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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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INDIA . By thearmal of the Overland Mail from India , Tv 6 learn sereral iailurea bare taken place , and the eommerci&lnewa is generally gloomy . In Goomsoor tie insurgents were Increasing , anda faros of three native regiments was about to march against them , but the difficulties ef the country render saeeess very
donbtful-FRANCE . ¦ ., M . Sanzst has been re-elected to the presidency of the Chambers , and all the ministerial candidates to the secondary offices . The business of the Chamber of Deputies commenced on Monday . The bills for the reform of the postage system and the reduction of the duty on salt were brought in . The Reform Banquets are going on . The gorernnient haB dismissed Professor Berard , dean of the faculty of medicine , for having written ^ letter to the conductors of a Reform Banquet , approving of the movement . , . , Tr , The Princess Adelaide d'Orleans , sister of King Louis-Philippe . died at the Tnilleries on Friday morning , she was born on the 23 rd of August , 1777 , and was therefore in her seventy-first year . SITSREKDER OF ABB-EL
KADERAbd-el-Kadw has surrendered to the Duke of An . raale , on condition that he shsnld be sent to Alex , sndria or St Jean d'Acre . It appears , however from an extract of a French correspondence published under the directions of the government , that there h some doubt if the Cabinet will ratify this condition , sotbat it is possible tfaat , _ in spite of this conditioa , AW-el-Kader may be retained a prisoner in France . It appeara that Abd-el-Kader , having surrendered en the 21 st , was shipped eff from Oran for Toulon on the 24 tb , on board the Asmodee steamer , alongwith ninety-two persons who form his suite . ThejUlustrious Emir wag overpowered—not beaten . His last xras perhaps , the mtrat brilliant of all his achievements . With a handful of faithful and devoied adherents , he in the night of the 11 th and 12 th nlt . attscked the Moorish camps and routed the immense numbers
army they contained , but , overpowered by , scd " hemmed in on all sides by heurly increasing sassses of Moors , he was gradually pushed back on the frontier of Algeria . The weather had been frightful , which impeded military eperations . On tLe 2 l 3 t of December the fords of the Moulonia became practicable , and the baggage and the families of h ? 3 brave companions proceeded towards the plain of Trifia , the resolve of Abd-el-Kader having been to see them in safety in the French territory , and then cut his way through the Moora with such of his adherents as should dare to follow him . ' He threw himself into the country of the Beni-Snassur , ' says the Duke d'Aumale , ' and sought to again take = the road to the south , which the Emperor of Moroccohad left free ; but , surrounded on that side by onr cavalry , he trusted to the generosity of France aud surrendered , on condition of being Bent to St Jean d'Acre or Alexandria '
SPAIN . There have been certain changes in the existisg Cabinet , which is supposed to be on its last legs . The Mobsixg Posi broadly insinuates that Queen Isabella is suffering from the effects of slow poison ; and again that she is about to abdicate . It is more than hinted that a certain old geptleman at the Tuillieries i 3 responsible , both for the Queen ' s illhealth and her contemplated abdication .
SWITZERLAND . The activity of the agents of Austria in exciting the Catholics of the Grigons and Tessin to renew the struggle i 3 so glaring , that it is plainly exposing Switzerland to another civil war to disband the annv while these machinations are continued . —
- ITALY The account 3 which we rece ' ire from Rome leave no doubt of the fact of the Pontifical government having assumed a system of government very different fr om that proclaimed by his Holiness on hisae-On the 23 rd December , at eight o'clock in the moraine , the Austrians Yacated all the posts in the city of Ferrara , and withdrew into the citadel and the " barracks of St Domenico and St Benedetto . Some of the Italian papers state that the evacuation of the city of Ferrara by the Au 3 trians was complied with on condition that the Pope should put a stop to the Liberal movement in hi 3 dominions . Austrian troops have taken possession of the dachie 3 of Parma and Modena . Large masses of Austrian troops are advancing to the Italian frontier . to
The Kin ^ of Sardinia has written his Holiness the Pope , desiring him to recall the Jesuits from his states . Letters froa Naples , " of the 23 rd ult ., state that the general in command of the Swis 3 troops ia the service of the King of Naples has written to his Majesty , statiDg that he and the troops ender his command are ready and willing to keep faithful to the oath which they took on entering the service , to spill their blood , or lay down their lires in defence of his Majesty against foreign enemies , but that they will not fight on his side against hiB own subiects . GREECE AND TURKEY . The difference between the governments of these countries has been adjusted . UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . The President's Message will be found in another column . General Taylor broke up his encampment at _ Walnut Springs , near Monterey , on the morning of the 3 th of November , and with his staff , and General Wool and staff , returned homeward . On the 17 th of November there arrived at Vera Cruz from the city of Mexico ( under charge of General Harney ) a train of 600 waggons , with a quantity of specie , and 1 . 500 men , sick and wounded ; amongst the latter "was General Shields , who had distinguished himselt so much ia the late battles near Mexico .
The road from Mexico presents a rao 3 fc complete scene ef waste and desolation . At the approach of an enemy the inhabitants of the small villages abandon their houses and run to conceal themselves in the woods . Nearly all the churches have been turned into hospitals or stables for the troops , and the bells of all the churches at Guanajuata have been pulled down for the purpose of easting pieces of artillery .
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TOTAL LOSS OF HER MAJESTY'S STEAMER AVENGER . The Pacha , which took out the Indian mail in stead of the Erin , has returned from Malta . She brings news of the total I 053 of her Majesty's steam frfeate Avenger on the Cerilla rocks , on the 20 th of December . Three officer ? , a surgeon , and five of the crew only are saved . The Avenger is a steamsr of the first class , of 1 , 444 tons and 650 horse-power . She TO 3 built by Sir r 7 . Sjmons at Devonporfc m
1845 , and was put into commission for the Mediterranean station on the S 0 : h of last November . We subjoin a list of her officers : Captain C . B . Napier ( son of the admiral ); Lieutenants Hugh ' . M . Kinsman Frederick Marryat ( son of Captain Marryat ) , Francis Rooke ; Master , William Archer : Second Lieutenant of Marine Artillery II . S . Bayne 3 ; Surgeon James H . Sfceele ; Paymaster and Purser Ta . lentine A . Haile ; Assistant Surgeoa Bernard Delany ; Second Master William Betts ; Clerk Hearv J . S . Walker . . _ . .
Fcethsr Pabticelabs . —The Pacha , Captain Olive , has just arrived . She left Southampton , on the 9 th , with the Indian mall in lieu of the Erin , which received damage during the late dreadful gale , and wa 3 obliged to return . The Pacha reached Gibraltar on the 17 th December , and left again the same evenln * for Maifca . H . M . ' s steam frigate Av « = er left ' Gibraltar five hoars before her . On the 20 th , the Avenger was seen from the masthead 9 f the Pacha . This was at 2 p . m . The Pacha arrived at Malta on the 22 nd , and left on the 24 th for ingland . On the evening of the 23 th . she was signalled by a French man-of-war named the Lavoisier , and Captain Olive was informed by the French captain ot t&e
that the Avenge * was wracked on the evening ; 20 th , on some sanken rocks known a 3 the Unlla Rocks , about thirteen miles from the Island ot Galets , and which must have happened withm a few hours after she had bsen seen from the mast fcead of the Pacha . The Pacha immediately accompanied the French man-of-war to the scene of tne week , and picked np portions of it , which she now has on bard It appears all on board the Avenger perished , except three officers , the surgeon , and nve of the crew , wh » escaped in a boat to Tunis , it was at Tuni 3 that the French man-of-war heard ot the ¦ RTeck . fand from whence she immediatel y went out to Wader assistance , and while attempting it mefc * i ' . a thePachi .
