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Wanttus;.
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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" THE ; SQH ' O * H ? ^ HK LAHD . MtAxon wBrmecn . When this bright earth was made , She Make defcntd to bleu it ; And Adam with&b » p » 4 « , Was itt to till and dreu It—With protnlfs that his toil Shonld bring health , food , andpleuon ; And that the virgin toll Shoald yield him boendleu treasure . . Clona : Then the Ltad , the Land , mere The first peat booa was given , Which ¦ tillfrom jear to year , ' Frodaims it cute from bUTeib Then Elen ' s bllufal bower *
( Which Era htdtrimm'd with neataeMj , Were filled with breath of fljwers , And mttiio * * songs of sweetness : WhUe fruit— 'twat bliss to taste-Hong temptingly abore her . Her fair band pluek'd In haste , A banquit for her lorer . Chores . Then era ; glen and gitrre Saw happy creatures wosing—The sweet-voiced tortle dove , Pour'd forth her peaceful cooing . Then was the golden age—Had I bat skill to show it—- Which glitterf in the page Of many a deathless poet . Chorus . Ere Father Adam ¦ ailed
Across llfs ' i mjgtio riier , Hii Fnehold he entailed , OaaUMt sobs for erer . Aad strict injunctions left . That they shonld nerer barter Sis noble , priceless g-. f « , Secured by Heatea's Charter . : Chorns . Bat good King Adam died , And nicked kings came after—Who insolent in pride , Tamed Adam ' * trade so laughter . TMey dcied upon their tbroai-s When haytime ' i hours » emiuny , Proud , wortnleu , kit drones , They Uckad the pots of honey . Chorus .
Same licked the monarch's hands—At this you need not wonder , Since he of all their laadi , His brethren meant to plunder—Men driren fram the field , Sought refuge in the city ; Then spades weremade to jltld To club * , On what a ptty I Caoru . Thus friends were changed to fees—To aid the spelling clamour The smoking furaace rose . Loud rang the clanging hammer ; Wrath darken'd all men ' s brows , Blood flowM from nearest neighbours .. And hooks and shares of pteughs ~ Were turn'd to spears and sabres . Coerus . At length red caraage emds .
And hush d the din of battle—The whirling disufflosds Aid to the tying shuttle—The rich have all the goil , All power by them is wielded . . The poor have all the toll , Bat little which it yielded . Chorus . Then come , lads , heart aad hand , Oae tfiortfjT our Ctmter , To bring as back our land , And make our foes setk quarter . Stand up , nor crouch like slaves , While robbers lord it o'er us—Our patriots from their gnwes Point victory before us . Chorus . . ¦ Then flee from smoke aad neiae ,
Where cheeks grow white and hollow ; Lire 'midst our raraljejs , And res ; health will follow . The spade ' s our magic wand , Which yields ui all our wishes , Spreads able * at command , With good things heaps our dishes . Chorus . Let pride sow bend hit brow On those who turn the furrow . Yet worth may drive the plough , And wisdom lead the harrow . When Borne reaob'd power and fnrnr . — Wfien nations hedged her parien— " ' ¦ Then Cmdnnatus camp A mtnarch from his garden . ' Chorus .
Fow king ! sad nobles learn The msjesry of labour , Mora glory it doth earn Than e'er was gained by sabre . Bnt who hath plough asd spade Restored to pristine honour ! The world hath answer made , The great and good O'Connor . Then lie man , the bub , reren To him all praise be given , Who to the rightful heir , Restores tae gift of Heaven . Briegeton , Glasgow .
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THE LABOURER ( edited by Feakgos O'Connob , Esa ., M . P . ) November . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Bow . The article which first invites perusal in this month's number of the Labourer has for its subject ' The System of Land Tenure and Agriculture in Guernsey . ' Over-population'is asserted to be the great evil Of the day , and 'Emigration' is cried up as the only remedy . If the country were ever-populated , jfcmbflfiss , emigration would be the fitting reaedy . Bnt to prove over-population it must first be shown that these countries , known ' by the style and title ' of Great Britain and Ireland , are cultivated to the full extent of their capabilities , and that
notwithstanding such cultivation the produce is not sufficient for the sustenance of the population . Nothing of the sort can be shown ; on the contrary , the reverse must be necessarily inferred by a comparison of the extent ef population of these islands with the population of the neighbouring island of Guernsey The population of Ireland may be stated at two hundred and twenty-five to a square mile ; that of Great Britain at about two hundred and fifty to the square mile . The population of Guernsey , was ; in 1841 , eleven hundred and twelve persons to the tqnaretmle ; and there was then no cry about * overpopulation' in that island . We believe no such cry is heard at the present time ; and we are confident that the emigration-schemers will not think of attempting to enlist the sympathies of the Guernsey
The climate of Guernsey is not superior to that of the South of England , nor the land more fertile ' ; and , taken altogether , Ireland enjoys to the fall , as many natural advantages as Guernsey . How is it , then , that more than a thousand persons to . the square mile can be supported in a high state of comfort in Guernsey , while of the two hundred and tvtnty . five to the square mile in Ireland , and ' the fwo ^ hundred and fif ty in England , almost one-half are beggars or paupers , and another large'portion constantly oa the brink of destitution ? Sow comes U to pass that , in Guernsey , criminals are almost
unknown , and beggars are not to be seen , while , in England and Ireland , the criminal put of the popn . littonis numbered by thousands , andbeggtxr swarm iaevery city , town , and hamlet ? The ; answer fe supplied'by MrF . Hill , now one of the inspectfrataf prisons i—* Guernsey has superior laws , superior mtfationt , and the state of tilings ia Guernsey is K among the thousand proofs that havebeen given , that the prosperity and happiness of a people are mnch more dependent on its laws , institutions , and the manner in which its government is carried on ; thin on climate and fertility of soil . ' . The writer in the Labourer supplies the following interesting account of
USD TXIDU AMD SKILL FAIXJ W Q 0 ZU 1 IT . The system of land tenure , and of cultivation , by which an inland whose productive rer&ce ii little more than 10 . 000 acres of orchard , garden , arable , and pasture land , a enabled to support 2 ^ 630 inhabitants in tiie state of comfort described by Mr Hill , ia totally opposed to the degmas of the political ecoaomuU . Tee tenure is < quivaUnt to proprietary in almost every instance . Theland being neither reatednorleued , asinthis country , by the cultivator , the estates are minutely
subcnided , and worked principally by the spade . The tenure of property partakes of the double nature of land held as a farm , surject to the payment af annual rtats , ¦ ad ma lend held as freehold In pt rpetultj . A purchase may be made by the immediate payment of the price ¦ freed upon , or fey the payment of a part only , and the eonTtrsioneftbe remainder ! into corn rents , to beanaoallypa : d , or-fina ll y : by converting the whole cf the frit * into such reata . Ia the tto lut cases , ¦ where a part of or the whole of the price is stipulated for aa casual rat , the purchaser it , . ' . . : - ¦ " - r .-. y ¦
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to all Intents and pmrpoase , aaauch theproprieter n la tte £ r it case where the wboto prise is paid down in cub , heirs eaa never be disturbed , bat hold the fandasfree ? holdifor ever . To the fonstr proprieter tie rent * are guaranteed by the land sold , and by all the oiher real property held at the tits * oCtale by the purchaser free from such incumbranpe , and the , rents being transferable , aad such property befog always in demand , monty can be raised by their aale with as much ease , as It coula before on the land itself . Thus , without the necessity of cultivating the soil , the original possessor ! enjoys the net income of his estate secured on the estate itself , which he can resuase in can of non-payment , while the purchaser , on the doe payment of ! the rent charged , becomes reel and perpetual owner ^ having an interest ia the soil far above that of faimars under any other tenure . Experience has proved . that , j under this tenure ; a rpirit of industry and economy f * . generated , producing content , ease , and tven wealth , f ^ om estates which , in other countries , are hardly thoug ' hf capable of affording sustenaoce to their occupants .. ' j .
