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THE EXTRAORDINARY PROPERties of this medicine are thus described by an eminent physician , who says : — " After particular obsarratioa of the action of Pass ' s Pills , I am determined , in my opinion , that the'Mowing are their true properties : — "First—They increase the strength , whilst most other medicines hare a weakening effect upon the system . Let any one tike from three to four or six pUls every twentyfour hours , and , instead of having weakened , they will b « found to have reviyed the animal spirits , and to havo im < parted a lasting strength to the body . "Secondly—In their operation they go direct to the disease . After you hayo taken six or twelve pills you will experience their effect ; the disease upon you will " become less and less by every dose you taka ; and if you will persevera in regularly taking from three to six pUls every day your disease will speedily b « entirel y removed from the ystem .
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» - ' } -loyy traffic and general utility , as it may be had ret ^ T ^ all cases of sickness , with confidence in its sin . r D to in in its power to produce relief , su » I'liMt , anJ TO LADIES . Pake ' s Life Pats are especially efficacious variety of ailments incident to the fair sex r .,, 1 : a " * e thG most ( Itlioato constitutions will find then . 1 CVMl *( both before and after confinement ; ami fa . J 1 ! ' fici 'U schools , they cannot be too strongly rccomniem ^ "S' " mildly a » d speedily remove all Skin Eruption , % » % ness of Complexion , Nervous Irritability Sirk u * " ° wand Depression of Spirits , Irregularity , or Gc ' ncnl i > 1 tll « inent of the System . ' "uJJCiw , ;
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TRY ERE YOU DESPAIR ~~ * HOLLOWAY'S PILLS . CURE OP ASTHMA . Extract of a letter from Ifr . Benjamin Mnckie , a resizable Quaker , dated Creenagh , near Lomjhall Ipak , ' dated September llth , 1848 . ' ^ H Kespected Fmexd , —Thy excellent Pills h avo effectuill eured ins of an asthma , whieh afflicted me for three Tc to such an extent that I was obliged to walk mv room I night for air , afraid of being suffocated if I went " to bed v eough and phlegm . Besides taking the Pills , I ruDk ? plenty of thy Ointment into my chest night and morniii " ( Signed ) Benvahi * JUckie . —To Professor Holioway ° ""
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ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS , GESF . nATITZ INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARUIAGE . Twenty-fifth edition , illustrated with Twenty-Six Anatorai cal Engravings on Steel , enlarged to l'J 6 pages . \ m 2 s . Gd ; by post , direct from tho Establishment , 3 s . C 4 in postage stamps . THE SILENT FRIEND ; a medical work on the exhaustion and physical tltfsj of the system , produced by excessive indulgence , the cens ' quences oi infection , or the abuse of mercury , with otar vations on the marrried state , and tha disqualifetioM which prevent it ; illustrated by twenty-six coloured eiu * vings , and by the detail of cases . By R . and L . 1 'Elilvt and Co ., 19 , Bemers-street , Oxford-street , London .
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FRANCE . STA 1 E OF THE COCNTftY . ' The MonUeiir of Thursday contained an account of some trifling disturbances which took place in different portions of Francs , and about the begi nning of last week . At Lyons , Macon , Cbalons-sur- Saone , Strasburg , Limoges , and Troyes , the spirit of disaffection ' was plainly exhibited . According to ww government paitisans , a vast plot was discovered to be on foot , which was to have broken out not only in Paris , but all over F rance , on Monday ; and k the societv called the Solidarity Republican * , was at the head of it . Undoubtedly , there Wtt aconspirany-itwas thegovermnentt hat conBp ^ ed agamst ^ iSten stated that the Garde Mobile were m open revolt at Courbevoie , at the Abbaye , and at the FortoftbeBriche .
the BsiGX op Tzaaoa . The Humber of arrests effected in consequence of the events of the 29 th of January , is more than 200 , and documents of great importance have been seized at the residences of som . 3 of the accused . M . d'Alton Shee is in secret confinement in the Conciergene , The editor of M . Proodhon ' s journal was convicted on Wednesday of a seditious libel , and sentenced to three years' imprisonment and a fine of
3 , 000 f . A great number of persons have been arrested on the charge of having beea the mediators between the Socialists and the Garde Mobile . ¦ PABis . Friday . —The Monikw of this day publishes an account of some trifling disturbances which took place in different portions of Fiance , about the commencement of last week , and endeavours to connect them with the alleged conspiracy of Monday week . The only positive fact mentioned is , that some workmen paraded the streets of Strasburg on Monday , under pretenca of demanding work . The old Municipal Guards are walking about the streets for the first time since the revolution of Febrnarv .
