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Vrtiicrr . —Mr Workman " calls attention tothenahluDT position of the family ofLacey , oae of PoweU ' i ^ SX lInlaceybasdscldldTeaallhdpIeu . Us Workman acknowledges the sum of 2 s 6 dfrom J . P ., for the Westminster -victim . Several of tae men senteaeed to imprisonment bare families in a state of destitntton * MrsFc sssix . — Tbeeoamittee of the Lambeth locality trill feel obliged to all the persons who received card * for the benefit of Mrs Fnisell from Mr Hunt , if they win meet them at the S « nth London Chartist HaU . oo SundajaflerEoon , at three o ' clock , or Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , for thepnrpose of getting a retora of card ia * d money tobepaidoTertoMrsFusseB . Sowtufr Victocx . — Several correspondents being desirous to learn the names of tbe jurymen on the Coartiit trials , have communicated wita Mr Bobrrti , Who it viable to give the information required . SuaxcVi—Please tocorrect the fouawisgerror : Mr and Mrs Jarvis , Is , and 6 d ; shovld hare been Mr Farrow , ls , Mn Farrow , 6 d ; for toe Tictira Fond . Jaku Qiassby . , Hrt UaT . -MrWotkiMn - camatfenaonto ^ em-
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TOTHE WORKING CLASSES . Words are things , and a sma ll drop of Ink Falling—like dew—npoa a thought , produce * That which makts thousands , perhaps millions . . think . ' Bxaow . THE ' CONVICTED' PATRIOT . 'JU 8 TIC 8 AHD CHAIITY . ' Bbothbr Pbolxiabuhs , —After my remarks last week on the trials it the Old Bailey , I might this week appropriately comment on a kindred subject —the trial of Smith O'Brien and hia unfortunate compatriots ; but I abstain from doing bo , because am aware that the trial of the Irish patriots will TO ~ THE WORKING CLAKSK Sr
be done jnsboe to by other writers in this journal . may , however , permit myself to express my sympathy for the man who is at this moment menaoed by a violent death for the crime (?) of loving his country , < oot wisely but toowelL' I say , ' not wisely . ' because the result of Smith O'Bbien ' s ven tare has shown that the mass H hia countrymen were set worthy of the sacrifice * which hare been made , and the penalties which hare yet to ba paid by , I fear , more than Skih O'Bbun . Far be it from me to condemn the 'indiscretion' of the
vanquished patriot ? . I would rather err with such men than be accounted wise with those stagnant-blooded lip worshippers of Freedom' who have never been guilty of the * mistake' of sacrificing or risking anytiling for' tbe cause , ' of which they profess to be the 'friends / These reptile Cierab honour the patriot only " when successful . Tm , and Wa'Hinqtoh they admire , because they were victors ; but A } a ! n died on the scaffold—* what better proof wo . jd you have that he was a fool V Of course , such men can only wonder at the ' folly , ' ' rashness / 4 c ., of poor Sutra O'BRtss . Ambition has beea said to fce ' the glorious fault of heroes atd of gods ' If a fault , and each a fault—usually so productive of misery to mankind—if such a fault may be pronounced 'glorious , ' surely , tbat epithet is not misplaced when applied to
the error , which can be committed only by men of generous hearts and lofty aspirations—the error of believing that slaves love liberty , and the oppressed areevet ready to break their chains . A . fatal mistake , I admit , for fatal have been the consequences totoomony of earth ' s noblest sons who have sacrificed att for their ( too often ) unworthy fellow creatures . Neverthelets , such men—fhemartyw , whose hmespavethe rugged path to Liberty ' s temple , have a o ' aim to more than our sympathy , Brother Proletarians , you will not refuse your homage to the unfortunate . You wtf / give your applause to tbe martyrs , aa well as to the victors who fight your battles . Every man of you should read to his neiehbour the horrible sentence pasted upon Smith O'Bbienfi t
very father should impress the words oi thatseiu ( nee on the memory of his sod , a les son to bind the leirt and mind of the child to the service of that acred causa of Right against Might , againstwhich that barbarous sentence is directed . Of course the Whigs will aot dare to carry that lideous sentence into execution . A traitorous facion—not only traitorous to the people , but now iroved beyond the possibility of denial , to have been pnlty of p ' otting treason against * the king and Conititution'ia the time of the Reform B 01 agitationoch doubly-dyed traitors will recoil from communion nth the hangman and the headsman . In dooming jwern and his fellow-victims to life-long slavery for he offence of having 'conspired' to carry out Whig '
essont , lord Jomr and his colleagues hava done [ lite enough to ensure the inscription of their name * m the roll of infamy . False , cruel , and vindictive is the Whigs notoriously are , I do nst believe that hey will ehed the blood of Smith O'Beiks . But vbafc shall be aaid ef men who permit the eontinlance on the it&tnte book of a law enjoining such a lentenee ? Imagine the vietim af < : being made a ihowof— 'drawn on a hurdle to tha place of execuaon ; ' imagine him hanged — strangled by the vile lands of a gallows-ruffian ; then the head cut and backed from the lifeless corpse ; and , lastly , the body divided into four qmarten , ' to be disposed of as her Majesty shall please ? Imagine the gary remains of the martyr placed at the disposal of'the Mother
of her people , ' and by her raciously , ' appointed to bestruogtocittfitwandcartlewaHa . ' The Whigs tare aot do that . Why ben retain a unless and barbarous form ? Is it retained to show that although Monarchy has had its teeth drawn and claws cut sff , that nevertheless the impotent monster is still , in spirit , what it was in tb ays of its frightful Powbt ? If the law of treason is to remain in all its ancient brntuhsea , why not revive the stupid and sanguinary laws against heresy and witchcraft ? Perhaps the wont part of the sentence is the hypocrisy of the concluding wordsr ^ Andnay God have mercy on your toul / ' Condemned by his fellow creatures to a horrible death , the victim ispioiuly recommended to themercy of God !