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More announcements of deaths ( paid for ) have appeared in the obituary of the Times during the last few days , than for many years past . EnEMivs ' CoKixAGKATMKs . —A number of off el-Jfflg-housesand a large Independent chapel save been barned to the ground near Axminster . Lsrd Clarendon ' s agricultural lecturers have been generall y received with favour in the districts of Irewad to which they have been sent . . Geseral EspaBTERO , Duke de la Victoria , left kiniop , on TLunday , December 30 tb , on his return to Spain . The Papal government has constituted the Diario * -& > ina itsofficial journal , which will be conducted b editors appointed by the Becretaryef state It 13 stated to bare become much more difficult to Obtain recruits fer tie army since the standard 01 "eight h * s been raised half an inch .
. Thepapers from the United States , by the Bntann'& , announce the death , at the age ef 85 , of Chancellor Kent , the celebrated American jurist . The Doxciskr CnBouicLE says tbat an excavator , forking ia the neighbourhood of Sheffield , has ""•¦ feen wiTes now livingi » o various parU of the ftHffitry . The influenza is now extremely prevalent is Algeria Rad oa Uk northern wast of Africa .
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PRANCE . S 3 K ' SATISFIED KAJOMTT— QDIZOt ' s 8 CHKHE O » ' BS-1 OBK '— COSE * NOTIONS OP H . OABN 1 SR PAQEB—DEH 0 CB 1 TIC BAKQCtl AT CH 4 L 0 N—SPIEOH OF H . IB . DBU-SOIilK—A DEHOCEATIC COHOBESS—SPEECH O ? II . FLOC . 0 H—THE ' BEFOBHS' AND THB ' NATIONAL . ' ( From our Part * Correspondent ) The French Chamber * are now open , and we shall Tery ioob hava the pleasura of seeing what effect the Reform agitation bas bad npsn tho 225 ' satisfied ' mem . bars of the majority . "We Bhali tee whether they will be satisfied , too , with the manner in which Guieot has exposed France in tha Swiss question to the ridicule of all Europe . Wby , this fat , corrupting and corrupted , ¦ teck-jobbing , swindling , bloodsucking ^ and cowardly majority , are the very men to swallow down even thatto say 'amea'totha tricls which Palmeraton , in return for the Spanish marriages , played on his worthy colleague Guizot—to declare that never was France so great , « o glorious , so respected , so ' satisfied — as at this very moment .
Amd it is at tai » very momont that all the papers of Paris , frem the Debats to the Rkfoshi , discuss , as openly sg can fee- done under the circumstances , the eventuality consequent upoa the death of Louis-Philipps . The Debate , atrsii of seeing the nnjority iplit itself up . warns them erery day ihi . 1 this inevitable event , when , ever it ttkei place , will be the dgnal for the general rendezvous of all political parties ; that * republican , ism , ' commnnism , ' ' anarchism , ' terrorism , ' ai » d so forth , will then break from their subterraneous ^ ca . vern » to spread desolation , horror , and destruction ; tbat Franca will fce lost—liberty , safety , property will be
tost , anless the friends of or&sr ( M . Gu « Otand Co . . of course ) keep them down with a strong hand ; tbat this perilous moment maj occur any day ; and that , if M . Guliot is not sappnrted ia office , all will to lost . The other papers , the Pbbsse , the CohbtitutioSnii ., the Siecib , on the contrary , say that quite the reverse will taka p ! ao * , that all ths horrors of a Woody revolution wilt OTerran tbe country , unless that abominable cor . rupfor , Guizot , ehall , at tha moment of the king ' s death , haTe been replaced by their respective political heroes , by M . de ^ Girardin , M . Thiers . or M . O . Barrot . The Radical papers discuss the question from another point of view , as we shall tee by aud by .
Thus , eren the Debats agrees indirectly that esH * : fied' Francs only awaits the proper moment for proving her dissatisfaction , in a manner rrbich the frightened bourgeois imagination of tbe Debats depict ! most lndi . aroutly to its tsrfifisd reason . This , however , does not Blatter to ths ' satisfied' twa hundred and ttrenty . five . They have a logic of their own . If the people are satisfied , then there is no reason for a change of system , If they are dUsatiified , why , then , their very dissatisfaction ig a reason , to stick ' more to the system ; for if only one Inch waa abandoned , there would be a sudden eruption of all the horrors of revolution . Do whatever you like , these bourgeois will always draw the conclusion from it that they are the beet ralers of the country .
Nevertheless , Gnizot will give a small bit of reform . Henm . add . t& th « electoral list tho c » pacU ! e » , ' that is , all persons possessing a university itgrea , lawyers , deetors , and other such humbugs . A glorious reform , indeed ! Bat this will suffice to disarm the' Progressive Conserratives , 'or , as they call themielres now—for , in want of something else to do , they change names every quarter—the Conservative opposition . And it will bo a ready stroke for M , Tbiere , who , while sending his second , H . Duver . ' itr de Hauranne . on 8 Reform ban ' , qaetting errand , slily prepared bis reform-plan , with irhich he was to surprise tho Chambers , and which was equally the same as the ons now to bs proposed by bis rival , Gaizot ,
There will be a deal of cryiag , shooting , and noisemaking generally in the Chambers ; but I hardly think IT . Gatzet has anything serious to apprehend from bis faithful two hundred and twenty-fire . So much for the official world . In the meantime the Reform banquets and the polemic between the Natiohal and the RefotiME have continued , Tbe allied oppositions , that is the left centra ( M . Thiers's party ); the left ( M . Odillon Barrot ' s part ;) , and tha ' sensible Radicals ' ( tbe IfiTisNiL ) , had the banquets of Csstres , Montpellitr , Neubonrg , and others ; the ultra . Demore-atg ( tho REroBUs ) , had the banqaet of Cla ! on . The chi-f speaker of the banquets of Hoatpellier and Keubonrg was If . Gamier-Pages , brother of . the well-known demo , crat of that name , deceased a few years sgo . But M .
