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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TnE SLAVE-SONG . Br Etxr . Fr Jokes . ( Pram TbtLaOmrcr for Jane . ) jfl , i . r <> *« tt «' QiaT ' 3 wouM vnr a fetter , M » 3 tf' ° Hvnnwm '* modern curse ? wewti 1 ji'M' •** " ' are no ** twr ; p . Who 'rivet can fare no worse . ^ yl ^ v ' s the """' ' roa . nl ? d ^ nr , Witcio wort ) and K > M in <
WdSfif . nniw ""?— "WRw uliRrinj : With a brother in hi * refl 1 -t ; n ij hoofltrtnWne—fliKtar * « hrfnWnp , jlptven and Girth tiail cnrcnnlike ; a ;*! the * rain it fired with t * iifJring , r ;«« ! rte arm »« rtrone to strike . ^ nTrcw'inc—no rptr ratine * j 5 « ry ro an n > u « t do his part . ^ Hle t he marrh of froed-. m ' s beating In the M" * o 3 « f every heart . pv rtm a ' arrine iifan «'« irrii . s .
B * the mntltir ' R tnnw fnr bread , pTij , e mini « n » o thf ^ yine . By the thin , tmhiriea deadgr <}]« l > n < 1 th < it von inherit . " From ttifFstW . God . wlineaveg » ibf Hevni Ton csnnot merit If von die a willing elare : ^ ffli yon l et Tonr cMMren prrMi , At therirh man ' s 'ceatcVnn » d jpte , infl t >> " wife von fondly c * 'r 3 « h , S « rre hid hist and * t n > 11 hi * state f f ? 11 the jrant—trfi the tr . ii'or , Who erwii rich « n yonr dVr .-M . Tan ar < " Man—and wko i > s greater ? Ton are Man- and fte ?» toi . ' Withe thine if lordlt roslVe .
I / ibmr mean * to p ' aim its dne ; \ fhi'p forftfja th ««> is « hppala « , The&s ** tk' »» int for Ton . And if « n « n he prnuflv fcnure yon . ScoiKwd within » ii « e « H « n might ; 0 * e the rieht yonr M <« lier R . ire yon—Strap him—sweep him from jour sight I
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S 050—FOR THE EMANCIPATED . f , «* re in the cold slimpy vault of the alley , Ifith care trvidins o ' er matt d « ep ? n theeloom , gtBlwity the five-nan , who plods in the val'ey , jnl tings of the j » ys Hut await him at home . ^ sae I hare fonnd . with a field for mv labour ; ^ bere wealth shall reward ma , —what more can I crave ! ^ wraith and contentment a mend for my neigh , botr , $ / . free from the Voadg that had bound me a dave . ji «» a " 5 th the dawn to my raorninz derotion ; joj ; triih the lark ac she flu'tcr- on high ; I satin tho can speks re . ioee in the ocean , la night ' s modest green takes her place in the sVt .
j ^ . i .-a ! i « not toil , whfn ' us conpi'd with pleasure ; it 3 tf g ht briogs enjoyment , as homeward I turn , ffex 1 re « on tha thrahoM my hearth ' s priceless tr ssnre , Tfiose smiles sre the welcome that greets my rctara . jt my svle s' -on is seated a turn or a daughter ; inoifcer , 6 ? birdm-fit . is placed 00 lho knee ; ni ! e a thin' ., in my arms , wUh its infantine laughter , I « juid « ri £ i a kiss for its prattling glee . jtph a plentiful board with a wholesome r'past , Sspplic-i for oar wants from a ' . eenerou * store , fca'anl are thankful . —aordresm of a / art . Sail referring a crast fur tbc wandering poor .
jeered « Uh rights which no despot can plunder , 1 « ii in the midst of my lawful domain ; jil strange are my thoughts of enj « ym < -nt and wonder , ITiille gazing entraoe'don the life-gidng grain . JsrSie hwh iu pleasures , —I ' m bl-st in ray station ; lbs day kai hi comf . 'r tg . and night its repese ; J ) dreams hannt aij ilai-btrs with diaiial relation , Or mke me to brood over want and its novs . Ij Ha . by whose tfforts I thus am > ietnriou 9 , Shall sratitude nlga in my bus- '> m supreme ; is 3 bright be his path as hi « mtisiunis gloriom , Bis name shall henceforth of my song be the theme Gfraaor ! the dread of the hauenty oppressor , Tue taaier of tyrants . —the foi man of wrong ; Vd-. irn trodden labour , the frK-nd an . i r * dresser , Ib » name thai ! lor ever re-echo in sung . £ : mburgb . J . Habkness .
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rilE LABOURER . A MmMyMigaane ofPoU tict , literature , Potliy . dx . Eiiked by Fear-jus U' 0 ouu » r , Esq .. and truest Jones , hsq . June . Lind-n : Xtrthem i"Mr Office , 16 , Great Windmili-strtet , Ilajmatket . This nutn 1 » rc-: ncliideitfae first volume of this Je-RTT ^ di 5 succei 3 iul reuresentative and caampii > n ot ktosr . l'be * ccct- ? softLis publication hpsbtcn ie-. cnu a }! precedent , bavin ? , we believe , from the fe ; number achieved a paviog circulntioQ , if not isaeUiin ; more—a novelty in magazine ventures Ihismutit bsgratiftingiotho editors iumoreth-jn EB ^ se . not tbo least beiog the proof ths large cirtslaU'ino ! " their work affords , that the denmcratic p K « are satisfied with , and appreciate , their labours b tbegcotl work to which they have devoted their peas . ~ ihy : he mutual satisfacUan . c «> ntinae .
Tie present nambvr coniaiusa portrait of the pcojVspariiamentary leader , T . S . i ) : incombe , member for Finsburf . The enuravine , a reduced copy of the almirabie portrait piesented to the mdersofthe Ssnhirn Star , is wtll extcuted , and will form an aiirojrfiate frontispiece to the volume . The accoinpMjinsBctiee isvery meagre ; a "Memoir , " ho-xser brief , would havegitea more satisfaction . We have a prolusion of piKiry in the present nmab ; no Jess tlan three pieces b ; Ernest Jones . The L *^ . entitled " TUa Slava-Sans . " we have uiv ^ u ilwe . Tas third , entitled " The Bat'le . " is very fp'rited ; brimful—as all such poetry should be—if fctaj and thunder .
Ths "Insurrections of the Working Classes , " ex-&ims , ibis month , astirtlina panorama ofthecormptions and crimes of the R-miish Cfiurdi , which SAsa much towards brutalizing the masses in all twntrien , at the same time provoking the resistance Cth 3 eaiishtencd and free in son ] , and even the Ira'alized peasantry when goaded by priestcraft , bricrsft . and kirgeraft to'Jespair . The story of the Ba :-it f . f Picardy proves , ind cd , that " truth is tiranK—stranger thtn fiction . " Fr . ira a Letter to Lord John Russell by the Editors , * 8 S « eth 3 foHowine extract : — THS COXISC ItECTISS .
J 5 L-rd . the a -st general election nill sea ! ths doom of fa'Heaic ? , so far as Ireland is concerned . A joam ^ ndhasoctgrownold absurdities , and leaden of a p ^ iuar cause cannot bow lire npon vulgar abuse of ferriiin ^ bnt thesueivss , faenc- f ^ i tb they must assume » posuift , rathsr than a mere ni-gstice position ; and kwe vtm will and tha leader * of the Irish party will b ? ttcip-liei ! Jo assume sou&poiitirp . dif Udc ! , and drfint-d twraa . and that course will be SEPARATION from the tOG luniks all bat realised themsthodof tranipUliit » lrsl'c . 1 teenmtosniii by an English phU » nthrflp 5 » t ,
" * . to sink her under water for twtnty-f oar hours . Too tow , famine bis thinned the ranis of yoar enernun , and « nirr ^ : inn Its * acatttred yonr foc « , bnt "IRELAND fORTHB IRISH , " eiU bs a great RALLTISG CRT , lad Oieirawa of the nctriUing exiles may guthtr into toaC-. cr dark cloud in tha WEST , which the promise of uisn ssercenarieE 10 fight Oppression ' s battle , will not ts alls to dt-pel . America is sow half Irish in blood ud « b « U ; Irish £ 0 feeing , and as aura as yonr name in &K * e& joa must giro Ireland to tlie Irish , or America * il do it fur yon .
