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GBLBaaArED TDaocoupcr tse globe. HOLLOWAY'TOINTMENT.
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CURE OF FISTCLOrs ^ BS ^ D ^ B ^ RIST . ^ * stract s MtMleyT / SS . ^ mbCr ! rd > 1 S * ' To P rofessor HoIlo ^ J . Schoolmaster of this Sic . -MrTaoa . pfun , - Nawon ticn , ,. ef his son town , *«** f ™ S tort *» ?« r . andahalf , ani has rewbo bad been bad for t « rw ^ Bf your p iJU r . nd ctired ^ e ^^ fV ^ rofalons coa . UtaUon ;^ pleunsy Oiatmeat . He is of * ecr in ^ . chcEt and Aad left - ^ M 'JS wp tbroogb the -vales ol the ££ n " d"SdK il . r ^ & «« lo « . ore . -M * f-^ r « d Urge quantities of pu « . when he was induced to « SSpau 2 n * ointment . » t this dats he-was » ppa-M U ?" nadrinff conditioa ; the . tomach rejected _ everr-Sta ^ si took . Your piUB and ointment had J ^ eff ** * cotaplete : v curing both the COUgh a :. d strraacb affertions . fto SrVngth andfl ^ h arealEO restored , his apretite keen Snd dige . ti ., n eood- There i , every prosp-. ct A » t a ktde
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Pijs » 5 r ^ S £ ZK ^?^ pg The extensive practice of \ i g ^ £ § 1 % , > g Messrs R . and L . PERRY and : _ . v 5 * . ? k _^ % § Co-. theeontinaeddsmandfor their vrork , entitled , the 'SlLEN'T FUIE . N'D . ' ione hundred and twenty-five thousand copies of which have been sold :, and the extensive sale and hsph repute of their Hedidnes have induced some unprincipled perrons to assame the name of PERRY and closely imitate the Utle of tis fork and names of tho Medicines . The public u iereby ciutioncd that suci persons are not in sny « bv connected witk the firm of R . and L . PEHKY and Co ., of londoa w ^ Jio do not visit the Provinces , and are only to "be consulted person-. lly , or by letter , at their Establishment , 19 , Bm « TMtrr « , Oj £ rf-rtrert . Won .
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ON THE CONCEALED CAUSE THAT PltEYS ON TiJB HEALTH \ ND SHOUTESS TIXS DVKATION OP UHMAN LIFE . iLLUSTBiTED WHO >| JHIROCfi CoLOSSEO ®» SXATIHG 8 . Just PuWisiedjina Sealed Envelope , prise 2 s . Cd ., or &ae by post , 3 s . fld . COSTROffL OF THE PASSIONS ; a Eojmlar Ewaj on the Duties , and ObUgationtof Mcrrkd Life , tbe unhappiness resulting from phV 6 ical impodimeat * a « d defects , with directions for their treatment ; the abuse of the paisiont , the premature decline of health , and mental and bodily , vigour ; indulgence ia solitary anddeliuire hnbits . pretcciom exerrions or infeotion , inducing a Ion ; traiu « rf dissrders affecting the principal orgins ot the body , causing «< iis . imptioHs , mental and iwrrous debility and tndigaftioi , with remarks on jfonorrhaa , gleet , strictureven * syphUis . Illustrated rath C oloured Engravinesaad'GKSes .
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PAUPERISM AND CRIME . LEITEB II . THE REMEDY . TO THE EDITOR OF TEE BOBDE& ACVE&TJSEB . East Linton , April 15 , 1848 . Dzab Si *—I proceed to givH you , be shortly as pos . stble . an outline of ihe plan for the suppression of pauperism and mendicity , promised ia any last - I mBy define it as— ' The application of crown and waste lands , by mtans of a rate < quitablj levied onihose liable to the present poor-rate , for tbe abiorpibn of surplus laboar . '
All who have consldtred ths subject agree that the reclamation of waste land would bfford an ea « j and remunerative raeins of giviKg { mplojment to tho p ople . It is no new idea . Forty years ag ^ , tha attention of parliament was cilled to it , in regard to Ireland , and It has been repeatedly talked of since ! but nothing hat hitherto been done in the matUr , chiefly , U U believed , owin ? te the jealousy of the great lmd . holders , wfco dread any : hin , f sav-uring of an Agrarian law . What I propoie is , that that idea s ' : onld now be carried into effect . sHd I calculate that , in the course of a very few jf ars , it would lead to the extinction of the present poor rate , whild it should at once put down -TEgroncy and greatly diro ! s ? sh crime .
Let there be this e central beards , sitting ia Londsa , Edinburgh , smi Dublin , composed , it might be , of the members of the eiistitiy p > or law boards and the board Of worfeS , and empowered Co purchase , reclaim , and olonis- land wholly or partially waste , and to execute ether public work * . Lot the country be divided into conveni ¦ n ly sized districts or union?—toy of thirty . six or forty tr . il , b square with a board of guardians foreScA , chosen by < ke rife-payer * , and with all neciseary officers , tucb a * Inspector , master of work " , surgeon , schoolmaster , &c . L = t the applicants for parish relief be divided into two orders , viz , reaidenters and vagrants , and these again ints tbrea classec , via , superannuated , including the in&rm end disabled ; children , including youths
Under fourteen years of nge ; and the able-bodied of both seicg . Let the first order , comprehending those bora In . or haviag acquired an industrial settlement in , ths union where they live , be entitled to employment or relief within its bounds ; let the recond order , comprehending those who hare bo fired residence , be sent to any place within the kingdom the central board might thihk fit , th « e to be employed on public works or main , tained in poor houses . Let there be two separate funds , on ? from a local rate voted by the ratepayers in each onion for tbe npport and employment of the resident paupers ; the other from the general revenue , voted by pirliamtst , for that of the vagrant order ; government of course exercising n paramount control over both .
