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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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. -LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . V XLra . * 'Words ue things , and a small drop of ink Faffing—Jike dew—upon a thought , products That Tthlch makes thousands , perhaps milllone , think . " - Buwjt .
THE " WAR OF PRINCIPLES . " -Brother Proleiabiaxs , There is a political tradition that C&SN 1 NG to a TPar-of Principles . Gassesg himseU scoffed at principles—at least every , principle of Justice . A flashy impostor , a brazen-faced , heartless adventurer , he affectedtopasshimself off as a " . Liberal , " whilst , in reality , he -was the most implacable foe of freedom , and the worat , l > ecause the cleverest , of the gang of
TiUains -who cursed England "with their rale in those dark days of slavery and degradation -which intervened between the fall of Napoleon and the ousting of Chaei . es the Tenth . Bnt though a heartless and scoffing enemy of just principles , Cashing was no fooL He had the wit to see that though the system -which had been inaugurated at Vienna in 1815 might last for a generation or two , its doom was certain and not far distant Hence the prediction with which he is credited . That prediction is in coarse of fulfilment . THE WAR OF PRINCIPLES HAS COM .
MENCED ! As yet the straggle is confined to one or two localities ; hut it needs no ghost come from the grave to warn us that a conflagration throughout Europe is at hand . I feel assured that amongst those whom I address there is not one whose heart is not palpitating with exultation'and anxiety , in consequence of the glorious , yet ominous , news from Hungary . The extraordinary victories achieved Sy Bem , Geobgey , Dehbinski , and the other Hungarian commanders / have teen followed up by an act -which must influence for good or evil the destinies of entire Europe . In solemn conclave the magnates and representatives of the people have
declared HUNGARY FREE AND INDEPENDENT . Kossuth rife roasbf 1848-49--3 , 1 this moment the greatest man In Europe—KossUTH proposed the utter extinction of Austrian rule in Hungary , now and evermore ; and with one voice , one heart , one soul , his compatriots applauded , seconded , and declared the adoption of Ms proposition . Most important of the events of this wonder-working time Henceforth the struggle in Eastern Europe is not between so-called " rebels' * and their rolers , but between a naiion , x ieopxe , and flie tyrants of surrounding States combined to tread out the life of that nation , and lay the spirit of that people in a red sea of blood and destruction . . -
Even before the Hungarians had declared their independence , the hellish compact had been signed and sealed by which the gore-dyed miscreant of Russia bound himself to succour Ms "brother" of Austria with 150 , 000 of his savage hordes to put down the Hungarians . These crowned brigands are ever the same ; the present Austrian Kaisee is but a copy of tie last The cretin , who lately resigned the Imperial Crown , closed his " paternal" career by bombarding "his capital" and devoting bis "beloved "Viennese" to rapine , rape , and massacre , at the hands of his loyal Croatian
savages . Some fools and knaTes , trumpeting the youth of the new Emperor , proclaimed the immediate re-establishment of peaceful , halcyon days . But , as BrEOX has written : — " Each brute has its nature , a king ' s is to reign—' To ragn ' in that word see , ye ages , comprised Tiie cause of the curses all annals contain , From Csesar tho dreaded to George the despised !" And , true to his brute ^ nature , the youthful Kaisee began hi 3 reign by devoting the principal portion of "his empire" to the horrors of fire and sword , and atrocit ies which devils
would shrink from , but which princes and statesmen ' coolly design , and their brutal tools too faithfully execute . Worse still , he has -caned in foreign hordes to assist him to reduce his people to slavery . He has declared an impious war against humanity itself , by plotting for Hungary the frightful doom of Poland . "Well , well ; the Imperial savage has iriadehiselection . Heiasabandonedihe sceptre for the sword . He has preferred to reign by terror , than to rule by justice . He has proclaimed himself the vassal of the Autocrat , the -deputy and slave of the JforlhernEsectttioner . Slay he find his reward I
Brother PJtOLEXABiA > -s , reflect for a moment on the consequences that may , that are almost certain to result from the Russian invasion of Hungary , and the declaration of Hungarian Independence . Rather than allow that independence to be consummated , the Autocrat will , if possible , send twice one hundred and fifty thousand troops into Hungary . "If possible" (!)—for such a number of troops withdrawn from the defence of the
Russian territory , would certainly induce another rising in Poland , and , very likely , revolution in Russia itself ! But both Polish and Russian ¦ revolutions are extremely probable , even should only 150 , 000 Russians enter Hungary . Assailed by Russia the Hungarians will , in all probability , carry the war into the enemy ' s country . The Hungarian standard on the Polish side of the Carpathian mountains , "Hill re-animate the White Eagle , and then woe to the Russian Bear »
Other oppressed nationalities wfll assert their independence ; and not improbably tho Turks and Swedes will join in the conflict , to take vengeance for past and present wrongs . This day's papers—which I have only seen Since the above paragraphs were writtenstrengthen my anticipations of the effects likely t » flow from the Russian invasion of Hungary . Bem—the Polish hero , Bem—has addressed a proclamation to Hs countrymen , ealling on ikem to rise for Poland , and rally around their own country ' s standard . . His appeal is likely to be answered with enthusiasm . I look for eren more than this . Unless the Magyars , as
plitieians , are content to lose by inaction all that they have gained by their energy as warriors , they wnl summon other peoples as well as the Poles to rise for the deliverance of Europe . Now is the crisis of Hungary ' s fate . If her sons make ahalf revolution , themselves and their country will perish . If , on the other iand , they proclaim a war of democracy ^ gainst lings and despotisms , Obey cannot &u to victoriously achieve their own freedom , and £ he freedom of both Eastern and Central Eur ope . Let them fling the Red Flag to the freeze , and Hungary , Poland , and Germany will be saved , and the enemies of Freedom annihilated . '
-Already the Germans demand to be led ag ainst Russia . But it is notmerely against the Muscovite Autocrat the Germans desire to proclaim war . The war of ihe Germans ^ gainst their own Kings and Princes is at land . That combination of fool * and tyrant , tteKing of Prussia , is doinghis bestto hasten * he establishment of the Red Republic . He fcas no objection to be Emperor , but he will " * ear an absolute crown . He proclaimed bim ^ a Constitutional King .