Surh , my L- > rd , are vour Irish difficulties , while you * 2 ific < S ? ilECaCRGnand TAXATION your English *' uiab 1 in ? -b ! ocks . Thatis , tfce tux-payerswi 1 not lcogrr csavctto msl-. e amends fur your general murole , wbilt oa rurererown Establishment shall bs allowed to go scot ' ^ You may rest * Rsnrcd that the day is gone when •^ f piriluil rtsencs of a few ratinjc religious fanatics in ^ 2 H-Gte vf C im-nocs can rally an oat-door support for MOTHER CaDRCa . People will no lonctr be duped ki fte HUMBUG CRY of HIGH CHURCH , LOWCBCRCH ax NO-CHURCH , wuthtr wfll the purdy r > - - ' ? " » us teoline of this -niight" ncd age bs routed to mad . B by tbe EXHORTATIONS ofoalngluora Plumptre . t"a Bu « r > duce taxation , and the Church is the onlj Ba ilable excqequer . Tpo old cow ha « be < n ? eal-j , naj stalltd , and nuwneewsi y compels those who *** « fed h « r to barsJing . to cry out— 'RESTORE—8 E STORE-RESTORE "
The alent progression of nnheeiJstl Chartism wiil utonr . ajoa , aod , thanks to yoar venal and corrupt & ' * »? , wtabnmtiikaa shell amid an amazed , a paralyse d * *^ 4 i soorant ari"it < H 5-acy . Whtre was the pelicy ia ¦ BJibb nldiug the fciwtesee or snch a natioaal mind as Cawdcm hss now resolved itself into , especially KNOWtEDQU and POWER ! A word of admonition , and we oava dsus . When Chartism next appears in the field , it * iH present itsdf in improved vigour and increased Wrescia , so strac- as to dtfj the force of faction , and eo te « niMd a * tooefy tbe Lire ' s trcacbery . This power roacanu . » tea ! : cn : at « by patronage or destroy by perse-Catioc , Ererylead-pthat treachery has aubJced has ¦*« itrecBthened ths ranUt of this fruitful serf : ce , while ftc ody beueStyon have dsrked from individual de » tr" ¦ 'n linsh-tn additional odium and increased popular *» ttWulneis .
«>• Uj . r « E TRIAL DAT is at hand—thadaj ¦^ ajfinr LEARXEDsuppOTtsrswill be catechited by •¦ WsOEASr POl'OLACB . whenymr every measure till b .- asrioas ' y scaancl , and whea Wbig influence tsill ** scaf . ere S by ca uascbnowleilgcd and unknunn power , WWch Jo-i hare laboured to destroy by persecution , I' } f ^ p rescuution and alienee , but which , thanks to a ™* ra , a caafi iiag au ^ gtnervas pejple , hat arvir-. d ti «
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S treachery of faction , tha Law's oppression , and the vilence of a renal , a hired , a corrupt and licentious Press WE WILL MEET AGAIN , MY LORD . 1 We have giv « n in another column " an © w ' re true " picture of the hte of too many thousand of thedowntiodden people of this country , extracted from this nntnber of the Ltiourtr . entitled An Enelisl , Life . ? Continnations of " The Romance of a Pet pie . " "Confessions of a Kins , " and « TheS Youm Poacher ; " together with a welHimld "Letter eo Sir Robert Peel" on the Currency form theremainine content , oi this number ™ areS » wed "» n impartial gketch of the Character ^ and Times of Daniel U'Connell "in the nertSer ? ^ fat ^ wk wit r . vitRT aoai ' h MTrnpn ° " *
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Uomtt > Journal Part V . London : 171 ( comer of Surrey-street . ) Strand . \ w » uwu * The elnqnnt lecture "On the Duties and Rights of Socwtv as to Education , " recently delivered by W . J . F « a . and reported in this part of Hotrith Journal deserves to he extensively read . The Revelations o ' f Vienna contained in " Siuhts in South Germany , " by Abel Paynter , are Ron > ethins more than amusing . The pue-ilities of Viennese society makes ns langb , but the < Tu « hing tyranny of the Austrian despotism , and the dirty vulgarities of English travellers —<> f the ariRt"cratie and shopocratic classes—excit- * widely differentpmotinns . An article by R . H . Home . "On the National U * se of Sunday , " is an admirable protest against the big » ta , and a triumphant vindication of the right of the penple to make of that day a day of relaxation and enjoyment .
L'iver . < of the wild and vronderful will find food to their ta-rte in William Howitt ' s account of "The Haunted House at WillinRton . near Newcastle-upon-Tyn ** . " A true story of real ghosts , playing their fantastic tricks at the present time , in a treat for the credulous , and a puzzle for the sceptical , which must sufficlpnt ' y astonish both . In a paper under the title of" The natural di nity of Man v . a poor imitation of Aristocracy , " William Howitt makes war upon the " tim < ' -hononred " custom of prefixing or affixing the "Mr " or " Esq . " to plebeian names , a ridiculous imitation of the "Duke . " "Earl , " "Lord , " and other vain-g ! orions absurdities of the gilded few . We need not say that we cordially agree with William Howitt ; we long ago repudiated name ha ndles ; if o'lierpeonle persist in forcing them upon us that is not our fault , but our misfortune . We advise both t'ie no&ocncj and tha mo&ocracy to read William H -witt ' s article . We squeeze in a few lines : —
To speak of our common progenitor as Lord Adim , — Adam . E » q ., or of Ere , as La ^ y Eve , or the Honourable Mrs Eve , would become a burlesque of the most ludicrous description . * * Wbat dreadful haroc should we mate of tha moral sublime if we talked of my Lord Enoch , of tbe Grand Dukes Abraham , Isaat , and Jacob , or of hi ? Excellency tbe Most Noble Marquis Joseph , Governor of Egypt , under his Imperial Highness , Pbara . ih . * * * It may be very well for an archbishop of these days to be styled bis Grace the L- > rd Archbishop of So-and-So—for a bishop to be dubbed a Right Reverend Father in God—for a dean to be a Very Reverend ; bat what a degradation and ridicule would it be to talk
of Hit Grace the Archbishop St Paul , or the Right Reverend Father in God St Peter . * ? In all ages , those who have climbed out of tbe tnnbof their time , and planted their glorious feet on the mountain of immortality , hare stood forth there too &reat and beautiful for the obscuration of their eternal names hy ihe foolish epithets of ordinary flattery . Earner , Plato , Socrates , Cict-ro , Cato . Lather , Shakspere . Milton , Bacon , Newton , and even those lirin ^ smoagst tbe fogs of our times , Wordsworth , Byr .-n , Scott , Shelley . How all titles drop away from an immortal name ! How we tear them down , as we wonld a beggar ' s rags from tbe noble statue of some beiieficant divinity ! # *
How often do we see in the announcements of public meetings by the people , that Mr So-and so will move a resolution , and Thomas So-and-so . Esquire , will second it ! Le * tin * cant of fictitious f quire , rcby perish ! Let ns leave this folly to tbe foolish ! Let us henceforth be cxntent . nay , for it is a great and ardnons strif « , let ns aspire to be men ; and desire no other glory than to be g .-od men ! Dr Bowringc .-intribnte 3 an excellent article on mod < m Greece , from which we give the following extracts : —
TBE QBI 1 ES . If a people be not orulaliicd by despotism , there is no ground for despair . 1 nsTer despaired cf Greece . In the el « ticity and activity of tbe Hellenic intellect , there was always asourca of hopeful trust and expectation . Tru-, they drank of the bitterest draught of slavery I True , they—th « intellectual—were tramp ' . ed upon by tbs coarse and brutish ! but in that fertility of device which was called craftiness and cunning—in tbat subtlety and readiness which so often trenched on , and not unfreqmntly passed over , the barriers of truth and bonesiy—some resource was found against tyranny that would have b > -en otherwise intolerable . But when tbe Turkish yoke iras removed , with what a spring tbe old commercial -pirit of the Greek islandrrs burnt into energetic action ! Even before tbe last successful Hellenic
insorrectioD , tbe maritime pauion of tbe inhabitants of tbe Cyela ies was exhibited in a thousand shapes . The best sailors who manned the Tarnish frets were Greeks . That noble race of boatmen who ply through the Dardenrnes , andab . mt tbe Bosphorw , are mostly Greeks . There w ^ s scarcely a port in ths Mediterranean wbtre tbe Gre > -k mariner , in bis national custom , did not add something to tbe charms of the scene . The Hydriote there might be fonnd in these plain coloured garments , nhicb the tumptuiry laws of bis island imposed upcti him- There the Sciote and th 6 Spetziote , the Candtote asd ths man of Cyprus , the Rhodian ana Eubean , were to fce « ten in the grotesque varieties of their distinsnis'biag babilimentB ; aedtde Greeks have of late been mars than ever fahfifal to their trading traditions .