Let relief be given to persons « f the fir 6 t class of the first order , t . « ., superannuated residenters , either in their om bouses or in those of their r < lattves or acqailntaoees , at the discretion of tho local board ; tboso of the second order might either bs boarded nith decent householder ? , or Io " god in buiHingg ritted up for the purpose . Let a similar regulation apply ta the children of both stzes . but let special cere be taken to have them properly "gduCBted by osabitg their regular attendance at school a lir . c qua non ; and when fit to go to trades , let them bo apprenticed to approved masters , and when their time ig expired , let a smaSl sura of money be given ihem to begin the werld with . L--. t the able-bodied of the first order ba set to work within tho bounds of tho Union in Trhich they live ; while those of the eecoatl
order might either be employed in the locality where thfy became chargeable , or be conveyed to any oiber , where their services might be more wanted . Let public bagging be strictly prohibited , and let all mendfc&ets be apprehended and dealt with « s applicants for relief . Let all juvenile delinquents , on their first conviction , bo placed at the disposal of the -board , after undergoing their sentence , if their parents or relatives cannot be pot to comeforward and enter into recognizances for iheir future good bthaviour . ff they are found to be illiterate , trad ignorant of a trade whereby to mate their lining , let it be stipulated ia tha bond that they are to be instructed fort&tvitb , and let the beard take care that the stipulation in adhered to . If they come
a second time in'o tne bands of tbo police , and be again convicted , let them be placed at G 3 ce ia the third class abave named , and brought up liK-c « htr destitute chil . dren , find let the sum forfeited by their cautioners be laid aside to form a fund for them when thry come of age . If their parents are able , however , they ought to reimburse the board for their outlay by paying a small weekly gum . By this plan , rugged schools aad eekools of industry , such as aro at preBent hi operation , would not ba superseded , but their character would be seme , what altered , the benefits resulting from them would ba extended to all -destitute children , and a regularity would be fntrodcoed into their working whica can never be attained to under existing circumstances .
Of course it coatd not da to set tfco able-bodied to work in such a way ae to affeet the labour market and lower wages . Oa tfce first mooting of Che system an outcry will naturally be raised that it would in erfere with private industry , and depress , Instead of raising , the condition of the working man . Bat ifaat is by no means a necessary eonseqoeccp , for there is abundance of work to do that will either never be done ct ail except threugh some scheme of this kind , or that , if once done , would add to materially to the resourcoa nf the country as to create a permanent demand for millions of additi onal labourers . Let applicants for employment be set to do something that no private party i « likaly to undertik » , and that at the same time is of a truly useful ua . tore . Since tha fact is , that tbe eoumry hns at present all thet host of sturdy vagrants who infest it to keep ,
in addition to the respectible though unemployed poor , and that , If not sumptuously , at least expensively , and alnce it has ales to suffer , and to make up for , all their depredations , it would certaielj be better to make them work for their HviEg , even although their work were not of a remunerative kind . Rather tLan thiy should go at large , idle and thieving , it would be wiser far to Srtthem tomakeaoaustway acrois the North Channel , from Donaghadee to Port P . itrick , to level Ben Nevis , to die a tunnel through the Cheviots , ' to ding doon Tan . tallan an' mak a brig to the Bass , —anythleg , in short , rather than ic ? lan « B nnd tbeir ' shifc . ' But thero is no need to have recourse to such expedients , for tho waste lands Bcattcred over the thne kingdoms would employ profitably all the surplus labour that could be commandtd for fifty years lo come .
Let the rnte-payers in each union vote annually a soffieiPBtfium to set the resident labourers applying for relief , to work , either on wasto land , on lbe public roads , or otherwise . Let Parliament likewise vote a liberal sum saoually for the purchase and reclamation of land
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wholly or partially waste ;—I miy nothing nt eompul' -ory nalee , seen as those sought to ba legalised by Mr Trinch in his frill recently read a first time in the House of Commons . ? Let the labourers be set to reclti ' m this land , by draining , drenching , enelosing , planting , erecting suitable bulMtngi « , &c ., &o . When ffeeluimed , let tbo land be « oldby public auction in left -varying from five to fifty aores , and let tbo price go into the national or local fuad for . the purchase of more'land . There aro few districts of thirty-f ii miles f quaro , in which more or less laad-suited for operations of ttio 4 sind here rec m-
rat ndtid is mot to be found . It would mot ne-d to bo entirely in a state of nature , although th « nearer it spproacfcfed that &tato it would probably pay the better . But where land could not be had fer tie employment of residi-nt 'Jabourers , other works might be undertaken , Itoad-tscking-would be a never failing resource . The delpsuiog . o * rivers so as to make themi navigable might be resorted to .. In Bhort , thero is pleaty of work to do ; the only 4 bice requisite would bs to mako a prudent selection , and to guard agulnt the perpetration of jJbs , which wrmld be beit done by giving the rate-p : iyers a direct voicarini the whole affair from banning to end .
Granting tke schema feasible and expedient , we have ample room for almost immediate operations on a Jnrge scale . Tbere are te&s of millions of aarea of improv . nble land , lying uncultivated in every quarter of the United Kingdom . Tho boga of Ireland , which could easily be rendered arable , and eome of which po « B ( .-6 S an almost intEhaustible fertility , contain . 5 , 000 000 acres , there being 2 , WQ , 030 in the single proviaceof ConnnUgbt . Tbeir entire reclamation fcaB been d « clar-d practicable by a Parliamentary Comnalejioo , which reported that not only ttiaporary but permanent employment would thereby be aSoided to , if I recollect right , about half a million of labourers . The total rents ! of these Irish bogs is said ta be only £ 75 , 000 ; while if -improve it is calculated they would ^ produce 22 J ralliions . The ex pense of reclamation would no doubt be considerable , but nothing in comparison to the gain .
I know notWng'that would so speedily operate towards stemming the tide of pauperism ae tho reelamatu n of these nastes according to the system t . ovr proposed , a ^ d their subsequent ellocaiion , in suitable portiono , te industrious cultivators of the peasant or email yeonun clsfB . The IrUh small farm system mey be pointed to as affording do great encouragemept ; but in IreWd the holders have no ce ? : aintj of tenure , which make * tfcera quite careK-ss about improving their land , and so keepe them in continual po-vtrty . In England and Scotland , wherever tho allotment sjstem has been fairly tried , it has accomplished much good . A striking instance was mentioned in parliament in 1834 . by Lord Robert Grosven'T , In the parish of Ctiolesbury , in Buckinghamshire , some yaars previous to ttiat date , there win not a slojile acre in cultivation owing to the incrensf of pauperisui ; the po > r were supported by f ates levied in aid on tke adjoizing parishes - and it was a scene of uripereal
desolation . Uod-. r these circumstances , a Soelely f . r Agricultural Employment allotted fifty acres among the poor to cultivate durin ; tbeir unemployed time ; and the consequence wan , that 'in a few montbb' —I q iote Lord b Robt-n'sovn words— . ' the poor rate was reduced fiom 20 * . a pound of the rental of the parish to if . ; while the poor Kere rescued from starvation / If we turn to foreign e / untrii ' S we find the strongest proofs of 'he benefic resulting fro a the appropriation of ntiste land to the support nf the redundant population . In Sweden it has been tried withtbe best effects . The Swedish government commenced , in 1808 , distributing into farms severnl large tracts of Crown lands , previously lying waste . The number of farms thus called into active cultivation , and each maintaining a fnmily in humble comfort , txceeds COdO . M < . rk the result . The annual importation of OOrn into Sweden am ? untcd b .-tween the years 1758 and 177 G to 180 . GOO qrs .
