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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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FRANCE . " "' The Drench Gorerntnent has broken fsitk with Abu-el-K&der . It lias announced to him that it « ansot consent to his going toSt Jean d'Acre on anj tenrjs , and that with regard to Egypt , it must first gee whether the Pacha ¦ will agree to receive him . The Royal speech hes excited indignant comments in the lecture rooms , and among the rest in that of M . Micfaelefc , so illustrious for bis literary works . Although this took place in the absence of thejprofessor , and without his knowledge , yet the minuter of public instrection , M . de Salvandy issued an order to close the lecture-room , and suspend the course of the professor .
Tiie debate on the address was opened m the Chamber of Peers on Monday , by Count D Alton Shee . who ' raade a long speech attacking M . Guizot for his f , reign policy . Speaking of Switzerland , he . Eaid the real question at issue in that country was " one of politicial , and not of religious liberty . It was in this v ew he looked upon the question , for as a mere relHbus question it could be of no interest to him , * who was neither a Christian nor a Catholic * He concluded by alluding to the movement in Italy , and expressed a hope that the Liberals , ' if at some future time they shanld find the burdens imposed upon them by their oppressors too heavy ; if they found their indisnatioR stronger than their prudence , and their patriotism dearer to them than life , that they should then renounce their prooesnons , their hymns , and their canticles , and , instead of offericg fceir ntcks to the axe as victims , should take their arias in their hands , and die as martyrs , fighting against their oppressors . ' if . > Iesnarf , formerly an ultra-conservative , made ; most eloquent speech in favour of electoral reform . The debate was continued on Tuesday . SPAIN . Our Bayonne correspondent informs us that Ge . nera ! Espartero arrived at St Sebastian on the 4-n isstant . He was received by the people of that place ' with the utmost enthusiasm . . . The Queen is seriously ill . Salamanca is to be impeached on charges of malversation . 6 ? Dl AmeUler has been banished from the capital to Vittoria .
PORTUGAL . The Cortes was opened by the Queen on the 2 nd inst . A royal decree has restored the two Cabrals to their former office ot Privy Councillors . The civil governor of Lisbon has issued a decree for the complete snd effectual disarmament of the people . The authorities are authorised to mnke forcible entry into any premises , by day or night , to search for arms . On the morning of the 27 th nit , the armed police and regular troops surrounded the markets , and eerzed hundred * of peaceable citizens to force them to serve in the army . These nnhappysictims ol all ages , fr un sixteen to sixty , were cramtced into the psTia ! prisons . RtMocnED IsscRmcTios . —The Pans National . on the faith of a letter from Optrto , s p ates that Sa < ia JSandeira had left Lisbon , to place hirnsslf at the head ( if a troop of 500 mea , wkichhad been gathered t ogether in the interior of the provinces .
SWITZERLAND . Public order is gradually recovering its influsne * in Switzerland , and ihe army raised for the suppression of the insurrection of the small cantons is beinp distended . The workmen of Heidelberg , in an address to their brethren in the popular association of Berne , lately published in a Manheim journal , after expressing their sympathy with the triumphant cause , prsceed as follows;—* We n ' , in our obscurity , in monarchic Germany , behold with delLht the fall SUI ) of liberty rising , which will soon enlighten and warm the people .... TJppn the ruins of the powers that were you pill fonnd the empire of Hbertv , of equality , and ot
fraternity . ' They conclude— ' We hope to see realised , in a titae not far off . an alliance of all the societies of workmen of Switzerland and of Germany ; the common object which we have in view—namely , to ennncipate the people from the tiesof oppression , political and social , can only be attained by a firm alliance of interests in every quarter . ' Similar in epiriti and almost identical , was the reply of M . Druey . tbe deDUty for Vaud , to the inritation to the late fcsform banquet at Cl a ' on-en-Saone : — ' Gentlemen , ' he writes , ' your cause and ours is one and the same ; we Bvmpsthise with you , as you have sympathised with us . On both sides ot the Jura it becomes the question to carry out from the domain of ideas to that of facts , the grand principles of
the liberty , equality , and fraternity ot men—principles which form the happiness as well as the glory of communities . The poiat i 3 to make the riuhts ct ihe massfes triumph over the privileges of the few , to cement more and more the h < Jy alliance of the people of all nation * , and to enlarge their sovereignty . ' There was a grand banquet at Lausanne on the 1 st instant , to celebrate the triumph of tbe Federal cause . The deputies for the canton were present . The ladies of Lucerae have presented to Colonel Heeler , in command of the troops of occupation , a superb va ? e of flower ? , in testimony of his excellent and noble conduct . ITALY .
The political agitation proceeds in Italy , nor can even the despotism of Austria suppress It . A circular , clandestinely printed , had been lately distributed in Milan , reminding the population that in the Amerieac struggle for independence , the people voluntarily abstained fiom the use of tea , with a view to damage the revenue of the British government . A like course was recommended to the population of Lonibardy , with regard to tobacco , which constitutes an immense source of revenue to the Ans'rian government . This was followed by a gene-1
ral abstinence from smekiBg . On the 3 rd , a violent demonstration took p laee . The people attacked and disarmed several military posts , and the troops be-Ic ? ordered to fire , several of the people were killed . Tbe news of lhe entrance of the Austrian troops into Modefa had produced a great fermentation at Leghorn . On the evening of the 27 th ult . the people in a mass proceeded to the residence of the governor , and demanded ' arms with loud cries . It was net without difficulty thafthg tumult could be appeased . The day before a similar commotion had taken place at Florence . On the 5 th of January the inhabitants of Milan eame to a resolution to taboo the lottery , as they have already donetabacco . Every person who purchase * a lottery ticket will be treated as an outcast from societv .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . By the arrival of the packet-ship Afersey , we learn that in G n ^ ress onih .- 20 th n ' t .. Mr Calhounmovtd that a day be fixed for con ^ derine his resolutions , Which are , a * haS been stated , to the effect tbat the conquest and annexation of Mexico would be hazardens u > and subversive of the republican institution of the Slates , and declaring against the adoption of any policy ¦ which would lead to consequences so disastrous . It was understood after a discussion that the Srst Tuesday in . January was ! agreed upon as the daj frr the opening of the discussion upon these resolutions .
Tne new s from ~ Mf xico is of preat interest . Santa Anna having issued a proclamation to the provisional government at Queretaro , calling upon them to organue a foica ol 50 , 000 men , for the purpose of renewing the war , a pronunciamento in his favour Bad been undo by the military at Queretaro . He had left Telmacan on the 22 ud of November , and Lad assumed the command of the aray at Oajaea . The new presideRt-general , Anaya , is said to be in favour of peace . The most important news from the capital is tbe arrest of Generals Worth and Pillow , and Cslonel Duncan , by order of General Scott . They are charged with reflecting in an im ; roper manner upon tiie general-in-chiet of the American army .