Wislii-. i t ! ie last twemy years they have nearly mono-IK&zed the coTimrrce of tbe Levant . There is not a port nor a place in Europe , where bnsiness is carried on to any estcnt , in which Creek merchants are wanting . Evtry trailing city around th « Mediterranean S » a is crowded with them . Through E * ypt they hsvo penetrated into Nubia , Soudan , and down to the confluence of tbe blue and white Nile . They hover about tbe lied Sea , and trade with Abysinnia on the one side , and Arabia on the otber , By Aleppo and Damascus they carry ou their barter with tbe'tnro sides of the Euphrates . Tbey have invaded Gsorpa , Armenia , and Ftraia , by the Caspian ; aad at this moment the Greeks reckon among the r number some ot tbc most opulent aad enterprising merchants of the worid .
And ilic women of Greece—what country can exhibit diviner specimens of womanly loveliness ! As a race , I know ot none comparable to them in grace and beauty . Among groups of Andalnsian ladies , yon will be struck nith the surpassing charms of some—with tbe small , pretty feet , with the laughing coquetry , with the ready repartee , of most , or all . But you will see nothing comparable , Ufon tbo whole , to an assemblage of Grecian damsels . As a race , I repeat , tboy are tbe most beautiful womea of Europe . Go forth at evening on the banks of the Bctpborous—visit any of ih « - Greek villages , either on Us eastern or its western ban ! c <—ramble on a
holiday to the valley 01 the sweet waters , toTherapia , Arnaonat Koe or Bnyukdere , and you will see forms and fi ures gliding by , such a » the eye of admiration would be never weary of contemplating , and the memory be delighted to dwell upoa . Visit suy of tbs European ports vrimre tbe Greek " merchants most do congr .-gate ; " and in the evening gitlierings , the balls , or eonwrjazioits , in which you observe circles of ladies more charming tban therest . you may S 3 * ely pronounce them to be ths wivts aad daughters of the am !> ula * ury and adventurous traffickers who , from Scio and Syra , from tbs islands of tbe Archipelago , or the harbours of tbs Peloponnesus , have there established thsmseWea .
Greecs has great resources , agricultural and com . mercUl . Her preseut population amounts to marly a million ; ef wbicb about one-half comprises the Pelopoanercs , abanta quarter of a million are distributed among the islands , tbc remainder in Eastern and Western Greece . But the million of inhabitants who aro incl ~ dcdinths kiugdom of Greece comprise less tban halt of those wha call themselves Greeks , aad who speak the Eomaic tonsne . Of these , Macedonia alone—stiilsub . ject to the Ottoman sway—is inhabited by three quarters of a niiHiun of Gre .-Jss . Tbc area of Kiaj Otho ' s dominions is about sisti-tn thousand miles . It *
geographical position is admirably adapted to trading enterjirine . It has multitudinous inlets and superior harbours ; i ; s islands stud the Egean ; its coasts furnish an abundant supply of able and practised marines ; the spirit of the people is generally advsatcrout , and the ocean may truly be called the borne of a large portion of tbiG reek community . Its fisbtriis employ great numbers of hands , v . ho arc trained on ths shores to a wider field of maritime exertion . Rivers are not wanting , though better knowa to the muse tban the merchant . But tbe soil is fertile and various , adapted to tbc production of many of the articles most in demand in the great markets of Europe .
Whea the indepeudenee of Greece was recognised , nnd "tKu Great Powers , " as they called themselves , presented a Kin * to tbe Greeks , they made a most unhappy choice . Deformed in budy , Otho was sent to govern aland in which , more than any other , tbe influence of pers <> n < il comeliness is universally felt and recognised—a most natural state of things among a people distinguished for pbyucal beauty . There stood ths sosereii ; n , singularly ill-featured , in the midst oi a nobly-lashioned race . A man of intellectual saucily was wanting , to eiercise a becewing authority in a nation of wonderful quickness ; but Otho cana , endowed with a menu capacity , acd whally unable to secure the esteem of tht thoughtful , or the respect of the observant . A sovereign was required
who , if trained by early education to a religion other than tbat of G fece , should have bad the wisdom to mould his prejudices to the opinions , or * v&n . tha prejuiicsn . tliatwsrcto iarround hi ™ - , but Oft-o , destined to an ecclesiastical caror , and filled witn tbo narrow vies of an almost monastic education , was aperially unfiittil fur tilt : task lie was calhd en to fulfil , anil lor tho dUehr-rge of the duties imposed upon him . But , last and wor » tof «! l , Otho was not a Gruek , but , a Bavarian . Tfcc plafriOt'fcis birtb . indeed , mattered little , woa ! 'J be hive i < ienti £ ed hiiasfcli with tbe interests , sn < l the fec !> ings , and tV . e HbertirB of Greece—bad he consented thtt Greece should be lor ths Greeks , and his governmsi I a tnry 8 r . ek governnipnt . To uceorapli > h this was hii Uni , liie gAramwot , hw peremptory obligation , Such « n
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obligation never seoins tohave preiented itself tohls mind . Into Greece he sought to transplant Bavaria . Bavarian purposes , Bavarian projects , Bavarian prejudices rulo de . sputically in Athen « , The Revolution of 18 ( 3 ought to have arousad him frem his strange hallucinations . It failed to do so . Tbe Bavarian incubus was indeed got rid of ; but nothing to represent tbe truepolicy of Greece was substituted in Jits siead . A Constitution wag proclaimed , but the old hankering after despotic and irr > sponsible authority haB . made that Constitution little better than " a delusion , a mockery , end a snare . " It j may ; perhaps , have been the intention of the pro ' eeting powers to hand over Greece to a weak minded prince , IutoGree « he sought to transplant Bwaria . Bavarian
Obstinate in resistance to all that is progressive , jealous of popular control , and falling back by habit and affec tion upoa those notions of arbitrary government so acceptable to the powers that bo . Happly , however , the dysasty is likely to find in the person of Otho its first and last representative . He has no descendant , no .- ia it probable he will ever have a deiccndant . Are th .-Ureeks to be meddled with in the choice of a governor , or a form of governmen t ! I , the wretched experiment which has so signally failed again to be repeated ! Are Russians and Frenchmen , Austrians nnd EngliHbmen , to decide whom the Greeks shall havo for their king ? It ir abhorrent to every , ense of right , to evi-ry claim of
Tne most mterestins of this part ' s contents we nave yet to name ; we allude to the extraordinary revelations concerning " Caspar llauser . the Ilereditary Prince of Baden . " We shall try to find room in our npxt for an extract from these revelations . In tue meantime we have much pleasure in recommending this 1 part of Howitt ' s Journal to the attention of our readers , that they may peruse for themselves the astounding disclosures of princely villany , of which , m our own time , Baden has been the scene .
