works on-,-the ' institutions , of . America . , His , fwneral . took place on the liifth , at 'fallahasae , an immense conecurse following him to the grave .
AssASsiNATfaa . —We are informed ofthe assassination of 11 . Ei . the Bolivian Minister Son , Manuel Rodriguez , ih . the public highway of Buenos . Ayres at , noou , on thefaih March .. Tun Sewm . — The members , oft the- Carltoa Club , adopting the noble example- , set , by . » ur most gracious Sovereign , have directed , that , ( fearing ; the existing scarcity , none but the seeQiuta Uihw bo used inthat . club . So laudable a resalutaon , ij is to bo hoped . 'will soon be f 63 owed bj alii othaj clubs anA large establishments . ^ -Globe .. ' ¦ , .. .
; Britjsu Glass .- ~ . A . parlijanent-ary , paper , just irinted , shows that in . the , year-endisg the 5 th of January , last , the following quantitisa of British ! elasH were cxportsd : from the United Kingdom : — M . 095 , cwt . of jftia }) glass , § J ) , 3 ip ; cwt . " of window I glass ; J 9 . C 35 superficial feet of ., plate glass , 2 Vt , 55 T lewt . of coramoniglass bottles , and oj looking glasses aad mirrors the-declared value exported in the year was 23 . 671 . To China 390 i cwU o » " flint glass , 140 cwt . of , window « la 3 s , 3 , 290 . sup&r&oial feet of plate glass , and , 5 , 393 cwt . of couwuoa glass bottles , besides £ 370 worth oflpoking . gljissasandmJrrorawerQ sent from thjo United ' Kingdom J ' HZ
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UMTEft Patriots' ajsd Patriarchs' Benkfit So-, cibtiks . —Meetings of the directors of these institu-. tions to ») k place oa Friday evening , May 14 , and Monday evening ; May lft , to inspeot the corrected proofs of the annual statements previous to their , delivery . } also to make arrangements for the anniver ^ . sary to tako place on Monday . June 21 , at Old Bp ^ g . water Tavern . Bayswatei-. The secretary rep ' JVted that Luke James Hansard , E ? q . i lind in the , m 08 b obliging manner consented to take the char ; . , The patrons , Messrs Duncorabo and . yvakley , v . / ith . other , benovolont gentlemen , had promised 1 attcud , if possible . """ . ' ..- ,
. . . New Swindos . — We have had the ^| Casure ofheai " iug two lectures from Mr G . J . flolyoai ; e | ; n the school-room ot the New Meclr ,, iCs' ln 3 tU \ ite ' on Thursday , May 13 th , and F viilay , the 1 . 4 th . Ilia subjects were'" Ivnowledpr , without Books , " and ' . Characteristics ol '_ Ge ^ i HS ;»» i | 'le lectures / were wollatteuded , and listened to with the greatest atiehtion . The lecturer treated his subjects with much ability , and has ) 'Al a lasting impression on all who heard him . H < $ vrj ^ mngti and deservedly applauded .
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The Iieasoner . Edited by G . J . Holyoalce . Par ^ X *—XL London : ' Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster-row . : _ _ We arehapDV to hear of the increased and increasing success of this Dublication . which in each succee ins number exhibits more and more the talent of its editor , and somethins more than " ordinary abilities" of his assistant contributors . The editorof the ' Reaso ^ er" does not merely advotate " free disens-Bion . " he enconraees it on the part of opponents and inquirers , ; the support of such a publication is . therefore , of ihe first importance , not merely to those who think with Mr Holyriake . but to all who are earnest In the pursuit of truth .
we cannot afford space for even the bare enumeration of the many ably written essays , &c . contained in these two parts . We may how ' ever . make snecial mention of Mr Tlolyoake ' s letters "To the Editor ofthe 'Peoplfi ' s Jonrn-i ] . '" and the extraordinary " revelations" entitled " Henry the Eiahth's Scheme of Bishoprics ; " to this last we may , hereafter , more directly point theattention of ov readers . As we are " nothine if not critica ' , " we mist administer a passin ? word of reproof to Mr Holvoake . In his naperpn "Literarr EHquette ; or . Reflections upon the recent Controversy between Messrs Ho wit £ and Saunders , "— Mr II . savs : — "The ill-starred personalities of . Q : Cqnnor , O'Brien , and Lovett , did more than the government to put back political reform . For each of these gentlemen I hav" pprsnnal
respect , but , as belligerents , they have covered Compfete Suffrage with confusion . " . Now , we bee - * o . remind Mr Hoiyoake that there is something worse than rash disputation and denunciation , the' sins he charges to the account of the parties above-named , and that " something worse" is a " raealv-mouthedness" which"hesitates to call ' things by their rieht names "through fear of offending the prejudiced . Whyshonld Mr H . fear to sneak . of the ism ofthe "Charter" by its richt name ? why nauseate hs with the dainty substitute , " Complete " ¦ Suffrage ?" Chabiku is already what the Qnaker invention is not . nor ever likely to be . flistorical . CHARHSMisa good word , and expresses what everybody under , stands ; learn , then , Mr Holyoake , not to be afraid to make me of it , and leave dainty phrases to the " genteel" counter-skippers .