" with no objection to true liberty , „ Except that it would make the nations free . An <^ i therefore , he volunteers bis royal aid to all distressed princes . He will stem the waves w Revolution . He ! As well might Dam wrtington attempt to dry up the Atlantic with * jf mop . Frederick Wiliuii will protect ** s brother princes from the convulsions of the ^ es . Poor fool ! His own throne is not secure for a week , a day , an hour . I tell you , O « Germany is undermined . The insurrection at Dresden is but the rumbling ofthecomino polnScal earth quake . That uprending , over turning , and scattering of thrones , crowns , and ficepires will come ; audmihataourthocheaU
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liars , robbers , and assassins , who have so long deluded and tormented the German people , will be buried beneath theruins of- the system , by which they have lived and reigned , but through which they will fall and perish , utterly andforever . . . And mark you this : it -will be the turn of ihe Proletarians next time . No more hourfcois-rule ; no morePrankfort-Diet delusions ; no more hollow-hearted , empty-headed praters with whom " payment of members" is the one grand " point" of reform . The men of deeds not words will come ; the men of the future who will orate not with the jaw , but with tiie strong light arm ; men who will ( in their own way ) carry out the great Athenian's recipe for eloquence : ^ - " Action , Acitox , Action 1 "
The invasion of Italy by the French has thus far been productive of defeat and disgrace to the invaders . After two attempts ito enter Home , in which the French lost about two hundred men killed , and fromfour to five hundred wounded , General Oumnot was fain to beat a retreat ; nor did he cease his ' * advance backwards" until he had put a good few miles between himself and the brave Romans . Strengthened by reinforcements and by the arrival of his siege-train , the French General may probably ere now have , made another attempt to take the city , and may too have
succeeded . It appears from this day's papers that the Neapolitans have entered the Roman States , and that the Austrians were marching on Bologna .. With this Holy Alliance of cut throats against them the ,-Romans are nearly certain to be overpowered .. Aided by this trinity-in-unity of assassins , the Popjs can hardly fail to recover his temporal supremacy ; But for . how long ? As -long , perhaps , as foreign armies occupy Rome , but certainly no longer . Pius wa 3 the venerated idol of the Romans ; he is now and for evermore the most execrated of the hypocrites and murderers who have filled St . Peter ' s chair . The most
execrated , because , pre-eminently the traitor of the line . Old Gbegort was simply a gloomy old tyrant , and willing tool of tyrants ; but he was not guilty of the hypocrisy aad treason which have blasted the reputation , and made eternally infamous the name of Pius the JfofTH . ' . When the Italians demanded his countenance of an Italian war of liberation , to drive out the Austrians , the holy hypocrite affected a pious horror of bloodshed , 'and re- ' fused to give the signal for Freedom ' s struggle . Having lost Ms popularity , and fled from
Some in the disguise of anunkey , this precious , peace-loving Pope forthwith set about conspuing a civil war amongst the people he had fled from . By threats of excommunication , and blasphemous anathemas , he tried to operate on the religious prejudicesof thepeasantry , and induce them to march against the capital . He failed , and now - he gives his blessing to three armies' of foreign invaders , -who " aim" at re-erecting his throne on the smoking ruins of Rome , and the lifeless bodies of the devoted Roman people I _ ¦ - . ¦ .., . ..
A thousand maledictions , on the traitors -who have brought eternal dishonour on France , by directing French soldiers to . the fratricidal work of destroying the French Republic . Honour to those Frenchmen , who , in Rome , have . svrorato defend that city even against their . own countrymen ! Honour to those French soldiers , who , deserting the standard of Hypocrisy to fight by the side of the
Romans , instead of against them , have thereby shown their fidelity to theprinciples of their own revolution ! But perdition to- all who follow Oudinot , for " their mission is the work of hell . " And , above all , perdition—a thousand fold—to the rulers of France—the traitors and hypocrites who have betrayed the Republican cause ; and rendered the very name of their country a by-word and a mockery .
If the people of France are not utterly changed in then * nature ; if they are not the mere miserable counterfeits of their fathers ; if they are not dead to shame , and utterly insensible to the appeals of honour , they will at once bring the traitors to justice , and hasten though late , to repair the evil , and atone for the ^ crimes done in their ( the French people ' s ) name . This they may do peaceably if they will . A signal opportunity is afforded them at this very time to prove their virtue , and the efficacy of Universal Suffrage . On Sunday next , the 13 th inst ., the general election of representatives to the new Assembly will commence . If the French people • ¦ " know
then- rights , and knowing , dare maintain them ; " if they love liberty , and would " do unto others as they would be done unto , "they will elect an Assembly pledged to impeach Buonaparte , Barrot , Faucher , and the rest of the traitors ; and pledged also to annul , abrogate , and set aside all the acts and policy—domestic and foreign—> of Mr . Special-Constable Buonaparte , and his worthy comrogues . It is as plain as a pike-staff that Buoxaeaete is sold to the league of tyrants . His mission is ^ 0 betray the Republic , and accomplish the counter-revolution . Would thatmy voice couldreach the French people , orthewords I pen be laid befere them , thus -would I appeal to our brethren : —
Frenchmen , Friends , and Brothers . The glorious Revolution of February , 1848 , armed you with a power which your Republican Constitution solemnly confirms and guarantees—the power of self-government , through the exercise of the Suffrage by ballot , direct and Universal . On the wise exercise of that power depends , not merely your own welfare , but also , in a great measure , that of other nations . If , through the peaceful medium of the ballot-box , you succeed in establishing a state
of veritable freedom and social justice , you will more than benefit yourselves , you will resolve the question of European progression . Once that you present the spectacle of a really free and happy people , the flag of your Republic will " make the tour of the world . " If success crowns your Republican experiment , your Republican institutions will inevitably take root in all the States of Europe , and . the fraternity of nations will be accomplished .
