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THE HOETHERH STAB SATURDAY, JJIitfE SO, Wi9.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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SUKriiiSLD . milE MEMBERS OF THE SHEFFIELD X Irniudi of tlie Xasiuiial land Company arc hereby iiifWrmctL that the qftartiTly meeting will be hefctiuthe Dehociutic Tehhwaxce Hotel , 3 S , Qneen-strec ^ ' on TcEsoiY Ktesisg . Jcs-v 4 Srdy 1 S 19- Chair tol * c takenat lia&iost seven -cMock . By order of the Committee , IIesky Biaxus , ' Chairman .
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TO HE SOLD OR LET , 4 FeiJR . AGKEALLOTmXIO ^ THE . O . 3 J@BFOliD ESTATE , near Br < snsgrove . The aflverfeerias laid £ 5 -is . for his share , are ! £ & 16 s . honus , anil Stands twelfth on the list for choice . Sot being in a pesitiea to locate lmuself on tlie Ian 4 , he irould prefer seliuS < r to letting . The owner ( Mr . Edward Conw intends to he present at the assignment of the allotments on Monday next , and Arill ihen he prepared to treat tar the sale or letting .
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ON -SALE , ^ CEYEUAL FOTJU-ACKE PATJ > -IJP J 3 SHARES iufljcXjttksial Land Company . A sacrifice ¦ -will he made , as the < ras « s are about to emigrate ¦ Ali'ly . for particulars , « t 3 Ir . Watersnau ' s So . TO , Great Leonnrd-street , Shoredkch , London . Letters , post i > aid mth a postage stamp inside , wiU he attended to iniHiediatrfr .
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TO iJii SOLD , AT lOWBANDS ( most delightfully situated and fi-Jly-cropped ) , a TWO-ACRE FARM . Application to fce made to the Directors . -ALSO , AT SXIG' 5 ESD { ftfllT cropped ) , a FOCIJ-ACHE EAR 1 L _ 4 i » j . lititiou to ho made to the Directors , at their Office , 344 , High Ilolbora , Xondon .
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TO BE SOLD , A FOUH-ACRE FARM , on the GREAT JBl D 0 UF 011 D ESTATE , near BvoinsgroYe . All applications to he addressed to the Directors , at their Office , 444 . High llolborn , London .
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TO JJE SOLD , rnwOFOVR-ACBE PAID-UP SHAKES X for £ 2 . 5 s . each , by parties who are going to emigrate inafewdavs . Api ilicatinns to he made to T . Almond , Diddnson ' s-huild-5 n ? A llorsflry field . W .-lvcrliamjiton .
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UKASD ]) £ UUSSTJIAT 1 OS A'JSAB JMUMISGllOVE , 05 THE DODFORB ESTATE , OX THE DAY OF iOGATiOX , MOXDAY , JULY 2 . ND , 18 i 9 . "Homes for the sons of touV " -DAHTIES AllE RESPECTFULLY INX FORMED that a RAILWAY TRIP will leave the CamplfiU Station , Birmingham , at Eight o ' Gtock in the morning , afrording all persons dearous of iishiiijj fhe Estate an opportunity of so doing . rABES—Fust Class , 4 s . ; Second do ., 3 s . ; Third do ., Is . 3 d . TansTtilllie in attendance to convey parties £ « m tlie Brom wrote llailway Station" to tlie Estate and hack . for Tickets apply to iJr . UurrznwiCK , Kews agent , 73 , Stafibid-Etrcct ; Mr . C . Gooinnx , Darwin-street , and ilr . Aiaex . Smethuiclc
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BLAllt'S ( xUUT AN 1 > - JlHJEUiLA . TiC FILLS . The acknowledged efficacy of BLAIR'S ¦ GOET AXD MIEUiLVTlC TILLS , hy the continued series of Testimonials which have been sent to aud published bj tlie proprietor for nearly twenty years , has rendered this medicine the nmst pojmlar of the present age ; and ill cor-Tohoration of which tlie folloning attract of aletter , written 1 ) V John iloliird Wheeler , Esq ., Collector of Customs , Jamaica , having been handed by his brother , at Stvinuon , to 3 Ir . l ' rout for publication , will ftiUy-cunfinn . "Iinojr von iave never had occasion to take IHair ' s Tills , hut let me emphatically tell you ^ n mercy to any friend who may snfier fhnn gout , rheumatic gout , lumbago , sciatica , rheumatism , or any branch of that widely-allied familv to recommend their using them . In this country they ^ u e of wonderful effiiacy : not only am I fekso . vallt airare of their powers , but I see my friends and acquaintances receiving nnfiiiliag benefit from their use . I would jwt U- twflioulllitni on anv account If taken in the early stageafdisifflseflieYdissfijiate it altogether : if in a later , thev alleviate i « uf anf «!< fcct a much speedier cure than hv anv other means wif **! my knowledge . " " Sold liv UmJiias l ' rou » , 221 , Strand , . London ; and by his nppuintnient-liy Heiton , Land . Ilay , Hai s luBainesand ^ fewsome , Smee-. ton , Kcinhardt . ilomer , Rushworth , Stavelly , and Bro « rn , leeds ; 15 r « oke . Dawsbury ; Jk . ltou and Co ., Walker and Co ., IlarJlev and Duiiliiil . Doiicaster ; Judson , Ripon ; TVpjptt , Cchtcs . aail TJio : nnsoii , Thiwk ; Wiley , Easing -wold ; Spivey , itoMersfiL-ld ; Ward , Richmond '; Sweeting , Knaresburongh ; Harsoasmd Wilson , Darlington ; Bison , 3 ietcalfe , and Laugunlc , Xorthallerton ; Rhodes , Snaith ; Sjiinks and Vaiiuett , Tadcaster ; Rogerson . llicks , Sharp , and Stick . ISrailforf ; AruaSl and Co ., Wrdnwrijclit . JBrice , and rriestly . 1 ' uatcfnict ; Cardm-U and Smith , V . ' akefield ; Sutler , Lvvland , Hartley , Ucnton , Dyer , and LoAhouse , Halifax ; JSooth , Koelidale : Lambert , JJoroughbridge ; Palbv and Swales , Wcthcrby ; AVaite , llanwvgate ; Wall , JSanislfv ; Atkinson . JJri ^ Iioa ^ e ; and by the venders ol ' incdiClUVS generally tiirouj ; liont tlie Kingdom . i'rice ;' s . Od . psr box . AskforiSLAUrS GOUT AXIiKIIKUMATIC PILLS , and ohserve tha name and address of - ' Thomas Trout , 223 , Strand , itnukm , " impressed unon tlie Government Stamp aiiiscd to encJi ? "" ¦ •*¦ * *¦* ~« nuiuc Medicine .