1777 1790 . 365 712 1791 1802 200 , 149 1810 1816 133 . U 0 Between 1805 and 1828 , the production of corn in Sweden InertQfe . i 4 } percent ., while the populitiou in . creased only 18 per oent . In the former year the produce ef the kinedom amoun'ed to 2 608 , 000 quarters ; < n the latter to 3 713 712 . Nor is this the ivholr . The increased cultivation e ? potatoes is f qually remarkable , the potato haricst of 1825 Laving produced no less ihan 14 , 848 000 bushelp , being a return of seven for one , aui nine'o'd the produoe of 1 S 05 , A » to the moral results of th < : » yitcm , Mrlr'ing , a most intelligent obnrver , thus speal-sin 183 S : — 'The land ( province of Augcrmaaiaj is all in small estates in the possession of the peasants . The men do the farm business , the women
aro driving a no less profitable branch of industry . There is full employment at tke loom or in spinning , for old and young oftho frraale box . Servants are no burden . About the houses and inside , there is all the cleanliness aad neatness of a thriving mAnufaoturlne , and the abundance of an agricultural population . The table linen laid down even for your glass of unlit aud pieco of bread is clean ; the beds and sheets a ' wajs niee and tthito . Everybody well clad , for their manufacturing is like their farming ; for tbeir own use in the first place , and the surplus only as a secondary olject foreaU ; nnd from the number of littlo nick-nacks in their household , such as good table * and chairs , window curtainB and blinde , which no hut is without ; clocks fine bedding , papered rooms , nnd a few boobs , it is evident that they lay out their winnings on thdrcomforts . '
In Holland , the plan of pauper . co ' onits h ? R been suecsssfully tried . In Macgregofs Commercial Tariff of Holland thereis a very interesting sceouat of them . It is loo long for extract , but the folloreiDf is the com hiding paragraph : 'Although the colony ( Frederick ' s Oorl , ) in point of profit , baa not realised the sanguine expectations of the society , nor as a commercial speculation is it likely to succeed ; yet , tight thousand pan . pers , including two thousand four hundred orphans and fouadJines , have been well provided for ; tho labour of the working paupers has p « id for their maintenance ; and the lands are considered worth nearly as much annual rent per acre as the original coat . From the statements given me at Amsterdam , the order , sobriety , and industry of Frederick ' s Oord , is remarkable ; they hare places of worship , and schooU for Lutherans .
Catholics , and Jew * . The adjoining colony far orpha e at Wateran , and the colony at Veeohauscn , have answered equally as well . Profit , however , need not bo expected . Employment to the poor , although it may ooly partiall - psy for their maintenance , is in every respect preferable to supporting them in any other way . ' In Belgium it is said that the land iu eomo instances has risen in value nine-fold , in consequence ef being subdivided among peasant-proprietors , what was bought for £ 100 per acre having sold for £ 900 , Between Antwerp and Ghent the fields sown with flax often produce a return of £ 50 per a ra by the application of liquid manure and oil cake . The produce of wheat is often not less than thirty-two
bushels to two of seed ; of oats , sixty bushels to three ; and this on land originally a barren sandy heath . The COuCtry is divided into Bmall farms of from two to one hundred acres , mostly the property of the occupant . West Flanders contains , on a superficies of 799 , 422 acres , no less than 656 , 601 registered proportion , which conse ' qurntly average but 1 \ acre each . The spade is in general ass . BeKts equalling £ 3 and £ i per ncro are quite common . The cottage of the labourer cf . n » istfi of two or three rooms , and as Invariably a neat garden attached to it . Tho people are healthy and strong , and whnt is of great c « ntequence in troublous times like the present , they are mo ' stly Conservatives .
TheBe instances out of man ; show the practicability and happy results of tha plan . There being co limit to the population but the supply of food , the cultivation of the waste lands would soon augment materially the number of the Queen ' s subjects , and add moro in proportion to the wealth of the country , s ' . nce in eschange for a horde of vagrants , preying npon its vitals , it would substitute a class ofhoo ' . st cultivators of the most sub-BtamUl kind , living by their own industry , and contributing largely to the general stock . It is calculated that five acres of land of average quality are sufficient to support a family ander spade husbandry . Tho labour of a rerj email iramber of paopen . therefore ! would
suffice to clear a holding for a family . And while eneaged in that task , insteadof being rivals to otherR , they would be creating a vast amount of work for private labourers , of the raost satisfactory and profitable kind . Moveover , land gwrnHy would rise in value , as it has dene iH Belgiuai , EoHand , an . Sweden ; for it is clear that the man who faas a small holding , and who . cultivates it himself , can afford to pay a higher rent ¦ than one who holds a large farm nnd cultivates it H means of hired servants ; nnd thio will come to 1 ) 8 more Md more the case under tho inSuence of free trade vAich will eventual ^ - render all fa rmingt but iha [ which closely imitates horticulture , unprofitable ia this cocntry .
TorecapitulatB the advantages which I think wouW flow from the plan bow recommended . It WO uId afl-rd enjoyment to all labourer * who needed it , nnd K uarantee them against utter destitution even io the datlaet times ; It would put a crop to mondicity , aud eonseqnently dzminiBh crime ; it would S W 6 comfortable homes to thousands who possess no fixed property at present , nnd , giving them a stake in tLe country ' would canvert thtm into its stauochest defenders it no > M augment the population , increase the national resources and revenue , and even improve the climate Ireland last year , and its bad roads made ' worse is no criterion for judging of the working of a weU-consWred permanent measure , such as this would be . 740 000 paupers flung oa the hands of government all of a sudden , tmplojed under an act drawn up . EB it were , de improvUo , and with the Boards of Guardians at least many of them—deliberately bentoa making the uieaime work ill to tervQ their owd selfish ends , was no sufficient test of a principle so important .