Garnier-Pages , the younger , is far from being like his brother ; fee totally lacks that eaergy , that courage and never compromising spirit which secured so prominent a position to the deceased leader of French Democracy . At Neubourg , M . Qarnier-FageB , th » younger , same out with assertions proving him to be entirely ignorant of the actnal state of society , and consequently of the means of improving it . While all modern democracy it based upon ths great fact , tbat modern society is irreparably divided into two classes—the hourgeoltie , possessors of all means of productien and all produce , and the proletarians , or possessors of nothing but their labour to live upon ; that the latter class is socially and politically oppressed by the former ; irhils tbe acknowledged tenderiey of modern Democrats in all countries is
to make political power pass from the middle classes to ths working classes , these latter constituting ths immense majority ef the people—in the face of all these fact « , H . Gamier boldly asserts that the division of the people into middle classes and working classes does in reality not exist , that it is a mischieTcu * invention of M . Gnizot ' s got up to divide the people ; that in spite of Gaizoi he recognise ! that all Frenchmen are tqu&l—that they all participate of the same life , and that he recognises in France none but French citizens \ According to II . Gamier-Pages , then , the monopolising of all instru . ments of prodnctions in the hands of the bourgeoisie , which abandons the proletarians to the tender mercies of the economical law ef wages , reducing the sbars of the workin ? men to the lowest level of food , is an invention of M . Gnizot ' a too ! According to him , the whole of that desperate straggle now going on ia all civi-Used countries of the world , between Labour and Capital , a strangle the different phases of which are marked by
coalitions , trades onions , murders , riots , and bloody iniurrections—a straggle whose reality is testified bj the death of the proletarians shot at Lyons , at Preston , at Langenbielan , at Prague , this struggle has been carried on npon no better groands than a lying assertion of a French professor ! What else do the words ef M . Garnier-Pages mean bat this ? ¦ Let tfee capitalists continue to monopolise all powers of production—let the working men continue to live upon the merest pittance , but give him , as a compensation for his suffering , the title of a citizen ! ' Ay , H . Pages would under certain circnmstances , and with certain restrictions , perhaps , consent to give the people the Buffraje ; but let them never tbinfe of profiting by the gift by passing measures which would essentially alter the actual mode of production and dis . tribation of wealth—which would , in course of time , give to the entire people the command of the productive powers of the conntry , and do away with all individual ' employers ! ' The Refobkb was perfectly right in stjlin ? this honourable gentleman a louraeois radical .
Tha Ultra Democrats had , as I said before , only one banquet , but it was a bumper , and worth a dozen of the coalition party . More than two thousand citizens sat down to dinner at Cba ' . on . sur-Saone . The National had been iuritea , bat very significantly ha not come . The men of the Refobhe , accordingl y , had it all their own way . M . Ledru-Rollin , who had been designated by the National as the chief of the ultra-democratic party , here accepted this position . Ho explained his position and the position of Mb party , by relating in a brilliant abstract , the di £ ferent phases of French democracy pince 1739 , He then justified himself against the attacks of th « N 4 TIOKAL , attacked that paper ia turn , and proposed a jary of democrats to be nominated from all parts of France—one-half by either pirty—to decide bctnreen the Rifobhe and the National . And uow ( he said ) , after
having settled this home affair , would it sot be a good thing if the French democracy estere ? . into relation with the other democracies ? There is at this moment a great movement going on in Europe amongst all tho disinherited , who suffer by heart or by hanger . This is the moment to console them , to strengthen them , and to enter into communion with them . Let us , then , hold a congress of Democrats of all cations , now , when tbe congress of kings has failed ! There is fine republic in Europe , which just now has secured in its own territery tbe ascendancy of democracy— tfeere is Switzerland , a country worthy of seeing the Democrats of all nations upon its free soil ! And thus , citizens , let me conclude , by coupling to my toast ; ' To the Unity of tbe French Revolution / that other one , ' The Union of all Democracies . '
This speech excited lend applause , and it merited it . We heartily rejoice in M . Ledm-Beilin ' s oratorial success at Clialon , bat at the same time , most protest against an unguarded expression , which , we are fare , bas been said without intention to hurt , M . Ledru-Kollin says , that the moment has arrived for French Democrats to console and to strengthen the suffering working men of other nations . The Democrats 6 f mo country , we are sure , want consul atioa from whomsoever it be . They admire the revolutionary pride of French Democrats , DUt they take for tflensselves tbe right to be quite as proud and independent . The four millions of Engttsb
Chartists certainly are strong enough to do their own work for themselves . Glad as we are to see the French democracy take up with enthusiasm tbe idea of a Democratic Congress , and an alliance of all democracies , we erpact , before all things , a perfect reciprocity ana equality Aay alliance , which should not wcognisB this equality as ita foundation , would itself be anti . demoeratic . We know however , too well tke profoundly democratic s-ntiments of the men of the Refobhe to doubt of their perfectly agreeing with us ; we only wish them to drop , for'he interestof our common cause , certain expressions , which far from expreaiing th eir real sentiments , are an inheritance : from the time when the ft axiom * alene
represented the French Democracy . At tfee same banquet , M . Flocon spoke to the toast :-• The Rights of Man aud of the Citizen . ' He read th * delation ofrighu of the National Convention , whij ne declared to be , up to this day , the faubful •*»»« «« true Democratic principles . To tb ! t , what be eailed th , true French principle , he opposed the present system 01 moneyocraey , which places man upon a lower level tnar . even cattle / because man is over abuBdant , and costs mort than ha gives in nature when his labour is ns >* required . This system , from the country in which ii first » r 0 ? e ' he eallBd the English systflin , gg . tio , no « i < s w *»' the Euglish principle k Introdueed into He fatBerlaDdothe revolution , the English people tbjaiselve& strive to throw its yoke off their shoalders , aedl isolte ? pon iota
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banners the glorious motto : Liberty , Equality , Frt , " ternity ! ' Thus , by one of those painful turns , of which history offers iaor « than ene example , the very nation which first gave truth to the world , fallen back into darkuess and if no . dnce , would soon be obliged to ask from its neighbours the revolutionary traditions which itself could net conserve . Shall it ever come thus far with us ? No , never , as long as there are Democrats like you , and meetings like this ! No , we nevtr will prop up the worm-eaten frame of those English institutleas , which the English themselves will no longer support ! ( Ko no !) Well then , to vour tents , O Israel ! Brary
one of you rally round his standard ! Every ene for his faith ! Here , on our side , Democracy with her twenty , five millions of proletarians to free , whom shs greets with the names of citizens , brothers , equal and free men ; there the ' dastard-opposition , with her monopolies and aristocracy of capital 1 They ipeah of reducing the qualification by one half ; we , we proclaim the rights of man and of the citizen ! ( Loud and long-continued applause , which ended by the whole meeting singing the Chant du Depart . ) Wo regret not to have room for giving more of the speeches delivered at this splendid and thoroughly Democratic banquet .
At last , the Repoeme has forced the National to enter into a polemk . The former journal , in declaring its adhesion to the principle announced by M . Garniar-Pages , at the Montpelller banquet , la a speech on the French revolution , at tho same tima disputed tho right of men , like M . Gamier , who had sacrificed the interests of Democracy to M . 0-lillon Barrot and the middle . clags opposition , to ac t as the representatives of the principles of the Revolutio n . This , at laBt , brought out a reply from the Natiokil . whicl 1 ladru-Rollin in his turn was attacked . The p « nC'Pal points of accusation against theNATWSM , " were 1 lst Its 9 Upport of tho bastiles around Paris , by which the inheritance of the revolution was placed under the contto 1 of twelve hundred pieces of cannon . 2 nd . Its silenco last year , upon a pamphlet of M . Cwnot , in whic h he engaged the De . mocrats to join the Left Centre and the Left , to g ? t them into office as soon as possible , to drop fcr tbe moment the Republican principle , and to agitate for an extension
of the Suffrage within the limits of tbe Charter . M . Garnisr Pages , the yonnger , had about tbe sanm time an . nounced similar principles ; the pamphlet declared itself to be the expression ef tbe opinion not of an individual , but of a party in the Chamber . The Refobhe attacked both If . Garnier ' s speech and M . Cariiot's , ( son of tbe celebrated member of the Convention and Republican minister of war , ) pamphlet , and tried to provoke the National to a declaration . But the National remained silent . Tha Repobmi rightly declared tbat the policy proposed by both deputies would tend to nothing but to place the Democratic party wholly under tbe control of M . M , Thiers and Barrot , and break it up en . tirely as a distinct party , 3 rd . The National following up in practice duricg the Reform banquet agitation , the policy proposed by M . Carnot . 4 th . Its virulent and calumniating attacks upon the Communists , while pro * posing at the same time no practicable or effective re . medy fi r the miseFy of tbe working people .
