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^atfonal anU ffompanp
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TO TflF. CHARTISTS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Where a . meeting is open the false eridenee of " an intonner may be rebutted by an indifferent witness : but when meetings are secret no witneu ig indifferent , no re . butting evidence cam •» adduced , because the admitted fact of presence is proof of criminality , and those innocently charged hare no protection against the euiltv accuser . * ' Now , I wrote the above in anticipation of the Judge ' s or the Attorney General ' s comment upon the non-production of such rebutting evidence . With the exception of those two points—the one upon which he must have been instructed by ' the evidence of the
informer—and the other with' which he must have been conversant from practice and precedent—there is no great fault to find with the summing Hp of Mr Baron Platt , until he comes to the application of the general bearing of the evidence upon the charge . Like all other Judges , he philanthropically throws overboard the evidence of spies and informers , save and except in as far as those worthies corroborate each other , and in as far as their general testimony is corroborated by other acts , which are circumstantially or positively proved . But the just , the impartial , and the only view that can be taken of the whole case , is this—would the . prisoners have been convicted upon the
evidence of those instigators and informers alone , or would they have been convicted upon the other charges alone , apart from the evidence of those informers ? I contend that they could not , and would not—and , therefore , they stand convicted upon evidence upon which twelve honest men " would not hang a dog . " And the reader must never lose sight of the fact , that the villain Davis swore that Ward and Robinson proposed the dissolution of the society—that this villain called them cowards because he got five shillings and halfa-sovereign from the landlord—and that he communicated the fact IMMEDIATELY after to the authorities .
Now , wag not this hesitating on the part of the authorities , and , but for this villain , would not the wholesome advice of Ward and Robinson have saved the victims from the trap which the Government had . baited for them ? and , in the words of Lord Denman , ( as applicable to the case of Cuffey and others ) , is not . the law " a mockery , a delusion , and a snare ?" In so great a national movement as that for the accomplishment of the people ' s rights , it is the duty of every leader , and it should be his pride , to justify his every act connected with that movement ; and in times like the present , when disrepute is attempted to be thrown upon
the management of the Chartist body , it becomes my duty to myself , and to the veritable members of that body , to remind them that I , and the remainder of the Executive body , were not only deposed , but denounced by the National Assembly , and that , therefore , we are not responsible for the present system of organisation . But , nevertheless , you must not mistake nor misunderstand me , by presuming that , in consequence of the opinion given by the Attorney General , that I ant therefore going to abandon the Association . So far otherwise , I now accept the election of the Chartist body as one of its Executive , and I will see that the Chartist Association is
re-orgamsed and recruited in its original form , as sanctioned by the judges of the land , and so construct it that it will be able , without any violation of the Combination Laws , to hold its Convention in London , in which I shall be prepared to take my seat ; and when our deliberations may defy the treachery and machinations of false friends or open enemies . But of this I am resolved , that neither the quibble of the law , nor the prejudice of the jury , shall deter me from the advocacy of those principles which I have maintained through life , and which are now becoming the adopted of all nations .
Let me assure you , however , that you have not yet done with spies and informers , as I am credibly informed , that some whom you would least suspect , will shortly appear in that character . I have apprised you many times , that all classes , from the Queen to the hangman , are opposed to you—that is , from the head of the Executive to the finisher of the law ; although we may naturally presume that it would be as much—nay more—the interest of the monarch to be your friend than your enemy , yet the system which she is bound to maintain—and of which she is thoroughly and hopelessly ignorant—places her in antagonism with you , the working classes ; because in her name everything is done .
I dare say I should have received a vast amount of very doleful sympathy if I had allowed the villain Powell to have placed me in the situation to which he has brought poor Cuffey and others : and never lose sight of the fact , that he did his utmost to entrap me , as evinced in his two letters , which I published ; and , as I before stated , those who have iavested their property in me from a belief not more in my integrity than in my prudence , would have felt more grieved for themselves it their property , vested in the felon , was confiscated to the Government , while he
was on his road to his future destiny . How brave Powell was ! how brave Davis was!—and Barrett , and Baldwinson , and Tilden , and Gifford , and Williamson , and "Winterbottom , that swore against his own brother ! and though last , not least , Master Robert Emmett ! and how their wrath swelled , and how the wrath of their employers swelled , when they could not eaten the RED CAT IN THE TRAP ! But however the Government may chuckle over their presumed victory , they may rest assured , that as tyranuy drove them from office in 1811 , tyranny w . Ul drive them from office in . 1849 .
A word about Cuffey , and I have done , I believe in my conscience that a more honest or sincere man never breathed than Cuffey , and if he was foolish enough to lend himself to the machinations of such villians , it was lest he himself might be suspected of cowardice . Cuffey—as I frequently told him—was operated upon by the cheers and applause of the spies and informers that filled the galleries during the sittings of the Convention and the National Assembly ; and I told him and others that they would be victimised to this false enthusiasm ; and that my words have been realised is a melanchol y fact , as I have no hesitation in declaring that I feel more for
Cuffey than for any man that has been victimised since the Whig reign of terror commenced in 1839 . And , however the Press may scoff , rogues may sneer , spies may swear , and juries may convict , I tell you that an honester man does not breathe the breath of life than Cuffey ; and that he was appointed auditor of the accounts of the Land Company from the implicit confidence that those of his own order placed in his integrity , and from the conviction that he would not allow his own brother to practise a fraud upon the poor to the amount of a shilling . I remain , Your faithful Friend and unpurchaseable Representative , Feargus O'Connor .