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/ TOOTH-ACHE PERMANENTLY X CCKED by « sin- BHAXDB'S EXAMEL , for filling defining tectli , and rendering them sound and painless . Sold by " Chemists even-where I ' rice Is . per packet KECKXT TESTIMONIAL . SiB , _ Findins UKAXDE'S EXAMEL so excellent for its purpose , 1 feel it my duty to reconmiend it to all who suffer ¦ with Jlie tnutii-ackeilttt I come in contact with ; therefore , you will oblige by sending a packet to Mr . James Williams llobbins , St . Vi ' i-Clacsbary . —Your obedient sere-ant , Thomas aioix . iso . —AVcdnealav , JlJarch 13 , 1 S 19 . CAUTIOX—Tlie great success of this preparation has induced Jiumeruus unskilful jrersons to produce si >! uious imitariuas , and to copy ' -Jirande's Enamel" Advertisements . It U needfuL tliereforc , to guard against such impositions , by seeing the signature of Jonx Wiaus accom-Tor . k-s each packet . h < jndouz Jfcura&ctiEvd onlv bv JOIIS WILLIS , 24 , East Teniplt ; Chambers . Yfmidiiara . Fleet-street , removed from 4 , Inffs-buiUfings . Siilisbury-ajuare . Wholesale by all the large Medicine jJonses . Should there be any difficulty in obtaining it , enclose thirteen starajis to JOHX WILLIS ( as above ) , and you will ensure tlie csrcisc zkticlb isy eetcxx of post . Twenty authentic Tesii : n « : ials , with full direexioas / or use , acconipanv e : ich packet , which contains enough Enamel to fill mrsi *« 4 h __ Af JESTS WAXTED .
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50 3 I 0 KE TILTA msr any other Medicine for Indigestion , Irregularity uf Hit- Intestines , Flatulency . Palpitation of tlie lleait / Torjudirjr of tlie Liver , persisting Headaches , 2 iewui 5 ness . lSUioiisuess , General Debility , Desiximleney , Spleen , &e . Price Od .. or Sd . post-five , royal , gilt , 2 s ; or free liviwst . - ' s . Gd . ( iu stands ) , Fifth Edition of DTJ " bA 1 ! 1 ! Y ' . S POrULAB- TREATISE OX ISm « ESTIOS and COXSTIVATIOX ; the main causes of Xcrvousiuss , Biliousness , Scrofula , Liver GonixJaints , Sji ! eea . &c . and their lUulicalKemoval , entitled the ¦"¦ Natural Btycucnitor of the Jsigcstire Oijsnis , " intliout jails , purratives , or uu-dieines of any land , liy a simple , pleasantTeci'nojnieal , and infallible means ; adapted to the general roader . Uu ifciTv sfld Co ., 73 . Xew Bond-street , London ; also , oi "WMliakerVf O > . ; ai « l all other booksellers . Sent post-free at Jlie same price to Prussia .
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PROTECTED JSY KOTAL LEXTEKS 1 'AIEIST . lfitfi | i !| Vb . ~ r& ' - * ' ? 5 * e 3 s jSiV- ^ fe »^ DE . lOCOGK'S FEMALE "WAFERS , Have no Taste of Medicine , And are tlie only reniv-dy recommended to be taken by ladies . They fortify ths ' Constitution : it : dl periods of life , and in all 2 icrr » us AiTcctioas act like a charm . Tbey remove "Heaviness , Fatigue on S % ht Exertion , Palpitation of Ihsileart . Luwnc-ss « f : > i > h-iis . Weakness . : m
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^* ^ TUB rwiwCT EblTluX EV £ & rDBMSllBB . Price Is . 60 ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAIHE'S POLITIGAL WORKS .
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Kow Ready , a New Edition of MB . O'OONHIJR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS .
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THE LABOURER MABAZ 1 HE . Vds . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , may still lie had , neatly bound , price 2 s . 6 d . each So . 4 the Xuniher containing Ma . O'Connor ' s Treatise on the National Land Company ;" Ko . 10 , the one containing itn . O'Cosxoa ' s Treatise " On the National Land and Labour Bank connection -with the Land Company : ' . — Have lately heen reprinted , and may he had on application , Price 6 d . each . Imperfections of the ' Lahourer jragazme' may still he had at tlie Publishers . '
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In a neat Volume , Price Is . Gd . " The Evidence taken by the Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to enquire into the National Land Company . " Tliis Volume ought to he in tlie hands ef every Memher of the Company , as it strikingly illustrates tha care and economy that have tan practised in the management of tlie Funds of tlie Company , and proves , heyond contradiction , the practicahility of tlie Plan which the Company was established to carry out . ¦
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Just puhtishea , Nos . I ., II ., aud til ., Price Sixpekce Each , of THE COMMONWEALTH .