But , if that experiment fails—if by your unwise exercise of your citizen rights , you allow royalist conspirators to rule and legislate in the name of the Eepnblic for the Republic ' s destruction , you . will more than rum yourselves . The Republic overthrown , or , worse still , brought into odium and contempfc positive absolutism will be re-established throughout Europe . Universal Suffrage self-vanquished in France , will be the" deadliest blow ever inflicted upon
Liberty . , ., , . Yon are now called upon to decide between the enemies and defenders of your new-born liberties—between those who would restore the hatefol . past , and those who desire , a happier future . Duty to y ourselves-your children—your brethren of other landsdemands that you reject the former and elect the latter . It is the hope of every honest man in Europe that you will reject the enemies of the Republic , whether they "belong to the Legitimist , the Bourgeois-Royalist , or the Imperial faction . Set aside the men who , by their crimes , and oppression 3 _ under th " e Monarchy , imposed upon you the necessity of a Revolution . Set aside the men who ,
under the Republic , have unceasingly p lotted a counter-revolution ; the men who have brutally violated the freedom of speech , and of the press ; persecuted the founders of the Re public , an <* established a system of veritable terrorism . Set aside the men who have done their best to bring eternalinfamy upon France by abandoning the afflicted peoples to the rage of their Royalist executioners : and who ? worse still , have committed the fratricidalgwlt ofmarali<ogifce . forces of
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Republican France against the Republic of regenerated Rome . ; . The men worthy to he your representatives , are those who will pledge themselves to work out the principles of the Revolution , by beating down inequality , and establishing the reign of Social Justice ; the men who will bring to the work of legislation the virtuous determination that neither oppressor nor pauper shall exist on the soil of France ; the men who will ] redeem the hoHour of your name by allying your country with the peoples—not the tyrants " - of Europe ; in short , the men who will swear to carry out the programme of the Demo- ; cratic and . - Social Republic , and devote their lives f » the holy work of your and Europe's salvation . VivelaRepyiblique , Democratique et Sociah " l L'AMI DU . PEUPLE . May 10 th , 1849 .
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TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P . , Dear Sir , —Thero have been a great many letters received in this locality from that nondescript Thomason , some of them by persons entirely unconnected with—nay , I had almost said hostile to , —the Chartist party . These letters were uniformly filled with the most violent attacks , malicious insinuations , and inuendos against your own' character , the Star ; andmany of the other leaders of the Charter and Land movements , together with the most infamous lying attacks , and malevolent insinuations against the character of some of the' individuals in' particular , and of the parties in general with whom he used to act when residing in this locality . It was thought that tho miserable wretch who could pen
such extraordinary calumnies and send many of them to the very persons who know that—in as far as regards everything connected with this locality—they were a parcel of downright lies , must have been insane . And as we believed that the charges against yourself and the other leaders -were equally false , it was agreed to treat him with' that degree of silent respect' that a person in his unfortunate condition is entitled to receive . Latterly , however , the opinion that he is more knave than fool has been generally adopted in this place ; consequently , I took the liberty of enclosing one of his letters in the last communication which I sent to you withregard to the charges that he made in the letter which appeared in the Star of th& 14 th April—the parties referred to will speak for themselves . : '
I am , dear Sir , yours most respectfully , ; , * - - James M'lh'iriiB . '¦¦ - tO , F . O ' CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P ., PBOPBIETOH &C , OF THH " NORTHERN STAR . " ' Respected Sir , —We , the undersigned , having been members' of'the school society ; and of the church that engaged Thomason , to act in the' capacity of teacher and preacher , in this locality , have had our attention directed to the following paragraph of that person ' s letter which appeared in the Star of the 14 th April : viz . " I was literally robbed by a portion of the Chartist party , ofmy books , chestj and clothes , when in the- West of Scotland , and a sum of money due me , £ 17 3 s 2 d . " Being the parties referred to , we bee leave to civc the following
brief account of our connexion with him : He came to this place early in the year 1841 , when he was engaged to teach and preach in the'Democratic seminary . A salary of 25 s . por week was guaranteed to him , provided , however , that he attended . regularly five days per week , and discharged his duties faithfully . He commenced his school with from 150 to 160 pupils , but , in consequence of Ms' gross negligence , the number of his scholars soon dwindled down to about twenty . In fact / his conduct was a complete burlesque upon , teaching . At one time he would be absent day after day , perhaps nearly a week at a time , nobody knowing where he was ; at other times , ¦ he was' to' be seen loitering about the streets during school hours . The chit dren , meanwhile , in consequence of being left entirely to themselves " enjoyed such glorious -fun , "
that the whole neighbourhood was deaved with the noise : while , at the very best ,- he would leave hia school in the hands of any inexperienced working man or lad that he could happen to find idle at the time . Yet , nevertheless , being unwilling to do anything that would have the slightest appearance of harshness , and as we took him to be an easy goodtured kind of a mortal , we occasionally remonstrated with him and gave him good advice , and continued for a number of months more to p . iy him his salary in full . Ultimately , however , we told him plainly , that as he had entirely failed to discharge his duty to us . that we were unable and unwillincr to
continue paying him his salary any longer , and that he was to consider his connexion with us at an end . Ho then entreated us to try and give him a few shillings a week , and as he was a single man he thought fie could live till trade got better . This was about the beginning of 1842 , and trade was fearfullybad , yet we made a determined effort and gave him on an average about 7 s . or 8 s . a week , for doing next to nothing , as long as he remained here , and we may state that very few of the families who contributed to make up this sum were in tho receipt of so large an income . Thus , you will perceive , that so far from owing him anything , we , in point of fact ; gave lim much more than ho was- entitled to receive .