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ENGLISH DEMOCRACY AND IRISH REPEAL . FEARGCS O'CONSOS IN PARLIAMENT . VIEWS OF THE CONTINENTAL PRESS . The RirossiE . P ; iris paper , say =, in speaking of the Irish Coercion Bill , Mr J « hn O'Concell has found a formidable rival in Mr O'Connor . This great democratic leader Las placed himself at one bound at the head ef the Irish party . It was he alone who fully opposed the Coereion Bill . It was he who lead the opposition . It was he who opposed every clause , and retarded to the utmost the passing of tho bill . It was he who concentrated in his speeches the whole spirit of the opposition . It was he , in fine , who , for the first time since 1 S 35 , brought forward a motion fir Repeal , which no other Iris ^ i member vreuld hare dose .
The Irish members have bowed to hi ; leadership with but a bad gracs . Whigs in their hearts , thpj hats the democratic energy of Mr O'Connor . He yriil no longer a !! o * r them to make Kepeal a sordid Ty of faction . The real Repeal members , however , ¦ annot do withoat such a lender as O'Connor , and art bliged te submit , although they try to undermine . s growing popularity in Ireland . After the session , Mr O'Connorwill probaWyraake "• tour of Ireland , to re-create the af itation , and . nd a true democracy . No doubt he will succeed , d in lesB than six months be the recognised leader "he Irish people . T niting thuB the guidanceof the democracy in the : e kingdoms , he will be placed in apo-ition ¦ nger than any agitator , including O'Connell , has ir yetoccupkd .
TheBBusELS Gkriux Gazette of the 9 : h inst ., an article entitled , Feakgus O'Coxsos and the Irish People . atiates at great length on Mr O'Connor's address : ie Norihekk Stab of the 1 st iust ., and observes : s address ought to be read and ^ treasured by every -: ¦ icrat . The results of this magnificent address . soon show themselves with a powerful inflnenoe . * * Feargus O'Connor is the man that andwyatB . He has the wealth of millions truly
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at heart—their welfare is , with trim , no empty cry , no m ask to pet government patronage . 'Ib his address he shows the Irish people how , for thirteen year ? , it has been led by the nose by Daniel O'Connell . the political thimble-rigger , with the cry of' Repeal . ' He plaees in its proper light the conduct of John ( KConnell , his father ' s political heir , and who , like his father , sacrifices millions of credulous Irishmen to his personal plans and interests—but all the fins words and hypocrisy of John O'Connell will be insufficient to \< i \ e away the stain he has contracted in the Coercion Bill' Itebate . This address must open the eyes of the Irish people , and it will then spurn the knot of sham Repealers who laugh in their sleeves at their credulity .
' But the address has greater importance still , as emanating , nat only fram an Irishman , but also from an English Democrat and Chartist . He shows with & clearness that must carry conviction even to the most obtuse , the necessity for a close union between the Irish and the English working classes ; and that Repeal can only be successful for Ireland when joined with the Charter . He further points to the fact that the English Chartists petitioned to the number ot three and a half millions for Repeal-that Vhey have now again petitioned against the Coercion Bill—and that the oppressed of both countries muBt stand or
fall together . . ... » ¦»«¦ The Cologne Gazbtte observes . waMuBlon to Mr O Connor , his motion for Repeal , and hia addresg in ^ De ^ cendrd from the oldest aristocracy of Ireland , nay ! tracing his pedigree to theremote and chivalrous kinrs of Green Erin ; intimately connected 1 with the misfortunes of his country , through the guffenip ef his more immediate ancestors ; constantly busied witn her present fortunes . and her future prospects . O Connor stnnds before ns , a specimen ef those men whoremind us at once of past clones and of foture hopes ; and from whose lips we receive with equalpleasure the traditions of the former , and the prophecies Ot tne
coming hm * s : * e ' Parliament sees with terror that Daniel O'Connell has found a successor in Ms countrvman , Feargua O'Connor , who once more brinpsforward the question of RepesI , and whose indomitible pereeverarcelmlea a more formidable struggle than that wa ; ed by the deceased O'Connell . * * ¦ In his speech on Repeal , O'Connor described tbe historr of his country with appalling accuracy . He described the fall of hia royal ancestry . He narrated the sufferings of hist noble hearted and bettayed countrymen . As you hear him , the crushed Catholic writhinerin his blood , the war-crr of a hundred revolts is recalled to your memory—the -whole history of unhappy Erin , all the woes of the' Niobe of nations ' are spread before yon .
' The first number of the Northern Star for this year contains an admirable address from Mr O'Connor to the Irish people . recommenHine the Charter as a upcessary concomitant with Repeal , since the one , without the other , would be incomplete . ' We havo received c npifs 'f the following Dutch papers : —Dk Buboer ( the Citizen ) and the Batavjan Courier , both published at the Hague , containing eolumnsofthe proceedings of the English Chartists and the Fraternal Democrats . The editor , M . Adrien van Bevarvoorde , appears to be a talented , fkquent and eufeetie defend er of the principles of Democracy Tne Rkfohme of Mondarlssfcesntains a translation of the address of the Fraternal Democrats to the workin ? men of Great Britain and Ireland , published in our las * niimber .
ARREST OF M . CABET , THE FRENCH COMMUNIST . M . Cabet , chief editor of the Populate , has been arrested on a charge of ' illieit combination . and of ' swindling . ' He was about to emigrate with his followers to America , there to found an Icarian republic , and on his retHrn to France from London , which fie hns recently been visitinc , was seized by the emi'garies of the French government . The Refobwe says : — M . Crfbet has preached peace for five or six years ; he has always denounced revolutionary tendencies , and branded the jonrnals , clinging to tie old tradition * of oar forefatberB * liberties , » b violent aid seditious . Notwithstanding this , he has been accused of illegal combination , and this feunder of a foture colony bas been arrested on a charge of ' swindling , ' fousded , no dou ^ t . on the voluntary contributions of the intended colonists .
We believe this accusation to be merely a vile attack on M . Cabet ' 6 propaganda , and the c * aarg » to be maae out of fear that his emu : rating scheme was but a raask to cover tbe preparation for a revolution . Be it as it may , we love not hi ? paeijic doctrine , nor his emigration echeme ; bui we bt-hold in him an injured citizen—and , therefore , we defend him . He has writtf n the following letter : — TO THE EDITOR OF THE BXFOBME . Sib . —Again I have become the victim of a monBtrou 9 persf cation , that threatens tbe entire press . Two hoBrs after mv return from Irf > n < 5 on , There I tad been concluding arrangements of the highest importance , relative to a project of colonisation in America , a Comtnisgary of Police , with a s arch warrant from the Judge of St Qaentin , has seized all my vouchers { a hundred , ) cor . re = pondence , and accounts , under pretext of an ncen pation , not only of illegal eombinaiien , but also of swindling !
