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Prtntedby DOUUAL M'GOWAN, of 16, Orea* Window*
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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MORE CHARTIST ARRESTS . The Rev . Joseph BarkeTTof Steffi-M , wm appreended en Monday eraiiog , at Bolfcn , by Police aperintendent Beswick . ol Manch&tsr , i ¦» ¦ >««(¦ at « , on a bench warrant , ip « d by H **™ ¥ * !« esswdl . atthetate Liverpool awiKS . npon mimi » tt 3 & ^» & « Se tTBoltoa to deliver a political lecture , and S a viewTgolrg through the form of addressing he electors yes'erday as a candidate , fromthe has . Sf ™ Of curse , the latter object was frustra ed ,
iah the election at Bolton had been fixed to con :, wnoe atten t ' cbck . the hour at which Mr Barker ras brought before the magistrates at Maachfeter . Then brooght before the bench respectable bail was ende rea . and he was set at liberty . On the previous ay White , the Bradford Chartist , who had been aken by the Manchester police before , bat not on a rarran t , was brought before the magistrate ? , inladed in the same indictment a <« Mr Bstker , asd was feo helri to bail , himself in £ 100 and two sureties ach in £ 50 . It was stated that he was previously
nder sureties on another charge of the same nature . Asoihbb Chastist Commoted —On Monday , beire the fitting magistrates , at the Court House , jrsdford , J-: < hn Smyth , teeretary to the Chartist ooncil in the town , and the principal leader of the Jaar lists in thatlocility , was Draught np for further xamiaati-n . The police produced a number of apara and d ocuments found in Smyth ' s home on the light of the 23 d of AnEuat , when he was appielended . which clearly shewed his connexion with the
Chartist Bovementa in the neighbourhood . Aperon named Michael Flinn , a member and secretary if one of the Chartist eecfens , proved that Smyth lad acted es the secretary of the Chartist council it Bradford during the late disturbances and mediated outbreak . The magistrates resolved to commit 5 myih to York Castle for trial at the next gaol deivery . They refused bill , and he was forthwith ¦ ent off to York . The three ether prisoners , namely , John Bentlsy , Nathan Smith , and T . Bentley , were lischarged , there not beicg sufficient evidence against
Buem . I Chaetkt Appeehessioss at Sadbixwomh —On Ta&dsy night , apartf of police awesttd the following persons at Saddleworth , on a charge of Eeditica and ajnf piracy in attempting to create an nnlawful as Eenbh :-George Platt , William Lillie , John Robinna Totnbin ? , Thomas Wild , John Kershaw , John Hunt , John Posson . James Nield , James Lees , Joseph Ogden , John Walker , and John Farral . Skcohd : Abbmt op Mb Gbokob Whits . —On Sunday Jast , George White , one of the Chartists ineluded in the late indiotment at Liverpool , was apprehended under a bench warrant , at Rochdale , by
Superintendent Fowler , of the county constabulary . On the following morning , he was brought np at the Borough Court , to give bail for his appearance at Liverpool . In answer to questions fromthe bench , he said he resided in Bradfoid ; that he had lately been engaged ia conducting a email periodical in this town ; and that he paid £ 7 a-year rent for his house . The prisoner was then required to find bail in two sureties in £ 50 each , and his own recognisances in £ 100 . —Prisoner : I am already under two fifties , and I am not holding such a situation as to warrant such bail . —Mr Maude : —I have nothing to do with any ether charge in any other place . —The prisoner then milied that the bail might be divided amongst
tetbtaI sureties . —Mr Beswick said it was ordered at Liverpool , that if the prisoners could not find two sureties in £ 50 , four in £ 30 would be accepted . — Mr M&nde said if the prisoner could not find the bail now required , it would be open to make an application for a similar division . The prisoner was _ tsn removed . Bubt . —Akoxhib Aerkst asd Couurmi ,. —On Monday last , Joseph Booker , of Woolfield , a schoolmaster , was apprehended by Superintendent Sellari , and taken before the Heywcod magistrates , charged with having , on the 13 : h of August last , used seditious language at Hey wood . He was committed for trial , but was afterwards admitted to bail , his sureties being Mr David Thomas , cloth manufacturer . Aear-stxeet ; and Mr John Jones , lamplighter * sd news-agent , Piff lcesstreet . —Mmcftuler
Guar-CoHHIHALGF THE BRADFORD CHARTISTS . —The prfaoaen apprehended during the past fortnight 03 a charge of being concerned in the widespread conspiracy throughout these districts , were brought before ths magistrates in their private room at the Court house on Saturday laBt , The nine perbosb apprehended on the evening of the 23 rd of Aug . ia their club-room , in Silsbridge-lane , were first placed at the bar ; their names were D . Lindon , A . itntton , T . Wilkinson . T . Ibbotson , E . Wilman , Bidehalgh , J . Hellawell , E . Power , and W . Wood . —Police SuDerintendent ; Ingham proved that he , with other officers , apprehended the prisoners ia the Chutist Club-room , in Victoria-street , Sihbridgeiane ; that E . Power had in his possession several books , an ink-tand , pen and pencil ; and that in the books were entered a ? 'leaders ' the names of Ride-&aSgh , Power , Wilman , WilkiHsoryT . Ibbotson , Hellawell , Lindon and Strattoa . —Policeman Wood swore
to having seen all the prisoners taking a part in GhartistprooesHonsat various time ? , particularly on Sunday , the 28 h May , when a precession left the town towards Padding-hill , where a Chartist meeting was being held . —A person named Ribert Emmett , an engine tender , residing in Victoria-street , Silgwidgr-lane , was the principal witness examined . — Be stated that he had lived ia Bradford six month ? . He knew all the prisoners except Lindon . They met inthesection-rooni . Victoria-street , Silsbridge-lane . Power was the secretary , and he had heard him call aver the names . They subscribed nnney to purchase pikes . A great maay pikes were purchased . Bach nan took bis own pike home . They were to Lht for the Charter wib . thsse tik « t . They had ta'fced as to what would be the best plan to . take Bradford , and seiz ? upon the magistrates and hold them as hostages until scch time as government granted the Charter . The rule was to have a cor .
paral for every fourteen men , and a sergeant for every twenty-eight , and a superintendent officer for every forty men . The sergeant , whose name was Wilson , had absconded . Wood and Hellawell were both corporals . Witness was chosen fora superior officer , to inspect the drilling , to sea when the ; were complete . He had a pike brought to bis house by "Wilson , who helped him to put it on the staff . The Na . 1 section , whioh consisted of 700 , and of which witness was a member , were to take np the gas works and tferow the town at that end into darknea . He had heard many discussions in the section as to the plan of taking the town . The plan of taking the town was discussed the week before Bradford sum-¦ kt fair . —The prisoners were severally committed for trial at the next York assize , the bail required of kqbeing twoturetia in £ 100 each , and themselves tt £ 2 W . —The other prisoners in custody were farther remanded till Monday .
