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O MR. GHAS^^AV^N DUFFY .
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Sir , —Standing . upon y ^ ur su periority of rack or . pationy ^ u -ii ave hitherto abstaineifrom'iii ^^^ i ^ iSSartBfc TnoveHient ic . Eflglandi otoasft ^ BLlban would sui t the taste of your i ^ stferej-and this course I was willing toratWbutela the fact , tha t , like others ; you had seen Hie necessity of confining your exertions to the single question . of Ireland ' s . regeneration , a policy , . which , though sbsurd and narrow-minded , furnished a partial , though not a satisfactory , excuse for your ignorance of the policy of the English Chartists . "
Having , however , J discovered , from your letter to Mr Mitchel , that you had been watching ^ Chartist movements , and that you had ve ^^^ igoh tHe-fublication of your reasons for ^^^^ fe g from their policy , i undertake to -r ^^^^^ ltat paragraph in your letter wh iclv ^^^ articularly refers to the movement ^^^ pd y .. ' * . Y 9 % ^^^^^| - % rople to comment ; upon tn rvoys ^^^^^^^ tions contained"in -the € leven ^^^^ :-i ) ffy Ollr letter , in every sentenf ^ ggsgB ^ tJ&reJsa retreat from
ria-. tioriaiityWdB ^® ua 1 i 8 in ; because , although ^ dmrtti ^ Hej slpifc support . that the national . cause -ol Ireland can receive from the adhesion of a fen Landlords yeu have named , and that aoly to an extent which would serve their own interest , you are , nevertheless , " prepared . to ¦ p lace the- national cause in abeyance , voiir jpresent policy being to defer to the prejudicea « of fie few who may be worthy in the upper ; aiid middle classes , while you acknowledge &Gt&j 3 ! te generally and irretrjeKagiy corrugi ^ ndtostaeiotbe ^ itionairt ^ jse ^ : v ; i _ _; ¦;¦ ¦
You adffi 2 f the Landed GenfaytG & 4 % lthout public spirit and shockingly selfish ; yet , although " one swallow does not make a summer , " you would merge thosa general obstacles and disqualifications in the good to be achieved by the toleration of 3 few , whom you liave named , and whose adherence to the popular cause but increases the resistance and -opposition of the great bulk of their class ; and you declare your hopelessness of winning them to nationality . How then , I ask . in the face of . such a temporising policy , can you peruse your ezciting poems , illustrative of self-reliance , and your fiery articles , declaratory of the principles of nationality , disregard of classe ? , and / hopelessness of their conversion ?
Your conundrum about the spirit and cor-• ruption , the meanness and valour of the middle classes , contained in your second proposition , is too deep te admit of solution , further than » tbat you have ventured to supply from your \ reference to ' 82 . ' 9 S used to be your talismanic era , your conjuring reminiscences ; but you appear to be so hopelessly ignorant of the history of the most important era of that country to whose regeneration you were prepared to devote your whole energy , that I cannot marvel at your ignorance of the more recent history of En £ - 'iish events , at which you appear to have been squinting since the birth of Chartism .
It is criminal in an Irish writer—and espevciallv « n him who assumes the province of " ' leading journalist '—to be ignorant of the fact , that the greatest blow ever struck at Irish liberty was the blow she received from those very ¦ middle and upper classes in ' 82 , who halted at the change beneficial to their own order , and refused to march onward with the national forces for the achievement of nationality . Perhaps you are not aware that Charletnont ' s answer , when called . on by the volunteer soldiers , the Catholic army of Ireland , for a « FFJFJ ,. FREE . AND K 4 TR
REPRESENTATION OF TfJE . WHOLE PEOPLE IN THE COMMONS ' HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT , " was / "That any change in the Constitution , advocated by the Irish Volunteers , should be based upon tlie principle of PROTESTANT ASOENDANCY . " Perhaps you are not aware , that , so great vasthe enthusiasm of an Irish Catholic Volunteer named Kirwan , who kept the sign of the « Old Goat , " that he substituted , for . "
Hir-< Hsar'& 3 . ^ IiIeBgtii ' pahitiDgiof ' - tore € fiatIP ' iiioin-inins volunteer regimentals , and that , ugQiflearhing the answer of the Generalissimo to the Volunteer deputation , the said Kirwan resolved upon displacing the Generalissimo -and resuming the " Old Goat ; " and so anxious was he to testify his abhorrence of the General ' s treason , that , not being able to secure a new " Old Goat" in time , he painted , under ± O 3 regimental Volunteer General booted and sparred , " THE OLD GOAT REVIVED . "
In vour third proposition , you admit that the agricultural class constitutes the whole strength of the nation , and yet you are prepared to paralyse the nation ' s nerve , lest the -developement of its united strength might give offence to the oppressor . Out upon such rubbish . Surely you cannot hope to follow the old system " of teaching and unteaching , of saving and unsaying , of exciting and
subduing in one breath , of creating and destroying , of elevating and debasing . This is the system from which Ireland requires to be relieved , and never within the same space was there a larger amount of temporising policy , or a more complete recantation of former principles , than is contained in your letter in reply to Mr MitchePs honourable reasons for abandoning vour policv .