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TO THE QUEEN OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE , Respected Sovereign , The anarchy and involved state of the civilised world , arising from an unavoidable progress to a superior condition of human existence , compels me again to address , your Majesty . . . ; . A large portion of your subjects have been , and are , cruelly suffering from pauses which the statesmen of the world do not understand , or ^ they are afraid to investigate . Your Majesty , it is well known , desires the peace of the world , and the happiness of all ,
but more especially of the subjects of the British empire . The goodness of your Majesty ' s intentions , and the sound judgment which you have generally exhibited in those matters which depended upon your Majesty ' s own decision , are strong inducements to place before you truths , necessary for your safety , the prosperity of your empire , and the peace of the world . These results can be attained only b y ^ these truths being ma 3 e known in language so explicit that the educated may , at length , fully comprehend them , for a partial knowledge of them would only still more confound the subject to be explained .
My intention is to injure none , but to permanently benefit all . With this preliminary I proceed to explain the most important of all subjects at this crisis in the affairs of the civilised world . The anarchy of Europe and the disordered mental state of those who are attempting to bring order out of confusion , are the necessary effects of all being involved in a system emanating , at an early period , from the igno rant imaginations of our savage and inexperienced ancestors .
This system by which the ' world has been hitherto governed , has been based solely on falsehoods opposed to every known law of nature , and of humanity V a system which ever has been , and can only be , maintained by com plicated and most artificial institutions , and a wretched , demoralising , and a most injurious classification of society . Ihese institutions and this classification could be upheld and supported only by a mys tified mixed system of force , fear , and fraud , rendering falsehood , deception , injustice and oppression , everywhere unavoidable .
The world is now suffering so grievously under these evils , that it is in open rebellion against them . Patronised as this system ever has been in all countries , there is not one now living who is not a martyr to its errors and consequent evils : even your Majesty , your Royal Consort , and your Children are deeply injured by its continuance ; and now , the longer it shall be enforced by the authorities of the world , the more grievous , will be its miseries to all , and the greater will be the danger of elevated positions in every country .
Its ignorance , injustice , and oppression has aroused against it even the most docile and dormant feelings of humanity , in all the nations of the civilised world . This statement requires farther explanation . The system of the world , as far as is known , has been founded through past time on a falsehood opposed by every known fact . It has been based on the presumed belief that each one of the human race forms himself to be what he is , and inconsequence that it is just to make each one responsible to the accidental authorities of the world , for his belief and actions .
This ignorance of the unchanging laws of nature is the origin of the erroneous , idea , " that man is bad by nature "—a natrue given to him by the Great Creating Power of the Universe . From this original error emanates all sin and crime , and the irrationality of mankind . It is to « day the true cause of the anarchy of Europe , and of the insane conduct of all nations and people . Hence the present complicated and involved condition of societ y , its poverty and disunion , with all the inconsistent and absurd remedies proposed by the Statesmen who are attempting to legislate on a false base , against nature and common sense .
To support this fundamental falsehood , it became unavoidable that ' error should be added to error in principle and practice ; and now the glaring inconsistencies arising from these insane absurdities , are daily and hourl y producing so much evil to every class in every country , that human nature is everywhere aroused against it , and will not longer be governed by it , or allow it longer to derange the mental faculties of every succeeding generation . Public opinion , which governs the world , now declares that this insane system , so injurious to every one , shall be destroyed , root and branch , and through all its endless mischievous ramifications .
The decree has gone forth from nature , by the evident bewilderment of the statesmen and ministers of this worn-out system of falsehood and evil ; and no earthly power can retain it . Seeing that the change is inevitable , that it will be for the high advantage and permanent good of all nations and people , it will prove to be true wisdom in the existing authorities in all countries not to oppose this great revolution of humanity ; but , on the contrary , seeing
that it is a revolution from an entire system of falsehood and oppression of the weak by the strong to another of entire truth and justice , in which the weak *\ will be sustained by the strong , it will be for their permanent benefit to direct it wisely and with foresi ght , so that union , peace , order , aiid ' superior external arrangements may everywhere supersede disunion , war , anarchy , and inferior external arrangements .
This change should immediately commence , that in the next generation the pure principles of charity and kindness , co-extensive with the human race , may be made to pervade all minds , and gradually to . prepare all nations to acquire such habits and knowledge , as will qualify them to live harmoniously in a state of real liberty , equalit y , and fraternity , or , in other words , in a new state based on truth and
justice in which all will be so rationally placed that , according to age and natural capacity , they will have equal education and condition far superior to any yet given , and the condition far more to be desired than your Majesty ' s , or any yet experienced by sovereign or subject at any time in any part of the world , or that could be created under the present insane system of falsehood , disunion , deception , and cruel injustice .