• 0 ! for a forty-parson power To sing thy praise—Hypocrisy I * I proceed to the second subject of this letter . The terrible combstin the streets ofParisin Jnns Iwt , was scarcely ended , the btood-reeking stbreof CavKQHACwasbntjUBtreatored to its scabbard , when the alaraedDictator discovered that he had as yet done aothing to secure his ¦ notary , or prevent the recurrence of similar straggles . SomB thousands of workmen had been butchered , thousands more were in the foul depths of vilest dungeons , dcomed to transportation ; and Reaction , Death , and Terror , had been substituted for 'Liberty , Equality , and Fraternity ; ' still the ideis which had prompted the raising of the barricades , had not bean annihilates —on the contrary , it was seen that the new faith had been rendered stronger by the martyrdom of its devotees . Musketry and cannon—however power
ful to mow down men in masses—eould not mow dowa principles . Cavaionac , therefore , turned to another quarter for help , in the vain hope that what the soldier ' s sword could not offset , the sophist ' s pen might , perhaps , aeoeopliih . ' Persuaded that it was not enough to re-establish material order by means of force , anless moral order was also re-established by means of true ideas . ' Cavaigsac applied to the 'Academy of Moral and Political Sciences' to assist him in the task he had set to himself , of attempting the extinguishment of ' pernicious theories . ' The Academy at once responded to the General ' s request , and appointed a Cammisrion of five members to take measures for the moral defence of ' Kteial order . ' When it ii stated that the notorious Tbisbi is a member of the ' Commission of Fire , ' the reader will anticipate tbe kind of' moral measures' likely to emanate from such I ] ' ' ' ' ,
asource . The principal measure determined on by the Com * mission was the publication of a number of treatises on the mist usually agitated topics of social economy , in a cheap form , for circulation amongst the masses . The first treatise is from the pen of Victor Corns . and the subjects discoursed of are ' Justice an Charity . ' A translation having been published in London , I am enabled to offer a few remarks on a work which is not likely to set either the Seine or the Thames on fire ; and , on the other hand , is ss little likely to extinguish the fin of the ' Red Republic ' Monsieur Cousm commences by insisting that every legitimate system of society mnst comprehend both Justice snd Charity ; 'for thil simple reason , that every society , as everyindmdaal . il subject to ' \ ' , ' '
the concurrent role both of one and the other . ' If it is in the nature of things that every society , and every individual in society , is subject to both 'Justice' and'Charity , ! t is very superfluous fir Monsieur CoBira to tell his readers that every legitimate system must comprehend both principles . It is like saying that as every human being is dependent for the preservation of life on air and food , therefore air sad food are indispensable in every legitimate state of society . But is it true that every human being is subject to the concurrent rule of 'Justice * and ' Charity ? ' Jadgiogmen by their actions , I Bhould be inclined to say , that a very large number of men are not subject to either . But , admitting that men should submit themselves to the sovereignty of' Jos * tice , ' I deny that society , or man individually , has any occasion for the coHonrrent rule' of' Charity . ' Jtutitia sufitit !
Yes , 'justice is sufficient ! ' Were men jut there would need neither laws nor constitutions—neither Codes of morals nor divine revelations , to ensure the liberty , equality , fraternity , and happiness of the buminrace . It has been truly said of certain theologians , that whereas they have taught that God made man in his own image , the truth is . that they have made God the image of man . So I affirm of Cousnr and his colleagues—whether sophists or soldiers—that the incarnation of rapacity and cruelty they have set up and called'Justice , 'iB but the hideous representative of their own avarice and ferocity .
'Justice , ' says Cocsm , ' while respecting the liberty of a man , may , with a safe comoience , let him die of husger . ' To prevent this outrage on humanity , he calls in'Charity' to sanction assistance to the perishing creature . 'Too are hunjry , ' says Cousnr , ' I feel it is a duty to suocow you ; but you have no right to exact from me the least portion of my property ; if yon wrest a single farthing from me you commit an injustice . ' This might apply to a state of socisty in which all enjoyed equal facilities for obtaining the means of subujtenc * , and in which everyone possessed of property , posceued only the
fruits of his own industry . But the reverse of both exuts under the present system . In England tb . 9 relief afforded from the poor rates to the destitute is , m fact , a return to the labouring classes of a very small portion of the wealth produced by those wbe , although' paupers / are the great creators of property . ' The same holds good of the assistance rendered by the sfrite to the unemployed in France . Before I can consent to adopt Coosia ' a theory , I must be satisfied—1 st . ThataUtheproperty heispossetsad ef is the product of bis own labour , whether hand work or brain work ; and 2 nd , That no human being exists in Franca , the fruits of whose laboar have been
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plundered frcm him by the devourers of taxes ; rente , and profits . Were such a stated things existing , Jastictfwould reign , and Charity' would be a superfluity . But as long as the present system shall en * dare , the victims of that system reduced to destitution have ajtutclaim on the wealth of the men of property . ^ What if the workman was te say to the non-pro * ducer , ' Ton have no right to exact from me the least portion of my property ; if yon wrest a single farthing lo ^^ MK m *^ ^ . ^ .. , rt .-..- ^ .
from me , you commit an injustice . ' What if the wealth producer was to address these words to the tax-eater , tbe landlord , and the usurer » No doubt Moniiaur Cousin would ba terribly shocked ; and . stickler though he is fer the 'rights of property , ' would raise a howl of wrath against what he would callnot justice , but injustice . ' Yet such is precisely the language the proletarians of all countries will me if ever they come to their aeniei . When Couiik is speaking of the' rightof property *' his reader is tempted to exclaim with Btbos ,
' I wish he'd Illustrate his Illustration , ' for it would almost punle a Philadelphia lawyer to get at his meaning . Perhaps the clearest of his definitions is the following : — The pmon then has the right to ooeupy things , and in occupying them , appropriates them : a thing thus becomis the property of the person , belongs to that person alone , and no other person may thereafter set up a right to it . ' This is the old apelogy for all the usurpations that have atflioted the human race , aHd . if admitted , would justify rot only land-robbery and wages-slavery , but also the personal bondage of the many in subjection to the tew . It is true that Cousin insists over and over again upon the 'liberty' of every man ; but , at the same time , he makes a nice distincti on between ' our person' and 'our material frame . ' The former ( tbe
' person' ) he maintains is the foundation of each man ' s prosperity and liberty ; but of tbe latter ( the' material frame ') , he says : — ' Oar body is our own , or i t u not our ovm , according to dreumttaneti . ' According , I suppose , as the system of body-slavery , or wagesslavery—Amerioan or European slavery—may predominate ! It is very dear that the only object Cousin has in view is to throw dust in the eyes of the people . A straightforward defence of the exiating system , suoh as Mahbus would have written , he has not the courage to write , he has therefore strung together a mingled yarn ct nonsense and falsehood , hoping to confound , if he cannot convince , th ^ Prolitairet . The following ] extract sufficiently exhibits theduhonetty of Monsieur Cousm : —
It is not true that men have a right to ba equally rick , beautifal , robust ; to equal enjoyment . "; in a word , to be equally happy : fer they differ originally and necessarily at all the points of their nature which correspond to pleasure , riches , happiness . Ged has made us with unequal powers for all these things . Here equality is contrary to nature , contrary to the eternal order ef things , for diversity is fully as much as harmony , the law of ereation . Te dream of such an equality is a strange blunder , a deplorable pbreniy . This is the fool ' s argument againBt Equality ; bat Cousu is no fool . He is here aoting a pare oooasionally performed by the opponents of Chartisrr , who pretend to understand by ' Universal Suffrage' the
exercise of the franchise not only by adult males , but also by lads , women , children , and even infants . Such opponents of the Charter are not the fools they tretend to be ; and the same may be said of Ccuew . Well he knows tbat it is not againBt Nature ' s works , but against man ' s crimes , tbat tbe advocates of Equality lift up their voices . The men who have insoribed on their banner : — ' The Demooratio and Sooial Republic , ' . demand JUSTICE ; neither more nor less . It it not a fool ' s paradise they ate in search of , but a state of society in which every man shall have protection , education , labour and laboar ' s natural reward ; and in which there shall be no p ! ace for idlers , nor blood-tnokers of any description .