Having been compelled to say so much in self-defence , we will now . show you how he fleeced two or three of his own flock ; we could extend the number considerably , but we give these as mere samples of that worthy ' s love of honesty and plain dealing . When he cune here first he was like a beggar , and as it was absolutely necessary that he should have a respectable appearance , Robert Freebairn , being brother-in-law to Mr . Thomas M'Kechnie , tailor , and clothier , Glasgow , became surety for two ' entire suits of clothes of the very best quality , which Thomason received from that gentleman ; the . one suit was for the pulpiti and the other to make him appear respectable as a teacher : they cost about £ 9 , sterling and all that we could induce him
( Thomason ) topay for them ( if we except a great deal of gratuitous insolent abuse ) was 30 s ; which leaves a balance of £ 7 10 s sterling . He received from James : Buchannan , a hard-working shoemaker , a- pair of boots , and several mendings amounting in all to about £ 1 , and made his exit without paying a single farthing of them . He boarded with Mrs . Aitken , a poor old widow woman , who now resides in Eilbarclian , and the heartless wretch decamped owing her nearly £ 8 sterling . These three sums alone amount to about £ 16 sterling . As it regards his chest , he owes George Ferguson , ( now in America ) the price of it ; it is now m Mrs . Aitken ' s possession and she would be very glad to see Mr . Thomason comine to take it away . As to
his boots and clothes , he knows best about them himself ; he carried off everything of the kind that he could lay his bands on in a huge black bag . There was more than one bookseller in this place who gained a loss by having him fora customer ;; and ho was not content with cajoling the booksellers , foiCyou must know that he could and did borrow , and in too many cases never returned the publications to their proper owners . But there is no use in lengthening out this black catalogue , we have said sufficient to vindicate . our own characters , and to caution the Chartist body against being deceived by the " Wandering Window-breaker . " Wehope that you will , in accordance with the notice in last Saturday's Northern Star , insert this communication in the nest number of that valuable journal , and you will much oblige . Honoured Sir ,
Tours , withevcry sentiment of respect , Jambs BvenASNAN , Rodeiu Frbebair ^ , Daniel Jardine . Vale of Lcven , Alexandria , May 7 th . Dear Sir , — I may state that Thomason , over and above receiving a handsome salary for attending 'the Convention , in 1842 , received 12 s . from this locality , for defraying Conventional expenses , pjid kept it for his own use : I am , yours , most faithfully , James M'Istyre . P . S . Please insert this fact also in the next Star , and you -ffill oblige . J . M'I .
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VIOLATION OF THE TEN HOURS BILL . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Dear Sib , — Will you oblige the Short Time Committee ofBurnley , by inserting the following letter i 7 SrSwl P esf of this town , have for some time back been working their loom shed twcl yo ho " rs per day , contraryfo . the w ^ s of the ^ work people , who a short time since pmentai themmth theMlowing petition , which was ( with one excepdlssaSied with the present system of working m ^ an tSours pe ? day , « J « "gjSJC that von will digcontinuGit . And wo mnever be Jinoww
trratPfuL" This petition Messrs . » w «™ ffcontempt > and-informed their hands , that Jw ^ r fffla who were dissatisfied might seek SKd 2 £ T » . : « " * ***** * roceed wlth ^ aSnt ^ S ' they have attempted to ^ gct a j ™ Mp set of h ands ,-so that they might work their double set . oi imu , g succeed , shed -d ay and nigh t ^ JJ ^ J ^ adult 8 10 work IS * hnuS £ dayf On Friday last , the men held Meen hours per jay ^ consideration , a meeting to taKoiuc their masters that when it . ww ^ STwArkfog mor e than ten hours per they would cea s ^ 7 Mofday > th ( J 3 Ofch of April . d ay' £ JT on Monday , at the expiration of Accordingly , ® n en ^ opped their looms , put on their ten hours , the me" stopp ^ ^^ ^^ coats , and left the sneu ^ they went to then-work J ^ eM sent theover . S 5 S 5 »« Wii * h rt > wfct-
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hours , and who were for more . . Those thr . t were only for ten hours ; were to go down to the warehouse for their , wages , and then to walk about their business . The men , with few exception ^ went down , Were paid o »; and discharged . The reason tor which wo desire you to publish this is , to show to the world , that the men have not turned out , but that they have been discharged because they would not work fifteen hours per day . Hoping you will be kind enough to insert this , we remain , yours respectfully ,.,,. The Suori Time Committee of Burnley .
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TRADES MEETING OP LONDON . The Trades of London held a meeting at the National Hall , High Holborn , on Monday evening , and , as the beat means of ensuring security and employment for all , recommended Universal Suffrage , Home Colonies , and Local Boards of Trade . At eight o clock , Mr . lLamoBBR ( carver aud gilder ) , was called to the chair . ¦ ¦ ¦ Mr . A . Waiton rose to move the first resolution , getting forth "Homo Colonies , " as the best guarantee lor the employment of the superabundant labour m the market ^ and was loudly cheered . He said , with the resolution he had . to propose was blended a petition to the House of Commons . The
groat want of the working classes was reproductive employment , which was . the only thing that could prevent the misery and destitution prevailing to such an alarming extent , and raise the wealth producers in the scale of society . - Their petition embraced the three primary elements of wealth—land , labour , and capital . ( Hear , hear . ) Thero was plenty of land either entirely or partially uncultivated—for instance , all the waste and common land , and a great portion of the crown land , which could be appropriated , to the purpose , and which only wanted touching with the hand of the skilled labourer to make it bring forth abundantly . ( Loud cheers . ) It was a fact , that more than one-half of the building trades had been unemployed during the
past winter , months ; yet werelthe whole of them employed in constructing houses > as at present , it would be most futile , as the number of unoccupied houses warranted him in saying . Labour to be benefieial must bo reproductive ; and , as it was with the buildingtrades , so with engineers , smiths , shoemakers , tailors , &o ., &c . They might build houses , erect locomotives , make shoes or clothes , yet have neither house to live in , locomotive to travel with , shoes to their feet , nor clothes to their backs . ( Loud cheers . ) He repeated , their condition could only be improved by reproductive labour . Then let agriculture and manufactures be : scientificall y combined , and nature and art would yield their products in abundance , to the : comfort and happiness
of all . The means he suggested were , that government should get a general bill passed , enclosing the waste lands , &c—and there were twenty-two million acres of them . Yes , let these be taken , and some treasury notes issued by way-of loan . . These notes would be employed in setting the unemployed to work , and surely iin . this matter wo should receive the support . of the paper currency men , as it must materially add to the currencyof the country , seeing that the notes must be expended in the purchase of seeds , implements of husbandry , dec , &c . ( Cheers . ) For his own part , he would not hesitate to form a private company' to carry out the object in view , with a capital of one million , only . he knew that such was the general depression amongst the