This revolution in human existence , wonderful and impracticable as it must appear to the children of the old system of error , sin , and misery , will , like the far more wonderful effects of the electro-magnetic telegraph , be accomplished by very simple means , now everywhere at the command of all governments and people . This , the most mi ghty , magnificent , glorious revolution in the history of man , will be attained as ' soon as its advantages can be made known to the public , in peace , and with p leasure to all , merely by the adoption of a most beneficent law of nature , to supersede aneter * nal falsehood , which , through past tivne , has proved to be the demon of the human race—
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the firebrand which has severed man from man , and nation from nation . The natural > ractjces which will arise from this change of trmciple will be to separate the dense popuations of cities and towns , and unite them in scientific , manageable masses , to accom-) lisn , in a superior manner , all the business of life , which , under these arrangements , way be greatly amplified and improve ! These masses to . be so arranged in new situations , that e ve * aferior .. ™«; hurtful circumstance shall be carefull
y excluded , and those only be combined which experience has proved to be superior . This is the system , in principle and practice , which your Majesty ' s Royal Father—if he had ived to come to the throne of these realmshad pledged himself to use his utmost efforts to introduce into these islands , Ian * throughout the British empire . This would have been afar better mode than through the violence and defective measures by which various parties are now vainly attempting to gain the same results .
I hope it is destined that his daughter , in tlie ^ fefsonof the Queen of the . ( British empire —the most extended and powerful of all empires—shall reign over it when this changethe greatest physical and mental change that the world has yet known or humanity imagined—shall he accomplished , and all the old prophesies and predictions be fulfilled to the very letter of their sayings . This will be the greatest of all miracles ever wrought for man , and which nature , or the God of nature , is now , in the fulness of time , forcing upon humanity for its permanent good and happiness .
B y this change the ignorance , crimes , disunion , and misery , produced by the various contending superstitions of the world , by private property , ill-devised family arrangements , and a wretchedl y-ignorant classification of society—all destructive of rationality—will be superseded by other arrangements , based on truth , that will ensure permanent progressive prosperity to all nations and people , with ever increasing intelli gence , goodness , and happiness .
Were the subject at this crisis not all-important , it would be necessary to apologise for the length of this letter—but even another letter will scarcely suffice to explain the full import of the last paragraph , denouncing the causes of the ignorance , disunion , and crimes , bo prevalent in all countries , with the total want of charity and goodness among every sect of religion over the world .
' 1 he institutions of sectarian religions united with a most ignorant and injurious classification of society and ill-advised famil y arrangements , including private property , have been insanely taught to . the world , as being the foundation of all virtue and goodness , and without which the earth would be filled with robbers and murderers , and all manner of wickedness .
This instruction has been a gross imposition upon human weakness . Man may be taught , most conscientiously , to believe any absurdity most true , or the most valuable truths to be abominable falsehoods ; and thus has he been hitherto instructed , and made to become irrational in his feelings , thoughts , and actions . And , at this day , he has been taught to call
good evil , and evil good—and hence , the confusion of all nations , and the causeof all asking , r Who will show us any good ? " '" Thefer ' profound , yet all-important subjects , have been hitherto tabooed b y the ignorance and prejudice of the human race . Their value for the creation of universal goodness , intelligence , and happiness , shall be explained in the succeeding communication .
With respect for the high , and , at this crisis , most important , station in which an extraordinary combination of circumstances has placed your Majesty , I remain , Your Majesty ' s faithful subject , Robert Owen . London . 28 th Sept ., 1848 .
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PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OF EUROPE . Pabt V . The anarchy of Europe , and the confusion and violence of all parties are daily increasing . Tte transition state is urgently required to calm men ' s minds , and to prepare them to become rational . This change , however can never be effected until the falsehood on which , society has been based , shall be openly and for ever abandoned , and the true
fundamental principles shall be adopted . The transition state is to lead to this change of principle , and to a practice in conformity ; that is , to an entirely new arrangement of circumstances for producing and distributing wealth , forming character from birth , and local , and general governing , and . to effect these in a manner greatly superior to any practiced in these departments even in any part of the world .