Monsieur Cousm may take to himself the comfort * able assuranee that he hag thrown hig labour away ; and General Oataiqsac would do well to understand that though bis precious band of 'philosophers' should ! publish millions of suoh tracts as ' Justice andl Charity . ' they will fail to raiie a dyke against the ever-rising waters of Social Democracy . Truly did thefanatic Mohialsubibt—in the deba te on the 8 th article of the Cocstitutiin—say to the Assembly , ' The mu&kets which three iionthfcsineo were directed againstthe Repnbliolagainst the sham Bepablicacr ?] were charged with « e « . ' Thos » " 5 * ' v 8 3 0 taiobac , Cousin , and Co . ; (• ab 0 . < O a » flguinary usurpers , and the t t ; no / jtii fetging ' philosophers '—will ad ¦ ¦• *) & i » to conquer , until JUSTIOE * . tn ) ii £ cient JUSTICE—shall be fina ' )•
Ublished . ^^^ * haKday . 0 cU 2 ; b m ™ *""• P . S . I had intended to have commented on i RSSS ' SSFSfifi ^ agaSttfe Fienoh Revolution , but ' aw lordship' must ' stand over * for ft W 66 i £ » .
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tJtt ™ J l ; -At * ^ "tact delegate meeting , held m the Chartist-room . Mr Stubley in the chair , the delegates engaged the Christian Brethren ' s-room , at Batley , near Dewsbury , for the intended vibH of Mr O'Connor . Haufax -Mr flincholiffe , on behalf of the Chartuts of Halifax , denies that the informer , Robert Emmett , was ever connected with the movement in that town . m SHip « EU > .-Mrs Theobald delivered two lectures in the Town Hall , on Tuesday and Wednesday week
Mr O'CoHHoa ' s Visit to Abkbdebh . —A general rreliminary meeting of the ChartiBts of this city , called by public placard , to make arrangements for Mr O'Connor ' a visit , was held in the Union Hall , on Friday evening , the 6 th inst . Mr Whalley in the chair . A goodly number of Chartists were nominated as candidates for the committee of seven Chartists required by Mr O'Connor to conduot th . e proceedings on the day of his arrival . The vote was taken by show of hands foa each candidate , singly , and the following persons were declared duly elected : — Messrs Robert Findlay , agent for the Kobihkrk 8 iab ; CharleB Logan , a veteran Chartist ; James Russell , John Milne , George Smart , local seoretary j J . | Fraser , treasurer ; D . Wright , corregponniBg bbo ! It was proposed that a great publio meeting be held m Union Hall , on the day of Mr O'Connor ' s arrival , whioh was adopted .
NOBIHUHBBRLAIID ABD DuBHAH .-A district delegate meeting of the Charter Association was held at Mr GilroA Cross-Keys . West Holborn , South Shields , on Sunday , Oct . 8 h . Mr GilfiUan in the chair . The following resolution was passed : — ' That the branches in this district continue to pay their quota into the district funds , and that eaoh delegate impress upon his constituents tbe necessity of send * ing their subscription monthly , to the district treasurer , so as to get the liabilities of tha district cleared off as early as possible . Hon . —The members of the Chartist body hold meetings every Sunday evening , at seven o ' clock , in the Temperance Hotel , Blanket-row .
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MURDER AT LEEDS . Lmds , Tuesday . —A young man , named Thomas Malkin , perpetrated a most barbarous narder at Huoelet , on Sunday night , upon a female , sixteen yean of age , named Esther Ionian , by cutting her throat in two places , and stabbing her in the arm . Both the murderer snd his victim were employed in the flax spinning-mill of Messrs W . B . Hold * - worth and Co ., at HunBlet , a towuahip within this borough , and he paid his addresse s to her for some time ; but from some cause at present unexplained , she had refused to have further intercourse with him . At ten o ' clock on Sunday night , he called her out of the boose of her Btep-father , and almost before she had spoken , he seized hold of her , and cut her throat in two places . She resisted , and thtew np her arms , and he madeathrwtat her , when the instrument struok her arm with auoh force that the point was tamed , and be failed to with * draw it . Assistance immediately arrived , bat she
expired almost instantaneously . The murderer fled , and it was generally supposed that he had committed auicide in the river Aire . The police force were on the alert all night , without meeting with him . Oa Monday night however , about nine o ' clock , Mr John Dudley , of Greenwood . atreet , Hamlet , flint-glass manufacturer , infsrmed Inspector Child that he had just seen the murderer in one of the streets oi the town . Child at once accompanied his informant , and they overtook the murderer , who was captured without attempting resistance . He was conveyed to the police station , and on Tuesday morning was placed before the Mayor ( F . Carbutt , Esq . ) and J-. Holdfcr . il , Esq ., when the nature of tie case hav . Bg been explained , he was remanded . On Wednesday an inquest was held on tbe body of the unfortunate feirl , and a verdict of' Wilful Murder ' against Malkin was returned by the jury . The prisoner was committed to York Castle for trial . ¦
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THE IRISH TRIALS FOR HIGH TREASON . T » . _ .