'We are requested , ' says the Fresse , 'to contradict the news of the arrest of the Commandant Bassae , of the 5 th battalion of the Garde MfWe , He never quitted St . Denis or his battalion . The Paris papers of Saturday criticise her Majesty ' s speech . . England ( says the Debate ) has placed itself at the window , from whence it busies itself } contemplating Europe . The effect is to make England contract
herself within heratlf . Lord John Itussell's ministry is neither AVhig , Tory , nor Radical . It is everything and nothing . Its vitality is but a negative force , and merely subsists for want of presumptive heirs . Lord Palraerston is the Minister chiefly menaced in Parliament . -But he will extricate himself from peril , and repel all attacks—first , because his opponents know of no policy to substitute for his ; secondly , because he knows so well how to confound evenis and negotiations , that we defy any one to see their way through them save himself .
M . Forestier , colonel of the 6 th legioB of the National Guard , who had been arrested , was set at liberty this evening . The Constiiutiomel announces a forward movement of a portion of the army of the Alps towards Paris .
THE IMPRISONED PATRIOT d ' ALTON SHEE . The Presse says that M . d'Alton Shee is not suspected of any actual conspiracy , and that he has been arrested merely on account of his advanced opinions . His papers have been seized and sealed , but nothing ha ? , been found in them that compromises either himself or any one else . The following is the letter which Count d'Alton Shee has addressed to the French papers : — A residence in a prison would be supportable , could those who were confined there be secured from calumny ; but the bars do not exclude falsehood from the prisoner , and cowardice finds means to penetrate them .
• AU sorts , of inventions are current at this moment regarding me . An evening paper pretends that 1 was arrested with 200 Socialist Republicans , whilst I vras in the act of presiding over the club of La SoMarite Republicaine . ¦ ' I was arrested alone , at my own house . I never presided over the Solidarile Republicaine , which is not a club , I may say in passing , but an association , to which I am utterly a stranger . 1 A morning paper echoes rumours still more strange . According to this print , there was found at my house a decree of the future Provisional Government , levying a tax of three thousand millions on the rich , suspending the iiberty of the press and the individual , and delivering up to some unexplained vengeance a part of the population .
' This calumny was so extravagant , that perhaps its authors calculated that I should disdain to notice it . I must disappoint their calculation . As falsehood can enter into a prison , let truth issue from it . I give the lie , then , to my calumniators , who hope to escape from my notice by the monstrosity of tleif atticks against me and I can assure all honest m'n , that I felt myself free from all reproach on the day when I took no precaution to defend my liberty ; and that the conscience of the public , like that of my own , will be satisfied as to the unreality of the charges brought against me , on the day when I shall appear before justice . 'D'Alton Shee . ' From ttie Conciergerie , 3 rd January . ' M . Lhermixier has addressed a letter to the Minister of Public Instruction , resigning bis professorship in the College of France .
THE ASSEMBLY . At the sitting of the National Assembly on Thursday , a long discussion took place on the proposition brought forward by M . Lagrange , dn the name of ths Montagnards , for a general amnesty of all persons at present in confinement for political crimes a-.-. d misdemeanours committed since the 24 th of February , 1848 . In the end , the Assembly decided , by a majority of 531 to 167 , that the proposition should not be taken into consideration . A great number of petitions were presented , praying for the dissolution of the Assembly , MLedm Rollin presented a petition from some hundreds of the inhabitants of Paris , praying for the impeachment of the Ministers .
The Committee of Justice has resolved to report against the proposition of M . Ledru Rollin for the impeachment of the ministry . The committee appointed to examine the billon the clubs , have decided , by a majority of nine to six , that it would declare in its report that the measnr e was , in its opinion , unconstitutional . Nevertheless , tvro members of the majority , M . M . Senard and CremieHX , declared that they would join the minority in affirming that it was necessary to modify the bill on the clubs , voted in July last . Almost aU the committee came over to that opinion .
On Saturday night , the committee having recommended that the proposition for an inquiry into the conduct of ministers be rejected , the Assembly in return rejected the report of the committee by a majority of 407 to 3 S 7 . The cabinet immediately assembled at the President ' s palace , and resolved not to ' resign . The Assembly vtSB , in consequence , this day toHiscuss a declaration to the effect thit the policy of the cabinet is dangerous to the republic . The sitting of yesterday was unusually tumultuous . Considerable agitation pervaded political circles .
The defeat of the Cabinet yesterday 13 attributed , in a great measure , to the exertions of M . Marrast , who has for some days past shown increased violence against the Cabinet . He was one of those who voted for M . Ledru-Rollin ' s motion for the impeach , ment of tie Ministry . The President of the Republic has shown his displeasure by refusing to partake of the State dinner given yesterday by M . Marrast , as President of the Assembly—a dinner given specially in honour of the Prince—on the plea o / indisposition . A letter received in Paris from M . Guizot announces his intended arrival here in March . It is added that , ha will retire to the department of the Calvados , and will not re-enter into public affairs .
Pabis , Ssiiday . —M . Thiera has left Pans for Lille , where his father-in-law , M . Dosne , lives , in < iassEqu » nce of the receipt of anonymous letters threatening his life , and attempts having been made to en-. erhis residence . For some time past his house has been guarded by soldiers . In the Hue Chaussee d Antin this afternoon four musket shots were fired from the street into ene of the house * . TV . i National Guards were seized by the police , carrged with this act . Pasm- M-ir . das " . —No one here now believes in the existence o ! the Socialist conspiracy , which ihe government mzoi the pretext for the demonstration on Monday ' ast . The Monifeur has been bring ' ng forward accounts of disturbances in the provinces , to show that the pretended conspiracy extended all over France , hit the attempt bis beea a miserable failure .