In order that you may have easy reference to that paragraph in your letter with reference to Chartism , I here reprint it , — ' ' And I instanced the Chartist movement in England as a case in point , illustrating the hepeless errors of such a course ^ When the English Radicals first deianr . dtd the Charter , they impeded the law—held torch ii ^ ht meet , iujs— ran upon the b inks—interrupted all astonhlics not held for C ?« ii'tift parpoj«—proclaimed a cojiisg revolution , which never came—and , finally , with substantial wrongs to be redressed , and led by men , among whom ¦ were some of the purest public virtue , fell into division a :: J weakness , which laEted for years ; a result which tUelr own leaders now attribute to tnijjatcn tactics , and from which they have learned the moral of au altered &ni more deliberative policy . "
Now , Sir , you have ventured upon six assertions , five of which are wholly and entirely false . Firstly . —The Chartists did not impede the law ; they braved the delusive and capricious exposition of the law , and they preferred all the punishment that its unjust administration -could inflict , to the surrender of their right to the fearless expression of their opinions as guaranteed by the constitution . They did not , -and they have not , retracted in 1848 anything that they had spoken . that they had written , or -subscribed to , in 1842 or ' 43—thej-eara of your most pompous effusions . No ; they preferred the dungeon , solitary confinement , and the tread-wheel—solaced and cheered by their
• attachment to principle—to the surrender of that principle—until , after six skirmishes with -the law in an eight days' contest at Lancaster , the law in their person achieved a triumph over injustice , and from that hour to the present , the law has been pared of its extraneous fangs , and the free expression of public opinion is not only tolerated but defies persecution . Had the Chartists recommended the abolition of railways , and the interruption of the progress of military troops , ia 1843 , they would not so far have dishonoured their cause , as to renudiate the same principle in 1848 . And had they placed ' S 8 upon ttffcir banners as characteristic of a bloody revolution , no change , rendered necessary by the expediency of class , ¦ would have induced them to strike that motto
-from their banners . Secondly . —They did hold torch-light meetinjjs , but of that the law was more toierant than the proprietor of the Nation , because its expounders never considered it an infraction of aav of the law ' s provision ? . No man was prosecuted for attending a-torch-light meeting ; no accident occurred at a torch-light meeting ; while you appear ignorant of the cause which led to the necessity of holding torch-light meetings . It arose from the fact of the i * Yee-trade manufacturers ( for the support of whose cause one hundred guineas were paid rom the impoverished Irish Exchequer , ) bar *
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ring up and caging their slaves , in'ihei " rattle-boxes" at those hours iriien they would have otherwise cheerfully attended ; -in-, door meetings ; the torch wa 3 thej " : * SjeSilr monitor" which struck terror to the hjeartSof ; the oppressor ,. ' arid , while it waved in " the liffdSt ; of property created by the bearer , its unjti ' sif possessor had a wholesome respect for the ii ^ of him who carried it . Hence , neither soldi #£ nor-police ever tlared-to interfere-with- those nn !? tin and pomnrr tlin ;> . 1 n « na t £ ; -r £ u ~ i
who had the arms of self-defence " ih their possession . I attended , those mel ? tfbgs with scarcely any exception , and ' by their'influence we were enabled to disseminateouvprinciples with a rapidity which would , otherwise have required years to accomplish . I have witnessed over I 5 O , < KH ) able bodied men spreading over three miles ' of ahigh road in a torch-li g ht procession ; ndn ^ bent upon the destruction of property , but ; all simultaneously , imbued with the ' netionthat ^ those who created it should not
be alone destitute outlawed * £ ad persecuted / . VTh ^ yJr ^ i n ^ otl ijts ^ an £ Si' ^^ 0 ^| . -Qisa ^ i only £ aye : tfie ^ n 5 ^ n ? g fo ^^ f ^ lJut | pv * notion- ^ asnever entCT ^ nOT ^^' r aBm ' jHi'hile you appear to forget the admonition of your great master , iu 1833 ; to the Irish people , to make 3 simultaneous run upon the Irish banks . And , if such a course had been considered necessary for the accomplishment of freedom , would it have been as great a violation of justice for a man to ask for his own money as it would be to destroy the property of another vested iii railroads , or other property , as recommended by you ?
In truth , sir , you ' remind me of the ad v - cate who mistook the plaintiffs' for the defendants * case ; as it was your new aliie ? , the middle classes , that interrupted those meetings , where the principles of national independence were urged in opposition to a Free-trade policy , which was only calculated to confer benefit upon the speculating class . I defy you to point out one single instance where the Chartists in ^ terrupted a public meeting ; while you are either ignorant of the fact , or you have forgotten it , that the Morning Chronicle and other Free-trade journals exulted in the savage brutality with which the police were hounded upon those who dared to express their honest
opinions—that those journals boasted , that , upon a working man rising to propose an amendment , he was dragged down by those bludgeoned rascals—maintained by his industryamid the jeers , the howls , the scoffs , the cuffs , and the kicks of the privileged order , and , after being maltreated , rolled in the gutter . Our motto was " Hear if you are heard—strike if you are struck , " and as , in every single instance the Chartists constituted the majority at those meetings , will you inform us by what law the minority were justified in ill-treating them ? The Chartists of England are not compelled—and I trust never will be compelled—to submit to that dictatorship by which the Ianguage and action of all are to be measured .
Will you point out one line written , or one sentence spoken , by a Chartist during the most exciting years of 1 S 37 , ' 3 S , ' 39 , ' 40 , ' 41 , ' 42 , or ' 43 , confirming the assertion that a revolution was proclaimed—that a revolution was advocated—or that a revolution was even anticipated ? Have you so soon forgotten your monster meetings ' of 1843 ; your threats of defiance , your national courage > the amount of physical strength capable of taking the field ; the manufacture of a million pikes in a week , and " Ireland for the Irish ? " "Why , it was for the
advocacy of this wild policy that O'Connell- was e <«*» pelled to denounce J 0 Ji % g . S ^^ 8 # ^ " trmmpfi your recahtStfoifcWj ^ ven totes memory , his judgment , and his caution . You were then the stern opponent of all class interest—you are now the convicted panegyrist of individual prejudice . Is this the way to teach a nation how to redeem her liberty , and will not the altered tone of the prosecuted Destructive alarm those who are now taught that they must unlearn their teaching and commence a new course of education ?
Mark , sir , what my motto was with regard to resistance . This was my teaching —• " Moral power is that deliberative quality within each man ' s mind which teaches him how to reason , how to endure , and when forbearance becomes a crime ; and should its fullest exercise fail to secure for him all those privileges to which , as a freeman , he is entitled , and should physical force be required , WHICH GOD FORBID , it will come to his aid like an electric shock 5 but the man who recommends it , is either a knave or a traitor ,
AND WILL BE THE FIRST TO DESERT IT . " Now , sir , I may ask if the concluding words of my motto , are not characteristic of YOUR present position ? Finally , and lastly , sir , there was no division in the Chartist ranks , which diminished its numbers by more than the single deserter who preferred free Trade gold or Tory patronage , to the cold bone of Chartism ; and for
every individual who abandoned the ranks , there were thousands . ready to take his place we could spare such shepherds while the flock remained iu the fold . When five hundred leaders were consigned at one time to tiie dungeon , five thousand sprung up as if by magic to supply their place—and hence we witness the novelty of a national army being able to supply generals from its ranks at a minute ' s notice , while the loss of one in Ireland has thrown the national forces into
confusion . Can you show me any other national party in England but the Chartist party ? Can you point out one single instance in which they have retracted their former opinions , or abandoned their cherished principles ? While your Irish juggle has been one continuous scene of fast and loose , hot and cold , yielding and obstructive policy ; the Nation being foremost in the creation of unnatural excitement when there was profit in supplying the demand , and , now that Free Trade policy has equalised trade , it is the first to merge into the emollient system .