working classes , that he believed they would find the greatest difficulty in appropriating even one shilling per week to such an object . He did not anticipate that any good would be . done until-tho working classes tooK up this question : with a thorough earnestness , and pressed the question on the attention of the legislature , always bearing in mind that it was not only necessary to produce wealth , but that , when wealth was produced , it should be much more equitably distributed than at present . ( Loud cheers . ) To effect this . they must cause the land to btt unlocked , and unless the masses speedily bestirred themselves , England would soon be reduced to the position of unfortunate Ireland . ( Applause . ) He had much pleasure in moving the resolution ana ¦
petition . . ; . . . . Mr . A . Campbell ( joiner ) , in seconding the motion , said the present meeting reminded him of a similar petition to that now proposed , presented to the House of Commons , some twelve months , since , by Lord , Ashley , and the declaration of Lord John Russell , that its propositions were ' wild and vision ? ary . " It might be so .. Let us ask , are the producers well fed , well clothed , and well housed ? If so , no change is necessary ; but no—they were ill fed , worse clad , and badly housed , ( Loud shouta of " Hear , hear . " ) Well , then , a change must come , and the only question was , shall such change be peaceable or violent ? for change was inevitable . ( Loud cheers . ) He contended tnat the loss to the country by unemployed skill , capital , and labour
was-equal to , , one million per day . ( Hear , hear . ) Wo had heard . much of friend Cobden's " cheap bread and plenty to do . " Well ,. " cheap bread" had come ; but where was the " plenty to do ? " He ( Mr . Campbell ) contended that if articles became cheap the price of labour must go down with them ; hence ! the necessity of reconstructing , and reorganising society on a proper basis . Again , we have the Financial Keformers ; and he was as much for a well regulated system of economy as any man . But just suppose the army and navy to be reduced —what was the consequence ? Why that the disbanded men were thrown on the already overstocked labour market , rendering competition still fiercer than ever , the consequence being that wages
must fall still lower . It reminded him forcibly of the Irishman who came over to England , and having asked the price of an article was told that it was sixpence . " Oh , by Jasus , " said Pat , I could get that for twopence in my country . " " Well , " responded , thG vendor , " then why did you come here ? " "Ah , " said Pat , " sure I could not be after getting the twopence ., ( Laughter and applause . ) Hence , the thing necessary was clearly reproductive labour . No man would regret to see a violent change more than he ( Mr . Campbell ) , but there was d point at which endurance became impossible . Such a state of things they were most anxious . to , prevent , and hence they came forward with a remedy well calculated to work out a peaceful and effuctive reform , and in pushing forward
those measures they only looked forward to protection for , thcmselyes . ' Legal and medical men were protected by their , charters ; but when the operatives asked for protection , and united to obtain it , they were denounced ' as conspirators and punished accordingly . Ho hoped he had aaid enough to show them that the men of the trades now moving were moral , social , and political reformers . ( Cheers . ) Lord Brougham , in presenting a petiion on their account , the other day , asking for local boards of . trade , had &a \ d-r " Uo loved the working classes ,, but could not respect their erroneous opinions : the petition he was then presenting contained principles advocated in France by Louis Blanc . " ( The mention of Louis Blanc ' s name was
received with loud and reiterated shouts of applause . ) He had much , pleasure in seconding the motion , and hoped that the government would listen to their prayer , and not , by their inattention to the wants and wishes of the toilers , 'drive them to frenzy and despair . ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution and petition were adopted . Mr . Isaac Wilson ( bootmaker ) , rose to move a resolution and petition in favour of local boards of trade , and said , he knew of no measure better calculated to serve ' the purpose of the working classes than local boards of trade , at which an equal portion of the employers and employed would meet , together to regulate the price of . wages , and then many of the low-priced masters' would be ashamed for the world to know the ' p ' Hco . they at present gave as a
remuneration for labour , ( near , ; x : Mr . Biutsck ( cigar maker ) , in seconding the motion , said , certain portions of the Press were telling the country that trade was improving , but be would like t he Press and the government to inquire if they , the operatives , obtained sufficient wages to lire on ; they would find , that if bread was twopence cheaper , wages were threepence less in proportion . For his part , ho wished Tree Trade to begin in the right place . Let him-go where he liked for his parson , his church , and his judge ; and ; above all , et him have a free suffrage ; th < U he might protect himself . ( Great - cheering . ) They , had what was called a Board-of Trade , but , what the operatives wanted was , that labour should be represented at those boards . ( Hear , hear . ) ' ,
Mr . James Osborne ( currier ) , said , if they called them guilds of trade instead of boards they were no new thing , but had existed in ages past , but the workpeople had been swindled out of them ! He considered the questions propounded to be questions of life and death to" the working classes . ' He thoroughly agreed vrith them on the question of Home Colonies on the land , and thought they would be best obtained through the means of local boards of trade , and he impressed on the working men to earnestly call on tho government to set them at work . ( Cheers . ) : "¦ ' - 1 '
The resolution and petition were unanimously adopted . ~ - - ' - : 1 ' ' M r ! Felix GooBraLLow ( tailor ) , came forward and read the following resolution amidst loud cheering : — " That in the opinion of this meeting the rig ht of the suffrage to every man of twenty-one years of age , of sound mind , and uncontaminated by crime , ought to be asserted , and that a petition embody ing . this principle be presented to Parliament on behalf of the Trades or London . " He said he knew not how the evils that prevailed were to be remedied but by giving expression to our feelings regarding them . He woula much like to know how it happened , if our system worked well , that one in every , seven was a pauper . ( Hear , hear . ) He had listened to the several speakers on MHonie Colonies , " ¦ ' . ' Boards of Trade / ' dsc , with much interest , but he ^ sfeed how they were to be obtaiiied 1 Would the' present Parliament grant that ? No ; otit we must exert ourselves . Got the . suffrage—elect a house that will represent us . —and th en , wo may hops
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to have Home . Colonies , and au other things . calculated to make us prosperous , ' free , and , happy , ( Loud cheerfi , ) He ( Mr . Goodfellow ) did-not believe the working ' classes were the vile deatructives they had been represented . Their desire " . was to obtain property only through legitimate means , and he did think if Universal Suffrage prevailed , they should not have a Baron Platt presiding over a Drouet trial ;—( loud cheers)—neither should we have Dorchester Labourers nor Glasgow Cotton Spinners transnnrf-, fifl . fRepeated nhReririff . V He
called on his fellbw-workaen to show their sincerity by pressing forward in the good work . ( Cheers . ) Mr . YVillhms ( carver and gilder ) , said he had much pleasure in seconding this motion , deeming it tke most important , as he did not think the other matters spoken of would be obtained till this was first established . ( Loud cheers . ) After a few words from Mr . Stallwood , the resolution was put and carried amidst loud cheering . . A vote of thanks was carried by acclamation to the Chairman and the meeting separated ..