This transition state will gradually lead to a long permanent and very superior condition of society } a state in which all will be trained from their birth to feel , think , and act rationally , or in accordance with the laws of humanity . The language of all will be that of truth only , no motive being created or existing to express a falsehood in look , word , or action . Then will real goodness become universal , and every inferior circumstance of man ' s creation , which can influence the formation of one inferior quality in one individual , be most carefully excluded from every department in the business or enjoyment ef life . In fact , the business of life , by these means , will be made a source of perpetual pleasure and happiness
. Under this change , it may be now asked , what will be the future state of Europe to which this transition will lead ? To answer thiE question with knowledge , it is necessary only to consider what will be per . manently the best for all the inhabitants of Europe , and to remember that until all shall be justly treated , no one can be permanently happy . r ' It will be , beyond doubt , for the permanent happiness of every inhabitant of Europeist . Inatit should , as speedily as practicable , without violence , become . one n » nnlA . ™ n
one language and . one interest , having one general government , emanating from independent federative governments , in which local self-government will be attained in perfection without any of the inherent evils of elections . « . ««« ' *] " * best arrangements for permanently producing the greatest amount of the best qualities of wealth , should be made , q ! wru Jusfc distribu tion . 3 rd . lhat permanent arrangements should be formed to create a superior physical , mental , moral , and practical character , from and before birth , for everv one .
na f u these arrangements should be united , to be the moaUonvenient for forming societies of such numbers as will , in the best manner accomplish the preceding results . Arrangements thus constituted will injure no one , but benefit all j and as soon as the irrationality , which has hitherto pervaded all minds ot > ery class , in every country , shall be overcome by the introduction of truth to su-
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persede falsehood , all will seethe immense a * , vantages of this change , and desire to effeeS it . When , this veil of ignorance can be removed , then will be evident the folly and wickedness arising trom the presentinsane divisions of Europe into different languages and opposing interests , with contending : armies for destroying life and property , and wasting the labour of all . t T he there "HI be ' no Germany , France , Italy , Prussia , Russia , Denmark , Sweden , Bel gium , Spain , Portugal , Switzerland , &c , or Great Britain . It will be Europe and
Europeans , without any absurd opposing divisionwithout the slightest necessity for standing armies or eeclesiastic establishments , now the force and fraud by which nations and individuals are divided and kept in hatred to each other , and by which all are trained , from birth , m falsehood , fear , and crime , and in a system or universal deception . Nor yet will ther © be custom-houses or passports , or any such arrangements of slavery . ¦¦« ¦ ¦¦• What miseries , what crimes , what waste of human faculties and means , We these insane divisions of lanpages and names 'produced ! What divisions , crimes , and miseries are they now producing throughout Europe ! Of ; what real benefit have these divisions
ever been to any individual ? Who is , to-day , benefitted b y them ? Is not every inhabitant of Europe now a grievous sufferer by these useless , insane , disuniting , artificial causes of dislike , opposition , and contests ? Talk of German unity—of Italy being united—of peace between these opposing names—when all from birth are trained in principles of disunion ;—as well may men talk of the earth remaining dry when the clouds pour continued rain upon ^ t . Remove the universal causeof disunion , and all minor causes—as those of language , ' artificial names , and localities , are made to be—will soon cease , and be no more remembered , except as the period of the past follies of the irrational existence of
humanity . Well-meaning men and women may hold a Congress in favour of universal peace , in Brussels , or elsewhere ; but such meetings will be for ever in vain until the primary cause of disunion among the human race shall be eradicated ; root and branch , out of society . When this shall be done , universal peace will be a necessary consequence . It will be then easily attained , and as easily maintained . Let , then , all intelligent and good men and women—as far as the present irrational system of falsehood can" admit of intelligence and goodness being formed—now exert all their influence to remove out of society the great evil
of the world , the sole cause of all falsehood , hypocrisy , disunion , and crime , with all their endless miseries , Remove this cause , and wars will cease—poverty will nowhere exist—ignorance will rapidly disappear—crimes will be unknown—truth alone will be the language of the world—charity will be pure and universal —class , and sect , and party , and country , with all their criminal disuniting influences , will die their natural death , and men will be known only as members of the same faroil y > whereever they may be , cordially united in all sincerity , to promote each other ' s knowledge , excellence , and happiness .
All attempts , with the present ill-formed mind based on falsehood and early-trained deception , to unite Germany , or Italy , or France , or Great Britain and Ireland , are as vain as to attempt to empty the sea with a sieve . Before nations can be united , the cause of disunion between individuals must be removed , and then the otherwise eternal difference between aristocracy and democracy , between language , and local names , will cease . Then
will Lord John Russell and Sir Robert Peel , the Earl of Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston , Mr Cobden and Mr Disraeli , M . Thiers and M . Louis Blanc , General Cavaignac and Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte , and the other innumerable opposing individuals over Europe and America , become united and advocate the same simple principles and practices which can alone make all good , intelligent , truthful , prosperous , united , and happy .
But until society shall thus descend to the root of the evil and utterly destroy it , the talk of these statesmen w ill have as much effect , and no more , towards ameliorating the permanent condition of nations , as the cawing of rooks in a rookery . It is time that the population of the world should now know the truth" and be no longer deceived by vain talking , calculated onl y to mystify . All men should be engaged in the true businessoflifejthatis—to create and distribute
wealth , form character , and govern in the bestmanner , apracticewhichcanbeaccomplished only by gradually abandoning all the existing inferior arrangements which falsehood and ignorance have everywhere created both in town and country , and superseding themjb y a gradual new creation of superior circumstances , which may now be effected with incalculable advantages to all in every country , and with less than a tenth of the capital and ' labour required to continue the present insane system of gross falsehood , and its necessary oppressions and
crimes . With the discoveries—physical and mental —which have been latterly perfected , it will be downright madness and insanity in govern , ments or people longer to attempt to prop a worn-out system , based solely on falsehood , and constructed to produce , in practice , vie and misery , through all its ramifications . It will be now true wisdom , in all parties , in all countries , quietly and with foresight , to gradually supersede this system , . producing and re-producing evil continuall y , for another based solely on truth , and constructed to continually produce and re-produce good to all of the human race , as hereafter shall be more fully explained . . Robert Owen . London , 3 rd Oct .. 1848 .