The leaders have made no alteration in their policy ; and , if they have learned wisdom from the past , it has taught them how to despise expediency , how to distrust professions , and how to guard against treachery , lam , Sir , Your obedient servant , Snig ' s End . Feargus O'Connor .
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S SCOTCH TOUB . > I beg to assure my Scotch friends that I have only postponed replying to their , several applications , in the hope that I should be able to pay a flying visit to the . " Landp " . Cakes / but the fact is , that the absolute necessity for the closest attention requisite in the commence ' raent of laying out a . new estate , especially a ? to roads , sites , contracts , procuring materials , and seeing to a fair start , is so > monopolising every moment of my time , that I . aro compelled to . leave tha management of my own affairs- to
the integrity of a working man ; andrl ;^ tast * when I inform my Scotch friends " < $ j at my absence during the recess would not . only have delayMour operations , but might fiave cost thdijigompany some thousands , that they will par ^ o ^ -tqe . There is another cause for .. my ! aSience ^ hich , though a secondary . one wita me , would , I dare say , be a primary ocie with them . It is tbis—that , from a fortnigb t before ' the ^ ession of Parliament closed , up to ; ttie
week-before last , I was utterly incapable 0 undertaking a journey , while every week I was in hopes of better health ; in fact , I had an attack of the influenza which nothing but the pure country air would have cured- More , over , winter is not the most fitting time to undergo transitions from heat to cold—and } therefore , I place myself at the disposal of my Scotch friends the moment that release from
Parliamentary duties shall enable me to redeem my pledge . Feargus O'Connor .
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IRISH CONFEDERATION . (( From the Nation- ) At the anniversary meetins of the Irish Confederation held in Dublin , Mr James Leech , who represented the Confederates of Manchester , delivered the following address : — Mr Leech , of Manchester , was then introduced to the meeting . He was very warmly greeted on presanting himself , and said . Mr Traynor had told them that he was an Englishman , with Irish blood in his veins . He ( Mr Loeeh ) had to tell them that he wis an Englishman , with English blond in his veins- ( cheerB )— but there was Httte difference between the colour of the blood of an Irishman and
that of an Englishman—( hear , hear )—and he thoo » ht there was little difference iudeed in the warmth of the blood of both towards each other . ( Cheers . ) They had heard something of English manufacturers—he would tell the meeting what some of these men were—they would ' flay two iats for the one skin . ' ( Ch ^ era and laughter . ) He knew them well for upwards of thirty years , and he could safely say that they would sacrifice any interest for personal gain . ( Hear , heap . ) It was this class of men who sent members to the House of CommOnB to oppose the interests of Ireland , and not the buggliah people . The people of England were called on to get rid of the parliament 30 constituted , just astae people of Ireland were called on to pet a parimmeDt The
nftheirowninOollpge-greBn . ( Cheers . ) English people could well spare their present parliament , they cohW well afford to make this country a pre 39 ntofit , provided this country had no objection to the bargain , and they would allow her Majesty to come with it to complete the transfer . ^ Loud cheer ? . ) We would prove that a Repeal of the Union would he beneficial to England aa well as to Ireland In Manchester alone there were upwards of 70 , 000 Irish men , women , and children , and of that number upwards of three thousand were receivins relief , besides eight or nine hundred who were in hospital . These people were driven away from the laud of their birth by persecution and misrule , and became a burthen on the English people , and on the Irish resident in England ; and it was only now that
theEngglish people were beginning to see their real position as regards this country . He , aa an Englishman , would be ashamed to stand before the meeting fcbai night on the ground of selfishness—no , he stood there on the broad principles of right which Got ) had given to all men to make laws for their own guidance . ( Cheer ? . ) He was always an advocate for universal liberty , and he-was proud to say that eight years ago he hebed to get up a petition in England for universal freedom—( hear )—that petition was signed by upwards of 8 , 270 , 000 people . ( Hear , hear . ) He helped to paste it together , and it reached over three miles in length . It was carried tothellousa of Commons by eighteen sturdy English , Irish , and Scotch , men . ( Oheera . ) It was for the rights of aniTersal mankind that he advocated liberty ; a&d be would waUaus to do so until Ireland
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M ^ rliamenb herown . ( Cheera . ) Ireland was . in HUs position—she had noeffeckive representation She w » just the same as if the English members were sent over . to France , where they would be overwhelmed mth French and Spanish , and , of eonrso , nwld < j 0 n 0 g 00 < i f 0 r England : and if the present Union continued , It would enslave ( as it had already ) not only the people of Ireland , but the English people also . ( Hear , hear . ) Ireland produced br &er labour and industry food almost sufficient tofeed the empirtf , and yet her peop l e die of hungRrinthe iata « t > * f plenty . ( Hear . ? Such was t&o . effeotof the Union . England was nearly reduced to an-anatogous state from the same cause . England was a manufacturing- country—she produced cloths for all She world and yet the psor artisan . .