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irAW BETRAYED BY THE THE REPUBLIC AGA 1 * . * ASSE MBLY . Paris Tuesday Morning-Yesterday evening the * ? A « rmhlv dividea" upon M . Perree ' sand SS OudfnS mSns , and both divisions were 5 n favour of the Ministry . The first division was on the question of priority hetween the two motions , when it was decided by a majority of 435 to 403 in favour of General Oudinot ' s motion . The Assembly then divided on General Oudinot ' s motion , which was to the following eff « ct : — « The Assembly , adopting the conclusions of the committee , and considering that the bulletin offensive to the Assembly has been formally denied and blamed by the Minister of the Interior , passes to the order
of the day , ' Thi 3 motion was carried by a majority of 461 to 359 , leaviug a majority in favour of government of 102 . M . Perree's amendment consequently fell to the ground . UVBSTION OF DIS 361 UM 0 N . O n T u esday t he mul t i t ude o f pr o pos iti ons for the early dissolution of the Assembly , were withdrawn in favour of the proposition of M . Lajuinais , which
is in substance this : —The Assembly shall immediately proceed to discuss and pass the electoral law , after which it . shall regulate the electeial lists . The elections will take place the first Sunday after the definite closing of these lists , and the new Assembly will meet and the present Assembly cease to exist in ten days after the day of such election . The practical effect of this will be that the present Assembly will be dissolved , if no other incident should intervene , about the middle of April .
M . Lajoinais having developed bis proposi . tion , M . Goichard , and M . Pagnerbe , spoke against it amidst unceasing and violent interruptians on the part of the Assembly . M . Felix Pyat said , in reality , the mandate of the Assembly ought to cease only when its work was completed ; but that work was decidedly not yet terminated , and therefore , de facto , the Assembly ought not yet to withdraw . ( Murmurs . ) The honourable representative then -went on to remark on the contradiction between what was ttoW
proposed and the language employed formerly , even by M . O . Barrot . with respect to the labours of the National Assembly .- On January 8 , that honourable gentleman had made a pompous euiogium of the Assembly and its words ; and now the design was to dismiss it . The design was to injure the Repub lie—( no , no)—and to prevent the consolidation of Republican institutions —( dissent)—but the hopes o ' the enemies of the Republic would be disappointed , and , no matter what mig ht be done the Republic would eventually triumph . . An insurrection , dynastic and ministerial , had lately been held Hp to the notice of the country —( loud interruption)—a sort of moral 18 th Brumaire had
been attempted . ( Continued interruption ) M . Felix Pyat . then recapitulated the immeasurable proofs the Assembly had given of its love of order and society . It had voted the laws on the state of siege , on transportation , on the clubs , on lumul'mus assemblages , on the forty-five centimes , on the ' prcs 3 , individual liberty , and many others , with which it had armed the government to enable it to crush anarchy . That Assembly had shown itself so subservient a 3 to exclude from jthe Republic the sincerest Republicans , and to admit the posthumous Ministers of Louis Philippe and the defenders of the Sonderbundi To requite , it for such valuable services it was not even permitted to die a natural death . This was ungrateful , but logical . The Assembly , notwithstanding , continued attached to the Republic ,
and its Republicanism was its mortal sin . Its enemies wished for a legislature which would efface the very name of the Republic , and transform the President into a king . The President was a mere hat awaiting a crown . Ministers themselves had held from the tribune language for which they ought to have been sent to Vincennes . They were as guilty as Hubert . The proposition of M . Rateau was a dynastic and ministerial insurrection ; it was the invasion of the Assembly by the reactionary party , or , as it is called , the honest and moderate party , ( Laughter . ) M . Felix Pyat , in conclusion , declared that if he and his friends were anarchists , they would vote for the proposition , persuaded as they were that the legislative Assembly would be followed by the Convention . ( Loud applause on the Left . )
After a speech from M . Sarrans , M . Lamartiue delivered a very lengthy speech in favour of the proposition of M . Lajuinais . . He declared that France trembled at the violent Republic , but loved the moderate . The fears of the Republic dated from the procession of the 200 , 000 men in the streets of Paris in the month of March . —This speech produced great excitement in the Mountain , and the Assembly adjourned at half past six o ' clock .
GERMANY . AUSTRIA . —An army bulletin , dated Schemnitz , the 23 d of January , contains the intelligence of the occupation of that town by the Austrian troops under Lieutenant Field Marshal Baron Csorich on the 22 dult .
