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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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, „¦ i * I ¦ ¦¦*¦ ' -- ¦ iVi-im , |( ,. 1 , ^ .. , SWlTffiRLiffi-V ^^ ?« x « JifS" »«* ihs « ltJtt « tan * TS&ttmm . jiDKAL VICTORIES {—CAPTURE OF LUCERIE J CiKtClinOH OF IHK PHnOTIVB OAMO *? . DISSOLUTION OP THE SOHDERBloSb to * £ « £ ?»!? £ rti 8 ed fa tte ^ toa of fcr j ^ rg on ftes Mth . On the same day tha Provisional governmen t issued the following decree : — Bring oWIgea by drentattaneei to adopt the cost BTjeot aetinrei to arrest the crane of the etiliwHth ^ erwhelm the country , and present their recnrreace . ^ e ^ M the accession of * e canton of Fribourf to the gnti Mtfonal league called the Soaderbund m ptind pi » yth » workof , the Jesuits and their associates in ^ . E ^ l ^*** - " **!***** - 1847 which declared the
taster , , Society of J « m to be jscotnp » tible irith orfler and tranquillity to Swtttttiand tf Snriteatte « mk > nof Fribourg to expel them from Its territory . ; ndmg to secure to the ciril authorities the gberly of action necessary for th . lasting pacification of ft 6 caaten ^ andbdngiuwted iri * the extensive powers COBftrredonthem by the resolution of ths popalar as . jemNyheMon the igth November Lut ; wYhave It cteeAz— The Joints , corporations , congrewtioni tesdtfi , ana profcior . . SlUted to that orffrm bwUhea for ever from the Fribourg territory . * This Btww . i « pph « . to th . J « niU , the Ligubrt . ns . tte * U ^ te ^! Lf * rtl IpummSw ; the Brethren of the C brisbau Doctrme , the Sister , of St Joseph , the Sbu » ofS * TmcentofP . ule , andtheKun . of fte Holy H « £ Consteiabons and corporations of that description 8 h » U ^* ' !^ . ? ^ ' « **«* * the canton Maer enomnafion or t
^ preu . ^ t ^ er . top ^ chasrpro . prf , u > it , orto fcrectpublie or private < SSuha £ to ftose orfers and congregations shall quit the canton wffcm the Fpace of thrica 24 hours from the publieaU ™ ^^^ ^ - AU theproperry . aovabfeor S posMssrfiy tha abore-mentoned corporation ! . U to BBSS ? ' *' 1 fteStafe . ^ t ? S « fci £ applied to public instruction . Te that effect it fa to be fefucstorea . and , after an in » entorr of it shall hare been taken , it shall be placed under the ciril administraHon Th « cession or sales of any part of sWa property as far baek asthel 5 thof Octobtr , are considerednnll ana vaia . The directors of the deparhaent of the poKce and finance ¦ I * Kipecthrely Charged witk tha execuHon of ftepreeent decree , The present aWe becomes obligatory imme . dxatalyoa its promulgation , and shall be publishes and posted up in the usual places .
ThePresidsnt Schiucx . _ ^ The Chancellor BrBzicHioLD . Pribonrff , Kor . l 9 . J ^ E ? £ ^ L ewea the ^ "P of Friboure , an gjmm * . had been foneht between the federal SSSiSS ?« . people « ' Zn 6 the K ^ nlfc of which SSSS ^ T * tol ^ *«^^ The following ire the terms of tie capltnlatica :-ArbdeL The eanton of Zng secedes from theSonder-Dand . . ... Art . 2 . Thefed ^ troops will oc cupy the canton on tte ewning of the 22 ad . Art . 3 . The federal troeps will be lodged and ma 5 n tamed in the canton of Zug ,-according to thamffitarj regulationi .. .
Art . 4 . Zog will disfcand it « troops , whose arms win tie deposited in the cantonal arsenal . The troops of tte overstates of tte Soaiertund will quit the canton ofZog . ¦ - . Art . 5 . The arms of tte landsturm are likewise to fee deposited in the cantonal arsenal . The remaining articles are a mete repetition « f tfaoso of the capitulation of Fribonrg . On the whole of the army of the Swiss Diet crossing the frontier of Lneerne , on the 22 nd . the Commander-in-chief issued the following order of theday : —
Federal soldiers , —You are about to enter tte canton of Lucerne . As soon as you shall have crossed the frontier , lay aside your anjer , and think only of acsoxplisb . In «! the duty imposed npia yon b y your country . March boldly against the enemy ; fight bravely , and stick to your colours whilst yon hare a drop of blood in your veins ; hut as soon as victory shall have declared itself on oar side , forget all ideas of vengeance ; behare like generous warriors , ana spare tha wounfied . You will thus show true courage . Under all drcmastanees , as I b * Te already commanded , respect tte charches and allbuilSngs appropriated to pnbl ' c worship . Nothing will dishonour your standard so much as outrages against religion . Take under your protection all defenceless persons , and de not allow them to be outraged or ill-treated . Destroy nothing without necessity , ana mmitneact . of dishonesty . Inaword . aonductycur . selves in suc ^ a way as to merit esteem , and show yenr . elf es worth * of tte name you bear .
As they advanced the landsturm fell back upon the town . The Commander-in-chief also addressed a proclamation to the people ef Lucerne , in which he declare that the Catholic religion shall remain intact , and that these who state tha contrary deceive the public . He exhorted the citizens to remais in their Leases , assuring them that if they did no harm should come to them . - Although the federal armv converged to the city of Lucerne in fire eolomas by different roads , it was that division commanded by Colonel Ziegler , arirnnc ing by the road running parallel to the Rsbs ? , which it wa 3 evident mtat first arrire at the capital of the league aed decide the contest , and it tos accordingly
against this that General Salia Ssglio directed his chief defences . The road follows the left back of the river to Sina , and thence to Gislikon , where it passes by a bridge to the right bank . In advance of Gislikon , at Honan , a strong redoubt wag constructed on an eminence , the gans of which swept the xoact ^ by which the division of Ziegler must pa 3 « . This division having crossed tha river at a lower peint by means of a bridge of boats , advanced to the forttf Honan by the right bank earl ? on the momingef the 23 rd . Here a sharp action took place , which lasted several honn , at the close of which the fort was taken by assault by the column commanded by Colonel E ° loft The loss sustained on both sides in thi 3 affair is reported to have been considerable .
bat the official retnrrs not having been received such estimates can have no other ground than mere conjecture . The federal troops then advanced to Roth , a small village within a league anda half of Lneerne , where they again encountered a vigorous resistance . Here the troopBof the Sonderbund suffered severely , three battalions baiag cat off from the main body and compelled to lay down their arms . It was at first reported , bat , as it after sards proved , erroneously , that General Salis Sogliolhimself was among the prisoners on thi 3 occasion . It is sfSnned , hewever , that the general was wonnded in the cheek , and tkat one of his aide-de-camp surrendered to Colonel Ziegler . After this fruitless resistance the
troopa of the primitive cantons took . flight in complete confusion , escaping into the mountains , while those of Lucerne retreated precipitately to the city . Meanwhile the federal , troops advanced and seize 1 the heights which eemm&nd the town , without farther resistance , when , as we have already reported tie city , on the morning of the . 24 th nit . surren * deredflicondUionaMy . In the middle of the preeed ing night , the governor , accompanied by General Salis Soglio , escaped on the side of tha lake by a steam-boat , carrying off with them the public chest , and the moat important papers . On the morning cf the 24 tb , the federal troops are reported to have been well received on entering the town .