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SoldhyJ . "Watson , Queen's Head Passage , Paternostcrrow , London ; A . lleywood , Oldham-street , Manchesterr and Love and Co ., 5 , Helson-street , Glasgow . And by all Booksellers in Towa and Country .
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XOW KEADY WITH T 11 E 3 IAGAZDJES FOR JULY , No . ILof THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW L Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY , and LITBKATUIIE . Edited hy G . JULIAN HABNEY . costests : 1 . The Editor ' s Letter to tlie Working Classes . 2 . Letter to the Trades : The Land . 3 . Letter from Paris : Present Political Aspect and Prospects of France . 4 . Our Inheritance : The Land common Property . Letter II . 5 . Political and Historical Review—Domestic and Foreign , fi . ManL ' esto of the German Red Repuhlicans . 7 . Monarchy . S . Speech of ArmandTJarhes . 9 . Literature : Hilton ' s Prose Works i MumlMvS UOSinos , ' Polities for the Ptople ; &c , &c . Fobtt Pages ( in a coloured wrapper ) , Pbice THREEPENCE . Published at tlie Office , 5 , "Wine Office-court , Fleet-street , London : and to he had ( on order ) of all Booksellers and Hews Agents in Town and Country . KOTICE . - As printing- tlie Jfcview on thin paper , and without a wrapper , would injure the appearance of the work , copies will not , in future , lie printed to pass through the post As perfect copies wsuld cost in postage alone -id . each , all suhscribers are requested to give their orders to their nearest hoofcseller or newsagent To ensure punctual delivery orders should be given by subscribers ( to their book-SCllers , &c . ) a week in advance .
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Published this Cay , price 4 d . rpHE SPIRIT ; or , A DREAM IN THE -I- "WOOPLANDS . A Poem written during the panic of 47 and : 4 S . By WilliamJoxes , a working man of Leicester . To which are added , notes on the "View from Ksigiitos HitL , " the " Opening of the New Cesseieby , " &c , &c . London : 3 Chapman , 142 , Strand ; J . Ayre , High-street , Leicester ; and all other heoksellcrs .
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Just Published , THE UNSOPHISTICATED AND TSTERESTrNO GENEALOGY OF QUEE N ALEXA 1 STDRIA TICTOIIIA , showing her descent from WllilAU THE BiSTAHD , Dcke of XowoxDY , alias the Fjiekch Coxquerou of Exr land , with singular and remarkable anecdotes of her ancestors . JJead , anil rcnwi ]! , that von may understand , Ho ; v Geianaiis came to bui'tben English laud ; Rut ev ' ry nation has at times a curse , . Aud England thus has gone from had to worse . J Yet how descended , or by whom begott ' n , It matters not , when all are dead and rott ' n ; Tor all alilie are doom'd to meet tlie grave , The king , tlie peasant , nobleman , and slave . Price , only Foukpexce 111 To suit all classes , who may like to read , and wish to know . Published and sold hy Henry Roherts , 31 , Petergate , York . Louden Agent : S . Y . Collins , nolywell-strect , Strand .
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LOXDOX LIFE . Sow Publishing , Price 1 < L ueeMv , and Is . quarterly parts , I" OIvDON LIFE ; OR , MIRROR OF -LJ iJiitli , Humour , and Facotia , eontaiuing all tlie racy movements of the present day : in short , embracing life in all its varied phases and variety . " London Life" will he splendidlv illustrated with original engravings , designed aud executed hy the most eminent artists . Scut ( postfrje ) , is . 2 d . ^> er < jiKirter . Printed and published hy "Winn , Holywell-street , Strar . d , aud all Rooksellers .
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TO BE DISPOSED OF , A TWO-ACEE PAID-UP SHARE in ii- tiie Xational Land Company . For particulars apply to 1 L E ., JJo . 7 , York-square , ( comer of Henry-street , Commercial-road ); letters , post paid , . "
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LAXD , COTTAGES , AND VOTES . rpHE LAST COTTAGE WITH FOUR -1- ACRES of Land may he had with immediate possession , at "Dibdin Hill" twentv-oue miles from London , close to the Villages of Chalfont St , Giles , and Ciialfont St . Peter , Mucks , and within three miles of the market towns of Amersliam and lSeaconsfitld , and six of Chesham and Uxhridge . Tlie title is first-rate ; the water abundant and delicious ; the roads capital : and the couniry beautiful . The nearest llailway Station , at present , is " Wes Dmyton . " . * The cottage consists of only two small rooms , with brick floors ; and this , with fifty feet fi-ontage hy 100 feet of garden ground , lets at i' 4 jier annum . Hut , however humble , this home is capable of indefinite improvement , for it will be held " FOX eves , " as well as the Four Acres , which are situate in the next field hut one , and will he let together or in smaller quantity , at the rate of forty shillings per acre per annum during the iirst three years , aud £ i pur acre per annum fur ever afterwards .