They assert my project of colonisation is only a pretence , ei her to organise a revolution , or to swindle the Icarians . I cannot describe my indignation . Thejudpe has ordered me to be taken to Paris , where I rtall probably be placed in confinement , and on my arrival , ill and fatigued , be thrown into prison . The eoitiog of the Popclaike has thus become almost impossible . By these means a great , Emancipating enterprise will be jeopardised , nnd we shall be mbjected to incilculable losseF—of millions , perhaps—which might , hare been earned by the poor Icarians . Bat I hope I f hall be protected by pnblic opinion and the pre * 3 ; and , if I stand alone , I Bhall know how to defend myself against this odious persecution . Rtcei 7 e my fraternal greeting . P . ris , January 5 th , 1848 . CaDZT .
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CAPABILITIES OF THE SOIL . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERS STAB . Sin , That the taost timid may not lengtr despair , and that those who are Land members may take encouragement , we hare to request yon will give insertion to the following : —About two years ago , Mr James Finlay , mason , ( a sterling Chartist ) , purchased a piece of lani , one acre and a quarter in extent , at a place called Stokenley Gove , close to the village of Ivetton , in the coun'y of Durham , In the memory of tbe oldest inhabitant tbe plot in question hadnerer been under cultivation , and i's surface wag entirely cnvtred by ftones and
briers , there Being scarcely any soil p rceptible upon it . At the commencement of the last year Mr F . undertook to all appearance—tbe almost fruitless task of bringing one fourth of an acre of tbis wilderness under tillage , and with what success may be gathered from the statement belon-. Having got this f tony heap ready for seed , Mr F . put into it Swede turnip se < d , and there is now to be seen upon this once useless piece of land , 7106 turnip ? , that , at a very low estimate . Will averflgo 4 lb « . each . TbiS gives 17 Ton « , 3 cwt . 3 qrc . and 4 lbs . ; an ( J which at the low price of £ 1 per ton , or 1 J 4 . per 11 lbs ,, gives for this ctep , £ 17 S ' . 9 d .
The prodnee of in acre under such circuaiEtances , therefore , would bring to the occupier £ C 8 15 s . for one single t rop . So much for lani that is of no use under tiihge . After this fact , who that is an occupant upon the Company ' s estates need fenr starvation . Yours , &c , Ahthojtt Scobek , Joseph Simpson , John Geogoih , Thumis Cabb , Lead Sate , near Iveston , Durham .
TO THE CHARTISTS OF SCOTLAND . Pehow Cochtsthen , Remembering the noble strugcles of our country in favour of civil and religious libtrty , and anxious to perf . ct the work of our fathers , we feel gratified in b . ing able at thi * moment to lend a helping hand to our friends ia Edinburgh , in establishing an organ for the support of those principles which have been banded down to us as a bulwark against the encroachments of ariEtocratic pr ide , and the stilish ambition of our oppressors . Friends , we feel that the exertions ef the ChartiitB of
Edinburgh to establish the Weekly Expsebs as a sopporter of Chartist principles will be hailed by theoountry with Rhouts of applause . The establishment of the Edisbcrgb ExPBESsiB of vast importance to us in this part of the country , seeing that the corrupt and ven il pres * has so long misrepresented the principleB of the Charter , and the hontst endeavours of the working men to emancipate themeckes from their present state of political and 8 cial bondage . We would oaly remind you , in proof of this , of how they have treated the Land movement , either ia misrepresenting our motives , or cunning !} - and treacherously bnrkiog our proceedings .
Friends , we admit that former journals have been started in Scotland snd have fcllen te the ground , but not for want of support , so long as they were henestly conducted . Generally the aim of those journals was to supersede the Nobtheb * Stae , ana to destroy the con . fiance repoeed in Mr O'Connor . But no sooiur mre their intentions discovered by the working m 9 n than th ^ se journals became numbered with the things tbat were . But we have more confidence in the Chartists of Edinburgh and the proprietors of the Weekly Expbebs . They are persoss who bave stood by the movement alous f
through prosperity and adversity , and are ze upporters of the Kobtbeek Stab . We require a Scottish organ , » s it is impossible for the Stae to contain every , thing done in connexion with our movement . We grant that it has done more than any other journal ever did , bating combatted tbe unittd press of England , Ireland , and Scotland , in defence of labour ' s rights . But Btill assistance is wanted in ibis part of the country to aid the Stab in itB crnBade against eur enemies , and we hope that in every locality steps will be immediately taken to in ore the succees of the Weeklt Expbess , and g ' -ow to oar opponents that we are able snd willing f o
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Support the preHB , if it honestly aavocate our claims ana repreient our i nlerests . Men of Scetland , form your clubs , a » a send your orders early , as tho few first weeks of tbe new journal s existence will be the most critical . We are , fellow countrymen , TourB , on behalf of the eommlttoe , John Bryan , James Smith , Glasgow , Dukcan Shekeington . January 3 rd , 1848 . P . S —Orders will be reeeivefi by Thomas Reid , at tbe Land Company ' s meetings , Dyers' Hall , Charlotte-l&nP , eiery Monday evening , or at his residence , FebWescourt , Main-street , Bridgeton .
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TO THE DEMOCRATS OP BIRMINGHAM , WOLTERHAMFTON , DUDLEY , WALSALL , OLDBURT , BILSTON , AND SMETHWICK .
Brother Chabtists , — Although to Borne of you I am well liBorrn , it is most probable that others efyou have n ver so much as heard my name . It may , therefore , be well for me to say tbat I am , and have for tome time been , a working tean and a working Chartist ; tbat I took upon the present as the most favourable epoch in tbe history of Chartism that has vet presented itself , Whig profligacy , Tory imbecility , nnd the known debility of the house of misrepresentativeB , all combining in a v < ry marked degree to give strength and power to any truthful and firmly based movement on tbe part of thej
' mob , if that ' mob' will apply all their now latent energies to the glorious task of selfrtdemptioni Y-ur oppressors bave might ; you hare might and glorious ngbt . They have yet had the power to oppress . You have now in tbe workshops of your minds tbe knowledge of truth , from which you may send forth 6 uch glorious sparks of democratic fire that shall iaspire the hearts of year compeers , and strike / ear fo the hearts of jonr oppreBiorg . Thtse things may be by jou accomplished , and m order that we may be in a Btate of organisation suited to the magnitude of the undertaking , I beg leave to submit to you ike following propositions / or discussion in vour f ereral localities . . , i , \ > '
1 . The propriety of reviving the seven laeaJiftes I have named , into one organised district , with power to add to their number . 2 . The propriety of sending one delegate from each place to a Conference to be holden iu Smethwick . The business of the Conference to be to consider tbe advisibility of appointing a district secretary , Tyhoae whole time shall be absorbed in lecturing to , and conducting the general business of , the association , subject to the control of the committee . I shall not cfiVr one word of remark upon the above suggestions , except that I earnestly hope , if adopted , a sterling Democrat will be appointed , —one cell qualified by years and discretion to discharge the duties- which will devolve upon him , and that no man will be more anxious to assist and support such an one than Geobge Martle .