Ho fear of a rush to the public works , and a consequont desertion of the usual channels of industry ; for the labourers would , of course , receive no more wages than barely snfficient to purchase tbe necessaries of fife . Yet a feeling of security and of independence would spring up in the poor man ' s mind , to which he has hitherto been a stranger . Starvat ' on could never stare him in the face then . He would know that he had somethlDg to fall back upon , let the worst happen—somethin ? that would not degrade him either In his o « n eyes or in other peoplt ' s . Parish relief , while It renders tbo ratepayer callous , always demoralises the recipient for hofoels tbat he is subsisting on charity , doled out to ' him « lth a grudging heart . Bat to receivo wages for work done has no such humiliating < ffect , ond the applicant far employment on the puWo works would no mora surrender k : B honest mdependence by so doing than by applying for an esgagement te a farmer or manufacturer S 3 mem . ht even resort to ihose works , sacrificing r
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higher wage , in order to enjoy greater independence ithun under a private taaet < r , ¦ Of . the other hand , a check on Idleness , insolenoe , or toad conduct of any kind , woold always exist , although absolute dlsmiaa ' al could not be resorted to . Lot the resident labourer who disobeyed orders , or showed himiKjlf idly disposed or rifxactory , be degraded Into the csiass of vagrants , and sent offfrom his plane of residence to 4 vark at a distance , For the vagrant , ngiin , who foiled to give satisfaction , many Eimilar expedients could easily bo fallen upon . —
£ But this letter is already too l ° Hg , and I must conclude without entering into furthor details , which , In-¦ defd , weuld bo superfluous at present , my solo object Ssetng to Indicace the generajfeatures of tbe plan . I may return to the subject should nobody better qualified takeltup . One word ere closing . Tho very term work 1 ihoaes shows that the authors of our poor-law » ystijui aovcrmeaattho paupers should be supported iu idlenesG . I remain , < feo ., WlLLItM BKOCSIB .
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THE JOBN . STREEV INSTITUTION . TO THE EDITOB OF TUB ' TIMES . ' < 3 m , —By a resolution paaBed unanimously at a public meeting held at tho Literary and Scicn'lnc Institution , J ibn-street , Fitzroy-Fquare , on Tu sdny evening , April I 8 h , I waa fequented , on behalf of tho meeting , to repudiate tho fal se statements contained in a letter signed < Tfaa Curate of thu District . ' which appeared in your paper of the date abovemeniioned . In that letter the reverend gentleman has maflo the following statement : — ' In the same place '—the Jobn-Strent Institution— ' in which treason Is now hatched ngaisst » ar Queen , defiance has lonu be ; n W 6 nt to b * hutled at Him who is tho King of Kimfc Infid . 'l lectures , tea meetings , and dances on Sunday evenings , nave !>> n ? been held with Impunity . '
It i « much to bo regretted , that a profeisrd tCJchflr of religion shsuld so far forget himself a * to give utterance to what be must have known to ba untrue Iu the Jobn-Rtrnet Jistitutlon no treason i « hatched BRainst the Queeo . Tho Institution is let , occasionally—n « are other public buildings—for political purposes ; nnd Johnstreet Institution in let to the Cnurtist Ereoutire for the use of the National C invention . The » are only sfrlrtng to obtain tho enactment of the P- opln ' s Charter , end do not meet for the purposes indicated by tho reverend calumniator . In your paper ef tho ll'hinst , you candidly ' admit Ihitthe « ix points of the Charter are honest and allowable doctrimc , ' and that there Is not in those opinions ' any necesBnry coBtradlctlon to the spirit of tlw Britinh Constitution . ' The 'Curato « f the district , ' tbfreforp , calumniate !) the Convention in charging thera with hatching tremon , when thoy aro really pursuing , according to your own admlasioa , a just anl constitutional objpct .
Ths reverfludgautlemiui ' ii unwarrantaWe nttnrlt upon the managers of tho Institution , is not what nhonH be expected from a teacher of religion . When he asserts ' ti'at dances on Sunday erenlnjs have long been held thero wit ' i impunity , 'I charge this reverend gentleman witb asserting what I cannot help desfpnitimr a bape and malignant f ^ hohood . I ohnllcrgo this false maB to prove what he asserts ; for I honestly and emphatically deny that dnncln ? ever took place within its walls on ¦• Sanday , since th » opening of the Institution . Tbe man / igers of the Institution ere honest Intelligent mm . They arc not aecturisn in their notinnn . Tho doors of the Institution tmve at all times bpon tbrOtvn open by them to thOBe who had , or believed th .-y hud , important truths to communicate to society . B Having truth to be the basis of all excellence , they are anxious to listen to the oentiraent * and opinions of & 11 parties :
in their estimation no subject I ; too sacred fir investigation ; and , as we aro told that if we ' believe the truth , the truth shall makeu-i free , ' the mansg rsof the Institution , being ardent lovers of freedom , fraposo n" creeds orrentrleti-ns upon their lecturers , whether they b ? reliu ious or anti-religious In verification 0 / this n ? sertion I may state , in conclusion , that lectures have- be- 'n delivered In this Institution by reverend gentlemeD , on Christian Burjocts , of nearly two hours duration , which have been listened to with marked attention by the audience , though thry g'ncra'ly disagreed with tho doctrines propounded . It would thrrtfore , have fcecn more In accordance nith the profeesfd doctrines of tbo reverend gentleman If , instead of publishing false and railing accusations H (? 9 inst the msnagr rs and frr qu"nters of the Institution , hehad come amonpst us , and endeavoured to convince us of what he conceived to ba our errorp , in doctrine nnd practice .
Relying upon your sense of justice for the insertion of this letter , in refutation of the calumnies and falsehoods of The Curate of the district . ' I am , Sir . on belmlf of the meeting . Your obedient bumble servant , Henri Hetderihoton , 57 , Judd . slreet , Brunswick pqnare .
