On this page
- Departments (1)
-
Text (6)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Co Umial mffl 4fottfgit%
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
BRITISH AMERICA . trom Canada wehavelate but interestine advices , aereiauspoliticalnewa . TheMontrealTranscri pt The subject of emigration , and the slcknesi which the great influx of destitute and diseased emigrant ! torn the mother country has caused , U almost the only one of general interest , and we are sorry to sajr that although he disease which has caused so much alarm throughout the whale country , is confined in a great degree to emi . grants , and to those having connection with them either as religious and medical attendants , or Horses , or to those who have incautiously or for tfa « sake of gain ad * mittedthem to their dwellings—still with these it has sufferedbot little diminution . The crops throughout Canada , with but very few exceptions , promise well ; all fears of anything Ukea failure are now over .
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . Her Majesty ' s 16-gun sloop Pilot , Commander . George K . Wilson , arrived at Plymouth on Mondav . Nothing ofimporUsce had transpired subsequent to the repulse of the English forcoa by the Kaffirs on the 15 th of June , when Lieutenant Russell , of the 45 th Regiment , was killed . The Governor , Sir Henry Pottinger , was on the frontier . It was reported that the Boerg . near Port Natal , were preparing to rise against the Colonial Government . FRANCE . m It isouite evident from the Parisjouraals that the internal affaire of France are not in a situation more
satisfactory to the government than the external ra-Iationa of the country . Rumours of new'scandals ' are every moment propagated , and , whether well or nj-fonnded , produced a very lamentable effect upon thepublic mind , already excited by prated instances of corraption . The Opposition dinners sot up in the departments are also causing something like alarm to the government . Li anticipation , it is supposed , of a necessity for testfe ? the competency of 'the detached forts' to keep Paris in check , the supplying offtoss fortresses wife warlike stores of all Mnds —cannons and mortars only excepted—was actively pursued .
The march of reform is Italy , and the amnesty permitting the return of General Eapartero to Spain , are not at all palatable to the French government . Abd-el-Kader has made himself master of Taza , an important town ic the Emperor of Morocco ' s dominions , and according to the latest accounts , was marcainstowards Fez . The Commerce states that the intervention of France in Morocco , against Abd-el-Kader , was resolved at a Cabinet Council held da . Saturday . Another Cabinet Council was held at St Cloud on Monday , at which all the ministers were present . The subjecta of consideration were understood to be the affairs of Spain and Italy . Queen Christina and the Duke of Rianzares arrived at the chateau at an early hour , and had a long conference with the King and M . Gnizot previous to theassembly of the ministers . The recall of the Duke de Glucksberg is definitively settled .
The gloomy accounts received from all quarters , both as to political and financial affairs , is the cause of considerable uneasiness in Paris , and the funds and public stocks have suffered consequently a considerable decline .
SPAIN . We announced in our town edition oflast week the recall of Espartero . The Madrid journals of the 5 th and 6 th are filled with accounts of the manifestations of joy with which the amnesty and royal ordonnances were received by the pspulation . Crowds of persons thronged the streets , shouting Long live Espartero ! ' * Long live our constitutional Queen !' The Queen herself , on proceedingon horseback from the palace to the Prado , was surrounded by the crowd and received with the loudest acclamations . In the evening various parts of the city were illuminated .
The Queen drove to the bull fight in the afternoon of the 5 th . In compliance with the bando of the authorities no cries were uttered on the Queen ' s passage , but on her entering the circus her Majesty was cheered with the utmostenthusiasm . General Narvaez had also repaired to the bull-fight , but the gibes and jeers of the spectators compelled him to make & hasty retreat before the entrance of the Queen . Letters from Madrid of the 8 th report the death of the famous cabecilla Don Fernando Gomez , called the Ebanista , and the destruction of his small band
near Lugo , by Captain Mendoza . The rebel chief was discovered in the loft of a house nearOpacio . The grange was surrounded by the soldiery , and he was invited to tfve himself np , his life having been guaranteed . He scorned the proposal , which his experience had taupht him would not be observed , issued out of his hiding place , discharged his blunderbuss , and waskilled by the soldier * . A Bayonne letter of the 9 th instant mentions that a sanguinary encounter had lately taken place at Targa , a small village in the north of Catalonia , in which a detachment of the Queen ' s troops had been routed and put to the sword by the insurgents .
PORTUGAL . Letters from Lisbon and Oporto contain further accounts of military and Cahralist ruffianism . The office of the JVaftmaf newspaper , published in Oporto had been invaded by a body of soldiers of the 3 rd regiment of Artillery , whodestroyed | the type , presses and other property . The people connected with the National attempted to defend themselves , on which the armed force interfered , and dragged away the editor , printers and all the persons connected with the papa- to prison ! Terror reigui in Oporto ; the trait of Lord Palmerston ' s policy ! By later intelligence we learn that theMiguelite chiefs , comprising nearly the whole of the nobility , have resolved to support the democratic party at the forthcoming election .
The news from Angola is of an extraordinary decription . and most painful : it would appear that the Torres Vedras prisoners , victims to the barbarous revenge of the Queen , had been treated with brutal seventy , and that the Count of Bomfin , the prisoner of most importance , together with his two sons , had been separated from their companions in exile , and sent off to the noxious and horrible locality of Mossaraedas on the coast south of Loanda , where , however , they did not remain long , fortheinhabitants , umting with the small military force there , effected arevolution . and gave liberty to the captives , and the Queen ' s governor and some four or five others were in their turn placed under restraint , while the political prisoners , in all forty-three , embarked onboard
a small Portuguese war-vessel at anchor there , with the intention of escaping to St Helena . Before , however , their preparations for departure were quite completed , CountBomfin , with a chivalrous feeling , released the governor , with his three or four companions , upon parole ; aid basely waa the indulgence taken advantage of , for immediately following there appeared off the coast the English cruiser the Flying Fish , Commander Dyke . Thegoveinorimmediately communicated with Captain Dyke , who made an attack upon the little Portuguese vessel with armed boats , and captured her and the unfortunate noblemen and gentlemen on board , and then taking fresh instructions from the governor , transferred them to hiaown vessel , and delivered them over te the
governor of Loanda . Count Bomfin before being delivered up to the dungeons of Loanda , presented a paper to Captain Dyke , indignantly protesting , on behalf of himself and fellow captives , against this flagrant outrage , demanding the authority , for the act . and claiming the protection of the British flag ; the remonstrance being sneered at , the count , a general officer , and a peer of Portugal , was immediately given pp to the authorities to be confined in an African prison . The account has been received with general indignation . Horrible barbarities are taking place in all parts of Portugal . Two commercial travellers , Frenchmen , were stopped by four of the Queen ' s troops and robbed ; one of the unfortunate Frenchmen waa shot dead , and the other shockingly wounded . SWITZERLAND .