THE WAR IN HUNGARY . We have news from Vienna of the 2 nd inst . The Hungarians , under Perczel , having crossed the Theiss , advanced towards Pesth , so that Major-General Oettinger had been obliged to retreat to within eight German miles of Perth ( about thirtyeight English miles ) . This had induced Field-Marshal Lieutenant Wrbna , the commander in Pesth , to issue a proclamation , warning the inhabitants of that city to abstain from all hostile demonstrations , threatening instantly to bombard it should they attempt anything against the Imperial troops . 12 , 000 men and fifteen batteries were , immediately sent from Pesth , and the field-marshal and his staff proceeded to the expected scene of action on the 26 th .
ITALY . ROME . —Advices from Civifa Vecchia announce that three ships , under a flag which was believed to be that of Spain , had been signalised . The people immediately ran to their arms . It adds : ' This ne « s is given under all reserve . ' The provisional committee of public safety has issued a proclamation , dated the 22 nd nit ., appointing the trial of the insurgents of the 10 th January for the 24 th inst . 11 Pemiera Italiano , of the 29 th ult ., under date of Gaeta , of the 23 rd , says that Count Marturi , the Sardinian envoy , had declared , in the name of his government that all measures were taken to replace the Pope on his throne . Some disturbances took place at Florence on the night of the 27 th ult .
The names of the Roman deputies in the Constituent Assembly were published on the 2 Stb , and celebrated by 101 guns and the ringing of bells . Among the deputies named we remark Sturbinetti , Sterbini , M u zz a relli , G alletti , Campello , and Charles Bonaparte . LOMBARDY . —Onthe 30 th ult . the second instalment of the forced contribution imposed by Radetzky was payable . The gretter number of pro . prietors declared they would not pay it , preferring rather an expropriation of their property .
The Piedmontese Gazette , of the 30 th ult ., publishes a protest of the Minister Gioberti against the violation of the armistice by the Austrians . This document states that an illegal system of spoliation had been established under the name of contributions , or extraordinary war tax ; that property of emigrants had been confiscated ; [ and that Italian vessels had been seized on by the Austrian fleet , notwithstanding the conditions of ths armistice . TUSCANY . —About ten o ' clock at night on tha 27 th ult . some of the people , accompanied by foreigners and others from the country , paraded the city of Florence , uttering seditious cries , and
exciting the people to revolt . They first attacked the watchmen who patrolled the city , attended , by the civic guard . They then went into several guardhouses , and destroyed the doors and furniture . The delegate Carli was the object of menaces of death . The tumult assumed a most serious character in the Faubourg Deg li Albizzi , and in the street Dei Caljacoli . A fight took place , in which the the cure of St . Felicita was mortally wounded . The rioters were arrested , but all with the exception of one , who was severely wounded , effected their escape . After some time tranquillity was restored , Several arrests were made .
SARDINIA . —King CharlesAlbert opened , in person , the Session of the Sardinian Parliament , onthe 1 st instant . UNITED STATES . The excitement regarding California , so far from seeming to decrease , now that the novelty might be said to be worn off , was daily becoming more intense , as each succeeding statement arrived from the diggings . Three weeks' later advices from the scene of operation mention that gold lumps , folly twa pounds in weight , are daily found . The district is said to extend over 300 tti ; ea .
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The accounts continue to increase in interest . The New YorA Herald introduces a hig hly interesting letter from a correspondent at Monterez , California , with the following mysterious paragraph : 'We have also received a private and confidential lettir which contains intelligence so astounding concerning the gold regions that we forbear ' g iving it to the public at this time lest they should not credit it , and might only laugh at-us for our pains , and accuse U 3 of attempting to hoax and deceive the public '
¦^^^^ MmBHI ^ B ^ H ^ MMMll ^ HBaMMMHHBMHBMMMMIMMIV ^ THE CALIFORNIAN GOLD FINDERS .
The Herald then goes on to declare that there were strong reasons for believing that Governor Mason and all his officers , men , mules , and waggons , were engaged digging on the banks of the Sacramento river . Colonel Step henson had also disbanded his regiment , and gone on the like errand . This officer is said to have collected upwards of one million of dollars worth of gold dust . Captain Marcy , son of the United States' Secretary of War , was engaged in the same pursuit . The cor . respondent ' s letter , which is dated Monterey , November the 16 th , is highly intereUing .
< We can row call ourselves citizens of the United States . We have now only to go by law , as we formerly went by custom , that is , when Congress gives us a government and code . The old foreign residents of California , having done very well ten or twenty years without law , care but very little whether Congress pays early or late attention to the subject . These who have emigrated from the Atlantic States within the last three or four years deem the subject an important one ; I only call it difficult . The carrying out a code of laws , under existing circumstances , is far from being aa easy task . The general government- may appoint governors , secretaries , and other public functionaries ; and
judges , marshals , collectors , &c , may accept offices with salaries of three thousand or four thousand dollars per annum ; but how they are to obtain their petty officers , at half these sums , remains to \> e seen The pay of a member of Congress will be accepted here by those alone who do not know enough to better themsehii . Mechanics can noir get ten to sixteen dollars per day ; labourers on the wharfs or elsewhere , five to ten dollars ; clerks and storekeepers , one thousand to three thousand dollars per annum—some engage to keep store during their pleasure ai eight dollars per day , or one pound or one and a-half pound of gold per month ; cooks and
stewards , sixty to one hundred dollars per month . In fact , labour of every description commands exorbitant prices . My previous information to you I merely forwarded-to your office to open the w » y to the future belief of your many readers . I had not much expectation of being believed . The idea of mountains of quicksilver only wanting the ingenuity of man to make them pour forth as a stream—of rivers , whose bottoms and banks » re of gold , is rather too much to play upon the credulity of New-Yorkers or Yankees . I suppose my story passed as an enlarged edition of the Arabian Nights , improved and adapted to California .