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THAMES . —Charok of Fraud oh a Gbrmax Emi-OBAsrr . —rEdward Kuyzer , waiter to a German named Antweller , who is proprietor of two lodging-housos in Burr-street , near the St . Katharine ' s Docks , was finally examined charged with plundering William Vanderdeal , a Dutch emigrant ( whom bo first induced to become a lodger in one of Antweller ' s houses , of , 1 C 5 guilders and other monies to a considerable amount . The complainant arrived herein the Rainbow steamer , from Holland , on the 22 nd ult ., intending to omigrato to New . York from London as soon as possible . The prisoner and another man lured him to ono of Antwellor ' s houses , where they induced him to advance 45 guilders to Dav hia
passage and 60 more to provide an outfit , stating that he should sail for America the next day . Before sailing , however , he was made drunk by Antweller , who , in connexion with Kuyzer , defrauded him to a considerable extent , by changing some Russian notes ; infinitely below their value ., Tho prisoner having since ascertained that-Vanderdeal was still possessed of 165 guilders , told him he had better , as _ the London vessel had sailed , proceed at once to Liverpool , where he would bo sure to find a vessel . They then got a cab and proceeded to the railway station . On their way there the prisoner robbed Vanderdeal of all the money he possessed . On arriving at the railway the prisoner paid tho poor man ' s fare , and forcing him into a carriage just as the train was starting , told him he should ' find
his money , outfit , die , before him at Liverpool . On arriving there , however , he discovered the fraud , and found himself in a strange place -without a penny in his pocket , Ho stated the facts to the Dutch conaul , who advised him to get back to London as soon as possible and lay his case before a magistrate . He was enabled to return to London by the kindness of a Dutch captain , who advanced him sixteen guilders . —The prisoner , who persisted in denying the robbery , was committed for trial . MAllYLEBONE . — A Gbntijei . Scamp . — Mr . Charles Higgins was brought before Mr . Brpughtori , charged with drunkenness and disorderly conduct at 11 , Upper Montague-street , Montague-square ; he was also charged on a warrant obtained against him by his wife , the daughter of Sir Paul Joddrell , of
Portland-place , with having threatened to " do for her , " in consequence of wnich said threat she was in fear of her life , and therefore claimed protection at the hands of the magistrate ^—A great deal of evidence was gone into , aud , it was shown that defendant was some years ago received as a guest at at Sir P . Joddrell ' s house , and that he ingratiated himself into the goodgraces of his daughter , with whom he ran away , and a marriage took place between them at Whitechapel Church . Sir Paul and her ladyship were averse to the match , and neither of them had since been upon friendly terms with defendant , who had assaulted his wife violently
on the 26 th ult ., but she did not then press the charge against him he had since abused her and threatened her in the terms before alluded , to , and she was fearful that he would do her some injury ; he had unfortunately given himself up to habits of intemperance , and she had in more than one instance assaulted by him ; for the last assault he was brought before this Court , but as she had no wish to pumah him , as ho had promised not to molest her any more , he was discharged on paying 5 s . for being drunk . —Mr . Broughton now ordered him to find bail , himself in £ 40 , and two sureties in £ 40 each ( with twenty-four hours' notico ) for his keeping the peace for six months .
SOUTHWARK — RoBBEnY bt , a Confidextial Servant avd Sunday School TBAcnen . —C . Hunt , town traveller in tho firm of Messrs . Hart / and Co ., extensive trimming manufacturers , in Union-street , Nvas charged with plundering his employers . —It appeared that the above firm had'missed property to a considerable amount , but no suspicion was excited against the prisoner , who held a confidential situation in their employ , and . the utmost confidenco was reposed in him , the more particularly as ho was supposed to be of a religious turn of mind and was class teacher of a Sunday school . On the preceding day , however , during- tho absence of the principals of the firm , he was observed by one of the clerks to leave the warehouse with a large package , which he took out into the street , and the latter suspecting that it was property which he intended to steal , went after him , and requested that he would return , which he reluctantl y did , when it was found that the package contained a large quantity of superfine
cloth ; On this discovery the prisoner begged for mercy , declaring that it was his first offence , but when his lodgings were examined other property belonging to his employers ' was found . The prisoner was then given into cuatodyl ' One' of the prosecutors said that , although they had no doubt they had been robbed to a considerable extent , they had no wish to press the charge against the accused , as he was respectably connected . —Mr . Cottingham said he conla not consistently with the discharge of his duty listen to any appeal on the behalf of a man holding a confidential situation , such as the prisoner filled , when upon other occasions he was compelled to send poor miserable wretches for stealing a loaf of brond for trial ; that the circumstance of tho prisoner ' s exhibiting all the outward garb of religion , such as being a class teacher of a Sunday school , aggravated the charge against him ; and that he was bound , therefore , to send him for trial . The prisoner was accordingly committed . ¦
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Tuesdat , May 8 .. FamiIiT TniEVES . —H . N . Branch , 13 , an mtelli * gent-looking lsvd , pleaded guilty to two indictments charging him with stealing a half sovereign ; and seven sovereigns and a half , the monies of Elizabeth Branch . —The prosecutrix , in answer to questions put by the Recorder , said that the prisoner was her nephew , and had been brought up with her and her sister , and had robbed them upon two occasions : She declined taking the lad again into her house . ' From other inquiries it appeared that tho prisoner had never been in custody before . It was also stated that his father was living , but he liad