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People s Almanack for 1847 . A Polish friend has favoured us with the following , translated from the German Gazette of Brussels . Winter . —January . February , March . ( This beaton began on December 22 nd , 1816 , at 4 ti . 22 m . P . M . ) During thi * season of snow , we , and thaws , the poor mat * shivers in the opsn frosty air under bis miserable rags ; he seeks narrow streets , became there tbe cold penetMtts less . He s pends bis day in looking for work , . inJ in want of it he endeavours to obtain a piece of bread from public benevolence . In extreme cases he finds not even admittance to a poorhouse . At . night tbe poor man lies on the bare ground in a corner , or a gateway , and praises heaven when by accident he succeeds iu slipping into a stable , where , together with tlie horses , he can enjoy tha warmth and the softness of the dirt . "
From the end of January tbe agriculturist begiks to prepare the ground for various kinds of food and fruit * . He carries the dung to the fields and dirtributes it ; he prepares tbe pear , apple , and other fruit-trees , —arranges the hot-beds , &na in wine countries plants his branches of vine . In this season the rich man gets up about mid-d « y , pnd takeB his breakfast ; he walks out to enjoy himself , or moves his arm-chair near the fireplace till the evening . Tiicn comes the dinner , after which he spends the evening , aad a part of the night , at the theatre , at bulls , concerts , &c , At last fatigued he returns home at four o ' clock in the morning , takes a snack nnd goes to bed , which he leaves again at mid-dij , iu order to pursue the course of life of the preceding day . Swung . —April , May , June . ( Beginning the 21 st of March , at 5 h . 42 m . in the morning , when the sun enters the sign of the Ram J
At this time of shower * , of changeable temperature , and dangerous night trosts , tbe poor nun who sleeps on the bsre ground is exposed to sickness in a variety of shapes , by which he is overthrown , or regains his health as well as he can . lie has no physician , and the hospital is not open for everybod y . He has got no monry for nie . heal treatment , and as to his food , hunfter , tl : o everlasting diet of the indigent , is prescribed to him by his only physician—Mr Distress . The agriculturist cultivates bis field and sows tbe spring seeds . He works at the nursery , and in the gardens , and provides fJr tbc irrigation of the meadows . At this season tho rich mau enjoys tbe remnants of the balls , theatres , and concerts , &s well as nightly orgfes , and begins to occupy himself with the enjoyments of the fine season . Ha takes his aftwnoou ride on horseback , and makes bis first eicursions into the country .
; Sumhee . —July , August . Stptembsr . ! ( Besmniug JuiiL-22 nd , at 2 u . 2 Sm . in the morning . ) : Tbe poor man runs barefoot over the burning pave-| raent . After having carried heavy buntcnB , or overtired i himself by running about , he rests panting and covered j with sweat . He cannot enjoy the luxury ofa change of j linen . The cold water , he is obliged to drink to quench ; his thirst , causes pleurisy nr . d inflammation . The un-| cleanliness , inseparable fiom hU position , produces niiin diseases . Iu summer time tbe life of tbe poor man i » one of exhaustion , nevertheless this season is tbo least ! sad for him . j The peasant mows his bay , and faring * his grains to J tbe barns . He toils under tbs searching rays of tbo sun . The summer leaves him not a single day of rest , not even the Sunday . He works daily eighteen hours .
During this season the rich man dissipates in the country or abroad tlie money lie has gained by the i . ibour of the working c ! as « . In summer time the rich reside in the country , where game , fishing , and walks at evening , give variety to his entertainments . He goes for sis or seven weeks to tho waters , as Ems , Wiesbaden , Spa , Aiz-la-Chapeils , &c , where he follows gambling and amorous adventures . Ho visits tho poetical ruins of Italy , or by means of s long stick with an iron guard , aiid dressed in a fine silken blouse , he climbs up the mountains of Switzerland . AurOMN —October , November , December . ( BegiDnin . * oa September 23 rd , aUti . 32 m . p . m . ) In this season begins the rest of the po ^ r man , and tho rest of his stomach too ! Labour becomes scarcer , and consequently also the means of getting bread . This coarse ef life weakens him , and entails upon him many diseases be has no means of averting .
In this season tbe agriculturist spends bis lust care in the vineyards , and gathers all tbat remains uh tbe field ; he ploughs and sows the winter seed , and finishes the remainirig works in the bouse and out cf doors , wbieh on account cf tbo approaching severe season are of pressing necessity . In this seaBon tbe rich man passes away his time in hunting , either on tbc fields of his peasants , which hn causes to be destroyed by bis dogs , or on a special ground , where tbe wild beasts are enclosed in surh n manner tbat they spoil at least a part cf tbe seeds and fruits of the environs . lie attends races , and spsmis tbereat sums upon which twenty families could live very comfortable during the whole of a year . In a word , between tbe last pleasures of tbe summer and tbe first ones of tbe winter , he iuterpolates th « enjoyments of the autumn as an after and precluding entertainment , —as a change and seasoning of his inoney . dUsipating life , which is only bated on selfish enjoyment . Pxo ? hect . —The time is not far distant wheu tbij almanack will cease to be the almanack of the People .
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Twilight in Ike West . Taviatock : W . Brandon , Fore-street . The tweity-foar pages of this pamphlet appear to be merely the introduction to a larger work on " National Education . " The writer slashes away at all parties ; but hi * own views we do clearly compreaend .
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Highway Robbery at Mm day . —Mr J . Salmons , butcher , Barley , had been to Barkway on business , and was returning along the high road about eleven o ' cleck in the morning , when he was accosted by a jouti" man in the garb of a soldier , who entered into conversation with him . Mr Salmons walked on with hi 3 companion unsuspectingly for about half a mile , when the ruffian , who had picked up a large Btone on the way , and placed it in a handkerchief , struck him with this formidable weapon on the head , and having thus succeeded in knocking him down , continued to beat him with the stone upon the head , until he became perfectly helpless . Salmons wan then dragged by his assailant into a deep ditch , where his pockets were rifled , and 103 . Cd . in silver taken . The soldier then left his victim apparently dead , and retraced his steps towards Barkway . Mr Salmon ? , after some time , recovered his conscious ness , and succeeded in reaching a habitation , when
he gave information of what hat occurred . The atrocity and boldness of the assault astounded tbe who'e neighbourhord , nnd in a short time many persons , on foot and on horseback , were engaged in gcourin ? the country in search of the offender , who was at last found regaling himself at a public-house at Rved , a village near Barkway . lie was secured , aud handed over to ( he police . Owine to the precarious state of the injured man , it was judged advisable immediately to take his deposition ; and on the prisoner being brouekt to his bed-side , he unhesitatingly identified him , and ful y detailed to the magistrate the circumstances of the araauU . The prisoner who ga * o the name of William Alter , and who said ho was a deserter from the 8 th battalion of artillery , stationed at Woolwich , was , oh Wednesday , C'lmmitti ^ for trial . lie is an athletic young man , abuut 23 years of age . Mr Salmons still lies in a prrciriuus state , and on Thursday night no hopes sereentertained of big recovery .
