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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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FRANCE . _ 3 S EIGHT TO LAintJR TSESU ? THE ISTaiGEERSTHE PMPKlGilS SWI 5 M . SD—FRIGHTFUL COM ) 1 HON 0 F IBS WORKKG CLASSES— CHAEACTEB OF THK BED gEPCBUCASS . ( From the correspondent of the Britannia ) The writer , speakirg of the discussion in the As-£ fmWy on the jroitau travail , says :-It Beems , to jn ; , that M . Thiera and his tellows , ar . d , it may be tided , the majority of the National Assembly , jean t 3 be most sadly and most inexplicably igncrsnt , or , to speak mere correctly , are wilfslly ' an . d obstinately determined ti ignoie the object of the revolution of February . That object , as I have told
van over and over again , was a 9 ociai one . not merely political . The revolution , in fact , was a bread andmeat revolution ; it was caused and effected by men who were starving , an I who wanted to ba fed , They apsettb . emoaarehybe . anse they ikoaghtit waBthe o bstacle which prevented them from gettiBR the food they required ; they established the Republic because they thonsht it weald feed them . The phrase droit flu travail embodied what they expected , as the assnrranceof woikgavo them the assurance of foedap d accordmdj ecc of the very first things the Prol visional Gorem-seat did was to issue & proclamation p ledging the Republic to find woik for all . Republicans of a" ehades cf opinion—moderate as well as ultra , and the socialists also—accepted this droit au
travail' as a thing which admittci of no questionsstheaRiural and icevitable conqnes * of t&e revolution- It was even written in the craft of the constitution drawa up by a committee in which Republicans of the eve were not in a majority . And now after all the' droif is to be denltd—the promise of work is to be erased ! Well , ifsnch be the wi ! l o \ the Assembly , so it must be . But , theD , what becomes of the revolution ? What will the people sav ? "What was th 9 use of overthrowing the monarchy and establishing a Republic ? What 13 tue use of the National Asiembly replacing the Chamber of Diptuies in the making of la ws ? But I am qa > te certain , from the knowledge I have gained of the
temper acd feeling of the people ( by people I mean the working cissies ) , that they will not patiently sub mil to be thus swindled , defrauded , bambacz ' ed . Think of the terrible isBnrrection of June , and ask yourself if it be likely that the men who fought 5 . 0 desperately then , because they thought the promises made them in February were not being adhered to , will patiently submit to see all their hnpes blasted , — a'l that they cade a revolution to cbtain sternly denied ? In the first letter written to you I stated that the revolution 0 } February , to little undvtstood even in France , was the beginning of a social « a ? likely to ba long and fierce . 1 have sinca frequently repeated tie same thing ; I now rtp ; at it again .
'Ihe winter gjems already to have come » rr = a us , 03 during the last few daj 3 we have rad fuch great cold as to cause fires to bo lighted , and last year ' s greitcoxts brought into use . But with the winter has come so improvement to trade , no relief to the working classes—none—none . The Prefect of Police puts forth every week what he calls bulletins , in which he represents the number of antnuiloved workmen as diminishing ; and trade a 3 improving . Falsehoods these ! As regards the workmen , it is notorious that they have eo m ^ re wrrk cow than they had weeks ago , and that , thousands of them have E 3 other mews of existence than the bread , Eeat , atd money distributed at the mairies . With respect tc trade , the only sign cf improvement is in the wholesale , or raiher export , tfs . de , atd that h very slight indeed . "With the shopkeepers , who form £ Dch an important portion of the popn ' ation , matters have got worse , and nothitg bat a miracle can prevent them from becoming more so .
The principal leaders of the ultra or R * d Republicans , now in St Louis' stout d irjon of Vincennes , are not desperate in fortnne and character , as wsuld naturally be supposed . Bribes , for instsnea . poae ^ ss a considerable fortune , between £ 2 , COO and £ 3 , 000 a jear . is a gentleman by birth and edu-1 cation , a good classical scholar . Hi passes hi < time in captivity in reading I / ttra acd Greek wri ' -e ?? , ar . d distributes as he bss ulway 3 done , no inconsiderable tortioa of his revenues in charitable works . Sobrier , wl . o is considered seen a terrib ' . e bloodthirsty fellow , is a young Eats of g « od family , with an income of some hundreds a yesr . He is very religious , and may be almost wid to have lost his wits in religions mjsticirm . He feels great horror of Prjudhon on account of hia b ' aspheff . cus attacks on th 2 Dt-ity , and bss observed , ' Tbis man muss be
wretched not to believe in God ! For myself there wcuid be nothing worth living for on eatta if I did not btlifcve , aad could tot pray ! ' BUsqui , that accomplished and inveterate conspirator , has no fortune ; but he disclaims more ? and luxury , and from choice as ranch as ccc s-ity , Jive 3 in a garret on a crust and water . Hu is completely worn away by his lorg sufferings , mental and physics ! , and ia reitarkable fcr the touching grief he still feeis for hi 3 deceased wi'e , to whom he was most passionately attached . Rarpaii . who aspire ; to be tha Marat r ' f 1813 ha- gained a fortune in business , as a druggist , I think , ahd ia now a ' mest absorbed in cbeaicsl experiments . Albert , the member of the ex Provisional Government h really a workman , not , as some accounts ( confounding him with a M . Albert , cf Lvoes ) represent , a manufacturer of large fortune . He is very ticiturn .
DISCC . SIOS CF THE COSSIITCTIOli . —THE EIGHT TO LiBiUR . Wa stated in Is 3 t Saturday ' s Stab that the discns ? iott of the Sth article of the preamble to the Constitution , on which 31 . Mathien had proposed an amendment to admit the right of all c : t z 2 ES to instruction , labour , and assistance , had excited a Tiolent debate , in which M , Alex , de Tocqueville . aud Davergier , ( d DnranEe ) , had opposed , andM , Ledru Rollin and M . Cremienx supported the amendment . On the 1-3 h icst . M . Thiera delivered a Ion ; and cunningly prepared speech againss the amendment , in thecourse of which he exalted ' competition' as the great stimulus to civilisation and general happices , He pretended to show that the poorer classes gained
more in proosrtion than the rich by the improve * meats of the last fifty yeara . They got not only higher wages , but they could obtain more for their money . Cc-inmusisiE , he said , destroyed liberty as it aimed at destroy kg property . It encouraged sloth . He contended that generally fpsakin ? the numb : r of men out of employment waa not very great , and admitted ftfJy t ' aat tho 3 e who could not find work ought to reciiva every pajsible a ' -sistance . To assert , however , that they had a . right to call on the state to firditbeur was a different thing . Arieht was something-very serious , and cot to be trifled with . Lookine at the qaestioa in every way , whether
as affecting the power of the state , the means of carrying Guttbe assumed right , and its effects on individuals atd classes , he weald oppose the amendment . Tats speech was received with lend cheers by the majority ; bnt many portions excited loud exclamations of denial and hostility on the part of * the mountain . ' At one part of bis speech M . Thiers hiving pronounced tte word factieux in rather a marked way , M . FIocod , risicg in his seat , exclaimed that M . Thitra wai a Royalist . This created an immense sensation , which stepped the Breaker for tome minutes , but eo furifee ? notice was taken of it . On Thursday , the llih , after several speakers had addressed the Assembly ,
M . Billault supported the amendment , and refuted stsoEe length thearcumeatp which had been brought forward sgainst it . He denied that it wguM necessitate the budget to Leased for the support of three parts of tha population , or the State would be compelled to take into its hands all the different branches of industry in crder to snpply labour . All that he , and th ' -se who thought with hia , demanded , was that there Ehonld be inscribed in the preamble of the ConstitutioH a debt , the payment of which might be organised hereafter—ia a word , to inscribe ' a principle . It -yas necessary to give to the suffering people a hope » n the future . L ? t thea not do as the fallen government had done—turn a deaf ear to misery . It had been said that it ^ a ? not pos-ib ! e to fulfil the promise Whic ^ . would te given by the adoption of the smendraett but that hececied to be a just conelu-Eion . The orator W 33 listened to with great eurpriss by tho majority , ami with load approbation by the nlt-j-d-r aocrats .