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THE LONDON CONFEDERALISTS . It is to bo deeply regretted that Ireland docs not possess what can be called a truly independent journal—the undecided course pursued of la ' . e by the Nation , has given great dissatisfaction te numbers of the Centederales in this metropolis , and Ireland never more required than ahe does at present , a journal having for its motto— ' Fast principles . ' Great anxiety ib likewise displayed , now that the . Coek Soctbeisn Rhpokteb has fallen into the hands of the Confederates , as to the line ef policy that . will be adopted by that journal . All hopes of a reconciliation between the Old and Young Irelanders being now finally settled by the answer by Mr William Smith O'Brien to the Limerick trades , ' That he wou ) d have none of it . ' The 'Dwaine' ultimatum must now be considered aa at an end .
The Dakiel O'Cosnell Cum A numerous meeting of the Confederates of Marylebone and itsvici nity , was held on Sunday evening last , at the Victory , Newenham . street , Edgeware-road . Mr D . Healy in the chair ; who addressed the meeting at some length on the present alarming position of Ireland , and called on those present to rally round the Confederation . Several articles were read from the Irish and other journals . Messrs Sullivan , E . Fitzgibbon , and O Mahoney eIbo addressed the meeting . Several persons having paid in their subscriptions , the meeting separated .
TnECuMustCujB . —A hiehly respectable meeting of this club was held on Sunday evening last , at the Blue Anchor ,. York-street , Westminster , and every available part of the large room was occupied . Mr Brown , amidst loud acclamation , was called to the chair . Articles from the Nation and other Irish journals were read , as also was the letter of the Dublin correspondent of the Northern Stab , which was received with loud and lone continued cheering . Mr Reynolds then addressed the meeting , and entered into the history of the late famine in Ireland at great length ; and said , that every means had been resorted to , but the right one , to stay the awful effects of that direful calamity . MrNolan having spoken , Mr Glass ( an Englishman ) , in the course of a lengthened speech , advocated the formation of a party in England to further the cause of Irish nationality , independent of any party in Ireland ) and which would not oe subject to tke restrictions of Irish law , which was a drag chain upon the Irish in England . He
should be roost . happy to put down his £ 1 . for carrying out such an object , and he knew many others who would join in so laudable an undertaking . Mr Wilkea ( an English working man ) said . it gave him great pleasure to listen io their proceedings . He had been led to believe , from what he had observed at another club , that freedom of discussion was not tolerated . He was not a Confederate as yet , but after what had transpired that evening , he was happy to say that he , and several other English friends , would givethtra every assistance in the furtherance of their object . ( Mr Wilkes then handed in his subscription towards the expense incurred by the committee , and was loudly cheered . ) Mr T . R . Reading , in addressing the meeting , referred to the Duke of Wellington ' s letter , and said that ns there was every reason to believe that there would soon be an augmentation of the army , be suspected that the aras which the government robbed the Irish people of by their Algerine act , would be made we of in arming the Additional troops raised ,
The Davis Clto . —On Menday evening last , the lecture room of thisclub ( 83 , Dean-9 treet ) wascrowded to suffocation . MrT . O'Mahoney ( Vice President ) in tbe chair . Several articles from the Irish journals , and theVules ami regulations t > i the Confederation , were read . Mr J . J . Fitzgibboa said , that the Confederation did not tolerate religious discussions in their meetings ; that Conciliation Hall was sectarian , which disgusted all reasonable thinking men . In alluding to tbe Janus * like conduct of the Irish members on the late debate , he said—that those who went into parliament on the £ 5 . qualification principle , had deserted the principle . Where was Mr M'Tavish of Dundalk , who professed so much for Repeal on the hustings , and forgot its principles when his services were most required ? And again , there was Major
Blackball , who denied that he was a Repealer when challenged . He hoped the men of Longford would treat him as he deserved . Tben apain there was Mr Cecil Lawless , who only became a Repealer when he could obtain a sent . There was Nicholas Mahon and Henry Grattan , who had deserted the principles of his youth , and disgraced the tomb of his revered parent . He could not pass lightly over the conduct of Morgan John O'Connell , who deserted Ireland in the eleventh hour , and falsified the principles of his late uncle . There must be a cause which time alone would reveal ; and what was more surprising , young Dan was not to be found when wanted to rescue his country from Whig domination and misrule . That a compact bad been entered into by the late Mr O'Connell—had not j et been denied by the declaimers of
Burgh Quay . He believed that Mr O Connell never received a farthing by that compact , but he was sorry to say that many were waiting to have a lick at the honey spoon of the sweet Whigs . He believed that O'Connell damaged his reputation by entering into that compact , and that some of the brightest ornaments of tbe association seceded from him on that account , and laid the foundation ot the Confederation , which had not been in existence scarcely twelve months , and its principles were making rapid progress . ( Cheers . ) Mr M'Lean said , that he had great pleasure to announce that in a short time a Confederate Club would be opened in the neighbourhood of Seiners Town . The anneuncement was received with loud cheers . Several other persons having addressed i the meeting , it adjourned to the following Monday I evening .
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Tiie Irish Coercion' Bill . —The Westminster ! Debating Societv , Broadway , Westminster . —The ' discussion on tho Irish Coercion Bill was brought to ' a close on Saturday evening last , it having extended j over six weeks . The discussion was opened by Mr ¦ ¦ ' Cathie in favour of Coercion , who found very few j supporters , for as the debate proceeded , they got ; ' smaller by degrees and beautifully less . ' The oppoi nents of the measure , among whom were Messrs . ! O'Connor , M'Sweeney , Waliord , Reading , and Ir-\ vine , had it alt their own way , for none of the facts , ' brought forward by them were attempted to be an-; Rwered on the other Bide . The question of the i' Charter' is the subject for discussion for Saturday cren ' mg , January 15 ih .