landed property ia GtunutyiitxtremeigsBbdivided . lastead of the property in the island being held in Urge masses , each acre of which i § of insigaiflcejat value to the owner , it Is covered oter with clusters of small estate ! of from four to five acres . There may be some in each parish of twenty or thirty , but these ] are txesp . tions , and thirty-acre estates are extremely rare and looked upon as being considerable estates , [ his is the result of the law of suceecdon in the island , . Land bj that law cannot be devised by will . Thej eldest ' son takes as his eldership the house , and frofe sixteea to twenty perches of land , adjoining it on . the paUrnel or materaal estates , if there be both—he is also at liberty to retain the land in a ring fence ; that is to lay , to keep poweuloa of all lands to which he may fiavo acces * without crossing tba puttie toad , but for tuch put of the land as exceeds hla awn shire , be mas pay to hi ' i
co-heirs the price pat opoo it by the cob tsbles and dousauiers , or lecal court of the parish i which the laad is situated . -Witt the exception of oi e-twentistn part ef the land , which ia reserved for th sons , and out of iwhich the eldership Is takaa , the rei 1 property is divided two-thirds aasaeg the soms , one-thir , among the daughters ; but should their relative- numi era give an adraatsge to the daoghter ^ if a third wen allowed to them , they would be boaad to forego the advantage , and to share equally with the brothers , [ n order to preveataa unnecassaiy flitting up of these s Bill estates , it it provided thmt tha eldest soa may , it te hare the means , be allowed to pay lo each of hU . J rothers and sisters the value of their share of the propei ty , and then retain poisfsiion of the whole himself . n
We add an extractor two illustrative ( f the effects of the Guernsey system , as shown by * le quantity and quality of ' --io » icoLTtn , » i noocci . P The rotation of crops generally obser ed gives two crops ofiwhoat in five , yean ; the usual course being pirtnips , wheat , barley , clover , and whea , the greater prefaceof wheat betog after panntps . The avenge produce of wheat inEaglsnd , undtr fte large-farm system ; i « estimated by the best authorities at from ti en-y-threeto tneniy . four Wineheattr bushels per acre . In Guerutty , ucuer ihe . small-&rm system , a fielt oi exactly two Eoflish acres and a half produced one inndred aad thirty / oor and ° « bill Winchester bushels or fifty-four bushels per acre . It is well aseertain « f ^ 1 at other far . have fiftyfive aiid sixty but ! tele
mers grown - an acre ; so that the ordinary wheat crop may be taken as at lease double tbst ' of the large taiBn of England . The hay crops average three tons and a half ai acre .. They havd beta frequently known on the best , land and ia favourable seasons , to be four tons and tarea > quarters . Field roots for cattle are iqaaU £ produoti 'e . Parsnips are a favourite crop , not only on accoun ; of their pro . ducttoness , but on account of their mil ity in fatting stock and its power of rosistiog the in , urits of frost . The produce per acre , thoaga leu than that of mangel wuixel , i » conslderab ^ greater than that jof the carrot . A geo 4 crop in Gueratey ia oonaiderei absat twentj . two tons per Saglish acre . Hogs prefer thu root to . all otters , ana make txcelkBt pork , but theibolliog of toe root renders too bacon flikkj . Tha animal can bo fat . ten « d la six Ifeeks upon this food . ' ii . . ? *
Viewing . ihe agricultural system of Guetnsey as a whole , the fertility of the soil and tha weight of the orops cannot be disputed . Let the production of the islaad be « ompar « d to that of aay ten thousand , acres kept in one , two , or three hands in Great Britain , and the superiority of small farms will be obvious ; independently of the support of the familus employed le cultlvt tion , in a high state of comfort , the produce sent to market Is much larger than from the laige-farm system of this couatry , Tfee Gaerarey ten ' thousand acres keep two thousand five hundred milch cows , which produce , ene with the other , all the year round , five pounds of butter per week—this at Is . per pound or its vain ? in milk , amounts to £ 33 , 000 a year ; five hundred and of
fifty cews are" exported , and about that ^ nmber fat cows or oxen are slaughtered . The quantity of vegetables , fruit , poultry , and esgs , brought to market , is prodigious , and as many as 267 , 733 bushels of potatoes were exported in the year 1889 : the eider of the island is of the best quality , and several hnndred hogsheads are annually shipped to England . The agricultural prodace therefore , from such m small surface , wUl be seen to ha enormous , and sneh aa to lncontestibiy demonstrate the tnperiorlry of the tenure by which the land U held ; and the mode in which it is cultivated . As a consequtnee of this abundant production , prices are low . Wfieatisjcheaperin ^ Guenuey than with us . The erdiaary price of good meat is fourpenca per pound
moist tugar from threepence to fourpenoe ; potatoes sell for threepence a p . ck . A tax of one shilling a gallon on imported spirit , is the only indirect tax of any kind whatever . The principal tax 1 * a direct oae ; I t Us property tax averaging about sixpence in the pound upon all existing property . Thus a man pajs this tax not only for his lands and houses , but for money » . htoh he may have in tha funds , for money lent on mortgage < fco . With theproeeeds of this tax the whole general aad local expenses of the govemmeBt of this island are de . frayed , including the making of reads , the construction of public buiidiags , and the support ef two hospitals in St Peter . Psrt , fbr the maiateaaaea of aged , decayed , and e'ek aad infirm persons .