M . Dafasre , a member of th ? committee on the C . mst-itntinn , opposed the amendment . M . de Lamartiua expressed his intention to rote against the amendment ; he should support the article of the committee . It was net true that the Provisional GorerjEient , by he did not kcow what whh for popularity , had held tnt Utopian ideas lo the people . Oa the d » y after the old government had been overtarced tha people came to them , and certain y there were among them some fanatics who demand d the organisation of labour . They were to'd that it was an illusion , and that there were other means of improving their situation . They were proKigei that the qa ? stim should be examined . Tha debate was finally brought to a close this day . ( Thnriday ) . M . Mslhieu did uot subm . this proposition to the or ^ ep - i-favotb . having withdrawn it in favour of M . G . aia l > : z « n ' a ameadment . which ran thus : —
' The Republic osgat to protect each citizm in h s person , his family , his religion , his property , tnd hishbottr ; it recognises tha right of all citizens to instruction , the right to existence b / labour and essistaoce . On a divisien this amendment wa 3 rejected , the folio-ins were the numbers : — For the amend raent , 1 ST ; Against it , 596 ; Majority , 409 . The Assembly ro 3 s ia ' considerable agitation' at halfpast six-The discussion of thschapten of the Constitution commence ! on Friday , articles 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 , of chapter 1 * ere td < j » ttd withsut much discussion . A lengthy discussion took place en art . 5 . Art . 5 — ' Capital punithment is abolished for political " ff-nces . ' The Pastor Ceqoerel moved the abditisn of capital paniehmt-nt in a ! l ca ? e » .
M . de Tracy supporUd complete abolitien , and was seconded in this view by M . L ^ grange , who spurned the idea that death tad any terror for
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Frencnmen . M . Victor Ilogo followed on the sam side . Several speakers supported tha original propnsitoa . Finally the debate was adjourned till Monday . On Tuesday M Mr . rrast was re-elected President 0 the Asseffib ' y . The Assembly was occupied all day in discussing a project of Jaw presentf d by General Lamoriciere demanding a credit of 50 , 000 OOOf for the colonisation of Algeria . T ? .. ... .
G 0 VER 51 XEKT CRISIS . The debate in the Assembly , contrary to what is customary on Saturday ? , devoted chiefly to petitions , was on Saturday last of a most stormy character . A measure adopted by the government , of seeding a number of members of the Assembly into the proviBces to report upon the relative force of political parties , was the immediate cauaewhioh excited the tumn't M . Base , in putting questions to ihe govern ment oa ftii subject , declared with much vehemence thatsuch a mission wa 3 contrary to fea rights aad dianity ef the Assembly , and that , instead of contributing to conciliate , now so desirable , it could not fail to sow division in the Assembly as well as among the public . M . Secard . Minuter of tha Interior ,
ascended the tribune , and explained the objeot of the proposed measure , declaring that the mission in question waa proposed for the purpose of enlightening the government upon questions which had a most important bearing on the establishment of the Republic , and that members of the Assembly were selected to conduct the inquiries , because thi-ir character would afford theia more ample means of information , and would ensure greater iimarnality . AI . Bas 6 replied by a speech of great vio !« HCe , which created a perfect storm in the house . Members apostrophised each other from one side to the oth ? r , and the uproirand confusion was such that M . Pac . nerre , who presided , found it almost impassible to maintain order .
M . Marie , Minister of Justice , declared to the hou ? e from fie tribune that if the Assembly did not pass an ' ordr ' edu jour motive' having the 1 fleet of conferring on the mesaure proposed by the governaent the approbation cf the honEe , General Cavaignac wonld resign . This announcement was received with an explosion of disapprobation , of rchich it is impossible to give anj adequate notion . At length , AI . Pagnerre , wLo , as vice president , occupied tha chair , put on his hat , and tha Bitting was suspended . The ministers then rose from their btceh and left the as < eiably in a body , accompasud by M . Marrssf , asd were absent for nearly an hour .
Oa rcturnipg to the house . General Cavaignac wa 3 in the act of ascending the tribune , frr the purpose , i as was understood , of re&igKipg , when he was prei vented by M . Marrast , Pre 3 idebt of the Asembly , j who immediately ascended the tribune himself , aad i without preface read and pi oposed a resolution , de-! claiing that the Assemt'ly passed to the order of ( he day . Thi 3 resolution was adopted by animmesBema jorify of the Assembly , on the nnderstanding that the offensive project contemplated by tho government would be abandoned . The Assembly then separated amidst a scene of the strongest confusion , tumult , aad agitation .
THE CONSTITUTION . On Monday the discussion of the article , abolishing tha punishment of death for political offtnees , was resumed . Finally the article was adopted , the Assembly rejecting tha amendment for the total abolition of death pnoishments . The Ctb , 7 ; h , asd S : h articles were adopted .
THE ELECHOSS . The elections for the three vacant seats for Paris commenced the latter end of last werk . The votes of the army of Paris , taken at the Invalids , pive the followicg results bo far as the votep are known : —Louis Bontn&rtn . i 7 G 0 ; Adam 2 717 F « uld , 2710 ; Girardin , 2 , 319 ; Marshal Bu fand , 2220 ; DelesBert . 1929 ; ' 1 note , 900 , R-me- . Sll ; Cabet , 071 ; Raspail , 579 The soldiers of the army of tha Alps entitled to vnte in tbe department of thi ; Seine have vcted rs follows-. —Marshal Buseaud , 6 , 000 ; Roger , 4 050 ; Fopld , 1 , 390 ; Adam , 2 . iC 0 The votes of the veteran icmates of the Hotel des Jnva'ides give to Napoleon Bonaparte , 2 , 151 ; Ney de laMoskwa , 529 ; Dunimilin ( former aide de-catap of ' theEmperoj' ) . 454 ; Admiral Duj . etit Thouars 373 ; Emile de Girardin , 359 ; General Piatt , 349 ; Marsha * Bcgeaud , 327 .
The general aspect of the capital has presented more alarming appearances than has been observed since the dajs of June . Secret societies are known to have been organised on a most extensive scale , asd to have spread their agents everywhere over the capital . Innumerable croups were " sten assembling rn Saturday night acd Sunday on all tbe most public thoronehfares and prcmenadis , and were addressed by orators in the most violent harangues . The capital was patrolled by sirens pat-lies of horss and foot daring the night , stdtoms-asureof precaution was neglected for the maintenance of order .
Up to the time of going to press with our first edition , we srs mt in prssession cf accurate iDfornsaticm rcscecting the election returns , but of tht election of Lr . uis Napokon at tha head of the poll , there canbs nedoubut ; s-nneol the Paris journal ? state the other two to ba Fould and There , others Fould acd Rsspail , others Raspail and Cabet . 'lbs exact reicrD 3 would be p-ec ! ainied at the IIo * * l rii Ville on Tharsday evtntEg . Lou's Nspoleon has CBrtainly besn elected for tho departments cf the Aleseile and the Tonne , and it is btlieved other departments . It is stated that Raspail has been returned for Lvons .