Onthe reassembling of the Court on Wednesday morning , after some preliminary questions had been disposed oi , Mr Wbiteside then oommenoed his address on behalf of the prisoner , by acting that he never was more conscious of the solemn responsibility that devolved upon him than upon that occasion , and that »** , ha * e been more grateful to his feelings if Mr U Bnen had Belected a more worthy and talentfd counsel to defend him . With reference to the composition of the court and the jury , he and his client were satisfied , aa far as the judges and tbe members
of tbe jury were personally concerned . It was the law under whioh the jury were selected of whioh they complained , and not the men . I am content , ' said the learned gentleman , ' with my tribunal , my client is perfectly satisfied witb his jury , and I avow openly and publicly , that whatever may be the result , neither this maligned gentleman , nor the humble counsel who addresses you , will ever X , ™ . ° rf of lv Ejection to your deolsioa . After commenting on the circumstances under whioh ! S ! . i ? i ? : Dobbin the approver befere them , and tt ! iS £ X ° S * 8 e of Ws character , he pro-SSI * rSi ? . * laborate 8 nd PwipieuoBB Edward the Third . 'TheoeoDleofEndanH mJLh . j
by tbe intolerabl e oppression of theVrmerTawof hlg -f Si' fekrinmed thatit should be expressed as it ought to be in a land of freedom , with distinctfS . JMST !! ' a . ? »» the parliament whioh fr 8 mthatda , hM beende 8 cribedaB 6 en « dieftHn » flrfia . mentum-the blessed parliament-the law was passed under which you sit to decide on my olient ' s lite . What is that law , and what is the simple exposition piven of it by our greatest authority—Lord Coke ? There is no difficulty in it ; it is very simple and dear . It is always to be considered that decisions have been made on it since that not only contradict its letter but its spirit , and which sometimes dely tbe ingenuity of man to eemprehend . I shall refer you to the third Institute , where Lord
Coke dehneB what is treason . He says , ' the King , at the request of the Lords and Commons , ha 3 made , with regard to wfeat is treason , a declaration as follows : — ' When any person does compass or imagine the death of the Lord the King , or the Lady the Queen , or . the eldest son and heir , he is guilty ot treason . ' Now what do you tbink the framer of tbat Act of Parliament meant ? He intended that if a man should resolve , imagine , determine , or compass the death of the King , or of the Queen , or of their eldest son and heir , all of which might be proved by the same evidence , he is guilty of treasoD . If a man levy war againBt the King in his realm , or adhere to the King b enemies , &o ., he is guilty of treason . The words of the aot expressly excluded all inference
and implication whatever , and tbe words are that the offence must be direct and plain . Having quoted Lord Hale in support of his view , and illustrated it by the case of the Earl of Essex , the faveurite of Elizabeth , who was put to death for compasBinj ! to seize the Queen , the learned counsel said : Then comes a passag e in a few lines , to whiob I requeat your particular attention . Words , unleBB committed to writing , are not overt acts within his Btatute , because they are easily subject to be miatBken , or misapplied , or misunderstood by the hearers . There is a note on that whioh explains it more fully . That was one of the reaBons . But another of the reasons was , because a man in a passionoi ' heat might say many things that he
I ( , , I I \ never designed to do . The law therefore required that in a ease of bo nice a nature the reality of the intention should he made apparent by the doing of some act . That appears , gentlemen , so wiBe and consistent with the laws of a free country , that bo one can deny the ' accuracy of it . Then there is what is called the doctrine ot conatrnotive treason . of which the following illustration is given t—Hot-Bpur » father , the Earl of Northumberland , marohed a large army , but it was doubtful whether it was ' his intention te assist Hotspur or the King , because l when he heard of his son ' s defeat he marched back 1 again . That was held not to be treason , because the 1 treasonable intent was not made out by the overt set . VThe weaver ' s case was another illustration . The
i tacts of that case were these : —The weavers , of Lon . > ai 03 iTingtbatthe ' introdaotion of machinery nlitited against theiirinterests , first attempted it < law to suppress it , butfailingin that they iaanongBUhenuelvesto riseand go from heuae > ast and destroy those engines , and oonBelly assembled in great numbers , and did in , itmoat violent manner break open the houses of many of the King ' s subjects in whioh these looms were , took them away , and having made great fires they deatroyed them ; and tbat system was not confined to one place , but extended to several counties—to the counties of Middlesex , Kent , and Surr » y ; and it happened that at one place which they attacked they were resisted , and one person was
killed , and many were wounded . Several proclamations were made against these marauders by tbe Crown , notwithstanding which they proceeded is their lawless career ; thev persevered , resisted tbe proclamations , and inralted the officers , assaulting ' . hem with staves , clubs , and sledges . There was another evil attending the insurrection , namely , that the officers of the law and the militia stood listlessly looking on , whilst the houeeB oi their neighbours were being racked , and matters continued in that state till the King ' s guards were called out to quell the disturbances . The question , gentlemen , then arose whether thoBe acts were treasonable , and five judges were of opinion that they were , and five judges were of opinion that they were sot , and ,
amongst the latter , was Lord Hate , who maintained thatit was an ' enormous riot ; ' and of course it was , extending as it did to five counties but that it was not a levying of war against the King , because per-Bonal acts were the objects to be accomplished ; and the result of that decision was that tbe Attorney General abandoned the charge of treason , and pro oeeded for riot against them , aod the result waB that many were convicted , and great fines imposed on them . Judge Foster had dwelt on the care that ought to be taken in deciding on what were overt acts of treason , and mentioned the case of the * regicides' who were tried for ' compassing the death of the King , ' and the overt aot charged against them was , that they cut off the head of his MajeBty
( Laughter . ) That ( continued the learned counsel ) was a very plain overt act . I now wish to draw your attention , gentlemen , to the language of the Bame learned judge ( Foster ) when he comes to consider the words spoken , lie says : — 'As to mere words spoken , and supposed to be treasonable , they differ very mnch from acts ; they are often the effect of mere heat of blood ., which in some natures carries men beyond the bounds of reason , and are moreover liable to misconstruction . ' Over and over again the same learned authority repeats the same opinions , and before he dismisses thesubjeot he says , 1 Wiirds are transient as the wind , the poison diffused by them ia confined to mere hearers , and they are easily misunderstood and easily miBreported : ' and
alluding to the same Bubject , Lord Coke says , ' that divew aets of Parliament made words spoken high treason , but they are all repealed , and it is commonly said that bare words may make a heretic , but not a traitor . ' With respect to the levying of war , quo animo , the case of Lord George Gordon , and the riots aad destruction of property is London that occurred under his auspices in tbe reign of George the Third , was cited at length . Notwithstanding that destruction of property and the attemp to overawe parliament' by marching down 50 , 000 men to where it was sitting , Gordon was acquitted as to treason , but convicted of the lesser offence . After narratiDg the oases of Watson and Frost , Mr Whiteside contended , from decisions made in
the last named , that tbe prisoner was not bound to explain-as he had been called upon by the Attorney General to do—any part of his conduct ; that he was not bound to show what was the object , or purpose , or intention of his acts ; and snoh had been the opinion of Chief Justice Tyndal , whose conduot on that occasion was a model of judicial propriety . The Attorney General in the present oase , called on him ( Mr WhiteBide ) to explain , on the part of the prisoner , certain documents and speeches , bat he would ask what constitutional law ever called on the pri-Boner to explain anything . They must first esta * Wish bis guilt , on clear and unequivooal evidenoe , before they called on him for any explanation , but in doing so he begged to tell the Attorney Op ™™) , tw
he mistook the law of whioh he was the first offioei-In the cue of Frost a similar proposition was made by the counsel for the prosecution , but Sir Fitsroy Kelly protested vehemently against suoh a doctrine . Froits case was peouliar , however . It was not a chance meeting with the Queen ' s troops upon the blg J ? way ' / ° * at tne n « d of an enormous T ^ -rt . * ™* W . int 0 the countrv ^ n where the officers of the army and the magistrates r'L ? L nbled f m A that boldness whioh oharaotensed the people of that country when they did rise . t ^ H ^ h ^ iVM and . several per » en . were
hSKP h . u thaJthe onui 1 &y on theproaeouturn to show the motives and intentions of thepri-5 S"f ™ J ? ] 8 ntfnlto hear the law stated in £ . w r " * - and a 8 " »? We manner . The defenoe on that occasion was , that the object of the move "" fh-T ^ h . * ?* ? ubw < -ti » a ^ Vincent , a "J ty ° }* ttui . > who was confined in gaol there , and they determined to make woh a demonstration Thl ? Kfc « T ma 8 i 8 twte 8 to give him up . This , although a very serious crime , did not amount to high treason , and it was shown satisfactorily to have been the real objeofc of FroBt in marching lntO the tOWn . He WnilM nnm k ™ * nail ihaW
„ attention to the subject matter of indiotmeat now charged against Mr Smith O'Brien . It oharged him with having proceeded with an armed force , and specified various aets whioh he had commated between the 17 th and 30 th of July . The 6 fch count charged him with killing the Queen , or compassing the Queen ' s dtath , about whioh he had as muoh notion as Ming the Great Mogul . ( A . laugh . ) They were told by the Attorney General that the
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week in jJll f ™* referred to coverfcd the last Z ju ,, we «^ d th u W 3 B the P ™ " <* sarorii ftffi P c Ply theirn ^ d » but to his great ™^™*? * vai > oc ? < wikh ffhich he £ MfSSr 5 S SsSsggggg iWsisi Slflhl £ ' hh-r W £ dowB—hedid not ( !? ( ?; that ? I ftt'S ? ° mak ? a 81 ack h ™ - Laugh-Si HT " ocni L acy <> fthesreechesasreporteo by Mr Hodges . That he reported the * n < mc < hJrBuZ
tally and truly isbeyoud a doutt . ThisTEng sh reporter I do not believe would wilfully falsffj I single letter . In his cross-examination he told mo that he could not undertake to report speeches a month after they were spoken , if he had not taken notes at the time ; that it would then be a tissue ot misrepresentation and mistake . He stated that he had previously proved two of these speeches in a iormer trial for sedition . Now , stop therefore a moment . When these BpeeoheB have already been prosecuted for sedition , I admire the wisdom of the nm law omcer m prosecuting these speeches how on a charge of treason , when all his wit and talent had failed to convince a jury that that they contained sedition . Mr Whiteaide then Droceeded tooive an nnt .