While these events took place in the valley of the Reuss , the division of Gmnr was marching from the canton of Z ag along the-shores of . the lake of that name and it encountered a vigorous resistance at a strong position at Booterberg . ocenpied by the troops of Schwyte and Unterwald , but this was oarnedafter a brisk engagement , asd thiscolumn formed a junctisa with that of Colonel Ziegler , before the arrival of the latter at Lneerne . A TfceZimcHGi « TiEoftte 23 tbt 4 tsay 3 ttatafter the affair at Gislikon , GeneralSalis Soglio returned to Lneerne , where he found that witutte exception of M . Ruttimanallthe members of the government faadfled . TOerenpon the general of theSonderbund declared openly that he would sever have accepted the command had he believed that he would be conected withsuch miserable ereatures .
n - . Sisce the above was written wa have reeeiyed th « Helv 2 H « of 27 th alt . Thatjournal says thatit was at three in the afternoon of the 24 th that the federal troops entered Lucerne . Three battens of the Lucesne troops were made prisoners . The honaerbnnd General , Sonneberg , was also made Phonier . The Lnceraese lost six pieces of artillery .. two dismounted and four captured . The loss of the federal troops is reported t » be seventy men . ....... The HnvMU announces ; in apostenpt that the federal troops had entered the March of Schwyte , and that that canton was already occupied . The following letter has been j dfressed to the CossnnmojiHtt by a corre spondent of Jf ^™ - writtenon 25 thult ., th 9 day » ft « -thefederal troops took that city— '
: _ ... . fl ! oM ftn ^ r . m ^ ier . of ^ goTemn . nttooktc . flight on tts night of the 28 ri , ia rteamen , taking withi them all ttemeiaberiofttereUgtoos houses , men and . m tte J ^ t—tTerythteg ia ftrt , «»« to the state W . Iwrfng tha onfortanato lucernese to the aerey Of tto cemqutrors . The consternation of the inhabitaats was too great to be daieribed ; they BO Io = «« to « w ^ £ 52 erfdofag . andtt . red ( tte party of-O » * " ** " ** « npplicted almost oa their taee . tt « UbeTal membKSO « tte muuiciBUcoundlto aave them . « f * " ^ lTtt « , llen ,. A . « 0 T « . nroi » I » rfto do wh * t be « uW .
« r £ = j&ara p j 5 SUgwartandhisdiqw . Our friendf entered tte town on the afternoon of tke | 24 tb , aaa were «***«* ^^ j Inoor house alone are leo ^ ea elg hty ^ ne w "" !*^ two officen , bat we fe not complain . & > mfl Balthasar i « th » only officer of iMerneftat was luUed . The following has been addressed to the samejow nal from Berne , the 26 th nit .: — . rf t My leturofyesterdayhaa put yoa fa V *™*?™ Jj ' « t , Op to th ( fdaj before th . entry « f th . liberal troops ^ oLueern .. Inoweenfti « niywcital . I »* . ^; « J » itputaOon boa fbs municipal council or w *» t o « teaelK 44 ecamp , ta » Ucit as armUUce . «»«» .
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"""- ^ Dofour-MplUdJfcaUt s too late -tt . * u . » . bebpenel without delay . IhKa . ^ 25 * n ^ - to ; a £ athe next day apart £ ^ he llSi ? ^ , ? greed . ered . ahouVoietfdoA ^ ehT ^ S ' r ^' , 011 en < tteinmirybaHdbfthe plaSlw ^! ^^ mmmm « S"SS ^^^ S " ^ . Sr 5 f « the i « x > P » . The tame day , about four o ' clock was J flui south of ^ cerne , the van Suard of the OchYeS amston , andBoenatvCrtte division itself appeared After almost continual engagements , either with th . regular troops or wits tte landstormers " fhis dWisi ^ - r : ¦ - i Td-
, on had succeeded fa turning thestrong pasltlonsof Sonnenoerg ana Gutsch , by entarinjs - intrepidly the deBle of Kenggish . They werenotaware of that fact tha Lneerna had surrendered , and itis evident itosa this bold march cpnceivea ana executea with the utmost ability by ' CoL OchKmbein , ttat if lucerae had not been atfsady taken Uwouia have fallen with tte greatest facUity six hourJ later , inconsequence oftte ad » ant » geous position which this column had taken up . Proa verbal account , given me by several persons present at the attack of Gi ikon It appears ttot the loss of tte federal troops was considerable . They suffered , iu particular , from a bod , f riflemen belonging to tteprimitive cantons , posted in 2 SZ * - *• " «* « . fonna "ecessary ' to surround tte t and kill tte
spo greatest number of them , tte rest were made prisoners . As to tte troops of the Donatz division , they arrived on tte nwrningof the 2 itb , without meeting with any great resdstance , at EicheHbad , aooat two leagues from lucerne , on the northeast ; those of the Bourckhardt dwision , after havine bivouacked near tte bridge of tte Emme , moved forwara , and a part of them enttred lucerne yesterday afternoon . The inhabitants of ttU . plaee ( Berne ) were agreeably surprised ttis morning at seeing . tte mail arrive from Lucerne in a char-a-banc . The post-office administration of lucerne wrote word that they are delighted to see tte former relations resumtd between tte two places , and express a heps that the intercourse may not beagain interrupted . ¦
Akotheb . Accouh t—Lucerne has falleB ! The army of the confederation , under GeneralDufour , ad * vanced against . it onthe 22 nd , tdt . from four points . ' Fierce resistange was offered to the corps of Ochsenbein . whose artillery , soon repnlsed the Lucernese . But the moat important engagements took place nnrthof Lucerne , where : General Gmur attacked the bridge of Gislikon , and carried it , together with the fortified positions of Rota and Dierikon , forcin » his way by the evening of the 23 rd ult ., to the very sates of Lucerne . That evening , says the Bade Gostilt , a deputation from Lucerne arrived at the headquarters of GeneralDufour , atSmis . ' atownon the Reus , a few miles from Lucerne with propositions foracapitulatira . The general answered that it was too Bte , and demanded the unconditional submission of the city- This submission was consented to on the Morning of the 24 th alt , and ttio federal troops marched into the town . :: ¦ :
On the 23 rd ult . General Dufour sent a despatch to the President of the Vorort , announcing his success The landstunn of Lucerne disbanded on the 23 rd ult ! AtSursee , in the canton of Lucerne , the troops of the confederation . were received with welcome and enthusiasm , the white flag beiag hoisted . On the 23 rd , a division of the federal troops , under General Keller , marched into Schwjtt and ocenpied Schalebach . Reichenbourg , and Siebnen . the landatnrm disbanding , and the authorities of the district capitulating . .