Letters from Berne of the 9 th fast , announce , that on that day the Federal Diet resolved to adjourn to the 18 th of October , by a majority ef 12 and two half-canto M . The President next communicated to the assembly despatches from the Governmente of Zug , Unterwalden , Friburg , and Valais . a ^? olSJPr ^ 6 KC ? ¥ of the Screes of the Diet of the 20 rh of July and the llthof August , relative to the Sonderbund ; and in which they give their entire adhesion to the protest entered into by their deputies , and reserved all the rights of their respeotivestates . ^
ITALY . Roue . —A letter from the capital says : — Th « alliance between ths Pope and the King of Pied , mont aay be considered certain . It is to be hoped that a similar arrangement will be entered into with Tuscany . M . Coroboli left for Florence for that object , Austria has already been authorised by the Dukes of Ilodena and Lucoa to occupy their dominions . The same concession has been demanded' fer Tuscany . Naples , which dreads the arrival of the English fleet , and has been invited by the Pope to nnite with him , hesitates .
Untitled Article
and seems nevertheless to incline towards as . Here we are ready to meet every cop ^ SeBoy , and proceed , if ne . CMsiry , to extremitie s . , The organis ^ on of the civic [ guard at Rome appears to j » actively proceeded with . V Tlw citizens of Rimini have followed the noble example of these of Bologua , Femra , and Forli , in offering their lives and possessions to his holmes ? , for conserving the independence of the Roman see and its territorial integrity . .. . . ' The anniversary of the amnesty was celebrated on the ? th and 8 th . The fetes commenced by a demonstration in honour of Leopold , Grand Duke of
Tuscany , and of Charles Albert , King of Sardinia . The Prince of Canino ( sen of Lucien Bonaparte ) , with bis son , and De Masi , one of the editors of the Conttmporaneo . allin the unifosm of officers of the national guard , preceded by persons carrying torches , and followed by some thousands pf the people , went in procession to to the Palazzo di Firesze , the residence ef the Tuscan minister , crying , ' Long live Leopold , ' 'Honour to Tuscany , ' 'Long live the Civio Guard . ' The minister presented himself on the balcony , and replied , by shouting' Long live Pins IX . and the Civic Guard . ' He then addressed them in the following words : —
I am very sensible of this spontaneous and unanimous declaration in favour of my august sovereign , the Grand Duke Leopold the Secoad , and I shall » ot fail to oomrounicate to his Royal Highness the sentiments of this important assemblage . The Prince of Canino immediately cried , ' Long live Italy . ' The cry was caught up and repeated with the utmost enthusiasm by the whole assembly . The crowd then defiled off in the same order to the residence ef the Sardinian minister . When they had reached it , loud cries were raised of' Long live Charles Albert , ' 'Long live the alty of Pius IX . ' The Independence of Italy . ' The hotel was immediately lighted up . The Sardinian minister presented ! himself , WAVing a white handkerchief in
token ot acknowledgment , for it would have been im < possible for his voice to be heard by the vast multitude , who raised incessant cries . of' Long live the league of Italian states , ' while the . band struck up the hymn of Pius IX . Before the termination of the hymn there was a general cry of a eata , a eata , and the crowd quietly dispersed . On the 8 th there was a grand fete at the Piazza del Popelo , where , the statue of Pius IX . was raised . Two thousand national guards were drawn out upon the Place . It would be impossible to describe the enthusiasm of the multitude whenlPius IX . presented himself . It amounted to perfect frenzy . He was hailed by repeated cries of' Long live the President of the Italian League . '
Tosoaht . —A letter from Leghorn , of the 5 th , addressed to the Nouvelliste of Marseilles , says—A grand solemnity yeterday caused great emotion among all our people ; enthusiasm was at its height ; hope and happiness were expressed by every face . The town of Leghorn feted the authorisation to form a Tuscan National Guard , which has just been accorded by our sovereign , Mom than ten thousand men were assemUed under the stations ! flag , surrounding bnsts ef Pius IX „ and of Leopold II , Bands of music , escorted by torches , traversed the town to an advanced hour of the night . It is impossible to givo you aa idea of the cries of joy which arose from all parts among the crowds which circulated along the streets , or of the manifoitations of all kinds of which this popular iete was the
subject . All the windows were illuminated and decked out . This politicalrevelutlon u , without contradiction , one of the most extraordinary pages of our history , as it has aot been stained by a drop of blbod . On the 8 th of this month there is to be a renewal of tba popular fete , in which all the ladles , dressed in white , and wearing the national colours , are to take part . The Grand Duke of Tuscany has received in solemn audience M . Corbelli , as Legate Extraordinary sent by the Pope . The audience lasted tiro hours . Immediately after the Grand Duke assembled the Council , to which he went accompanied b y his first Minister , Councillor Compini . The popular celebration appointed for the 8 th , at Leghorn , was not confined to that city . The
occasion was seized for like demonstrations elsewhere .. At that city , at Pisa , and Sienna , but more especially at Genoa , the manifestation assumed a most imposing character . At the latter city the people assembled in vast numbers , displaying the flags of Rome and Sardinia , and paraded the streets with cries in favour of Pius IX ., Charles Albert , the army , and the independence of Italy . The cortege included the members of the families most distinguished among the Genoese noblesse , mingled with the mass of the people . Letters from Leghorn , ofthe 9 th say , that since the Lucchese affair the excitemenc has only increased . The celebration appointed for the 8 th took place without disturbance . The inhabitants of Pisa , availing themselves of the railway , poured
into Leghorn ; The troops issued from their quarters and fraternising with the people assumed the Italian tri-colour cockade . A Te Deum was sung in the cathedral from the high altar , from which the clergy blessed the national flag , the multitude being on their knees . ATeDeum was afterwards celebrated in honour of the Pope and the Grand Dake Leopold II . * A statne of the grand duke was exhibite damidst the acclamations ot the people , and inspiriting and patriotic speeches delivered . Sardinia . —The IVatfonaZ states that a report ' " . was prevalent at Turin on the 4 th inst . that the King had received the reply ef the Cabinet of Vienna to his declaration in favour of the independence of the Roman States . Austria is said to have declared in
that note that she was determined not to tolerate the establishment of national guards in Italy . It is further asserted that the King ot Sardinia in his reply maintained his right and that of the Pope to defend themselves as best they could . At Turin there has taken place the most important demonstration of all . The King having reviewed the garrison , and having placed himself ( in the usual way ) at a particular point , the troops defiled before him . On passing his Majesty , one regiment , the Riflemen ef the Alps , added to the usual cry of'Long live the Kips , ' these emphatic and significant words— 'Long live Pius IX , Long live Italy ; ' which was taken up and echoed by every regiment on the ground .