'Whether you or your readers took the tale for fiction or truth I know not . Your last paper that has reached us is of April . This I know , the Sandwich Islands , Oregon , and Lower California are fast parting with their inhabitants , all bound for this coast , and thence to the great' placer' of the Sacramento valley , where the digging and washing of one man that does not produce one hundred troy ounces of gold , twenty-three carats , from the side Of a half sprangle to one pound in one month , set the digger to' prospecting , ' that \ s , looking for better grounds . Your ' Paisano' can point out many a man who has , for fifteen to twenty days in succession , bagged up five to ten ounces of gold a day .
4 Perhaps it is fair that your readers should learn , tbat however plenty the Sacramento valley may afford gold , the obtaining of it has its disadvantages . From the 1 st of July to the 1 st of October , more or less , one half of the people will have fever and ague , or intermittent fever . In the winter , it is too cold to work in the water . Some work in the sand by washing from the surface in a wooden bowl , or tin pan ; some gouge it out from the rocks or slate ; the more lazy ones roll about and pick up the large pieces , leaving the small gold for the next emigration . The extent of the gold region on the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers extends a distance of eight hundred miles in length by one hundred in
width . It embraces not only gold , but quantities of auicksilver in almost general abundance . It is estimated that a small population actively engaged in mining operations in that region could export one hundred million dollars in gold every year , and that an increased population might increase that amount to three hundred million dollars annually . You may believe me when I say that for some time to come California will export , yearly , nearly or quite five hundred thousand ounces of gold , twenty two to twenty four carats fine ; some pieces of that will weigh sixteen pounds , very many one pound . Many men who began last June to dig cold with a capital of fifty dollars can now show five thousand
to fifteen thousand dollars . In this tough , but true , golden tale , you must not imagine that all men are equally successful . There are some who have , done better " ; even four thousand dollars in a montb ; many one thousand dollars during the summer ; and other . * , who refused to join a company of gold washers who had a cheap made machine , and receive one ounce per day , that returned to the settlements with not a vest pocket-full of gold . Some left with only sufficient to purchase a horse and saddle , and pay the physician six ounces of gold for one ounc ? of quinine , calomel and jalap in proportion , ka ounce of gold for advice given , six ounces a visit , brings the fever and ague to be rather an expensive
companion . A' well' man has his proportionate heavy expenses , also , to reduce his piles or bags of gold . Dry beef in the settlements at four cents per pound , at the Placer , one to two dollars per pound ; salt beef and pork , fifty to one hundred dollars per barrel ; flour , thirty to seventy-five dollars per barrel , * coffee , sugar , and rice , fifty cents , to one dollar per pound . As washing is fifty cents to one dollar a garment , many prefer throwing away their used-up clothes to paying the washerwoman ,- that is , if they intend returning ; to the settlements soon , where they can purchase more . At to shaving , 1 have never seen a man at the Placer who had time to perform that operation . They do not work en Sunday , only brush u p t he t ent , blo w ou t the emery or fine black sand from the week ' s work .
Horses that can travel only one day , and from that to a week , are from one hundred to three hundred dollars ; Freight charge by launch « wners for three days run , five dollars per barrel . Waggoners charge fifty to one hundred dollars per load , twenty to fifty miles on good road . Corn , barley , peas , and beans , ten dollars a bushel . Common . pistols , any price ; powder and lead very dear . I know a physician who , in San Francisco , purchased a common made gold washer at twenty or thirty dollars , made of f eventy or eighty feet of boards .: At a great expense he boated it up to the first landing on the Sacramento , and there met a waggoner bound to one ofihe diggings with an empty waggon , distant about fifty miles . The waggoner would not take up the machine under one hundred dollars . The doctor
had to consent , and bided his time . June passed over , rich in gold all on that creek did wonders , when the waggoner fell sick , called on hi ? friend the doctor , whose tent was in sight ; the dactor came , but would not administer the first dose under the old sum of one hundred dollars , which was agreed to under a proviso that the following doses should be furnished more moderate . In San Francisco there is more merchandise sold now monthly than before in a year . Vessels after vessels arrive , land their cargoes , dispose of them and bag up the dust and lay up the vessel , aa the crew are soon among the missing . The cleanest clear out ii where the captain follows the crew .