( From the Correspondent of the Tmes . ) t -4 i . »> ' , L ^ ERNE , Nov . 26 . I arrived at this place , the head-quart , n of Ge" ?? It ^ g N ^ . ' - ! " . ° ™ " > g . bj the diligence which leftBasle last evening . It was the first journey which'had been made between the two tomis since the mvestment of Lucerne , and the apprehension that there might be some obstruction or disturbance on the road deterred several persens from availing themselves of the occasion . The apprehension , however , was groundless , for although there wa 3 agood deal of shouting and singing at the tavern-doDr 3 in the various town 3 we passed through , there was no indication of hostile or angry feeling . When we arrived at the first post-house within the
frontier of the canto * of Lucerne , the ear was salu « ted with sounds of boisterous mirth , louder than any which we had heard before ; and upon looking out to inquire the cause , the mob pointed ^ nt to us ° a' tree of liberty . ' of statelyjdhnension 3 , which they said they bad forced the landsturm to erect in the course of the preeedingday . I need not aay that I was agreeably surprised to fini the worthy Lucernois in such good humour , and wilingly pledged them and theirPatrie ' m bumpers of sour wine . I may add thatat all the post * houses and taverns along the road from this point we found similar , monuments and manifestations , the latter increasing in noise as we approached the town . Some mile 3 from Lucerne also ; the road began to be crowded on either " side with troops bivouacking , or already on the move for their Quarters . Araone 3 t
these the most exemplary spirit of cheerfulness and goad order appeared to prevail . I watched them narrowly , and did not kq a single man the least intoxicated , and they mixed with the villagers upon terms of perfect friendliness . Altheugh we left Basle with only two passengers , myself and a little stout enthusiastic German , the places were all filled before we reached the frontier of the canton—filled , it appeared , by emigrants who had been driven from their homes by the political troubles , and who g ladly took the first opportunHyofreturmBg . Their joy a 3 they recognised one another , and shouted out words of welcome and triumph to all the loiterers along the road , created a Bcene of excitement such as I never witnessed before , and shall not soon forget . " . ¦ . .
Arrived within the gates of the town , we found the stress actually one mass of soldiery of all arms , so that it was with difficulty wemade our way through to the post-house ; yet from first to last the most perfect order prevailed , and cold and huBgryasdoubt Ies 3 many of them were , they ' interchanged salutes with the passenger * , and the conductor , and the coachman , as if they had all met upon some occasion of fite , instead of in acaptured city a few hours after as obstinate engagement attended ; with , much loss on both sides . The shops , of course , were all closed , and so , indeed , were the houses generally , and have remained so during the day . Very few of the inhabitants have been out of their doors , though , from
what I have observed of the temper of the soldiery , Ireali ] do net think they would have much to fear if they had shown themselves . . Although the vast body of federal-troops , after the surrender of the town , poured into it from four different quarters . I have ascertained that very few instances of violence against the property of the inhabitants occurred , and that they were immediately checked ,, and the offenders in most cases arrested . Yesterda ) an attack wa 3 made upon the house of Siegwart Muller ( a hated name ) , which was gutted , but the rioters were captured , and there is now a guard over the house . . .
Amongst the troop 9 of the captured city who were disarmed , were some 300 from the canton of Valais , who were lefc in a very destitute condition far from their homes , the military chest having been taken away bv Mailer and his friends . They presented a aiserablepictureas they stood all the morning under the windows of the Scheisgerhoff , the General ' s head-quarten . It is worthy of mention that a subscription was raised for their immediate relief by some charitable individuals , and in the afternoon they were seat to Basle , where they will remain in quarters until further orders . ¦ With regard now to the progress of this deplorable civil war . Ton have already heard of the capture or capitulation of Fribourg , Zug , and Lucerne—three out of the seven leagued cantons .... Yesterday the capitulation of Unterwalden arrived at head-quarters , and to-day a large body of troops have marched toocenpy that territory * Of the remaining three
cantons , Scbwytz yesterday sent to head-quarters to ask for twsnty-four hours for deliberation , wliicn waa granted . This armistice expires to-day , but at the movement « f writing I have not heard that their ultimaum has arrived . If they do not surrender , the federal troops will probably marchagainst them witb out delay . It is remarkable , as a fact very favourable to the federal cause , that the weather is un * usually mild for the time of year ; had it been other * wise , the troop 3 would probably not have been able to effect what they have done . ¦ ¦ No definitive arrangements have yet been promulgated for the future government of Lucerne , which fs at present under the protection ofthe military . This evening , however , a meeting of some of the townspeople took p lace in an open space opposite the Cafe in Theatre , when the Ex-President of the Criminal Court addressed them on the subject , and eventually a committee of seven was appointed to deliberate on the matter , and who are to Kport at nine
o ' clock to-morrow morning . , - When I wrote yesterday from Basle , I stated that some doubt was thrown upon thereported capture of Ammun and Saifa . Sogtio . With wgard to the former , there is now no doubt . He is safe in prison . There exists great exasperation of feeling against all these persons * ... , „ .. It was interesting to see , in the midst of all the bustle here to-day , how the soldiers flocked to gaw upon the celebrated Helvetic lion , sculptured in the solid rock by ThorwaldwB . in commeration of the
slau ghter cf the Swiss tiuards on the memorable linn of August , 1793 ; and it would be well if their minds oould be disabused of the impression , bat too prevalent , that Franeeis now requiting this act of devotion ^ wt MripS ^ At the moment of closing my despatch . Ihave the following from the highest authoritV --The canton of Schwyte has capitulated , subject to ratification , which will take place to-morrow . SeGrrad Council of Uri has assembled ^ deliberate the riety of capitulating
upon prop w Frm < mtkr cmup < mdetaofiheTivtt . LtCERJW , NOV . 20 . The primitiTe Swiss cantons , Uri and ^ nterwaldea , terrified and discouraged since the loss orthe battle of Gislikon , have this day sent a flag p f truce f « ( General DufooT . They effer to submit to the Orf 2 ofi& « the >~ r s&a ? own occapjiBg their couatrj with a militwjfMOe ,
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$ oniemand M ^ at ite ^^ 4 S gs ^ saa abouv J ) 0 . Genwal Sogho , who was wounded in the head hastakecresugem Uri . where he met the cfeiefe flp ?^ ?** 9114 # ?* n » and the Jesuit * who flea some hours previously . T T Lamb Inteixi 8 kkce . 1 HS JMUTK EXMIITID BT THE PsoptB OP LuCBUHB . ( D rom the Correspondent of the Tares . ) ,
* . , ¦ ' ¦ LrcKRNfi , Nov . 27 . An ,. Inte ** fat event ocsurred this day-the assembhng of the people to m » ke arrangements for their future government . The place of meeting was in the open air , opposite the Cafe du Theatre , and the only preparation made waB a large deal staje or ii on * hlcl 1 'be orator for the time being stood . Herr Hertenstein , formerly President of the Court of Appeal , but who was removed by the late Govern Xi " !? ' opened the proceedings . He moved that the Provisional Government of the canton for the time being should consist of the members of the existing Munici palCouncil ( all Liberals , ) with the addition ( in conformity with the provisions of the ConshtutHjnof 1841 ) : of two membera from each bailiwick ( five in number . ) This resolution being put to a show of hands was earned , but not wjthout some signs of disapprobation being directed against one of the namea .