M « ' O'Brien ' a publio life and politioal views . in 1843 he delivered the speech whioh I now hold in my hand . It was when he entered the original Kepeal Association , on whioh occasion he made a statement of political creed . Mr O'Brien was not up to this period the personal friend of the late Mt 0 Coanell . On the contrary , there had been some political differences between hia family and the late Mr 0 Connell relative to some election proceeding in the oounty of Clare . But it shows the peouliar nature and disposition of Mr O'Brieu that though he wasout of the country at the time Mr O'Connell was tried , yet at this time , when be was in difficulty and peril , Mr O'Brien came forward to give him hia support , which he bad not given before , and he
entered into the Repeal Association . He wrote a letter explaining his reasons for taking this Btep , and he Btated his object was to obtain—what ? The restoration oi a national Legislature . If I do not demonstrate tbat every act and speech of Mr O'Brien ' a was directed to this endwhy , then , find a verdict against him . lie did net approve of all Mr O'Conneli ' s actions or speeches . lie stated at the end of his letter that he would not engage in any Beoret aasooiation , or engage in any acts of violence . He would not say that to ex * tremity would justify the resort to physical force ; but that the man who adopted any measures which had led to the loes of the life ot a single human being , incurred a fearful responsibility , and that a
month of civil war would involve in fearful miseries all classes of the population . Those were the original opinions of Mr O'Brien , The Repeal Association subsisted up to the time of the formation of tbe Irish Confederation in the month of May , 1816 . You may remember that on the advent oi the present Government to power , they thought fit to restore Mr O'Connell to tbe commission of the peace , but Mr O'Brien is left out—and I will tell you why : Mr O'Connell had considerable party in-I fluenoe , which he gave to the party that comple-I rnented , and toasted , and feted him . But Mr O'Brien continued to vote against every measureno matter by whom brought forward—whioh he thought was wrong . But twenty-two magistrates
of the oounty of Limerick demanded from the Lord I Chancellor on what ground Mr O'Csnnell was restored , while Mr O'Brien , who had shown bo much I zeal , and knowledge , and ability in the administration ot the law , vraa left out . The answer to that was his reatoratien to the commission of the peace . The rise of the Repeal Confederation took place in . this way . A most extraordinary discussion was ' raised about moral and physical force . The truth was , Mr O'Brien wanted to put an end to humbug , 11 tell it you in p l ain terms . He objected to men agitating in connection with the Government . Men who agitated with great skill , and took care to preveut the agitation from going too far , while they took care to set cood
places for tbemaelveB . Some men were prepared to accept places from the government , to re ceiye the incomes , and to apply thoae incomes to the maintenance of that agitation , whioh wasted the re sources and blasted the fertility of this country . Mr O'Brien said , that oourse will never do . c Ah , ' they answered , ' what an impracticable politician 1 '' Yes / said Mr O'Brien , ' I am in earnest ; and as a test of yourBinoerity . I call upon you to begin with displacing Mr Sheil from the representation of Dungarvon . ' Oh , 'theyexolaimedin choruB , ' that is out of the question : Mr Sheil is our personal friend . ' Mr O'Brien said , ' I am in earnest in believing that a local legislature would be a benefit and a blessing to this oonntiy , and if a gentleman differs from this
course , who is your personal friend , that is an additional reason for rejecting him ; ' They refused this request point blank , and they got up then the diausaion about physical force ; Mr 0 Brien said , ' I don ' want physical force , but I will not say that no circumstances could arise to justify an appeal to it . ' Gentlemen , that is the doctrine which has placed their lordships on the benoh and the Queee upon the throne , and I paw every year of my life on cirouit a district where tbat doctrine is still held in reverence—where a race of bold and resolute and loyal men gathered round King William , who conquered this country into happiness and peace . It was under these circumstances that this Confederation was formed , and one of their leading resolutions
was , that Ireland was to remain under a looal Legislature , under the Bway of the Queen That , surely , was net the intent of a revolutionary madman , who dsBired to kill the Queen or to deprive her of any portion of her dominions . After stating Mr O'Brien ' s opinions on several public queBtioDs , hiB support to Lord George Bentinck ' a proposal for an advance of £ 16 , 000 , 000 for railways in Ireland , and the attack upon him by the Old Ireland party , the counsel contended tbat the rules of the Confederation drawn up by an eminent counsel were lsgal . With respect to Mr O'Brien ' s speech in whioh he alluded to a National Guard , he supposed that muoh reliance was placee upon it . Now I refer to that because I have a parallel case . About
twelve or fourteen yean ago the present promoter in this case—Lord J . Russell—entered into a oareer of agitation for parliamentary reform . There was a political body ia Birmingham , one of the resolutions of this body—to whioh Lord J . Russell wrote his memo * rab ' e letter , saying that reform wasnottobe put down by the whisper of a faction—one of these resolutions waa that they should have a National Guard . His lordship has written an essay on the British Constitution . I will not compliment hia lordship ; it falU Bhortof the maBterly argument of Foster , or the deep thoughts of Hale , still it is clever and learned , arid he fully argues the question—the right of revolution . HiB lordship wrote a letter to a body whioh had threatened to march 150 , 000 men upon London , ay , and they asked a living man to take the command of them . I won't Bay that Lord John Russell did so , but certainly he was asked on the day on whioh
the first reading of the Reform Bill waa rejected by the Houae of Peers—an institution , let me aay , more ancient than the House of Commons , and without whom the floodgates of demooraoy would ere long overwhelm every institution in this landon that day the prosecutor in this case wrote the following letter : — 1 To Thomas Attwood , Esq ., Birmingham . Sir—I beg to acknowledge with heartfelt ' The Attorney General . —I beg pardon , I am not aware that this matter is at all relevant , nor do I see the necessity of it . I ask whether tho learned counsel means to make evidenoe of this alleged letter ? It don't occur to me that a letter alleged to have been written by Lord John Russell twelve or fourteen years ago can have any bearing on this case . It is for your lordship to determine upon its admiasibility , and I ask you not to allow it . I did not interfere with his quotations from Mr O'Brien ' s speeches .