, was not able tojmt a coat on bra own back , and while thepresent Union existed there would he no justice for the poer man either in this wuntry or in Smtland . He was a plain blvrifc Englishman , and he spoke plain truths " * not having say pretensions to oratory , but he could tell the meeting , that if Iralarad sought ; it properly , sbe could gain ranch asiastancoiTi ner struggle for nationality , by appealing to the good sense of the Eneliah people—call on them to assist yoti and they will not refti ^ Ireland would have a n . Qworful phalanx jn the people of Enaland > und tho Enehsh government had had a taateof tkakpnalanx before . ( Cheers ) He wag proud b have- the confi . denoe of thousands of Irishmen in MitieEeater ; and hqd long been a repealer—( cheers )— -and he ooold also say that nine-tenths of the people of Eneland
had no power in ehooainaf tho » e whs made laws for them . ( Hear , hear ) If Ireland was in favour of liberty , he would ask why not send better men to make laws for her . ( Uear , hear . ) Liberty never was and never would be given to any nation until it first proved that ifcdesarved it . Jfc was in order to inspire that feelmg that he was thero tbat night , and to ask of them to give up that feolish cry that had been alluded to about Saxon opposition to Irish rights . ( Hear , hear . ) Humble ns he was , he had stood a trial of eight day b in Lancashire for vindicating the rights of man . ( Cheers . ) He gained a victorythe government failed in the prosecution—the juries that were sent to try him and his associates declared that they had a right to meet where and when they liked to proclaim their wrongs , and insist upon their
redress . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) He told them he had a right to test tbe strength of English feeling upon the subject of an Irish parliament . ( Hear . ) A meeting took place a few days since in Manchester ¦ in a large room there , whioh was capable ot , holding twenty thousand persons , and which was filled upon the occasion to which he alluded ; and the resolute and unanimous vote of that assemblape was in favour ofthecanstitutional Repeal of the Union between ihe two conn tries . ( Cries of bear , hear ) He was present at that meetinor , and having Btated that he would be in Dublin this week at the meeting of the Confederation , he asked , what fwould he fell that meeting ? Would he say they were unanimous to a man in conceding Ireland her rights ? There was not a man in the room who did not hold up bis
hands , and he wa ^ sure tbat they would have held up theirlegs , too , if it had been convenient to do so * In or . ler that they might understand that he was telling the truth , let them send over a deputation composed of gentlemen in whom they had confidence . You have such gentlemen . ( Cheers . ) You have Mr Meagher , and Mr Mitchel , and Mr O'Gorman ( Loud cheers ) Although he never saw any of those gentlemen until he came there , still he know them well , for they ware a readine people in England , and they delighted to read in England what those men said and wrote . They had a larger meeting in England in favour of Repeal than they had in Ireland . The people of England have expressed a desire that they would aend over a deputation . That deputation would have tho effect ef snapping that
bond of union whuh kept the people of England and of Ireland from uniting in a league of brotherhood . Some would draw off the surplus population from the bosom of the country as a cure for her evils . What is a < -urplu 9 population ? Why , there is a surplus population in England . The surplus population of a country are the drones which destroy the honey of the bees which their industry had procured . There could bo no Burplus population so long as there were lands whereon to locate the people , and find them employment . It was the drones alone tbat were the surplus population . If the surplus population had only - wisitom , like that little insect , they would n -t have to complain of the beea feeding on the feast of honey which their neighbours procured for them . A Voice , 'Nu . no . '
Mr Leech—Since all men were born equal , who should attempt to destroy the rights or liberties of another ? Un this principle , they never stopped to ask what advantage Repeal would be to Irelandthey looked upon the power of a people to make their own laws as a matter of right . It was a question of right , and , therefore , they had a right to have Repeal . Would not the union of an entire people be better than the union of a class ? Popular rights must eventually triumph over the mercenary views of party . The Um " on was stolen ponds , and the receiver is as bad aa the thief . When one party steals away , and another party takes that which
tney had no right to touch , then is it stolen property . He was one of those who stood there as belonging to a claaa which steocl up for the principle of equality in civil rights throughout the world—he meant the principles of the Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) He would not allow it to bu whispered about that an English Chartist stole a march on the Irish people . There could be no prosperity until Labour waa made tree . II © was one of that order who waa honoured and respected among his countrymen in En / land , because he struggled to obtain the rights—tha universal rights , which belonged to mankind . ( Cheers . )
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Rochester . —Robbery , and Attempted Murduu —At the County Magistrates' Office , Henry Bartlutt and Joseph Bartlett , of the respectiro ages of 30 and 18 , were brought before the Rev . G . D . ivies and J . Smith , Esq ., on a charge of robbery and . assault , The inquiry occupied a considerable time , there buing Beveral witnesses in the case . The prisoners are the sons-in-law of James Henry Storey , landlord of the Lord Hill beer-shopjWe ^ tcourt-street , Chatham , and the offsnee with which they stand charged was committed on the night y of Tuesday , the 13 th inst . The prisoiierR are notoriously bad characters , ; wd were tried at Maidstone about twelve months since for robbing Storey of some silver spoons , of which they were convicted and sentenced to imprisonment . The younger prisoner , on being released from prisonhas
, since been living with hia father-in-law , the elder on <» occasionally coming to the houte ; and within the last fortnight hasalsobeen living there , but sleeping out at night . Shortly after eleven o ' clock on tho night of Tuesday week , the house being clear of customers , the prisoners went from the tap-ronni into the bar , where Storey waa sitting nlone , hia wife , the mother of the prisoners , having left her home on the previous day , inconsequence , as she states , of threats u-ed by her sons towards her . The younger prisoner asked Storey if they might have something to drink . t' > which he replied , they might draw whatever they liked . Theyounger prisoner then drew a pint of beer , and asked Storey to partake of it , which he did , and then asked the son to go down into tbe cellar and tnrn the uas off , saying they would then go to be I .