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TO THE EDITOR OP THE " WEEKLY TIMES . " Sin , —My attention was called lately to an article in your paper on the state of France , which for ignorance and atrocity can only be its own parallel . By what motive , I ask , could you be actuated in applying your vile epithets and outrageous anathemas on the head of that truly illustrious and excellent man , Ledru RolliB , as great and yiituous a gentleman as ever adorned any age ox * nation ? Their are either one or two things to account for it ; you must either be a very ignorant booby , or else a Vile miscreant , i . e ., a paid tool in tic hands of some audacious tyrant , as great a stranger to virtue as yourself . You ought to have told the world what the brave Lcdru ltollin has done to merit the bloodthirsty punishment you have prescribed for him , but you dared uot do it ; but I will tell you the crimes he lias committed ; ho has been guilty of loving his fel-
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Trot 'kiRKDAiE Chartist Pbisosew . — John Arnott , score-« ary to the Victim Fund , begs to assure Mr . . 11 . W . Nor man , Ventnor , Isle of Wight , that the osly wives andfamilies of our friends iu Kirkdale on the relief list of the London Committee besides those named in liis excellent letter—White , West , Leach , and Donovan—arc Messrs , Clarke , nankin , and JI'Douall , and that they were ever looked on as " mob enthusiasts , " or as " men who have have not an idea beyond their daily porridge , he ( J . A . ) lias yet to learn . Tire Bsadfoud Victims . — Hie Relief Committee acknowledges die receipt of Ills . lltl . fl' 0111 Mllglcy , H C IIUVC received nn address from this body calling upon the Char , tistsoftlie West Hiding to do ' their duty by forwarding ot the vic
funds for the relief of the wives and families - tims . Tlie address states that there are from thirty to forty Chartists now in prison , most of whom have families , and that , for want of funds , the committee have been unable to assist them for the last hie weeks . —Uho above was in type last week , but was obliged to stand over for want of reoin . ] . J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums for the Victim Fund ( scut herewith ) : —Mr . Tarter , Oil . ; n Friend , 3 d . ; Mr . Chipiudale , Gd . —For Airs . Ernest Jones : —Mr . J . Lager , Od . 3 ft . Tnos . Okmesheii acknowledges the receipt ot Hie following subscriptions for the Kiikdale prisoners : —Levensholme , per John Gaskell . 2 s . ; iiebtlen Uridge , per James Mann , 7 s . 3 d . ; liingley , per John Wild , lUs . Ud .
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VALUE OF THE LAND . An industrious man , with an able son thirty years of age , commissions Mr . O'CONKOK to offer 20 / . a year rent for i \ four-acre allotment , at Minster or O'Connorville , and to transfer his title to 201 . a year , paid quarterly , to whoever may feel inclined to let . The person letting it to discharge the demands of the
Company , and to be discharged from his liabilities as tenant . And thus a man at Minster who has to refund 30 / . Aid Money , and about 12 / . rent , a total of 42 / ,, will receive 8 / . a year , oi-twenty percent ., —indeed it should be put down as 8 / . a year for nothing , as he received the 30 / ., and has had House and Land rent free since ho took possession . All communications on the subject to be addressed to the Land Office .
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THE LAND . " The folly of the day is the wisdom of the morrow . " There is no premium so large , no consolation so cheering , as the conversion of enmity into friendship , and , especially , when that conversion is based upon growing knowledge , rather than upon whimsical caprice , or personal feeling ; and there is no premium that could award to us the same amount of value that we derive from the able , the clever , and irrefutable article which we oxtract from last week's " Dispatch . "
To us truth is stamped with its sterling value from whatever quarter it may come , and we receive it the more cheerfull y when it does come from those who formerly stamped the same truths , -when enunciated by us , as false theories aud wild Utopias . The conversion of an individual opponent is of itself great consolation , but how much greater must be the consolation derived from tho conversion of oiio who constitutes the dial by which thousands regulate their opinions . Our greatest difficulty has consisted in the
ailbut impossibility of indoctrinating any , save the " fustian jackets , blistered hands , and unshorn chins , " with our views of political economy ; while it was in the power of those who were opposed to our principles , to cro ; itc hosts of " enemies , and marshal them into antagonism , not to our principles , but to the order to which wo were attached , lost the confidence and attachment of that order should enable us to discipline the popular mind for that progress for which their own followers wore not prepared .
The "Dispatch" writes for a different , and what is conventionally called a higher order of society , and , therefore , we tho more rejoice at the infusion of knowledge into their heretofore bigoted brains . We pass over the lucubrations of JosnUA Hobson and others , which appeared in the columns of the " Weekly Dispatch , " and we congratulate ourselves in having secured the co-operation of the great middle-class monitor ; while we may assertwith modesty—that we never did draw such a startling , but yet pleasing and true picture of progress , as that represented by tho im-]) roved condition of the Middlesex gravel-pit occupant . TTrto we find an individual of bad and
immoral character—the scape-goat of the village —a besotted stone-cracker—compelled to borrow cabbage plants , peas , and other seedsmetamorphosing a lean pony into a fatted horse ~ exchanging drunkenness for tcetctalism , and transformed from a thief into an honest man , WHEN HE HAD SOMETHING TO PROTECT . We find this patchwork animal , in ten years , convertedby remuneration for industry—into a substantial solid farmer , with £ 300 capital in the bank , with , of course , a sufficient quantity of stock of one kind or another to stock a small farm .
Is not this announcement a sufficient reproof to the several refractory occupants upon the several estates of the Company , who were not floated upon a water-pool in the centre of a gravel-pit , and conrpclled to borrow cabbage plants , peas , and other seeds ? and is not the whole reasoning of the splendid , tho lucid , and irrefutable article to which wo refer , tho strongest justification for our continuous opposition to Free Trade , unaccompanied by those prudent and timely concessions which it was tho duty of Government and landlords to make to the working classes , ainl which it was tho duty of Free Traders to contend for ?