Notwithstanding these moderate prices , the rent of laadis so high that It will astonish the English reader . It must be very inferior indeed if Ue rent is not two pounds per terjee , which , as two and a half tergea are equal to one English statute , acre , is at the rate of five pounds per acre ; The best land Is much higher , being valued at three poands to three pounds . five shillings per verget , or nearly three pounds per . statute acre . The whole article is well worthyi of attentive perusal . The conclusion of the story of 'The Murdered Trooper , ' a continuation of the series of articles on ' National Literature , * and the conclusion of the romantic drama of St John ' s Eve , ' constitute the remaining contents of this number .
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Simmondts Colonial M yazme . November . London : Simmonds and Co ., Barge Yard , Bucklersbury . To the general reader the most inviting articles are those on ' The Russian and Japanese KurUe Islands , ' 'Arctic Discovery , ' and a series of ' Letters from the Ottawa Kiver , Canada . ' From an article advocating 'The revival of Cotton Cul ^ ture in the 17 est Indies * we select the following extract :- ^ - ¦ ¦ • ¦ ;¦ . ¦ A WORD TO ' PHttANTHBOPISIS ' — HORRORS OF
BRAZILIAN SLAVERY . By an inconsistency the most glaring , a contradio tioa the most absurd , the philanthropists of Great Bri tain , while denouncing the atrocities af the slave drivers of the Geoigias , supply those very slave drivers with the mesas and stimulate the extension of those atrocities by paj ing them Ifs 8 d out of every 20 a . they erptmf upon cotton apparel , " and leaving but the miserable pittance of 8 s 44-for thexeward oi _ the free labour of their onii fellow autjeets . -They aurorar . at the poor man being . allowed to sweeten his tap of sloe-leaf infusion , miscalled tea , with a few grains of slave ^ iaised sugar , while tley wear the ' ftuiuo / American " tyranny without compunetioD ; smeke the . » ujy weed of Virgtais withouti a blush , and decorate their wives end daughters in the
. diamonds ef Brazil , without once rtflecting on the blood Mni jrdsay by which-they are procured , or eaUlng to mind that . tie atrocities , of tin miaei or ucmq thoia of the field , ' and ^ thit aa ' . ' . slin ^ rown lagar of BrVzU ascends toBJnven . with fewsr imprecations from iaffering bumanivyi . than the gola won with dimcui ^ f ' frdm ^ e bowels of the earth , or the glittering . baubles purchased at a pdoe at which feumanity ; shudders . Of this lait , as wtlla » ' * f thj . iuttioej which pierails among slaveownus / itake the ^/ ollowiBg characterlstlo example—¦• Senor Geronimo . ; x * aex , i : direetor , of a' ' Brazilian diamond mine , -havingv reason to suspect a ' - negrobf stealing diamonds , ordered ' Jtbin to U ripped ' - own , whea a magnificent me < Kaao * d was found in hit intes
tines . Encearagedbythetucctssbfhisfirst experiment , h » erdered . it tojbe tr 4 efl ;^ a ' j ^ e second , third , ' and fourthsuspectsdnegro ; . bat , Mcach case tfavictim * toere { mwtnt—no sitKoass wzax sodhd . ' This result , however ,, did not ch' ck Senor Pa » , who repeated his atroctoas ao * . upon two itou negroes , but uniuccessfolly . His conduct at last reached the ears of the proprietors of the miae , by whom he was suramoued before tke Tribunal of Tilla Bella . By the judgment delivered on the 25 th of February , 1816 , we learn that Pat z was ordered to pay Senores Clfaentes and Co ., tbe lessees of tba mines of Bressala , she sum of 2 , 509 piastres , as tbe value of the five negroes of whom he had deprived the company , by puKinj then to ( toalfiwiiHoui aht utuitt ! No order was made for the first negro , asMs deals wsb
FOX THE BEHSHT Of THI OWMUS . for the CB 1 KBJIO proceedings had been ( a&en ! ! / The only crime , la the eyes oftheslave-driviog judges , oonuated in the failure to detect proofs of guilt , not in the desecration of that which the Almighty oan alone bestow—a gift estimated by them at the mijhty valae of tome £ ld 8 s 4 d sterling . Bat will this tale of horror , verified as it Is by judicial proceedings , have the tffect of diminishing the ule otSrasQUn diamonds in the British mark ** by a single unit ; or exclude one of these glitterlog crystals of charcoal from the jewel boxes ef our pailaathaoplvflurooas ? Ifearnot .
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bast paid . I Bay , further , that those who follow dant ^ W * m loathsome occupations , ( if moh oeenpatioi are-ne < fesB » ry forStnst welfare of Moiety , ) should W w ^ Lttw ^ J : ? ^^ fOttla i reuah a coal miner receivicg a rew *» s ?;* !? labour equal . to that which I receive for n » ne ? I ^ usWer . weWtne ' rtrwaTdy ^ reVersed , were my recompense transferred' to the coil lojiner and his wages to me , I Bhould anil be very forry to change places with him , ; not because I shriek from labour , bnl because I could cot help shrinking from the labour he punnes .. According to my ideas of justice
manners and miners should receive the very highest material rewards , in return for their most useful and most dangerous labour . Many loathsame and many dangereus occupations which might be'dispensed with / should be altogether superseded . If England had a government worthy of the name , it would t » ke care that tbe present fork grinders of SbeiKeJd should be tbe last of their calling . No more generations doomed to asthmatic old age at twenty five , and death by or before thirty five , would be devoted to that murderous employment . :
The friends of Loois Blanc have an easy task to defend his ideas in opposition to the' damnable duebrines' . of the supporters of the existing syatem . Bnt ean they as easily reply to those who , hating the existing system , look u on Louis Blanc ' s plan 8 B , ef itself , inadequate to save the working clauses from misery ? If a just and paternal government pad ruled in France ten years ago , and if that government , in a time of general peace and comparative security , hadoarried out Louis Blanc ' s tcheae of Asiooiation , I feel persuaded that , long ere this , the most beneficial results would have been seen . But now that the uubearable misery of the wsrking classes , combined with tbe horrible conspiracies of the enemies of Labourhave produced a state oi
, anarchy—not to be maateied by artillery , nor remedied by paper constitutions '—now Lotiia Bung ' s soneme is / hot sufficiently . radical . Bolder—more sweeping' measures—conceptions more : thorou ? b ) y revolutionary are neoeBBary to sate the siate . If the men at the head of . the real democrats are not prepared to propose such measures , should the opportunity to bring them forward present itself , or if the proletarians of France are not prepared to inaiKt upon such measures—then the Revolution of 1848 has been in vain . The whole system of society in France dooms tbe masses to degradation , despair , and death , atd by the force of law , or' tbe law of force , that system must perisB . ° - ' Iinot ; woe to tbe workers !