Chartism at Bradford —On Monday last three ¦ en named Berjamin Laycook , Francis Cannedy , and Paul Holdswortb , and a woman named Martha HotaK ^ wera brought before the magistrates at Betsford , charged with assault and robbery . The eeaplaint aso » e ont of the committal of the nine Jssbobs to York Castle for seditious conspiracy . It Mtsu that when Robert Emmett , the chief witness ¦ nust those prisoners , was going to his residence in KCtoriaatreet , Silsbridge lane , about ten o ' clock , he eaantered a large number of his neighbours who were assembled for the purpose of giving him a warm reception in consequence of his having acted the fartofwhat they termed a'spy , ' and having ' reamed blood money . ' Emmett had no soonar
appaced in the street than he was attacked by several of the mob . He fought with tome of his aasailajits , ssibtload threat ! against bis life , and it was only * taa he declared he would drown a person , whom he te beld by the hair of the head , beneath the waterat »• bottom of Victoria-street , where he had taken nfege from bis assailants , that they ceased to attack la * although the more violent were nrged to kill ksa . en the plea that he would know some of them . and taey would be punished on a subsequent occasion . In tke attack , a sharp instrument was applied to Emsatt a person , in the endeavour to cut his pockets away , and he was thus deprived of hid pockets , con * tuning lls : 4 d ., and severely wounded ia the abdoan . The prisoners were apprehended on Saturday afternoon , and on Monday Emmett identified them a » h * ving taken a principal part in the attack and lofebery . They were all committed to York Castle
fer trial at the next aro ' za . Several ether parties ¦© wanted ; ' but since Saturday Victoria-street , ^ ieh is a stronghold of Chartism , has been deserted If its male inhabitants , no fewer than thirty-six per-¦ bbshaving absconded—When this cause had ben iiposedof , three women , named Sarah Lindon , Ann aatweU , and Rosanna Power ( wives of well-known © artiste ) , and two of whose husbands werecoamitted m Friday ; , and a young man named Joseph Laycock , verealso brought np , charged with threatening the He of Ann Emmett , wife of R . Emmett . They were repaired to enter into seeuriue 3 for their good behaikjBT . and were removed to the eel's in default of sjuetieg . The police removed Emaetr / s goods on Saturday evenin ? , and he is now living in another lart of the town . He is to be removed to Manohes . fcr , for there is at present neither peace nor safety for km in Bradford .
ExuniuneH or Chartists at Ashhmc . —On Wed-¦ ssdar themen charged with being aoceaory to the T ? *! ^ nEb ' & P ° lice « niu > , were again brought W »* the Town Hall , Ashton . They are eight in w ^ w :-Joseph Constantino , Thomas T » ker . MmSefton Thomas Kenworthy . Thomw Lattimer Wrifiam Parker , James Wriglef , and WilHaSwE tafcatom .-Mr Newton , the chief constable , not BSedfor a farther remand till Monday next , when 1 » believed he should be in a paaition to brine the ¦ Ktistryevidence againstthem . The prisoners exliwsed great dissatisfaction at this application , » ja « they wuhed their trial to csme on u soon n i « bl 3 . but they were told by the magistrates that *» « asnotto be their final trial ; thlt worid wt « sme wi tdl next assizes—Mr John Broska , attor-¦ ey , who appeared for Wrigley , nrged that the furmt remand of the prisoners was oncon ititutional ,
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and oontendrd that tnfra wag noev : deco : against them , as Mr Newton enly stated that he believed he should have evidence next Monday . He thought that Mr Newton was not the proper person to judge what evidence was acceptable in the case , beoavss the evidence given to him would not be on oath , as it would be in court . There was a great difference between evidence before the magistrates and before the chief constable . The magistrates , however , overruled this objection , and granted the remand applied fcr .
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WHAT H TO BE DONE WirH CHARTISM AND THE CHARTISTS ? ( From Douglas Jerrold ' s Newspaper . ) Modern Chartism ; in it » original form , lithe offering oi Whig finality . The spirit of its early principles was a tolemn protest against the treachery and violated promises of the authors of the Iteform Bill . While the popular party were struge'ing to effect the annihilation of rotten boroughs and the enfranchisement of the large towns , they first called the middle classes to their aid , but finding this assistance , however powerful , insufficient to carry out the measures proposed , they called into existence the political unions ; and to ensure their zealous corporation , a distinct pledga was given to the working classes that they should receive the suffrage from tno gratitude ani justice of the reformed parliament . The victory was gainedthe middle classes shared its fruits -
, , but the mechanics and artisans were not enly forgotten by those whom they had contributed to raise to power , but their remonstrances were laughed at , and their peti . tions spurned , The deception thai had been practised wns now transparent ; it was manifest that the real objsct of tbe movement was simply to elevate \ Wggery on ths ruins of Toryism ; thai thelibor ' ty of the millions was never contemplated ; that tkey were used as tools with a premeditated design to treat them as dupes . It was said of the lafeEarl Grey that he shuddeied on looking at the Frankenstein of his own creation , and as much to quell his own fears as those of ethers , lie solemnly avowed that he would stand or fall with his own order . ' Lord John Russell , at that time one of his subordinates , teok the cue from his terrified chief , and proclaimed finality . He resisted the motions of Mr Tennjson D'Eyncourtto
substitute triennial for septennial parliaments , und defeatedMrGrote on the ballot . Honourable men , who respected the faith of promises , blu « hed at tbe tergirersation of their leaders ; the Whig majority dwindled away to an evanescent fraction , for their moral power was lost wheu their treachery was avowed ; they retreated on expediency , for when men have violated truth , they are not unprepared to equivocate -with justice , they shuffled and haggled ; and , as the last desperate effort to regain their forfeited popularity , proposed to interfere with those Corn Laws wMch their prime minister , Lord Melbourne , had just before declared were so sacred that none but madmen would venture to disturb their enactment . Amid' the curses of hate and the hissings of scorn , ' they were hurled from office , and Toryism , which the Whigs might have exterminated forever , once more placed its hani on the helm of State .
While these events were progressing ; , the more intelligent and high minded of those who were the leaders oi the political unions , deeply and justly aggrieved at the perfidy of which they bad been the victims , determined to make an effort to obtain those electoral righisguaranteed to them by the Whigs ; and with these views they adopted , word for word , the principles drawn up by the Duke of Richmond , in 1780 , and embodied them in the document known as the People ' s Chnrter . ' When this new move , ment was 8 rst organised , not a syllable was breathed of physical force ; every man relied for success en moral power . But political speculators soon came upon the scene , seekiug to turn the agitation to pecuniary profit and personal aggrundisement Cuuning suggested a newspaper as the special organ of the new doctrines , and it soon degenerated iuto an organ of man worship . Every one who disdiined to be the tool of a dictator was hunted down ; an agent was appointed in every town to
invent falsa reports ; there was tobs no rWal near the thron * ; the profits wers to be tmsha « d ; and , in the a » u » eef freedom , the press denounced all independeno * of thought , all liberty of aetion . They who founded the Charter were disgusted at the Intolerance of the political mountebank who affected the yirtu * of an Aristidss and the wisdom ot a S » lon ; they retired from the contest , and fcflthe game ia the hands of the betrayer of the causa . Then excitement superseded calm reflection , for xcittraentinoreased the circulatioa of the newspaper , ndfromitartse the hateful doctrine of physical force . The public were told that they must choose between the leadership of Feargus O'Connor or that of Peel or Russell ; and ths goad and wiss did » ot husitate to mslce a very obvious choice . Thus , as finality gave birth to Chartism , sodid physical lorce organise Conservatism . In both cases libert- was destroyed by professing Liberals , the charlatans of politics .