How often have we published the fact ; that during the transition from Protection to Free Trade , and until society was re-organised upon the latter principle , the labouring classes would be the first to suffer , thon the shopkeepers , then tho traders and manufacturers of every denomination ; and , lastly , tho landlords , who , by their political influence and the control of their tenants , would be the
last to loosen their grasp of monopoly . And do we not recognise the foreshadowing of the gathering elements in the assertion , that whereas it took the Corn-law League seven years to marshal their forces for Free Trade , it has only required a month , aud not the assistance of any of the old •« STABS , '' to marshal a more powerful array of Financial and Parliamentary Reformers .
Let tho writer , however , not delude himself with the false notion , that this new army of Crusaders will be as patient and as reliable upon the promised benefits from the new agitation , as the recruits in the Free Trade army were , 2 vo ; the oft-deceived people will no longer rely upon distant means to accomplish the promised ends—they will now reverse the proposition , and secure a sufficient amount of those promised ends , to secure the political means by which then- full hopes may be realised . ¦
Is there a sentence or a word in the article to which werefer , as regards the present state of Europe—foreign policy—England ' s position , or financial state and prospects—the embarassmentsof Ministers—the dislocation of parties —and the onl y possiblemeans of re-organising society—which we have not stereotyped and repeated te > our humble readers to surfeit : and , however the Chancellor- of the Exchequer may raise the cheers of the drones who live upon the honey of the bees , by the announcement that correspondingl y with an enormous increase of popr rates , his Exchequer is so full that no pensioned pauper need fear the nonpayment of his salary upon quarter-day . What is this but a boast of legalised , or , rather , privileged plunder ? Empty stomachs '
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naked backs , bare feet , bastiles tilled to bursting , " an" over-stocked Labour market , and a full Exchequer . Suppose such a contrast could bo drawn from such an exposition , made by a financial minister in a foreign country--in a Republic for instance , how long would it take our Monarchial rulers and their Pressgang to exhaust their denunciation of such a system * Let us now repeat our stereotyped definition of Free Trade . We showed the relative position of the foreign grower , or the importer of foreign corn , and the grower of home produce , thus : —There are two bags of corn standing side by side in Mark-lane ; the buyer opens the
Eng lish sack and out pops a little Crown , a Bishop ' s Mitre , a Parson ' s Surplice , an Admiral , a Naval Staff , a Field Marshal and Military Staff , an Excise Officer , a Customhouse Officer , a Poor-rate Collector , a Pensioner , a Soldier , a Sailor , a Policeman , a Prime Minister and his Governmental Staff , Land-Tax Collector , Highway-Rate Collector , and a host of idle paupers living upon unwilliug-idlo workmen . He opens the American sack , and out jumps a little President , with scarely any accompaniment : and how is it possible that the grower of this gilded grain can compete with the grower of the unadulterated corn ?
Those who so enthusiastically ag itated for Free Trade as a distinct and substautive measure , have now discovered that Protection vvas the keystone of the old social arch , upon which the social superstructure was erected ; and they have discovered the error of striking the centre instead of commencing by lightening the burthen it was to bear . They took no note of Peel ' s Currency Bill of 1819 ; they took no note of our Avhole monetary system ; ' they took no note of foreign progress and foreign competition ; their whole cry was " HIGH
WAGES , ' CHEAP BREAD , and PLENTY TO DO ; " and the gaping , hungry multitude , framed their opinions upon the promise of the big loaf placed upon the top of a , long pole . Some of their tables stated , confidently , that the price of bread would be reduced from ninepence to sixpence per loaf , and that the landlords would be ultimately compelled to make a commensurate reduction of rent to their tenants ; we , however , assured the people that cheap and dear were relative terms , and that the man out of emp loyment or badly paid would find it more difficult to purchase the largo loaf for sixpence , than the man well
employed and at remunerative wages would find it to purchase tho same loaf for ninepence ; and we think that the increase of poor rates , the reduction of wages , and the increased surplus in the Labour market , has fully bomo out our assertion , and we will now submit such a table of rents , and reduction in the price of bread consequent upon , not the reduction but the remission of rent altogether , as regards the consumer ' s profit ; and we beg to call particular attention to the following table , based upon the presumed reduction in the price of bread , from ninepenee to sixpences loaf , consequent upon tho landlords' reduction ofrent .
Flour makes broad , wheat makes flour , land makes wheat , and Labour makes the land able to produce it . The average produce of an acre of wheat is set down at three quarters . The rent of such land is roughly estimated at £ 1 an acre . Three quarters are twenty-four bushels . Eight bushels of wheat will grind into seven bushels of flour ; twentyfour bushels of wheat will grind into twentyone bushels of flour ; a bushel of flour will make eighteen quartern loaves ; twenty-one bushels of flour , or tho produce of an acre of wheat will make 378 quartern loaves . Now ,
378 halfpence is 15 s . 0 d ., and 378 farthings is 7 s . 10 id ., muking 11 . 3 s . 7 id ., or at three farthings a loaf for reduction , 3 s . 7 ld . moi'O than the whole rent ; or , if ho reduces his rent from 1 / . an acre to 4 s . 3 d . an acre , it would make a reduction of one halfpenny in the quartern loaf ; or if he reduced his rent from 1 / . an acre to 12 s . la d . an acre , or over thirtyfive per cent . , it would reduce the price of the quartern loaf from ninepence to cightpencc three farthings . But measure the reduction in the price of bread by the Free Trade standard , at from ninepence to sixpence , and how docs the matter stand ? Why thus—tho acre lots for 1 / ., tho produce of the acre makes 378 quartern loaves , and the reduction from
ninoponco to sixpence a . loaf would amount to 41 . 14 s . Gd ., or 31 14 s . Od more than tho whole rent . So that wo would ask , how , in the name of common sense , the consuming classes could-have been so ' juggled by those who advocated Free Trade , under the simple delusion that all the corn-growing countries in the world would send their produce here and take our manufactured goods instead of money , and that every rattle-box would bo at work ; never understanding that cunning Jonathan would take gold instead of goods , and then come to the English market aud buy English goods lit a depreciated price with English gold , made more valuable in consequence of its scarcity .