On Saturday , November 4 th , the new Frenoh Constitution was adopted almost unanimously . The memhers of the National Assembly shouted ' . Yivt la Republique ! ' ' Twt la Constitution ! ' I am afraid that too many hypoctites and masked traitors joined in that shout . Before the final vote was taken , the Gitizan Fmx Put , one of ' the Mountain , ' made another attempt to embody a declaration in favour of the' Right to Labour . ' His motion was of course rejected , . qnly _ . 86 _ ye 1 ; jng for it . _ 638 recorded their votes flffainBttheobjvelof the Revolution of February .
Fiux PlAt . W » treated in the moat ruffianly manner by the infamonB majority . Constantly interrupted , he was almost torn from the tribune when , in spite of the bowlings of the aristocrate , he dartdto vindicate thein 8 urgents of June , by pronouncing their insurrection * tbeprotest of popular rxisery . ' The Constitution ( which rmav take another opportunity of reviewing ) guarantees'Universal Suffrage . If it ouuld guarantee universal common sense , there would be no chance of suoh another assembly ever pretending to represent th « Freuch people . .
Vienna has falleB ! The heroic tbe gallant democrats of the Austrian oapital have been overpowered by brute-force . Hundreds have been mowed down by the tyrant ' s artillery . Hundreds more have been slaughtered by their brutal victors . Their families and hemes have been abused and desolated by ruffians and'pillagers . Proscription , rapine , murder , and crimes I forbear to nameyhavemade the hapless city a mortal hell—a pandemonium of tiorrers which even the . most powerful pea would fail ; to describe May . tt > & vengeance , overtake- the deaolatoia of Vienna ! ' . " ' '¦ ' ' - ¦'" ^> ' ¦¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ - .
It will be ' remembered that-the people of Vienna generously anil Boblyirose . ' oij the 6 th of October to preyeat the marching of troopB : against the Hungarians . . . They succeeded , and the cowardly emperor , alarmed at this manifestation of popular principle and courage * took to his . heeh . -If in that hour the Diet had deprived FBRprtAniJ of his orown , and inyoked the aid of . the GirmaBpfeprJle fenifche defence ofVienhs . the horrors of the 1 st of November and ¦ subsequent days would neverfcaye been . Butlhe Diet temporbed and all was lost , ' A defeated tyrant was never yet conciliated , and ' all but fools must have
seen from the outset that the . 6 toly object of Fbedikard and his admirers was to gain time . As long as the mercenary hordes destined to execute the royal vengeance were hot collected 'th ^ tyrant amused the Diet with fair speeches about his love for his people , 4 b . Even when marching his barbarian hordes against the capital , he professed to do so with ' a bleeding heart ' -rthe ' hypocrite ! Windischoratz ' s cut-throats onoe collected and leady fur aotion , the Royal Cain threw off the mask of moderation , and , instead of fair words and fine promises 'Cried havoc ! Bed let slip the dogs of war 1 '
After suffering bombardment for several daya , the city appears to have been taken by storm on the 1 st met . Its gallant defec . deis were ' either mowed down by . grape , shot , or , on 'being overcome with atmsin their hands , were unmercifully put toihe sword . , ' ' " /¦ ¦ ' ! The conduct of the Hungarians , who - hive been represented aa all along able and willing to save the city , but did not do so , is as yet ' unaccountable . At the last moment , a portion of the Hungarian army appear to have made a desDerate and vain attemui
to turn the tide of war , but their efforts were ? too late . '' Fatal words ! 'Fatal ' sometimes to kings , but nearly always so to the people : . . .. Unhappy ' nations ! Why will you sot learn wisdom from expenence ?• Why will you , persist in shutting your eyeB to the eternal fact , that the , royal , aristooratical , and money-grinding enemies of Labour are your irreconcilable enemies ; enemies who have no belief in Justice , no Bense of Honour , and no trust but in Force . Why , oh Peoples , when you have those enemies under your feet , why do you not do unto them as they $ o unto you ? L'Ami dv Peupie . November 9 th , 1848 . .
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MINER'S ASSOCIATION . A gracd demonstration of the Aspul , and Black rod Colliers waB held on Monday , November 6 th The procession , headed by a band of musio , started from the Green Barn Lodge , at nine o ' clock in the morning , and proceeded to meet their brethren al tbe Red Lion Lodge . The proeeasion having been formed , proceeded to the plaoe of meeting , calling al the Three Crowns ' and Blaok Horse Lodges . Al this place the miners of the Waggon and Horsei Lodjie , Adlington , were waiting to join the ranks the procession then moved to the ledge at the Ccct Tavern , where the district officers and deleeatei
were assembled . They then proceeded to tbe lodge held at Mr Pilkington ' s , and also to Aspul Moir , calling at the various lodges on the Moor , andb&ok again to the place of meeting . A miner was unanimously elected chairman . The meeting was addressed by H . Dennett , D . Swallow , J . Parkinson , and other friends . At the conclusion it was unanimously resolved to send ina statement tor an advance of wages—that is , the prices of 1846 and ' 47 . A vote of thanks was given to the chairman and the speakers for their eervices . After giving three times three , and three cheers more for the union , the men returned to their various lodge rooms , preceded by the band .
What are the miners of the Tyne , Wear , and Tees doing ? Are they not coming to the rescue ? During the past week , meetings have been held at Ringley , Bury , Bolton , Wigan , &o . A csunty meeting' of Miners will be held at the Bowling Green Inn , Halsbaw Moor , near Bolton , on Monday , November 13 th , to commence at eleven oclock precisely . The statements to , be bent in to the masters fer an advance of wages will thea be prepared . i
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PRESENT AND FUTURE STA'lE OF EUROPE . — FaM ^ IILT waD ? £ , " ^; EUROPE AND OF MADETTioNS ^ °° 1 ErY ° BK
Reasons for a European Federation : — I . H is the interest of each individual to be a member of the strongest and best government—a government based on truth , and con-Bwtentm principle and practice . 2 To have a . Code of Laws just in principle , and simple and easy of application to practice ! 3 . 1 o be unrestricted by Custom Houses and passports , and to have direct and light taxation . ' ¦
4 . To be well trained , educated , employed , and placed . ¦ ' r j * 5 . To be so instructed tliat each may be his own priest , lawyer , physician , and soldier ; in order that each may be the most independent of others that social arrangements can be made to admit . 6 . That each individual should be gradually removed into social arrangements that would combine the advantages of the . present cities , towns , and isolated residences , without any of their innumerable evils and inconveniences . -
7 . That each individual should be so instructed and placed , as to be made competent to take part—at : the proper age—in the government of tbe social arrangements—local and general—of which he is a member . . 8 . That standing armies and national ecclesiastical establishments should be gradually superseded ; but that the individuals at present supported by them , as they have been so trained and placed by society , should be amply provided for . 9 . That the repulsiye principle which is tne
cause of competition , contests , and wars , should be openly abandoned by all nations j and superseded b y the attractive principle , which will create universal peace , un ' on , charity , and love , among all those who are now opposed to each other over tbe world ; opposed by language , religion , and other national prejudices . 10 . That the greatest amount of valuable wealth , compatible with the health and rational enjoyment of the producers , should be annually created , and justly distributed .