An agricultural association is at present holding its sittings at Casal . In the course of the discussions , which were very warm and animated , a letter was read from Charles Albert to M , de Castsgneto , in which his Majesty says that if Austria does not give satisfaction to the Pope , he will himself declare a war of independence , and call upon all Italy to unite in driving the Ausirians across the Alps . This declaration produced a profound sensation . An address was immediatel y drawn up , to which in a few hours many hundred signatures were attached . It prays for the formation of a national guard , * to defend the town , while the army marches against the enemy . ' . IHE REVOLUTION IN LUCCA . The Journal des Dlbats gives the following account of the events at Luces , briefly noticed in our last : — Our readers have been informed , that in coasequence of an emeute caused by some arrests , the Duke of Lucca issued on the 1 st of September a proclamation , promising reforms , and manifesting his intention to enter the path of progress for the welfare of his people . The formation ofthe national guard was announced as decided apon . On returning to Uassa , it seems , the duke changed his mind , declaring that the promises had been violently ex . torted from him . Masia is a town in the duchy of Modena , not far Lucca . This sudden change in the intentions of the Duke caused the greatest discontentment . The inhabitants of Lucca rose en mout . and formed a civic guard themselves . A numerous deputation , headed by the Marquis Hazurosa , who recently resigned his
post of president of the Council of State , proceeded to Massa to request the duke to return to his states . The duke replied by a decree establishing a regency , with M . Hazxarosa as president ; but the council of ministers refused to sanction it , and entreated the duke to return . The agi tation meantime increased ; and , to compel him to return , it was already proposed to seize bis revenue , and place his palace under sequestration .. - Streams of people kept pouring into Lucca from all : quarters , and each train from Pisa and Leghorn brought hundreds more . A band of women paraded the streets , carrying the Pontifical colours to encosroge the men . All governmenthad ceased , when suddenly , at three iu the afternoon , the dulce made his appearance , accompanied bj
the hereditary prince , and was received with marked approbation . The privileged journal of Lucca Bays : — ' Our adored Sovereign , with his Beval HighneEB the Hereditary Prince , are at the present moment entering Lucca . The populace assembled in great numbers , carrying the national colours , in the Great Square , where they saluted their Sovereign , and at the hotel of the commandant of the place , where theltalian flag had been hoisted , the ' .. multitude shouted with a frenzied enthusiasm . Our correspondent adds that the hereditary duke was very much opposed to reform , bat that his wife , the sister of the Duke of Bordeaux , reminded him of what had happened seventeen years ago to her own family , and advised him to yield , which he did . '
The Lucca Journaloi the 4 th , contains the description of the festivities which took place there , in consequence ofthe last Ducal manifesto . The people went in procession to meet the seven young men whose arrest had been the immediate cause of the effervescence of the preceding days . The Luohese , Tuscan , Pontifical , and national banners were displayed ; in the evening military music paraded the streets by torchlight , and a brilliant illumination took place . The bells ran ? , and the cries of Long live Carlo-Lodivico , Pius IX ., and the Civic Guard ! , were loud and frequent . The Capitular Vicar of Lucca issued a notice of a religious ceremony in the Cathedral , te celebrate the happy event . THE INSUBBSOrjONS 111 JMPiBS AM > SICILY . The NouvtUiste , of Marseilles , publishes the following correspondence from Italy t— Messina , Sept . 3 .
You have heard , no doubt , of the inf . urrection which has filled our city with bloodshed . Ths people having broken out into revelt , took possession of the principal military stations , and then directed theirattacks against the citadel ; but the artillery making great ravages amongst the insurgent ? , they were obliged tor . t ' re , the troeps in garrison at the same time charging out upvu
Untitled Article
wii ^ KS ?^ ^ hefBh ? aTda aid S jraCtl'ethe ^ mentation was at its Reggio was in the powerU £ -f" ' lnc"M ! nK ' meaced their movE Bl £ e lnaur « ent » » wn » oom-Messina Tha . hlw v * nm tlme M tnat " * ittTB followed « £ .. ' tt w « ' « pscially Cosenia , S !« S Sff'J ? - " ? fffr- »« w « . i « i % « -. is fc « rflWt « fe « , fc . « t * ¦ are n <> t aware what steps S . I howe « r S ^ KOYernnient . Different bodies of p £ j . " ' beeB "ntwlth the 8 reatestsp « d ' ^ t ^*^ «» 25 thult . inthe fa * .
» asj ff ^—aaat * ; s ^^ r&y Srr « s soldiers were condemned te be shot , and all underwent execution with tangfroid , and even in expressing their pleasure to die . Others have committed acts efinaub . ordination expressl y to incur the capital penalty , but this being known , they were wndemned to the oalleys v " "f 6 - ^ , complained bitterl y of this , and said that they had fa led in their object . The disgust of life which 'TZ ? J * . ' amon K the SwIs » « 'oops of our garrison is attributed to the animadv « r . lon to which they are sub . jeoted by the people of Maples , which has taken hatred agamst all foreigners , and especiall y the Austrians , under which denomination it comprises all Germans without any exception .
DISTURBANCES Iff MMBABDT . A letter frem Milan of the 9 th inat ,, in the Con > 3 / i ( utiowiel says : — After 33 years of peaoe and tranquiilty , Milan has at length had its agitation . The following are some de . tails of a disturbance which tookplaoe here last night , Tbe popular fetes and illuminations for the reception of the new archbishop , Monsignor Bomilll , could not take place on the Sth , on account ofthe badness of thewea . tber , and wer « put off till yesterday . The people assem . ole , diu the PiaMa Pontana , crying , ' Long live Romilli f 'Longlive Pius IX 1 * when suddenly between 500 and 60 s persons came from the Porta Tessine in martial order , shouting — < Italy for everl' and singing in loud ohorus Rossini ' s hymn to Plus IX Tha police immediately sent a company of mounted gendarmes to disperse the thousands of people gathered in the square and no one can depict the scene of confusion that ensued . The 800
or 690 of the populace kept their ground , and reaisted the armed force , shouting— 'Down with the police ! Down with the Austrians ! ' The riot soon became so serious that the . new archbishop went down into the square accompanied byM . Greppi , the municipal counsellor , and harangued the people , M . Greppi also addressing them as friends and comrades . The rioters removed from the squars , but re-assembled in another place . All the patrols ofthe police and the troops were aBsailed , disarmed , aad insulted , by having their laces spit upon , amidst criss of ' Down with the Germans < ' There was also another movement in the Campo Santo , and in the twinkling of an eye the policemen , gendarmes , and troops were compelled to give way to the superior force of the populace . At a later hour further reinforcements came up , and by feur in the moraine order was nearly restorad . But we apprehend there wiU be renewed disturbances this evening .