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THE MOVEMENT . TO THE EDITOB OF THE ifOBTHEBW STAB . Minster Lovel , May 7 , 1848 . Sib , —In these excitable times when every preudo patriot considers h ' mself nt liberty to propound hi * favourite nostrum for tha amelioration of the condition ol his fellow . mfn , it may not be presuming too much to mpe that you will allow me a Email spico in the people's journnl to ei press my opinion on the aspect of tho political horizon , nnd to tffjr a few sugge » tl " . bob to the policy to be adopted in 'he coming struggle j for let no
msn 'Ibv the flittering unction to his soul , that he will regain his lost rigbta without a struggle , or the tyrant oppressor , that he can much longer exercise his withering influence ovir the lives and liberties of ths toilio ? millions , without coining into collision with the improved mind of the country , and experiencing tbe dire f fleets of a criminal nnd dogged resistance to the just nnd reasonable claims of labour to a fair share of its own fruits , as well ae a participation in those politicnl rights and immunities , which wocld form a bnrrier egalnf . t the encroachments of capital on the one bandand the tendencies of aristocratic domination on tho
other . It has been said , that ' coming events cast their shadows before ; ' and . If there be any truth in this apho . riflm . it is QOW more than ever incumbent on the Chartist body to be on the alert ; for , if they do not beBtir themselves—and ths » t In right pood earnest—the middle clacfi dodge will again be played off upon us , and oar Charter mutilated by a compromise between complete humbug » Dd the household league ! Are th * sublime principles of tbo Charter become moro complicated , and , therefore , not so easily understood as they were ten years ago ? Are th <> circumstances which ' ecommended tkeir adoption by the great balk of the labourln ? population of this country—altered for the better ? On l » the intellect of the so-cnlled
middle class so deadened , that they have become ineen-Bible to the intuit they aro again adding to th « deep injuries they have heaped upon the victims of tbo system they would prop up a little longer , that we are now to bo bamboozled by another league ? Verily , air , 1 tb ! nk we have had enough of leagues among that clflgs ; from the unholy Irfgue © f Uini ? 8 at Aix-Ia . Chapolle to the now-born of BrummaReni—there has been but ono unbroken chain of conspiracies against tborlph'a nf industry by the worshippers of Mammon , and by the place hunting , trafficking politician against the rights of man ; and how Iohc are we to tolerate this Iotferdemaln—this bocus pocus ? I , for one , will not quietly submit to see the movement trifled with by any moro of their classleagues , oither In or out of the House , for I hold that there is no difference whatever between them .
If the Charter was good In itself In 183 G and 1830 . It m uBt bo equally eo In 1848 ; aad if it wa » expedient then , why surely these gentlemen , who advocated its immedinte adoption at that time , will not tell us—that it is less so now ; and why i' it that they offer ubb lens measure , after so mnnj years of that sort of exprrience CTbiou wouM not fluly qualify os for itn appreciation , but alBO enable us to apply its fruits to the rectification of those abuses which , from that time to the present , have been accumulating to an unbearable extent in every department of out native industry ? The reason to me , 8 ll \ la ftfl pltfn as the deception is glaring—they never menn us to have tee Charter at all ; and so long an they con gull < as , they -will , with any kind « f dodge , nor will
it require more than this simple argument to prove my assertion . We are gravoly told that If we will go with tbem for hnnaehold suffrnjje , T ? e should arquiro sues a power thatnogovernment could withstand tho-demand for r more extended suffrnge—if tho people drmaaded it ! Just Taark the -qualification — ' K the people demanded itf Why tho people have demttaded , aro now demanding , and will continue to demacd it tool iratU the contumely ef the artful dodders , and -the treasonable coercion of tire government , aball perhaps compel them to demand tfoa > CbBrtpr in n voice which will scatter tonot the four winds of hc&rtB , but to tho lowest depths of another place ^—the plunderers ef the poor train ' s labour and establish < eo CneTukig of domeatie tyranny , a system based on tbo fraternity of nations , and tho rights of
man . — ' Call cot this sb tile threat , < # # a * *• Yen know the nest , I therefore shall proceed 1 How ., eir , if theBe men were hotiest they would go for tho Charter at oaoe asd sbstv that they wlf& « d the people to hnve their rights ; and the ioflueiwe which would be sufficlf nt to get Household wt oMcommand the Charter Suffrage—but ytarH of bitter disappointment do not sanction the tope of any gy . 'vA from the Brummagem league—it would be hoping t ^ aSastfcopcand as hope deferrod niflkttb tho heart iick ? 3 et ub turn from the nauseous draught and look t ¦» " »« < agre cheering and enlivening prof pect of liberty to » K—'" jury to none—to the comfort , and happiness , and , inssperit ' y of the country through the operation of the p TtecipJes contained in the Charter of our liberties
A great fuss bae been made of late about « The' protection of life and property , ' and It io not my intei tfon ct present to inquire into the mode of manufacture' of euch a number ef loyal lp < ciale , nor how many of the « were honde < mbat through the skirmishing which I a , * told took place with the black bottle long before the anticipated grnndattack . I dare say if I had beouforced into-he same enviable plight , I m , gbt b ( w ) b C f ° duced to npply to the same souroe for comfort but what I caiinotBoeanly bob tho ncce » sity of , is the so . often repeated ugertien of our innocence of any intent inn to injurelife and property . Th 6 holders of prop rty hav 0 all the appliances which wealth can comm « al £ oJ It ! protection , Jn m \ lm to which there are the soldiery ar , d '
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police whose W ,, by thebj . wepay to prowc , « . . nJ whatneed ta thero for ourreltcratloP > of . nawence of al wao raised the calumny as to theCbartists th « m . elw . that , so far as they wercconcernei , there was nothing of the kind <* er dreamt of . The chief portion of the proper J of ^ unenfranchised coasists of tbeir labour which | . fllebed from them by low wage ., exorbitant profits ,. Bn 1 « n oppresMve and grinding BJat 9 tDof ' "" X , nrn ingafllt does with unequal pressure ou thoss woo aro least ab ! e to bear it ; and all these agKresoions committed toy the very class wuese stricken consciences now tremble at the bare idea or that retribution which such is calcu _ tODrocect itjHnJ
a xyBtom of misrule , if much longer persisted in , . !» : «
1 UMJ UI |>|\ W HMM | f "f — , £ It is true that their power is fading , bat the pertinacity with which they cling to the old rtgime , is manifest by the pxhibitlons we have ttad lately ; and whilst they , as a class , are not oaly arming to crush our onward mnrca but actually forcing all over whom they hftv-j anj mflaence io do the same , I cannot see the utility of as- 1 suring an 4 re-asuuring the . e opprwuors of their 8 | iec »* ; of an unnatur » l Impunity , whilst th ^ y are in the actual , COmmi 88 ion Of the reOtest crimes hnown to th . U « i . of civilised « oeloty , via -murdering the p . ople by starvattoa , and treasonably trampling on the Constitution , by stifling j tbevolceof comiilaint . _ . . . .. I
Let there be an end to this temporising policy—let < he ( roort men cf all ranks unite for tho amelioration Of the j . » d condition of tho wealth producers of tnis country . ¦ Let us nho ara convinced from long experience that nothing but the enactment of tbe People's Cbmer will effect that object press forward , regardluB of who maj lau behind or attempt to bar our progress . I : ia worse than folly to go back for the lime and blind of any class —never IobId ^ sight of our motto— ' Onward and Wv « con . qnur , backward and we Ml ; ' listening not to the voice of thone who would offer U 9 lesn than justice , In the fond hope ot Its leading to the consuinma ion of our wishes ; , believe me , sir , it is but tha song of tbe syren , that j luroth but to betray . '
I hare no wish to creato unncco'Barj alarm , but when I see the government acting oa the fears of tho timid among the privileged classes , fer the purpose of checking the progrtfs of the people towards the attainment of their freedom , I think tt ia my duty , as a member of a calumniated class , to tell them f- at If thi-j will array themselves on tbe »!{ tyr&nry and oppression , iaatetd of end ^ avosring to remove tho causes of discontent wbich they are Instrumental in creative , I , for one , will not so far prostitute the natural feeltngi of hummity as te express a symjwtby which I could not feel , should I ever Kvo to see the fire of public ind'gnation burst wita volcanic force upon thtlr guilty hesdi , luVelliniJ all
diflt ' netion , and overwhelming alike the tyraut oppressor and hia sycophantic supporter ia one common ruin ; wi lit they hive tha power of averting the catastroph ? , and conferring a bleBSlng on millions of thrir fi-llow crtatareB , bj o timely recognition of their Hommon right to live In the land of their birth , and by a speedy restoration of those ' political immunities , which will secure to them tho fruits of thtir labour , and bring about the only state of contentment aud happiness in wbich would be fOUnd i he real protection for life and property—that is to say , the grateful affections of a happy community , I am , sir , your obedient servant , H . Robs .