THE VE > GEA 5 CE CF THE TICTOH 10 CS B 1 UROE 0 IUB . During the last two weeks , that is , from August 23 hto September llib , the eiuht military comtnis siona have decided oa the fatcTof 2 , S 27 in ? urgents . Of these , 1 , 939 have been set at literty . S 38 condemned to transportation : and 30 sect btf > re a council of war . From the time of their entering int" functions , these cemmissuners have pronoucccd 8 , 700 judgnrenlsin all , by wheh nearly i 890 uersoEBwere set at liberty ; somewhat lesB than 3 . C 0 O condemned to transportation ; acd 229 sent before councils 0
war . ; . Bofqnet , a man forty year 3 of age , and the father of a faiaily , has been condemned to two years' imprisonmtBt for having superintended the construe tioa ard comnianded at a barricade on the Q , uai des Ojfivres , near tie Rue c * e Bariilerie . M . Pentl Grapccbamp , a phyeicisn and an cx-: fBcer of tiie Natiosil Guards , ha'bsea sentenced to a year ' s im prisonment . Dupont , the ex-chef do bataillec has been seatenced , in his ab ; ence , to ten 3 ears' hard labour at the hulks . MORE PBO 5 ECDT 1 CS 3 .
The Mpniteur announces that a prosecution has been commenced against M . Bernard , president of the elnb of the Bazar Bonne Nonvelle , founded npon a speech delivered by kief atits meetings on the 10 th and 13 th , and also against the other officers of the club for tolerating his speech- Likewise against M . Delapierre , for a speech made by him on the 12 th , at the club of the Manege de Fitte . Similar proceedings have also , been taken against the printer of a placard , sigceJ Blanqui' aad against M . Vignie . for a manifesto published by him , under the title of Candidature de JoinviUc .
GERMANY . The Frankfort National Assembly entered on the 13 h irist , upon the discussion on the armistice with Denmark . Mr Hermann stited , that rot being s . ble to form a cew Ministry , he had resigned his commission into the haeds of the Regent . DISTCEBOtCE * IN PRUSSIA . Oa the evening of the 12 th icst . some of the 1 st and 2 nd Regiment of Guard ? , garrisoned here , and the people committed great excesses , and broke the windows of the hotel of the commandant . It sppearg that an addie-s of thanks to the deputy S ' ein , and to the National Assembly for their resolution of the 9 : h , was circulated among the troop 3 . This was confirmed by aa officer , which gave great offence , and which was Btill further increased by some per
sons cf iLUiesca distributing money among tho troop ? , wbo had distinguished themselves the most on ttje days of March . The Bcliisra who had taken part in the address to the cumber of abaut G 00 , accussd their comrades of having received blood-money , aud induced some of ( hem to return it . When the two re ? iaieafs afterwards drew up to exercise , the commandant harangued them , and said three days ' ex rcise would cool down this arrogsnee . Upon this several soldiers laid down their arm ? , troop * were called oat , and some of the most mutinous were arrested . The co'diers acd the people of Potsdam fraternised , and abused the re actionary officers , and broke the windows of the house of tha commander . The rappel was beaten , asd the burgher guard and reserve succeded in restoring order .
DHIU 6 B 15 CE 3 AT VIEKNA . The Vienna journals of the 13 . h , which have come to hand , report 1 eriou 3 disturjancei in that capital during tbe evening of the 11 th , and on tha 12 th and 13 h . At ten o'clock on the evening of tbe 11 th a crowd assembled before the buildings of the ministry of the interior , with the purpose ot obtaining from the ministry a cnaran ^ cefor the shares of an association , founded by one Herr Swobsda , for tha support of indigent mechanic ); this demand being made in copseqience of their baring bejn disappointed in obtainiog facilities for c& ? . njiag these shares in the m rketfor gold . or other seeutitle't > their full no mioal value , and the ministry having refused ! o constitute these shares ai legal tender . The crowd of petitioners blooming very great , and the noise alarmiag , a divisiea of National Guard was called cut
However , on assurances being given that the matter would be nude tbe subject of official isvestigation , the crowd ultimately eepsrated without committing any great exvess-: s . Ihe next day the disturbances were renewed . An immeate nnmbcr of person ? , many of whom were armed , forotd open the * doon of the iffiuial residence of the Minister of the Interior , and took pesseuion of numerous document . All the employes , after a vain resistance , made a precipi titetl'ght . Tbe National Guard arrived , but they oiuld neither expel the intruders r . or prevent others from eatering . The movement , according to all ap paarancee , is taking a Btrietly i o ' . ifcal turn—in fact , an u'tra-demojutical on ? . The morning of the 13 th the excitement had been treaendous ; nearly all the thops were doted , atd firing was heard in two or three directions . It was wid that the government
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had at last guaranteed the payment of tbe interest , and eventhe capital of the shares issued by the Commercial Association for the Relief of Poor Mechanics . ^ disturbances assumed a more serious aspect oa the 13 h . The ConBtitutional Assembly declared itaeit ia permanency , and many theusandi of armed students and Natisnal Guards asiembled near the 1 l ^ t S Tte commission of the academical body nlsa declared itself in permanency . In the Assembly bchwazrannounced thattheacademical body had requested the re-ejtabliBhment of the commission of satety otherwise they alone toald gave the capital and tbe withdrawal of the troops . Theae demands were refused compliance , and a conflict was expected . Daring the day partial law was proclaimed by the Ministry , bnt this only added fuel to the excitement ftUhepecpie . All the gates were occupied by the National liuard , the coramuD' > . tions intercepted , and an imposing force drawn up bafore the Ilousa of As embly .
Visxsa , Sept . 14 . —The storm is ttilled . The ministry has given in . They have two millions ai guarantee for tho shares of Swoboda ' a Industrial Aid Association . Fearful devastation was committed in the Home Department , but the archives were left untouched . C 3 KFUCI IN GERMiSY—MARCH CF DKMOCRACT . Considerable excitement prevailed at Cologca a'l the day of th 8 12 b , in consequence of some soldiers of the 27 h Regiment hsvini ; attacked , on the previous night , a number of cit ' zens . Tho civic guards , who haa been under arms all the afternoon , demanded the expulsion of the obnoxious regiment . The question has been referred to the military authorities in Coblentz .
Theae exc ? ssea have given rise not only to a demonstration of an important nature , but to a step on the part of th 9 democrats , the result of wkieh cannot ba easily foreseen . At an imtueoEe popular Beeting held on the 13 h in the op ? n air on the Frankenplatz , behind the cathedral , a committee of safety , comp 3 sed of thirty of the leading democrats ( such amongst others , aa the editors of the now celebrated NkueRhilssche Zeitdng ) , was unanimously elected . Meantime a telegraphic despatch had been received from Goblenlz , to the cftVct that tbe deputation to the comtnander-ia-chief of the 8 ; h army corpa would retura with a satisfactory answer . At a later period of the evening it transpired that that general officer had declared that he c ^ uld not tske upon himself to order tho immediate withdrawal of the 27 « h
Reeirient from C Jogne , but that he would seed to Berlin for instructions . Ha added however that tho guilty i . 'diers would be daly punished ; thatthe fusiliera of the regiment should ba kept at a distanco from the city ( they are now stationed in the foris ) , ami that tha seomd batialion , which had been ordered to join their comrades ia Cologne , should be replaced by a bat * alioa of another regiment . Thus afluirs stand at prjtent . Great excitement BtiU prevailed , the majority of the civic guards demanding the resignation of their commander , who is also tho commandant of Cologne , two postB which they declare to be incompatible with tbe due discharge of the duties of either . The democrats ( who form , in fact , tho overpowering majority of the inhabitants of Cologne ) have seized upon this affair aa a promising oae for the propagation of their principles .