i Bristol . —The members and friends of the' Erinj go-Bragh Confederate Club' are requested to attend I the meeting to be held on Monday evening next , at ' eight o ' clock , at Rcbbeck's Coffee and Reading ! Rooms , No . 1 , Tower Hill . Old Market-street . i Nottingham . —Annual Report oi ? No . 1 Library , I Rancliffe Arms , Sussex-street . —Your committee , in ! presenting their thirteenth annual report , is enabled to congratulate the society on the improved condition of the books . Having examined them leaf by leaf . aml l'ef&ired them , they are happy to state they are in better condition than on several former occasions ; but whether this is owing to greater care being taken of them , or having fewer readers , the committee are notable positively to answer , but probably both . In
the financial department they are not quite so successful as on some former years , but when they consider tho commercial gloom of the last year , unprecedented in the annals of Nottingham , or probably the world , coupled with the high prices of provisions , it is almost a surprise to them they have succeeded so well as they have . Every new as wt 11 as old institution must be judged of by the results . Tbe incomaof the libraiy , with the items of expenditure for the past year shall be laid before you , in which you wiil find a large sum for binding , part of which m ight have been saved had the books formc-ly been used more carefully ; they must again remind ; the member the books are their own , and request them earnestly to use them as such . Your committee
mu = t now draw your attention to a subject that concerns us all more than some are aware of , namelythe education of the working elates . And here , let it be observed , they have a givst difficulty to surmount and a duty to perform ; for ignorance , where learning and true science should predominate , is an enormous vice ; and they most earnestly request one and nil to do all in their power to forward the views of the benevolent and philanthropic founder of the People ' s College , to make it what it ought to bethe place where the working man might receive a sound moral and scientific education , equal it cot superior—to any other college in England . But it must be made to support itself , both for male and female students ; for however the minds of men may
vary in their different gifts and talents , and the means of acquiring knowledge , we all come into the world ignorant of even surrounding object ? , and our miads are then prepared to become a void , or have the arts and sciences written upon them in a plain legible hand . The more the mind of man expands the more he is elevated above the ignorant , and tho more he is fitted for every station in life . Your committee feel it a duty to return their thanks to Mr Reid , Principal of the People ' s College , and Dr Small , of Derby road , New R idford , for the very able lectures given in Nottingham , on the Sanitary movement . This his long been wanting ; should any one doubt it , that happens to be more fortunate , let
them visit some of the back or low part * of even Nottingham , and see the working man living amongst filth , crime , and want , tho farerunKers of fever , disease , and death ; and then let him ask himselr , if we have not been toe long neglected ? To the higher and middle ctaes we would say , 'Gentlemen , remember we are the root of the social tree , and if that rbot is impregnated with poison and death , what is to becorao of the branches , the leaves , the flower . , and tho fruit ? ' In conclusion , when the condition of the labourer is depressed , neglected , and demoralised , the other classes can rest upon no solid foundation . No . 1 Operatives' Library , Rancliffe Arms , Sussexstreet , Nottingham , 10 th January .
ScfpncisM . —It has been rightly observed , that in one point the Atheist ia the moat credulous man in the world , who believes the universe to be the production of chance . Addison says there is pot a more ridiculous animal than an Atheist in his retirement . Tbe mere light of the gospel cannot save , no more than the sun can enlighten a man who is born blind . \
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TRADES' MOVEMENTS . ADDEESB OF THE JOINT COMU 1 TIBB OV THE WCBT END AND CITY WOMBN ' S MEN , BEtONQIHO . TO SHE NATlOHAt ASSOCIATION OF CNITID TBADE 8 , Fellow Shopmateb , —Wo lira in anage ' of selfishness and co-opposition , nnddwtll in u land of esactien and oppression . Buch man , ontirely indifferent to the welfare of his follow creaturo , appears only solicitous to promote his own individual interest , even though it be to the rula of his neighbour . It ia fram this principle of aelMove , that the knowing are taking advantage of the ignorant—the strong of the weak—the rich of the poor —and the poor of one another ; which gives to the rich tbe lion ' s tharo , and to those who work the hardest , and toil longest , the smallest wages .
That some members of souiety should-tucoma poor , through idleness , imprudence , or cxttaT&gunce , is not surprising but for wbole communities to become poor by industry , is monstrous . To labour and wont , and to labour in fear of still greater want oven in the midst of abundance , is thatwhioh renders tbe condition of the British sheeninker worse than that of the negro glare . Tbe elave dreads no want of empioymint—feave no want of bread ; his master ia bound by law and interest to provide for him and hie family . 'Ihe master of the black is compelled by interest to use every means to promote his health , and prolong
his life , as he will have to keep him while sick ; burj him whon dead ; and buy a new one in his stead . It ia otherwise with thejourncjman shoemaker : his master loses nothing either by hia death or his discharge , but often gains an advantage by obtaining one in his place to do more work for less wages . Remember , the capitalists , as a class , have no sympathy for you ; their chief object is to obtain from you tbe greatest possible amount of labour at the very lowest price ; whilst , by reducing wages , er decreasing the number of their workmen , they convert every change and circumstance into profit .
See , then your conditloa aa a body of artisans , and ask joursdveB what is the remedy » and the unanimous response will be , —Association , Organisation , and Cooperation . By apsociatioa alone can you successfully contend with the monster competition . For one moment ri fleet on tbemisorable pittance , riz : —from pumps , 7 d . to welts , is . ptr pair doled out in many parts of lbs metropolis , out ot > yhieh tbe j lurnej'maB has to provide grinder ; , candle , and keep his tools in ordor ; vihat can he then have left for his family on Saturday night ? Is not this a lamentable state of things ? Yet this ia not the worst side of tho picture . About Somers Town and Bethnal Green , and the eastern part of tho metropolis , a system of middle men has crept in , v / ho employ a large
number of slaves to labour for them at such wngt 8 as enables them to serve the manufacturers with women ' s shoes at 15 s . per dozen ! By tbe offects of such competition the condition of the labourer is becoming worse and worse . The labourer has no protection bul by organisation . The moniod classes are associating in every possible form and feature to make more money ; they cannot make more without its coming either directly or indirectly from the labourer . Then why not the labourer organise to make his labour more valuable , bj demanding better wages for it ? The ' organisation of labour , a question of intense interest , must soon take the lead of all others , bacnuse , for the mass of mankind , it is si question of life and death .
Arouse yourselves , working men , from your apathy and inactivity J bo no longer the willing slaves of the unfeeling manufacturers , nnd the tool of the mtrcileES speculators < The bettering of your condition lieB in your own hands . Tbe condition of the working classes has become one of the great questions of the age ; and if working men will bestir themselres , earnestly and eathufiiiiBtiottlly , to emancipate themgelveg , the . work will be done . Then , shopmates , let not this call be mdde in vain , but unite , under the auspiees of tha National Association of United Trades , and show to the country , and the world at large , that you are determined bo
longer to submit to the iron arm of capital , but tbat you are alive to the instructions given by one of the greatest Bt&tecmen of the age—Sir Robert Peel , i . e ., to take yout own affairs into your own hands ; that whatever has hitherto occurred to disunite you , shali be in future obviated ; that henceforth our motto shall be , ' Onward , and we conquer—backward , snd we fall ! ' Then will the clarion of your renown bo heard throughout the land , and you will be blessed as benefactors by generations yet unborn , while the approving voice of conscience will swell tbe general symphoDy , and history will write your names with light is tbe book of immortality ,
In order to carry out the complete organisation of the metropolis , the committees of the WeBt Ev . d and City have united , and will enter members at Gd . each , on meeting nights , at the King and Queen , Poley-street ; the Three Compasses , Little Marylebone-street , Marylebone ; tee Fisb , Fisher-street , Bed Lion-. ' quare ; tbe Bull and Bell , Ropomaker-street , Finsbury ; the Marquis of Granby , Kensington ; the Cbapel House , Chapelstreet , Ft : ntonviHe [; the Britannia , High . street , Hackney ; every Monday evening , at the Globe and Friends , Comlaercialllond East ; and on any day at N . Cannon ' g . 5 , Buker . etreet , Commercial Road East ; at 6 , Greenslade ' s , 21 , Allerton-street , Hoxton ; or at J . Smithyes ' , Grinder , 27 , Uuion-Btreet , Marylebene . By order ot the Committee , Thomas Holmes , Chairman , Jambs Smitht £ s , Secretary ,
Winlaton Nailmakebs . —Receired on behalf of the Horse Nailmakcrs strike , Winlaton , the following subscriptions : — s . d . Winlaton Mill ... ... ... . „ 6 6 Swalwell Smiths ... ... ... ... 8 0 Hawk ' s Smiths , Gateshead ... ... . „ 5 3 Dusstnu Chainmakers ... ., ... 5 9 Martin Jude , Newcastle ... .. ... 2 6 Carlisle Nailers ... ... ... ... 5 5 Abbott's Chain ana Nnilmakers ... ... 10 o Winlaton Smiths ... .. ... ... 8 7 North Shields Nailers ... ... ... 10 3 Tyzick'ii Chain raakers , North Shields ... 10 9 Paw ' s ChainiDafcers , North Shields ... ... 7 11 J To' . al .,. £ 4 0 11 § Winlaton , January 10 th , 1848 .