never been taken charge of by him . —The Kecorder said that under these circumstances , and in order to prevent the prisoner from suffering contamination in gaol , he should-order him to belcepfc in solitary confinement for fourteen days , and during tho period be once , privately whipped . :.- -. The Eichmond Shop-mfwno Casb . — Lyuia Dixon , a well-dressed woman , aged 30 , was arraigned upon several indictments , charging her jvith stealing silk , satin , and other articles of ft similar description , from the shops of different silk mercers and haberdashers at Richmond and Hammersmith . Mr . Prendergast defended the prisoner . —The first case that was taken , was a charge , of stealing twenty vards of silk and a quantity of mousaelinerde-laine ,
the property of Mr ., Steel , a linondraper at Richmond .-rA police-constable named ; Woods , produced the property which ho found , with a large quantity of other valuable articles , in a room at a beer shop in . the Lower-road , Richmond , occupied by the prisoner . All the goods had the , private shop mark nnon them , but the prosecutor , would not take upon himself to swear positively-that they , had never been sold . —The jury returned averdict of " Not guilty . " —The prisoner was then charged upon , another indictment with stealing a quanity of huckaback , the property of Mr . Bryant , another linendraper at Richmond . —It appeared in this caso that Woods , the i policeman , was on duty near the prosecutor s slioD . wh ' en he . observed the prisoner deliberately
take up a roll of huckaback and place it under her shawl , and walk off with it ; , Ho stopped her , and sno then said-thit sha was only-going , to take the article into the shop to ascertain the price ; and when he attempted to take her into custody she , made a . violent resistance . ;; She afterwards refused to gireher name or residence , ^ t- . they ^ eventually succeeeded in discovering ^ that . she lodged at the beer Shop referred to in the former . . case , ft also appeared that at the time the prisoner was . taken , into custody she had on : » . large apron , or rather Set , tied > - front of her , wW appeared en ently intended as a most conyenient receptacle for anv nroperty that its wearer might lay . nold of .-r-V $ . KdeLsfc . inhis address to the jury o ^ belnsiructeu
halfof the p risoner , saia no was . ; * um ? he was ayr son of respectability , and incapable of committing the offence of felony , . and he Believed he should be able to show them , by the testimony " highly respectable witnesses , : that . in consequence of a brain « ver , the . mind of tKe prisoner -was affected , and that fth ' e was in such a state as not to render her responsible for her actions . —Witnesses having been called for the defence , the jury returned a verdict of " Guilty . "—The . Recorder , inquired of the constable what waB , thp value of . the property which he found " ui the possession ' of the prisoner . —He replied that about £ 40 worth had been identified ; but there was a great deal for
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Which ^ owner had yet been discateretf . —Tho Kecorder then gave ittrectioDa that . ill the articles ~ i r . , ( leutified - sh ^ W ^ nMtorcdStr-sheS ow ners , and that means should be taken to fine * out to whom the reminder belonged . He also rcspS the sentence upon the prisoner until the next ses - sion , m order that further inquiries inisjlit be made respecting her . ° HMM Wednesday , May 0 . . Robbeiit at tiie BiiiTisn MusEinf ^ -Timoleon Vlasto , aged 24 , described as a labourer , was indicted for stealing 266 coins , valued at ; & 500 tho property of tho Trustees ot the British fouseum The property wa « also laid as belonging to Sir Henry Ellis , Sir Robert Peel , and others . The prisoner , a gentlemanly-looking man , is by birth a Greek , and
orgood family , and seemed . but , imperfectly ac « quamted with the English language , . Upon the rm rious indictments having been rend over , he pleaded "Guilty . " There was another charge against him for stealing seventy-one coins , valued " at . £ 150 , the property of Charles Richard Fox , in his dwelling house . To this indictment the prisoner also plef . dad "Guilty . "—Mr . Clarkson , who appeared on' behalf of the prisoner , applied to the court to defer passing sentence until the next day , when he ( the learned counsel ) would call witnesses to show that the prisoner held a . respectable position in society , and also that ho had not possessed himself of the coins for the purpose of either selling . them or " raising money upon them . —After some Further conversation the Common Sergeant said he should nostD&nft
nnssinosentence until a future day . Charge of Robbing tub Pinenix ( Sue- efowrANr . — J . Kibble was convicted of embezzling several . sums of money , amounting in the whole t » a-bout il 30 , the property of his masters , the Phoanix ( Ja » Company . —Mr . Clarkson and Mr . Bodkin appealed . for the prosecution , and Mr . Metcalfo for tfe prisoner . —The facts of the case were of the ordinary nature of this class of offences . The prisoner had been a clerk , and received the money , which he luvd not accounted for . —The court sentenced him to- eighteen months ' imprisonment . ..... Familt Thieves . —Elizabeth Prendcgast r agdl 16 , pleaded guilty to an indictment charging her with stealing some articles . of wearing apparel belonging to . her father . The prosecutor described his
daughter as being utterly incorrigible . She had loftlier house repeatedly , and associated witBn fcae most depraved companions ,. and upon two previous occasions she had been convicted of felony . He had placed her in a female penitentiary , hut after she lad been there a fortnight her conduct was so bad thathe was obliged to take her away , The Recorder respited the sentence , to givo an opportunity ftr considering what course should bo taken with regard to the prisoner , and whether thero was any probability of her being reformed in this country . Steali . no Tea , —II . Mason , aged 30 , wag indicted for stealing nine pounds weight often , the property of Frederic Besley and others , and J . Battishall , aged 43 , was charged with feloniously receivingtho property , knowing it to have been stolen . Mr . Clarkson and- Mr . W . Cooper prosecuted . Mr ,
Robinson defended Mason , ' aud Mr . Bnllnntlne appeared for the receiver . The prosecutors aro theproprietors of Kicholson wharf , and the prisoner , Mason , at the time of the robbery was engaged as a sort of overlooker in the tea warchouso . On the 21 stof April this prisoner was seen to goto a publichouse near the wharf , and he was observed to hand aparcel to the other man . Battishall was soon afterwards stopped by Lloyd , an officer in the service of the prosecutors , and on his person there was found a quantity of tea , he having previously denied that such an article was in his possession . The tea found upon Battishall could not be distinctly identified by the prosecutors ; and , in addition to this difficulty , there was nothing to show that it was the same article which had been given to him by Mason , in the public-house .