1 MP 0 RTAST FRCM FRAKKF 0 BT . The debate on tbe Danish armistice was brought to a conclusion in the sittine of the Frankfo-t Parliament of the 16 th inst . The motion for the rejection of the armistice was rr jected by a msjority of twenty one , and Francke ' s motion adopted . The latter motion runs thus : — Tho National Assembly rjsolvto : —1 , Not to prevent the armistice of Mnhnop , of tht 2 Gth August ult ., from beipg carried out , so far as it is prtcticeble under preaaat circumstaacsB . 2 . Tocallopoa tbo C .-ncral Powi > r to ttke proper measures for eecnriog ihe speediest up . dtr grandiog possible , inj-frrenca to the ncoessary modification of the convention of tbe 26 sh nit ., on tho grcuad of thorea ^ inesBcffic ' aliy declared by tho Diirah Governraent to accede lo such . 3 To call upon the Control Power to Jake a view of ihrf steps necessary for paving a speedy way to tke negotiation of a peace
This decision excited unbounded indignation amongst the people . 411 the evening of the 16 : b , the streets were crowded by excited thousands singing Republican BongB . Blum and Simon , ( leading members of tha ' Left , ' ) addressed the people from the windows of the German Hotel , and called on the people to prepare for a struggle . They were answered by deafening shouts : ' We are ready now !' The cilitary were called 9 Ut , but no conflict took place , and at midnight quiet waa restored . It was expected that there would ba some serious demonstration on the following day .
THE WAR IN I 1 UKGARY . The Breslai'er Zeitung has a letter from Agram oftheVhiDBt ., stating that tho Bann arrived there <; ii the 6 ; h inst ., and immediately set out for Waraedin , in order to lead an army of 5 G 000 men against the Hungarians . The Hungarisn National Guard ? , stationed in the environs of Warnsdin , fled the momeat t ^ ej heard <> f the Bann's approach . A deputation of 150 deputies of the Hungarians , headed by a bishop , waited upon tho Emperor , at Vienna , but received so unsatisfactory a repiv ^ hat they started for Pestb , each member pkoing axed feather in hia head-drets as a sign that he threw eff his allegiance to Austria . It wrs Eurmiged that UuDgary would declar 3 itself a republic According to the latest accouah from Pcsth , the Baan of Crotia is rapidly advancing on that city , at the head of more than CO 000 troop 3 .
Tho Hungarian deputies returned on the 10 lh , in the aitcrnopn , by sttamer , from yiecna . Mo 3 t cf them displayed a red feather in their caps , in token of their mission , and as a signal that liberty must now ba bought at the point of the sword . An immense crowd covered both baoka of the Danube , and the news spread like wildfire that tha King' himself was now at the head of the re-aotionafy party . Bathyanyi and Daak also returned , and sat in council for some hours with the Archluke Palatine . Daiing the . night of the 13 ; h there was a secret sitting of the Ilouaa of Representatives , the result of which , was impatientl y looked for by all . On the 11 th the Diet declared itself permanent and ab 3 blute . The intelligence that several of the oounties and cities of Ilungary had declared againBt "Kissuth aodin favour of Jollachich has been confirmed .
Accounts from Pesth , of Sept . 12 , say : — ' At the cabinet council held by the Archduke Palatine im . mediately en the return of the deputies , all the Ministers tendered their resignation ? , with the exception of the Minister of the Interior ( Sczsmere ) . Kossuth has been charged with the formation of a new cabinet .
INSURRECTION IN SAXONY . A letter from Leipsic , of September 14 th , saya : — 'The insurrection of the workmen in the mines , in the vicinity of the important manufacturing town of Chemnitz spread to that place on the 12 < b . Numerous barricades were ercctsd in the faubourgs , but they were attacked and captured by the military , after an obstinate 2 nd sanguinary resistance .
¦ ITALY .. FALL OF MBSSIKA . The capture of Messina by the Neapolitans is confirmed . The National tajs : — Messina was carried on ths 8 th after a combat of five day , Tbe oommanders of' tho French and English forces did everything in their power to prevent the calamities of this Btrnggle , or to aUeviato them . Saven thousand of the inhabitants , tho greater number women and children , frimdan . asylnm under the Fr < nch & , g . We learn , at tha flame tims , that the French Minister tit N < p ! e » has Jnvlttd tho Neapolitan QoverKment to confine it « 6 lf to the occupation of Messinn ; so that the rest of Sicily—Palermo , for instance—will be shielded from attack . Admiral Parker , on the proposition of Aimiral Baudm , has addressed a similar request to the Neapolitan " . :
The following further detaila of tho bombardment of Messina is given in a letter dated Palermo , the 8 tk : — Medina ia bat a heap of ruin ? . F . rSlrmnd would strengthen his title of the Bombarding King—ho has quite succeeded . Tha Swiss have renewed at Mscsina the massacres of Naplqg of tho 15 rh of May . ' May the name of these beggars baaccureo 4 ! McbbIeb du' . roycd , Sicilian independence caHEot survive . Syncuso Agrigento , Malszzj , Trapani , Citauro , Palermo—in short , all ths seaport towns , expect tbe tombar ^ er and bis BatelliieB . 1 st £ B be stirring . Tho timo is propitious , France has lost all inflatnee , One Word on her part trou'd have sufficed to prevent the Neapolitan expedition or at least to spars incendiarism aad carnage . Its policy ha 3 not ev « n dictated this act cf humanity . A ? ts England , she drb her reasons for allowing things to take this course in Sicily . Ask Lard Palmsrston and « ho Neapolitan minister at London , England non traviglia . pe nicnie ,
The followinfr somewhat contradictory statement appeara in the Semaphore of Marseilles : — The entire population left the city and retire d into the country on the 8 . h , having previously mined tho town , detciminisg to fire the mlae so soon 88 the Neapoiitans had entered it . Soon after tbe Neapolitans took poutteion of it , aad in the evening the Sicilians blew up tho city , burying tbe Neapolitans In its tuins . Immediately after the cxplosien of tha ralno tbe Sicilians re-entered tbe city and maB ? ccred all whom tho explosion had spared . Tiiis news nqaires confirmation . Advices from Palermo , received through Genoa , say that the levee en masse of Sicily , under the auspices of the government at Palermo , was organised . At Eazaria alone , fay theae letters , there were a ! ready 30 . 000 men enrolled , well armed , and directea by able chiefs .