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Bristol , —The quarterly meeting cf the Bristol brar . oh of the National Land Company was held at Mr Riohard Castle * , Mill-street , on Monday , October 2 nd . Mr Thomas Hall ia the chair . After some pecuniary business , the following persons were eleoted efficers of the locality : —W . H . Hyatt , treasurer ; C . i ¦ Clark , aeoretary ; J . Dyer , scrutineer ; H . Fiuk , Thomas Hall , A . 11 , Browing , J . Fowler , and J . Marsh—committee . The following was then agreed to : — ' That this branch meet every Monday evening , at half-past seven o ' clcck . ' Maidsionb . —At the usual weekly meeting of this branoh , Mr Richard Caaiagham was eleoted to re . present the raambBra of the several branches comprising the district to whioh Maiibtone may belong at the forthcomin g Convention .
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NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . CONFERENCE OF DELEGATES . The Board of Directors having decided upon holding a Conference at Birmingham , on Monday , October , 30 th , they have to call the attention of the various branches to the following rules in the nomination and election of delegates : — 1 st—That meetings of branches shall be beld between Monday next , the 19 th inst , and Monday , 16 th , for the purpose of nominating candidates . 2 nd . —That it shall be competent for any two members to propose a candidate at a branch meeting , but the name of the candidate who receives the highest number of votes at the branch meeting only , shall be sent to the district secretary ^
. 3 rd . —That all such nominations shall be sent by branch secretaries to . district secretaries , on or ¦ before Thund > y , I 9 th inst . Any nomination received by any district secretary after that date , shall not be considered valid . * . 4 th . —That it shall be imperative upon each dis- ^ tnct secretary , to notif y to the several branch secre- * , tones in his district , on or before Monday , the 23 rd \ mst ., the names of all candidates whose nominations may have been received by him , in accordance with rule 3 rd . 5 th . —That meetings of branches shall be held ou Monday , the 23 rd inst ,, for the purpose of making aa election irom the list of candidates , which wiU have been by that time forwarde ^ by district to branch secretaries for such purpose .
6 th .--That branch secretaries shall communicate t& district secretaries the result of the decisions at * f meetings on the 23 rd inst ., on or before the 26 th , so that district secretaries shall have time to notify elections to successful candidates . 7 th . —That in case say district or branch secre * tanes should be themselves candidates , it wilt then be the duty of the members to appoint other and disinterested persons to perform the duty of returning officers . 8 th . —That each district shall bear the expensa ¦ of its own delegate to the Conference , as wellai all expenses of his election . 9 th . —Branches not enumerated in the following hst ofdistricts will vote in that district , the district of towns of which may be nearest to them .
10 th . — Where districts have to return two delegateB , branches can nominate two candidates . NORTHAMPTON DI STRICT . Secretary ; William Munday , Silver-straet—Peterborough , WeUinboroogb , Kettering , Thraj . ¦ tone . COVENTRY DISTRICT . Secretary ; William Hosier , Coach aad HeriM xaro , Much Park-street—Warwick , Leamineton , Daventry , Long Buokly , Stocey Stratford , Newport Pagnell . -
OXFORD DISTRICT . Secretary ; John Bridgewster , Paradige-fqiiare-. Banbury , Minster Lovel , Witney , High Wycombs O'Coanomlle . SWINDON DISTRICT . Secretary ; David Morrison , 2 . Bath street , New Town—Newbury , Reading , Wortton Basrett , Da . ¦ V 1 ZS 9 . . Bradford ( Wilts ) , Tronrbridge , Frorae , Salisbury , Market Lavington .
SHEFFIELD DISTRICT . Sf f ?] arJ ; tu T - £ vrni 'J- - Q «<* o . 8 ireet-Shef . held , ttotherham , Doncaster , Barnslsy , Wdrsbio * Common . NOTTINGHAM DISTRICT . Secretary ; James Swtet , Gioaegate—Nottingham , Newark , Mansfield , Sutton irf AshSeld , Carrington , New Radford , East Retford .
DERBY DISTRICT : SaeteUry ; W . Crabtree , Rotteu-row-street—Dsrly , Belper , Bunwash , Laaghb 3 rough . LEICESTER DISTRICT ; Secretary ; W , Astill , Church-gate — Leicester , Mount Sorrell , &e . MANCHESTER DISTRICT { Two Members ) , Secretary ; William Foster , 12 , Alicestreet , Davoaahire-Btreet—Hulme , Newtoa Heath , Middleton . Eccles , Salford .