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The Family fferaJd . Part XLVin . London : G / Biggs , 421 , Strand . . This Part contains the conclusion of Eueene Sue ' s latest story , "Martin , tni Foundling . " Weeivean extract from the concluding chapter , which shadows forth the author ' s ideas of the future . The extract is part of the description of a community established by one ofthe leading characters ofthe Btory , in atonement forthe neglect and violation of the duties he owed to his fellow-creatures , which , i n common with his class , bad characterised the first portion of his life . Such atonement is somewhat better than that which whitewashed the criminals of old , when to leave their plnnder , or a share thereof to the priesthood , secured for the most atrocious brigands a free passport to heaven : —>
THE COMHCSITT . "A very r ich man . " said Claude Gerard , "bad lived fer a long time in idleness , careless of the miserable fate ofthe greater number of tug 'brothers in humanity . ;' suddenly struck to the heart by a frijrhtfal calami ^ , this man transformed , regenerated by this terrible trial . hM henceforward sought consolation in the practice , of human fellowship ; in place of being sterile , his sorrow has been fruitful . Having assembled his tenants , as well as the inhabitants of the miserable village , he . thns adareased them : — « As I live in the midst of yon , I ought to practise the rigid duties to which those who possess att are bonnd . towards such of their fellow-creatures as possess aothing . I wish to atone for the past , and I hope thefmtore will absolve me ; listen then to what I am going to propoie to yon . This territory consists of nearly six thonsand acres , all of wliich belong to me , except three hundred , which is divided amoDg you . let us form an association , let yonr lands and mine make
in futara one common property , which' shall belong to us all ; let it he the same with the horses , the flocks , and herds . In this association you will give your skill and labour ; I will give the land , the buildings , and the capital required for commencing . In thus famishing to the society the means and the implements for labour , I bring for myself alone as much as you will bring together , honestly then I should have a right to deduct for myself thehalf of theprofits ; but this rijtht , this inequality , I renounce in the name of that feeling of brotherhood which draws me towards : yon , and I ask only a single share equal to each of you , and this share I will earn like yon by industry , by applying all the force of my knowledge to the good management ofthe whole business . IhsTellv-d during forty yeirs in fatal and unpr oductive idlnesa ; I have much te be forgiven , and from the day that we are united , I promise yen that no one will be more zealous or hive more regard for the general interest '" .
- "And the promises that this man made , he has religiously kepV * said Clande . " And no donbt the association wag formed immediately . " said Jost * "Ke , " replied Claude ; " although he offered to these poor people unheard-of advantages , he had to vanquish suspicions and ' prejudices unfortunately inseparable from the ignorance and the species of slavery in which the unhappy creatures had lived . 'What do you- risk ? said he . Let nt examine . I charge myself with the first establishment ; nay , more , I will ensure yonr existence during two years . Ton quit yonr sorry andun . healthy dwellings for a healthy , cheerful , and cemmodions abode ; your rapnlsive and unfruitful toil shall be tendered productive ana attractire from its Variety what , men , I ask , do you risk ? Theland that you unite wita mine snail be returned , if in two years your condition does not appear to you improved , and you caB then return to your houses , which shall be left standiae . "
"And they did net long resist the evidence of such advantages , " said Just . . " For nearly two months , " replied Claude Gerard . " It is incredible , in the presence of such evident advantages , " exclaimed Begina . J "Alas ! madame , " replied Claude , "these unhappj beings had been for so loDg a time accustomed to be treated with severity or neglected , and they have learned to have so little faith in human goodness , that they demanded of each other with a . sort of fearful suspicion .