. „ Tcbcahi . —Grave apprehensions are expressed for the continuaDca of tranquillity in : Fk ) r « nce . The weakness of the government , rendered manifest by its OQavailisg efforts te repress tho disorders at Leg * horn , had encouraged the insurgents of Florence . Letters , from Leghorn of the 12 th announce that business fi ' as resumed its course . Genoa , Septemb 2 r 11 . —All classes here anticipate , and are preparing for , a renewal of hostilities next week . The town ia full of Mi ' anese nobility , and of
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numerouE other personages too deeply compromised r . ! v the aru > iatice . The-French warBteamerPIatonikaa brought mest horrible accounts 6 fM » Bsina . " Nothing in modern history can be compared to the bloodshed , burning rain , pillage , and evurydesw iptioa of orime of which M . « been the so « n ' e during five dara . ' It was a , fight between the people , who wishsd death rather than defeat , and a soldiery who had so lately learned the arts of plunder and cruelty in NapleB . After the Measmeae had retired from their capital , the fire on the city continued for eight hours , for tho purposs of destroying the houses that were left standing
SWITZERLAND . I # Switzerland , which has ot late sunk into comparaj tive oblivion , ha * just proolaimed tho new constitu-I tion . A letter from Berne ot the 12 ih inat ., says , I' A salute of one hundred and one suns , and bonfires I on tbe hilU , have this moment proclaimed the definitive adoption of the new c . nstitution by tho Swits Confederation . LA PLATA . I _ By the arrival afc Havre of tho French vessel i PaquebotParena , we are in possession of intelligence direct from Monte Video . The position of affairs was not mataria-l x changed . Ia spite of tho st-ackfl directed by Oribe against tho capital of Uruguay , aud notwiebstanding the embarkation on board the trench steamers of part of the French force , the city itil held out ; but the situation of the unfortunate inhabitants was exceedingly pn-carioua
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THE POWELL PLOT . ANOTHER ARREST . Bow-STnEET .-On Tuesday , at a quarter to five 0 clonk in the afternoon , Geor * o Bridge Mullins , 34 , Southampton-Btrcet , Strand , surgeon , was placed at the bar , charged , with others in custody , with con-Bpiring to levy war against the Queen and her Government , &e . Mr Hayward and Mr Reynolds , from the Trea . Bury , conducted tke prosecution . 1 ' owcll , the informer , who gave evidence against iha other ChartistR , said that the prisoner was one of tb" delegates of the association , and wan present at the L- > rd Denman public house , where he acted as chairnnn . The prisoner Baid ha wag wholly unprepared for bis defence , Mr Macnaraara , hia solicitor , not being .. presect , and he onnsideved it necessary , on that account , to take notes < f ihe evidence .
Witness prccaedei to sav that none but delegates were admitted on August loch , in Webber-street , Blackfri&rs . Ho was present when Mr Lacey went to inquire at a coffie-shop in tho neighborhood if they could have a reom to consult in , and on his return several delegates , with the prisoner , went out , and remained about three-quarters of an h » ur ; on tbeir return , excepting Lscey , Mr Cuffiiy , addresaiBp the prisoner , whs wan voted into the chair , desired him to give his hutruotions , upon which the prisoner Raid he was requested to ( jive them the following instructiona , which were , that as there was no reason to doubt the men in Birmingham and Mancheeter were up and doing that night , they should to-morrow night come out and strike the blow ; that they should
apeak out honestly and boldiy , and that there should be no flinching in the matter . There wore four cf them who would take four nnsitions ; that either he or Bassett was to take tho Sevea D ' ala ; Mr Brewg . ter was to take ClerkenTel ' -greeD , and Mr Payne the Toffer Hamlets . Every delegate was to send the men of his locality , and they were to cowe armed , at eight o ' clock , aod they were to be at their respective positions at twenty minutes past nine o ' clock to a second . Some delegates a ^ ked how they were to come without being observed ? and the pri 3 ontr replied they should i-et their pikes there the best way they could . He then stated further matters respecting the delegates , where they were to meet their eadera . It was proposed that the Crispin publiohouse , in Milton-street , was the place they were to
met t at the next day at 12 o ' clock , to rcotive further instructions . Wituess nccordineiy went there .. The prisoner proposed that , Mr Ritchie should superintend and direct the men to fire dwelling-houses , railway premises , trains , or anything else , aocording to a pre vions arrangement , tho prisoner being the chief spokesman on every occasion . The prsoner having put the question , if every delegate would come out to fisrhten iho following night , they all Rgreed except Uo . Tho prisoner then proposed that they should meet at the Orange Tree , at fivo o ' clock , to mett Ritchie . A question was aiked how Ritchie was to koow the men , and ansther proposed that ' Fr , nst and Rlitchel ' should be the pas 3-word ; another proposed the word' Justice , ' which baing put , was carr rifd unanimously .
Thomas Barrett , a shoemaker , of Charles street , Lisson-gr ^ ve , paid that he was a member of tho R'bort Eramett Chartiok Brigsde Association which ho joined on Whit-SutKhy last , and which was held at Praed-street , Paddington , at a beer-shop kept- by a man named Morgan , and another at Breadon ' s b ^ er shop in Should hem street , Edgewareroad . He bad seen the prisoner , and heard him address the meeting at tbeso houses . On Sunday , 13-b August last , thf-re wns s meeting cf Chartists and Confederates , at BresdoD ' e beer-Bhop , when ho . desired hishearera to be ia rtadi ce 3 » , an < t prepare themselves tor the great crisis that waa coming ; that it was necessary for them to . mako a small sacrifice to aid , the committee of proeteBB .
He reaollected nothing more on that night , On the night of the 161 h August , at nine o ' clock , there wbs another meeting at Breadon ' a , consisting of thirty or forty memberB of tbe association , which witness left , and went to another held in Praed > 6 tr . eet , where the prisoner did not attend ; and on his return , about half-past nine o ' clock , there being about thirty or forty present , the prisoner with , another arrived in a cub , but did sot come in . The other man , however , entered with a mutket , Another saimd Smith , having clapped the prisoner on the shoulder , said , ' My boy , 1 . was . afraid you were taken . ' Upon which the prisoner , said , 'No , lam net , ' and withdrew . from tbe place immediately . Besides the muskets , there were several pike-head * in the room , with two pistols in the bands ot
Irishmen . Witness did net Know what the prisoner and others retired for , but on their return Snriih stated that the men at the meeting were to repair to Crowncourt , Soho , aud tbe Seven Dials by ten o ' clock , and that their leader would meet them there , and in case he saw there was a good mnster . he would give the word of command . A question waB aBke . lhow they were to take their arms , and Smith said the beet way they could . Witness accordingly went to Crownstreet , whera he recognised about thirty Chartists and Confederates who had been , at the meeting . Before eight o'clock two men , belonging to . the Washington-brigade , came to Praed street , and said that there waB a split ; upon whioh Siddln , a delegate , said he had just made hia escapo from * Orangoetreet , while he had some combustibles in his possession ; others having been taken by the police .
C .-033-examined by the prisoner : Themeetinz continued from eight to eleven o ' olock , and the remarks made by him were between nine and eleven o ' olook . The observations made by Smith were made shortly after nine o ' clock , at which time ha could net say that the prisoner was present , as he only saw him look into tltt roam , and withdraw after somo conversation . He ( the prisoner ) arrived in the cab with Cruihshank a few minutes before nine o ' clock . Witness was not a quarter of an hour going to Pratdstreet , from which ho returned abDut a quarter before nine o ' clock , when the prisoner arrived in a cab
with the other . Ho did ; not see them get out of the cab , but was informed by others that such was the case . Mr Cruikshank carried the musket in a case and it had a large flint lock . - r .. Sergeant Thompson proved that , accompanied by Servant West , he apprehended the prisoner ia Tatham ' s-court , Tatham ' s-Btreet , East-street , Old Kent road , at nine o ' clock on Monday night . He made cercral attempts to arrest him at his residence . Having used some stratagem , he followed the man of tho house in , and found the prisoner dressed in hia lnother ' n clothes , with a veil and bonnet , in the coal cellar . There were two females with him .
ihe prisoner raid he hari nothing to answer to the oharge , and begged to embrace the opportunity of returnin ? thanks for the courteous manner in which he had lean treated fliuce hia apprehension . Tho witnesses were then bound over , and thepri - Boner was committed for trial .