A c « rre » pomlent of Xho Manchester Guardian says , if those who houses are infested with coekreaches would po : ir a little strong vinegar . do « n the crevices and holes where they conceal themselves , they would not be farther troubled with thpm . •' Itepresuutme / 'saida gentleman to his artist , " with a b » ok in my hand , and reading aloud ; paint my servant , 4 ls » , in one corner , where he cannot be seen , but in such a manner that he may lieur jbs when I call him . "
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After a pause of some months , we resume oar se-^ f" !!) » MM from the w « rks of the immortal "Childe . ' Ihe » historical trae'dv " of "Marino FALiERO " will supply ns with more " heautiss" than we can find room for ; but we must confine ourselves to the choicest . Notwithstanding the depreciatory criticisms of Jeffrey , Bishop Ileber and other authorities , our sympathies are entirel y with Giffiml . who declared that no such traiied yns "Marino . FMiero" had nppeared in Knglish since the day when Otway al * o
was inspired to his mastrrpieci ' , by the interests of a VeBetiau story and a Von-rtian conspiracy . The story may he told in a few words . Marino Fiiliern , a Venetian , aristocrat , posse . satd of mat military talent" , and , in other respect * , abilities of the highest order , had served the Republic with ereat distitifitinn . especially in the wars against Hungary . II ,. wassubseq-iPntly ambassador ac Gen .. a and Rome . While serving in that , capacity at the latter p i su-K he waseiccted to the Dotfcship or Dukedom of Venice . Ilosoon found that , tho oligarchy was a grinding despotism , by which both prince and people wonpitilessly ruled . The p . ople were slt . ves ; t ' . e prince a puppet and a ton ) . T ,, soon tno Dnge iHswiven-d his ducal cap to be a crown of thorns . V ^ x . dapd
irritated at the ttlinhts nut upon him . one htgt . insult sufheed to fire t ! ie triin of hia long hnsudini ; hatred . The Doge , though nn old man . had for wito a-fair and youthful woman , tip ^ n who-e t | . mi- no htain rests . Nothwithstindin : ! h < -r unquestionable virtu *' , one Michael Steno , ow of the privileged utder , dared to write some words nf filthy slander , in allusion to theod prince and hiRyotuii ! wife , on the very > tatechairoftlie Doge . ! Nafurally inc « nsed , the D > cede mandid justice at 'hi ; hands of the Senate , who thereupon ordered the offender t » be punished , by bein . subjected to one month ' .- ) close confinement at his own home . Disgust ed with a sentence the Di > ce deeim d so inadequate to tho offence , and rojiarding the Senate ' s sentence on Stenu aa crowning the loi ^
list ot injuries he considered ho had suffred ai the hands of the oligarchy , the piece opens with tin appearance of Marino f-mmi ; . g with raue . and reatd to clutch at any means of venseance which may pre sent themselves . At this moment , one Israel Her tuccjo , chief of the Arsenal , presents himself belort Marino Faliero , and demands of him justice on om of the aristocrats who had Btruek him . TheDofn answers that hecan neither do the peope justice , mi obtain justice for him-elf ; that he is but tho slave o the Senate . Israel Dcrtuccio , finding tho Doge ri | t for mischief , dkcliifes to him the existence of a con spiracy for the entirp destruction of the Vi-neiiai
aristocracy , and proffi rs to make , the D ge king , if he will join the conspirators in freeing the ieoplfr > m the horrible oligarchy . The D . ^ e ennsents t < meet the conspirators , nnd ultimately ca .-ts his lor with them , although not without some inward sirnunler against tho intended univtml massacre of his own class . The plot has reached the moment of explosion when all fails through the treason of one of the conspirators , who , anxious to save one of tho aristocrats informs him of the plot , and the person tnu . s w » rm * d forthwith rouBOS the senators to a sense of their danger . The whole of the chiefs of the conspiracy an arrested , including the Dojie , put thrnugli n mod * trial and ex- cured . These events occurred in tki
year 1355 . Tlu- following lines occur in the course of the DosreV outburst of passion on leiiininu the sentence paast-d upon Steno : — Tho most despised , tvrongM , outraged , helpless wreieh , Who begs hia bread , if it is refused by one , May win it from another kinder h ^ art ; Bnt ho who is denied liis right hy Uiurb Wlieseplace it is to do no Wong , is poorer Than the rejected beggar— he ' s a slave . On the occasion of meeting the conspirators the Doye unfoldshis reasons for joining them : — Our private wrongs bare rprno ;; from public rices , In this—I cannot call it commonwealth
Nor kingdom , which hath nuithcr prince nor people , But all the sins of tbe olil Spar an state Without it * virtues - temptrmicc nnii valour , The Lords of Liicixccmon ivero irue foMirrs , But ours are SybirU .-s , while we are H-Jots , Or' whom I am the Iowksf , most e * eltivi-tl , Although drcssM out to houd a p-ignunt , as The Gretks of yore mado drunk their slnres to form A pastime for their children . Begirt nith spies for guards—with rnbi-s f » r power—With pomp for freedom—paoU-m fur a council-Inquisitors for fiiinds—mid hell f ., r lift ;! I hail one only fount nf quiet lot , And that tlur poison ' il ! My puruhousehold Go > 1 k Where etiiverM on my hi-aril ) , undo ' it ilitirslirini Sate grinning Ribaldry and slurring scorn .
• # * You are met To overthrow this monster of a state , This mocbtry of a government , this spectre , Wtich raui&t be vxorcised with bloud . * # * * In operating this great chanve , I claim To be oni- of you—if ; ou trust in ms ; If not , strike home , —my life is compromised , And I . would rather fill by frei-mcn ' s hands Than lire another day to act ibe tyniiC As del . gate of tyrants . * * Ilaply h : irf 1 been what the senate sought , A thing of robes and trinkets , riizi'iiV out To s : t in state as for a sovereign ' s pic ure ; ^ A popular sunutge , a ready senti'nee-sinnur , A ttickler f ,. r the Senate and " the Forty , " A sceptic of all measures nluch hatl not The sanction of " the . Ten , " a council fawner ,
A tool , a fool , a pupp » t , —they had ne ' er Foster'd the wretch who stung me . What I suffer lias reached 1110 through my pity for tho people ; Tbat many know , and tbey who know not yet Will one day learn : meantime , I do d « vute , Wbate ' e / thc issue , my last days of life—My present power such as it is—not tbat Of Doge , but of a man who has been great Biiloro he was degraded to a Doge ., And et \ ll ba < individual m-ans and mind ; I . itnke ' my fame ( and lhad famu)—my broatb—( The least of all , for its last hours arc nigh ) My heart—my hope— my skuI—upon this cast ! Such as I am , I ffer me to you And to y 6 iirchiefi , accept me or rt-Jeet me , A prince who . fain would be a citizen Or nothing , and who has left his throne to bo bo . ¦ ¦ *
# # I hate the senate . I cannot pause on individual bate , In the absorbing , sweeping , whole revenge , Which , like tbc sheeted tire from heaven must bl : is * Without distinction , as it tell of yore , Wberc the dead sea bath quenched two cities . ashr . s . 'IV . two principal projectors nnd chiefs of the conspiracy art Israel Bortuccio and Philip Calendaro . We select from their speeches the following deathless line ;) , which have heen and will continue to be , " watchwords" for struggling patriots , '' till the future shall be free !"
Calendaro—I ' m tick of these protracted And heBitalini ; ceuncils ; day on day Crawl'd on , and uddud but another link To our long fettert , aud some fri-sher tvrong Inflicted ou our Irethren or ourselves , Helping to swell oar tjrants' bloated strength . Let us but deal upon them , and I care not l ' or the result , which must be death or freedom , I ' m wenry to the heart of finding neither . / Uartticaio . —We must forgut all footings save tbc one , We must resign all passions save our purpose—We must behold no object save our country—And only look on duuth as beautiful , So that the sacrifico ascend to heaven , And draw down freedom on her evermore . Calendaro —But if we fail 1
J . BtrtucciO— They never fall who dio In a grcut cause : the block may soak their gore ; Tbeir heads niny sodden in the sun ; their limbs Be strung to city gatC 3 and castle walls—But still th « . ir spirits w « Ik abroad . Though years Elapse , and others share as dhik a doom , They but uuumeat the deep and sweeping thoughts Which overpower all others , aud conduce Tbe world at last to freedom .