DrSteinger then-rose , and was received withenthnaiasticcheers ; This gentleman ' s history is a remarkable one in' the history of his canton . lie was imprisoned in a miserable dungeon by the dominant party in 1845 ; and condemned to death , for bavin ? been one of the leaders of the Corps Francs , and he escaped eventually by breaking a hole through the wall of his dungeon with the connivance , of the guard set over him . When the cheers with which he was received had subsided , the Doctor said he understood the reason of the discontent of the meeting , and moved that the name of the obnoxious individual in question shsuld be expunged from the list of the Council . ( The person in question had been the pnnter ° L the Sta ™ G *» BnE of the Sonderbund party . ) The resolution waa carried with immense cneenng . The Doctor then moved tho following resolutions as the ba 9 is for the policy of the future government , and which , he stated , were conformable with what had recently been done inFriboura : —
1 . That the Jesuits b& ordered to quit the Canton of lucerae within ferty-eight honrs . . 2 . That the members of the Grand Council who haa aSherea to the Sonderbund ( or separate league ) should be anVject to public accusation , and be held responsible for everything which had resulted from this course of policy . ¦; 3 . A general amaeBtj for all who had been implicated in prosecutions by their acts on the &b of December 1844 , and the 31 st of March and 1 st of April , 1845 . ( The dates of the two invasions of the Corps Frdnct against the Sonderbund . ) ' *¦ 4 . That the Frovitional Gorernment take sttps for the recovery of the Government chests , and also of the corn which bad been stnt out of the canton by the late Government before their departure . 5 . That all persons comprised within the terms of Art . 8 should be held inadmissible to election in the Grand Council of State .
The above resolutions were carried by acdama . tio £ , and the meeting peaceably separated . To ^ ay another very interesting scene occurred , a couple ofleaguesfrom the town , at a place called r . 1 ? j . " *? ¦ the bodies of some of the Corpt-francs , killed mjjattle here in the year 1846 , were disinter , red by their surviving friend ? , from the pit into wnifh at the time they had been rudely cast , and buried an » w with the solemnities of the church service .
^ FRANCE . _ A great Reform Banquet has taken place at Lyons . Sixteen hundred persons * ero present , and the proceedings were very enthusiastic . ;_ PORTUGAL . A Presressisla meeting , of between fonr and five thousand persons , took place on the 14 th , m the open air ( a large garden ) , the room originally intended being found too small . The Marquis of Louie presided , andsome noblemen , and the chiefs of the party , attended . The troops were kept under arms . The Dublic peace was not disturbed , owing to the precautions adopted b y the commanders of the municipal guards and national battalions . Things continue in a very unsettled state . ¦
ITALY . The accounts from Italy speak of the diminishing oopnlarity of the Pope—the consequence of his yield ' ing to the counsel of the King of the French con " veyed through M . Ro-si . The Pope ' s speech delivered at the opening of the Roman Council of State , had excited much satisfaction . Advices from Pietra Santa of the 19 th ult ., mention an attempt of the Modenese to surprise the Tuscan outposts : The activity of the troops and of the civic guard was such , however , that they made a precipitateretreat . * ' UNITED STATES AND MEXICO .
By the arrival of the Caledonia , we learn that the Mexican government had superseded Santa Anna in command of the army , and that General Rincon had been appointed to fill the command . Santa Anna protested against this violation of his rights as the first magistrate of the nation , and refused obedience to the orders of the government . In the meantime he had retired to Tehuacan . Atlexco bad been taken possession of by the United States troop 3 . It was stated ; also , that Orizaba bad surrendered . The health of the United States army was far from good :
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'The Cahabiah' is the title of a new work ( just published ) from the pen of M . Michelot , one of the secretaries to the society of Fraternal Democrats , The following notice of this work is from one of the Paris papers : — ' ' M . Michelot one of the most enlightened of the French Democrats / has just published a work entitled'The Canadian . ' This is a romance which will claim the sympathies of our readers , since it is replete with strange incidents and dramatic character , but its chief recommendation to the thinking portion of the community , is that the scenes , the facto , and the whole plot serve to convey some of the loftiest principles of social economy .
M . Michelot desires progress ; he is an enthusiast for the emancipation of the human race ; his book ably reveals the working of the present system , and the necessity for reconstructing society upon a broader basis . In his eyes mankind is but one great family , all the members of which , as brothers , ouuht to enjoy the same rights . To give one man a prerogative above another , is an act of odious , arbitrary despotism ; an anomalous rncrastroaity—in one word—it is the present system—a system founded by the privileged classes to the injury of the muzzled millions . This book ; which combines amusement with instruo tion , is calculated to render important services to } he cause of humanity .
DisotK . —Destitution is increasing every day . Poor famishing creatures are to be eeen gnawing turnips , without waiting to boil them , so craving do they find the pains of hunger . Nothing can exceed the frightful condition of the poor of this district . Without any relief , hundreds of them are at this mo * ment starving in their wretched hovels , cellars , and garrets ; while a much larger number are endeavouring to drag out ; a miserable existence upon no more solid or nourishing food than raw turnips eaten with avidity at the market-place , or mashed up with a little salt in their cabins for the entire ef their family . To add to the h » rr « r 3 of this frightful condition of things the workhouse is over-crowded , and numbers of wretched applicants are every week denied admission .