At length the truly Liberal party attempted a new combination , under the title « f the ' Complete Suffrage As . sociatioa- The excellent Mr Sturge was Ub president . It failed , chiefly through the ruffianism of physical fires , which rudely interrupted the meetings at the command of a dictator , as it . also interrupted the meetings of the Anti Corn Law League . Emboldened by 6 ucc 38 s , Chartism braved the law of the land , and many of these deluded men expiated their offences by imprisonment and transportation . But liberty did not spring from their martyrdom ; they had injured instead of aided the causs of popular enfranchisement ; they had alarmed property , and property called for the enactment of new penal laws , wbich strengthened the oligarchy , and put new weapons into the bands of misrule . This insane conduct has again manifested itself within the last few weeks , and what has been tbe first result of the madness ? Why the police have been drilled ia the use of the musket , and row
parade rte streets with a cutlass at their sides . True liberty mouras over this addition to tbe standing army , and when it seeks its author , it finds it in physical force Chartism . Freedsm has suffered more from its false friends than irom its real foes . We have seen that Whig treachery organised political disaffection , and that the teachings of Feargus O'Connor revived the strength of Toryism , emasculated by tbe Reform Bill . We consider him and Lord John Russell as the two greatest enemies of rational liberty who have figured since 1832 , albeit their tactics have been very dissimilar . Lord John smote freedom when he destroyed the moral prestige of his own party ; O'Connor aided despotism when he broke up the original Chartist party by encouraging physical force , denouncing good men who combined for the national welfare to make personal tools of bad men who conspired against peace and order . But we pass from these quacks t > consider ' What is to be done with the Chartists V
It is our conviction that the physical force gCLtry are numerically insignificant , and that their real influence is as insignificantas are their numbers . We are also satisfied that they would wholly disappear and no longer belieard of , if the government merely showed a disposi . tion to act on principles of justice . There is enough of enlightenment in the country to persuade the great body of the people that their only hope of political redemption lies in moral power , and it is precisely because they have that perception that they to heartily despise the moral obliquity of their rulers . It is ustless to disguise what is notorious ; the people have no respectforparliament , nay , they absolutely contemn it , and this , after all , is the most fearful sign of the times . The mechanics and artisans of Britain have no desire to eat their bread in idleness , but they reasonably expect fair compensation for fair work , and that they do not receive . The bulk of the taxes is drawn from their iadustry , and tnoy have no share in
voting or distributing them . When eraploymentis eagerly sought for , but without success , the operative is treated as a criminal , thrust into a Union , and separated from his wife and family . In his case poverty is not a mis . fortune , but a high offence against the State . Tbe government will not accept his proff jred labour , because that would violate the rules of a miserable political economy , wbich , in defiance of the teachings of Christ , says , ' Thou shalt not love thy neighbour as thyself / and sets at naught the holiness of the Samaritan principle . But this very government , under the inspirations of political economy , takes upou Itself to annihilate employment , as in the recent prohibition of railways ; it does so , when it shackles trade by tariffs and forces industry into unprofitable channels ; It does so when it admits from other countries thosa commodities which we can ourselves produce , and excludes those wbich we cannot produce ; it does so , when it throws the labour of convicts into compe : ition with the labour of honest meu , guiltless of crime ; it does so , when it limits the amount of legal tender and fixes the price of coined gold . It is tyranny such as this ,
trickery such as this , that maddens a Hungry people hi to fury , and causes thea to hate the institutions under which they live and by wbich they are oppressed . The people know that political reform is not an end , but the means to an end . The end sought for is tbe en . joyment of existence , so that life may be a blessing , not a curse . Tb « y therefore demand the electoral suffrage as an instrument by which they may secure to themselves a just share of that wealth which their labour produces . It is false to say that they desire the destruction of property ; on tbe contrary , their complaint is that their owu property ia not respected . They recognise the distinction between ¦ mine and thine , ' and simply demand that they may have the benefit of th « principle involved in that distiactlsn . But how can this be if they are exeluded fr » m all power in the choice of their rulers f Were they ruled wisely and justly , and if their condition bore testimony to that wisdom and justice , It is very probable they would be content to leave the stewardship of their affair * where it is bow deposited ; but it happens that they are wronged , and therefore ii it that they demand redress .
Webeliave that modern statesmanship utterly mistakes the age with which it has to deal . It looks teo much at the past , too little at the present . It follows old preoedents , fearing to create new oneB . When Lord John Russell is drives into a corner , he quotes Fox ; Peel retreats upon Harris , the aiBay . master of Queen Anne , Administrative wisdom consist ! in conserving property in its transmitted form , regardless of the claims of existing industry . The principle of progress is admitted , but stationary tactics are acted upon . We inherit a hure debt , and we must keep faith with the public creditor that secured , no heed is taken of the public debtor . Taxes cannot be remitted becau . e dividends must be paid , and to give additional security fur payment , taxes must be increased to maintain an army and a police bj which payment m » y b « enforced . Power shitu the weight of fiical burdens on the powerless ; theteforepower pur . chases a ( tat In parliuraunt , and disfranchises those who might otherwise protest against the injustice of the arrangement . Wo thus arrive at the government of a class , the object at which it aims , and the it ana by wbich it attaint lu ascandanoy . Here alee we l&d the fuel whUh feed * the flame of Chartism .
The scitlon of parliament , now drawing to a close , hat dono nothing to conciliate the disaffected . It has extliittuUhedeven hope , and preached resi gnation in the withering language of despair . It hai displayed no other activity than the activity of coercion . Though , in six montbi , our exports have fallen off to the extent of five millions , indicating a corresponding want of employ , ment among our productive classes , nothing bus teen done to invigorate commerce , or rectify the loit balancs of foreign trade by promoting the home trade . Luckj it the man in business who can p » y his way . None can accumulate , save the usurers , and their gains are taxes on iBdustry . Our burdens increase , while our means dimlalsh , sure indications of a sinking empire , undormined from within by minuterial incompetency . assailed from without by civic insubordination .
" To put down Chartism , wo must deal differently with the two sections of which it is composed . T > e atrone hand ofthe law must be brou . ht to bear on the advocates of payrical forcej this the public safety demands as well as the real interests of rational reform , which can never progress or win ov « r friends while the integrity of pubUc order is assailed . With those Chartists who seek for the exercise of constitutional rights through moial power , we must deal in a spirit cfju . tice , and concede atoncewhatcannot be indefinitel y postponed . No so phistry can gloss over the injustice of taxing men who are not represented . Statesmanship may raodifv the desire of exercising the suffrage , but It cannot deny the right . It can only modif y the desire by making men happy under the institutions which govern them , for theu obedience is wi lingly paid . If , then , the oligarchy nieh to retain in their own hands a monopoly of lovern menUhsy must take on their owu shoulders thfexclu ' siv » burdens of the State . Thev must « iWiti , f !? ¦' . for indirect taxation . They mav thw h « » . , * dtrw ! mmmM ? n «^« » 11- theoll Kawhymay rest assured , that , inspite of soldiers and police , the extinction oftliair erder is not distant unless they can so contrive that every man . able and willing to work shall find employ-
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ment at remunerating wages , whatever their pieudopolitical economy may aver to tbe contrary . Better that revenue should nil than that humanity should parish : better sponge out the debt than exterminate life ; and the loss would not be insupportable , should coronets and mitres disappear , provided men remained . AUDDIN .