The dispute has been going on for a week at least . At last the National retired from tbe contest , after having conducted it ia a very improper manner . It has been " regularly beaten : but , in order to mask its de . feat , it finally accepted M . Ledru ' s proposal of a Democratic jury . We can only declare our full adhesion to the part the BEFOBXEbas taken inthis » ff-ir . Ithas saved tbe honour , independence , and the strength of French Democracy as a distinct party . It has maintained the principles ef the Revolution , which were endangered by the course
pursued by the National . It bas asserted the rights of the working classes in opposition to middle-class encroachments . It bas unmasked these bourgeois radicals—who would make the people believe tbat no class oppression exists—who will not see the frightful civil war of class against class in modern society , —and who have nothing but vain words for the working people . The Refobhe by keeping up this contest , until it has succeeded in forcing its haughty rival to break silence , to wave , to retract , to explain , and at last to withdraw , —the RBFOBME . we say , haB well merited of Democracy .
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DEMOCRACY AND THE RIGHTS OF LABOUR . PUBLIC MEETINa IN EDINBURGH . A public meeting of the working-classes of Edinburgh was held in Adam Square Hall , on the evening of Wednesday week , for the purpose of adopting energetic measures to bring out tbe Weiklt Express newspaper , on tbe broad basis of genuine democracy . Mr James Cdhminq was called to the chair , Mr John Grant then ros ? and addressed the mettlvg . He called attention to the notice in the Express of last Saturday , announcing tbe intention of the proprietors to discontinue the publication of that js-arnal , and stated that a number ef the moBt influential democrats of Edinburgh had entered into arrangements with Messrs Hartbill to produce the paper on their own account , stard ' off it at once on the principles embodied in the People ' s
Charter . He stated , likewise , that the reading-room , in 279 , Hinh-street , had been secured , where the Express would in fnture be published , and would afford facilities forBupplying tbe public with every paper of the day . Tbe responsibilities of the parties being extremely heavy , Mr Grant impressed npon the meeting tbe necessity of every effort being made to secure a wide and extensive circulation for an organ tbat would truly represent tbe wants and wishes not only of the working population of Edinburgh , but of every part of the United Kingdom . Tbe new proprietors of the Expbess were fortunate in securing- the services cf a well-known , talented , vcdablo advocate of the rights of the people , and had every prospect of making a bold and firm stand in defence of genuine democratic principles , The speaker concluded amidst great applause .
Mr Alex . Gbawx then very briefly addressed the meetlog , af er which Dr Amx , Huniw , F . U . C . S . E ,, came forward , and was received with the most enthusiastic applause . The honoured gentleman entered boldly and eloquently into the question of the rights of labour . He considered the working classes as the true and genuine base of the social fabric , and . the aristocracy as merely tbe apex . The apex could not exist without the base , and hence , according to ' first principles , ' tae working and toiline
millions were the only real wealth and genuine support of a natioa's prosperity and happiness . The Weekly Expbees was brought forward to enunciate and enforce this doctrine It was to be , in truth , the child of the Nohthebh Stab , the only journal , in fact , that truly and properly reflected the perfect embodiment of genuine democratic principles . The docter then enlarged upon ' the grievances of Ireland , and contended for repeal of the union as a ma ) tir of Tight and justice , and concluded a brilliant and eloquent address of an hour ' s duration amidst loud and prolonged cheering .
Mr John Cockbdbk said tbat the spirited efforts of the gentlemen who had come forward in support of the Exfbess deserved the highest encomiums , and begged to move that the thanks of the meeting be recorded to them for their spirited and praiseworthy undertaking . Mr Cdthbebtson , bBker , seconded the motion . All parties bad their particular organs and exponents . The High Church party were represented ; the Free Kirk bod their organ ; and the Excise traders hadmnde a bold and successful effort to be heard . But the most important portion of the comninnitj— the labouring classeB—were completely unrepresented and misrepresented . They were entirely at the mercy of every journal whetbertheir
voice should be heard or not ; and until the Expbess was started , there was no channel through which the sentiments ofthe working classes could be conveyed to the public , With regard to the cause of the journeymen bakers of Edinburgh , ho gratefully acknowledged tbe in . calculable service which bad been rendered them by the W * kklv Expbess ; and in every part of Scotland where he bad been as the delegate of tha Bakers' Union , thftt paper was received nith tbe utmost enthusiasm . Mr Cathbertsfm concluded an energetic and eloquent speech by hoping that the Wsikly Exphesb would meet that support it merited , and resamed his seat amidst general applause .
Dr Hunt £ 3 , on his own behalf , and on behalf of tho other gentltmen who co-operated with him In undertaking the heavy responsibilities connected with tbe Expbess , returned thanks in a speech replete with cordial good humour and sound democratic principles . A number of gentlemen then came forward and rceis . tered themselves as subFcribers for the Wiebxy Expbess ; and after a votswf thanks to the chairman , the meeting separated .
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vToolwich . —Ak Officer stabbed di a Ssntrt , —A very lamentable casualty occurred at Woolwich , in connexion with the death of the late Colonel Peebles , of the Royal Marines , who expired on Monday morning . It appears that at the moment when Colonel Peebles was suddenly seized with ratal illness , his son , an officer in ods of the regiments of the line , who was home on a visit to his parents , rushed out of the house in a state of great excitement to procure Immediate medical assistance for his father . On passing hastily out of the gate of the Royal Marine Bayracks , he was challenged by the sentry , and in . hia excitement paid no heed to the challenge , but passed on through the gate . The sentry imagining it wa 3 some soldier who wanted to get out ofthe barracks , struck at him with his bayonet , which pierced the back of Mr Peebles' neck , inflicting a very serious wound , the consequences of which will be doubtful for some time .