Djcathsbi Fire . —Two inquests were held on Tuesday , deaths in both cases being the result of fire . The first inquest was held en the body of a spinster lady at Greenwich , Miss Anne Stevenson , aged 73 , who was found burnt to death in the passage of her ownhouBe . It is presumed that the unfortunate lady had a fit , and her clothes having caught fire from the candle she was carrying , death ensued , no servant sleeping in the house . The j ury returned an open verdict . The second inquest was held en the body of Eliiubeth Mary Clement , living in Goldenlane . Her apron caught fire in the grate , and though the flames were promptly extinguished , the injuries she received were such as to cause her death . Verdict , 'AccidentalDeath . '
Melakcholt Suicide . —On Monday , an inquest was taken before Mr Baker , at the City of Paris , Benner ' s . fjelds , Victoria-park , on view of the body of Catherine Kaenchmidt , aged twenty-two , a German , who was seduced and abandoned under the following heartless eircumstarices . It appeared from . the evidence that the deceased , about twelvemonth since , was brought to this country from Germany by a lady , when she entered into the service of the family of Mr Caee , the proprietor of a printing establishment in the City . She remained there about ten months , when it is supposed ahe was induced to leave , her situation by ft gentleman with whom she had formed an unfortunate attachment , who took a lodcriB * for her at No . 7 . BaroBga-terrace . Cambridge *
heaft , where they passed a 3 Mr and Mrs Kendnck . He paid for tho apartment 8 a . Cd . per week , for three we « k 9 , af : er which she saw nothing mote of him .: In the course of the previous week she pawned her wedding ring to support herself and to pay her lodging . On Saturday morning ahe wrote a letter to Mrs Caen , in which she stated that before she roceived that she should be no mote .: She requ ested her to inform her parents that she bad been doing wrong , and been deceived . | and hoped for their pardon . UpoH the receipt of the letter an inquiry was mado , upon which it was discovered that she had drowned herself in an ornamental sheet of water in Victoria , park , and that the bo . 1 y had been taken , totte City of P « h . Verdict— ' Found drowned * *
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WATTSt , *« MONDAY Hovinn 29 . : ' J ^ f lOIiDS .-Their Lordships sat for ; a done ' ' ' n ° basin , » 68 of public importance tfa HOUSE OP COMMONS . -The Speakeb took the ^« L 1 " ** f our ° ' clocU « wn « sev «; al numbers were swerii , ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ' . bn £ . ' h w . *' "' ? P rMen : ed Petitions ' from ObarH « t ntSSaXS ' i * ' ^ " * - praylDS - for ren ? edial ¦ rf t fin ,,. 7 ?» ° mes 8 uK 8 for Ireland , for p . rpetuit , Lord Mobpstb , 5 n reply to Mr Batne ., stated that tho government hoped to beablo to Introduce a measure fprtheimproyeiHent ofthb health of towns on an early dayajtet the ChriBtmas recesS ; and in answer to Dr Bawnoft fis to whether the metropolis would be in
. c udedin suchbill , the noble lord said taat was a queel tion he would rather not answtr st present . ¦ TheCHAHCEttOB of the BxcniQOBB ; in reply to Mr ^^ f ; * ^^^^ * of aavances ° > ade stated that the grant takeH was £ 2 ; 200 , MO ., but that the actual ram expended had only bsen £ 1 , 673 , 080 ., and the SL . S' l \ * ' ^ it | 1 MBard t 0 the oompleti on of Xt' Sm 4 g , lTen ' •**"?•««« to th . poor R 8 « lief Z theiLnf n f ° ' in , tMld «• topoie any further burden on the people of England oa that h , a . but so soon as the sums advanced should b . « paia beshouHbe pnpared to recommend tliat they s . ould bo wSJaoeS for tht tts » & ^ * . *» Z $ R
Lord John TIxssbiu , in answer to Mr Hume stated s ^ r ^ 'aa&ssffarr the whole expenditure of the country ^ MrHcaB then intimated his intentloa of dolnK so himself . t ,
¦ f ? " ^? i lB"AN ? --S { r 6 < 'B « 'noTed . tbatso much of her Majeaty ' h speech as related to Ireland be real , which having beea done ,, the right bon . bart . rose and moved for leava to bring in a bill for the better prc . vention of crimp and oulrnye in certain p » rti of Ireland . After a brief recital of the measures which : Parlwmcat bad taken during tho last session to relieve the distress of Ireland ,, and to . arieit th « progress of famine and distre ' sa in that 8 ountr . « , he stated that h . ' had hoped that those measures , and especially the New Poor Law , would have drawn together tfc « differont classes of Irishmen ' in one
common bondof unity , and wi ' uld bove taught thorn the valus of mutual co-operation in promotiBg the peace , order , and prosperity of their common country . He was not yet prepared to abandon the hope that that expectstion would yet be realised ; for the ease whioh ho had to lay before the houie that evening applied only to a part of Ireland ; and he was happy to state that in the ' greater psrtton tf it crime had ' diminish ed , nnd life and property were a 9 safe win Enslknd . Tnegemral result of tho tabular statistics of crime reeahwd from tbe Irish con . stabulary showed that the amount of crime generally throughout Ireland had decreased nearly oue-third during the year ending Jut October as compared with the year ending the 1 st of January last , although in some parts of tbe country offences had increased in rapid
suecession . For instance , the ni »» b « of offences during tbe year 1846 were 2 , 885 , and up to the « nd of October , 18 i 7 , didnotexceed 1 , 033 . Such a . fact showed that he was bringing In no general bill of indlctmMit sgainst the people of Ireland , and that there was no truth in tho accusation that Irslond was altog » ther a country of assassins . In Borne districts of Ireland , however , a secret conspiracy had been eniered into by lawless individuals against the rlgVtsef property—a conspiracy which had spread such intense terror and dismay within the narrow compass over which , it prevailed that it became a duty incumbent oh the Gi > veramrnt to arrest the hand of the assassin a « d to ' give that security to life aid property , which the loyal had a right to
expect from Its hands ., ., He replied . to the objection , * at in proposing a bill of this aature he was rcsortiig to the vulgar espedUnt of . ooercion , and was leaving the causes of the crimes , which he wished to put down , nneian-. ined ana untouched . He maintained that this bill was only ajustmeasure of prwention , and was necessary to give due streng ' tVuhd effect to the law , and stated that , whilst governmont was calling on the landed proprietors of I- nland to co . opersto with th « Executive , and on the Poor Law guardians to administer and superintend the relief of the poor , those parties had in turn a right to call on the goTemtnant to provide security for their lives during their efforts to carry into , « ff « t tS « commands of the legislature . He then proceeded to lay before the house a statement as to the four classes of
crimes which in the four last months had « e materially increased in certain parts of Ireland . The number of homiolde 8 , which in the six months ending October , 184 C , was sixty-eight , in . ths six months ending Ootober , 1817 , was ninety-fix . The number of attempts on life bj firing at the person , which was in six months ef 1816 , fifty fivs , was in the same months of 1817 , 12 G ; the number of robbwies of arms , which was in six tnontbB of 1816 , 207 , iH the same nx months of 1317 was 539 ; and the number offirfngs of dwellings , whicu in six months of 1816 was fifty-one , was in the same six months of . 1847 , 116 . Evtn this statement gave an Inadequate idea of the Incrtase of those offnees in districts which ware now particularly infested by crime . The total number of offences of tho four clasBfs wUehhe had just msnt ' mned amounted last
month to 195 m the whole of Ireland , but th » counties of Clare , Lim » rlck , and Tipperary furnished 139 of themthe amountsfofifsneeB in those counties being seventyene psr cent , on the whole amount of offWnces in Ireland , and the population bring only thlrtew : per cent , on t ) e whole population of Irelaad . It was principally to those counties that his observations Applied ; but as the ten . dency of crime was to spread , they must lie npplied in some degree also to the Kiug ' s County . Roscommon , and part of Fermanagh . Th » crimes whichjba wiBhtd to repress were not directed against the laadlord class alone , hut against every eh » s and description of landowners . Their ordinary obj « t was the commission of wilful and deliberate assassination , not in dark or d « solnte plnces , but in broad daylight—of . ossassina-ioas , too ,
encouraged by the entira impunity with which it wa » perpetrated j for It was notorious that none but the poll e would lend a hand to arrert tha flight or capture tho person of tbe aBsassin . [ The right lion , baronet then proceeded at great length to read and comment npon an esormous catalogue of murders and outrages , but is nioBt of them have alread y appeared in the papers at the time of the oecurrenee , it is useless to occupy space with them here . ] Ea thin proceeded to describe the powers which the government now possessed , and the manner in which they wer « applied . Ko charge bad yet been brought against the executive government for neglecting the means of detecting aa d repressing crime ; on the