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LETTERS ADDKESSED TO THE WORKING MEN OF ENGLAND , IN TRADE UNIONS ASSOCIATED , ON THE NECESSITY OF A CHANGE . Clothe it in words . — Shelmt , Letter II . Fellow Countrymen , —We will now resume the consideration of the question to which we directed our attention in last week ' s Northern Star . But before entering immediately upon it , suffer me to return my sincere thanks to the Editor of that very excellent journal , for the generous manner in which he responded to my request , of feeing allowed the free use of its columns for the insertion of those letters . This done , we will now proceed to our task . And first let me premise , that in order rightly to understand our work , it will be necessary for us to lay down some plan of procedure . _ We must have our beginning—our basis upen which to rahe the structure of examination ; so , that as we more step
by step in the progress of our work , we may carry with us the work of conviction also , for I would make the necessity of a change so elear , that their should be no ' hinge nor loop to hang a doubt upon . I take it for eraufcd . that man is the source , viewed both in his individual and corporate opacity , from whence the institutions of a country , bo they whatsoever they may , have their origin , and by which their existenceiis continued . This being the case ( and the proposition is self-evident ) it follows that the first work of a pioneer in human progress should be an inquiry into the nature of man , as a physical , moral , and social agent ; fur without a knowledge of tbe sources from whence all progress can alone proceed , how can it be possible that we
should effect the object at which we may aim ? It is true we may obtain a change in the social or political institutions ' by which we are controlled , and we may call it by the old hackneyed name of reform ; we may fold our arms with the self-satisfaction of having accomplished a general geod ; but when the fit has passed , and we return to the business of everyday life , how soon we discover our mistake ; and that this has hitherto been the case , I think a single glance at ( he past and present condition of our order will be amply sufficient to satisfy every working man . Proceed we , then , to tho consideration ' of our question , and don't be frightened at it , for their is nothing difficult about the inquiry , when stripped of the mantle in which it has been enveloped by man
making spiritualists and moral ddators , who hang ' ing like so many leeches to the body of the nation , suck out its very life ' s blood , under the garb of spiritual and secular educationists . Education , indeed ! Who Bays education ? Why the sleek , greasy mouthed professor of relieion , who can laugh and langh again , and cry and grow fat upon human misery , receiving in return a goodly stipend for practising a deception upon hia poorer brother , willingly given by tho-ewho extract the very breath from the labourer , well knowing that they are the teols necessary to enable them to keep up and continue their unrighteous traffic in human flesh . Ay , human flesh ! for we shall discofer , if wa carefully analyse the fraud , that despite all their professions , the curse of slavery is still with us—a living , active , and thriving reality ; and that the millions
extracted annuaJJy from our excessive toil , are employed to block up the light of the understanding , rather than to develope the natural virtues : hence we are poor and degraded ; rendered , by false teaching , mentally incapable of employing a strength of intellect necessary for our emancipatien ; and thus , Prometheus-like , we are chained to the rock of despair to be devoured by bo many human vultures , who thrive only upon our sufferings . Awake then , my brothers , to a sense of your slavery , and endeavour to strike off the fettors which have hitherto bound you to this unnatural state of things ; come to the rescue of your order , endeavour to reorganise your numbers—redirect your power ; for that power is indeed great , if once wisely directed . Shall we then now determine to discover what is right in principle , and morally dare to apply it for onr good ; or ehall we still continue the same old , exploded ,
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worn-out , impracticable course . I . know that _ cone mon sense mutt toll you , that we cannot effect an good by its continuation ; ard I k « ow also whet the great difficulty of a change lies . Oh ! . if « knew only the power that is yet with ua , it ,, would I impossible for us ta continue th » abject slaves tbj we aro . Exaraino yourpelvos , trace the prmcipU which determine both slavery and freedom—you wi find them within us . Are we enslaved , it is bi cause we have not willed to bo . freemen . Can w not easily discover tbe natural instincts from whenc uriuinato our every thought and action — wnetm good or bad ; our every institution , whether jU 8 t ( unjust ; every system of society , heweversimp ' e ' an compressed . Are not the attempts which we ai continually making to better eur condition , so man evidences of the force of that internal power b which we are propelled externally , either progrei sively or retrogressively ?
It is by the examination of ourselves , then , in tl first place , by which we shall be enabled to discoyc thesouroes of the good and of the evil ; and frot this we can proceed with safety to every questio connected with the well being _ of humanity . _ Ot every hope , effort , notion , exertion , and aim , is t \ attainment of happiness . Do we feel hungry , tl physical influence of that feeline is proportionate 1 its intensity—and we shall find tho philosopher r ( dnctd under tbe circumstance of want to the lev with the lowliest beggar , no room for any otto thought or feeling but the satisfying of his natur want . Do we work , it ia for this purpose . In who ever character we view ourselves as men , or in whs ever phase as citizens , whether as mere savages .
tbe lowest scale of humanity , distinguished only 1 the extreme of ignorance , and whose principal pic sure is to revel in tbe luxury of human flesh , beii raerecanibals ; or , whether , naring . advanced a st in progress , we find ourselves chasing the wild dc and buffalo across the prairie of tbe western con runt , or entrapping them by our ingennity , ore gaged in the lowest menial occupations , either d raestic , sedentary or agricultural—our aim is t samp ; or still advancing , we find ourselves engag in the accumulation of wealth by the many metho of civilised life ; in the enjoyment of every luxu at tbe expense of the blood , muscle , and labour millions of onr fellow creatures ; it is the one oi
nipotent law—the prolific source from when arises the various forms of society which char : tense the nations of the earth . We , therefore , t wealth producers— the millions—are the base up which nations can alone be built , and nothing b the want of knowledge * on our own parts caa pi sibly keep us , who are the most useful of ma kind , in the degrading condition of slaves ; and t first evidence of our emancipation will be the < vising of some practical means to secure the fru : of our labour , the want of whioh is the cause labour ' s sufferings , and to effect which is the anxio desire of A . Tt onty Years' Umioms London , January 12 th , 1848 .