Ihe gas having beanextinguished , ; Storeylit two candies , and the prisoners , having u ' rat secured 4 he doors , returned to the bar , and bolting the door on the inside , demanded money of him , Storey told them to ? ° mf Promi 9 in S t <> give them a £ 1 . in the morning . They , however , persisted in their demand , and said they would have £ 2 . that night , whioh he however , still refused to give them . Something waa said between the prisoners , which Storey did not distinctly hear , but the younger ons left the bar , and almost immediately returned armed with a bludgeon from which it would appear the attack had been ° pre . meditated , as he had been seen to wrench this formidable weapon from a table in the tap-room at an early hour m the evening , and one end of whioh it appeared had been shaped to tho hand . Having
asjam secured the bar-door , they first knocked Storey a hat off , and then commenced a most brutal assault upon him , striking him several heavy blows on the head and face . They then rifled his pockets of about £ 3 . worth of silver , together with a silver watch . _ Storey begged of them for God ' s sake to spare his life , and called ' Murder' loudly . On this the prii-onera ran into the passage , where one was heard tosay to the other , Give us the pistol ; let us shoot him ; wo shall either be transported or hung ;' to which the other replied , ' No , it ia bad enough . ' The lodgers in tho house having been aroused by the cry of'Murder ! ' hastened down Btairs to the
landlord s assistance , when the prisoners , in their hurry to es-ape knocked one ef the women down in the passaue and made off out of the back part of the house . Mr Weekea , surgeon , wag called to attend Storey , and he stated that he found hjra With five extensive wouuds on the right side of tho head , one of which was nearl y four inches long , and penetrated tn the bone of the skull to the extent of about three inches . He also found very extensive bruises ' and swellings on the left side of the head , the right eye much braued and nearly closed , m \ the tluvd . finger on the lett hand broken . The prisoners made no de . ence , and were committed for trial at the assizes On the charge of robbery aad attempt to raujdei ,
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WoLVKflflAMPiow . —Mr Mantle , of Birmingham , recently delivered a lecture on "the Pr inciples of Democracy . " The lecture gave generaFgatiafaction . DERBt . —Tft « Chartists and L <\ nd mern&era have reeolved to take hi a copy of the Edinbussm ^ eeklt Express , and recommend other localfriaa to do the same . Shobbditch . —Mr Sewell delivered a lecture at the Green Gate , Ilacltney-To ^ d on Sunday week . Arote of thanks was given to Mr S . Gsbbnwicii and Df . siford . —The spirited 6 TraTttsta of this district hare resolved to hold a pufi ?( c meeting for the promotion of Chartism , on theSSth instant , in the lecture-ball , Greenwich , MrKydft , Mr Ernest Jones , and Mr Julian Harney are to be invited to take part in the proceedings .
Tivebtw — At the monthly meeting of the Char , tint AsBscration , Mr Dew rn the chair , it was resolved— ' Tftat collectors be appointed to call on the members wesftly for their aaoscrfptfpns . instead of paying it at tJie monthly meetings 1 . 33 heretofore . ' Some other easiness was transacted , A vote of thanks wasgivaa to tbe cKairajanv and the meeting aaparated . : ¦• ¦ : 'IJSlTtoNAL : PS ? EWOE 8 . '— To ih& € huTl \ sia . - ^ AU Englandisnirer'agog ' abouftthe I&tnHraFDefences , , vrðer ^ ith ^ ofcwithoufc ^ eause , rewafijs-to be Been . Tbe Government pretends to be afrafe ? of an invasion by the Trench , which , I believe , 19 a complete humbug . They must haia some preteneefor strengthening tha fortifications and increasing tho-army . there * fore they cheose the eld bugbear of the- '' French are coming ; ' but in my opinion , the roal cause is , that they are afraid of the increasing power o ? the people , therefore they rake up the old cry of the " French are coming' as an exouee to build ? those fortresge ? ,
and raise more soldiers , by which means tfov hope to stay the onward progress of Democracy .. JTowr bro . ther Chartist ? , as it ia against yon this jmderFiand fire is directed , it is for you to be prepared ' . According to the old maxim , ' Th © way to be at peace ra to bo prepared for war . ' Thereto } e , you omrtifc fi » b « prepared for var , in cas 8 yon are compelled te defend yourselves by physical force . Not that I d ' eapafr of obtaining our rights by moral means , hut I contend that we ought always to be prepared . Look zt Ire' and , we cannot tell how soon they mny attempt to pas 3 an equally villanons law in England . There fore , I propose that all true Democrats ? hall learn the nae of fire-arms , and likewise the art of fencing , the latter in particular God forbid that we should ever have to use our weapons , bot it will do no harm , and may do a great deal of good . Recommending thifi to the consideration of all my brother Chartists , andF hoping they will not be ( as I believe they will pot ) ' bamboozled' by the ' French invasion , ' I remain , yours truly , T . W . G ., Ipswich , January 10 th .
Oldbury . —At a meeting of members of the National Lsttd Company held at ( Mdbury , Mr George Mantle , from Birmingham , delivered a short address on ' the principles of the People ' s Charter . 'in which he showed clearly the duty of every member of the Land Company to join the Charter Association . Hia appeal was responded to by fifteen members , immediately joining and forming themselves into a committee . Mi * Win . Ball was appointed secretary , and Mr Henry Warwood , president . Mr Mantle leetured again the following evening to an overflowing meeting , when we enrolled eighteen more members . On the nth instant , Mr Mantle delivered another splendid lecture . He enrolled nineteen more members , nnd tho meetins separated highly pleased . Mr Mantle deserves well of the Chartists eenerally for the exertion he is cow making to arouse this populous diarict .