But , to return to the poor man ' s interest in Free Trade—that is , the man who cultivates his own land—it-matters not to him three straws what tho price of the amount of bread lie grows for his own consumption is ; while tho man who can make guano , or lime mixed with soil and well turned , a substitute for dung , is a most egregious fool if he grows one single blade of corn . It is labour lost , as tho worst crop of roots is more profitable and less exhausting than tho very best crop of wheat , and is less liable to failure , and still further
can bo turned into manure on the spot , by feeding pigs or cattle , both of which may be taken wholesale to market . However , sinking the question of Free Trade and its results , and overlooking tho probable consequences to the working man of the present agitation for Financial and Parliamentary Reform , should both be successful , we tender our cordial thanks to the "Weekly Dispatch , " for its able and comprehensive article ; we commend it to the perusal of every working man , and present to the dissatisfied , the picture of the
MIDDLESEX GIIAVEL-PIT FARMEE , and ' say unto him , "Go , do fchou likewise ;" and then there Avill not be a pauper in the iaud , when , in the words of tho "Dispatch , " there is . "A SPADE IN EVERY LABOURER'S FIST . "
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"A SPADE IN EVERY LABOURER ' S FIST . " ( From the " Weekl y Dispatch . " ) Until a House of Commons is not a House of Commons , the nation can do nothing for Us own government and salvation . Could no arrangement bo made whereby the speeches might be understood to have been made without actually inflicting their tediousriess upon the executive , or by which the talking might go on to the galleries and reporters , while all the Bills were perfected and passed by " a Committee up-stairs ? " We honestly confess to having a feeling of sympathy with Ministers . We must do them the justice to believe that
they do , not what they would , but what they can . It is among absolute sovereigns that tho most fundamental changes are made . Prussia , by one stroke of the pen , made all its leasehold farmers freeholders oh the spot . Napoleon , in three words , abolished primogeniture . The Dictators of Spain , within a week after they attained to power , seized upon the huge estates of the church , and bestowed them on the people . This is the year of fundamental principles . Woe to England if she be driven to them , when she should voluntarily adopt them . We may iguorantl y congratulate ourselves upon haring escaped the hurricane of change and the whirlwind of revolution . We
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possible f t ^ S S and leave the quakes should ^^ ^ rld Without a symloading nation of tlie W u hQ pathetic shock . In fact , fcuiope « settled nntil England tj kes he « jn pta- ^ the universal movement , « O . muo * om-solves , or others will ^ ™ Wl be irotake to be inevitable . Whetlc it ^ m " peaceful and constitutional , or an uchu ana S ent , will depend on the wisdom ot OUl ders n leading a nlttrcll thO ) ' Cjnnot stop , or their folly in opposing a tide they cannot ri « n Wo repeat it—this » tho epoch of tun-Sental principles . The anato ^^ % has been scalped to its very fifth pan of naves Li HssmaLt veins and cart > kges Men found it to be necessary , and they did it -The whole head is sore , and the whole heart sick . " The engine doesn ' t work , and the engineers take it to p ieces to seewhether is the large piston or the small pinion that is at fault . Socialism , Fourierism , Communism , Saint Simonianism , are disinterred , and set up before mankind as the serpent in tho wilderness , which is to bo looked upon by the people , and to stay tho plague . Men have become at — ,. „ ,,, ^^ - ^ ^ ——~ . " . .. xi . _ ^ infatu ation . It is im-
least convinced that there is a plague . That has taken fast hold of the masses of all European nations , from the French to the Austrian-Polish serfs , and from those hack agaill the English people . We cannot much longer go on as we are , and if we could we are not inclined . Here are the Financial and Parliamentary Reformers started into power and influence literally at once . What it tock the Anti-Corn Law League seven years to accomplish , has been done by their successors m a month . They have found a ready-made
public . Large theatres crowded to ' . tho . ceiling , without one of the old stars to draw a , house . Will rulers not be warned ? What has brought these masses together but that every man and mother ' s son of them is in uneasy circumstances—anxious about to-morrow—discontented with to-day—finding the world going back with them—corroborated in their fears by tho distempered faces of their neighbours . This is the stuff of which the special constables were made who saved thenation , when the mercenaries of the Continent fellawayfromtheside
of authority . How long and how often can they be depended upon in their present temper ? Six precious months have been trifled away in elaborate nothings , and the solemn futility of making a demonstration of going for to go , and never going after all . Who will venture to say that any real fundamental work has boon done . Who ' will deny that our fate cries out and champions us to tho utterance ? Crime , rates , poverty , debts , bankruptcy , insolvency , population , all overtaking , us . with gigantic and geometrical strides . —aud not a single attempt made to get out of tho way . The rural population are in a desperate condition . The town masses are without a home
trade or country customers . Tho country is Without the means of purchase . The farmers are wild aud desperate , create the miseries they deplore , pay off their hands , aud then say , '' Behold the fruits of Free Trade . '' We charge it against our rulers that they have not redeemed the time . " The winter is past — the summer ended—we are not saved . " Wo have outlived the
oligarchical principle . The population have outgrown the practicability of its continuance . If the Land bo not opened to the industry and enterprise , and small savings of small mOl ) , wo SCO only 0110 result to the present movement . All the nations of Europe have been compelled to get rid of entail and primogeniture . We could endure these vile laws longer and with smaller peril , because our Colonies , our manufactures , our