. Rochester . — At the Rochester Quarter Sessions on Saturday last , held before J . Espinasae , Esq ., Recorder , among the prisoners for trial was one Edward Darling , an agricultural labourer , twenty years of age , charged with stealing a drake , value 2 s ., the property of George Harris , fcf Finsbury , of which ho was found guilty , and proef having been adduced Of two former COHVictiona , the learned Recorder told the prisoner that he considered him a far too dangerohs person to be suffered to remain ia this ceuntry , and sentenced him to ten years' transportation . On the sentence being pronounced the prisoner uttered a loud cry arid fell heavily on the floor ; and at the samemonient a loud cry was heard from another . part of the court , from a widowed mother , who exclaimed in an agony of despair , ' Oh ! my boy , my boy , ' and in this state both mother and son were carried out ol
Some idea may be formed of the style-m which the Turkish Sultan confers gifts , whea it is known thai he is uid to have lately gitan the Grand SerMkier £ 30 , 000 , merely as a sligU iuark of bis satisfaction ,
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THE WHISTLER'S WHISTLE . TO THE EDITOR OF THB NOU 1 BEBH STAB . Sib , —Should yen think th « following worthy of space in your valuable paper , I shall ba very much obliged ; It will be fresh in the memory of the readers of the Star and the readers ofthe MAuenrBTBn Examissb too , that tbe excuse the ' Whistlir * made for not meeting Mr O'Connor in public discu « 8 ion in ManchestM wa « , hia want of el-quence . ' Now mark , the' Whistler' has just concluded a course of lectures on ' Ireland ; ' and has announced another course on the ' French Inva . eion . ' I may hero remark , in addition to the title of ' Whiitler , ' be has fldded another , viz;— ' One who has handled s . mu 9 ket' I thbk it would have been raoro
euphonious if he bad called himself ' One who has handled a musket to murder bis fellow man , ' The fact of his having ; delivered & courao of lectures , and being about to commence another , proves that he has suffi . Cient eloquence to address a public audience , when pounds , ihillings , and pence , are to be pocketed . The 1 Whistler , ' having found his eloquent tongue by delivering the above diseoums , has given a stimulnnt to the National land Company ; in Manchester upwards of one hundred and fittf members were enrolled last week . The National Land and Labour Bank hag made evon greater progress in Manchester than the Land Company , as the following facts will testify : — £ . b . d . Dec . 6 th Deposits for Manchester 11 0 0 Do 13 th 23 15 6 Do 20 b G 2 18 6 Do 27 th « 7 8 °
£ 205 2 6 The above sums have been transmitted by me on behalf of tbe depositors . The above facts prove that the National Land and Labour Bank in Manchester gaias confidence ; andthnt tho nhnraholderB of the National Land Company in Manchester are determined to support tho Land and Labour Bunk in the same way that they have supported the Land Company . Lst the Land mes » . bers in other towns anil villages do likewise , a » 4 by thifl means they will do more towards convincing trades ' unions sick clubs , nnn necrot orders , of the stability of the Land and Labour Bank than all the lectures delivered in the kingdom can do . I am , sir , your obedient servant , J . L . Alcock , Deputy to tha deposltora of the Land and Labour Bunk . Manchester District .
p . S , On Wednesday , December 29 th , 18 i 7 , we enrolled fifty-two new membwa : on Thursday , December 30 th , forty-sU ; on PrUay , eighty-two ; making a total in three BBCceeeive nights of on « hundred and eighty new members . The Natkmnl Land and Labour Bank is the great topic of the day in Manchester . The first week in 1848 has witnessed more than the whole deposits for December ( for the Manchester branch ) . The amount for this week is £ 381 . 1 S » . Now I think the above f \ cln are serious considerations for ' JoBh . ' I hope I may be allowed to prenent tbnn , as a Now Year ' s gift , to the firm of the' Whi 3 tler , ' Jo 9 h . ' and Co . J . L . Alcock .
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-a > - . THE NATIONAL PETITION . TO SHE ED 1 T 6 B OP TUB HOUTHEBN 8 TAB . g , j , _ Willyou ollowmetoaddreBBafew line * to ths Chartist public . I have been nine years a subscriber to your honest and noble Stab , and likewise a close observer for more than twelve years ofthe public conduct of its really brave and honeat proprietor ; and most happy am I , with thousands moro , to bear witn « B 9 , tbat neither paper nor proprietor has ever gone from the path of justice . Did Mr O'Connor ever betrfty usi No ! Then wby Bheuld we bBtrny him ? we dolbetray him , for we are too negligent of the cnuse we profess to admire and struggle for . Tbcre hive ^ been many suggestions thrown out will , respect te the National Petition , for the teat way to obtain Bignatnrts , Now , my plan la not a new one , but I will tell you with what success it
has been tried in a government place where Chartism was never heard of except by tho calumnies of the preesffang . At thetimeof obtaining aipnaturesto the lastarrat Notional Petition , I was at work in Sheerness in Kent , and with the assistance of a good man , a lit Harrisonhe was then above sixty years of age , —we sent to Mr Cleave for one sheet , which hold two hundred names , thinking of going from house to house with the petition braaings at night when we had done work and calling for their signatures tha following night if approved of well . Mr Harrison , ;™ his part ofthe town , got the two hundred names in four nig htB ; we sent for more sheets , and got six hundred , making eight hundrei signatures in a p lace where the real truth of Char-Horn was never known except what 1 could drive into their heads , in going for signatures from house to houae , A few words moro and I have done . In last week a Stah tbere is an addrem on behalf ef Mrs Jones , I shall give my roito ; about twelve months since I was in a with the
ruffle at sixpence per member , understanding that I would make up the waistcoat to fit the winner without any further charge—the committee et first passed a VOW of tb ankg for my present , although I wantxl no vofa for doing my dirty , I tola them I merely wanted to set an example for those that could afford it to give a better article for Mrs Ellis or some one else that stood in need of assistance . Hearing no more about my article for about sis weeks I went to Dean . str . 'et Room s , and to my surpriae was told thnt it was not worth raffling , K . ther curious , an article that I make up for ten or twelve shillings is not worth havipg ; but the best of all was one of the committee told me it would cost ten pounds in trouble and cxp nse to have it done , they must have taken me to bo a fool . But they who know me must be the best judges of that . — MT tlimiks to Venn Harney and Stallwood , they did assist floocrdinjr to promise to get a raffle . I sub . cnb . myself one tbat is willing to assist my ullow slaves . 1 J . B . Meriiy .
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MU KYDD'S TOUR . 10 THE EDITOE OP TUK NOBTUEBN STAB . DEAS Sib , —For the past fortniKht my labours have been confined t © Newcastle aud surrounding districts , including North and South Shields . The noticeable featurea of these meetings have been the attention of ray hearers , ana tbe remarkable Bpeechfcs of the chairmen ofthe North Shields and Alnwick meeting ' . The former , a gentleman of acknowledged respectability—a plain Northumbrian , possessing a alrong in&tiRct of common s-nse and a man of close observation , —hi * remarks on tfeO COndUBt ff the press were extremely terse and pungent « Mon of Shield * , I thank you for the honour conferred on me . I wish to say a few words on the newspa . perpress . It is the fety of the press to protect . th ., pub . the to watch the
lie interests , —it is tho duty of public press . I read more than two or three newspapers . If I read a statement which my own observation assures me to be untrue , I write to that [ paper ; if tho cdiior refuse to publish the truth , I refuse to subscribe to his paper ; if this practice wns general , truth wouU be general —party Interest and prejudice would be diccarded , — newspapers wou'd be the monitors of the people nnd the recorders Of truth . Men , I call on you to follow m } humble example , —never wait until other men will say your aCions are right , —discard the very name of policy , —do right , and rightful tffocts will follow . ' I wish some of those wiseacres of ring and glovo gentility had heard this plain speech . The remarkable passage in Mr "Statt ' s speech , chairman of the Alnwick meeting , was ' tho following : — ' 1 have Wn for m » ny years a Whig and orrn , for y ars , that I thought Mr O'Connor a beard froai friends
tool of the Tories . All I read and my made me think tbat Mr O'Connor was a Tory in disguiie but the promulgation pf the Land Pla » taught me my error . I was wrong , ignornntly wrong , and before my fellow citizens who have known me for years , I own n . y error . Mr O'Connor ' s Land scheme is above suspicion ; it shows tbat he desires the independence of the people andknowBthatanlnduatriouspeopl « is a country ' s groatnees . I am no longer a Whig , —all party dis . tinctions are errors in judgment . I am of the peop le and for the people . ' Both gentlemen are practical g » rdeners , —understand the value of tho land , —and being praatical men , reason from facts , and placn the question of land and its capabilities beyond cavil or dispute . The Alnmck meeting fas held in the theatre on tho first of Jasuary ; admission twopence ; deapite these drawbacks , the mooting was numerous , and comprised « n its numbers many of ths moistVational tnlnda of the old borough .