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THE « CORRECTOR' CORRECTED . TO TBE EDIToa GP TOE HOBTHEBM 8 T 4 B . Sib , —Tbe following article is quoted fn > m a period ' eal avowin itself the frieDd of the labouring classef , viz : — The Voice of thk People , published hy Charl 8 Kn ght , the well known London publither ; and as tbo address alluded to woa written , nnd all lh » infoJEatlOu Supplied by me , approved by a committee and carried bv tbe lato National Convention , I claim ih ? privilege of iayioga few words thtrcon ; and as fair play is tbe characteristic of English honesty , I hopa you will publish the extract outlro . 1 THE COBBICTOK OF THE PRESS .
• We are glad to have our own errors pointed out tons plainly and with temper ; we are equally glad to correct them . Wo are not of opinion , as tome public writors appear to be , that the editor can do no wring : tho very nature of psriodical writing involves tho chances of misconception and mis-statement . It is the duty of an honest public writer to make Instant reparation . ¦ We were utterly wrong in stating in our last number that the ' table , showing the comparative mortality of diff rent classes , as published by tha National Convention , was ' msnofactursd expressly for the purpose of imposition . ' Wo ha 4 looked at tbe population returns , at the reports of tbe Register . General , at Porter ' s ' Progress flf the Nation , ' and other statistical works , before we ventured io sipreis our belief that there were no psrliamentary reports or any tables , ' dividing tho people into
classes of gtntlomen , tradesmen , and workpeople . ' It has been pointed out to us , that the reports on the ' Sanitary Condition of tbe L&bourlnj P pulation' do contain the mterials for BUcn a table as that published Uy the National Convention . In Mr Chadwick ' s report of 1 S 42 there is a section , entitled , ' Comparative Chances of Life io diff rest Clnste 3 of tbo Coramutilty . ' Mr Ciartwick caused the Mortuary Register of particular towns and districts to be examined , and also employed persons te go from house , to house in certain localities ; and the results are presented iu a series of statements occupying many pages of the report . The tnblo of the National Convention is founded upon a portion of these at&tements ; end we were not warranted , therf f Te , in saying that the tablu was 'manufictured . ' N * vertheles » , the tabla is likely to lead to many erroneous conclusion ;;
and the original data are confessedly imperfect . 'The deaths of masters , ' » a \ s Mr Chadwick , ' are not carefully distinguished from tbe deaths of journeymen . ' How , then , cau we arrlvo at n correct estimate of the comparative mortality of tradesman » ud of arti . sans ? But the table is chiefly misleading , from its withholding half the icfonna ' . lon which Mr Chadwick furnishes—the mortality amongst the adult population . The great comparative mortally which the tnble shows of' workpeople and families' arises trotn the fact , that ' more than half tbe children of the working classes die , and only OBO . 6 fth of the cl ildrcn of the gentry die , before the fifth year of age . ' The reason is obviou « . Infantile life is swept away at a fearful rate in crowded districts ; In Ut-ventHated bouses ; In close streets with imp . Tfcct drainage ; In tho miserable collar's , which are
the difprace of Liverpool and other large towBS . These are the physical evils which legislation is now endeavour , ing to grapplo with , Tho workpeople hnve been indifferenc to these erila . Circus a butter organisation of the ' Health of Towns , ' nnd labour would have less need for looking about for vain and impivG . icab'e orgauisn . tton to alleviate its miseries . But << ven ai it Is , when we corao to the oomparatlve mortality of adults , we have not that startlinr disproportion whioh the table of the National Convention exhibits , to show that ' though an inereaaa of wsalth has given an increaee of coiufc-rte and luxuries to a few , it has in no way tended to promote tho welfaro and comfort of the producers . ' We will take some other places to shore ' the average ago at death ' of all ag' -s , and also exhibit ' the average age at death' of adults . Tbesa facts ara from the report on the state of lurui ! towns , 18 ( 5 : —
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Liverpool . Ashton . I ' reston . Hochd . le Occupation . . „ AIli . „ A 1 i | fi j ** £ ! l |*^ a ^ I ™ ^ j ^ it Gentlemen . 43 88 80 &-1 47 61 94 5 S Tradesmen . 19 48 21 50 31 54 26 40 Workoeoplc 14 47 16 50 18 Sfl 18 49
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' We shall return to this subject when we come to the g reat practical question of the day—Sanitary Reform . ' The table quottd t > y me 1 b taken from the reports of Mr Chadwick—and the data used by Mr Cuftdwiefc nre the ' Mortuary Registration' nnd such other tvidence as Mr Chadnlck thought neceeBarj fcr coming to Bound oonclasions , I am nest charged with only etatlBR half tha truth ; but I ask , are the facts disproved ! Let tbe reader examing the table quoted by the author of the critique , that at all ages—that is making tbe estimates from births and deaths : —Gentlemen , forty-three ; workpeople , fifteen .