vast commerce , enabled us better to bear up against their ruinous influences . But the confusion of Europe and the powerful competition of the United States driving us back on our own resources , have so aggravated the difficulties of our position that , without the immediate disengagement of the soil from the close grasp of a pernicious monopoly , we can no longer find the means of maintuining and employing our annual increment of half-a-million of mouths , and whole million of hands that must either
be filled with work or will fill themselves of mischief . Lot » ho people on to the Land . Therelies our salvation—politically , socially , That is the way to make freeholders , independent electors , Dock entails , and let insolvent Ducal life-renters pay off their debts by the sale-of their estates , and live the happier upon a residue they can call their own . Abolish Poor Rates as a local tax , and repeal tho law of settlement . Put a spade into the peasant ' s
fist , and tell him that his cottage and its surroundin g five acres are his own , when he has worked the price out of thorn . It will tu . ko no great while . The wonders of small holdings accumulate upon us . We exposed the case of the farmer ' s poor hireling aud his hard-earned nine shillings—tho patient . drudge of { . mother man . Here is its counterpart , or rather , its antithesis , in the person of the man who is his own master , and labours for himself . The
scene of this biography lies in Middlesex—not a dozen miles from Bow bell . The subject oi it wus one of those parish nuisances who could not make up his mind to break road metal , and yet never got regular work . He has a family , and took as much beer as ever by hook or by crook he could come by . An eleemosynary . worker , a sort of odd man in the village , careful men mentally , laid at liis door all undetected parochial peccadilloes , lie cast his eyes upon the old worn-out gravel-pit of the village on the neighbouring heath . There are
two acres and a half of it with a large watcr-Iiole in the middle . It was of no use to anybod y . He offered 12 s . Gd . a-year for the whole , and was dul y installed as tenant . He began his work in tlie spring-, and got a loan of cabbage-plants , of peas , and seed potatoes . He discovered the hidden riches of the waterhole . Load after load of fertilising mud he hauled out of tho pond , and wheeled upon the land . He worked with his spade early and
late—wife and children hel ping . A starved pony and a truck carried his vegetables every morning to market . He was always at it . jSot a square inch was idle for an hour Tho cabbages were taken up at sunrise for the market , and when ho returned with tho proceeds his famil y had already planted the vacant space with a new crop . Even the waterhole , planted with osiers , brought tho custom of the basket-makers . The world throve with
him , and as ambition saw the way cleared , it stimulated self-respect . Ho became a teetotaler . The pony gave place to a horse . Be had crop enough to take to London , and brought back manure in the return cart . Fertility and production increased . Ho o- ot stronger and healthier as he could afford tcTbe better fed . Ho worked ' harder , earlier , later . He devised now contrivances ,- and ventured
upon more expensive crops , until at last , in ten years' occupation of two acres and a half lfnA- 0 l ( f g ^ fitv- we find him master of £ 300 m hard cash m the bank , respected as a warm man and . a steady friend in the village and is about to treble the size of his holdiiV and start in the character of a prosperous small farmer whom landlordsi will to M to secure as a tenant ! He « has , lie tells us neihbour whose
g , history is almosU cou ^ part of his own . « Give aiiian , " says Arthur Young , " the freehold of a bare 3 ^ d he -nconv ^ itinto a garden . Give htTnine yeais lease of a garden , and he will turn it into a desert . " Let apeasant labourfe ^ self , andMiold the result . Make him t \\ e drudge of another , at weekly wages , and next wmto you . will find him begging wee ' kWW tuc
n-om Umoa . We bury the virtues oftbo Saxou peasant when we make him a flrmei ' s SL a T ° - hlS ° ™ ^ ' his own giound , and there is not a moor or heath in ^ ug landtliat lewiiln ^ makeas prodSas Aylesbury Vale or llomuey Marsh .
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PARLIAME NTARY REVIEW . As the Session approaches its close , the importancl and variety of the topics discussed in both Houses increases . Having to a considerable extent dawdled through ^ P ™ " P ^ * of the vcar , the near vision of the 12 th of Au ^ st- ^ coveys , moors , guns , and game bags—Aroused our legislators from their apathy and indolence into something hkeactivity , and at a season of the year when fine sunny weather excites a longing for the green fields , shady woods , and pleasures of a . liluintJK ) Jnnntrv Fccrs , Commons , clerks , reporters , SSii ^ who - aretiodtoth j P ^ IiainentaY miphino are compelled to drudge through Ztlework and double hours of toikomo lAltiJiA « i
exertion . T , -w ., ™ , . National Poor EATE . -Lord -M- ^ r brought an important practical question before the Commons last week , by moving lor a Committee to inquire into the practicability ot better providing for the maintenance of the indigent poor of England aud Wales , by-an eoual and general apportionment ot tho burdens of the same . " We certainly must express surprise that such a monster g rievance , should not have sooner been discussed in the Legislature . It will scarcely be believed by those who
have not given attention to this subject , that the inequality in the rating for the support of the poor varies to the extent it does . It absolutely ranges from one farthing to fourteen shillings in the pound ! Now , undoubtedly , the intent and meaning of the original Act of Eu > zauistii , and the plain common sense of the question , is , that property of all kinds shouldcontribute to the support of the poor in fair and equitable proportions . But an examination of the returns ordered by the House of
Commons on this subject , brings to light the fact—and proves it iu the most indisputable manner—that the rich escape the burden of supporting the poor , and that it is thrown upon the poorer parishes—that is , those parishes in which the greatest number of middle and working classes , and the smallest number of the more opulent gentry , reside . Lord Nugenx instanced cases of this gross inequality , which woro certainly sufficiently startling ; but he did not bring out the injustice so clearly as he might have done . The inequality of rating .