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GREAT STORM IN INDIA . Intelligence from Bombay brought by tho Overinnd Mail Mates tbat the all-enj-r . issine topic has tieen the nwurrenca of a terrific gale on the Malabar Roast ( i by which an immense deal nf damaae , b" > th to -hi | ipin (» and other property , lias been done . Numerous diansleri ) have taken place br sea and land . The ¦ ihip Mermaid . Captain Rodgeris , which left Bombay ¦ m the lUhof At > ril , for Singapore at ; d China , whs wrcked . on the 19 'h offa village about five miles to 'bo southward of Vingorlah . Ilapjsily no lives were idiit . ilic fine ship Bufikinghamshire , Captain M'Giee » r , bmind frn-ii London to Bombay , was totally dismist' -d near Vingnrlnh .
The Fattimus ltiipparell , bound to Calicut from Bonibuy put back from sea a day or two since , nnd britifjssome laniPntab ' e tidings of tho effects of the imle which sho encountered about 100 miles from Bombay . Numbers of Puttimars aro supposed to have foundered , nnd it is feared the loss of life and property must he immense . Amongst others , the l at < irnar Sibaad P .-ilkee , on her way frem Calicut to i ! omhay , with Go ^ eri'ment timber , liua heen lost off Jaacer . The inhabitants said that the oldest among them never remembered such a " typhoon . "
While here tho loss of above twenty vessels was ascertained ; the crews of some of them arrived at Jasreer . Th ^ re was n report amongst the people on shord of the loss of . 1 boat with snrao Eurapean sol-< liers , and of a bugl . i with horses , On her war hither , the Rupparell passed the wreck of a lan ; e vessel , Biipposed to be ' Nowrojeo ' s Botolla , ' laden with timber , and several dead bodies floated pa = t her . Cocoa nuts in abundance were also seen in the water , no doubt part of cargoes thrown overboard during tho galo , or washed from the wrecks of foundered vessok .
The Sesostns steamer was , on tho 21 st of April , anfcatCannnnore . " Trllicukkiiy , Aprii , 20 . Wr had a severe atorm oa the 17 th . On tbe evening of the 10 th , a strong pale from the S . E . warned ns of the advent of tbe tempest . At seven . p . m ., we had one coatinneit ahower of rain , with vivid sheets of lijrhtning , and dreadful claps ol thunder . On the 17 th the sea was very high ; ti swept on shore many of tho native vessels moored in the harbour , of which one was wrecked . The rivers , too . ovcrflowrd , inundating tho paddy fields and highways for tho d ' lHtanee of four hundred yards . A scarcity , it is feared , will be the effect u ( the overflow , fur the paddy s--eds already sown havo been fweptawav . The services rendered bv the
Master-Attendant en that day are highly deserving of praise . Our neiuhbours at Cannnnore have been more unfnrtunat" than wo . In one fail sweep , 25 shops and two warehouses were destroyed , the Customhouse injured , and a larjje warehouse bolonfins totheBecbcr nearly demolished . The proprietors of the gn-downs were obliged to destroy ^ the iwir wall of the buildinjts , and remove the articles . One Paltiraar , belonging to tho Delal Verapen , ami another , were wreeked , and the corpse of a woman whs washed ashore near tho Fort of Cannanore . Baks of poods were found strewed on the margin of tho sea near Malii , and it is supposed some vessel off Badagherry has bpen destroyed . Hail tho tempest rayed for un hour more , the buildings now along ths beaoh at Tellicherry would have only presented a heap of ruins .
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I . O'pos and Nurth-Wkstern Railwat . — The liberality which this company has shown , in conveyirii ; provisions &nd cloiliini ? for the destitute Irbh , free , has been suddeRly checked bv a discovery of tlie fraud h . v which tho privilege has been abused . It i < p-iiefol tothii'k thi > t there aro unprincipl ed person * ¦• eml y to make « trade by fraudulently representing ih ir packages as gifts for the starving population 01 our sist .-r iale , and thus obtaining free carriage ni them along the railway ; and it ts lamentable tha * t he lrec scope of generous feeling Mi-mld be ohctkeil by such imposition . We understand that since ilr . coniinf ncfiincnt of the Irish faraino the London ami North-Western Company bnva conveyed , free ol 'lia-Uf , a wcicht of snnds which , at the ordinar > frfiahtp , would have produced between £ 1 , 000 and £ 2 , 000 to the company .
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WmurfcNOLttD , \> AI ( K STAim . No , a > d IrV Msn ' s Ponn aiir 1 n :. o ! -J , n ,, v Li ,. d i iai ) ^ n lv named m remuroration f .. r her « .. « . ?» ., UwrpwA for * is nitthts . tho xmall sum o 'UM a ,, i , ht , Report rBV « l ^ r encasf ni nnt at the Quem . ' a Theatre lirin « -i l-r in i £ 5 ' 10 wpeklyjor tln-w nh-hts' pfcrformaneFS , b ? - si'Ji-s h ; ina iirovu !< d with a l . onxe ti » live ia , neiirriaep for her « wn u « p . nndciiv < rs h' -ing laid ilaiiv ' nt h » r i > wn mnnainn tor twenty person !* I Fix oui . ar !—it is r » -mark <« ' > , f the ChineiV l « nrimge , that there' 3 n « f n word in it that , express tlifi tnip iilen of sin . nnd »!> p ¦ th word which cunies near it ir onn sipvif ( in iij ) fipi . nrh of "iilifpnpss . PnoTBHTANT nARiRs . —Tin New Yofk Herald c- '> n «
( fiinx nn ndvi ' -rrisement . from '' % n-spw . tab ' e y < -m g woman who \ v ! shr >< t to act an fpt't-nnrx p to a IVi'tcstnnth :. !» v !" - ] twas Sir Di « bv M ; ielpvor'h . we le-1 '" vp , whoh' -a-ted that , lie « as limn a Prntctsnt ; Hie samn Inshion of natalitv aepnis to prevail in Am n"K-a . Tup . IIi'ro fp Amwal ' s Opim' . n ok Witt . —At a hniicr civil to G-wral Henry Smith h . v his former onmpni . i ., ns m a > -m « heisrepnrtpd to have hii id—. He . triisteH that the penc <> of WatorW wniilrlrontin wp . foro . ir prnfiwion , " said b * . "it is a damnable trirlp , and if it . mn « t be thnt we have . 10 act . let , it be p an . ™ on with the utnv-st mitiiation of its
bor-Tub Litv—Th » lii y ; s rxi . rrssed by the term Bhutan in Hebrp w , which denies li ght , and is s . id to havn jt . « nnnip frnm tie prnD < -rt , T it posfiesses of reflpetins licht . One nf the enr-itni eitics in PerMii is named Slumhnn from the abotidance of lilies « f a beamifnl \ m <] whirh grnw in its m-Juhbonrlinod . ^ loRmm . R .-A man named Samuel Mills , a nny vy , h » s been cnmniit . tcd for trial to Lnne-ister Ustlolnr ahw-rilile avsanlt . committed under the most rr-yoltspir rirpiimMtancpR , at . rrest ' n . on a child , named Jam * Emondsnn , under four years of agp . Tn « Caxtkn Moni ! Mk > t . ~ A conoiipnndpntortho Da , ly H » mzeotu that if the nnthort , publishers , Bnmp . * iVOT . nnw-mpn , p aper maker ... An ., would Hi T 1 h * " 1 » » " "eracerora ofmnence pet head thri . nCho « t thekinaHrm . tho neenmry f « U tor evertme die monument weld b « provided .