Letters from Parma represent the excitement in that duchy to be extreme , and say that the Count de Bombelles , at one ofthe last meetings of the council of state , declared that a general amnesty and the liberation of the state prisoners were the only means of putting a term to the fermentation which followed the celebratien of the election of Pius IX . The majority of the council was of a contrary opinion , and the count quitted the meeting in anger . A letter from Cremona of the 2 nd , in the Nuremlerg Correspondtnt , states that some disturbance had taken place in that town , in Padua , and in Brescia . No particulars are given , except that at Cremona , the public having demanded at the theatre that the orchestra should play the hymn of Pius IX ., the police opposed it , and a riot ensued . Tbe armed force was at last sent for to clear the house .
GREECE . The suppression of Griziotti ' s insurrection is confirmed by the Athens papers , and the accident which led to it is thus told ny the Athens Courritr : — On the 18 th ult ., as Griziotti was inspecting the trenches , under a fire of artillery , a spent ball carried eff the wrist of bis left arm . Thus crippled , deprived of all medical assistance , and feeling tbe impossibility ef pro . longing his resistance , he engaged his men to assist in covering his retreat and' retire immediately to their homes . He was carried on a litter to Koumi , after the stump of his arm had beoa plunged into boiling pitch to
stop the hemorrhage . This painful operation was endured with singular sang frtid by this veteran general , now nearly a septuagenarian . Arrived at Koumi on the 20 th , he embarked in a schooner with sixty-seven men , among whom Colonel Seourtaniotti and Major Gervaa were distinguished . They set sail for Scio , whero , ac cording to the report of a merchant captain , Griziotti arrived before the steamer Otho and the schooner Nautilus , sent in pursuit of him , could reach him . In the meantime , General Gardlkiotis , informed by a prisoner en the 19 th of the accident which had happened to Griziotti , marched bis troops into the entrenched camp ofthe in . Burgents , who , after a sharp fusillade , dispersed .
PERSIA . Accounts hare been received from Persia , by way oflrebizonde , of a very serious nature . An insurrection had broken out among the troops encamped round Teheran , and the authorities , in order to put down this formidable movement , were forced to yield everything demanded by the insurgents . Oae of the first demands was with respect to their pay , which had been In arrears for a considerable time . This and the other demands of tbe soldiers having been granted , tranquillity was restored .
IHS WAR IN IHE CAUCASUS . Correspondence from Constantinople of the 28 th says , that the news from the Caucasus continues to be highly favourable to Schamyl , and that there can be no doubt of his having obtained signal advantages over the Russians this year .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . . The Royal mail steam-ship Cambria , Captain Judkins , arrived in theMeraey at noon on Monday , after one of the quickest runs across the Atlantic on record . The next House of Representatives will contain a majority of Whigs . By the elections thus far the Whigs have 113 and the Democrats 04 members . Elections are yet to take place for 21 members only , and should these result according to the last Congressional election—that is to say , in the choice of 17 Democrats and 4 Whigs—the Whig majo . it ; will nevertheless be six in a full house .
There is a story going tbe round of the American press , to the effect that a seaman had been forcibl y taken at sea , from the Boston ship Brookline , by her Britannic Majesty ' s steam frigate Columbia . We hope the statement will prove to be incorrect , as a few such occurrences would infallibly lead to a war . Fires have been frequent in the large cities within the last few days . In New York two firemen have been killed by the falling of walls ; and in Philadelphia , at the burniag of an extensive sugar-house , two estimable men were killed , and seven dangerously wounded . Accounts from Mexico down to the 15 th ult ., have been received . Paredes had returned to Mexico
from his exile , having been landed from the British steamer , and set off for the interior before the American authorities could stop him . The Teviot reached Vera Cruz , with Paredes , on the 14 th ult ., and the American jonrnals , which are involved in complete perplexity as to the probable result of this new feature in political affairs , seem disposed to charge the cemmander with aiding the chief to deceive the American authorities . General Scott had not yet marched on the capital . The . Americans were suffering considerable loss from the attacks of guerillas . .
Untitled Article
False Weiqhtb anb Meabdess . —A Bad Joke . —Mr J . Hughes , ah > galy-respectable fish-salesman in Billingsgate-market , was summoned by Mr Harvard , oaa of the inspectors of weights and measures , for having a beam and scale uDJust to the extent of Jib . on bis premises . T urner , the inspector ' s assistant , proved the case . The deficiency was caused by a piece of string having a weight at each end being affixed io the bar which suspended the buyer ' s scale . The defendant did not deny that the weights had been found as stated , but they had not been there for more than a minute . His nest-door
neighbour , a tradesman who would scorn anything like fraud , popped them on , as a mere joke , never oontem . plating the serious consequences that might ensue . Ur Alderman Capeland said it was a very bad joke for tbe . defendant . Was the neighbour present ! The guilty party , understood to be Mr Fleming Hewell , stood for . ward and admitted pitying off the joke on tbe defen . dant ' s scales . Ur Alderman Copeland : Then you ought to pay the fine . Mr Hewell : And so I will , your worship . Mr Alderman Copeland : Then pay 5 s , to eur poor-box , and the summons is dismissed . Mr Hewell pulled out his purse and paid the donation , evidently delighted with tbe idea of saving the reputation of the mistaken offender .
Bath . —Fiower Snow . —The fifth exhibition of the Bath Horticultural Society , and the last for the season , at Sydney Gardens , was unanimously admitted to be very good , and the fruit attracted , likewise , great attention and admiration . The upper part ofthe chief stand was decorated with some fine specimens of fusohiasand balsams ; and the side stands displayed some vines in pots and m full , bearing , beneath one of which appeared a splendid basket of artificial flowers ( ' so cunningly devised as to defy the closest inspection ') sent by Mws Germaino , and which was highly commended fer its beauty . The numerous prizes were di 8 tnbuted . intoclasseB , for nurser ymen , amateurs , and . cottagers . Among the successful amateur corepetiters were Colonel Miles , the Rev . Rhodes , Major Pickwick , Major Davi ? i &c .