WIGAN DISTRICT . Secretary ; ThomasSinolair . Duke-street-Lamber * head-gteen , ffarringten , Birkenhead , Liverpool . PRESTON DISTRICT . Secretary ; James Brown , 71 , Park-utreet—Preston . Ohor ley , Lancaster , Clitheroe . B 0 LT 0 N DISTRICT . Secretary ; William Pickvance , 18 Duncan-street—Bolton ; Bury , Heywood , Leigh , Ratchffe Bridge . BLACKBURN DISTRICT . Secretary ; Mr Newbigging , 51 , ThHstle-street ; Blackburn—Haslingden , Aoorington , Oswald . twriBtle . TEIGNM 0 UTI 1 DISTRICT . Secretary ; James Edwards , Hat Tnanufaoturer- « reignmouth . Truro , Plymouth ., Totness , Newton Abbott , Exeter .
TIVERTON DISTRICT . Secretary ; Henry Land , Prospect phce—Tiverton . ' Barnstaple , Bridgewater , South Mo ' . ton , Collumpton , Wellington , Taunton . BRISTOL DISTRICT . Secretary ; The Secretary of the Bristol Branoh—Bath , Merthyr Tydrill , Newport , Abergarenny , Monmouth . *'
CHELTENHAM DISTRICT . Secretary ; Charles Hyett , Park-end , Qaeen-street —Gloucester , Cirenceater , Stow-on-the Weld , Up * ton-on Sevetn , Lowbands , Snig ' a End . WORCESTE R DISTRICT . Seoretary ; Jamfa Harding , City Arms-Kidderminster , Pershort , Bronugrove , Stourbridw , Malvern . BRADFORD DISTRICT . Secretary ; John Smith , 2 , Thomas-street , M * nohester-road—Idle . Otley . ClaytonWest . Bramhopo . fc LEKDS DISTRICT . SeoRtary ; Willism Hewitt , Chapelfltreet-Leedc , Armby , Holbeok . *
HULL DISTRICT . Seoretary ; George Barnett . 177 . HigVstreet-Selby , York , Scarborough , Grantham . NEWCASTLE DISTRICT ( TjvoMembers ) . Secretary ; Mr Nisbett , 10 , Gjfrna-street-New- " castle-on-Tyne . Windy Nook , " North and South Shields , Carlisle , SunderlaEd , Durham , Bishopswearmouth , Easington-lace , Thornlay , Ilexham , ilartlepool , Cockermouth . BILSTON DISTRICT . Seoretary ; William Eurnival , Hollo way ' a-build . ings . —Dudley ,. Wolverhampton , Walaall , ' Wednea . bury , Smethwiok . j
BIRMINGHAM DISTRICT . Seoretary ; Charter Goadwin , 19 D . \ rw nMret . STAFFORDSHIRE POTTER 1 ES DISTRICT . Secretary ; Henry Fostar , Etruria . — Hsnley , Longton , Burslem , Crewe , Congleton . STOCKPORT DISTRICT . Secretary ; Thomas Woodhouse , i , Angel-street , Hillgate . —Stockport , Chester , Alarple , Macclesfield , Hyde . ASHTON DIS TRICT . Seoretary ; James Taylor , Turner-lane . —Ashton , Stalybridge , Mottraro , Glos £ 0 p , Duckitfield , Moss * ley , Dioyhden .
BURNLEY DISTRICT , secretary ; Mr Henry Smith , Curzm-9 tree * . -. Colne , Barrowsford , Padiham , Bacnp , Todmordeu , Skipton , R > len . bridge . ivCCHDALE DISTRICT . Secretary ; Edward MitoheUS . Cheetlum . stree ' . -Rochdale , Oldham , Hollenwood . HALIFAX DISTRICT . Secretary ; J . S . Anderson , Black Led ^ e , KMshley , Elland , Sowerby , Wake&eld .
HUDDERSFIELD DISTRICT . Seoretary ; Mr Stead , at Cook ' s and Co ' s . —Huddersfield , Dewsbury , Littletown , nolrofirth . WINCHESTER DISTRICT . Seoretary ; George ' Sture s , Hnir -drcsatr , Upper Buck-Btreet-Isle of Wight , Portsmouth , Jersey Southampton , Gosport , Blandford .
BRIGHTON DISTRICT . Secretary ; George Giles , 23 , Victoria-street—Brighton , Chatham , Maidstona , Tonbrid se Welts , Lewes , Merton , Crayford , Dover , Dorking , &o . GHELMSFORD DISTRICT . Seoretarv ; Mr Dawett , Old Royal Oak Inn—Romford . Bniintree , Bury St . Edmund ' s , Colcli 33 te-, Ipswiob , Brightlingsea .
NORWICH DISTRICT . Seoretary ; Mr R . A . Clarit , 93 , Potter Gate—Wisbeach , Lynrj Ely , B ? andon , Yarmouth , Cambridije . LONDON DISTPJCT . -7 W Members . Secretary ; Jasnej GraeBby , No . 8 , iNoah ' a ArV - cNirb , Stangate . —London , ' . Greenwich , Stratford . Hammersmith , CheUoi , and Wojlwioh .