11 . That it is , in fact , the interest of every one , that old society , which is opposed to the right cultivation of thehuman faculties and to the happiness of all , should be now peaceably superseded by new society , which will secure the happiness of all ; which change , by wise arrangements , may be accomplished without evil to any : and thus all inferior circumstances in every department of life , may be gradually superseded , and replaced by those only which are superior .
This knowledge of what is forthe immediate and permanent interest and happiness of al will form a solid and eternal foundation for a general rational Government , Constitution , and Code of Laws , for Europe and the world , when federatively united ; or , for each existing state separately , while unwisely isolated , and opposed in interest and feelings to its neigh-> ours . .
CONSTITUTION AND CODE OF LAWS FOR EUROPE . WHEN FEDERATIVELY UNITED UNDER ONE GOVERNMENT ; 08 FOR EACH SEPARATE GOVERNMENT . UNTIL THAT UNION SHALL HAVE BEEN PEACEABLY EFFECTED .
PRELIMINARY . Europe has hitherto been divided—owing to the very crude and inexperienced state of the hnman understanding—into { nations speaking different languages , having different interests , and trained under different governments , in opposing feelings and strong national prejudices . These are circumstances ' vicious and most unfavourable for every inhabitant of Europe ; and it is , therefore , the interest of all , from the highest to the lowest , to terminate , as speedily as practicable , this most irrational state of affairs , in which all are grievous sufferers .
Were Europe under one government , composed of well devised independent states , federatively united , and each independent state scientifically constructed to perform ; -irr the best manner , all the substantial business of life , and to ensure , frohi birth ^ by a . gdod practical education , the ' well-doing an'd happiness of each individual , ALL THE INHABITANTS'OF ElTROPE WOULD BE IMMENSE GAINERS , and the world would be induced—by witnessing their individual and socialprogress and happiness—to imitate the example . :
Under the supposition that the now opposing nations of Europe will acquire sufficient common sense to discover that their prosperity , peace , and happiness , can proceed onl y from union ; and that union can be attained only when society shall be based on fundamental truths , instead of , as heretofore ^ on fundamental falsehoods , a Government , Constitution , ' and Code of Laws will be required , formed in accordance with those truths . (¦
To form an intelligent , united , virtuous , proBperous and happy state of society for . Eur ^ jte , arrangements mustbeecientifically combined to create and distribute , wealth , in the best manner , and in abundance for all ; . to form , from birth , a good anduntelligent character for all ; to well and temperately exercise , through life , the physical and mental powers , faculties , and propensities of all ; to well govern these
arrangements locally , and to unite them federatively in one common interest , under one general government ., To effect this happy change for the world , all the innumerable vicious , injurious , and inferior external circumstances created by a system based on falsehood , and which now pervade society , must be superseded by those circumstances only which are virtuous , beneficial , and superior , in every department of life .
This new combination of circumstances may now be formed for Europe , at much less than one-tenth of its present labour and capital ;' and the whole thus locall y re-organised and federatively united , may be governed far better and with much more ease and efficiency , than London , Paris , Vienna , or any other city or town , is now governed , or ever can be , under the false principle on which alone the w . orld has been hitherto governed . With -this view a Constitution and Code of Laws , devised and recommended for the future government of Europe , and the world , with the reasons ft > f each law , shall be given in future numbers ' , ¦ ¦•' - . Robert Owen . ' London , November 7 th , 1848 .
Untitled Article
¦ Coroner ' s I * quest . —Death of a Prhonbb in Na'JOAiB . —Oa Friday night week , an inquest was held , at Newgate , on the body of John Bull , aged twenty six , a prisoner , who died from the alleged grief and fexoitement consequent on his confinement therein ; Mr Cope , the Governor of i he Prison , stated that iha deceased , who had been a printer , was re coiyed thereon the 10 th of August , 184 Y . bavins ; baen oonvicted at the September sessions for obtaining a bill of exchange under falte pretences . lie was sentenoed to tweyeais' imprisonment . Although ' his friends were-alleged to viBit him , the circumstanoe of his incarceration deeply affected his mind . lie appeared reraoraeful , and suffered great mental de presaioD " . Mr M'Murdo , the surgeon , said that tke disease of > Bull was aggravated , if not induced by the copfinement , and he had sent a certificate to the Home Office , to the effeot that a relapse would be fatal if it occurred while he was confined , A verdiot of ' Natural death' was recorded . . ,
Suicide from Grief . — -On Saturday last , an inqueBt was held on the body ' of Thomas Gadd , axed eighteen , of Blaoktriara Road . John Gadd , a brother of the deceased , stated that a young lady , to whom the deoeased was very tnuoh attached , died . on . Monday ' weik , and since then he had been absorbed in grief . On Wednesday he came to withers with his Bible , fii'k handkerchiefs , shirt studs , &a , and said be should not want them any more . Upon asking him what he meant , he replied , ' Don't at-kve any more . ' He had no doubt he had destroyed himself , and this through the loss of the lady he had bo strong an attwbmectfor * Vetdict , ' TesvocMyiuttityV -I .. '
Untitled Article
A Pairoh op ihb Gamb Laws . —The Bithep of Ripon keeps a gamekeeper . SroMiao DiTiNJts . —No less than sixty-nine of tha Yorkshire State Parsons have taken out licences to " Bboot ! These men aim at being of good report . Since October . 1844 , Bank nf England Stock baa fallen from 203 to 183 , and consols from 104 to 841 It doibh ' t Rhyme , bdi ' wa Tara . —Wby is a wig like a Whig ? Because it ia a ialeo attachment to the crown . . ;* , , _„„„ . Pbhomibs ik Irbland . — There are 12 . 328 prison- - en in tbe several jails throughput Ireland . Patjperibm . —The workhooBe of hilraBh » at present filled to the utmost . The number of inmate * exceed * 1 . 400 . There are over 1000 paupep in ihe Kiilarney wttrkhouBe , 166 having been admitted last Monday week . ' _ ,
Flax is now admitted duty tree in Englwd . The quantity imported has largely increased . A Ckinese proverb cays , * A-lie has no legs and it cannot stand ; but it has wings , and can fly far and wide ' The funds of the Wesleyan Missionary Society of England are not only exhausted , but the trustees an £ 10 , 000 in debt . Te Dbikot Fraud in Tba , —Professor Reid of New York , says , that fraudulently coloured green te » may bs easily detected by putting a small quantity of it in a glass of cold water , letting it remain for a few minutes . . ; Number op Eleciobb ih Ibilasb . — The total number of ekoters registered lor counties , cities , and bprouehB in Ireland , on the l « t of February , 1848 , was 108 , 139 , Bhowing a decrease of 16 . 109 compared with the 1 st of February . 1837
A Good Answer . — What shall I do , ' said a liquor seller , to a temperance lecturer . ' if 1 quit sel « iing rum V ' Go into the peorbonse , ' laid tbe leotorer , 'and be supported there , and let the poor you have made paupers come ont . ' Bewabs op Temptation —Several drapers of Liverpool have been fined £ 1 each and costs for exposing goods at their shop doors , thereby tempting persona tqtheft . A Set . —The name of the policeman and quondam corresponHent of the Nation , who firet proposed tHeeicape of Mr Duffy , and then betrayed him , is UutchinsoD . .- ' -. Ths Govxbnmbnx ms xhb Tveuwik * Tbusts . — It is stated that the government intend to deal with the general question of turnpike ttuata in the next session of parliament , and are endeavouring to obtain information to enable them to do so with effect .