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THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . The Labourer . Nob . XIX , XX ., and XXI . A full , minute , and accurate history of the rise , progress , and present position of the National Land Company , will be found in the numbers ef the magazine at the head of this notice . The voluminous evidence taken before the late Seleot Committee ot the House of Commons on the subject , has bees carefully and impartially condensed into a readable ab etract and narrative , which , apart from its intrinsic value as the veritable history of one of the most praotical and comprehensive attempts that has ever been made to promote the independence of the work ing classes , must also , possess for the thousands who have embarhed their little capital in the enterprise , a direct personal interest .
We know of uo surer foundation for pnblio confidence , than publicity to all business tramaotions ; and in the course of tbe protracted examination instituted by the Select Committee , every possible ramification of the Company ' s affairs w « 3 minutely investigated , and the results fully get forth in tbe evidence . The important , and ia one sense invaluable , financial reports of Meaura Grey and Finlayson , present an accurate view of tbe whole of the monetary transactions up to the period they were made ; and we may safely say that an f ^ ual amount ef integrity , er a greater spirit of devotion and self-wcrifioe , never was displayed than by Mr O'Connor , as shown by those documents , which it was hoped would crneh him for ever as a public man .
A large portion of the number for the current month ( XXI . ) is occupied by a lucid and dispassionate review of the evidence , and an abstraot ot the proposals for obviating the legal objeotiom to the Company elicited in the examination . The writer follows the evidence step by step , and by an acute analysis of it , places the real questions at issue in a plain and business-like point of view , under the several heads of funds ; formation of the plan ; legality of the Company , and its practicability under the separate beads ; of the practicability of the Small Farm System , and the practicability of locating the shareholders on small farms within a reasonable time . The conclusion of tbe review deals with the plan in its Booial and political aspect as a remedy for existing national distress ; and we cannot give a better idea of the style and Bpirifc in whioh the whole question is treated than by extracting this part of the review : —
The real government of thli country has been for a great number of years in the hands of the dieelples of Malthut and Dr Adam Smith , an * under their ausplceB an Industrial and commercial system has grown np of the most unsound and vicioui description . The anergies of the country have been turned into wrong ohannelB , tnd the groat bulk of the population made dependent on the demand In foreiga markets for manufactured g « ods , instead of being employed in the production of the first necessaries of life . The ' Manchester Sohool , ' ai Mr Dlwaeli ealli fee
party headed by Mr Cobaen , have , of late yean , exerUd themselves vigorously to extend the sphert and opera * tioaa of this system . The great object of all their efforts hat been to find out new markets ( bread , and to render tbe industrial clones ( till more dependent on them for work end food . It appears , however , to have aicapedthe attention of thii party , that there were natural and political agencies at work , whioh must inevitably counteract their tfforts , contract the number of profitable markets , and Inoreaie the number of competitors In these markets .
It is natural and proper for every nation todevelope to the utmoit the induairy of its population and its territorial capabilities . Commerce and manufactures are as neoessarj phaies of society as the pastoral , hunting , and purely agricultural stages which precede them . To luppoie that we should be allo * ed to maintain exelailve and undisturbed postegsioa ofthe new produotlre maoblnery invented by modern iclence , wa « ridiculous ; &nd has been shown conclusively to be ao by the Industrial history of every nation , especially during the last quarter of a century .
Our old and near cuitomen on the continent of Europe have gradually acquired tbe power of supplying themselves with many tbioga which they were obliged to take from us at tbe commaacement of the present century . Some ot them , besides attaining this point , go farther , and manufacture goods whioh not only compete succeBBfull y with oum in neutral markets , but are actuall y Imported Into our own markets and drive out the articles of the home manufacture . The same thing has been gotag on in the Halted States of North America ; year b y year , their manufacturing capabilities have been developed , and their machinery augmented , and there U every probability , that , in tbe course of a comparativel y ihort period , they will beat ui In every market in the world ; they have posiesden of natural and political advantages against which It is Impossible for ub to maintain oar ground In the long run .
The attempts to open new markets by suooeislve free trade measures , have bo for proved & melanchol y and complete failure . Bat , even were we to gaeoeed in doing so to the utmoit extent the advooates of that polloy antldpate , w » muBt ask if wt could keep exolu-« lva pssseiBlon « f theae markets 1 Our youog rival , with all Us gigantic energies fresh and unencumbered ' wouM enter them along with u « . On fashionable free trade principles , it would have a right to do io , and it would beat us . Having considered this eurjaot very carefully , and with an anxioua dtiireto ascertain the truth , we have
come to the conc . uBian that the manufacturing system of Great Britain has culmlnaUd . Thenewoirouuutauoin that have grown up around nt have totally altered our mercantile and manufacturing relations to other ooun . tries . It will be Impossible la future , by our preient arrangements , to essure work and wages to the opera . tiveB in the manufacturing district ! . Fitful and brief glimpies of prosperity may occasionall y brighten the darkness , but the time hat come when It is necessary to look at ourpoaiiion calmly and carefully , and alter our Industrial arrangements In suoh a way as to av « t the evih which must inevltabl / result from blindly pursuing t
our preseneourte . We look forward to the deoline and ultimate extlnotton of the manufacturing system withostfear or regret ; the pulse of the nation has beaten feverishl y daring the whole of its existence ; the delirium of a paroxjam , or the feebleness of a oollapse , have followed each other in succession , and the sooner the country is saved from suoh alternations the better . But the millions who now depend on that ayatem for subsistence , ramt be provided for in time by some o * ir means In order to do this , we believe that our past policy must bo reversed , and that , instead of leokiag to foreign markets for salvation , we mutt oreate , devalope , and sustain a good Home Mabmt .
Tne Plan of the Land Company alma at accomplishing this great and important objeot . Iaattad ef employ , lug a , large portion of our population In the production ofartloles for which there may be either no market at all , or if Bold , it must be « t prices whioh do not remun * . rate the labourer , the promote * of the Land Company propose to employ those for whom tbe preient system falla to provide work aad wages , In prodnolog the first articles of human subtUtence , and in adding to the raw material on whleh manufacturing industry may be afterwards applied . A man who ban been employed In working up a bag of Amerioan cotton into iblrts to be worn at Sierra Leone , it by no means in so good a po . Bltlon , or no useful a labonrer , as tbt man who has pro duoed out of English Und-Jtoow »/ ar « -coro , potatoes , vegetables , park , and batter , to be carried to the naamt market and there sold for the lubslstunoe of his neigbbours , after ko has first deducted what is requisite for the comfortable and healthy maintenance of hlmielf and family .