There are many vessels in San Francisco that can . not weigh anchor , even with the assistance of three or four neighbouring vessels . Supercargoes must land cargo oh arriving , or have no crew to do it for them . Some vessels continue to go to sea with small crews at fifty dollars per month for green hands . Old hands are too wise for them , and prefer digging an ounce or two a-day , and drinking ho c k a n d cham p ai gn at half an ounce a bottle , and eating bad sea bread at one dollar per pound . I have seen a captain of a Teasel , who by his old contract in the port whence he sailed , was getting sixty dollars per month , paying bis cook seventy-five dol <
lars , and offering one hundred dollars per month for a steward ; his former crew , even to his mates , having gone a ' prospecting . ' Uncle Sam ' s ships suffer a little the same way , although they offer from two hundred dollars to five hundred dollar for the apprehension of a deserter . The Ohio , however laid in the port of Monterey about a month , and lost only twenty or thirty men . Colonel Stevenson ' s reghnent is disbanded ; ninety-nine out of one hundred of whom have also gone' prospecting . ' -including the colonel , who arrived in Monterey last month from his last post , and was met by his men at the edge of the town to escort and cheer him into the
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town . The captains , &C have boug ht up country carts and oxen , turned drivers , and gone to the planer . Our worthy Governor , Colonel of the 1 st Dragoons , &c having plenty of carts , waggons , hoN's and mules , with a few regulars left , has also * Commodore Jones , lately arrived in Monterey , su pposing it to be the capital , head-quarters . &c , but found not even ! the . Governor left . Where headquarters is may oe uncertain . The WojilnfyW -Union contains a letter from Lieutenant Larkra ^ dSted Monterey , November 16 , received at the State-Department , containing further confirmation of . the previous despatches , public and private , and ftr outstripping . aU other news in its exciting character , the gold was increasing in size and quality daily , . Lumps-were-found weighing from lib . to 21 b . Several ' had been . heard of weighing as
high as 161 b ., and one 251 b . The gold regions extend over a tract of 300 miles , and it was not known that it did not extend 1000 . A letter from Commodore Jones states , that many of the petty . officers and men had deserted and gone in search of the gold . He adds , the Indians were selling gold at fifty cents the ounce . Many vessels were deserted by captain , cook , and seamen . The ship Isaac Walton offered d scharged soldiers fifty dollars per month to go to Calloaj which was refused . She was supplied by government sailors . AH the naval vessels in the coast were short of hands . Nearly , the
whole of the 3 rd Artillery had ^ deserted . Provisions were scarce and hig h "; board , four dollars a-day ; washing , six dollars a dozen . Merchants' Clerks get from 2 , 000 dollars to 3 , 000 dollars a-year .
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NATIONAL ORGANISATION OF TRADES . TO THE TRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND . Fellow-Men , —In my last letter I pointed out the mannsr in which the first principles of the constitution , adopted by the Lo » don trades' delegates , in establishing the universal right of the people to th « soil may be effected ; but a 3 that cannot possibly be accomplished under existing circumstances , I therefore beg to call your attention to the fifth principle , set forth by the delegates , as being well adapted to give immediate relief to the pressing wants and destitute condition of large masses of the trades . This proposition is to the following effect;— 'That as Great Britain and Ireland contain a superabundance of land , skill , and capitd , to profitably employ and
comparatively support more than double the present population , the government should introduce a bill establishing self-supporting home colonies , to give immediate employment to the numerous , but com . pulsory , unemployed of our' population . ' I therefore beg to . press this upon . the attention of the trades of the provincial towns , and call upon them to co-operate . with the London trades in their endeavours to place it before the legislature . I cannot , at present , state the precise steps about to be taken by the delegates to bring it before Parliament , but I understand a public meeting , will shortly be held , at which that and other business , connected with the movement ,. will be discussed : when , I
have no doubt , a systematic plan of operation will be developed . In the meantime , as it is the desire of the delegates that as much publicity should be given to their proceedings as possible , with a nerr to secure the co-operation of the trades in the provinces , I submit the outline of a plan for their consideration ; and , without assuming that it will be precisely the one adopted ; I know it to be in harmony with the general feeling of my colleagues . In going to Parliament to aik for home colonies , I think we should propose , as the basis of a plan , that ten thousand families be taken , say from ten of our principal towns , or as may hereafter be determined ( because the question must be made universal to secure universal co-operation ) , and placed upon the crown or waste lands , to employ themselves in productive labour , instead of remaining in compulsory
idleness and absolute pauperism . Let us suppose , then , that ten thousand families , of five each , be the starting point ; we have next to consider what quantity of land and capital would be required for the establishment of home colonies , composed of one thousand families each . Supposing we apportion one acre to each member as a minimum , that would be five acrea for ea ^ h family ( and if arrangements could be made for ten acres to each family with a proportionate amount of . capital , so much the better ); we have next to inquire what amount of capita ' would be required to commence and successfully establish their practical and permanent operation in agriculture and manufactures ; for I would have the trades bear in mind , that any scheme of colonisation to be really successful must combine manufacturing with agricultural pursuits .