« f"ft" ? T W lTpslI ) tt ^ wk- ~ The crabs nt the Keelmc lelnnds . in tliR Paeifip . Ocean , eat p ^ p na-nutR . h-. rina a holetbrmieh thn shell with ( me « t their ftlsw . ,. tbe fch ,, „ , . ror ; lI i am , , H , , s hunfc fislnn the sh al ' ow wntor ontl . ereef : Uie men ride on turtle , and tlin shells ( the pitantic Chnma ) are lawpronii njan . » panii ; the water pnrt of the seaf nwJrnnstB on l > ranphen , and many of tbe rata mal < e tlieipjiwU nt tho top of 1 ii eh p ' alm tre ^ .-Bntiih Quarterly Review , May . 1817 . ANnTnKn Fau . in Tnn Prick op RnKAit .-On Mon . day another fall in t | i « price nf bread , to the extent fif one penny in tl . p i'b loaf , was made h . v all » he baltow ; tlm cpennd hi nad beini : now reduced t- fl | d . the loaf m thp rHy and wo < it , Cnd 'Dip hmt wlie . iten jelh at lOd . to 10 M ., brown or rye bread is 8 JJ . the loaf
Nkw Lnnoiso UnusK for Wohkiso Mrs .-The Society for Imnroving the ConHit . i ' w oftlie Working Clas « es hayc iiUed up a ne . w lndqir ? hmise for sinele men at , No . 2 . Olinrlos-strent , Drtirv-lane . The arranermpnts whi / h w « had i . n opnortnnilv of inf- fier-tini' on Satn . dsv . are exocllen *; every araornmoriaf on hems provided for about d ^ fy perjons at acMUffonrpf ! cc pc ni ght . Thi , snm inehidog ftie we . ota hath , wa « hhou « p ., and cnnK-in ? utonsili I he ho \^ e ir m admiralilo order as rpeardR ciennlinew . & <> ,., nnH appears to be well ventilated .
Wf 3 t Tvbiav Y < M ^ . _ The ivnpnrtn * i < w of tlioge yams fnntinup to \» k- plare from the Wort , Indies ia much Inrgr-r qnnntitirs t > an ospd formerly to be . the 0 •?<> . A vpsse' has arrived from St Kite's and Ens . tamis , havinc the larse quanti'y of 100 bnrre ' s on bnnrd : tliov arc undpntnnd tn hn nf a very nn ! , ri « t ions character , and as an escnlpnt . form nn excellent addition fo the mnia ! and common articles of hu * man food . Canine SAOACiTT . —A short time sinre a favourite d «» hnlnnirinL ' tna pergan msidinjat the . Lye . near this toa-n ( Stonrlv-idcc ) , IihiI Ii . s e . iir hflveW-IV H ' . irD , and was taken for two or thrre days to a chemist ' s ahon , to have it dreiwd . On the fourth racrnin ^ , however , the Raeaci « ns nnimal went to the shop by itse'f , nrid , resting its head on tho counter , patiently aivaited the usual dressing of the oar . It continued to do thi < ( very morninsr till the ear was well .
Twa FATin .-u < to ae Hairs . —Doonb Castlk Wa ' s . —Tho late Ri ' . v . Dr Murray w . ir vi-ited hy two fomalcs . tn take his advicp . The fiwfc pfatod that she had brx-n a child , and that the father would not ow- jr .. ' Very hard . " quo' the doctor , " but- we'll try hirn fa ! r . " The wooi'd , seeine the symnathy of the good old man , was hold in stinting th » t she hap . pened to be with child to another man when she was marred , and that her husband would not allow her tn remain with him . The Dr heins old , and naturally , quick 'if temper . < jot qnito furious , nnd or . dcred hur— " Out ( if my house * in a momert ; ye'H enme and tormRiit me " wi ye'r bayard * '• this poor woman would be glad if she had a , p . father to bet child ; but as for yon . ye ' ve twa to vour ' s . "
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Wrstmissteh Mbstal Jmprovrmknt Socikiy . — The Government System cf Rdnca ' . ion was the . * ub-, i ci * for ' 'i ^ ciission « n Saturday evening , M iv the 29 ih , Mr William Bowier was cal ' ed to the chair . Mr Walfhrd commenced the debate , and »<* h \ it ppeared to him that the irovernment w » s < pending one hundred thousand pounds for the purpose of makinsr prooalytes to tho Church of England . Ho could not . see any reason , if tho payment wen- to be national , why the education should not be national , without reference to any creed whatever , fie did not like the idea of State Education , nor did he like the idea of Uie government under present circumstances having so much additional patronare placed at their noma > and . Cobbett was right
when ho said State Education was State Spyisra . Mr Catiiik said the question just amounted tn this , shall we havo a Government Education , or shall we have a voluntary system of education ? He looked on Mr E'lwurd Baines ai Generally a close reasoner , though after reading him attentively , he must confess his leaning towards a State Education . He thought if tho peop l e were properly educated , we should not have , so much to pay for crime ; but he thn « s ; ht a seculiar education much preferable to a religious otic , . 13 in a scculiiv form all could be partakers but in a relink )** form , all but thfise of a particular form of religion were shut nut , and there were as good mnral men to bs found amonsst those who did not adopt any particular
relicioua creed , as thsro were amongst , those who did . Mr Stallwood s : > id ho recollected when a certain system of College Education was proposed for Ireland a short time since , it was denounced by the late Daniel O'Connell . and " Little John , " find their Satellites as aa '' Infidel education , " and the colleges were denominated " Godless , " nnd he much feared had the Ministry propounded a secular edu « cation , at the present time they would have met no better ftte from the fauatkanf dia-ent . All denomi . nations agreed a rclifiiaus educa ion was the thin ? , although all differed as to what that form of relieioa should bo . For bis fart he did not rare « o mu-. h about the cost , it might hare heen half a million and lie would not crumble , provided that all illicit be
partnkers without prejudice , which he thought could never be , so long as any system of theology was ( aught in the schcolR . He wns for having education st any price , and believed that the same learning that " enabled a person to rend the Biblo , also enabled that perfon to read Percy Byshe Shelley or Byron . ( Chewa . ) N ' r Trimble iVid not th rskthepre 8 Pnlsy $ tem of Government Education could work well , lie did not like to see a measure come tlir » iiph tho l ' rivy Council , he preferred the more constitutional mode of a bill being brought in , discussed , and passed by tho lecislatnre . He objected to one parly or parish , who could subscribe & certain amount , having ; assistance from the g > vernment . as it left those who must needed it without . ( Loud cheers . ) He looked tipon
the pension as a bribs , and one that would incline the teacher to lean to the tovcrnment — ( hear , hear)—and who wrre the persons likely to till such offices ? Why such as were recommended by the parsons , magistrates , &c ., and those who did not stiflceed sufficient to gain r , pension Wire to have places provided for them in the customs , post-nffice , or elsewhere . He could see nothing but corruption in the wlu-le scheme . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr Browns did' not like tbe idea that children should be either taught politics or theology . Ho thought those questions should be left to persons who had . arrived at manhood , lie objected to a Monarchial Government having the power to educate the people , but would not object to a republican government
possessing such Dower , aimply because the latter sprung from and whereof the people , whilst monarchy was founded in fraud and blond . It was very enrioas , but equally true that soma members of the ministry v . ere Unitarians , some Catholics , and some Materialists , yet they all agreed in a religious education for the penple ; what motive could there be Sor this , except to keep tho people in a state of blindness and superstition . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr Tilling thought the youthful mind should be instructed in the preat truths of chriBtinnily , and he knew of no books so likely to moral' iBO men as the Biblo . He inontht * it necessary to keep them from such wonts as Tora Paine ' s . lie also thouaht it quite right to exclude
Catholics , seeing that the government vu prof . ssodly a Protestant one . * lr Ueoghan said irom tho way in Which the last gentleman had referred to Paino ' s works , lio was natiencd be could iit « t h . ive read them —( hear , hear)—and as regimledtiie CatholicK , they were called on to contribute their quota and consequently ho could not see the justice of rxeluding them . ( Cheera . ) On the motion of Mr M'Sweeny , the rootiai « a < adjourned until Saturday ( this evening ) , Ju « e ) 6 th , atei « hto'clock pretiTly , The que 8 tion , ' ' The merits of the feveral candidates for the representation of the city ' . of Wrrminster . will be discussed ( n Saturday cvtnine June * ho 2 th
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Pakisias Scandal—Who is he ?—A very scanda lousaff . iir has been for several days the subject of conversation in Parisian high life . A . personago ol the highest rank , 33 years of age , and married , beina also the futher of three pretty children , has been found by General D- — in criminal
conversation with his wile . General D , who at first did not recognise hiin . would have killed him on the spot , and thoui'h the personage declared his rank , tho offended huBhand said that he would summon him before the Court of Peers , and gave him a sound thrashing beforo dismissing him . Tho affair has dven rise 10 many negotiations in order to suppress the scandal , and it is said that the voung man will be obliged to travel for several months . He will ° o to the waters of Bareges with a jounaer brother until General D—— has forgotten the offence . General D has long been in the service of the Belgian government . Fav * k 8 uaii . -- -An explosion of sun cotton has occurred at the works of Messrs Hull , in this neJRlibouruoo ' , by which a youth named Mardcn , about 17 years of ago . had one ( , f hit thighs broken , and wa > ao much otltenusc injured that ho is Dot expected t . >
survive . M . Rimsinor , a great Russian landowner , has presented 8000 serfs of both sexes belonging to liim with their freedom . The King of PrusHia lias e . har ? od M . Cornelius tn prepare the drawings for a monument to bs erecteo at Berlin to perpetuate tho remembrance of his tie crees of the 3 rd of February fur the constitution of a General Diet . The editor of the Natehex Courkr announces tlie death of his best and favourite cow , " Mrs Myers . "
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THESE ARE THE CUA . ViBfclW UF 1845 . t 17 f S ?» a 1 wndy » towwto «» r readers the ChamrtL . 1 ; W < ii "" rcfer t 0 tlle Previous opinions d ^ hii ^ -T ^ * hmOthl 9 W 0 DIMPROVEMENT OP WASTE LANDSSPADE UUSBANbKV . ( Fromthe Information for the People , No 12 J S ° nTh twti | J ; in { rt " ot m ' ^ husbandry could not bs well adduced , but wo do « br . its brin « ueuerallv practised with success in the ordinary routine ol agricu l ture . It seems to be best suit , d lor merccottnuo farming , 111 whith the labour ia nflinl « iii ^ r UlLbE ARE THE CliA . ViBh . RS UF 18 « .