In the evidence of Mr Revatu , and , indeed , through , out the whole of the examination , it seens to bare been taken for granted that the allottees were necessarily to be strictly oonfined toagrlcultufftlUbo » r al * ne . This is sot the case . In Norway , where one man la every twonty-two is a landed proprietor , and the estates are very small , we find tbat agrlonltuie and manufactures are carried on conjointly . The whole nation , acoording to the teitlmony of Mr Lalng—one of the best informed travellers—we well lodged , well fei , and well olothed in tbelr household manufactures , Inisare and peace of mind are largely enjoyed by them , and the feverish excitement whioh pervades Engllih socloty under the ttifa of the EconomUta is unknown . Mr Lalng swb :-
1 They farm , not to raise produce for aale , so maoh as to grow every thing they eat , drink , and wear in their own families , They build their own houiee , make their own chairs , tables , ploughs , cart » , harnesi , iron work , basket and wood work , in ehort , except window glass oast Iroa ware , and pottery , everything about their houses it of their own faoricatloa . There is not pro . bably In Europe , to great a population in so happy a condition aa those Norwegian Yeomanry , ' Now , although the allottees of the Laad Company kave their homes built for them by the Company in the first Instance , yet the prinolp ' . e of self-support and do .
mestlo manufactures , to described k y Mr Lalng to producoauoh happy results In Norway , would , If applied here , be generally benefiolal . Every allottee ' s dwellls * during the long night . , and the wet unworkable 7 . Z f $ winter , ma , beoomea oheerfal Boene of ia . door Industry . A allor or a shoemaker will not loie the ' canaI ° , \ ^^^" . ' Beoaawthey h » ve learned in addition how to handle a spade . The new potltion in whioh the occupants of these small fatmB will be placed , will , no doubt , gradually d « velope new relations—oon joined with Individuality of poase » Blon , co-operation of labour for general purpoiet and general benefit will spontaneously grow up among them , and the whole b-.
mg in poBieislon , in the first inttanoe , of the power of supplying the first mott eateotial wants of our naturethere would be a lasting and aolli foundation laid for national prosperity . Such , we uaderitaod the o ^ jwt of the Land Company to be . It aims at uniting tke character of capitalist and labourer in the same person , and to emancipate labour from the shackles of commercial feudalism , and placo i < ia a position to act Independently . In the puTBUlt of this
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moit important end most ri « hteout objiot , no doubt errors may be committed , la contequenee of iatxperlenoa —uuexptoted obstructions and unforeseen difficulties may arlte in tbe progress towarda tbe goal . But tbet * re the natural Inoldents to all great undertakings , and thoy can alwayt be surmounted by uaioa and Increased knowledge , arislog from locroaiEd experience . It it a jott , a holy , and an all-important object , and aucceii will confer tbe highest and the purest blessings on all classes of society . That success can oaly be obtained by the working lassi-i of this country rallying round the standard now erected , If they are true to themselves , their ieader will not dentrt them . It « aly requires that they should imitate him in aeal , perseverance , and determination , and that , to tho fullest extent of their pecuniary means , ihoy should supply him vi 1 th the sppliaaoes for realising tbe objeot ,
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MRS OUFFAT . Fellow Coio trymen , — We , the undersigned , make this appeal to you on behalf of the wife of our friend and brother patriot , William Cuffay . Oar object is to place her in a situation in whioh she might be able to obtain a livelihood in her old age . Subscriptions reoeived by Mr Thos . Murrell , Re p ublican Tea stores , 5 . Berwick-street . Soho . aml Mrll . Ford , Chartist baker , 11 , Berwick-street , Soho . Post Offioe Orders to ba made payable to Mr Ford , Signed by the Committee , H . Fobd , T . MnRRKLL , £ . Phillips .
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THE UNEMPLOYED OPERATIVES OF SCOTLAND . I 0 THE BDIIOBOF THK N 0 RTHBBH BTAH . Sir , —Permit me ,, through the medium of your valuable journal , to lay before your readers and the publio a true statement regarding the present condition ef . the unemployed operatives of Glasgow , some thousands of whom are in a worse condition than they were before the public took up their case in April last . The men have been thrown entirely on their own resources since the 26 th of AugUBfc , in consequesce of the relief committee being without funds , and the authorities refuse to allow them to hold open air meetings . Through the kindneBS , however , of the proprietors of the Viotoriaand Demooratio Halls , the unemployed have met there since that period , and deputations from the meetings jhave waited upon the Lord Provost and others of the magistracy ,
vmo said they could do nothing for them , but that they were to ro in search of harvest work . We wiah the publio to judge whether men accustomed to in-door work from infanoy , such as moulden . ootton-Bpinners , cloths « lappers , printers , &c , without a sickle or the means of obtaining one , could work at reaping . But the magistrates say ' Go and offer youwelf for half-price . ' A number ' of men did go to a farmer , and told him what the LnrdProvoataaid , and offered their services fer their victuals . Tho farmer said' I would rather give a regular reaper five shillings per day , and tell the Lord Provost , from me , that I will eive him my servant , who cannot write , to be his clerk , for half of that he pays for one . ' The oper riives therefore appeal te the publio in their present emergency to consider what ought or should be done . N . B . Tbe Committee will sit daily to receive donations , clothes , or food , in the Victoria Hall , No . 19 , Gallowgate-street , Glasgow . Hugh Fclioh .
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FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . Djswjburt .. —A district delegate meeting will be held in the Chartist ' s meeting-room , on Sunday , September 24 'h , when delegates from each locality in the district are requested to attend . Stalibridob . —The meetings of this branch will , in future , be held on Sundays , at two o ' olock , p . u-, commencing to-morrow , the lfth instant . Birmikgham . —The dutrict meeting of the National Chartist Association will be held at the People ' s Hall , Lower Lovoday-streot , Birmingham , on Sunday , the 24 th of September , when delegates will be expected from eaoh locality in the district , at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . John Williams , corresponding secretary for Birmingham , 68 , Princess street , Birmingham , where all communications will be promptly attended to .
Hull —A general meeting of the Chartist body will be held on Sunday evening , September 17 th , at the Temperance Hotel , Blanketrow . at seven o ' clock . —The National Land Company will bold their meetings in the Wilberforce-rooms , every Tuesday and Friday evenings . Leeds . —Mrs Theobald will deliver a lecture to nrnrrow evening , in the large room of the Baz » r . Glasgow . —A discussion will take place in the Democratic Hall , 44 , Troogate , on Sunday evening , the 17 th September , at bj ' x o ' clock , when all parties agreeing to the rules will be allowed to take part in the debate . Subject : — ' Are the people of Great Britain sufficiently intelligent to wield the franchise . ' Publio discussions will take place every Sunday evening , at the above hour , until further notice . Old Shildon . —The Land members of this branch will meet in their room on Sunday afternoon Sept . 17 th , at two o ' clook , on business of importance .
Todmordin . —The Chtrtists of this locality will hold a Beries of tea parties and balls during the fair , viz ., —a ball on Thuwday the 28 ih inst . ; tea parties and balls on Friday and Saturday the 29 th and 30 th ; tea on the table each evening at five o ' clook , dancing to oommenoe at six . Newcastle . —The Chartist members and friends of the Newcastle branch areiuformed that subscription-sheets are opened for , the Victim and Defence Funds . Subscriptions to the above fuads will be thankfully received by M . Jude , the local treasurer , and forwarded to ths proper parties .
IpawioH . —The members of the Chartist Asaocia . tion are informed that meetings will be held at the Ca&tle Ion , Lower Orwell-street , every Monday evening , until further notice . —A . special meeting will b « held on Monday next , the 18 th iustant , to eleot offiovrs for tbe ensuing quarter . All member ! are required to attend . Chartiits ! think of the victims . Oldham . —On Sunday next , September 17 th , a lecture will be delivered ia the sohool room of the Working Man ' a Hall , at six e ' olock in the evening , by a friend .
Mr S . Ktdd will lecture at 83 , Dean-atreet , Soho , ou Sunday evening , the 17 th instant , at half-past seven o ' olock . Subject : ' Is the Irish Rebellion put down , and by what means ?'—Mr Eydd will alto deliver a lecture , on the aame eubjeot , at the South London Chartist Hall , Webber-street , Blackfriara , on Monday evening , the 18 ft instant , at eight o ' clock , when collections will be made is aid of the Liberty Fund . Lower Wablkt . —A distriot delegate meeting will be held at Lower Warley , on Sunday afternoon , the 17 th mat ., » t two o ' clock , wken all localities in tho district are expected to send a delegate . Halifax—Mr J . Snowden will lecture in the Chartist room , Bull Close-lane , on Sunday , the 17 th inst Doors open at lix o ' olock , leoture to commence at half-past » ix .