First , then , with regard to agriculture . All practical men agree that it requires from eight to ten pounds per acre to procure the necessary implements of husbandry , seed , &c , to stock a farm ; and ten thousand families , at the rate of one acre to each individual , would amount to 50 , 000 acres , which being multiplied by £ 10 per acre , gives a lum « f £ 500 , 000 . It would require £ 15 per acre to erect the necessary dwellings within the colonies ( although in the North of England and Scotland it may be done for less , as botk materials and labour are much cheaper ) , which would be an additional sum of £ 750 , 000 ; and we may calculate upon £ 120 , 000 for the purchase of machinery , the
erection of manufactories , and casual expenses . And as it would be at least six months before the colonists could have any real substantial return for their labour or capital bestowed upon' the land , it is dear that they must be provided with the means of subsistence in the meantime ; and if ten shillings per week were allowed to each family for six months , ( and they ought not tohave less ) , that would be . a fur . ther sum of £ 130 , 000 , making in all £ 1 , 500 , 000 ; for which very insignificant sum fifty thousand human beings might be placed in a state of comfort , and complete independence , instead of being left to starve in the highways and streets , or beneath the portals to the mansions of the rich . The land , of course , would be let to the colonists upon the most
advantageous terms they could make . The money could be advanced by the government' issuing Exchequer bills to that amount , which would in no way embarrass the government , or impair the Ex . chequer ; and an agreement could be made to pay back the principal , with the usual per centage , by instalments , within a reasonable period . But the question may be asked . Is the government likely to grant our request ? I answer at once , they are not likely to grant anything unless th « y see the trades are in earnest in their demand ; but we have reason to know that there are several influential Members of Parliament , differing in political opinions , who would support us in home colonies , but who look , foolishly enough , no dou bt , with suspicion on other
movements . Whether the government grant our request or not , it is our duty to continually press that subject upon the attention of Parliament . I would also have the trades and the people gene * rally , tokeep this all important fact in view — that it is to tbis question of the application of land , labour , and capital , that we must come at last , if we are to effect any real practical benefit for ourselves . The empire abounds with these available elements for human happiness , and general improvement . There are at least 10 , 000 , 000 of acres out of the 22 , 579 , 300 acres of uncultivated land in Britain ; and Sir J . Sinclair , the celebrated statist and improver
of agriculture , was of opinion that not more than 1 , 000 , 000 acres of uncultivated land are unsusceptible of cultivation ; so that there is plenty of land without , in any way , interfering with that already fully stocked and occupied . Moreover , the quantity of Crown lands , according to the estimate of the most accredited authorities , if sold in the market , are worth £ 20 , 000 , 000—and all in the hands of royal dukes and court favourites . With regard to the unemployed labour , it has been estimated that , if it were fully employed , £ 1 , 000 , 000 Worth of additional wealth per day mi g ht be added
to the quantity already produced . As to money , be it well understood , that all governments have the power to create , not gold , but any amount of the symbol , or representative ti wealth , in paper , or any other eheap instrument of currency for public accommodation , that may be determined on . The government manufactured , for their own u » e , last year , nearly £ 3 , 000 , 080 worth of Exchequer Bills . Let the unemployed masses demand that a millionand-a-half be issued to create useful employment for them this year . All classes of capitalists can obtain credit to cany on their business , and why should the people not share in the public credit also ?
But they will not share in anything really beneficial to them , unless they unite and demand it with firmness , discretion , and resolution . TMb would be the commencing point , if the peop le had a government of their own chooBing , to-morrow ; and it would not even be commenced then unlcs the peop le well understood the measures , and had the will to work out their emancipation , Let no man suppoitthat , because we address eurselveaat present paiticula-ly to , the trades , that therefore the movement will be
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of a circumscribed or limited character . On the contrary , if it succeed—and we have strong hopes of it 3 success-it will then be found to be of a more comprehensive and powerful character than it may , perhaps , at present appear . To do that effectually , ire must first put the how-existing and powerful machinery of the organised bodies of Trades' Unions in motion . They are responding to the call of the delegates in London , in a manner that inspires hopes / or the complete success of , the movement . Last week we added one thousand to our ranks—viz ., one society of tailors , | and another of bootmakers ; and three others of the most numerous societies in the metropolis have each summoned a general
meeting upon the subject , and we are informed others are . about to take similar steps . But the Trades in the provinces must also do their duty . The delegates will , no doubt , address them shortly , and explain what may appear to them best calculated to secure their co-operation . In the meantime , the Trades in any town , who are desiroui at once of giving their aid to the Trades of London , can communicate their desire to the secretary , at the Craven Head , Drury . lane , who will ghre them all information required . And bear in mind , it is to you , men of the Trades , that the accomplishment of this great work chiefly belongs . Alfred A . Walton .