I thank the proprietors ofthe Mahchesteb Ex » mimib for theirindmtry and zial in advertising the National Land Bank , by sending cop ies of tbeir newspaper almost universally to dissenting ministers and public readingrooms . Such a course gives to ourproj « ta publicity the Stae alone cannot aecompliaV ; and as tho NaUonnl Land Bank has been a leading feature of my lectures , I find the Examiner advtrtisements beneficial . I herewith send you a copy ofthe Newcastle ADVDHi'isEE . containing a report of a lecture delivered in Newcastle , — ths report is quite correct , but is , of course , a moro outline , with ono or two errors in figures which ^ donot alter Ut general » enor . I thank the reporter for his kindness . I at present pasB over the editorial remarks , as I have sent a note to the editor , informing him tbat I will , on an early day , lecture in ono of tho principal balls in the town ; the subject will thenfce re-opened , and I wi'l than review the strictures of the ADVIKTISES in full . My
friends will , I hope , be satisfied with this assurance . It is not always wisfl to reply to aa opponent hastily , and as there is no novel or original view of the question broachud , I wait for the future comments , and will review » U the objections in a separate artislo . I thank Mr Morris , Gardener , PreBton , for his candid and valuable letttr on the capabilities of ths soil , nnd assure himlwilluseiiwfeenthe . fitting time nrrives . I maj add that the National Land Bank excttu much intermt in the nerth of England . I arrived from Alnwick tfai * morning by rail way , And am , as ever , yeurs fraternally , Newcastle . SAMDEI , Ktdp . January 2 nd , 184 ?^ .
THE CHARTIST LAND SCHEME . ( From theHEWCASTLE Advkbiisib- ) Mr S . Kydd , one of tho National Land Company ' s lecturers , addressed meetings in Mr Jud * ' « LongKoom , Cock Inn , Newcastle , on the evenings of Tuesday and Wednesday laet . Ti e subjectB treated l y him were , tn « = capabilities of tbeaoil-the ben . fita to be derlvfcdftwmft full developemeBtoI our natural reaotttc a—the gener **
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employment of our surplus labourers in agricultural pursuits—and the Chartist Nationul Land Plan—Land and Labour Bink , as established I y Mr Peargus O'Connor . Mr Kydd said that the great difficulties the working classeB had to contmfl with wer < s insecurity ol omployment and the want of profitabls remuneration . The condition of the people was at this hour the all absorbing question—It had at lust forced itself oa the " notice of our legislature , and all parties admitted , eb by common consent , that a starving population , in . creased poor rates , ruined shopkeepers , and reduced manufacturers , did not constitute true national great , ness , snd were in no way consistsnt with an advanced and improved state of civili » ation . The admission o * the evil was the first step towards a remedy . Though tbe admission of the disease , however , waa universal , the causes which produced it were not so generally admitted . Bettrcen the years 1811 and 1841 . rre had had ia England , an increase of our population of not less
than forty . nine and a half p » r cent . ; and , according to tbe returns of the relative numb . rj employed in agricultural pursuits in 1814 , as compared with 1841 , thertt wn » shown a decraase in agricultural employment of 287 , 080 ptraonis . During this period we ha-1 an immenso manufacturing developement . The giant mindnof Watts , Stepheason , Arkwrighr , Ilargreaves , and others , had given to England an increase of the powers of production unequalled in tho history of the past , and aueh as even tha poetB of tho siiteerth century did not even dreara of . Our country had by this facility of produclion risen in tbe scale of nations , so far as manufacture ? were conctrotd , and for some time this increase of commerce found profitable employment for our people ; but in the progress of European and American civilisation the improvements in mechanical power had become the property of the werld . Thi 9 was aa it should be ; for mind was as universal an light , and to argue tbat other nation * should not be encouraged in manufactures , and reap the full and unrestricted beuefit of all
improvements was absurd , and not le&s ridiculous than to affirm that one-haif of tho inhabithnts of the globe should huvs& the udvantaKe of the sun , moon , and stars , and the Other half lo lire in the mists of perpntual darkness . Such results , however , materially changed our international relations , and affected the internal condition of oar industrial population . The cost of every requisite f-r the comfort and maintenance of a family had fallen one halt '—brs 3 a stuff-, butcher ' s meat , and , in fact , noarly every kind of agricultural produce excepted . The bread stuff * represented the landlord interest , which still remained high in price . Cottons , calicoes , &c , represented ihe working man ' a interest . Hera , then , we had , as it were , a Lird ' e . eye view of the whole case . Other nation * had become our manufacturing rivalB ; home competition , added to foreign
competition , bad reduced the labourers' ivagea . The iffeets , were registered in our fever hospitals and churchyards , Tbe intcre » t of the landlord and annuitant , however , had increased ; in le . a iban twenty . five years , the Jews had doubled their fortunes and the landlords their rents , and that , too , at n time when land did not find its proportionate share of employment for the increase cf population . And had land found Its proportionate share of employment , in » tead of bavin * , in the ? ear 1841 , by tha enumeration , 4 , , 773 persons employed in sgrieultural pursuits w « should bive had 6 , 591 . 276 persons 88 empleyed—being an increase over the number now employed of 2 445 591 Hb thought , therefore , that it was plain that if tha land of thia country had found a proportionate share of tm . ployment , relatiVe to the increase of population , w « should
not now huYB suffered from dull trade , and we should have had but little to fear from want of the Bacessaries of life . Thomas Carlyle bath quaintly said , that life was a constant repetition of the active verb ' to do . ' There was a voluma in tbe sentence ; and it seemed to be a suici - dal national policy ta allow one man , able aad willing to labour , to ? emafn idle , from a wont of employment . Better let a man produce ani consume than consume without producing , Pioduction and consumption were a nation ' s greatness ; consumption without production nation ' s weakness . Yet we had millions of mm idle and ataninp ; , and millions of acres of land profitable , U cultivated—millions of labourers half fed , and millions of acres ; of land half cultivated ; reminding us that land aBd labour constituted the rude elements of all property . Having thrown out these general viewsthe lecturer prol
, ceeded to observe that tha National Land Company offered to those joining the association a cottage » nd two , three , or four acres or land , with an advance of £ 15 £ 22 . 10 s ., or £ 30 . sterling to be ^ in operations with ; the money paid to secure- the same being £ 2 . 12 s ., £ 3 . 18 s ., and £ 5 . 4 s . ; the £ 2 . 12 s . beiBjr the properly qualificatisn to entitle the shareholder to possess a cottage and two acres and so on in proportion ; fire percent of interest being charged aa rental by tha company , and paid by the allottee . The allottee had it in hiB power to buy his holding at twenty yean' purchase . Thus , if the rtnt of a cottage and two acres of land was ten pounds per year , by paying to the directors of the company the sum of two hundred pound " , the property beeamo an indepen . d «» freehold , the same as if ( fie party possessing ths cottage and land had bought it in the ordinary way of
business ; and after sui-h purchase the connexion betweeen the company and the allottee ceased , II , on the other hand , the allotteo continued to pay the rent , » o loag bb the conditions of agreement were kept , no party conldtnrn him out of his holding and ho iQerea . se of rent could take piac& . It might here be properly asked —What became of the rent paid , seeing this was a joint , stock company , the capital originally paid hy the subscribers or members , bting tho first purchase money ? Ho answered , the same was paid into the funds of th » society , to redeem tbe fee simple ofthe estate ; and after deducting the aliquot parts , as cost of management , ( ne romaining portion wes paid into the Redemption fund ; so they would see that the paying a rent went , in the first case , to buy land to enable the company to locate its members and after tho location of all its membtra the