exchanKeAWe ; vnlu « . Refeirinc to this point , the Rr-v MrHiokey . ( Martin Doyle ) , in his CydopwU * of Practical Husbandry , observer : —" -On even amxt « -n » ive scale i : f farming , wp recommend spado husbandry in potato or cabbage culture , but not for uencral ciops . Uowfcver sratilyiiB to tlie . benevoleiiceof an milvuluiil farmer it may be . to cmjilov ; i vast number of men tn diy \ m land in preference to the usual courreof plmit > h mid hnrsc-lnbju ^ , he . must ronsid < r that ( here is a limit bo < ond which he cannot , multiply liw labourers without occasional incmivenienno and
prrplexity to himself , and without unceasing snpertntendente . Should any nf the numerous causes w hich fnay occasion achan eofoceHpieruona piviin farm , or ii cinngo of ay « te »» occurs , what is tn become ot the numerous families n .. | lec'cd hy an individual "l mhna . larcely in rnduced the practice " of manual labour awl confined his ' operatinna to that syntem nj . ni . ? What , s to become of an execmive popula-• o" J ' rr ° - Vrl abnurers ' ^ eir servicea be no l « -y farnie . r ? II any one repl e » . " Oh lot thr- svstem " e , generally introduced , and the « 1 * 11 Z 1
" nlain ' Tf mf •""* ' «^«»>«« . the an «• 1 * plain . If you substitute the . spnde . lor the Dlondi # SSH ^ S = tiniM , by givine up too mnch time to one rf ^ rtmont ol ialmur . Time » money to a farmer ; Ut him lose a we ,-k in a cntica season , and the delav m :. y be hiebiy injiirinan to him in many rrsppcts . Viomptiud . " and dispatch are essential to his completion ol ' arm labours at the proper tiirns : without ( he aid which improved machinery affords him , it would be utterly impossible fur him to aet through his work in ! » e course . Let him abandon the more rapidly working plough , and take the tedious Bpade , and lie will soon heartily reuret his exchange . After what we . have premised on this subject , it is almost supi-r-Huous to repeat , that if these hitter remarks posst :-R uny accuracy . at all , they nro merely true in their (¦ plication to large fnimnrB . and nnt intended hv
any means to « ft « cl . the subjoet as it is connected with he cottier or small farmer , who has rarely anv • npitsl hut his labour , and ' needs no other if he he o ffered to use it freely « nd fairly' . What i « the limit , then , to the capital of his labour ? What lzed farm bIioiiU he have that will make it the . ii « wt productive ? Why , the exact , amount , and no more , to wnicb he can npp ' y all hiscapital . Has he * family , be may then have more capital of labour to 'wst' . w by their assistance . ; coriM-q . iently-a iarjtrr tUutmrnt will ho needed to employ all the capital of more tx-ended labour . If he be single , tkun ksa , ot course , will suffice . "
'I he nnly point that rfmains to bo settled is one connected wjth political economy . If is alleeed by the li-arlint ; - pnlitirnl < -eoncnii !> ts of EnulHnd , that c-ttai-e . finmiii ? ( see article Cottage System in the Encychjtasdia Briltanka ) , while cn ' euiuted to pro . moie tliK urowi hot a impulatinn of paupers . In only distractinir manual labmir from its proper field of employment . Hut this ! ille « t ; tinn proceeds on an unproved asMiR . ption . If it conlri he shown that every able-bodied man could make five Miil ]; n ? sadny by working jib : i weaver , at a factory or any other branch of labour , the asse tion would in part lie correct ; but such is not the cfs > , There are countries in which remunerative employment esinn-t he permanently had , , and in » nch situati < -n ? -t ( i
which society in Englsnd seems advancing—the choice is in a great measure between spade hua bandry and starvation , not between spade husbandry and well-paid employment . Besides , tho political economist rntirely overlooks the fact , that the cnuaj : efarmer derives immcnite advantages from the labour of his wife and children not one of whom , most likely would be able to mm a penny jifc any liindnl' labour in to wn * . It is by calling up thex e i * ii ! : ine 3 to assist him that ke eati r . tit-iJo the lame , former with nil his capital and machinery—a fact iistinctly proved , at least as respects the kecpine ofenwB and selling their prrtdnce ; no joint-stock company of cowkeepers bcins able to compete with hfi miBcellannous and unmnrkctab e labour of a humble dairyman and his family . As to the allegation tha : c » ttori farming would cause a deteriwiti'm in society , it h also fou&ded oa narrow views . In " 0111 , ! parts of the canton of Vaud 'ind elsewhere in
^ wiiE ^ rland , wher e tho farms a rc all small , and mostly wrought by lh « ir proprietors , there is no pauperism worthy oftlie name , no . overplus population- ; and who would compare the orderliness of mnnncrH , the sohriuty and tbriltinrss of the peopl » . and 'lie sniall amount of crime in that country , with tha vice intftupcranc- " , and povcry , fur which Enu'lan ; i ind Scotland , with all their large nnd splendid farma are now bnenmini ; unhappily distinguished ? It miiih . t bo diffi ult . to prove that l « rge farms have hi ' cn , in any material degreee , the caune of the snciii ! evils now exciting so miu-h attention ; hut it is o . ' vw that they have not prevented those evils . Without eoin » so foraa to any that c > ttage-iarmipg would furnish n univeroal remedy , wo think that , ind ' . ' pondently of its nso in increasing the productive svrtace . of the country , it would at least , afford som ? relief , and add to that section o ' the population which is still in a healthful moral condition .
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The Evilt of the Currency . By J . C . Wright , M . A ., Banker , Nottingham . London : Longman and Co . This pamphlet is directed against Sir Robert Peel's Bank Charter Act . and in favour of a two-fold paper currency , the one for home circulation , inconvertible , and limited to the aimuntof the taxes , the other for intercourse with foreign nations , rcgulated in amount by the exchanges , and convertible at all times .
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fg ^ 1841 ___ THE NdRtHERy STAR . ^ 0 CU f " "' " ^ ' ^ , jli
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 5, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1421/page/3/
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