applies equally to towns and to counties . In both the rich contrive to shuffle off the burden of supporting the poor to the shoulders of those least able to bear it , while , at tho same time , the system is continually . at WOl'k to add to the riches of the few and the poverty of tho many . First , as to the counties . Taking the comparatively poor counties of Bucks , Dorset , Essex , Oxford , Southampton , Sussex , and Wilts , we find an average rate of 2 s . 9 d . in the pound upon a total annual value of property assessed amounting to y , 397 , T ^' -
Contrasting these with seven rich and populous counties—namely , Chester , Lancaster , Lincoln , Middlesex , Northumberland , Stafford , and York ( three Hidings ) , we have an average rate of Is . 0 'd . in tlie pound upon a total annual value of property , assessed at 24 , 892 , 795 ^ i But this inequality , when counties arc contrasted with counties , is still more apparent within the counties themselves , when parish is contrasted with parish . The landlord who
owns the whole of a- parish agrees with uie farmers to whom ho lets his laud , that they will keep down the resident poor and evade the law of settlement , by making it what is called " a close parish . " This is effected , in a very simple manner ; the landlord builds no now cottages , and as fast as ho can get possession of those in existence , by the death or removal of their minutes ,- he pulls thorn down . He and his tenants hire all their labourers
from the nearest" open parish , " which , being subdivided among several proprietors , cannot ho closed in this snug way . The labourers are by one means or another driven into this pauper warren , and made to walk some miles daily , to and from their work in the " close parish . " The landlord draws his rents , the farmer his profits , from their labour , as long as they can work—Avhen they can toil no longer they are flung as a useless piece of timber on the " open parish , " to add to the heap of pauperism of which it is at once the nursery and
tlie last refuge . Ilns explains Lord NiiGKNx' s statement—that in some parishes the rates are only one farthing in the pound , while in others they are fouijtekjv simllixgs . ' Similar abuses exist in the rating of town parishes . In London the poorest ratepayers pay the highest rates . London , within the walls , with a rated property of the annual value of G' 13 , 033 / . pays Is . 7 ( 1 . in tho pound , white the citizens without tho Avails , with a rated property of 211 , 150 / ., pay 2 s . lOd . That is , in plain words , about one-third the amount of annual
property pays nearly twice the sum to the relief of tho poor . But evon that disproportion is moderate compared with tho rate on povertystricken and squalid Bethnal-greeu , with its thousands of toiling and starving handlooni weavers , and that paid by aristocratic and fashionable St . George ' s , Hanover-squaro . In Bethnal-groen the rate is 2 s . 3 ^ 1 ., while the rich Wcst-ciul parish getsoffwitharato of fed . in the pound , or one-quarter of tho amount levied upon the poorer rate-payers in the East . But even this is exceeded " by the case of two
parishes in the City , within the walls . The parish of St . Christopher Stock , is wholly occupied by the Bank of England and tho GiiEsiiAji Committee . The first of these wealthy corporations " cannot state the amount of its wealth , " tho annual income of tho other is about 20 , 000 / . ; tho whole amount raised for the poor in this happy parish by thesc . enormousl y wealthy todies , is something over 100 / . ' every alternate year ! The anomalies and tho oppressiveness of the picsont system' of rating meet us in whatever direction we turn .
With the exception of Barnard ' s Inn and St . Clement Danes , all tho Inns of Court and Chancery arc extra-parochial , and , therefore exempt from any poor-rate at all . The swarms of lawyers who ply their vocation and . grow rich in these Inns , contribute nothing to tho support of tho poor , so far as their residence there is concerned . Those ' of thorn who have houses in addition to their
chambers , have thorn in rich and lightly-rated parishes . In like manner , the wealthy and richly-endowed Universities escape ; and all over the country there are scattered these extra-parochial places , which by the neglect of our Legislature to keep pace with the demands of tho times aud tho altered circum stances by which wo arc surrounded aiv allowed to pass scot-free . '• " *
When . the immense sum annually raised for the support of the poor is taken into consideration , and the probabilit y of its increase , under our present misery-producing system is kept m view , it is obvious that this is a great and practical question . Nothing can be more just or more self-evident than that of the principle so often laid down in Parliament of late—namel y , that " tho property of the countiymust support tho poverty in the oonn-» T- It is hi gh time that principle should be applied to property in England . It is monstrous and disgraceful that landed proprietor rich
s , banks , and co-operate bodies , gentlemen learned in the law , and wealthy ana fashionable tradesmen , should escape from bearing their fair proportion of the burden imposed by the existence of pauperism , and shift that burden on to the backs of those least able to bear it . Though Lord - NuGWs' motion was defeated , as might have been anticipated , it raised a question which must not be allowed to sleep , but be urged upon the attention of tho Legislature , from time to time , with an earnestness and a pertinacity worthy of its importance . " The Budget—The -long-delayed financial statement of the : Qhascellou of the Exchequer , as delivered b y him , quite realised
The Hoetherh Stab Saturday, Jjiitfe So, Wi9.
THE HOETHERH STAB SATURDAY , JJIitfE SO , Wi 9 .
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' 4 " THE NQRTHKRN -ST-AR . m ___„ " ~ 4 ;
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 30, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1528/page/4/
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