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SCOTLAND . GLASGOW DISTRICT . Secretary ; Duncan Sherrington , Ronford atrieb , Bridge Tewn—Greenook , AlDx % n < lnla , Kihuarnock , Paisley , liarrhead , Hamilton , Casapsie , Lialithgcw , Falkirk , anil D ^ nny . __ EDINBURGH BISXRig ^ y ^ x Secretary ; Mr Cumaung , Ngi ii ^ fc 6 an , Stire \ - . -Giorgio MillB . ' . Crii ff , AlioaA ^^ lrSiTdyi ^ )^ . « dw , Perth , Ajibrcaih , and AbfiBi ^ b |^ .. ¦ ¦¦ $ ¦ :: ¦ , ' <' -T § ^ i ^ itlsl
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Shipwreck . —The Si John ' s New Bhtoswickbb of the 12 ih ultimo says : — 'The baique Cadm « , which arrived yesterday , morning , brought in the captain and sixteen of the crew of the ship Gla 3-row , of Bath , M ., 594 tona , whieh ship was absndoned at Eta in a sinking state on the 19 ; h of August , in lat . Si N . long . 31 50 W . The Glasgow was bouiid frtm Liverpool to Boatoo , with a full cargo cf iron and salt , and went downshortiv after the captain and crew were taken off .
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Mr Friends , . You have bo doubt read the conviction gndsentenceuponDowlingjCuffeyjLaceyjFay , andBitchiei With feelingsof horror , disgust , and surprise ; though I can scarcel y presume snrprise , as the poor , the laborious , and unrepresented ought to be prepared for any injustice to which their order may be subjected . However , those five men axe now doomed to perpetual banishment ; they are to be sent from the land of their birth to God knows where , and there to remain for the term of their natural lives .
They are the victims or the National Assembly ; an Assembly whose very constitution , from its numbers , was illegal , as I told yon at the time : . an Assembly which , from its mode of election , . did not represent the feelingsof the Chartist body ; while , to show you the judgment , the prudence , and caution with which the affairs of the Chartist party were managed np to the meeting of that Assembl y , and under the government of that Assembl y , I must call your attention to the law as laid down by Baron Bolfe , br the Chief Baron of the Exchequer , when defending Frost at , Monmouth , and acquiesced in by all the Judges of the land . They have declared that there was [ nothing illegal
in the constitution of the ^ Chartist body , and that the Chartists had a perfect right to seek the accomplishment of their principles by all legal | and constitutional means , and they defined and expounded | those means , affixing extensive limits , and giving ample and unbounded scope for the denunciation of wrong-, and the free expression of public opinion , as the means of asserting right ; hence , under the old constitution of Chartism , its members were only individually responsible for their individual acts , and when an attempt was made daring eight . tiays at Lancaster to convict us of conspiracy , it failed , mainly because we were not an illegal association .
Under its then constitation . Chartism had no < aass-leaders , generals , or other officers ; there was one indivisible bod y , and but one actuating motive , and those who separated themselves from that bod y and became actuated by other and different motives , did not entail guilt or criminality upon the body , while Chartism ; as at present constituted , has been declared by the Attorney General to be an illegal combination , its organisation emanating from an illegal source .
So ample were the rights of the people . as denned by Baron Rolfeat Lancaster , thatthe fiftynine persons who were then tried and acquitted , solemnly accepted the construction of the law ¦ by the JUST JUDGE , " and all declared that they would henceforth act upon his construction of the law ; and the consequence is , that not one of those'fifty-nine have been entrapped by the National Assembly . I shall now comment upon two portions of the Judge ' s charge to the Jury .
He commented upon the fact that , although it appeared clearly proved in the course of the case that the informers were not aware of each other ' s movements , and had no opportunity of eoacocting a story , jet they agreed with each other in several most Important particulars ; but , whatever opMsn the jurj might ultimately form of this testimony , he was undoubtedly of opinion that when the GoTernment received information of the calamity that if as intended to be effected , tiey ironld liave neglected their duty , and not hare deserved the name of a Government , if they had hesitated for one moment in putting the cr iminal law Into force , and vindicatiBg the majesty of the law .