Mr Whiteside . —No thanks to you for that , Mr Attorney . Do not accept thanks for that . You could not prevent my reading them . With respect to this case , I have only to state that in the case of the King against Frost , whioh was tried before three judges equally learned with your lordahips , this letter was quoted , and there was no objection or tnterference on the part oi the Attorney General of tbat day : and I assure the Attorney General he is quite mistakenif he thinks to stop my mouth in defending this gentleman ; The Attorney General—I do not wish to stop any gentleman ' s meuth . Mr Whiteside . —This is matter of history .
Chief Justice Blaokburne . —Mr Whiteside ia not reading this as evidenoe , and as a historical matter it may be referred to . Still we think the more generally he does it the better . Mr Whiteside . —Oh yes , I mean to do it very generally . The question is , whether the association to whioh Mr O'Brien belonged meant to accomplish the repeal of the Union by the formation of a national guard . I believe that is the strongest passage in hisspeeob , for it refers to physical force . Now here we have the account of a revolution taking place in England , taken from a journal conducted with great talent , but which I regret has written in the cause now pending too muoh against the prisoner . That journal , whioh is now writing of you and of me , and which is exhorting the court to overrule the quibbles raised by the oodneel for the prisoner —that journal—I refer to the Times of October , 1 M 1
Chief Jaitice Blaekburn ? . —These refertnoes ought to be very general . Mr WhiteBide , — Oh , yeB , my lord , q'lite general . But we have here abundant reference to armed forces , to the overawing of tbe House of Lord * , to boronghmongeriog , to the Bill of Bights , to John Hampdeti , to the right of tbe people to arm , whiob no one disputed , and a gentleman who afterwards became Lord ChanMllor is spoken i
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of a * in gOJJ tigntug order . ( L-ugh ^ r . ) , Tni * ws have a colonel who teaohes tho people how tbe I oa « ehold cavalry is to ba resisted . To prevenrmhtakts this li not tbe gentleman to Whom I have alread y alluded , Bat Colonel Johos stated that if the household troops were called oat , he would placn himself at tbe head of the people to resist them ; If the artillery ntr » oalled out , he would show the people how to take every gun . Then we bave this short letter , the words of ti » First Minister ct tbe Crown , to a body who had threat , uned to match 150 , 000 men on the nmropolle , showing that he ataented to their views , I do not use this lettet la a sooffinft spirit to a gentleman of high rank , \ ybo is now First Mlnlot . rof the crown ; I do It to sbow the opinions of a gentleman who has written opon the conatltutioH of Boglnnd , which be states h' s teen moulded by the verdloU of juries . This is the Utter : — ' To Thomas Attwood , Esq , B . rmlngham .
• Sir , —I beg to acknowled ge wiih hfartfilt gratitnie the kindness now done me by 150 , 008 of my fellow countrymen . Oar prosptcts are okcortd for a moment , and I truKt only for a moment ; for it is Impossible that the whisper of a faction ibonld pretal ovir the voice of a nation . ' What ia tbe whisper of a faction ! The deliberate opinion of ahouie whiob contained the names of Wellington and Nelson , and MatlbDroBja—a henae which has txlstedfor ages . Now , I know the argument that will be used on the other side of the Channd . An Englishman wiU tell you that the conduct of thepeopte of Birmingham was perfectly right , but that it would be tbe most rolgar thing in the world to appl y « to Ireland . ( Laurtter I Tbe Attorney General Btated la his opening that on * course ef the conspiracy was to get np seditions newspapers , but he has utterl y failed to prove iK My client did not write a single Hoe in the newspapers , he was not a proprietor nor a contributor to any one of them , and
bstweea one of tho proprietors and Mr O'Brien an open , public , aad violent quarrel took place , which ended in Mr Mitchsl ceasing to be a member of tbe Confeder * . tlon while Mr O'Brien remained . Alluding to a speech at the Muslo Hall on the 19 ih Jul y . be said : —Mr O'Briea in his speech says he has been meeting large popalar w eemblagfg , but did that show he wa » guilty of treason I It was pan of the polioy of the late Mr O'Ooanell to bavo simultaneous meetlrg * throughout tbe country , and He Wy&e , in his history of tha Catholic Association , sa ; s they were the bist intentions ever thought of to get libfrty for the Catholics . If that be up , it is no ground Isubnsit on whioh to coiwlctaProtesttuit of high treason . Now ! will put it t » the brave hearts of the jury : wiU they take away the life of Smith O'Brien because he ex . pressed himself more temperately , more moderately , more dieoreetly , and more mildly than themenbava done who placed my right honourable fiiend in tbe office which he now holds . I admit , with great on dit to himself— ( expressions of aj probation
Chief Justice Blaokburnt—I must say tbat any ln < im& . tion of feellDg will b ' e repressed by the court . Mr Whiteside—In that speeoh Mr O'Brien expresses his opinion on the poor-law , and with reference to tha Iraaohise Bill , and declares hit apprehension that tbeto tenant right will be fllche * away from the Protestant aaa Outhollo tenantry of Ulster . He need give bimstlf . no trouble abeut the yaomanrj of Ulster . They will nut lose their tenant-light . The bodies do not exist that will take it from them . And I ask , Is a member of parllam < mt for making thst speeoh to ba tent to the Mraffald ? I tril you thotlfyos fay soon that specob , your names will go down to the remotest posterity stamped with eternal infamy—( expressions ef approbation , : but almost instantl y suppressed . ) He then came to Mr O'Brien ' s departure from Dablla , on tbe business of the insurrection , as . tbe Attorn *?
General insisted ; bat an be would show in evidenoe , bis leaving town was eltogether unconnected with scheme * of rebellion ; be left Dablio to visit a friend , and white at that friend ' s house he heard of the mansion cf tbe Habeas Corpus , also , whether truly or falsely at tbe moment was not the question , tbat a warrant was then out for his apprehension ; end all his subsequent conduct was to be explain * d by tbat one circumstance , After be beard of a warrant being Issued for his arrest , ba avowed tbat Mr O'Brien took measures to prevent bU capture . According to tbe law of treaaen , a man relisting his own capture might be guilty of a fl ^ gitlona aot ^ but it could not be » ad « high treason . And this j . wai tbe entire case here . After continuing his address I for upwards of seven hours , the learned cennsel applied I fer an adjournment , which the court at once acceded to , and tbe proceedings terminated at half-past five .
Clonmkl . —At half-past ten o ' clock on Thursday the jury appeared in their box , counsel for fits Crown and prisoner being in court . In a Urn minutes the Lord Chief Justice , Chief Justice Doherty , and Mr Justice Moore entered and took their seats upon the bench . Mr O'Brien came forward to the bar immediately after . The court-house vnaa very fall , there being , a » usual , a great number of ladies , who seemed to take a great interest in the proceedings , many of them atteading daily from morning till night .