Murder . —A bailiff , named Donohne , who was left in charge of onrn distrained for rest , was murdered on Tuesday , stt Mon ^ ert , county Limerick , Fspali Democrats—DemGcratio clubs of women have been established at Cologne and Bieslan , for tbe purposR of discussing the condition of the workwomen of all kinds . - ¦; ¦ Exetie ' Hall Fanatics . — Sir G . £ . Bradley , BaVr .. Mr Piumptre , and a few mote of tbe Exeter Hall fanatics , are making preparations to convert the Pope snd all his Italian subjects to PrGteBtantiem .
Deaths ? rom Starvation—A few days ago a poor man named Kiely died of hunger , on hii way to tha Newcastle workhoute , Limerick . A poor woman named Meeban fell dead on the steps of Jervis-atreet Hospital , Dublin , into which she had just before that been refused admission . Sibbh Swbbfkrs —The Btreet sweeping machines have been abandoned in Manchester , and the old practioe of cleansing the streets resorted to . No doubt owing to the quantity of Free Trade living machines on hand . Extraordinary Discovert . — The Texas Stab states that a million mummies have been discovered on the environs of Dnranango , Mexico . They are in a sitting posture , but have the same wrappings , band * and ornaments as the Egyptians .
A Todtbpdl Faib . — The Nobvoik Chkomcm 6 Ute 9 . that a Mrs Gilbert and a Mr Holmes residing near Ely , muster between them 212 years , the lady being 102 , the gentleman 110 , aad that both can walk a mile better than a person half acastary behind them . .: . , ; :. ¦ ; -: ; " . " ; How to Orim- a Rswabs . —Ab Irish officer lost a parcel of silk stockings , and sent a bellman about to offer a reward for them ' , which was so Bmallthata friend observed be could not expect to recover them . ' Ah ! ' says Paddy , ' I have advertised them at worsted ones . ' , ! . , A Legal Point . —There is . a report current that Mr Holmes , the eminent lawyer , has stated that ths government have not it in their , power to transport for high treason , as the extreme penalty or pardon must be the result .
A Closer , —A country surgeon , who was bald , was visiting at - a friend ' s house , whose servant wore a wig . After bantering him a considerable time , the dootor said , ' You see how bald I am , and yet I don't wear a wig ? ' To which the servant replied , ' True , Sir , but an empty barn requires no thatch . HOW 1 IANT POOB FaMUJSS , 'WOTJIS IT BAVK R « - lietkd ? —Private letters , which talk of Iriah famine , mention two and twenty guineas as the sun gitenfor ab » in the Dublin theatre , at oaeai Jenny Lind ' s performances , ¦ ¦ Our lives are Bpent either in doing nothing at all , or ia doing no'hing to the purpose , or in doing nothing that we ought to do . We are always com . plaining that our dayB are few , and acting sb though there would be no end of them . —Seneca .
What hbxt ?—MrT > entrthVemi&itotchronomotflr maker , has got the contract for making the great clock for the Victoria tower of ' the House of Parliament : Price £ 1 , 600 . It is to strike the hours oa a bell from eiiht to ten tarn weight , chime the quutersoa eight bells , and show * time on four dials thirtyfeetin diameter . . ' , . j ; Tha Population of Sweden , ani ^ pnta to about 3 , 500 , 000 bbuIb , and has only three paipers in every 400 persons , while in Norway they reckon five out of every 100 ; in Denmark . ' 4 '; ia Wartftabnr ? 5 ; ia Switzerland , 10 ; in Italy , 13 ; in Franoe , 15 ; and in the British Islands collectivel y , it ; although in England separately there are only ten .
Rostio Eloqdkncb . —A farmer ' s labourer , apeak * ineof the hard toil , the small pay , and consequent bad living of the men engaged in thrashing along the winter , brought Ma description of their sufferings to a climax thus : — ' They work till they are at thin as > hnrdleB , as weak as water , and till they tremble like a leaf . ' , . ' J . ^ Thb BrjicnBB and Mb Fox —When Mr Fox was canvassing Westminster , he ealle I on a butcher in St ; Jame »' B Market to wlioit his voto , ; The knight of the ' cleaver thus answered the candidate for his vote and interest . ' Sir , I admire jour head , ^ ut damn sour heart . ! ' ,. To which Mr Fox replied , 'Sir , L admire your candour , but damnyonr manners !' Iupobtation op Potatoes . —The ; importation of potatoes into England is of a magnitode quite
surpriaice . In two days there were landed in Lsndon , from Belgium and Franoe alone , upwards of three thousand tons ! , This was independent of importations from other parts of Europe . ' . Irish Irsolvbnts . —The Ddijum C | asbttb , of Tuesday evening last ,- contains a Hat of 132 insolvents for the counties of Donegal , Tyrone , Enniakillen , Qoeen ' s County , Kilkenny , Limerick , Tipperar y . Waterford , and Wicklow , of which no less thanJS are set down as 'farmers . ' ; t Economical Hair Wash —Take one ounce of borax , half an ounce of camphor ; ponder ihese ingredients fine and dissolve them in one quart ot boiling water ; when cool the solution will be ready tor use . Damp the hair frequently . This wash sot only ef * feotually cieanaea andbeautifieB , bat strengthen j the hair and prevents early baldness .
Lbhd mb a Hundred . —Phil "was inclined for a trip to the Springs , and called npon his friend . 1 , my dear boy , I ' m off for tbe Capes , and I find this morning I am a trifle Bhort—lend me a hundred , will you V Hal , ' after a pause , which apparently included a mental examination ef his financial arliasgementB : ' Well , Phil , to tell jou tha truth , I do not fe ^ el disposed—at present—to make—any permanent investments . ' ' ; : . Important to jSuitob § ui ink Small Debts Cobrt . —Mr Bullock , ina casa beard in the City of London Small Dsbts Court , a few days ago , held that a defendant was not bound to be inattendance nnlen sub ^ coaed to giya evidence as a-Witnegs ; hb honour was m Btrongly of opinion on this point , that he r » fused to adjourn the case [ or an application to tht 'court above . .