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The Frbs 3 in France . — The discussion on tho question respecting the press , ha * . as you are aware , resulted in the ex'inotion of the liberty of tho press , and tbe rccognitioa of tho unlimited autocracy of the Head of the- Executive . This frightful stretch ot power , which will infallibly bring on some terrible catastrophe , brings to my mind an anecdote , for tho authenticity ofwhichlcan answer . In tbe month of September , 1841 , there mot on the banquette of a oiligence going from Psriato Lyonsi three travellers , one of whom , ' an insido passenger in Colonel ' s uniform , mounted the imperial for tho sake of tho proBpects which tha Baurbonnais laid opta as the vehicle advanoed ^ The conversation chanced to'fall ' upon M . Limennais . who was arraigned before the Court of Assiz' 8 forhis book ' ou the people / ' Would he-be acquitted , or would ho be condemned ? wastheqrieatioa agitated between the ( nvellers . Ho s sure 16 be condoained . ' eaid t , ho officer , ' the Mighty O / ics nf the
earth are always the samel' HU fellow passengerB appearing to doubt the correctness of hia position , he add ' . d , with great animation : ' Teg •¦ such ia the fally of all the Mighty Ones of the earth . Fower is a Great Tom , the ' sound of tvhkh deafens tfte ringer !' Tha man that spoke thua was Colonel Cavaignac , cow chief of the Ex-. cutive ; one of the others wa 3 his unhappy brother Gadefroi ; and tho third a representative , who told me this Btflrj-. It was foroibly recalled to hia mind on the night when Louis Blanc and Caussidiero were condemned ; and I record' it for your information , while tho illustrioug victor of June is carrying on the war whibh--with'the best in tantions of the world , 1 have no doubl-he has declared asiiBBb the press , h' not his'hearinp Boreewhat atFecied by the ringing , of the 'Great Tom ?' Thia is a questioa which the'Colonel of former dajp might sea « onably put to the President of the Council . —John Bull .
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TflE TRADES . STRIKE OP THE LONDON STONE MASONS . h a ? o ar » T eader 8 aro affa < -e " that the masons of London . rl ^ ° , activo in wfeat is knewn a > the rii ! i » w ° ? ' mo T emenfc-a movement which has It fS ? W th i . relea 9 iDg the workman » lora M * toil fi »« n ™ Jn ° Q t twdn ^ in 8 tead of half-Past five . Our onloniDB have aha from tima to time Tma' dlhem thalth 8 B ™ 4 majority of the' ie-? nf it «» L ? Ojera ^ conoeded th 0 8 ^ « q «* t , t . i * hTC . J owever a miDorUy « f »*«» to h I T . > - andamoD est the number wore tn ihShh ^? I S ° . t"e government contractor ., which has led to frequent achiaraa between the mine ! rity ot employers and the operative " At length a
. man in rregj's employ is accidentally , as stated by tho men , run against in the street-upon which Messrs # e ? J ?' mL ™ a 8 ifc would seem by thegofornment ( as Mr White , the government ahort-hasd writer ' s name appearB on tho indictment as a witnetia against tbanaun . ) make this a pretext for icdicting thefol-1 S twenty one men , viz , — J . Bettridge , Joseph V ^ ond R . Hasset , W . llannr . n J . Joyce . W . Adams , W . Johnson J . Simpkins , W . Car ^ el , W . Samton , Eneas Williams , Roger Grey , J . Robina , J . T . Watorhouse , Charles Teake , J . Turner , D . Djlby , C . ( jrirr « It , J . painrnck , J . Carey , and Charles Stead . Uio committee of operative manonB deeming thia nothing more nor les ? , than an attempt to CRUsn TRADES UNIONS IS GENERAL . AND THERKFOltB 8 L'P
PRE 83 THB SUORT I 1 MH MOVKMJINT . Called ' ft gCneml meetiug of the trade . ' at the Temperanco Hall , Wft'etko-road , on Thursday evening , September 14 th , to make their cass known , when the Hall was dcaely crowded . Mr William Adami was cnlled to tho chair , aad t !? 8 read . tlie notice convening tke meeting called on Mr Bottridgo to move the firai resolution , 83 follows : — That it h the opinion of thia meeting that tho present attempt to pu * , down tho masoni , by indicting thom at law , la ba =. o and unmanlj ; and that it Ib the duty of every mison to come forward manfully < ml support tho present movemoat , our future freedom being involved in tho hauo of this Important qutslion .
Mr Bbttbidok said the masons had been engaged for a length of time extending for their righto , and thoueh young in yeara he wa 3 proud to have been mixed up in the movement with them , and although imprifloiiment might stare him in tho face he would not be scared from that righteous course , and in this boasted day and land of freedom it was the duty of every man to ba firm . ( Loudcheera . ) If men would but be united , firm , and true to each other , short hours and better remuneration for labour would soon be theirs . Most of the respectable omployera bad already conceded to 'four o ' clock' time—true they
had failed in a few instances , but let them persevere and succeas must crown their efforts . ( Cheers ) Mr B * rry had asked haw they would usb the time if they had it—whether they wtuld not get drunk ? Now he rejoioed that ho aud his fellow-men wera free from such aspemoiH , and thafcho could truthfully Bay , that the timo gained wag used to the advantage of themaelveB , mentally , morally , and physically . ( Loud cheers . ) H exhorted them to be firm in this their bourof difficulty , to be united , trusticg to themfotves , being aBaured that in Latour'u rank * and Labour ' s leaguo the cause of freedom lay . Ho had much pleasure in moving the first resolution .