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The Will of the Archbishop op York . — proof of bow the modern pastors of Christ ' s flo walk in the steps of those who were taught to reai worldly goods in the service of heaven . This v was made only six weeks before his death , and t original was deposited en the 3 rd instant io the ; chives of tho Prerogative Court of Canterbury . T property of his Grace is thus bequeathed : —T property he purchased at Culham and Baldon , Oxfordshire , adjoining to the Nuneham estate , i
vised to ; him by the late Earl Harcourt , hs devises such person as may succeed to the Nuneham est ; and lands , and to be subject to the devise in the v of tho late Earl , but to pay out of the Culham pi pert ? £ 40 annually for the endowment of a school Nuneham Courtney . The Earl by his will empo ere < l his Grace to raise £ 15 , 000 for younger chiWt out of the manors , land ? , and estates . In pursuai thereof his Grace appoints £ 10000 to his daught Anne Ilarcourt . To his son George , his successor the inheritance of Nuneham and Stauton Ilareoc
he leaves all hia household property , stores , win and consumable articles at Nunebam , and everythi belonging to him on the premises ( not being hi looms ) , he paying . £ 4000 to the residuary perso : estate . His Grace here observes that , 'it having b < the particular wish of our joint benefactor to whi we are indebted for that inheritance , that a d < park should be kept up there , I hope that my succ sor , from regard to his memory and mine , will a tinue in the park a small herd s > i deer , not less ih 200 , there being at present about ivO . ' The boc r . nd pictures in his mansion at Nuneham are fa < scend as heirlooms , with tha inheritance . To i library at Nuneliara he gives such of his boo ] maps , prints , and drawings , atGroavenorsquare a
Bishopthorpe , of which there may not be duplica at Nuneham , and the remainder he leaves to his £ William . The IlarconrS plate , which he describes be very extensive , and the pictures at Nuneham , i heirlooms ; he adds to these the portraits of I Marquis of Stafford and the late Duke of Sutherla nhich are at Biahopthorpe , The pictures wioh Grace fuund on entering the palace at Bishopthor are heirlooms of the see of York *; and his Gn makes an addition to them of the portrait of his I Majesty Kin ? George III . ( by West ) and his o portrait . The pecuniary bequests are as follows To hia sons—Charles , £ 7000 ; Egerton , £ 6000 ; Tfi liiim and Frederick , £ 3000 each ; and Henry a Francis , £ 1000 each ; and to his daughter Am
. £ 7000 . To his grandchildren , namely— Lady Norre the six children of his son Willinm , the seven cl dren of his daughter Louisa , to Jane ( the daughi of bis son Frederick ) , and to his own niece , Lou ; Boethby , £ 1000 each . To others of his family ] Grace had made equivalent presents in his lifetia To his trustees he leaves £ 10 , 000 for Edward , t eldest son of his son William Vernon Harcourt . ' the ministers and churchwardens of the respecti parishes of Bisbopthorpe , Sudbnry , and Nunehai £ 500 for each parish to apply the interest annually Christmas among the poor . To eaeh of hia servan a legacy ; and to his own personal man servant i annuity of £ 100 , and to hia housekeeper £ 600 st-e Hn £ , iof their long and faithful sswioes . All legaci
to be tree of duty . His Grace concludes his w thus : —Infirmities , always more or less experienc towards the close of & long protracted life , have n ce 89 ? . rily connected me more intimately with my de son Egerton than others of my family , he havii been with me on aJJ occasions , and to whom I a indebted for being relieved from various discom tures , to which my important station in tbe chun and the highly responsible duties attached to it . rau unavoidably have subjected me ; and he having u ceaBingly watched my wante , and anticipated n wishes , with an attention my heart fully appreciate but were I to attempt to give utterance to , I shou fail in so doing , I do appoint him my residual legatee and sole executor . ' Dated on the 25 th <
September , 1 S 47 , and signed ' E . Ebor . ' Witness ? by W . Gray , solicitor , York , and one of hia elerki Besides the propertj in the province of York , h : Grace died possessed of funded and personal proper ! within the province of Canterbury which was est mated for duty at £ SO , 000 . This venerable prelate in hia 91 st year , had held the aee of York for a perio of forty years , the annual revenue of which , by th last returns , is given at £ 10 , 000 ; upon his transh tion thereto from the see of Carlisle , in Decembei 1807 , bo was then Dr Edward Venables Vernon ; ba on his subsequently acquiring tho Nuneham an Harcourt property , from the Jafe Earl Harcouri Viscount Nuneham ( which titles are now extinct ) , b obtained the Royal license to use the name of Har
court . West London Akti Enclosurh Association . —A the last weekly meetisg of tho committee of this as sociatioH , at Clark ' s Rooms , lid , Edgeware-road , Mr Pattenden in the chair . iMr George Wiggai moTcd , and Thomas Witrgall seconded , the following resolution which was carried unanimously ;— ' Tha this association having started the great truth , tha all public parks should be lit up at nigkt , in ' stead of being locked up , ( especially when - as it has been proved , bad characters are locked «{ in many of them all night , whilst well-disposed per . sons , having occasion to $ ass through such parks are denied admittance , ) and Her Majesty am Chief Commissioner of the Woods and Forests
Lord Morpeth , having acknowledged such truth ty causing the entrances to the Bird-Cage Walks to b < open all night , tho lights along such walks to be lef burning ; and furthermore , causing gas to be lai < down along that important line of thoroughfare through such park , which leads from Berkeley-street Berkeley-square , Piccadilly , to the Bird-cage Walks aforesaid , it ta the opinion of tbis meeting , that th < thanks of this association are due both to Her M& jesty jind Lord Morpeth for such recognition of a common sense principle , more especially when they recognised it at a time when the peop lo , with thai stupidity which is ever characteristic ot Englishmen , when anything ia proposed for their good , were the first to oppose it , by predicting tbat the opening oi
pub ' ic parks at night would be productive of crime , which experience has convinced them , existed only in their own imaginations . The thanks of this meeting are therefore given for the services aforesaid , and with a hope , that ere ' . long the freedom granted to St Jamea'a Park , will be extended to every other public park , including Hyde Patk , which , ? with Kensington Gardens in juxta position with it , forms eaci night one vast and intolerable enclosure , eight miles in circumference , in the midst of populeus towns . On the motion of H . D . Griffiths , the Queen and Lord Morpeth were elected honorary members for the services in nnestion . thoueh not without 80 me
opposition as regarded the slection of the Queen , it being deemed something extraordi / iary to recognise the services of royalty in that way , After a vote of thanks to Sir Benjamin U * U »/ ba donation to the library , and the transaction of other business , the meeting was adjourned till the following Monj&y at half-pas J seven for eight . , ^ " A Esatt Sea . —A dandy at Dover was lispWi out hia wish to cross to Calais , ' But , ' &aid he , > I am terribly afraid of the consequences , should tbare be a heavy sea . ' 'You may be sure there will , Sffd a byslander , for if you go there could not Wa greater swdl in the Channel , ' * ?•
Coiqitiai Ana .Fomgin
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DEATH OF A PATRIOT . TO THE EDITOR OFl HE HOBTUEBN STAR . Sin , —It is with deep sorrow I have to record in your journal of this day , tie death of Mr Thomas Sidaway , which took plnce on Monday morning , the 3 rd instant , at Salisbury , in the county of Wilts . The decensed was a Radical of the old school , snd a disciple of Mr Henry Hunt , of whose principles be was an ardent and talented admira . Ever since the memorable massacre in Peterloo , in 1819 , ho has devoted hi » time , tnient , and cash ^ towards spreading those sacred principles contained in the People ' s Charter .