The Wroko Sovr Bt ran E » r . —Ab amusing in * oident occurred some time siiice at'the City Clerk ' * Office , Boston . "A ' stout ¦ Irishmancame in at tha same time with an enormous . d ? jr , and said to Mr M'Cleary . who was at his desk , 'May it plaae your honour , I wast aiicense . ' Mr M'Cleary quietly wrote out the license , and handed it to the man . 'And how much am I to pay ?) : 'Two dollars ! ' ' Two dollars ! ' A friend of mine « qt one here only a day oar two ago for fifty cents . ' 'It most -be a mistake , ' replied Mr M'Cleary ; ' I have . been here a great many years ., and never issued a dofj | license under Vni dorlars ! ' 'Dog ! ' cried the Irishman ; * iang the dog !
I never saw the baste before . I want toget married !' EuiOBATio . t to Ambbioa . —The following is a statement of tha number of . emigrants which arrrived alt New York in the present year , from January to September , inclusive :-From Iraland , 72 , 806 ; Germany , 40731 ; England , 17 . 223 ; ' Scotland , 4974 ; France , 2 007 ; Holland , 1374 ; Switseriand , 1 243 ; Norway , 1206 s Wales , 899 ; West Iudies , 335 , Spain , 226 ; Italy . 241 ; Swaden . JlS ; Poland , 53 ; Denuiark , 33 ; Portugal , 35 ; South America , 21 ; Russia , 11 ; Mexioo , 7 ; Belgium , 4 ; China , 1—Total , 143 , 642 . The above liBtshows strikingly the 8 upereininontmtery of Ireland ; for emigration is « decisive test of dissatisfaction and destitution .
Celtic Labouband aColobiovPios . —The Scottish Celt will , in all probability , finally become extinct , i kn > w not how it oan be fctherwise . ' Gronseand sheep pay so muoh better than . Celtic labour , than no pror d . nt landlord would for a moment hesitate which to oiooae . A colony of wild pigs upon any Highlasd estate , would be a muoh more profitable invettatsi ban a colony of Celtic men . —Dr Knot ( Medica Ttmta . Y ,
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Untitled Article
iUAp * o >¦ }• Ji ii ^^ afe ^ aB ^ B ^ B ^^ dr ^ oftak Fallteg—like dsw—npoa a ftongBVp" ^* * That which makes * tbonsandt , ptrbapi millions , thUk . ' BiaoH . - i
• ORGANISATION OF LABOUR . ' THE FRENCH ' CONSTITUTION . ' CAPITULATION OF VIENNA . Brother Proletarians , A considerable portion ef Louis Blanc ' s reply to Thbbs is devoted to a vindication of his scheme of association for the Organisation of Lsbonr , ' in answer to the anesrs and misrepresrotationi indulged in by his uiHorapalotu antagonist . In or last letterthrough want of room—I was able only to indicate the arguments of Louis Buho ; for the same reason , lean in this letter only give the merest outline of his system . '
Under that system the unemployed , or ( aocordine to the infamous phrase of the political economists ) ' surplus' population , would , be formed into associations ef artisan . B , and agriculturists , to work for themnkts . The necessary workshops or factories for the employment of the town workers , would ba provided by the government . The agricultural producers would be placed on lands belonging to the state . The necessary capital wonld be advanced frotn ; the National Treasury . , ^ n th ^ government of ? heasfociations . matw ^ emenc wonld supersede mastership . The government would take the initiative of superintendence ; bnt after a time each association would become a self-governed body .
Themanufaetnrinz workmen vonld be left to de . cide for themselves , in each association , whether they wonld adopt the present wages system , or that which Lows .. Blanc favours — equality et recompenses . The profits would be devoted—one-fourth to the redemption of the capital , one-fourth to support the sick and aged , one-fourth to be divided amongst the workmen as their share of the profits , and the remalnjng fourth to form a reserve fund . The union of manufactures with agriculture , formed a valuable part of the scheme ef agricultural association , proposed . by tbe Loxeraboarg Commis * sisn- One-third of ^ the eolonista were to be agricultarists ; one-third mechanics , whoie labours are necessary to agriculture ; and one-third manufacturing operMiveB , Shopkeepers—those drones ef the industrial hive—would have found no place in those colonies ..
I muBt refer the reader to the work entitled ' Ofgamsation'of Labour' ( whiek may ba purchased for a shilling ) , or to the supplement to the Spirit or the Aes of the 26 th nit , noticed in my last letter , for a full exposition of Louis Blanc ' s 'system !' .. As regards tha organisation of working men in factories and workshops ,- 'I can see no reasonable objection to that of ganisation . At present five or five hundred 'hands' do manage to pan the day together is a workshop or a factory working for the profit of a waiter , without qasn-elline . or figiiting ;! why , then .
shonld they not worn together for their ) own benefit . on at least equally amicable terms ? Am I answered that anarchy U at present banished from the workshop and factory because the workers are eurbed by a ' master ?' ' I answer , that the manager or super ? intendent wouldjnot be less a conservator of order . There is as much regul rity in our national aa in our private dockyards ; and our political and benefit societies are—to say the least—' quite as well conducted by officers eleoUd by the popular voice , as are associations of ta illowners , or even the 'High Court of Parliament . . !