Hull —Mr Samuel Parker , of Long Buokbv , recently delivered a lecture in the Freemasons' Lodge , on tha present prospects of the country , and the duty of the people in connexion therewith , Mr Stephens , the chairman , rend the addres s" of the Central Election Committee ; after which , Mr Parker took a review of our present position , and exposed the Froetrade fallacies , the National Alliance , and other crotohets , and concluded a very able lecture by making an appeal to all classes to join in the agitation for the People ' s Charter . A resolution was moved to the effect— ' That it is the duty of the people to organise themselves , and agitate for a full measure of j stice aa contained in the People ' s Charter . ' A vote of thanks havine : been awarded to the lecturer and
the chairman , the meeting broke up highly gratified . Camberwbli , a * i > Walworth . —At the usual wepkly meeting of the Charter Association , held at the True Temperance Coffae-house , No . 10 , East-lane . Walworth , —Mr G . Sellers in the chair—Mr Simpson read the balance sheet in connexion with the Victims fund , and called the attention of the meeting to the Eleeti' » n fund , pointing out the advantages resulting from the contests at the Into elections . The petiiion contained in the Star of Dec . 25 th was then brought under the notice ot the raeetins ; when a resolution was moved by Mr Simpson , and seconded by MrE . Youner , ' That having carefHlly read the petition pre pared by Mr O'Connor , we conaidei it neceasnry that a Convention of the people be called to consider the propriety of adopting it . ' aiT rd . Topmorden .- A number 0 ¦ U motive members of the Chartist and Land Societif « have formed a
debating society . Their aim is , y discussion , to spread political , moral , and scientific Jnforma'tion . They have taken the ante-ronm of the Odd Fellow' 9 Hall for a place of meeting , where they will meet every Sunday night , at six o'clock-. Glasgow . —Chartist Dinner . —On Thursday evening the Chartist club of this city , according to their annual practice , dined together in tbe Albert Hotel . Mr Daniel Pnul occupied the chair , a » d Mr James Moir discharged the duties of croupier . After the removal of the cloth the following toasts were given . By the chairman : — 'The people—the enly legitimate source of political power—may thpy goon obtain their just rights . Air— 'A man ' s a man for a' that . ' ' The People' .- ) Charter—may it soon become the law of the land . ' Air— 'Woelroay the keel row . ' By the
croupier : — ' T . S . Duncorabe , Esq ., F . O'Connor , E-q ., find the other democratic members of tbe Housp of Commons . Air— ' See the conquering hero come ? , ' By Mr Lang— ' Ernest Jones , and the other unsuccessful Chartist candidates at the late election . ' Song— 'Sas bide you yet . ' By the chairman— ' The Chartisms of England . ' By the Chairman—Patrick O'Hiaubs , Esq . and tho Cliavtiata of Ireland . ' Air' Paddy , will ye now , take me while I ' m in the bumour ' , and Song , ' The meeting of the waters . ' By MrBnnnet— 'Messrs Chislome , Pitkethley . andabsent members' Air—Oh , why left I my hame . ' By Mr Ure— ' Messrs Frost , Williams , and Junes , and other exiled patriots—may they soon bo restored t > their countiy , their families , and the cause for which thay are suffarin ? . ' Airs— ' The Exile of Erin . ' and
' There ' s nae luck about the house . ' By the chairman— ' The Chartist press , under whatever name and wherever found—may this mighty eng'Be multiply amongst the people , nnd be found successfully combatting the prejudices of class legislation and ciirbin ? the oppressors' power . ' Two chorus songs , in which the company joined . By Mr Bennet— ' The National Land CompaHy . and sucoessto every scheme fitted to elevate the condition of the people . ' By Mr Walker — ' The health of our esteemed Chairman . ' Air' Old Dan Tucker . ' By the chairman— ' The health of our respectable Croupier . ' Air— ' Auld Lane Syne . ' By Mr Ure— ' Deacon Carae and our Chartist club . ' Airs— Willie brewed a peck 0 ' ir . iut , ' and I'll never get drunk again . ' By the croupier— ' The memory of our deceased members . ' Air— ' The
flowers of the forest . ' By Mr Lang— ' The memory of Hardie , Baird , and Wilson , and the Reformers of their times . ' Airs— ' Scots , wha hae wi' Wallace Weil , ' and 'Draw the sword , Scotland . ' By the croupier— ' The health of our worthy Treasurer , Mr Thomas Aucott , sen ., and may his health soon permit him to join our Thur .-day evening meetings . ' By the chairman— 'Our wives , families , and sweethearts . ' Song— ' The Boys of Kilkenny '; airs— ' Annie Laurie , ' and ' My Wife ' s a wanton , wee thing . ' By the chairman— ' Good night ; ' coupled with' Happy to meet , happy to part , and happy to meet again . ' Final air— ' ( Jod save the people ' ! i It is due to the worthy hoit of the Albert to state , that thearraneementson the occasion were satisfactory in the highest possible degree . Glasq 6 w Chartist Electoral Association . —
r-itiNciptus . 1 . That all men are cq < ial by nature , in respect of civil and religious rights , and that civil distinctions are founded on public utility alone . 2 . That every one contributing to the support of a State is entitled to a voice in its regulations and general procedure . 3 . That every ane actine fir himself , and not as the representative of another , is entitled to exercise hia privilege secretly . 4 . That the representative of others ought to be supported by those whom he represents , subject to thoir control , anO be elected annually . 5 . That intellectual ftud moral character is the only test of htness for the l'Drvresentativeof othersevory district of a country being entitled to the same rights and privileges , they ought to be equally repre-Heutcd . OBJECTS . The bringing forward candidates avowing the aboVe principles to contest Parliamentary and Municipal Elections . And the watching all public proceedings likely t& interest the members , by means of a Coaunittee , of Obseryation , with special powers .
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fitazs . 1 . The AssfccidlioH § iiall be called Ihe ' GUsgotf Chartist Electoral Association , and shall consist o £ all subscribers of not ksa than id . a . month , 1 * . a quarter , or , is . a year , payable in advance , who shall be enrolled associates for ifee term of—their sub * acriptions . And ot a ll doawra of 2-t . Gii and up . wards , who shall be enrolled * associates tor twelrff months from date of donation .
2 . The association shall meet s ? feast once in si * month *; shall be governed by a Geaeral Committee , consisting : of regular subscribers , an ahall be under the immediate direc'ion of an Exeeuti'W Committee , consisting of a president , two vice . preaMents , trea * sorer , secretary , and ten regular subsci ^ rs , to bff obom at the annual general meeting . The Exe « cutiro to meet at least once a month , sevet ) to fora * a quorara j the General Committee to meeS as often aa may be found necessary . 3 . All Committee and Association meetins ? shall be presided ever by tbe preaident , in his absence by ( either of the vice-presidents , and failing theaa , bjr such associate as may be then chosen . i . The treasurer shall receive , diuehareo , nnd bs r&poneibfo for all Association monies paid to hfctt i heyhall keep the roll of members in a book f . r that purpsae , distinguishing between electors acd noo »
eiectew . 5 . fhe secretary shall attend all associate an < 3 conimH&f ) meeting ?? record the namea of the Exe * cutive pAsent at each eommHtee meeting ; correctly * minute t" ? . e proceedings of all meetings , and sea them authenticated by the signature of thechairmaa presiding o ? sr these nwetrnsa . He shall keep all documents and papers belonging to the Association , to be . patent sis all convenient times to the associates . : 6 . The Executive ahall sot incur any expense at 1 their meetings , without tho consent of at least two . thirds of their number then- present . And shall I have H 9 authontjvon any pretence whatever , to in'rolve the associatffin in debt .-% . No alterationrof these rulep to take place pxcepft . sfta General Association Meeting , with at least ona month's previous notice to the Executive o' ; the pronnoAvl ¦ 14 A « ntiAti
ffThVAssociation shall at . e&eh annual general meot&jgsppoint . sever . 'subscriptiouassociatts , t >> be > o CoiBaiitteej ) f ObBerfftl ! 6 ift ' rtowateh altproceeding * affectiBg the public , or likely to-interest the association , wiiich committee aba ] 1 : Have po-wer to order tha secretary to summon extraordinary meeting of tha Executive , to take counsel together as to the propriety of sailing public meetings , either of tha Asscoiation or of the citizens , on any emergencies that may arise * . This Cnmmittsa-of Observation to meet as often so may be found necessary on tbe requisition of any tiro of their number , fihree to be a quorum . Jame 3 MbiB , 174 , Gallowgate , Interim I ' re sident . Jamks ILskg . 101 , Crown-street , Interim Treaiurer . Daniel PiuL . 89 , Crown-streat , Interim Seerttary . Persons c ! esirou * of becoming members of the above Association . will be admitted by applying to any of the office-bearers .