Mr Whiteside said , in continuing his address to the jury on behalf of the prisoner , that he had endeavoured at the close of the previous evening to convey to them the principle upon which the case of the prisoner rested ; and he stated to them more than once that by law , supposing he had been conw y icted in Dublin and imprisoned , and persons broke into the gaol to rescue him , that would not have been high treason ; still less did an attempt to preserve the prisoner from arrest amount to that crime . He next proceeded to quote a case reported in 1 st Ventris , page 251 . It was the case of Captain C ^— . He was the captain of a company of
Colonel Russell ' s Regiment of Guards , and he aid aaerjeaut of his company were prosecuted by tbe Sheriff of London . A butcher named D'Obier , who ' broke , having enlisted as a soldier , was arrested in London for debt . The captain formed a design of rescuing the prisoner—an order was obtained to cause his removal from one prison to another . The captain ordered the serjeantto take thirty soldiers and rescue him from the persons who had him in charge . Accordingly , the serjeant and other soldiers lay ia ambuscade , and when they noticed his coming they sallied out , drew their swords , and the serjeant gave the order that they should kill the first man if there
was any opposition offered . Chief Justice Hale said in his judgment , tbat the military were growing headstrong ; they were the King * 3 subjects t * preserve the peace . If men took upon themselves to rescue all the soldiers , it might fall within the crime of high treason ; but being an attempt to rescue one in particular , it could not be held to be so , but it was a misdemeanor . This was a startling case ; but it was laid down by the Court that the universality of the design constituted the crime of high treason . To make an agreement to break into a single prison was not high treason ; but to agree to take all the prisoners from the civil power was high treason ; to rescue one man was not so . If tbat were so , the judgment of the jury acquitting the prisoner would follow as a matter of course .
He had left off the previous evening at Carrick-oa * Suir , and he called upon them to discard the language ascribed to Mr Meagher , as it was very unlike what a person of his ability and education wouli have used . The learned gentleman then referred to a case in which the Attorney General of the day when it was tried acted very differently from the Attorney General of the present time . A society existed in London which Lord Eldon thought might turn out to be treasonable , and he caused every member to be arrested , and then applied fora suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act . Documents were discovered in which the House of Common * was called a set of scoundrels , a sink of corruption the House of Peers was also vilified ; and in the house of Hardy was discovered the following poetical effusion : —
Why should we vainly waste onr prime Rotating our oppressions I Come rouse to arms ' tlsoow tha time To punish past transgressions ; 'Tls said that Kings can do no wrong ; Their murd ' roua deeds deny it , And since from as their power has sprung . We have tbe right to try it . Chorus—Come , rouse to ainu , iio . The starving wretch who steals for bread Bat seldom meets campasaiOD , And shall a orown preserve tbe heal Of him who robs a nation ! Suoh partial laws we all despise ; See GaUIa ' s bright ( Sample ! Tbe glorious sigbt before oar eyes , Wb'U on cveij t ) t&nt trample . Chorus- Come , rouse to arras , Ac . Proud bishops next we will translate Amon , ; priest-cruftedmartyn ; The guillotine on peers shall wait . And knights wv'Jl h&ng In garters . Thesu deBpots long bave trad us down . And judges are their engines ; These wretched minions of a Crown , Demand a people ' s vengeance . Chorui—Come , rouse to arms , &o . Our juries are a venal pack , See jwice topsy tnrvy , On freedom ' s cause they ' ve tnra'd aback , Of Englishmen unworthy ; Tho glorious woik but encs begun , We ' ll cleanse lbs Augean stable—A moment lost and wu ' re undone ; Came , strike while we era able . Chorus—Come , route to arms , die . The golden age will thon revive , Baob man BuaU ba a brother . In peaee and harmony we ' ll live , And share ihe world together . Iu viitua trained , enlightened jontii , Will love Ush fslloir-craiture , And future aged read this truth—That man is good by Mture . Chorus—Come , route to arms , & < ,
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t ?^ . ? " ?^ Tsuss * ' SHOBnmcH .-Mr J ^ Dfluglaa ( thelite Bana ger of the Theatre-Kcjal , Marylebone ) , having become sola losses of Bus Theatre , has reconstrceted and decorated it in Kichastyle of elegance , thatit rosy now be called tMfrettiest theatre in the east of London . The erjmpaaj is excellent , and consists of tha followioe Mtut 8 > -Mtasri C . Freer , Denvil , R . Honner , J . Karaer , J . ^ onglao , B . Potter , J . Gates , H . Lewis . T . Lee , G . Herbert ; and Cony and Taylor , with their wonderful Dogs . Mesdamea R . Honner , R Barnett , J . Donglasi , W . Daly , E . Daly , Elira Terryi Graham , Gates , Lickford , Mademoiselle ^ Pauline , from the Italian Opera , and a Ballet Company . To our friends who maj stand in need of theatrical benefita w » would direct atteation to this theatre vA ita honourable ar d spirited leaw ii
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! ^ a ^ | CEXTRAL TICTIH COMMITTEE . e ^ a ^ w Beedpts from October 2 nd to October 8 th , IMS . HrXjdd , asperSn » ... . „ 016 8 i Dean Street Locality ... ... oil 1 I Saehouse , perMrKydi ... o 5 0 \ Booth London ChartUta ... ... 0 7 6 , i Kottagbaa , per James Sweet ... O 6 0 Leicester ... ... 0 5 0 Cigar Makers , per Mr Brick ... 0 5 0 Cripplegate Chartists ... ... 015 2 * MrBider . aiperSTA * ... ... 2 6 2 f Ereest Jones IiQcaJitj ... „ . 8 c 9 i SonnnTown ... ... o 5 o - £ S 9 8 J | „ , „ .. . J * J ' HlIwllA ! ' . Hon . 8 eo . ; MrJamesSraMbshaving beencompelledbyprlvateen . : fagements to resign the secretaryship of thii Committee , | ii is requested tbat in future ail xionies , Post OSce . i orders , * c , be addressed to Joslab Jobs Merriman , CoHiver * s Coffee-house , 266 } , Strand , Landoa .