Well , sir , do these facts prove that an increase ef wealth has brought with tt an increase- of welfare and comfort to tfce producers ? But it is argued that , mm than half the -children of the working classes die , &nd only on » . fifth -ef tho children of the gentry die , before the fifth year-sf age . Alas ! toe true—too Bad a fact ! MrMslthus may have thought infant life of do value ; but if we analyse -the causes that lead to such consequences , we Bhdll unfold the secret ulcers'ttmt sit at the heart of fee people of Bnplnnd ; and however reckless some men ¦ may be of infant'iife , it is clear tba * the condition oftbe mother affects tho condition of tiblMren , as ia clearly prsvfd , by the deathi In our FoucdKng Hospitals , Medical men who undorstand these question shave informed me , that theincreaoeof deaths of chfjdren in our Found .
liBp Hospltale , io attributable to ti > o want of being nursed by their mothers , as well as -ether causes . A phyglejan of reputation , resident in Yorkshire , assure * m&'that f * ctory labour is injurious to tho health of women j that a great number of feoalo factory la . bourers bare oalematomo or swollen teat and ancles ' ; are sHfjoct to congestion of the liver , relaxation of the ligaments of the uterus , proJapBua < f thatorpnn , abor-Uon and isoimorrhage ; and that , if any ef the factory female operatives , htvlng swollen anolen , accidentally receive a scratch , it is almost euxe to produce a deep filoughlng , and 111 . conditioned ulo ^ r , if not immedi . ately attended to , and counteracted by rest from lahour , &c . As this is a subject too importaHt for arry party purposes , I beg to add the followiag stato . nanta : —
Accordini ; to Mr M'CulIoch , the arerago rnto of mor . a \ Aty in 1780 , was one In forty annually ; in 1810 , one n b "f » y-three ; in 1820 , one in fifty-seven ; and we may iddi * 1883 , onelnslity . The foUowluu Is the increase per cent of maaufactur " eg ton If . from 1801 to 1831 ; -
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Manchester ... ... ,,. ] . ][ GlaS h'o-v ... ... ,,. igi Liverpool ... ... ... 153 Nottingham ... ... ... 175 Biruiinglmm ... ... ... gr > Great Britain ... ... ... 52 At page 185 of Mr Chadwick ' s Report , the folloW | B , illustration of thu c ^ nditloH of the people occurs , v * hi I I quote from a work on my ta ^ lo , and which I gi 76 the WOrda of the author , holding myself responsible fo » its correctness . AlinchBStflr ... ... ... 251
• Ia the evidence of recruiting officers , collected uSje the Factory Commission of Inquiry , it wi 8 shown that fewer recruits of proper strength and stature for iii | j tarT service , are attainable now than heretofore from M 4 I 1 . Chester . I have been informed that of thoss lttb oarer ' now employed in tha meat important manufactory whether natives or omigrants to that tawn , the soaa who ' are employed at the tamo work , are gpnorall y inferior j a stature to their parentx . Sir James M'Gregor , theDireo tor General of the Army Medical Board , stated to ral tbe fact , that a corps levied from the agricultural dlstrictj of Wales , or the northern ceunties of Enghnd , will i aat longer than one recruited from the manufacturing towns—from Birmingham , Manehester , L eds , or Brai . ford ; indeed , no gruat and permanent is tbe deterioratio n tbat out of 513 mtn enli « tod , almost all of whom thtc . 1 from Birmingham ond five o . 'hcr neighbouring towng only 238 were approved for service . ' '
Yet , sir , in no district of England haa weal'h increased bo rapidly aa in the manufacturing towns ; and I mwj own that it i » with fe-linga of regret and grief , that I mark the deterioration of our workpeople in stature strength , and mot ale ; and whatever may be the 8 tn £ written or spokeu about our ofvilisatkm , I tell tfce autborj , that bo lonjf as the bills of mortality exhibit their Bad re . turns , I hate their boa « ted , trumpery , HOul . iickeni geflsajj about the advantages of national wealth , < fec . Again , I deny that tbe people are cureless about thtir physical condition , and hope th . it I have fully vindicated the facts
, ] and reasoning of the address < f the National Convention , and would ask the writers of the Voice of the People , to ( 96 candid as well as cautious , and ask themselves tb ' 19 qumion , ' Are we prepared to teach tho doctrine , that killing is no murder J ' I am , as ever , yours faithfully , SlMDEL KlDD .
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< , TO THE EDITOB OP TaE NO&THER . V 3 TAB . Sib , —Thu following appeal from the Chartist boJ yof the Ncwcastle-upon . Tjae branch on behalf of a very worthy and patriotic Individual , namely , Mr B . Emble . ton , is chiefly . id .-iressed to those friends of democracy ani social am-Uoration belonging to the counties of North . umberlandaud Durhnm ; and it is confidently expects that each and all will fuel disposed to gire their mite to assist so worthy an « -hj . « ct : —
TO THE DEMOCR ATS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . Fhiznds , —Th <> worthy oVj ^ ct of this appeal has , by a train of oircumsts ' -. ces over which he had no control , become a victim to poverty and disease , and is , at the present time , considerably abridged of those comforts nfpessary 10 support nnd keep him in existence ; indeed , the parties who take the present opportanlty of addresj . ing you , witnessed tho po ir old veteran , only last week , swoon away apparently dead , and 6 uch wa » the danger that the medical msn who was called in , gave it as hjj decided opinion tbat the old gentleman ' s disorder was purely the result of toe little food , ho having for the last twelve months been unable to get any emplevnjcjj ^ and too old to work if that couM have bfen got .
Fellow-men , we feel it our duty to enlist your sym . patky for Mr Embleton ; and our wish and desire is , that something handsome be raised for him , inasmuch at ha h-. 8 to a Vtr / fjrent extent , worked very hard for the good cause , and is tkerefore entitled to our comraisere . tton and sympathy . Trusting , then , that with at little deUy as possible , each friend of tho causo will forward what he can span to M . Judo . Newcastle , who has kindly consented to rc « ctWo the same . We remain , yourn , &c , W « Dowm , M . Jode , Thob . Nicholboh , Wm . W 4 T 8 ON .