Untitled Article
IRELAND . .... .. .. (( tyth ^ frm m tkfo pagej . STATE OP iHBCOOSfKT . '' "' ^ The Inneriek Chronicle gives the particulars of a S ^ t 09 B and unmanly outrago . Some time since t ^^ W ^ 'n g tear Limerick , in Clare county , M—fcP * * and an a ^ erapt , fortunately un-™ S ™/ . * w » de . onhis life . On last Thursday whSiTi ^ rWiD K t 0 "tod *¦ . Kn * i * hiwT ™ TU ] J ? ° undrel wwUedhim , threatened Sl ^ to iS ? Wll iSl ? ''c ? ffi «» wh 0 h 8 d sufferedhia S iSf \ l ^ fe »™ rode off to the next police station , . brought the r , nv ™« n « , » tmoU '
01 ¦ £ 2 T iV 8 Ucce ^ ed 7 n hVvinehim ar aiaaassswsrttSHs M ^ M ^ ri ' S 'What is strange . ' says the Limerick ChronicU , ' h that the rescue was led by the shopkeepers of the town . ; The guardians of Nenagh Union , elected six relieving officers , five of whom stood to some guard A ? 1 ni th u relatio i l of s ? ' n brother » « nephew . A fter this job was done , the five disinterested euardians resigned-The price of meat haa fallen in the provinces , the recent fall of rain having had this effect . ¦ ¦ ¦ :
DISTRESS OF IHBPBOPI . B . —RBUEP DEPOTS . The government relief system having been gene , rally brought to a close , some of her Majesty ' s steam vessels are employed in removing the stores remaining at the depots along the coast . In various diptricta of the south-west severe distress still prevails , and unless the new poor law shall be put into effectual operation , and employment upon a large scale provided for the able-bodied , the approaching winter will be one of terrible suffering amongst the poor . The government has determined to retain some of the principal depots , where the available food is to be stored , in order to be prepared with some machinery tor relief , should circumstances render it absolutely mo nth 7 interaote di 8 triots ' during the winter
r ^ nA x ° L la w gwudtofc at Galway owe nearly » , ; i : Hi . e 8 truck a rate of ^ , 000 and up . wards , and there is an outstandin g arrear of the former rate amounting to £ 3000 . Of course they have no cash m the treasurer ' s hands , and consequently al their supplies are had on credit . They find themselves in difficulties . Dr Phelan , assistant poor-law commissioner , stated some duyg since , that he knew nearly one hundred other unions throughout Ireland in a similar position , and suggests to them a plain cause why they are so . and a plain remedy . The
umon 3 having no funds in bank are obliged to purchase supplies on credit , and to pay exorbitant prices ! In this way they are always in debt and difficulty , and the burden on the union ia ultimately greater ; for whereas the cost of maintenance of a pauper in Dublin does not exceed Is . 9 J . per week , in Galway it reaches 2 s . 8 R per week . The remedy , ot course , is to lay on a rate , which , after making every allowance for non-payments and inevitable arrears , will leave a surplus , and enable the guardians to start with a capital .
BKFJSAIi ASSOCIATION , At the usual weekly meeting &f the association . James Fegan , Esq ., M . P ., presided . Mr John O'Cosrell commenced the business of the day by handing in £ 40 from the congregated trades of the City of Limeriek , as an ' evidence oi their devotion to the principles and teachings of their departed leader . ' The hon . gentleman then adverted at some length to the affairs of Italy , and expressed his regret that Ireland had not a domestic legislature , which would not hesitate for a moment in espousing the cause of Pius IX . The Rev . Mr Coobum expressed his opinion that the people of Ireland should demand from the government whether they might not be permitted to make a demonstration in favour of his Holiness . It
they were so permitted , he had no doubt but an army of 60 , 000 men could at once be raised to fight under the standard of independence iu Italy , and protect the Sovereign Pontiff in his glorious career against oppression and tyranny . Mr P . S . ButleB j M . P ., addressed the meeting at some length . Notwithstanding the abundant harvest with which Providence had blessed the country , there was every reason to apprehend that the labouring population would be in a worse position during the ensuing winter than they were at the same period last year . Henceforth they would have nothing to depend upon but the wages they were likely to receive for their labour from the landlords and tenants of Ireland , and those classes were so overwhelmed with difficulties that it was impossible they could
give employment to such extent as would prevent famine and pestilence . Such being tbe position of the country , he ( Mr Butler ) would appeal to common sense , whether it was reasonable to enforce the repayment of the advances made by England during the last session of Parliament . He would suggest to the government the expediency of placing that debt in abeyance . In saying so , he should not be understood aa wishing to repudiate the liability . On the contrary , he felt convinced that Ireland would feel extreme gratification in discharging her liabilities when Providence enabled her to do 89 . Mr John O ' Connbll subsequently addressed the meeting at considerable length . At the conclusion of the proceedings the rent for the week was announced to bs £ 67 19 j . 2 d ,
IRISH FISHERIES . The Gdway Mercury says : — ' Tbe infatuation that has come over the Ctoddagh people , cannot be accounted for on any reasonable principle . A fortnight ago , they appeared prepared to proceed on the herring fishery , and yet in the middle of September—aa unprecedented circumstance in Galway —not a boat has put to sea . there must be no sympathy felt for such persons ; and if distress and destitution come upon them , they will have themselves alone to blame . Some excuse or other is sure to be put forward ; one day it blows too fresh , another it is too calm for the take of fish . These men will call upon the inhabitants during the coming season for assistance , but who will be anxious to relieve those who , having tbe means , want the disposition to assist themselves V
BARBAROUS MURDER . The following appears in the Ballinasloe Star : — ' One of themes t horrible murders we have ever heard of , and of a description which is very rare iu our county , was perpetrated on Tuesday night in the neighbourhood of Mount Bellew . It appears that as a man named Fatrick Coatello , a driver in tbe employment of Ur James Cuffe , sf Bsker , was returning from ( that town , to tbe petty sesaioaa of which he bad a number of persons summoned for trespass , < to ., that day , he was waylaid by a party of men , who literally smashed his bead to atoms . An inquest wai held by Mr W . Kenny , coroner , which commenced oa Thursday , and waa adjourned to the next day . Dr Fitzgerald , R . ., and Mr Brereton ,
were in attendance , A most reipactable Jury were swore , who returned a verdict of Wilful Murder against persons unknown . Through the activity ot Mr Bernard Commins and the police , four men have been arrested on suspicion of having committed this atrocious aet . They have been committed to prison . This unfortunate Cos . tollo wbb driver and woodranger to Mr Cuffe , and one of the persons arrested occupied the same situation before Costello got it . This barbarous murder seems to have been perpetrated by striking their wretched victim with stones . His cbln was broken , bU teeth knocked out , and literally scattered on the road , and bis ear was cut in two , his nose was also broken , aad his h « ad dreadfully fractured . '
Sbu-rkuakcb . —Mr Richard Boarke the successor of Mr Moore O'Ferrall in the representation of Kildare , was recently entertained at dinner by a body of his father's tenantry , and on returning thanks for his health being given thus admonished his hearers :--Much has been aad will bo said of the prosperity of Ireland ; the sentiment Is doily spoken of in every meet , ing , and toasted at every dinner—various measures anproposed—various laws recommended to carry oat this great irork . But , it Is too often forgotten that the in . cre ' aEo of the prosperity of Ireland rests mainly with tht people themselves ^ Capital is wanted—capital is called for . Capital is , on all hands , agreed robe the means whereby Ireland is to be saved ; but this oapltal is onlj
to be attained by , the increase of eur own resources , The prosperity of Ireland is only to be attained by your own strong arms . Every man who improves bis form , who takes an increase of produce from his land , adds his share to the wealth of his country—adds bis pebbl > to the cairn of Erin ' s improvement , is a friend to Ireland , We are able to help ourselves ; we will no longer be dependent on the precarious assistance received from other lands ; and we will never rest until every sod in Ireland brings forth abundantly—till every inch ol ground is in its highest and fullest state of bearing . You have set the example of a change ol manners foi Ireland—you have vindicated the principle of self-reliance , I am confident that your example will be
followed , and that in a short time we shall havo amongst us more industry and exertion , less politics and mori ploughing , less argument and more action , less want and more reason , Ubs debating and more doing . Ever ; penny you make , every successful trawaotion that you embark in , adds to the oommon store of healthful prosperity . Legislation may follow improvement—may eon . firm and reward your labours , but i t cannot commence the good work . You must begin , you yeurself must lay the foundation of the fortress of your country ' * safety . Legislation must and will strengthen tbe outworks ; and you know this now , you have showed to the world in your aetlons the high value you set on these prin . ciplcs .