S ? ocktom-om-Tkes . —MrGeorge Webber or H ahfax , addressed a meeting of the friends of Domocraoy of this town , oa the 5 th inst ., in- the Odd Fellows ' Lftdge Room ' .- Mr Webber described ia an elegant and feeling manner , tbe privations and hardships tar which the worliing chases of this country are subjected , and urgently exhorted the meeting to enrol themselves members of the National- Charter Asao * ciation , as the obIy means of achieving their political and aacial emancipation . A vote of thanks waa awarded to Mr Webber .
Manchester . —Pkowji a iNSTiiUTfl .. —&th January , 1848 . Mr Grocott in tho chair . The meeting wag commenced by thechairman reading 31 ? O'Connor ' s letters from the S-jar , which elicited repeated applause . Notice waa then given , thai Mr James Leach , of this town ,.-would lecture in' this llall on Sunday evening , the 16 th , which announcement wasv received with rapturous cheers . The chairman thea introduced Mr Thomas Rankin ? , who > delivered a splendid lecture , which waa most enthusiastically cheered .
Stocki-orx —A meeting of the electors ard nonelectors of this borough , took place in the hall of tha Lyceum in Wellington street , onWednesday evening , January 5 th . The- meeting waa called for seven o ' clock , but long befure that hour the- hall wna ernsydQd to excess . About half-past sevjfl , Mr J . West , the late candid&e ior the borough , entered the ball , and was received with loud and continued applause . As soon aa ailence was obtained , Mr J . Wragg , an elector , waa unanimously ca 4 ied to the chair . Mr West on coming forward , was main received with loud applause . He addressed the meeting on the past , present , and the future pro < peot 3 of the country , and tbe principles contained in the People ' s Charter . He also urged upon the tl Cora to return a man pledged to the Charter , assuring
them he was the mau who would stand nobly und manfully by them . Several questions were asked by an elector on the currency and the Land questions , which Wr West answered satisfactorily . Mr Adam Hur 3 t , nn elector , then moved the followirg resolotion : — ' That we , the electors and non-electors , in public meeting assembled , after hnvina heard tha principles of Mr ' Weston this and forafrroccasions , agree to do all in our power to secure hia return by all legal and peaceable means , as we think him a fit and proper person to represent the interest of this borough in the Commons House of Parliament . 'Mr C . Gurdy seconded the resolution , which waa carried unanimously . Votes of thanks were given to Mr West and the chairman , which were carried by acclamation . The meeting separated after giving three cheers for Mr . West .
Bethnal Green . —Mr Clark delivered a very brilliant lecture at the Barley Mow , on Sunday , Jan . 7 6 th , to a numerous and respect-able audience , showing the right of every man to be in possession o £ the political franchise , showing the injustice of men laving no voice in tho making of laws whioh they were called upon to obey , and having illustrated in a very forcible manner the evils of a State Churcb . he concluded an address of two hours'duration by cailii !? on the working men of England to unit- ? acd subscribe their pence to enable tbe advocates of the Charter to eo on in the good work of redemption .
Northumberland and Durham . —A district delegate meeting of members of the National Charter Association was held in the house of Mr W . Gilroy , Cross Keys , West Ilolborn , South Shields , on Sunday , January 16 th , when the following places wera represented by delegate *;—Newcastle , Mr M . Jude ; Sunderland , Mr II . llainea ; Bijbopwennr . outh , Mr W . Debbie ; Jarruw , Mr J . Mitchell ; N . Shi . Ws , Mr J Pratt ; S . Shields , Mr W . Gilfilian ; Mr J Prattia the chair . The following ie ? olutions were passed : ¦—' That tho secretnry be instructed to write t . > Mr Doyle , urging the propriety of ser , ding Mr J . West into these counties , as set forth in tbe address of tha
Executive Committee of the Charter Association ia last week ' s Star . ' ' That the secretary be instructed to write to all the localities in these counties where any sign of Chartism exists , apprising them of tha utility of joining this district iT ^ anisntion . ' 'That the next district delegate meeting will be held at No . 5 , Nomber ' s Ganh , Sunderland , on Sunday a ' tornoon , January 30 th , at two o ' clock , when the correspondence of Mr Doyle and Mr West will enable the lecturers to draw out the route of tha lecturer . ' A vote of thanks wa 9 unanirnou > l > passed to the chairman lor his able and impartial conduct ia the chair . ¦¦ .
Woi ' . VEiiHAMPTON . —At the usual weekly meeting of the Chartist society , Joseph Linney delivered a lecture on the 3 ix points of tho l eoplt ' d Cbavter , which , gave great satisfaction . After which a resolution was passed ; proposed by Jos . Linuey , and seconded by John Rowley , 'That we hold a delegate meeting at Oldbury , on Sunday , Janunry 30 ih , at ten o ' clock in the mornins , to form "W . dverhamptor , Bilston , Walsall , Dud !^ , Oidbun ' . Smethwick , and Birmingham , into a district . ' Our Oldbury Mends must provide a place of meeting . Wolverhampton Chartiss quarterly meeting on Sunday next , January 23 rd , at six o ' clock .