contrary , all parties admitted the vigour and efficiency with which the Lord-LieuUnant of Ireland had adminis . tered , and . w « administering , tho law .. He had ere . ployed the military and police on all occasions in which it was necessary to ovarawe offenders , and to show thfm that they could gain no advantage by persisting in outrage . In all cases whero he wsb not limited by law , the Lord-Lieutenant was determined to use that conjoint force in the maintenance of the law . . In pi oof of this , he reada proclamation recently issued ' by . his lordship , in which he mado known bis intention of increasing the constabulary , of stationing military detachments in th « rural district , and of instituting daily sndnlghly patrol * to prtvent commission of murder in those districts with
impunity . The Lord LUuttnant weuld alto is » uea special commission into tbe dls'urbed dUtricts as soon as the Attorney-General should inform him that there were sufficient persons in custody upon sworn Informs . t 0 HB to warrant such a measure .. He was happy to s » y that he bad net to lay before tbe house any cases in which juries had shrunk from the performance of their duties What mig ht be the case hereafter , he could not say ; but , judging from the past , he believed that ¦ there would be no reluctance . in . witnesses to give evidence , or In jurors to convict upon that evidtnee . He , therefore , did
not ask the house to create any new or extraordinary trlbnnals ; for he was convinced that by the ordinnry law offenders might be brought toprompt trial , cotylction , and punishment , Before Btatijig the provisions cf tlie bill , which he wished the house to sanction , he thoughtit right to obBerve that the Lord-Lieutenant , having actually exercised all thepewcrs of the law confided to him , and Dting determined to cxarcise them in all canes where it could be done for the repression . of crime and the apprehension of offenders , had ropresentrdto her Majesty ' s ministers that he concurred in the resolution of
the magistrates at Henagh , that his powers were insufficient for the protection , of life and property . Her . Majesty ' s Ministers had , therefore , determined to introducu a bill , not applicable , iadeod , to the whole of Ireland , but applicable to all such districts of it as the Lerd Lieutenant , upon his discretion , should proclaim disturbed . The first clause of that bill would give power to the Lerd Lieutenant , with the oonsent of his Privy Council , wherever in his opinion it might bo necessary to repress crime and outnige , to is » ue a proclamation that the powers of this act should be applied to that district . The next clause would authorise th » Lord Lieutenant to proclaim tbe provisions of this act to be necessarj in any county or city , birony or half barony , or in any district of less extent , Another klause would provide that
copies of the proclamation should be posted in the pro . claimed district with an abstract of the provisions of this act . The Lerd Lieutenant would also be empowered to increase the constabulary force of any district to any extent which he might tliink fit put of the reserve force at Dublin , which would be increased from 400 to 600 men The incr < a » fd force tent into a dlsturbid district would be under the same control as the ordinary oonsta . bulary . It would be paid , in the Srst instance ontof the consolidated iund , but , ultimately , out ef the district which it ^ was sent to protect . He next described the police regulations which he intonded to intioddce for the purpose of restraining the us * of firearms by those
who had showa themselves [ unworthy to es » rcis § the privilege which had b « engiv * n th « m to catry them . The first provision npon this point would b « a gentral prohibition within a proolaimtd dlstrlct . from a day m * ntiontd in the proclamation , on all , ptrions , with seme exceptions , io carry or retain / in ! the district sptcifled , elsewhere than in thtir own houses , any firearms ; sad any person carrying arms . after proclamation made would be gailty of m'lsdvmaanor , and would be liable to imprisonment for a term not eMwclng tbi » j yean . The exceptions-for . this disarming wou'dnit be unlvMsalwould include all justices of poaoa ini the district , all perrons iu tto anny , navy , reveaas , wast guard , polhw ,
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or conatabalarj , all special . constables , aud all parties licensed to kill game , or licensed as he shoulil hereafter mention . It had been thought that " there were cases where tlae exceptiens shouM ' be carried furthtr , a » for instance , thi casss of the Poor Law guardians and the poerrate collators , who had ' recently becomo the ¦ objvet J ^ » .. . tnese secret , g pnspirators . The government nad therefore deemed itfright toplaca under th » diseretwn of the Lord Lieutenant ,, dbd not under that of the magistrate , tbe power of granting lisenses to Individuals to carry arms for , heir 0 Wn defence .. Anothtr clause of thebill would give the power to apprehend ' . ail partie . carrying arms agwn . t its provisions / and to ' search all ^^ " ^^ f ca' 8 oftaking
" . ? "J « **» ,. •* , Jl ™ a ay from «>•« i » ca > e they werefoand , and «»? » i \ " " hehadn ^ described them , did not extend to parties retainlBgarmsln thVir own hooiet . S ? . i ^ , ° l Ded t 0 d ' fend private houses agdnst hat the indiionninate possession of arms in private houses within proclaimed districts could not be allowed . He theref . ro proposed to give to tl . e lord Lieutenant power to issue a no . tic * calling upon 41 persons in a pro . claimed district , not included within the enumerated ooeption ' , and not licensed to enrry arms , to deliver thorn up by a day namad in . the notice , at the neatest police station or other place . therein mentioned .- All
persons knowingly retaining arms in their honacs after such a notice would be guilty of a misdemeanour ; and the Lord-Lieuttnnnt , under lis owe warrant oe the warrant of his secretary , might ordor in the dajtimo a senrch for arms , to be made in any house in the dlstrict , and the aeiaure of any arms found thertin , and their forfeiture to the Crown . Such were the provlslons which the Govcrnmsnt ' proposed with respect te arms ; and they were the means by . which the Lord-Lieutenant , with the additional police ferco which this bill would give him . and with the . ffflcknt aid of tile mllitary and police , thought « , at he would beable Ko guard against the recurrence of those crimes which were now flS !^ ? Ciet jiH Irclanrt - After .. describing in dotail certaia minor elawes of toe bill , lie stated that he vorv il ° r »' ^ n ° cIau 8 e wh 5 ch : t *™** Btable , ? f .. w district ; ln . which a murder was com . muted
should ba empowered to calU ^ Le ^ wit of the inarderers ; and further , he proposed , that . Parliament should enact that it should be tho duty of all persons bo culled upon to assist in the pursuit of such offend rs , and that any one refusing to assist siioilld be deemed guilty of a reifclen-eanour , and ba liable to l )» impri 8 Onid with or without hard labour for uny term , not exceeding two years .. Be . hoped that no objection would be made to lay on tfee table this , bill , which was framed rather with a view of prevonting the perpetration of crime than of subjecting a whol e people to a privation of the ordinary privileges of the law . Whatever might he the ( . pinion of the house » * s t > the eflici » noy of the measure which he had just described , he hoped that Pur . llament would unanimousl y agree to this principle , tba . t it . wasitsdutytotako imraodiate measures to prevent the repetition of suoh crimes as those to whose enor .
mity ita attention had been so painfully called . He con . eluded a speech which lasted for mere than two hours and a half , by moving amid loud chetw . for ' leave to Vrlngin his bill . ' - Mr J . O'Connbil had been agreeabl y disappointed by the bill which Sir . G . Grey h&djust brought In , for , frooi the accounts which had been very rife out of doors , he had expected a much sivprer measure .. He would net , however , pledge hlmBelf to tko acceptance of it , but there was in bis opinion no reason for opposing its introduction . When such outrages ware perpetrated in Ire . land , it was a grave step to incur the responsibility , of objecting to such a bill In Its first stage . - Ho heptd that thu Government would give tho Irish members time to sendthebill to their country , and to ob ' . ain the opinion
of their constituents upon it before its second rending . He lamented that Sir G . Grey had not said one word , ob the crimes of the rich whilst he was dwelling at ench length on the crimes of the poor . He held in his hand a long list of the provocations to crime given by the landlords of Ireland ; and he . would bring thorn under the notice of the houiu if the Government &j not introduce atan early period a bill for amending thereto- tion 3 between landlord Bnd tenant , and pass it through Parliament with the some speed as their Coercion Bill . He should give every opposition to this measure in its future stages , unless some progress were made with ; a Landlord and Ttnant Bill , which was tbe only mode of eradicating the causes which led to these agrarian outragea . ' .