profits so arising must cease ; the company having ac compiishedits object must « lso cea . « e ; and the land and houses would of course become tbe Tjona fide property of the possessors . In the course of two years ' the National Land Company had increased to forty-two thousand mem bers—had in their possession not less than two thousand acres of land , nnd had located eighty members ; and if the society received from tbe working classes the support anticipated , they would in n few years not Only COffl . roand tho attention of the public and the prea ^ , but woul i force their ease upon the attention of the ' pro . pertied classes and government of thia country . It was a noble task to solve the enigma—What could be done for the people ? And it was a fact not lepa noble , that the oppressed anil injured people were Betting themselves to the task , trusting to their own provident habits and
self-reliance in preference to public charity , or the forced concessions of tha mistaken few , yielded gradg . inillj to the maddened and clamorous many . It was worthy of remark th at the allottees oa thete estates con . sUted of nearly all trades , and it waa astonishing to ob . servo the case with which they changed from sedentary habits of life to work as out-door labourers . He be . lieveii this waB partly attributable to their improved health from out-door labour—partf y owing to their independence of eharacter—but chi . fly owinfj to the fact that they felt they were working for themselves andmping the reward of their own industry . The estate of O'Contiorville was cultivated b y shoemakers , silk-weavers , and frame-work knitters . practical gardeners and ploughmen , and all seemed nearly alike successful . All managed their pigs and their poultry well : « -they dug
and planted their potatoes—sowed and reaped their bar . ley . Aud the Nottingham frame-work knitter was quite as good a kitchen gardner as the practical pIougKman . The estate of O'Connonille also illustrated the increased value of land when divided into smaller allotments , as compared with land either let or sold in large allotment ? . The estate of O'Counorville cost , we believe , £ 25 . per acre : and the sum of £ 30 . or £ 60 . had been regularly paid as a premium for the possession of two or three acre allotments . The estates of Minster Lovel , nnd Lowbsnds had in the original purchase cost naoro ; but bo had no doubt that the increased value would bear a relative proportion . Land tWckly populatcd and in small allotments would always ri » a in value—tho increase of population and increase of capital alone producing such a result . The National Lund Com .
pany brought land in the wholesale market , and divided it into small allotments , brought the population fretn otber districts to live thereon , and thereby raised the valueof land in its market value—enhanced tha value of it te the possessor—and increased its intrinsic north to the community . This was , therefore , a clear system of Increased gain to sll parties , and was itself an answer to those who said the schema was a bubble , for so long as money was invested in a sure and indestructible undertaking , raised In vnluc—nnd capable of being reproduced at will—no sure could tbat capital be used advantageously forall practical purposiB . Mr Kydd alluded to tho capabilities of the soil by a reference to a series o ! practical experiments , suma of whichheread from Chamber's Information fob tub Feopif , and . concluded amidst tho applause of his hearers .
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OXE OP THE 'DISPATCH' GANG . TO THE EDITOR OP THE HORTHEBN STAR . Peak Sin , —I perceive amorgut the notices to corres . pandents ia tbe DisPircfl a latter from an individual , who n juices in the cognomen of' Mr Jebn . Fields , shoemaker of Nantwich , Cntshirc , ' and who . It appears , Ib still ambitious of being a foul . Notwithstanding the many disgraceful attempts ho has made to render himsulf conipicuou 8 , but without Buccess hitherto , perhaps he may suit the vitiated taste of tho ' Licensed Victuallers ' orgnn . Now for the statements made in tha above paper . Some members of the Land Company , and the public generally , might be led to suppose tbat tho said John Fields was the very ' Immaculate incarnation' of iunocencj . hsnesty . and patriotism , wherenshie wonderful
production is a tissue of falsehoods from Ihe beginning to the and , He styles himself a victim to the tune of £ 5 . Now we'll try to jog his memory . Does he recolled being at Crewo upon two several occasions , not twelve months back , whon Dr M'Douall waa lecturing at that place , and after asking leave to put a question or two , but instead of doing so , going into a long rig malore about the oft confuted attacks upon . Mr O'Connor ' s balance sheets , and hew muck * hc-asea' and other things' coD » ep , ' aad asking the Doctor for hii money back . when be afterwards told his companions that he kuow the ^ Direptors would not return tbe money , he { only wanted to see what the doctor' would say . I ask the ' immaculate' John if lie remembers &W& reftpect . ble psraonfl , each oneting him the cost Of . hiB Bh&res and five per cent upon them , and ho
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would not part wltb them ; and does he not , lilscwi remember an offer made through the Crewe secretary i » the same effect f and does not he remembtr saying he did not waut to part with bis scrip , but that he would lake £ 5 . 10 s . for it ? And if he could aell at that price , would take out fonr shares inunediattly , thus empowtp iBg himself so question the conduct of the director * at any time , and attend all meetings he could , and prevent s » much as possible , persons from joining . Poor G ^ bbin ! Veryliksa victim , more like a whale for his swallow . Now the people about this neighbourhood arc qni-c fatis . fied conrerning . tbe character of this creature , but ho might pass where not known as ono of the Dx « patch '« ' respactabl * correspondents , ' and Mr O'Connor's poor victim ; whereas , if all ba true ( and It has not been denied by him as yet ) we hear of him , be is in his own
sphereone of the most despicable and doitintiring tyrants . According to current report , this patriotic John was a policeman or constable in the south of England , during a tarn . outof agricultural labourers , and his conduct was so bad , bytheuBe of a long ttuncheon upon the poor defenceless operatives of the soil , that not less than twenty-one warrants were issued against liiiu , and he was obliged , and glad to sneak away . Then ha speaks of poor mm , like himself , boinj humbugged by Mr O'Connor and bis assistants , out of their mosey . It appears , that had V . i shares been bought at hia price , he didn't mind being ? humbugged ago in to tbe tune of £ 5 Ca ., lovien , < feo . Why , 'Johnny Mon , ' thoa art growing imbecile and doting . Ho , no doubt , recollects the turn out of shotmakora In Manchester when
ho was employed in cutting out for . and lodging tbe knoUtk-ks in Parsonage-lane , in tbat town ; and when that would not do , went to Ayr in Scotland , likewise to London and Nantnich , to procure Ghoeo , Ac ., at th « lowest prices , thua ruiniug the poor shoemakers of Manchester . Surely , John , you would not do this business for nothing , aud should not be so poor as you stylo youraelf , and after being duped once want to seil out and be duped again . But perhaps you have been licertious and extravagant , or the curse ot the toadeater and tyrant follows you . Hoping , Dear Sir , you will give poor John this tasty mouthful for hi » large swallow in your next , I beg to subscribe myself , One , who until the despicable conspirators . an shew better cause why not , wi 6 hes to continue Mr O'Connor's 'Vic im . ' « B » - ^
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TO THE MEMBERS OP THE LAND COMPANY OP BISHOP AUCKLAND DISTRICT . Bboideb LANDSMtH , —Now tbat our glorious Land Company has finally closed , I would address a fenr lines to you on the suljcct of the agitation of those God-like and noble principles embodied in that immortal iotanient , the Pcopls ' s Charter . For some * eol < B back , I have saen in the Stab notices of delegate meetings held in Newcastle , Durham , Shields , and other pl&CL-s . Tho men < f those towns are up and at work in earnest , while we of this district are looking on with apathy . Others are doing ivbut they can towards our emancipation ; and while it reflects credit on them , it brands us with shame . Brother' Landsmen , ' f hall this continue , shall it be said tbat when our neighbours are up in the cause of liberty , we stand looking oh with our bands folded , or sneak behind Tike cringing cwards , awl when thej hare nobly struggled fov freedom and won the victory , shall we , with , blushing face ? , accept the boon from their hunda ? 1 Never , never , ' methinks I hear you cry . « We will t * work , and as we hope to share in the general happiness that will follow the psople '» triumph , we , too , will bra > o the battle ' s strife , and share the conflict !'