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. — I DEFENCE AND VICTIM FUND . I Received by Wh . Redir . £ a . d ; J . J . C . ... ... .. ... 0 1 0 i SbildoaChartists , per J . Parker ... .. 0 3 8 ; A sBOsmaker . Botherhlthe ... ... 0 1 0 I Tea Chartists , Edderminster , per W . Yeates 9 2 8 [ lira Botar , Brighton 0 2 6 Bermondsey , per W . Edtrards ... ... 0 6 0 Bristol , pjr W . Hyatt ... ... ... 0 13 6 „ per W . Edward 0 4 0 | „ perW . Franeonbe 2 « I £ 118 6
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I SGC £ XPTS OF THE HATIOWAL USlKD coupaits-, TOR THB WEEK BFDIK 6 THURSDAY . COTOBEa 13 , 18 * 8 . FE « MB O'CONNOK . SH 4 US . £ t . d Rochdale . 3 1 2 Ledbury . 0 4 6 Hilton ~ 3 0 0 Brighton , Brown 15 7 Brunswick Hall 0 9 6 Bristol . 6 e o Salford - 113 0 Colchester - 3 7 0 Westminster „ 0 2 6 Nottingham , KewBadford - 0 6 0 Sweet .. S 11 6 Charley ~ 3 9 8 Harriet Towers 010 0 Tuijcoultry .. 16 6 James Roberts ., 0 . 4 0 Hewcastle-upon- GHChatwin M 0 3 0 Tjne « 10 0 0 Glasgow „ 3 17 8 £ 35 12 2 BXPEHBS FOND . Bochoale _ 2 0 a Wootton-nader * Brunswick Hall 0 3 9 Edge „ 617 6 Salford . 0 4 0 James Eoberts , 0 2 6 KewBadford .. 0 14 } Ambrose Coffiru 0 3 6 Brighton , Brown 0 3 9 Jobs Bead m 0 0 6 Colchester . o 1 6 MA Read .. 0 0 6 KottiDghani , Glasgow ~ 0 3 9 Sweet .. 0 9 0 £ 49 ie | AIDIFUND . CBossiUr a « m « 0 e 4 LandFtnd „ 3512 2 Expense Fond . „ ... ... i 9 10 § Aid Fond 0 0 4 Role * ... ., 0 2 0 £ 40 4 , 4 | Wx . Dixoi .
CHKinopsca Doiu , Tec * . C& 4 * x , ( Corref . Sao . } Philip M'QaiUH , ( Fin . Sec . ) — THE LIBERTY FUND . e micimo at into omcK . t MrlBldwell - - . 0 4 C I ncnvn > bt 3 . ifcaAK . Hsddersfield . W Little Hsrfan . B s Armitage .. 0 2 6 Elsworth .. 013 0 ' Boacaster , B Holmfirth , H Ormfield > 0 6 0 Harsden _ 0 5 0 1 Lower Warier « . t 2 0 Bojtoo , J B Crowa and An- Horsfall _ 0 6 0 . chor m 0 6 0 Tadmbrden , JH Leamington - 0 6 6 Feel , 11 ( 1 WaterheadMiD , . Todmorden , JH I K , Beaumont 010 0 Feel - 0 5 8 s Cbjppenham . Mr Derby , W Short 010 0 i BoDbeck „ 0 1 0 Kidderminster , j H » worth , Edwd . W Yeates M OH lethal - 0 5 0 " * £ 5 3 0 <] SSSSSSI C for familieTof victims . J uczrres bt j . lt ' ciu . , timdiense , per . Colne , per J . . Mr Ford .. 0 5 0 Watson _ 0 10 o J £ > 15 6 « K . B . —All monies and correspondence intended for 1 Chartist purposesto oe directed to Mr Kjdd , National j Lana CSss , Higti Helbora , London . j ascirvTD it w . xidxb . , Hotofirtfa . perHJIarrfen „ M 0 5 0 aicsiTB * at tiro orncx . ' I . ¦ i bone H m „ o I 0 ! ros axs rfooruu . : * - > > Bemitted t a-r James » -oWeli , 62 / Ricifc-jhd-street , Liverpool . DEFENCE FUND . XKCSVZD AX LAUD OFFICE . MrDobson , "West . MrsBams , Lyna 6 2 0 minster M 8 10 Mr Hartley , Ac D Hopkins M C | t 0 crington M 0 6 0 UrTwaits , Lynn 0 5 0 £ » 15 0 NOTICE . Those o&cers of ihe Company who hold in their potsession portions of Land or Expense Fund must forward them immediately to the Directors ; Tbe Secretaries of the following Branches haviBg been frequently written to during the last six meaths for ' returns of the payments of the members from the commsnesmeatf without effect , the Directors are constrained thus pubGdy to require that SRch retain be made f orthvrith , bringing the accounts np to the 29 th of September , l 8 * S : —Newten Abbott , Otter , Pndsey , Steeple Claydon , Tauaton , Uptoiwra-SeTero , Bradford ( York ) , Bury , Bury St . Edmonds , Bisbopwearmbuth , Surrowash , Belper ( Wheatley ) , Bridgenorto , Belmont , Cheltenham , Leeds , Edinburgh , Greenock , Globe and Friends , Dudley , Darlaston , Dorchester , Dipfam , Dorer , Dartmouth , Gofbals , Gotban , Great Tew , Kingcaple , Tnhmni ^ KSwinning , Horncastle , Dodworta , Dowlais , Denny , Glossop , Hindley , Winstanley , Idle , andEennington . Philip H'Sbath , Finance Secretary .
&Dartt*T Thteiugmcr*
&Dartt * t tHteiugmcr *
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. ' . i as TjlQUEST OR MOSDAT . —FbVKB IN IHE MlIABAUK Prisoh . —By Mr Bedford , » t the Millbmk Fmos , on the body of William Morris , aged twenty-one . The deceased had been an » ob moulder . He was admitted into the prison on the 11 th of September from Warwick gaol , convicted of honsebreakiog , after a previous offence , and waa sentenced to seven years' transportation . Oa the 29 th of the same month , he waB attacked by fever , whioh , coupled with laryngitis , or inflammation of the upper part of the windpipe , caused his death on the 6 th inatant . Dr Bailey , the priion physician , Btated that fever was at the present time exceedingly prevalent throughout London , and it was especially eo in that gaol . Sometimes persons in an excellent state of health were taken off by the effects of its attack . The Jary returned a verdict in accordance frith the medical testimony .
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October 141848 . THE NORTHERN STAR . nln k .. IT fTTT — ¦ 5
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i POWELL'S VICTIMS . I to rai vans of xas sobthirk stab . ¦ -nS ^ T 1 hara reC 8 iTCd » letter from my brother , Phjljp Martin , sentenced to two yean' imprisonment : eaMondayweek , aDd \ rliopleadedgniItyonthatoci canon . He distinctly states that it was not his own ^ J ? io / % *** P re 8 S d « re of Mf RobertB , who stated by eo doing , it would be the means of otters being diichirged , which was the case . Iconflder It but an act ofjruilee to him and others that it laoaid not be rniwQiwtaied into an act of fear or wwardioe , for I well know him to to incapable of j eitner , ia confirmatioa oi which . I iava received a ;• note fremNewgate , whichstatesthat Martin keptop } hu spirits and principle * to the moment of his Ieaving thatprison ; and the writer statesthattheBeveri ty ; of TotniU-fields will not in the least alter his princi-¥ flea . leonsider it bat jart that thiaitatemantiionld be made public as he is now unable to defend any aspersion whioh may be cast upon him ; and I also onsider that those men in prison are entitled to the J gratitude of those discharged on that occasion . ByinsertingthuiByournextSiAByouwiUgreatly oblige , a , < p Mamtw : S 3 , Great Clarendon-itreet , Somerttown .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 14, 1848, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1492/page/5/
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