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Is it not monstrous that onr class-appointed rulers ahould have dared to give away an entire country to a few grasping aristocrats , who had neither cultivated nor conquered the land , and could adva nce do claim to ito n the strength of either the plough or the sword ? Is it not monstrous that the descendants of these aristocrats still continue to pioneer the land—a land which , most , if not all / of thera have never seen ? ... Let the "Anti-Renters" and '' Agrarian Refonneu" ofthe United States . only succeed in their movement , and good bye to landlord-usurpation throughout tbe American continent . The abominableabHseaof our colonial administration call loudly for reform . A democratic change in this
Country would ensure that reform , at once speedy and effectual . If no such change comes or tarries in the coming , the fate of British rule throughout the colonies may be safely predicted ! Papersonthe"Progres 3 of Discovery in Anstra-Jaf "Life in the Ceylon Jungles ; " "Sierra leone ; " " The Cultivation and Preparation of Cofiee ; " " Steam Communication between Sydney and _ Engl and f and ayarietyof other matters , will Be found both instructive and entertaining . This number commeneesa new volume , a favourable op * ? ort ™ ty , o "p subscribers . Every oneinterested incolomal affairs will do well to purchase , andinform themselves ofthe merits of this well-conductedand tisenil periodical .
was required ; then 3 d . per acre was called for , and in-¦ creased annually to the fullsum . The same system pre-¦ sails te the present period , except that efforts are made to reduce the time to ninety-nine sears , against which "there is great complaint among the settlers ,. According -to the present system , the rent is . increased according to -the improvements made by the tenant . The effect of -this tax npon industry is most pernicious ; and the persevering and industrious farmer , by the constant increase ¦ of flwren ^ is often in a worse condition than the idler , ¦ who , having ' made few " improvements , has little to pay .
If the lands , instead of being granted by the Crown to individuals , in tonnships of 20 , 000 acres each , had been sold in small lots to actual settlers , they would long ago have been improved . The chief part ofthe proprietors have resided in Britain , and . few of them have taken patns to comply with the terms of their leases . The result basbeen that many townships remain in a waderness state , and almost the whole body ofthe inhabitants aretenaBts , arara circumstance in British America . It lias been the custom to grant leases , of wilderness land for 999 years , at arentvarjingfromls . to 2 s . peracreper annum . For the first : second , and third years , no rent
privileges were allowed ; yet the contract bis not been complied with , on their part , and the present system of tenure aSordsamost fruitful sonrce ' ef agitation and political strife . Korhave the grants themselves proved profitable to the proprietors nor thnrtenanU ; while tbe -general improvement of the country has been retarded . This unwise system of giving away territory , has a parallel in Sova Siotia , where the abundant and valuable mineral productions of the earth have , by an improvident grant ; the conditions ef which were never fulfilled , fallen into the hands of a powtrftl monopoly , to the incalcHlable injury of the country and ' dissatisfaction of the inlubitants , who are not permitted to dig a bushel of coals although they should fee foand in their sons .
THE CUBS 2 OF LA 3 TDLOBDI 3 JI . In 1767 , the whole colony was divided into sixtyseven townships , each coitaiuing about 20 , 409 acres , with some reservations for town , pasture , or common lots . These townships were granted by the government to a few individuals ofthe British nobility and persons who pressed their claims upon the bounty of the government The grantees were bound to settle the whole island in ten years , at the rate of one person for every two hundred acrei . This condition they were unable to fclfil ; and the prices fixed by them" for small lots of wildemesB land immediately checked ' immigration . By the indulgence of the government still farther time and
in the Imperial Parliament , discussing the great topics of colonial legislation and colonial reform ; establishing the bounds and Iankmark 3 of an enli ghtened commercial sTstem ; obliterating thename ' dependency , ' and making ihe colonies a great confederacy of Britons . " Some such system U greatly needed to accomplish the reform of colonial abuses , which , otherwise , will continue to fester and increase , until , for the sake of self-preservation , the patient will be driven to the . more violent remedy of revolt . In the nnmt-er before u 3 is an interesting account of Prince Edward ' s Island , In the course of which we find the following illustrations of
SIMMOSDS ; COLONIAL MAGAZINE , . Mat . London : Simmondsand Ward , Barge-yard , Rucklersbury . Without approving ofthe great scheme of emigration advocated bythe editor of this magazine , wedo fully agree with him in denouncing the wretched administration of Colonial affairs fay . the incapables who , at the Colonial-office , presumptuously dare to assume the guidance of the rising states fonnded by Englishmenin so many parts of the globe . Further , we agree with the editor in hoping to see , ere many years elapse , " representatives from evert part of our vast Colonial : empire" assembled
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 22, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1419/page/3/
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