Now with the . ' above''I entirely concur , but jny concurrence goes with the text to establish the criminality of the Government . The judge says , that the Government would have been criminal , if it had " HESITATED FOR
ONE MOMENT IN PUTTING THE CRIMINAL LAW INTO FORCE AND VINDICATING THE MAJESTY OF THE LAW . Now is it not clear to the simplest mind , ' that Government was in full possession of all that was going on , and that was intended to go on , not FOE A MOMENT but for months , and did not the Government not only hesitate but neglect to vindicate the law until , as admitted by the Judge , the conspiracy became deeper and more formidable ? Has not the villain Davis sworn that he gave information to the inspector of
police within two hours after he had attended the several meetings , at which he was the prime instigator to rebellion and revolt ? He has sworn that he secreted himself in a private room at Greenwich in order to hear a conversation that took place between members of the Confederates , and that he reported what their intentions were , not to a policeman but to Mr Mallalieo , the superintendent of police , and that this Mr Mallalieo not only HESITATED FOR A MOMENT , but counselled him thatgthe meetings might go on , and that he would send a policeman to attend them , and the * villain adds : — "AFTER THIS I
ADVISED PEOPLE TO GO TO THESE MEETINGS , AND THE LANDLORD USED TO GIVE ME HALF-A-SOVEREIGN OR FIVE SHILLINGS , NOW AND THEN , IN RETURN FOR MY FRIENDSHIP . " The villain further adds : — Iwontbecertaia , bntl suppose I did tell Ward that i&ere was to be an outbreak inLondon , and I advised him to keep away . I did not say that I was going to London to reconnoitre , and see which were to be the points of attack ; bat I did say I was going to London early in the morning to Bee if there was any likelihood of a riot taking place ; and if tfcere was , I should get out of danger as soon as I could . I rtmember Ward and Robinson making a proposition to dissolve the Greenwich Association , and opposed it
Mr Ballantine . —Why did yon oppose the dissolution of ac association -which you believed to ba illegal ? Witness . —Because I thought it wonld injure the landlord . Cross examination continued . —I think I called them cowards at the same time , but I did not pull out my pistols , and say that if any one had attempted to arrest me , I would bare blown their brains out I don't think I made use of such an expression . I don't remember it It is possible I made use of the expression If ! did it was only to throw them off their guard , and may have said so and forgotten it
Now , you will bear in mind that I am not using this evidence for the conviction of the self-convicted villain Davis , but that I am using it in support of the Judge ' s conviction of the HESITATING GOVERNMENT , because it is impossible to presume for a moment that ! Inspector Marks or Mr Superintendent Mallalieu dared to act upon so important an occasion upon their own responsibility , and the legitimate and onl y conclusion is , that those second-hand spies acted upon
the suggestion of the spy-general , who is convicted by the Judge of the crime of hesitation with a perfect knowledge , for months , of all that was going on , and that it was intended should go on . Can anything he more diabolical than the fact of this hired spy of the Government thus , at the instance of the Government , urging his confiding dupes to the commission of crime , which has ended in the transportation of some ^ and the misery of so many more ?
Towards the close of his address to the Jury , the Judge says : — In the first place the names of several persons had been mentioned as being present at some of the meetings , -who onght to have be + n caUed to contradict the accomplices if they were not telling the truth , and yet not one of them had been examined . Let me ask any professional man , undertaking the defence of the prisoners , whether he could , consistently with his duty , allow any party present at those secret meetings to offer himself as a witness to shake the evidence of an informer ? Was not the Judge perfectly aware—it having occurred in innumerable
casesr-that the fate of such witness would be his identification by the informer as one whom he then recognised as being one of the most violent at the meeting in question , and , consequently , the result would be the removal of the witness Trom the witness-box to the dock ? Some men may he philanthropic and devoted , but few are sufficiently so to j eopardise themselves upon the mere probability of serving others . Such was the language of Baron Platt « n Saturday the 30 th . Now hear mine , written on Thursday the 28 th—you will find it in the third paragraph of my Letter to the Chartists .
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Metropolitan- Cbnibal Vicxm and Dkfbncb Fond . —Receipts from September 2 itb , to October ht :-83 , Daan-street , Soho , 4 i . 9 . 1 . ; from L « igh and Astley , per Mr Daly , £ 16 . ; Nottinghaa , per James Sweet , 1 £ 41 ; SheHnorp , per Mr Moses , 2 > . ; MrRidsr . as per Stab , September 30 ; b , £ 2 h . 2 d ; Ernest Joaes looality , per Mr Itohiags , 8 i . 2 J . ; Brunswick Hall , per Mr Bailey , 5 j . ; G ' obe and Friends , per Mr Knowies , 8 j . 6 ) . ; Kentish Towd , par Mr Cox , 6 i . ; Cisar-makera , Two Sawyers , Minorie * , per Mr . IJrjtlf . gj . Mr Jams , la . ; Mrs JarvSs , 6 d ; O . -0 ., City , U ; " Mr Roberta , for Defence , la . —Total , £ 5 iOi , Cdt-JAMBs Grassdy , Stttetary ,
To Tflf. Chartists.
TO TflF . CHARTISTS .
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• • • ^^ % ^ ' « M ^«« ' mm " ¦ ' ' ¦ ' : ' ; - ' ' : ' ' l -V" ' ¦ ¦ ¦ - ^ : - ; / AND NATIONAL TKABES' TOURNAT . ' — ¦ " —~^—— - ¦ - -. !¦ ¦• * ,. i " **
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VOL- XL No 572- LONDON , SATURDAY , OCTOBER 7 , 1848 . . " »•» «™ S « i ^ r ^ ' ' , BwMhlurtllq ,, »««„„» ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 7, 1848, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1491/page/1/
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