A Modest Paoposal . —An enthusiastic gentleman in the Freeman ' s Jowrnd proposes aa atsubscription for Mr O'Connell ' s family—a bagatelle of £ 100 000 The task he says , ' is as easy as it is pleasing . Every person who chooses te prove his love of country , and his gratitude to the successor of the purest patriot and greatest champion of freedom that Ireland ever produced , can do so at an imperceptible loss . If 80 united contribute aponrfd , or if 1 in 80 give but a pound , £ 100 , 000 would be raised by the Irish' people . Two aids are requisite ; butthege two are always foremost when the voice of their country calls—the clergy and the press . ' When it is remembered that the subscriptions for a taonwnent to Daniel O'Con-Hell himself have not yet reached £ 300 , the gathering
Untitled Article
of a ' plum' for his sons , though it may be ex tromely pleasing' to tie imasinatien o f Mr Amiw
Untitled Article
THE EXPLOSION ON BOARD THE CRICKETJTEAMER ™ ADJOURNED IKQDIBT . Before Mr Bedford , at St ; Martin ' s Worknouse by adjournment from Monday week , on the bodies of those killed by the above catastrophe . Mr M . Chambers , Q . C ., attended on behalf of tho proprietors of the boat ; Mr James on behalf of the MeBBrs Jojce , the constructors of the vessel and machinery ; and Mr M'Intyre on the part of the relatives of the deceased John Buckley . Japhet Edward * , of 6 , Perseverance-place , Radcliffe . highway , stokor ; g ' aid , in the latitr end of June , 181 C , ht joined the Cricket as stoker . Remained about six weeks . In the beginning of April last joined again , and remained about a month . That Was tbe last -time be
was employed in her . Occasionally be drove tbe engine a journey or two in tbs absence of the engineer . Thomas Claske was engineir in tbe beginning of April last . After Clarke had been there somo few days tbe beat lost speed very much . There was a great eteape of steam from tbe trunnions , through Clarke's neglect , by the packin g not being properly attended to . There were frequent complaints made by the captain of decrease of speed , At that time Clark tied down both tb » safety valves , by tieing a piece of spun-yarn from th « lever ofthe valveg outside the weight , which , was then brought down io front ef the boiler and attached to two iplke nails drove in the beam . The string was so tight that when fastened down it was impcssiblo lor tbe valves to act . Saw the valves in that condition almost con .
tinually for upwards of a fortni ght . Occasionally the valves were let leose on the boat coming alongside ofthe pier , but never when uuder wei gh . Haa frequently let thorn go on coming alongside the pier when Clarke ' s back was turned , Clarke always made them fast again the momtnt he heard the steam going off , and would rebuke witness for letting them g 8 . Witness frequently spoke to him about it . Told him that he bad better mind what he was about , or that something would oc cur . Said to him on one occasion , ' My life is as sweet as yours , aBd though you are fool hard y I am not ; ' and Clarke at once replied , « My life is as sweet as yours , ' mind your own business . ' The engines wouia often get hot . Never saw them get hot except when the valves wera tied down or beforeCUrke came on board . Never
saw them get hot at otter times except when the boat had been waiting four or five hour * alongside of a pier in foggy weather , with the steam up . The enginen would get io hot when the valves were tied do « n , that they would not condense the steam . Witness spoke to the captain repeatedly about it . On one sceaiion the captain asked him what he thought would happen , and witness said the probable consequence would be , that every one on board would be blown up and killed . On Friday when Clarke was called on board the Bee , aa engineer , named Buttress , came down in bis place , and on fleeing the valves tied down be ran over with both bis bands stretched out , and unloosed both of-them . Ono Sunday in April two of Clarke ' s friends enroe ob board , and brought gin with them . Witness brought another pint of gin down forthem , and Clarke became intoxicated . Witness let off the ( team and slaekened tb « fires , and went above . Ha heard tbe steam stop blowing off , and on going down 8 aw the valves tied .
Spake to Clarke about it . and went and untied the valves . Clarke made them fust again , and told witness to mind his own butinens . There were 400 poisons oa board at the time , the boat being alongside the Adelphipier . Witness shortly after heari a noise in the boiler , as if tbe plates were stretchin g , or giving , and again spoke to Clarke , but without effeet , and then went up and spoke to the captain of the danger . There was a steam gauge on board . Thoir usual force of going wafl forty degrees , but when the valves were tied down the mercury wouldriieto 44 degrees , and then the mercury would get mixed with water and steam , and become confused , so that no one could tell at what height the gauge was . Never heard what pressure the engine was intended to bear , but no doubt that faet was made known to the engineer . A 9 soon as the gauge got up to 40 pounds oa the tquare ineh the safety valves would rise up and let tke steam blow off , unless a pressure were put upon them .
By tho jsrj ; J am not certain whetbfr I over saw the valves rise at thirty . six pounds . I have nothing more to add , except that I have seen Clarke place a fire bar , weighing about 14 lbs . across the levers of tha valves , and he would then regulate the pressure by moving that backwards and forwards . When he brought it nearer the end of the lever there was more pressure . This was done when the valves wero tied . There was no ill-will between him and Clarke , exeept that we often had words about the tying down of the valves . Clarke would say , 'Mind your own business ; I must make the boat go , and the only way to do that ia
te keep the steam on . ' When I complained to the cap . tain , he told the superintendent . On the Saturday after the occurrence that I havo spoken of on Sunday , I was discharged . I went to Mr Smith to know the eause of my being discharged . Mr Smith said it was in consequence of the oration Ijmade on the Sunday before . I said I thought I ought to be commroded , instead cf being blamed for that , and he said that in consequents of the leud tane in which I spoke to the captain , a great many persons had left the boat . What I said to th aptli ^ tDB Sunday was , Ifyou allow these practices to be carried on by Clarke , sooner or later you will have an accident . ' ¦
By Mr James ; When I first went on board tbe Cricket , the boiler and machinery were entirely new . The Coroner : How do you know that?—Witness : 1 have HufficieHt experience to know new machinery . I know that Kent was in the employ of Messrs Joyce , and was sent on board on the first working of the engines , [ Ths witness was here banded a model of tbe top part of the safety valve and a plan ofthe engine , and explained the mod * in which tke valve worked . ] Theiffect of tying down tbe valve was to create an unfair pressure on the boilers , and if continued for a long tim « would wear them away . Leakage would happen from the package not being attended to , independent of any de . feet in the boiler . Tbe leakage of tbe steam at the trunnions weuld not be at all caused by unsoaadness of the boiler .