_ Mr JosKPn Wood , in fisiug t'i second the resolution , said ho had much pleasure in doing so . It was mOBt unmaiily conduct on the part of those who had caused this meeting to ba held . Ho almost wished he was a king pos ? ea * ed of abaoluto power for some six months , in order that he might deal with them according to thtir deaerts . ( Laughter and loud cheers . ) Wi re the working olaasea only firm and united , a far gre : tar degree of prosperity and happiness would bo theira . ( Hear , hear . ) He had been to the lawyers , to aee and hear the indictment . Roger Gray stood
first on the list ; atd himself second amoDest the indicted , there were twonty-oue persona in the ~ li ? f .. The indictment was the greatest tissue of trash acd falsehood he ever heard . Somo of the persons who were in the indictmont were at the time the charge waa laid on their voyage to foreign dimes . Ho knew not wbai ho had done to entitle him to Ihe honour of an indictment at law in such a case . It wag a pleasant thing to know that tho working men were a different net of beings to those of former days , and that in their intelligence and dcmeaEOur they were nearly a century in advance of their illiterate
oppressors . Their whole proceedings throughout « bia great movement had been characterised by the moet respectful demeanour , and peace , law , and order . ( Much applause ) He held it to be the privilege of every man in thia country to express hiineelf fully and fairly en every question that concerned him ; but , talk of Lord John ' s Gagging Bill , Mr Trego ' s Indiclment Bill beat it hollow . The indictment talked of' force of arms . ' The only force 1 ho bad uped was argument ; but perhaps it meant the kno < kiDg his armB , Ebout whilst speaking ! ( Laughter . ) Neither him nor his colleagues had used either threats or menace to Mr TregVs men , but contented themselves with simply appealing to ife . eirrpaB ^ n ar . d feeling , and this moral force had
succeeded , the men had come out , and they de-Rervcd the support of Ihiir brother operatives . ( CheerB . V Never let it be f aid that a threat of sending thtm to the prison , or to . the treadmill , had scared them frcm the advooacy of their glorious principles , for , were seven of their committee tent to prison , feven ethers would be found to take their places . IIo had nodeBire to go to prison , for , by his industry , frugality , and teetotalism , he had secured ^ comfortable snd a happy hcnie , fnr more so than any Newgate , Coldkth ,, l ' ent-ihvi ! le or Tothill-fields could furnish . But , Bbould priEcn be bis lot , he had nothing f 0 reproach himself with . His only crime—if crime it watT-was . that of endeavouring to elevate the position of his fellow-man , mentally , f morally , and
physically . It an itdiclment b&i been framed against tho masters for robbing the men of two liourB'labourper weekfi it would have been scouted and laughed to ecorn . ( Hoar ,, hear . ) But this indictment was against the workmen , for humbly endeavouring to better their condition , aad ie was entertained . He was not . there to prove that' John Edward Ashton ' had boen run against souidentally ; but , at the time Chinncck was said to have run against him , he ( Mr Woqd ) was at work , or answering to his name—then what could he have to do with it ? He had heard tnuch ^ of class legislation , and he had at length been forced to the conclusion that there was something in it . ( Cheers . ) He supposed that their opponents thought that the twenty-one men they had
indicted , had rot 2 h . amongst them ; but what was lacked in individual wealth , must be made collectively . JuBt suppose that the masons numbered 8 , 000 , and they subscribed one shilling each , why that would amount to £ 400 , and half-a crown would not hurt him en Saturday . They had engaged their solicitor and counsel . ( Hear , hear . ) In seeking the four o ' clock conpession they had used no force , but had , by deputation , reepeotfuliy appealed to the heads of the several , reBpeotable firms , who had admitted its justice , ' and complied with their request . But a Yew sparlera still ' stood out . He would take the liberty of paraphrasing the cobbler's sentiment and say , Btick to your four o ' clock movement raise your banner high , and inscribe thereon , ' Fouro ' cl n ck
and no surrender / ( Immense ftheering . ) The battle was theirs as well aa his . " Thtir executive had been appealed to , andBurely if tjie ' y could aid the Holy town miners with £ 100 , as well as assist . otherB , they could . furnish . £ 250 , for their own brethren , to carry on . the struggle , and should it ultimately turn out tint Mr Trego and , hia compeers worp successful on thij ocsision , the csnbeding . masters could never withdraw , for be it remembered , ruaaters could nover create wealth without the ' aid of the men , and should they be sent to prison , they- vould be only like other great men , ! paupers oa the .. state . ( Loud cheers . ) But ho wpuldjrather be earning his own living by his own labour , than living on . tho fat of the land , and have a . opnsciriusn ' css that that fat . was wrung from others
the sweaV and blood ot , ( Tremendous cheering . ) Th ; 3 intellectual dwarfishnes 3 of tho operative class , was frequently . alluded to : his reply way , give us time and / vuwill Bhow . you . what we can do , but under the worst . ' of cirouuMaucea had not a Shakespeare , a Robert Burns ' , a Montgomery , ' and a host of other geniuses ' arisen frota amongst them . He had no desire to go to prison , no ; he liked t ? roam abroad , aud fiujoy the free air of Ileavep , and whilst he viewed all nature ' s beauty listen to tho jojous warbling of tho uncaged . bird ; aacVsure he was that hi 3 fellow . men would do all they could to prevent auoh" an ocourreuce , that they \ would subscribe their money , ^ tid . do thsir best to obtain for them a fair trial . '( Tremendous cheering . ) If woiking
men lost tho four , o ' clock movement : it would take ninepence per week from an exchequer which had far top little in it ., lie had passed a stable ia Pirnlico recently , and there saw . horaea far better treated than men ; yet w » live in a Christian country ; but he would nraoh rather Bee mere of its benign practice and . fAr , lcs 3 of its twaddle . ( Loud cheers . ) ' They hosrd , muoh talk of philanthropy , of Baths ' and Waah-houats , " lagged ,, Schools , &i , all doubtlesB good in their , way , but ho " w&a , give the working classes the means and they would wash aud educato themeelves- ( Loud cheers . } The resolutionwas then put and carried unanimously , ; . .. ' -,. Mr J 08 EP 1 } Gu ' nEiLL proposed the sooond resolution as follows : —
That it is the opinion of this meeting that despotism and tyranny will never bo put down until eueh time bs i greater amcuut ' ef u<y exist amongst tho workicg dasscB . , ' The masons might well compliment themselves on diving Bucb . an eloqacnt champion as their friend Jo&eph . Wood ; and suro he W 33 , that they would aaorifice all their pots and pipes rather than euuh a man should be incarcerated , It did appear that not only did Mr Trego oppose , but thatthe government was also anxious to put down itrades' unions , and iiniled with ths employers in endeavouring to suppress tbe Bcriptural text : —' The labourer shall be iha first paitaker of the fruitB . ' ( Cheers . ) Why did si maB . v ^ noble spirits leave the land , of thei r bifcth f r America and other ' . foreign climes ? Not from the
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want of genius , —tot from the w ? r ? , of hind , or means to emploj their talont , —bub because Jabour did ntit meet with Us just regard . ( Loud cheers . ) 'Ve are called igno'ant ; but h ^ atktd what had the Stato priests been doing fov their ten milliisr-a of money per 8 nnura if we were now ignorant ? ( Loud cheer * . ) Nodoubf . they wiahed us to bo ignorant , but neiihor himsc If nor his fellow ra ; n could crouch , spaniel-like , and lick the hand about to shod his blood . ( Much applause . ) The resolution that ho w .-ib proposing asserted , ' that despotism and tyranny wonlil lii'VPr be put down until such time aa the ¦ vorking classes were more united , ' snd ho heartily wished them more united , in order that they might 1
occupy a better position in Bociety . ( Hear , heat . ) It waa truly asserted that 'Jabour waa tro source of all wealth ; ' then how came ifc that the labiurcr wbo produced aiich mountains of wealth , was so miserably poor ? this could rot be just , lie insisted that not only were they entitled to leave off work on Saturday at four o'clock , but on every day of Ihn week . ( Loud cheers . ) Thore were many amongst them doubtless ready to occupy the place of tfceir eloquent fr end Wood . But why did lie thus speak , they would supply tho funds ; and would thoy not receive n fair trl . l at the fcarrla of the jury class , those men who derived their very moans nf existence from the dealinja of working men ? And sure he was that hia brother operatives wonld be always waciy to uphold and support tbone men who upheld and defeuded the rights of labour . ( Immense cheering ) Why was ho indioted , he never I'poka to Treco ' ts man
in hia life ? Why , but to intimidate his fellow *¦* ork . men . ( Loud cheers . ) Why should their society be put down ? Liwyrra and doctors had their societies , and v ; hy Bhould not the masons ? ( Loud cbeerfi . ) TJell , for upholding the measures ho had just broached , twenty-one of his fellow men wore indioted , whose groatest glory was that they lived by their own labour . ( Loud cheer 3 . ) He waa satisfied that overwork waB tho cause of much of the misery we endured ; yet when they endeavoured to cure the evil by applying tho remedj—shorter b / . urs of labour—thoy were indioted for conapiring . The battle waa the battle not of ransons alone , but of every operative 1 throughout ths British empire . To tho tradvs he appealed , crying— 'Up to the rescue , support your brethren the masons , and thus save yourselves , your wWes , and families , fr r m impending misery and destitution . ( Grea * applaurc )
Mr Turner , in seconding the motion , called on the meeting to remember the admonition of the father to his twelve sons— ' Beware less yc fall out b ? the way . ' Tho caufie was their own , and it was they who must defend it . Remember if the mMona in London alone were to Bubwiba- one shilling per week it would amount to ^ 73 , acd the be 8 ttesfcof their sincerity wss the Bending in of the [ unda . Tbeir motto must bs— 'Agitate , agitate , agitato ! Bhorttime , and do Burruidcr ! ' If all men took up tho golden rule , ' Do unto others a 3 you would they Bbould do unto you , ' there would be found no man working against his fellow man . Mr Treeo had told him their affair was settled before tho alderman at Guildhall , but it ap . peared they were now removed to a higher court ; and he thought this motion would tend to advance the movement . Let but the two succeeding Saturdays teat their uincerity aEd success was certain .