Greenwich ami Deptford —At the Chartt-fc Meeting Room , G 9 , Butcher Row , Deptford . on January 17 th , Mr S weetlove in the chsdr . The chairman introduced Mr Tapp , who delivered a very instructive and eli quent lecture en ' Democi ' j-Cf and the rise and fall of nations . ' At the close of the Iceture , the following resolution was proposed by Mr Morgan and seconded by Mr Paris : — 'That tsis meeting recommend to the executive ot the National Charter Association , to issue a weekly address through the columns of the Northern Star , headed 'Political lessons for the People . ' Carried . A vote of thanks was given to the lecturer and chairman , and the meeting separated .
Nonwicn . —At a meeting of the members of this branch , held en Sunday evening , January IGth , for the purpose of hfarins ; a lecture from Mr Barber . Subject ,: — ' The bunttits that would accrue tiom Sunday school teaching , and ajter giving a clear and lucid exposition of the principles ut Sunday schoola , the following resolution was agrted to : — ' That this meeting approves , af the plan to establish a Sunday school , and that we elect a committee of seven to draw up rules io lay before a g eneral meeting of their body . ' A matins will be IuW next Sundav evening at half past s ! x u clock . JliasuDject for ' discu ^ lon will'be on Oo-opevation . ' suggested by JGilbertBon of Carlisle , when all ore r equested
National Victim Ccm . OTk . -The secrent ) , Mr John Simpson , has received for this fund t » o * h - limp from tho Westminster locality . «««*«» » " - p 1 . i- . 'V Ilr . mea oil * TlltiU , illoO Mr T . Otok , 2 .. ( H .. . fl »» " . ''SL WtaV & iir ^ trc ^ rvwsss- - W -0 » SMda , ™« « , |» Jones lectured in the large rootftot the Sir Walte . Soott , oa ths recent Paaie , its causes aua it fcffost 8 i ' V iii , » Ilwa . —The Chartisig are requested to meet at tna Ship Inn , Church-lane , ea Sunday evening , Jac < u > atsix / ulos k , .
O Mr. Ghas^^Av^N Duffy .
O MR . GHAS ^^ AV ^ N DUFFY .
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THE ASSES AND THE HORSES . The following bray is from the Cheltenham Chronicle . Chartist Procession . —Yesterday morning some stir was created in the town by the arrival c > f a procession , which had be n previously announced in hand-bills as connected with Feargus O'Connor and " the People ' s land Scheme . " The train consisted of a number of waggons filled with household furniture , wheat , potatoes , agricultural implements , and families of settlers , on their « ay to the Chartist estate at ' Snig ' s End" There were about thirty horses in the teams-sleek , well conditioned animals , but destined , we fear , to present a very different appearance after under-oins a few months connexion with the system of Chartist farming .
Asses—You could not have brayed a greater number of lies in the same space . There was not one bag of wheat , there was not one hag of potatoes , there was not one settler going to the new estate and the horses that were fattest and sleekest , were those that had been longest engaged in the drudgery consequent upon buMn houses for the Chartists . Yours , dear Hi , Haw , Haw , One of thb Chartist Thiller Horses
¦Whw—Nw ¦— Iii-N \Mmtmmmmam I Iimfllww—1——Bw C&Aritst Snteilkimm ™ -"≫*
¦ wHW—nw ¦— iii-n \ mmtmmmmam i iiMfllWW—1——BW C&aritst SnteilKimm ™ - " >*
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N RY « MR O'CONNOR ' of VOL- XI . ? 53 £ LONDON , SATURDAY , JANUA ^ , 1848 ™ OT ~ fm *™«« ¦ . .. . . .-. ¦; ' . w * xuw ' Five Shilling . nn « 5 Sixveace per ^ carter l \ , fl > / VrTV \ T \ Tr \ l >> C < ennmnn mriTTTi Li ~ ' " immm »
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CAUTION . TO THE LAND MEMBERS . For the one hundredth time I am driven to the necessity of cautioning all persons against the supposition that I can supply them with work ; and I now announce my resolution not to be influenced in the employment of any individual , except hylhis capability . Sometimes thirty , forty , and fifty persons will call upon me for employment—some all but enforcing their right as being members ; and to others to
whom unfair expectations have been held out , I have paid money in various instances , amounting to a pound , ten shillings , or five shillings , and therefore this notice shall be conclusive , which is as follows : — " That all carpenters requiring icork shall apply to Mr Cullingham , foreman ; uU sawyers to Mr Goatman ; all bricklayers to Mr Jones ; all stone masons to Mr Griffiths j all labourers to Mr King ; and carters only to mysel f , as the power o appointing to that situation I do not depute to any other person" I will mention a
circumstance that occurred last Saturday . Two carpenters , named Wm . and Thos . Carter , who stated they had been recommended by Mr Doyle , came a great distance and applied for work . I told them that that was Mr Oullingham's department , and that he would be here on the following morning , and if hands were required , I had no doubt they would be employed . [ These men were . ballotedg | or tjiis ; f ££ glg ! sSnd because I did"Sot thirilc ' | tfo )) er I ' d pat them to work forthwith , they went off in a huff and sold their two four-acre shares for less
than a tenth part of their value ; however , to show even those refractory gentlemen that I can return good for evil , and that I am more solicitous about their welfare than they are themselves , I have redeemed their certificates —will repay the money they received upon them—and before the 1 st of May I will guarantee them lOOl . each , for their allotments , instead of the pitiful price at which their hot tempers induced them to part with them . I merely
mention this fact , not thinking it necessary to give any the slightest explanation about employing or refusing to employ parties , in order tnat their neighbours may understand the whole merits of the case . In fact , the most disagreeable part of my whole work is that of being obliged to refuse employment to those who apply for it ; while , were I to answer one in every ten of the long letters . I receive asking for employment , my whole time would be occupied .
Another subject upon which I have to complain of is this—that parties write to me offering to come here and take the several jobs at reduced wages ; of course I never answer those letters , for , although I am aware that the dismissal of numerous hands from the several railways has led to diminished wages , through increased competition , yet I am so far favourable to labour , that I have not , and shall not , reduce the prices previously given . Feargus O'Conxor .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 22, 1848, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1454/page/1/
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