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TO THE EXE 0 UT 1 TE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . GeHTLEHEtr , —It wah proposed , seconded , and car . ried unanimously , at our meeting yeBterda ; eveniag , that the secretary be inslm-Sltd < o Write immediately 1 ( 5 the Executive , toaeeure tbem of tbe unabated confidence ond esteem which they individually entertain for the indefatigable per 3 cvtTif . ce and incorruptible integrity of Mr Fecrgu 8 O'Connor , they being convinced hy years of reflation , of his gentlemanly dlsisUresteuDess to raise tbe srtitans and labourers of Great Britain in toe eociil Fcale of human existence .
Knowing this to be true , common gratituda compels tbem to step forward upon this occaeieu to def .-nd his character and intention * from unjust denunciations or vague insinuations ! They bpg to rom ' nd those indivl . duals who are universal dealsrs in such likfl proceedingi , tbat they egregiously deceire themselves if they hive the vanity to conceive thnt tbeir spleen or malevolence can in any way diminish the political rcputaxion of the noble individual they malign , for they are bound to inform tbem that it increases that confidence which the ; vainly endeavour ta destroy ; yea , that it maybe aeon-8 ola : ion for those declaimers , to know th-.-y nneqaivocally aver that the patriotic dl ! interednc 88 cf O'Connor hi } bo interweren itself with tbe affections of a down-trodden Bud insulted peoplo . tnat it is morally impossible for as ; man or b-jdy of men , to efface it ; for when tho grassy mound shall point out the spot which incloses bit mouldering ashes , bIb name will , in truth , be held ia eacrcd veneration in tbo estimation of those who are jet unborn to lisp his well-earned fame .
In conclusion , they would wish to impress npon those who are po fond of denunciation ( and who hive never yet substantiated the moat tr fling charge ) that w . re the ; to allow tbeir fictions to bo guagt > d by reason , jastice , and humanity , thot would bave neither time nor will tO decry the aetions of another , for doing that which the ; are bound to dp , but which they inhumanly neglect , viz ,, to do good to others ! ! ! G , ntlemen , I hare to thank yoa ia behalf of enr VittlB band , for year steady adherence nod advocacy of universal truth and universal right , and to request tnat this letter tnay be inserted In tbe forthcoming Stab , thnt tbe public mind may bo faithfully delineated , ia order that unsophisticated patriotism and Individual worth may rtine forth ia all its pristine beauty .
With tbia , gentlemen , I remain , most respectfully and unreservedly yours , E . Fabkell , Sub . Sec ., Uibridge ChartiBts . 20 , Upp . rBoll-jaru , Usbridge .
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The Seventy Sbvbnth Birthday op RfBERi OwBSJ —On Monday , May 15 : h , a tea party and toiril , was held in the Hallof the John-street , Literary and Scientific Institution , to celebrate the principles and the seventy-seventh birthday of Robert Owen . Its company having partaken of the cup which ' Cheers but not inebriates , ' the overture to Ziiupa was pet ' formed on the or ^ an by Misa Duther . Mr Vf . D . Saull having been unanimously voted to tho chair , opened the business of the evening by some very ap * propriate remarks . The Chartist cbaunt was then piveu by the choir . Mr I-aac Ironsides nnd Madame D'Arusmontthcnapoketo the first resolution or sentiment , ' The Cause of the People , may it speedily triumph , and roay tbe risihts and interests of all be «• cognised and established . " We will conquer falsehood i lter
power , ' by the choif . Messrs Holyonke , Wa , Coopen and Cramp than spoke to the toast ot tbe evening , ' Robart Owen . ' ' Long may life ana hea'th be spared him , ' was then given with good effect by the choir , the company standing . Mr Watson then introduced the next s entiment . « tm French Republic , may it fulfil the hopes of the eft-. slaved millions , by realising the aspirations ot tn « world's benefactors , by dispensing liberty , and tn ; enjoyments of life squally and universally , if ' Girondist Cliaanf by the ch . » ir . Mrs Martin mad some very appropriate rema > kj in euppOM Oliiw sentiment , and the p roceedings terminated , atfff voting thanks to the chairman , with the 'Mars eillaia llymD . ' The Sunday evenine Orations of Mr Thoisa- ' Co > per , on tne ' Hietory of France from the Revolution of 1789 , to the present time , ' aro attended t %
crowded audiences . LouonBORocon . —The Messrs Warner and Cart wright of this place , offered their hand * a reductioi of from 3 d to 6 ! , who work in their mill , in conse quence of the ten hours bill coming into operation . Tho hands struck , and about thirty of them went ' Mr Skevineton for advice , who a ? read to meet thefl at seven o ' clock in the evening , whiuhhe did , givti them such advice as he deemed suitable . Next da ! they agreed to go to work at half tho reduction offered . The YoEKSHiREMiN calls the increase of our am and navy out-door relief for tho aristocracy , witaeuthe labour teat . rt Tho paper wills at Bitton , Gloucesters hire , ^ on Sunday reduced to a heap of ruins by fire . d
The Duke of Norfolk haa beea inve sted by Majesty with tke knighthood ot the most noble ur ^ of the Garter , without the usual observances *¦• regard to instalktion . , , l , ' On Friday 177 arkioled clerks , having P » . VjL examinntion , v ? ere admitted attorneys of tae t « of Queen ' s Bench . , . , j A g lMier at Newport Pagnell lately foun " , raouae ' a nest in his warehouse lintd with gold . mice had made use of the gold leaf bo k in »»>' their nest . , _ j : Nothing further has been heard of the uon . Rev . B . C . D . F . Fairfax , ^ 0 awmdled the bitanta of llawmarch recently , whilst locum " for tha Il"ftor . it j raflfiflO ' It is said that Lord Howfct ^*! " etted ^' k ' theraoofor the Chester cup , hicbwas won " ) horse' Peep e' Dxy Boy . ' , n ., & 'It is a fact , " savs the Ge * tLEMiN 3 b . w ^ ( Bombay . ) ' tLat the entire popula < ia " ° BixP e - not Bpendins ; on their clothine mor . " * iam
per head per annum . , , 1 ov £ 1 Hertford , at a publio meeting , pret ^ oi { the mayor , has unanimously agreed to new Reform movemeati
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p ^ — « m * r > May 20 , 184 & THE NORTHERN STAR . . —— -- - — ^ 2 . ui ^ - .- * «~— _
Gblbaaared Tdaocoupcr Tse Globe. Holloway'tointment.
GBLBaaArED TDaocoupcr tse globe . HOLLOWAY'TOINTMENT .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1848, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1471/page/2/
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