Be it so , then , all you have to do is to resolve , to determine to OBtablish the Charter Association in this district without delay . We must make a beginning or remain as we are , Let our commencement be now . Let those who ara favourable to the cause instantly hold correspondence with each other . I , i ' or one , am willteg to engage in the struggle , and give all the help I can towards the furtherance of our principles . My house ia open to all those imbued with the same spirit . Let us commence , thvn , and co . operate with tbe men of Now * castle and othtr places : let us organise our associations ,
gtt np our meetings , and agitate our princip les itt earnest , and in ordur to the better accomplUunu nt of our object , let us form debating societies and mutual improvemeut classes . Tbis will bit a groat aid in bringing put dormant talents and abilities , and I have no doubt the spirit of freedom will awaken once more in tho Bishop Auckland district . Having thrown out these few remarks , I hope fotne more t ilented indivKU il will take them up , improve , ani bring them before tho public from time to time , till an agitation is begun in this part of the country that shall end only with the achievement of our lost rights . I remain , brother Landsmen , Yours , ia the cause of Freedom , Old Shildon , Jan , 2 , John Pa&ket ,
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TO THB MEHBER 3 OF TOE JOURNEYMAN STEAM ENGINE , MACHINE MAKERS , &SB MILLWRIGHTS * FRIENDLY SOCIETY . ' Truth ' s beams begin to penetrate tho mind ' s horizon , And to dissipate those clouds of error hitherto so dense . That man could not perceive e'en common sense . ' Gknilimen , —Whenever anything new i » ushered forward to tho attention of mankind in general , and especially to one class in "articular , a natural curiosity is excited ; and some , nith & Seif-fufficient smile , and otbern , with a vacant , idiotic stare , can at once fit ttB result , without giving thetnselrea the least trouble ta bacome acquainted with its true nature and design . From , such weakness arises all that error in judgment whick leads men to censure and condemn what they cannot lolly understand . The officious Henry Sdsby has placed ia our hands tbe December Trade Keport for 1847 ; pub * lisbed also a report of an Executive Council meeting , held November 27 , 1847 , for tbe express intention of suspending those branches tbat have deposited tbeir fuuda in the National Land and Labour Bunk . Henry Selsbv
has once mure vomited his spleen against the Land sod its supporters . This said production hu has appended to tbe December trade report ; and so determined is H . Selsby of conducting this affair after his own farhion , tbat he prepares tbe manuscript , and superintends tbe printing and posting of the repect hiinaelt ! So vety clever is Mr Seltby ! that he has achieved all tbis without tbe knowledge of tbe Executive Council , or thecummitteo appointed by them to superintend the printing . Now , Murk ! Selsby is ins'ructed by the Council to present oil matter for the press to the printing committee , for tbeir approval . If approved of , it is the duty of that committue to place the manuscript in the hands of the printer , and see the work properly executed . But M « r Selsby not wishing the matter to be interfered with , has thought proper to violate tbe Executive Council ' s instructions , and treat their crdira with contempt , and yet this Selsby had the audacity to tell you tbat he bad urittea it 'for the Executive Council !'
The printing committee asserted to the members of th « Manchester 3 rd bran : h , that H , Selsby had not consulted them in Accordance with rule 11 , although he makes asa of tbe plural number , ' we , ' st least twenty five titnea , and speaks of himself ia tha third person 1 The printing committee denounced the general secretary for bi » want of CBndour , and bis baseness in attempting te pa ta off tbat illegal document as being published viith their approval . . The Manchester 3 rd branch ( se ? ing the enormity lot the c&sv ) have appointed a deputation to lay the matter before the Executive Council at their next meeting . Tfefl curtain is now drawn , and H . Sehby s . tnnds thaconvictid scribe . Penalty £ 1 , —See minutes of tbe last delegate meeting . Every member who has read the rules of onr
society , knows full well that tho Executive Council hara not the power to suspend any branch of our body , noither hai the decision of the tr inches on the banking question given them any such power . The council hM not presented the suspending of the Derby and tho two Manchester branches , to the members of tho whole society for their decision ; until thia bo doni-, Henry Selsby's hash goes for nothing . I particularly invite every member to road aitestiveSg tbe first portion of Selsb >' d address , because it ii C&lctU lated seriously to affect the wages of you all . Then aifc yourselves Ue following questions : Can this man , after writing this , fairly represent our interest ? Is he abouS to become & candidate in the masters' association ? Is ha a tool of the maatera ?
Iu writing the abova , I wish it to be understood thatl have no motive but to prevent the delinquent , Selsby ; ,, effecting that which tbomaster class would giro thousands of pounds to accomplish , namely—tho annihilation of thd mutual confidence of trades' unions : the certuin preludft to dismemberment and ruin . AN OtD MANCtIE 6 TEIt JfjEMBEB , January 3 rd , 18 i 8 .
Colonial Atw Foreign*
Colonial atw foreign *
Comstoontonm
Comstoontonm
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Liberality op Worki . no Mks . —The ' iron tnea of Birmingham , ' as they were wont to be called , have just signalised themselves by an act of nobla Jiber » lky , which is perhaps without parallel . As will be seen by the following brief account of tns meeting of the weekly board of the Queen ' s Hospital , held last week , thecommittcoof the' Artisans ' Penny Subscription Movement , ' originated entirely by working men , presented the magnificent sum of £ 5 ) 24 18 $ ! 9 d . as a new year ' d offering towards tba funds of the hospital . At the same board the me » dical and surgical officers paid over the sum of £ 343 ., fee 3 from pupils .
Malice and Theft . —Some thieves last week broke open the hatches of the Dispatch , Dover aod London trader , lyiug in the Dover harbour , s . tolo ^ a quantity of spirits , and then Bet fira to the cargo ill two parts of the hold . Tbe firo in the fore part became extinguished , H appeared , bv a cask of molasses bursting over it , but the one that had been . lit ia the after part of the vessel was burning when jte captain went on board in the morning ; and had a short time more elapsed before it waj dweovered , the reasel and cargo wou : d hare been totally consumed as the fire was rapidly advancing xn tho «• rectionofacask ofov er-pvootspmts .
From three to four hundred shipwrights m Nora and South Shields have been suddenly thrown out « £ employment , tcainly , it 14 BUppOBOd , owing lo t& 8 pleasure of tlio timesi .... _ a-, - Two large 6 ws have recently occurred in tae vita ; nity of Reading , and another at Wendovor . AM ¦ Ayloabury , it ia feared , that an incendiary spirit pre « vails among the labouring population . Jenny Lind will be without a rival in London &BXi season , as Grisi will beat St Petersburfib , and Afi bonl beinga contralto , dots not cm ? inf ° WPftfl eion vtith . her .
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January 8 , 1848 , ^ THE NORTHKBN STAR l V *
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 8, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1452/page/7/
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