Towia Haulms . —The distriot committee met on Tuesday evening , at the Globe and Friends , and appointed J . H . Shepherd secretary pro . t « m . —The delegates are requested to attend at the above house on Tuesday next , at eight o ' clook . —A duouBsion will take place on Sunday evening at eight o ' clock , at the Globe and Friends , Morgan-street , Commercialroad . Hanuy . —A lecture will be delivered in the Christian Brethren ' s Room , Sneyd Green , near Hanley , at six o ' clo : k on Sunday evening cext , ths 17 th instant . Nbw Babfqbd . —A meeting of the members and friendiof the Land and Charter Associations will be beld at the Raven Inn , on Sunday evening next , at seven o ' clook preoiaely , when . Mr Sweet wOl address the meeting .
Sundebland .--A lecture will be delivered on the Moor , on Sunday next , at eight o ' olook , by Mr Dickenson , when a collection will be made for the Victim Fund . NEwcABiLE-oroN-TTsi . — The adjourned general quarterly meeting of this bnnoh of the Land Company will be held in M . Jude ' a long room , on Monday evening September 18 th , atBeven o ' olook . —A distriot delegate meeting ofthe Land Company will beheld it M . Jude ' a , Cock Inn , head of the side , Newcastle , on Sunday , September 17 th , at two o ' olook , Thr Newcabtlk-dpok-Tynb branch of the National Co-operative Benefit Society meet in M . Jude ' B loEgrooro . eyery Tuesday evening , at eight o ' olook . Persons desirous of being enrolled in the above society , willplesie to apply to the secretary , on any Tuesday evening , between the hours of eight and
Mabtmboss—A members' meeting willjtake place at the Coaoh Painters' Arraa , Circus-street , Newroad , on Sunday evening next , at eight o ' olook , when all olaM leaders are requested to attend . Nkwcasilr-won-Tvhk . —Mr Jjhn WeBt of M « colesfield , will leoture in Martin Jude ' e long room , on Sunday evening , September 17 th , at seven o ' olook . Roohdal * . —On Sunday evening next , September 17 th , Mr Wbittaker of Manchester , will deliver a leoture in the Chartist room , top of Yorkshirestreet , Rochdale . To commence at half-past six o'clnek . LovGHBOKODGH . —The Land members of this district are requeued to meet at the Wheat Sheaf , on Sunday , September 17 , ai six o ' olook in the evening .
Somrbs Tows , —Mr Mernman will leoture at the Bricklayer .- ' Aruw , Tonbridge-streer , New-road , on Sunday evening next . Subjeot : 'The Poor Laws and Home Colonisation . ' To commence at eight o ' olock ' Thi ; Erbbst Jombs Brigadb of the Southward Branch is removed from Kent-streot to the Renub lican ooffje . houBe , 2 , Hunter-street , Dover-road where the meetings are held erery 8 ttnday , Tuesday and Thursday evening . The attendance of the ^ j ^ s asar ^ iM-i * " -
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LATEST FOREIGN NEWS . PALL OF MESSINA Tho important intelligence wai received on Wedneaday morning , by means of telegraph , by the * wnea government , from Marseille * , that Messina had been taken by the Naapolitan troops , after . bombardment of the most frighif ul kind . It is also announoed tbat tbe Sardinian fleet has quitted Venice , and tbat the Austrian fleet is on iti way there . This has produced a report that the government has again ordered a French iquadron to sail for that point . ^
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Mrs FuasELL-We learn that this law-ma . de Widow has opened a ahop , 15 , Pearl Tsrrace , Bag . nig ? e Wells Road , ( nearly opposite the Clerkenwelt Police Court , ) where Bhe will most thankfully » Opply her friends with uewapapera , pamphlets , periodicals , stationary , haberdaehery , tobacco , cigars , iDuffa . &o . The Coal Miners . —The collierg of Adwalton , near . eedg , h&ve opened a lodge at the White Ihtd Inn . or the purpose of petitioning Parliament to grant them an Eight Hours Bill . They hope every mining district throughout Great Britain will assist in this undertaking , aad would be glad to correspond upon ho subject . Address , Mr Samuel Froughton , White Horse Inn , Adwaltoa , near Leeds .
On Tuesday M . Veyron-Laoroix was found guilty n the Court of ABsizi of having published in the rEUPLB Constituakt two articles calculated to « icit 9 hatred and contempt against the Republican govern * ment . He wsb sentenced to imprisonment for air mouths , and to pay a fine of 2 , 000 f . ( £ 80 ) Lodghborougk . —This place has continued in a , state of excitement ever since Whit-Wednesday a « t , police and special conatanblei having been ia frequent requisition . At last the late spcretary was taken by the p 'lice , to see if anything could ba made
sut of him . Ihe police boasted they had a warrant for Mr Skevington , but bo far thty have had their labour for their paina . On Monday , S iptembar ih , a public meeting was held on the subjeot of the Charity Land , when one of the assistant police collated Mr Skevington , at the same time using most abusive language , becnuse MrSkevington commented on the conduct of spies , & ? ., the ani-tant attending : in that capaoity . On the following Thursday , Me Skevington appeared before the magistrates to prefer his complaint , but the inspector refusing to attend without a summans , one was obtained , and , althoughthe case was not fully gono into , ( no witnesses beinf called ) , he was fined 2 a . 6 J . and costs , to the delight of a crowded court .
Exiraorbihart Escape . —Tbe locality of Brad * well and Coggeshall , Essex , Las for a very long period been infested by a daring gang of burglary , to the great terror of the inhabitants . One of the gang , named Wade , was at the last aasizia convioted of burglary , when his confession , coupled with other circumstances led to the belief that Samuel Crow , a cab driver , at the Black Hone Iun , Coggeihall , wae the ringleader of the desperadoes . It has lately been supposed that Crow was concealed on the premises of the Black Horse , kept by a parson named Frenoh , and on Wednesday hat Superintendent Cook entered the house , after having procured a sufficient force to sun round the place . The first person they met was the landlord , to whom they told the objeot of their viiit , when he positively anerted that Crow was not there .
but made some contradictory statements ai to what he knew of Crow ' s whereabouts . The house and premises were then thoroughly searched , and some ofthe polict remained in charge of the house . About half-past tea o ' clook at night they were induced to go into a room over the granary , whioh they had frequently visited duripg the previous parta of the day . In the ceiling of the raom they perceived that a hole which had pre . viously attracted their atteBtion was rendered so much larger as to admu a man ' s body . One ofthe constables turned on his light and ascended the roof , where he had a dis-. inot opportunity of viewing the prisoner crouched in a corner , and immediately cried out , ' Here he is . ' Another policeman , also , had a good view of the orisoner . and
called upon him to surrender , when he said , Don't hit me with jour staves , but go down , and I'll follow you like a man . ' Tte men went down , supposing it was impossible lor Crow to escape from his hiding , plae ? , butthe offioeia had no iooner descended lima their notice was drawn to a loud crash , which waa subsequently found to have been occasioned by the ( risoner daahing through the tiled roof , Beverely acerating one of his hands , and otherwise injuring ms person . The alarm was raised , and the pursuit commenced , but we regret to Bay that Crow escaped by running along the rcof of several housea .
andafter jumping into the garden cf Mr Hunwick , made his way into Abbey-wood . His route has been since traced for some distance , but without leading to a capture . French and gome others have since been apprehended . A brotherof Crow baa also been taken on a charge of harbouring and concealing him , save ral articles of clothing , < fcc , and a handkerchief covered with blood , which belonged to Crow , having been found upon him . Active means are being uua . ' or getting up the evidence against the prisoners already in custody , and in devising measures for the capture of Crow . —Eisex Paper .