( Loud cheera . ) Mr Parker ( of tbe National Association of United Trades ) said , although rot a mason , ho was nn opera * tive , and thought it his duty to attend there , looking at the indictment as a blow at trades unions generally . Shorter hours waB a remedy against over competition , as now one hundred unemployed persons were so used as to bo made the . instruments in regulating tbe wages cf fourteen hundred employed . This movement was an honour to the masons and the trades generally . The masters in the north had threatened to come with an agitation for ekven hours , with a view to removing the Ten Hours Bill ; but the operatives wera alive to their interest , and had moved instantaneously , and declared their determination , should the ten hour question be interfered with , to immediately demand eight hours labour daily for all sorts and conditions of operatives , and this tad tho desired effect . ( Great cheering . )
The resolution was then put and carried unani * rcously . A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman , and tho business terminated . In connexion with tho above indictment , ws believe ifc 13 the intention of many of tbe employers who have conformed to the wishes of ( he men , and conceded the ' four o ' clock , ' to appear at tho trial atd benr witness to the reepeotful , peaceful , and orderly demeauout of the men during tke agitation of the question .
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PERSECUTION OF MR GEORGE WHITE—ARREST OF J 1 R JOHN WEST . TO THE ED 1 T 0 K OS TEE HOSTBEEV STAR . Sie , —Aa njDny of my fri-ndB will draire to know whe « ther I am in ihe tintfer beeping of the W . g government , you will perbspa allow me to state that I wns e-pprc . hended along with n number of otVer mm , at tho Ti m « piranco Coffoebou . ? o , Great Anconts Btrcst , Mvnchester kept by Mr Thos . Whlttukcr . on Tuesday _ and from thence taben to tho Tcwn . hall kck-np , tGcottod by eomo hundreds of pdice , cud horpe and foot soldiers . I wa 3 detained there fur two days and two nights , iaa damp cell , without either bed cr firo . On Thmsdey evening I was liberated on roy own rccgnlfanco , to appear on tho following Wednesday ; bnt it r .-afl merely a pretence , fer , on proceeding down tho Btepn . I was
apprehended by nn inspector ef police from B ' rminjjbam , and hsndcuffsid , and at Dight I was lodged in the Birmingham lock-up i& Higli-etreoS . Nex ' , day I was brought before tbo magistrates oa » ebsr fie of sedition for a speech which I delivered in tho People ' s . hall . fa Birmingham , and after r ItDgih y examination , was committed to Warwick Gaol , to take my trial at ' the ensuing assizes . They ogrccd to admit me to bail in two sureties of £ 50 each , and myself in £ 100 . Hy good frioeds , Lowe end Dank ? , of Wcdnesbnry , tendered them , selvos as bail , and were accepted , apon which I was ti . h&sei , I then proceeded towards boms by Coventry , Lslceater , Nottlnghom , and Sh ( ffisld , and , whilst walking through Roohdale , with James L \> Rcb , last Sundny week , was again arrested on a judge ' s warrant from Livernoool ,
and confined in Rochdale police-office for the n ! ght , and was forwarded from thence to Manchester next morn , inf . I was again ordered ( 0 find two Buretic-a in £ 50 eaeh , and myself in £ 160 , to appear nest Liverpool at-» iz 3 B , ard , in default , nassent to Kirkdale Gaol , near Liverpool . Mr Thos . Tristram , and another Ollham friend , tendered bail find were scceptrd , and I wa 8 ogalr . nlcastd , afur tuffcrlug fivo tSajn' solitary con . fiuemenr , within four cells of Dr if Doucll . I utrivedm Manchester last ( Mondoy ) night , and am now oettiog off to O'dhBm , to n n , l bail fc . r John West , wbo wks brought horofrom Noncaatle-on-TynolasJ night . I ahull enlarge on this inf « moua aystom hereafter , but must at present conclude by subscribing myself , ¦ Yeura trnl . v . Geobge White .
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TO FBAROUS O'CONNOR , ESQ . Honoured Sib — P .: rdon the liberty I toka by enclosing 5 ? for Mr Cuffay , my objt ot being to strengthen your high opinion of his worth . Thirty-Bevsn years eince I worked vl hhim , being one of my first shopmatce ; irom that time I havo had many opportunities to witness and admire his integrity , and his inflexible love cf Btrlot and open justice . I should think him one of tbe lnetnvnto be found in acy secret racchinatioD . ' : - Trusting thit you may long continue to thwart the prinolpil aim cf fill the spies , namely , the bitrayal of yourself , I remain , honoured Sir , your obedient eorvant , Chiwterville , September 20 th . Gecboe Bubb .
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THB CHOLERA A St Petersburgh letter , of the 3 . * d , states , that the cholera , which had been gradually diminishing inviru . lcnca , was ngain slightly Increasing , Oa the 1 st there were 63 new cases , 20 death ? , end 35 cures , leing an in . crease cf 14 caseo and 10 deaths upon tho cumbers of the preceding day . On the morning of tbo 2-. 1 thf ts were 383 cholera pfltunts under treatment . At Moscow , oa the 25 : h ult ., there were 25 now caees , but only 11 deaths . In tUo other provinces of Ru 3 &iii nfil cted with this discastt it is nuking great ravages ; in some of them as many es between 5 , 000 and C , 000 persons arc carried off by it weekly . The oholera has broken out in Malta , In Berlin , up to the 17 th , tho deaths amounted to 801 , At Smyrna , tbe disease has mado awful ravages , aad Jotters from Bojrout represent it aa d . clmating lln inh « . bltiinta ef Aleppo , Dima&cus , < fcc . Similar accounts havo been rccelvod from Mignois , Cassaba , Sslonica , and other places .
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Geacral Berthier . sou aad grandBoa of the two first viotimB of the Revolutioa of 1792 ( Messrs Berthier , Intendant of Paris , and M . Foulon ) , died at hia eatata of La Grange , neaa Thioaville , oa the 10 th instant . The Bolton Elkctiok . — Disputed Rkturk . — There has been a great deal of gossip duriDg the week regarding the show of hands ,, and the deoiBioa of tho mayor not to take a poll after it Lad been de . mandeel on behalf oi Mr Blair , by declaring him
duly elected , at tho urgent request of Mr Barker ' s proposer . Barker , wha wa ? not present , now dig . putes the right of any person to withdraw him , and claims the election . On Thursday tbe following plaoRrd was iisued ia the town : — Notice . —In consequence of Mr Barker being oalled suddenly home , and reccivin ? an invitation to attend a meeting of the People ' s League in London this day , it will be impossible for him lo address his constituents aa waB intended . But arrangements are in progrcEB for giving a tea party on an early day , at whioh Mr Barker will be preBeat . ' —Mmcksfer Courier .
Lucifku Matches —No fewer than six serious fires occurred last week from children playing with luoifers . In one case Mr Edward Freeman , farmer , at Pinchbeck Marsh , near Spalding , lost five wheat stacks , seven of oats , one of clover , and ene of straw , as well as the whole of the farm buildings , including a barn containing a quantity of threshed wheat .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 23, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1489/page/7/
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