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Thb Mormons . —We want to call the reader ' s attention to the new and most extraordinary position of the Mornions . Seven thousand of them have found a resting-place in the most extraordinary spot on the North American Continent . Sinco the children of Israel wandered through the Wilderness , or the Crusaders rushed on Palestine , there has been nothing so historically singular as the emigration and recent settlement of tho Mormons . Thousands of them camo from tho Manchestors and Sheffields of Europe , to join other thousands congregated from Western New York , and Kew York , and New England—boasted descendants of the Pilgrim fathers—together to follow after a new Jerusalem in the West . Having a temple amidst the churches and schools of Lake county , Ohio , and driven from it by popular opinion , they build the Nauvoo of Illinois . It becomes a great town . Twenty thousand people flock to it . They are again
assaulted by popular persecution ; their Prophet murdered—their town depopulated—and finally their temple burned ! Does all this series of signal persecutions to which they have been subjected destroy them ? Kot at all . Seven thousand are now settled , in flourishing circumstances , on the Plateau summit of the North American Continent ! Thousands more are about to join them from Iowa , and thousands more are coming from "Wales ! The spectacle is most singular , and this is one of the singular episodes of the great drama of this age . The spot on which the Mormons are now settled ' is , geographically , one of the most interesting on the American Continent . Thero is no other just like it , . that we can recollect of , on the globe . Look at the map a little east of the Great Salt Lake , and Just south of the south-west Pass , and you will sea in the north-east corner , of California the summit level of the waters which flow on the North
American continent . It must be six thousand feet , perhaps more , above the level of the Atlantic . In this sequestered corner , in a vale hidden among mountains and lakes , are the Mormons , and there rise the mighty rivers than which no continent has greater .. Within a stone ' s throw almost of one another , lie the head springs of the Sweet Water and the Green River . The former flows into the Platte River :-that into the Missouri : and that into the Mississipi : and that into the Gulf of Mexico , becoming part of the Gulf Stream , and laves
theshores of distant lands . The latter , the Green , River , flows into the Colorado : the Colorado into the Gulf of California , and is mingled with the Pacific , The one flows more than 2 , 500 miles ; theother more than 1 , 500 . These flow into tropical regions . Just north of the same spot are the head streams of Snake liiver , which , flows into the Columbiaj near lat . 40 de >? ., after a course of 1 , 000 . miles . Just south are the sources of the Rio Grande , which , after winding 1 , 700 miles , finds tho Gulf of Mexico . — Cincinnati Atlas .
' Forgery op Government Stamps . —On Friday tha 14 th ult ., the police of Birkenhead , in consequence of information which they had received , proceeded to the house of a person named Thompson , residing at Tranmere , and instituted a search . Several dies for impressing government receipt stamp 3 of various amounts , a variety of slips of paper bearing an impression of the dies , and a great number of articles used in the process of the forgeries , were discovered and carried away by the police .. The occupant of the house , who is a paper ruler , and who , a short time ago , " resided in Chester-street , Birkenhead , was taken into custody . On Saturday lie was brought before the magistrates , but till further inquiries should be made he was remanded . During the examination of Thompson several , of the
forgeries were produced , and excited surprise at the complete manner in which they were executed . Siamese Twims . —Surgical Operation . —The Siamese twins , who have been living some years with , their wives and children , on their own plantation in North Carolina , are said to be on their way to Xew York to embark for Europe , with a view to consult the most eminent surgeons on the practicability of an operation to divide tho ligament that binds them together . . It is farther said that one of their sisters had been adopted into the family of the Emperor of Siam . < A Mosster of the Deep . —It-appears by the Periodic doa Pobrea , of Oporto , that a , monster fish was driven on shore at Povoa do Yarzim , on . the 13 th ult . They are ignorant what fish it i ? ,, hut
its size is thus given : it is fifty-eight hands and nine inches long , and measures in the thickest part nearly twenty hands—its tail being in the form of a fan ; it has four great fins , two great fins op- tha loins , the snout and eye of a pig ; with three oiuera of teeth , great and small ; the mouth fourteen hands in circumference , from the mouth to tho neck five orders of gills , every one having .. a . largo head of the size of a hand ; the skin was as rwgh as that of a seal , and black ; it appeared to be a male ; the liver it is supposed will give upwards of . eightyeight gallons of"oil . ' - This fish was- accidentally strangled by the cords of the nets which aro used for catching that kind . of fish called here " Pescadas , " which resemble the hack—and which had closed the gills and towed the fish alone . .
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Tue Empeeor ' b Tooth . — In Madame Tussaud ' s exlvibt' ; , tion is shown , among other relics of Napoleon Buonaparte , a decayed tooth . The Emperor was much afflicted by : tdoth . acho , which greatly distressed him in several efMa * campaigns . The pain wos sufficient to subdue ewfcthe ' . ;¦ , .. . Emperor , ; whose victories in arm ? had spread terror . through the whole world , and he was obliged to hat&threa teeth extracted . The tooth which Madame Tussaud exhibits ' , displays' a carious spot . It is placed UDd ^ c » glass - case , and by its side lies the instrument by wbinhitwas - drawn ; The Emperor and the instrumeel have alike .. ; * v passed awajr-deatli has removed the ono \ . and Brande ' a . . Enamel for filling decayed teeth , and tendering them . sound and painleis , has Buperaeded . the . aejQcsiity forthQ . other . ' "¦ ¦ ;•¦ ' ' ' ' ' '¦ : .. ' . ' ,. : A Surpbising Cube of a Bad CoinlipjAie had settxeiJi' '""' on the Longs , by Hoixowai ' s PiLLa . _ J £ a& : KTUge » , * esi- ; - ding at S 3 , Cursitor-street , Chancetfy-feiiej ytM reduced to ¦ ¦ ft mere skeleton , owine to aviolent boM .- so that hecJ . Wai ^ .
and lungs had become dangerously , affected ; * Jt » ffi ( 3 ll ^ attended Bartholomew ' s Hospits * * V » mo ^/ waSigKgmfc ^ V JS *; a medicalgmtleman , "that h » sc « reely th ^ H 4 ® g »^^ M ^ m Ut « to reach home . " Her fettw * then .-as ^ W ^^^ . ^ f © Ifl ^ commenced t-ubbing her : <*«» , i ide 8 ^^ iM ^ SH ^^ S ^ Holloway ' B Ointment , and gate her ^^ M ^ SS ^ ffi ^ " *? twica a day , which , to tho surprise of «« , sw ^^» M «*^ P'f % gM Hfcaudenic ^ a p ^ cuuw . J \ ^ 0 . ^ . g |; . ¦ < » v ' . t :: js ^ s i- wife esS ~ - v ; A ! V $ i ^ £ - ^ y "
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 12, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1522/page/5/
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