The Charge of Felony against Chubb , the registrar of births and deaths , was again investigated at the Liverpool police court on Saturday , and ended in his being fully committed for trial at the assizes . Witham . —Case of Stabbing . —On . Saturday last , Edward Thompson , an Irishman , and tramping hawker , was charged before the Rev Henry Da Cane , at the magistrates' clerk office with having , in the afternoon of the previous day , stabbed Jame 3 Perkinson , a wheelwright , working at Feering , near Kelvedon , in the neck , under the following circumstances : —Thompson was passing by the shop in which Perkinson was at work , when the latter asked Thompson what he would take fer a little dog which he had with him , as it was such
a one as he should like to have , upon which Thompson immediately commenced abusing the complainant , and subsequently threw a stone at him ; wheu complainant left his shop and went into the road , and asked Thompson what he meant by such a proceeding when some ^ ords ensued , and on the complainant approaching nearer to Thompson , the dog in question flew at him and bit his leg ; and whilst complainant was endeavouring to get the dog off , Thompson put his hand into a packet of cutlery which he had with him , and taking a pair of scissors therefrom , stabbed complainant in the neck
with them , as above stated , upon which he was taken into custody . The wounds fortunatel y were not of a dangerous character , and as it appeared the prisoner was under the influence of drink at the time of the offence , and now expressed himself very sorry for the same he was committed for a common assault only to the quarter sessions . —IptwichExpreu . The Uhartisi Prisoners in Newgatb now awaiting trial have been permitted by the authorities to have the tools requisite for shoemaking and tailoring , in which occupation they are daily engaged . The money earned b y them is to be devoted to their defence . —Daily News .
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( From tho Cfatelte of Tuesday , Septer&bcr 19 . ) BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED . Samuel Price , St John ' s-wood-terrnce , Regent ' $ . park vnder . writer . BANKRUPTS . Lawrence Williams Ash , White Lion-atr « et , PentonvHle , corn and coal merchant—John Croudson , Wigaa , Laaca , ¦ hire , money scrivener—John Dillon , Hereford , iron . nj « ng « r-Christopher Green , Beckford-green , Walworthroad , corn and coal merchant—Edward Hammond , Kingston , Surrey , oil crusher—ThemaB Keating , St Paul ' i * churchyard , City , druggist—John Miller , Oxford street , bookseller—Thomas Rowell , Hartlepool , Durham , merchant-William Wallace aud George Dormand , Sunder , land , butchers—John Yates , jun ., Colwieh , Staffordshire * corn factor .
INSOLVENT . Thomas Wright , Longton , Staffordshire , grocer , INSOLVENT PETITIONERS . J Applebee , Smethwlck , Staffordshire , drauchtiman—W Atkins , SkeftMd , covdwainer—R Barlow , Newcastle . under-Lyne , hat manufacturer—T Dumolo , Great-bridge , Staffordshire , provision dealer-A F Fletcher , BilstoH , Staffordshire , butty collier-F Frailer , G .-eat Boltoi , Lancashire , assistant to licensed victuallers-It Halls , Cambridge , tobacconi > t-G Hallifax , Sheffield , shoemaker-J F Hollis , Burcbett ' s green , Berkshire , farmer -J Kettle , Cambridge , butcher-J Lee . Walsall . Stafford .
shire , cabinet maker—W Moody , Ulceby , Lincolnshire , farmer ' s assistant—W Mountford , Tipton , Staffordshire , butty colller-G Newall , Appleton , Cheshire , blacksmith —S Parkes , Oldbury , Worcestershire , journeyman cooper—G Penketh , Wolverhampton , assistant to a grocer —B Phillips , Woherhampton . licensed victualler—S Price , Ruthin , Denbigshire , provision dealer—I Reaney , Sheffield , table blade forger—J ltowberry , Pontjpool , Monmouthshire , ooach propriotor-J Kowley , Man . Chester , colour maker—T Shipman , Liverpool , provision dealer—J Wiustanley , Liverpool , blacksmith—J G P Wood , Wolverhampton , tailor—R Woods , Liverpool , iron , monger .
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS . William Balloon , jun ., Mulrpark , Stirlingshire , faruu * —William Balloch , sen ., Muirpark , Stirlingshire , farmer —John Brown , Lelth , confectioner—Andrew Dourlaa Ferryden , general merchant-Willia m Eccles and William Eccles , jun ., Olasgow , merchants-John Mundell , Edinburgh , stockbroker-Adam Pope , TarvoB , veterinary surgeon-William Shanks , Airdrie , spirit dealer-Jame t Troup and Alexandtr Troup , Strathmlglio , Fifeshire , manufacturew-David Wright , Burn of Cambus , Perthi sbire , manufacturer .
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« re « , uaymaruet , in tho City or WestrnJ .- » ter , attM Office , iu the same Street and Parish , fbrtht > ° froniietor FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., M . P ., and piMdud by William Hewitt , of Ko . 18 , Cbarloa-Btroet , Brani don-street , Walworth , in the parish of St . Mary , Nmiq ingten , lu the County of Surray , at tka O&c ; , ljo , U Great WtodmlH-Btreet , llaymarkif in ths CityofWoW miu » t « r . —Saturday September 16 th , 1849
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THE LATE POISONINGS IN ESSEX . DISCOVERY OF MORE ATROCIOUS MURDERS . A searching investigation Its been set en foot by the authorities , during the last few d * ji , amongBt the inhabitants of Thorp , Kirby , Ramsey . Wix , Mistley , Bradfield , Great Oakley and places adja cent , in consequence of suspicions whioh had been raided that the system . of prisoning which has resulted in the examination of Mrs May , and the committal for trial of Mrs Southgate , has been pursued to a frightful extent in these parishes , and that a far larger number of pets ms than at tint supposed have fallen victims to the diabolical practices which have prevailed , and which have recently been brought to light .
The Tendering Hundred , in which theBe atrocities have been perpetrated , contains thirty parishes , and about 21 , 000 souls . The parishes are very extensive . The instruction of the poor seems to have been neglectid to a moat unusual extent . It is a fact which has been lately advancer ? , that nine out ef every ten of tbe children of these parishes receive no instruction whatever beyond the pernicious example of their ewn parents . The firat discovery made in connexion with this atrocious Bystern was that of William Constable , of the parish of Wix . Suspicion having arisen that he bad been poisoned , his body was exhumed . Mrs May hissiBter-in-law , was found guilty and executed at Chelmsford .