Mr O'Connor confessed his utter inabilit y to find words to express his surprise at the ' hunibfe adulation' which the hon . member for Kilkenny had tendered to the government for the measure proposed by the right hon . Home Secretary , words which surrounded him with difficulty . and embarrassment . At ihe outset he might state that there was no . hon . member in that house who had a greater horror of outrage and violence than himself ; and he was proud to say ( and it could not be contradicted )' that in the whole the course of his . life he never committed or sanctioned one criminal act But . it was because , he recognised iu this measure the foundation and basis of more criminality than it was
intended to put down , that he gave his most determined opposition to it in the outset . ( Hear . ) And after the speeches of the hon . member for Kilkenny , in 1833 and 1844 , he was astonished that he should I placs any reliance upon the equivocal promises of [ the right hon . gentlemen opposite on the Treasury j benches . But if he required a stronger reason for j opposing this Bill than upon principle , he had been ! furnished with it by the right hon . baronet who had 1 introduced it , because , from the beginning to the end of his speech , every single sentence , every single announcement with regard to lhe stretching ' of the ordinary law , went to prove that , with the present exertions of the Lord-Lieutenant , all that could be
done was done , and that successfully . ( Hear , hear . ) At the outset of his speech the right hon . baronet told them that crime had diminished by one-third—( hear , hear )—and then he afterwards paid a very bad compliment to the ri ght hon . baronet tfiemeni ' - ber for Tamworth and that house , because he told the house that portions of the outrages to which the Bill referred had been in progress for two or three years previously to the present government coming iuto office . Then he would ask the right hon . baronet opposite ( Sir G . Grey ) , why he had assisted in driving the right hon . baronet the member for . Tamworth from office ? But the ri ght hon . baronet ( Sir G . Grey ) had himself that night admitted
that in cases 111 which the Lord-Lieutcnant had driven the powers of the ordinary law to the utmost , peace was restored to a disturbed district . The ordinary law had been found to be amply effective . He had told us of the effe ' etive support given to the Executive b y the people , by the magistrates , by the Queen ' s Bench , and even by the barristers of-Quarter Sessions , while he was obliged to admit that these appliances had arrested crime since the 18 th of tins month , and yet , in the face of ouch admissions , he came to the house for powers beyond the ordinary law , which , when tried , was found ample . ( Hear , hear . ) He did not disapprove of this bill more than he disapproved of the piinciple of
coercion fer Ireland . The right hon . baronet ( Sir G . Grey ) had said , in appealing to the Irish members , 'Don t let it go forth to this and to foreign countries that you are opposed to our attempting to remedy the present distracted state of Ireland ! ' No , rather let the truth go to this and to foreign countries , that , when the people of Ireland were dying for want of food , the government of England gave them . coercion . He ( Mr O'Connor ) had always found that whenever the ordinary law was executed with vigour , but at the same time with mildness , it was found to be quite sufficient ; but the bill of the ri ght hon . gentleman proposed to legalise outrage and crime in Ireland ; it proposed to establish a brigand police
in every district which the Lord-Lieutenant mi ^ ht proclaim as a disturbed district . In fact , this bill would enable the police to do as they pleased ; but it was evident that this bill was but a sample of old English rule in Ireland . It was a sop for the landlords . It was merely a bit ot patronage for them . He supposed it was a bit of compensation to the landlords- for the repeal of the Corn Laws . That evidently was the intention of her Majesty ' s govern , ment in bringing forward this bill . The hon . member for Kilkenny had said that he was satisfied whh a measure of coercion as long as the government promised remedial measures . But he ( Mr O'Connor ) could not promise the government his support ot
this measure on such slight gvovmus . He was for no such temporising policy . He never found that such temporising policy resulted in any good . He was not prepared to enter into the discussion of the bill at present . He intended reserving himself for another opportunity , quoting the hi gh authorit y of several constitutional wriUrs , all of whom united in condemning coercion , and none more strongly than the noble lord opposite ( Lord John Russell ) He should be prepared to show from the noble lord ' s own work upon the government and constitution of England , that the effect of coercion failed in its « k .
S A " p C ° w try " MchU was established . He ( MrO Connor ) had done as much as any man in this country towards the suppression of crime in Ireland , in 1822 , a quarter of a century ago , the county Of Cork was much more disturbed than Tipperary is now , and a special commission had the effect of arresting crime . In that year the peop le resisted tithes , and boldly . met the military in open battle , and , in the following-year , the rig ht hon . member for the University of Cambridge , gave us : the Tithe 'Composition Act '—the effect of which was to bring the grass land of large Protestant proprietors , theretofore exemp t from tithe , to bear their share of
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¦ thejiuiden . Previous to that measure , the Protcsant landlord who held three thousand or four housand ^ cres of land could offer up his untaxed prajers at the expence of the poor Catholic widow , J ? ht ? 1 Vat ? v iali ; aure of l ) ota ' ° g » UDd « K ! u other de of h . 3 bounds , with manSre scratched from the road . 8 id e- ( hear , hear ) -their Catholip out aw supported the parson of the Protestant landlord . : lnjhat year he ( Mr O'Connor ) , in conjunction : with thirteen venerable Catholic clem-men succeeded by their exertions by night and !> ' v day in restoring tranquillity , and such wa 3 the effect of those exertions , that the peasantry brought their arms to his ( Mr O'Connor ' s ) brother ' s home , and piled them up in the servants ' hall . . Well , ' tho judge who presided over that special commission ( Judge Moprei laid it down in law , that t !; e fact of
running away ; from the king ' s troops was prima facie proof ' of ^ uitt , and that good character waa an aggravation , rather than a palliation of an offence , upon the grounds ; that a man with a good character would be >'' the most likely to become an adherent-a strong ; inducement however to possess " a bad character . ( Hear , hear . ) Well , the outcry against . tithes still . . continued to . 1836 , and how did the Whigs meet the complaint ? Why , they robbed the church of . twenty-five per cent , of its income as a sop to the landlords , hut made no compensation to the occm > yu . ] g tenants ; they did this because they then BtftM" in need of Irish landlords' support . ( Hear , hear . ) Then they heard an outcry in favour of the landlords , and the right hon . baronet ( Sir G Grey ) said that there was an " expression of his ( Mr O'Connor ) yrluch struck him with horror and with
awe , viz ., that the idlers should be taken off the land . In the observations which . he addressed Io the house a few ni ght ago , he ( Mr O'Connor ) certainly did talk . of taking the idlers off the land , but he did not mean the landlords , for no man had ever aaidso much' in defence of the Irish and English landlords as . h . e had throughout the wholo of his voli-. tical cat-eer . What-he did say was , ' Take off the taxes } take off the poor laws ; take off everything hat weighs heavily and needlessly on the land ; takeoff the idlers , that ' was to say , give employment to the unemployed . " The right hon . baronet , the member for Kipon , then Home Secretary , attempted to over-ride the ordinary law iu England , b y making policemen judges ,, magistrates , jurors , anil