Jf it be argued that the rule of a ' master'ia necessary to ensure the fidelity and industry of certain workmen , who othetwise would be dishonest or idle it may be answered that the law—the regulations of each association adopted for the good of all—would be a sufficient protection against any such evils ; Beuctes , there wouM be the watohftd ; superintendence of the managers . Lastly , and above all , each being interested in the general ^ welfare—each having ' the interests of a ' master snperadded to his interests as a labourer , no one could play the part of an idler without provoking the geBeral censnre . ' and ensuring correction at the hands of the whole . > ' ' '
If the government—general and local—is able to make dockyards ,, andj ; build cturohea , ' prisons , and bastiles , it h equally able to erect workshops , factories , and fitting dwellings for the working clasaea . If tbe government can appropriate , or sanction the appropriation , of land for the benefit of the rich , it can surely do the same for the poor . If the government can draw taxes and raise loanB to pay , for wars—that is , for destruction—it can surely do tbe same to em- ' ploy the labour of the working men—that ia , for tbe advance oi production . If the government can find millions of money with which toglnt ' the ravenous maws of the tax-eating locusts of the State , surely the means might be found to save the tax-payers from pauperism . In . this country , at all events , the means
are ample enough without the imposition of any new tax , or the raising of any new loan .: The grossly misapplied poor-rates , and the pareoW plundercommonly : called tithes—would suffice—if honestly and bkilfolly administered—to graddaUy , but surely , extinguish pauperism . I alto think I could put the Chancellor of the . Exchequer ' up' te a few ether sources of revenue for purposes of national regeneration ; . > I must , however , warn his Chancellorship that , were he to act upon my suggestions ! , he would cer . tainlybeasassinated by the tax-eaters and profitmongers , unleis , indeed , those worthies stood in awe of the proletarians . The support of ihe masses the Chancellor of .. the Exchequer may at once command—provided . he will straightway commence
a pourse of operations direotly the reverse of those he has hitherto engaged in , taking care to make the universal enfranchisement of the people the basis of his policy ., ' A great outcry has b 2 en raised against Louis Blanc , on the ground that were his scheme of industrial organisation in operation , ' talentand industry would be allowed no larger share of material advantages than ignorance and sloth . ' It nrghtbe sufficient to answer , that so far from desiring to place idleness on an equality with industry , the very object Louis Blahc has in view , is to put an eod to the system by which the idler is enabled to lire upon the labour of the worker . But it will be answered , ' Louis Blasc proposes that ' the present Bystem of unequal wages shall be
superseded by equal recorapehaeir to " all workers . ' A reference to Louis Buhc ' s writings will show that he regards equality of recompenses , however juBt or desirable , as a Byatem which the working men themselves are not jet prepared to adopt . But I submit that much might be said in favour of Lwuis Blako ' s theory . One thing is certain , that—as a general rule—unier the present system , thosa . who work hardest are the woirat paid . ' it will not be pretended that bricklayers work as hard as ' bricklayers' labourers , nor will it be pretended that the latter receive the highest pay . The same may be saidof ' attorniesaud their clerks—rectors and their curates . . Pharaoh ' s dream faithfully prefigured the present state of society—the fat kine devour the lean . • •
The most zealous opponent of Lotus Blanc would be hard put to it to show that talent has any better chance than industry under the present Byatem . By talent , I mean genuine intellectual superiority unalloyed by cunning or baseness . Thomas Ghat , the inventor of the railway system , after lingering through a life of negleotand privations , died a few weeks since in a state of positive distress . On the other hand HunsoK , the ' Railway King , ' who possesses not a spark of the geniuB of Gray , has acquired immense wealth ' , the lord mayership of Yerk . ' aud a seat in the legislature . Some time sinoe an attempt was made to get up a testimonial to ' present to poor Geay , as an expression of public gratitude for the service he had done the state , in first showing the feasibility of the
railroad Bystem . Aot one of the railway companies could be ; Induced to subscribe even a penny . Now look on the other side ef the picture : some moneyworshipping scoundrel Btarted the iiiea of ' a testimohial ' ihnonour of Geobqe HuDso » , ! Esq ., M . P , ' and 'forthwith' twenty thousand pounds were collected . The rail way inventor had talent , and he lived and died in misery ! " The 'railway king' possesses the one needful . qualification for success —bourgeois-exult —and he lives in boundless luxury . dnA rolls in untold " wialth . ThB ' BanofMM * ii Btsrving , and a . few hundred pounds could not be collated for him . The man of craft laboured under a plethora of wealth , and at hia feet huHdreds hastenedcto lay their golden stores ! ?¦ ' ¦ :
The apologists of the present syaiem point to men who by their' industry' and ' talerita' have exalted theiheelves to the ranks of the wealthy and the noble . But I assert , that were the histories of those men investigated , it would be Been , that nearly the whole have either profited by the industry or talents of others ' , or owed their first advaneoment to fortunate accidents , or ' made themielves the toals and . toadies of the rioh ; trampling upo l their own order —the sons bf poverty—bnt with a ready suppleness ' becking and booing * to the men » f property . " The man who , in this age , has acquired wealth or greatness purely by his own industry , i > r the force of his genius , unaided by craft , servility , j or spoatacy , is a phenomenon I shbuldmhch like tp see . If such a 'human ' exists , and can be caught and shown ' alive , 'he will be an infinitely greater wonder than hceix
the pa , the broken , and the great sea serpent wonld be , though all three-were safely caged together , and exhibited as the' latest , " newest , ' 'just arrived ' happy family . ' ' L '" ' ' To return to the question of wage * : lam prepared to maintain that if unequal rewards are the most just—if wages should be paid according to the kind of labour performed—as Lonia Bunc ' s opponents contend—then the present system ought to be , in almost every instance , entirely reverted . At pre-Bent those who minuter to the artificial wants of the idlers of society are the best paid , whereas these who produce articles of prime necessity are the wont paid . I gfant exceptions , but 1 assert such is the rule . If inequality of rewards are tba most just , then , I aay , justice demands that the useful rathei than the ( ooapatttively ) ofelen WerMry should be
Wanttus;.
Wanttus ; .
Untitled Article
Accident by ah Ounibos . —An inqueBt was held on Tuesday before Mr Millu , at the Builders' Arms , Compton Street , Burton CreBcent , on the body of J . Lock , aged 63 , a carpenter , who ; was knocked down by an omnibus , the property of Mr Bennett , Chehea , jwhile : coming up Whitcomb Street at speed of between six and seven miles an hour , by which his right leg was fractured . In a few dajB dis * sease of the chest manifested itself , ' of which he died on the 27 th of October . The witnesses said that the driver might have prevented the acoident if he had only stopped a minute , and that om ' nibusios went up Whitcomb Street ina reckless and dangerous manper . —Deceased ' s son observed that the inhabitants informed him that they were every day in danger of their lives by the omnibuBses . —The Coroner remarked that it was a' great thoroughfare , and that bethought the Commissioners of Woods and Forests should have taken steps , to have widened the Btreet
—Verdiot , ' That the deceased died from TdTBease of tha oheBt ; that the jury are of opinion that the street m which the said aeoident happened is a dangerous and unBafe thoroughfare tor omnibusses , whioh daily pass therein , and : that we recommend that come means should be adopted to prevent omnibusses and other vehicles . from travelling along that Btreet as they are at present accustomed to do . 'Mr Mills suggested to the inhabitants living in the Btreet , then in the inquest room , to memorialise the Commissioners of Police for them to place a policeman there on duty , for the purpose of oheoking the speed of the omnibussea . Emigration . —On Monday night , the Britannia , ef 600 tons , left the London Ducks with a large number of emigrants , English , French , German , and Irish , for Australia . There is almost a fleet of veseela lying off the jetty and in the basin , preparing to start for that colony .
Untitled Article
November II , 1848 . THE NORTHERN bTAR . s
To The Working Classes.
TO THE WORKING CLASSES .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 11, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1496/page/3/
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