In reply to Mr M'Intyre , the witness stated that Clarke said to him , ' I do not care a d—n about either Mr Joyce or MrMeecham . I am put here to make tbe boat go , and go she roust . ' The speed of the boat was increased by the tying ofthe valve for a few revolutions , until the engine got hot , and there was time then lost ia cooling it . ' Several passengers by the Cricket here deposed as to seeing the valvesjtied down , and to the danger accruing therefrom . Mr Henry Craieo , of 11 , Adam- » treet , Adelphi , surveyor , examined : I wag on bsard the Cricket boat at tha time of tbe explosion , There was no escape of steam during the time I was on board , I was on board from four to five minutes before the explosion took plaoe . The boat was attached to the pier and was afloat at the time .
By Mr James : I consider that a steamer should not be five minutes at a pier without tbe steam being let off . I was in the habit nf going almost daily by the company ' s boats . The beat wag just after arriving , and the pas * lengars were earning on shore as I went down to get on board . William Warren , 12 , Diana-place , New-road , engineer , examined : Is employed in the King ' s College workshop . Has been often on board the Crltket , and noticed the safety valves . The first time he noticed them was abont the middle of April last . On arriving at the Londonbridge pier , he remained on board with tbe intention of returning in the boa t to the Adelpbi . After a minute or two he observed that there was bo steam escaping , and he then looked into the ' steam box , and dlscovereda piece of spun yarn attached to tho lever of tbe safety valve . It was tied as near the end farthest from the fulcrum as it
could be . Went immediately down into the engine roam . Saw a man stoking there , but nobody else . On looking rouud he saw two ropes attached , one to each valve . There was one valve to each boiler tied , Betb tho ropis were fixed to the baam , but whether by naila of staples he could not say . He teuehed the rapes and found them tremendously tight . They were very tight indeed , and they operated in this way , that tbe safety valve was no safety valve at all with them . H « made nn observation to the man that was stoking , who said , < Oh , that is nothing . ' He replied , ' Oh , ain ' t it . ' He immediately went up and got to the furthest part of the boat , Was on board again about the end of the same month , and he then found the valves at liberty , and the stuam blew off when they got to the pier . Was on beard again on tbe Wednesday or Thursday before she blew up . Found that both ths valves were fastened down then as on the first
occasion . Did not go below then , and got off the boat as soon as he could . A person doing so often gets Into sorapes , and there is danger of a working man losing his employment in consequence . By Mr M'Intyre : If the spring valves were not fastened down tbe steam would have escaped from them when the other valves were tied down on the Btearaer arriving at the pier . The witness begged to add that bis opinion was , that the boiler burst from pressure , and not from shortness of water . He considered it was impossible to construct a boiler to thick that it would not burst without a safety . valve .
Mr John D . Smith , of Bedford-square , distiller , was then examined with regard to the ownership of tho boat . He stated that the boat was the joint property of himself , Mr William Corry , of Verulam-buUdinss , Gray . s innhne , Mr Aldeiman Thompson , and Mr William Forman , of the iron works , London-bridge . The Cricket boat and machinery were built b y Mr Joyce , by contract , in 1849 . Has been constantly on board , hoping by his presence ' t * keep everything in order , and that those oa board did thel * duty . Never heard anything about the safety-valve beiag tied until the quarrel between the stoker and tts engineer , which they had heat ( 1 of in the evidence . Waa
In the habit of going below , but did not notice the valves tied . It wns barely possible that such a thing might have occurred without his seeing it , as he could not Imagine that such a thing would be attempted , and did not look for it He had lost one of his eyes during the past year , and could not since then see as well as previously , but still he thinks he would have noticed suchjLtting if it had been done . The englnetrs hav ^ -tfo ( jtiwe ^' ojt , choosing their own stoktrs , as it «^ uppp . se ^ ha ; b tWy V 3 are best able to judge of tho capabiHtJeB of , the melii . tb * ^ . ^ « J man who made tbe complaint boo ^ o ^ at ; , theff ^ ne > . tK ^ p P&m O ' . ' ¦ ' T'' ^ --y ^^ ' ' ' ' -- ^~ y' - iM- ^ m ^ Pi .. ¦ ¦ ¦^ M (! $ t ^ Pj ® , ' * ' >¦ ' . ¦ » ¦¦ . "• ' 'Ci j / ' .. .. ¦ '•¦ . '¦ "' vj ( . V . s ^
Co Umial Mffl 4fottfgit%
Co Umial mffl 4 fottfgit %
Untitled Article
L ^ j ^ ftToF MONOPOLY . I . jg UDlWSWOT SOBIflW 8 UR , I ^ i tisu 5 nallyheldasamaxim , dicta . ted alike I ^ d *^ * 11 ^ ^ t 0 taie advantage of | k giso tt of prosperity to make preparations for W ^ ods of adversity j to make hay , in fact , pj jthe sun shines , and prepare in summer for Kproidus of winter . PL nofortunately , this timely providence is , I . jjost of us , a lip-maxim only : in action it r ^ egd letter , and we leave it to the most indg-L ^ t animals and insects to vferk , whilst we , r- ^ nr superior wisdom , admire bat will not ^ te them . *—^ S S OF LAND MONOPOLY .
I gfta Maw , however , must surely learn from exl ^ ience ; we have been taught during the last two Lp * fearful lesson on the iniuffidency of the asoit modes of proceeding , both with regard to ^ legislature , and onrprivate indnstrj . We have U England almost prostrate at the feet of other Ufions , crouching to them for a morsel of bread ; L have seen those manufactures which have been Ljrboas ^ almost rejected , glutting our own margfyand refused in our neighbours '; we have found j gselves compelled to support a sister-nation from ^ jhard-earned scanty wages of our own labourers , j jiXat then * own food has been procured only at
^ june prices ; and if we are capable of gathering psiom from the experience ot the past , every man , f , and every woman in England , nrast , ere this j # e learnt the utter fiulsey of the doctrine that pa-manufactures can command corn from other | p ds-4 bat it is safe , or expedient , or even possible , taciratinue a system by which our own land cannot jeiaade to produce food for tbe people born on it But to suppose that such a state of things was ( fer designed by Heaven , is a monstrous blasphemy ; god never . yet created a being without creating food jjrits support ! In tbe scorching plains of the E « st—among the glaciers of Iceland—from pole to
fo ! e , there are the means in nature for bread enough isd to spare , if man does but take the proper meftod for producing it . And is rich and fertile Eng-Smd alone exempt from the general rule ? Is she jcly to produce a population to starve and die pre-Bitnrely ? Is our peasantry to lose its bold manlijjss from lack of nouriture , and are English parents ja bring children forth for whom they cannot earn tread ? The thought is monstrous ! Would that 8 were not alse horribl y true ! The events of many jeas past have revealed the fact in all its naked dsonniiy ; the aiatistics of the last two years esj eaaJly , have elicited facts which , if ri ghtly viewed , fill discover the cause of this crying evil , and , in ^ covering , lead us to its annihilation .