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_ ^ DESPOTISM IN IRELAND . The following is a copy of the communication from the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland to the Secretary for the Home Department , which the Marquis of Lansdowne , in the House of Peers , and Lord John Russell , in the House of Commons , presented to parliament on Friday night , and which Mr . J . O'Connell was prevented from alluding to on Monday , in the House of Commons ;—1 Dublin Castle , Jan . 26 . ' Sir , —A 8 the period is now approaching ; when ' the act of the 11 th and 12 th Victoria , cap . 35 , by which the Habeas Corpus Act was suspended in
this country , will expire , I feel it ray duty to bring under the consideration , of her Majesty's government ihereisdns which . induce m 6 to MCoJamend the continuance of that law for a further limited period . It was with deep regret that , on a . former occasion , ' I felt myself compelled to ask for the enactment of this measure , but circumstances have since fully confirmed my opinion of its . urgent necessity , and I can have ho doubt that the course then adopted by her Majesty ' s government , and the moral effect produced by the' almost' unanimous support ' Which the bill received in parliament , mainly con * iributed to the suppression of the rebellious movement whieh unhappily , broke out in this country .
'While availing myself of the extraordinary power confided ^ to me by ¦ the . act , it has been-my earnest endeavour to limit its operation as far as possible , and to confine the [ deprivation of personal liberty to the cases of those individuals who were actually engaged in treasonable designs , or who . byencourag ihg the . disaffected , endangered the peace and tranquillity of the country . No instance occurred of any arrest taking place except on sworn
informstions ; no person was retained m custody longer than the public safety appeared to require ; and' although the number of individuals whom it was my painful duty to place in temporary confinement was considerable , having amounted in all , at different times , to about 120 , yet , considering the extent to which treasonable organisation had been earned , not only in the metropolis , but in several counties of Ireland , the number can hardly be said to exceed what mi ght have been anticipated .
* The secrecy afforded by the enforcement of the law , and the conviction tbat its provisions would only be applied against those whose conduct had rendered their detention absolutely necessary , has been felt by the community at large ; and the restoration of order in place of that which for a time was a reign of terror , has been hailed with universal satisfaction . But , on the part of those engaged in the late treasonable movement , no indication whatever of sorrow or re . pentance for their misdeeds had been observed . Their regret is confined to their failure , and their hopes are directed to a more successful isseue on tba first favourable opportunity ; nor is there any reason to believe ( and upon this point I have collected
information from various persons on whose judgment and local knowledge I could rely ) that the recent orderly conduct of the people in the districts wbere disturbances prevailed or were threatened , proceeds from any improved feeling as regards either the law or the Executive Government . The total absence of aupportofthe authorities in their endeavours to suppress insurrection , the renewed attempt at rebellion in the vicinity of the town wbere the leaders of the movement were being brought to justice , and the disre g ard of proclamations requiring the surrender of arniB , are facts which indicate that , however t h e failure of past attempts at insurrection may have weakened the confidence of the disaffected , the
feeling which gave nse to and'encouraged that move * ment still remains unchanged , and would again become active upon any occasion that appeared to offer even a distant prospect of success . 'It is true tbat any future attempt at rebellion will be much djscouraged by the failure ' of those which have passed , and the originators of any new agitation will have none of i \ xt prestige of success to aid , and much of the sense of the past discomfiture
to damp their exertions j but still this country has been too long trained to a system of agitation to be at once weaned from such a course , and nothing but a continued enjoyment of that peace which tha absence of all political excitement has now created , the improved habits it will generate , and the social advantages it will not fail to produce , can save Ireland from wasting her energies in the strife of rival factions , instead of exerting them by industry for the improvement of the country .
* It 18 to secure for Ireland this continued repose which is so vitally essential to her prosperity , to protect the country from the renewal of aa agitation for objects that cannot be , attained , and which for many years has disturbed , its tranquillity , scaring away capital , destroying confidence , and rendering impossible the steady application of industry , that I desire strongly to impress on her Majesty ' s Govern , ment the importance of applying to Parliament for a renewal of those powers which the llth and 12 th Victoria , c . 35 , placed at the disposal of the
Executive Government in Ireland . I am well aware of the grave responsibility I incur by this recommendation , and it is with . extreme repugnance that I venture to ask for the renewal of an act , which infringes th « constitutional rights of any portion of her Majesty ' s subjects ; but I think I should fail in my duty if , from any personal feelings of my own , I hesitated to state the facts which I know to be correct , or to recommend the course which I conscientiously believe to be necessary and if her Majesty ' s Government should see fit to propose , and Parliament to sanction , the renewal of this act . I trust the manner
in which it has hitherto been carried into effect will be an earnest that its future administration will be marked by leniency and justice . 4 , Sir , with great truth and regard , ' Your obedient servant , 'Clarendon . . 'The Right Hon . Sir George Grey , Bart ., &c . '
Jmj Jvmgtt Intelligent.
JmJ JVmgtt intelligent .
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' ' s X ^ ' " ¦ _ ... .-. ' . THE NORTHERN STAR . . F ebrparyJ ^^ — » ¦" - ' } -loyy traffic and general utilityas it be had
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 10, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1509/page/2/
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