The deceased was a resident for fifteen years in the city of Gleucester , and carried on an extensive business act a nail and ckaiu manufacturer In that town , where Faction , ofter a battle of ton yeLre , succeeded In compelling him to emigrate to France , to seek tbat exlster . ee abroad , the kind and Christian middle classes of Gloucester denied him at home . Mr Sidawny was a member of the Gloacester Political Union is 1830 , where he stood almost single-handed in defence of R ¦ dical reform . He was tbe last member left in that body . The deceased was the proprietor of tho Magnet , Uition-• treet , and was the founder of the Chartist Association , fer wh ch he was a doomed man . At the general election of 1840 he dtclared hie vote for Froit , Williams , and Jones , which , of course , was refused .
He wag a member of the Uiiltnrian connexion , and suffered aproeecution for Church-mteB in 1838 . His address at the Tolcey , or Town Hall , will be long remembered by the defenders of Church and State in the town of Gloucester . When in France , Mb mita and speeches were always in defence of Ri ' trht against Mighf . He was No . 2 in the National Land Company , Rouen branch . His card bears date Mijl 3 tb , 1815 . On account of a depression of trade , he returned to England , and was eounting the days , numbering each day as one nigher hit emancipation—be having purchased a share for a widowed daughter , which was drawn last Ballot , and upon which be wbb preparing to ge when the time for location arrived .
The deceased waB only fifty-three years old , and has left a widow on a bed of sickness to deplore his lossalso two children , a daughter , and Mr John Sidaway , the le : tarer , whoseable and talented lectures in behalf of the Land and Charter , have so often been applauded in France and England . The deceased was a Radical to his deatb . A few hours prior to his exit from this world , he reqtif sted his son to rend from the-Star the speech of M . Bukounine , the RuBBian patriot . He died without a groan , and gave up his spirit to bit Maker . His remains were interred on Sunday , at St Martin ' s Church , Salisbury . He was borne to the grave by his friends and brother Land men , by whom he was much respected . His rtligious and political enemies bear testimony to tbe excellence of his character , and regret his oudden exit from amoDg them . CoEKEProNDENT . Salisbury , January 10 : h , 1848 .
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• Why do you use so much tobacco V eaid an En- glisdraan to an American , the other evening , ' Because I chews / was the reply . I j
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TO THE MEMBER'S OV THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . Mr B . Robertson , of Plymouth , in addressing you last week , calls it an injustice for the majority of the allottees on an estate to have the power of dismissing the teacher . It is , in my opinion , a wholesome nnd necessary rule ; far it is well known , there are many , who , without power , would fain ' lord it over their fel . lows' because they have education , from wbich it is nothing but just to infer , tbat nuch would be tyrants if vested with u little brief authority . I trust tbe allottvcs on each of the Company ' s eBtates will always bavo sufficient control over their teacher , and , indeed , I have very little fe « r of a majority exercislog it improperly . His reference to a stven years demand for our schools , would lead me to believe tbat his calculations wera based on the Msltbusiaa doctrines ; but knowing , as I well do , that he is no admirer of them , I am at a less to discover how he has arrived at such conclusions . With
more than a msdest doubt , be states , if the schools were rent free , ' the directors would not be overwhelmed with applicatious from men of real capacity . ' It may be to , but how is it that , at the present moment , with all the difiktihies and injustice pourtrayrd bjr Mr R . ( taring him in the face , there are men applying to the directors for the schools , some of whom are not his inferiors as teachers , ani ! more are his superiors—men of many jears' experience , with testimonials of thoir ability and worth as teachers—men who &r years have conducted their school : on tbe same principles about to be adopted iu the Companj ' s schools—a purely secular education ; men who are so confident of their own qualifications as teachers , that they have offered to undergo any examination , public or private , that may be deemed requisite by the directors—men who have ever Identified themselvis with democracy , and struggled to spread its principles , without once attempting to dominetr over parties with whom they were associated , because t&ese parties were not so highly educated as themselves ?
Being persenally known to lhous&i < ds of the Company as a teacher , has urged me to make these observations . It is well known , that in any city , town , or village in the kingdom where I bare rcsidtd , I have inrsriably received a proportionate share of business , which is the most convincing proof of real capacity , and so confiJent am I of success that I am eager to rtcelve orders from the dirtctors to prepare for commencing my labours , perfectly satitficd that it is a holy and a whole-6 ome doctrine , and a truly djmocraticone—thatteacbers are liable to be brought to an account for neglect of duty , &c , with a full agsurance that the mnjorlty of any borfy placed on our estates will not condemn without a just cause . Faithfully yours , P . J . O'Brien , agent for Exeter , English mercantile and mathematical teacher , of nearl y thirty jears' -Btanding , and ProfeBeor of nsueie .
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Janaua T 6 . - 1848 . - . -,.-,. -. ¦ THE NORTHERN STAR , _ - . ¦ j T
Untitled Article
TO THE MINERS OP NORTHUJIBERLANB AND DURHAM , Fellow Men , —A few weiks ago I appealed to you , through the medium of that patriotic journal , the NoerBEBW Stab , relative to the necessity of again being organised for the protaction of your labour , and to secure more and better protection for your personal liberty . That appeal , I am proud to eay , ha » been responded to in a very handsome and energetic manner . V . ry many have been , thereby , led to inquire into the way the Law Fund is intended to be conducted , and very many h » ve paid down their shilling , and enrolled themselves as members thereof . To those who desire to be made
acquainted with the mode of carry ing out the plan , I beg to state , that so soon as 1 , 000 members are enrolled , and the entrance money , one shilling per quarter , paid in advance , then the committee will be chosen to enter into such arrangements with W . P . Roberts , solicitor , as will enable that gentleman to take proper steps to keep an agent in this neighbourhood , and to attend himself pereonally , when necessary ; but parties ought to bo aware that the sooner the number is made up , the better to them . I would say , let us have a long pull , a strong pull , and a pull altogether , without which the results are too well known , Yours , < fcc , M . Jude ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 15, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1453/page/7/
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