The facts to which I more particularly allude r » 1 st . That under tbe present mode of culture gogland does not produce sufficient food for her population . ¦ 2 nd . That a Free Trade with other countries , and irepeal ofthe Corn Laws , are not effectual provijjons against famine . 3 rd . That our market , and all other markets are srostocked with our manufactures , and that this is a dally increasing evil ; that this glut in the saanufectnres , though felt most acutely by factory Isbourers , baa the direct and indiiect effect of injurio gthe whole community .
4 th . That crime is greatly on the increase , in spite of all that has been attempted for the prevention of crime ; and that crimes affecting human life—suicide , and murders , " by poison especially—fill { very day , the columns of our papers . Whence it is impossible to avoid arguing a growing recklessiiss of existence , in the minds of the community . These are grave and alarming facts , and it behoves all who wish well to their country , to inquire whence these evils spring , and how they may be averted .
It may be said that tbe first ofthese tasks is easyand so it may be , like most things , when the cine is g iven . But it appears to me that our political eco-Doausts have either reasoned from wrong data , or contented themselves with tbe superficial appearance 8 f things , and neglected to di g below it . It is , indeed , an acknowledged fact , to which none wifl subscribe more readily than myself , that England , as it is at present cultivated , does not produce food sufficient for the cultivation of its people . Here b ground on which all parties meet : but I , for one , Caago no further in then : good company . They ascribe this deficiency—first , to a perpetually increasing surplus population ; secondly , and as a corollary to the first , that tbe land is not capable of bearing a greatly increased crop to meet the increasing necessities of tbe people .
To remedy these evils , they would draft off every year to foreign shores , numbers of our surplus population ; asd for the remainder , they would beg tbe clarity of our continental neighbours , and entreat of ftem the food we ourselves ( according to their showing ) cannot grow . Now these remedies are , in fact , worse than the disease . They do not cure the evils they profess to cure , and they create others of equal magnitude . We have now made trial of these quack prescriptions—we have tested their exact no-value , and every thinking man most hare discovered by this time , Hat something else must be advanced—some more judicious measures adopted to create plenty through the land , and make its people that which they ought to be—its glory and its wealth .
Admitting , with the political economists , that England is , at present , not sufficiently productive , I assume that the fault lies in our own defective mode of culture , not in the sterility of the soil ; and thh granted , we dare the utterance of that which onr would-be statesmen shrinkfrom asserting , namelythat our defective mode of culture is the inevitable result of tbe monopoly of land by large capitalists 1 . ^ Nature has formed immutable laws for the govemment of her subjects ; laws whichcannet be violated by individuals or classes , without injuring the whole community ; all her decrees
harmonise with each other ; all are based on the principle of general prosperity , and the happiness of mankind at large . Nature dictates , 'In the sweat of thy brow shalt tboneat bread ; ' and she adds , ' In all labour there is profit ; ' but we have violated her decrees , and read her " » " > thus : ' In the sweat of thy brow , shall others eat bread—in the labour of the many , is the profit of the few . ' And , as might be expected from such cross-reading , we are left with the fruits of our own folly on our bead . A few roll in luxury ; and the remainder in hunger , in nakedness , in brutal ignorance , and soul-debasing crime , -stalk through the land .
Yet if we would follow the dictates of reason and -common sense , we might rapidly alter our national position ; and , it is because I have , of late , seen a hope of this happy progression , that I have been led to address yon on the subject . The National Land Company appears to me to open out to the English labourer a prospect of national prosperity from which he has been long excluded . I have carefully studied tbe subject , and
viewed it , as 2 I believe , in all its bearings , and feel convinced tnat the project contains the germs of a aew and a better order of things , not for one class , or one individual , but for all , from the hi ghest to the lowest ! An improved peasantry—prosperous , intelligent , contented ; flourishing manufacturers ; a government composed . of enlightened , patriotic , prac . tical men—all these blessings exist in that new order of things of which the National Land Company is the foretaste .
' What great events from trivial causes spring !' A faithless Helen elopes—and a ten years' war , with all its bloodshed and anarchy , are the results ! A few robbers and outlaws congregate , and Io ! an empire is founded ! An . old man carves hieroglyphics on the bark of a tree—and tha printing press 13 established , and knowledge is spread over the astonished world . An apple falls , and the secret laws of Nature are revealed ! Is it then too much to hope that from this small beginning we may look for great results ? That in a different system of internal government , in a more promising mode of cultivation of our land—in developing the resources of this fertile island , we may find a remedy for those evils which have £ 0 constantly threatened to overwhelm us ?
That labour may yet be wealth , and tbe labourer may find profit in bis toil—that the manufacturer may find a daily increasing home market for bis goods , and no longer depend on our foreign relations ? The experiment is at least worth the trial , for in tbeir present state tbe peop le cannot long remain . Our peasantry must be arrested in their onward progress towards pauperism—for difficult indeed will it be to raise them when once that lowest point is Sained . We may prevent , —to cure is almost impos-? ble ; a nation ' s prosperity , like a woman ' sTionour , » aerer to be regained . ' Pity may neura , but not restore ; A ' nation falls to rise no more . '
But to the peculiar benefits of tbe Land Flan , to tbe moral and physical condition of the . people , I will , with your permission , devote a few words next week , Meantime , I hail it as an omen of a bri ghter day , when white-robed peace and . smiling plenty shall be inmates in the humblest dwellingB . When the Paop is shall have their due weight in the consideration , of the legislature , and be to theHselTes that which they in truth are to others-tte spring and source of wealth aid contentment . lCO ?* Maipeenma J flouri « n »** W We , * ff J ttak « them , at a bretf * natb made ; . bw a U ) i peasantry , their eountrj » ipiWe , wnea onoe destroyed can nevar be supplied . ' Iam . Sir , Faithfully yours , Fhilodehos . peculiar benefits oftto T 1 T 1 I
Untitled Article
MND Mr 1 * 184 * THE NORTHERW i *^ ¦ Brt lo flu ¦ ' : 1 _
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 18, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1436/page/7/
-