executioners-for three years all persecuted the people , until at length that ri ght hon . gentleman attempted to substitute police force for the ordinary law , and the consequence was , a continuous opposition to this brute force , until the government sent a ml judge , a jusi-judge , . a ' judge who restored respect for the ordinary law , to .. try ,-him ' ( Mr O'Connor ) and fifty-eight-others at Lancaster ; and the amiable and accomplished . Chief Baron being < Attorney-General , the people received the just exposition of the law from that cosstitutional judge , and from that hour to this there has not been one prosecution for a political offence , and thus we triumphed over the police law , and the law ' s savage vengeance . He would ask the government rather to try what a mild enforcement of the ordinarv law would do than
coercion . ( Hear , bear . ) He would ask honourable gentlemen opposite with what face they could support such a measure as that proposed ny the right " hon . baronet , when it-was confessed that theordinarylav ? had not been efficiently tried ? He himself believed that there were ample means in the hands of the government to restore perfect tranquillity in Ireland . K was futile for the present or any future government ' - , to attempt to restore peace to Ireland during the present state of the law of landlord and tenant . If , the right hon . baronet wished to give peace and prosperity to Ireland , hf must bring forward not a Coercion Bill , but a bill to remedy the social condition of Ireland . As it was the intention
of hon . members who put themselves forward as leaders of the Irish people to delay their decision until they discovered what effect the news of more bludgeons ahd dragoons would have in Ireland , he would reseiye what he had to say . He recommended the exercise of the ordinary laws , although it had been strained against himself . Those who took a leading parUn agitation ought , as they sought for the lion ' s sliare of the glory , to be pre ' pared to endure a lion ' s share of punishment . He regretted to see the part taken b y those Irish members . He was an Irishman himself , although representing an English town , and so far from acquiescing in the provisions of the bill , he gave notice that evenif
he should stand alone , lie would divide tbe house upon every single occasion on which he could do so . He was content to go into the lobby alone , and let tbe Irish members go along wills the ministers if they pleased . The old principle upon which the government of Ireland was based was a wrong one . Ireland was an agricultural country , yet it was in effect governed by a majority of English manufacturers , and by a timid tod y of Irish landlords . If English and Irish landlords did not unite and ' place the property of Ireland on a better footing , both would rue their negligence—he said both , for the English landlord would be stabbed through the side of the Irish landlord . The fact was , Ireland was
looked upon m no other li ght by the ministry thaa as regarded the amount of political support or opposition-she could , give to them , and in ' this selfsame point of view she had been regarded by several successive administrations . The government of this country did not care a jot for the Irish people nor for the Irish landlords . The fact was this;—Irish landlords managed their estates more according to the science of political patronage than according to the science of agriculture , ( hear , hear , ) and he ( Mr O'Connor ) was not at all astonished to hear the cheers of those gentlemen
. when the right hon . the Home Secretary made the gladdening announ- wr . ent , thaUhe expense of coercion was to fall upon the unfortunate tenants and not upon the guilty landlord . Why , the fact was , that . government really thought that Irish property had the elasticity of India rubber , and could be stretched to meet governmental commission and landlord cupidity ; for did they not know that if the teiisnt was unjustly pressed , the landlord must suffer ? ( Hear , hear . ) But yet they cheered this contemplated blow at their own tenants . He must again express his regret that the hon . member for
Kilkenny ( Mr J . O'Connell ) had not taken a more bold , manly , and decisive course—that he had not resisted the bill at the onset . He ( Mr O'Connor ) , as an Irishman , had more pride than quietly to sit by and see bis country crushed . He would go with satisfaction into the lobby alone , because he felt that he was maintaining a just principle , and by his vote marking , in the most energetic and " practical way he could do , his dislike of that coercive policy which had hepii the ruin of Ireland . But the hon . member for Kilkenny would pause till he learnt
the effect produced by the measure in Ireland , while as the leader of the Irish party , l , e tendered his I , h « m * dnlaiion to the Ministry for the measure . He ( Mr O Connor ) could not ; if every man in Ireland was in fa \ ourof it , he would oppose it . The hon member for Kilkenny said he was satisfied that the bill should go to-Ireland ; but it had gone far enough for him ( Mr O'Connor ) . He had never been for it ; he was not : for a temporising policy and he would tell the ' governmeut that the most insidious and dangerous " support thuv could
recteve was support of this kind ; whilst his ( Mr O'Connor ' *) opposition was avowed and determined . He was prepared to show from several great constitutional write ] s the effect of coercion and especially from the work of the noble lord ouno ' site on the constitution and feoverament of England The node lord and his government had applied for coercion after coercion , wilh lhe promise Of UNpounding remedial measures ; they bad had coercion the siknee and desolation of the grave ; but not one S ? nT asur ! liad , they ever w « d <<» S ouse ihe system of the government from first to
last had been to create patronage , and to arrest the progress of public opinion as far as thev possibly S . 1 «? i ° T ' n 0 W a ^ t 0 t ^ ' good and true of the Irish party who loved their country better . than patronage , and he would a > k them to abandon their equivocal position as the flag company of the enemy ' s forces—( cheers and laughter)—to cross ihe house , and like freemen and Irishmen to take their place in front of tlieir country ' s enemies . ( Hear , hear . ) If he stood alone , he would proudly walk alone'into the lobby against this new attempt to coerce and debase his country .
Mr IIoiisma * »» i < l « " would nut undertake to give tho measure hi » * ui >|> ort simply us a coercivo measure , because crime ami outrage nnd coeicion n « e familiar : erni 8 ; neithor i-ouid he support it only becau » e it was a inlldiirinoflSDiv . Ilia dut ) as a jncmbsr of Pa » liamcnt w » s to eousWw vilttihvr tho measure wa » suitable and i-ffeetmil for Its putpoao . The question bo u « Ji » d bun * s . U wn » this—was ibe bill founded upon right pr : ncU plus t or , was It upon the old mintakeu Bjstfm—a mere Isolated expedient to nuet a temporary enur-uiey , ano . : faor item in tliat serU » of makeshifts by which th * past legislation of Ireland had teen dh gractid ? Was H founded apon tho principle that Irish lesislaMon BhouM proceed—that each single act should bo part and parcel » f some large end L'omprthtnsive scheme of policy , eaeh member of which united with and supported the other > and each and all liming the same tint uad otj-ot , the iraDquMlty and improvement of Ireland ! ( Bear lew \
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Untitled Article
December 41847 ' £ ffE northern star
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 4, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1447/page/7/
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