It has since transpired that Mrs May had during her life as many as thirteen children , and it is a remarkable fact that although only two are alive no one knows anything respecting tbe others . The parish registers show nc record of interment , and the authorities , on makirg the most searching inquiries , express their total inability to gain any in formation as to the manner is which the bodies have been disposed of . Owing , it ia said , ; to a confession made by Mrs May , previous to her exfoutioa , the attention of the authorUfei was directed to the case of Thomas Ham . This body was disinterred , and on the evidence that he had been poisoned , his wife was committed on the Coroner ' s warrant to take her trial for the
murder . By the evidence it was shown , that the wife of the deceased ( Ham ) was married to a man named Southgkte a few weeks after her first husoand ' a death . From what has since transpired , there can be no doubt that Soutbgate had been carrying on a criminal intercourse with Mrs Ham prior to her first husband ' s death . As it appearB that whea the investigation into the caaae of Ham ' s death commenced , Mrs Ham , in reply to an observation from Southgate ( to whom by tbat time she was married ) , said , 'Well , John , you know I did it for you . ' The deceased , Ham , hadjieen in perfect health up to within two days of his death . ' When he was taken ill he complained of pains in his body and sickneesi He retched violently , gradually became worse , and died before the surgeon could see him .
The cue t ) which the authorities are now directing : their attention is that of a person named Natbanid Button , formerly a resident in the parish of Ramsey , who died Sept . 30 . 1816 , a few days after the death of Mrs May ' s first husband , about whom same suspicion also exists . No suspicion was at the time at * taohed to the death , and probably nothing weuld have been heard of it had it not been for the two ca ? es already mentioned , and from the fact tint Mis Button had been * asked in church' for another marriage with a man who had been lodging in her house , and who , after the disclosures which had been made , wished tie ceremony to be postponed , ' to see whether they wculd pull Button up . ' It was also ascertained that Mrs Button was on intimate terms of friendsb B
with Mrs May and Mrs Soutbgate . These emsuo .. stances coming to the knowledge of the authorities , they ( as before stated , not having the power of ex . humiDg the bad ;) have transmitted to the Coroner an immense quantity of evidenoe , in order that he may take the necessary steps for fully investigating the matter . From this evidenoe it appears that Button was well until the day before his death , lie was seized with illness after partaking of some food prepared for him by his wife . Scon afterwards he staggered towards the door , purged violently , and threw up large quantities of matter of a greenish colour . He died in a few hours . He had frequently been heard to say he was afraid to take anything from his wife , as he was convinced she wanted to poison him . When informed that her husband ' s body was to be disinterred for the purpose of being
examined , she hastily exclaimed , ' Well , if they find arsenic in his bedy . I am sure I did not put it there . ' During the life of Button his wife was criminally intimate with a man called 'Bobby Peck / a circumstance which created ranch jealousy , and was productive of frequent altercations between the man and his wife . Almost immediately after the death of Button , Peck also died in a sudden and mysterious manner , since whioh time Mts Button has become affianced to another man , and the marriage ceremony has only been deferred in consequence of the circumstances which have come to light . The next case usder examination is that of a per son named Palmer , redding in Ramsey , who died shortly after Button , under somewhat similar circumstances . Almost immediately after his death Mrs Palmer left Ramsey , accompanied by a paramour , with whom she bad been long intimate .
Palmer , it appears , waa a hard-working , industrious man , following the occupation of a farm labourer . He had been at his work until the day before bis death , and up to that time had been in perfect health . After partaking of some food which had been prepared by bis wife , he became sick . He retired to bed , and within a few hours died in the mo&t frightful agony . Tb . 9 case of Phoebe Reade , one of the witnesses against Mrs Soutbgate , is also under investigation . This person was in the service oi Mrs Southgate during the life of her first husband . Tbe authorities were induced to make inquiry into the cage ia consequence of circumstances whioh transpired during the inquest on Ham . Reade deposed that Mrs
mm ( Soutbgate ) had had six children , bat that only one was alive . Mrs Southgate then pointedly asked Reade how many children she had had . Reade ad mitted that she had had five ) ( all illegitimate ) , but that only ene was alive . From the fact that non * of the children have been ill more than a day or thirty hours at the most , the whole of these bodies are to be disinterred . Mrs Soutbgate ' scVildren , six in number , in tbe language of the neighbours , ' dropped off short , ' and were .-opposed to have been ' white powdered' ( poi . sonedbyanenio . ) These cases are likewise to un dergo inquiry . The towa of Great Holland , in the Tendering Union , has also , it is suspected , been the scene of one , u not more , of these dreadful noisonines . From the
investigation which has taken plaoe , it appears that man named Bradger died snddenly some time since , in great agony , having been well and at his work antil within a few hours before his death . He went out in the morning , and returned home at twelve o dock , when he partook of some dumplings which had been made by his wife . Whilst eating these dumplings , he cat off a slice for the purpose otgmeg it to one of his children who was Bitting beside bun , but his wife hastily roje , and rushing towards him snatched it out of his hand , declaring that the child should not taste a bit of it , because it would do him no geod . A few
minutes after his dinner he was seized with ill . ness , and died in the most excruciating torment daring the night . The sudden death of this nun caused some talk at the time , more especially as it was stated in the Tillage ( hat Brsdger ' shead after he died was as big as a bushel meaiure ; ' but the excitement gradually wore off , and nothing more was thought of the matter untUitsrevival , in consequence ot the discoveries made respecting Mrs May and Mrs Southgate , with both of whom Mrs Brndger was iutitnate . The body of the husband aud those of the eaiiaren are to be eshumed , for the purpose of hating the TOuteritooUhe BtomMh analysed .
Two other cases are under consideration-one in SfeSSff t ! S ; & «»* "MUMr in the parish of Bradfield . In the former the keeper of a beer-shop , ILZ . tfe f the 8 ubject of in « y' Md in ^ e latter , the body of a person named Gobi , who , there ui littledoubt , was poisoned , ! , to be exhnmed , and the contents ofthe stomach submitted to a medical man for examination . J ? f » , ™ « «« of / these cases , it has been ascertained thatnost , if not all , owe their origin to tha exutenceof what are in this part of the country W ? f ! , Olnbl - The ! e clnb » » re imposed ohiea / of the civs of persons to whioh those alluded
to belong , and the manner in whioh the bnsineisis managed m * y be thus described . A person , man or woman , enters one of these dnbi , agreeing to pay a sum of sevenpenceper quarter , at the same time appointing a nominee , at whoss death the subscribing pasty receives £ 10 or dE 8 , according to the number of persona enrolled . In addition to the subscription , each member of the club pays sixpence extra on the death of any nominee . The hope of £ 8 or £ 10 is proved toba the motive that prompted Mra May to pohon her brother-in-law , and it has no doubt operated as prejudicially oa the minds ef many others whose conduct will hereafter form the subject of a
judicial inquiry . Mrs Southgate was a member of one of these clubs . Hti Bait < n was also a member , and received £ 8 on the death of her husband . The death clubs seem to have been productive of the most disastrous consequences , and to have held out a premium to murder which would not have otherwise existed .
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Untitled Article
8 THE NORTHERN STAR . September 16 , 1848 . ¦——I M ^^^—J ^ " ^ "T ^ ! ¦ ¦¦ ——»*————¦»» - ——¦»»«¦ ' . ' M i' ' in " —'" ——M—Mr — mi | | i . 111 i . 1 i . . i _ _
Prtntedby Douual M'Gowan, Of 16, Orea* Window*
Prtntedby DOUUAL M'GOWAN , of 16 , Orea * Window *
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 16, 1848, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1488/page/8/
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