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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Hzm .- * of Loxaox during the Week . —The 1 , 217 deatiis roi-istcren in the week exhibit an excess of 254 abcvi tLc weekly averago of the quarter , which ends oioTuae the SOtli ; but tMs unusual result is due o : dy in yart to an increased rate of mortality . The registration of a considerable portion of those deatlj 3 o : > which inquests were held , though they occurred af . an earlier period , is not completed till the end oftae quarter ; a fact , l > y winch is explained the accumulation of deaths observed in the present return , from fractures , banging , drowning , poison , burns , ami some vagaelv described as " natural , "
or " nom the visitation of Cfod . " The number now returned fey coroners as caused by violence is up-¦ wards of SO , though the weekly average is only 29 ; those enumerated in tho table as " sudden deaths " are 4 S , though the average < Ioe 3 not exceed 11 ; an excess , ibr the same reason , is found under " apoplexy , " the cases returned being 42 , while the average is 2 i . Sat the mortality from diseases of a tubyreuLir nature , and from those of the organs of circulation , differs little from . the average ; that from diseases of the respiratory organs falls considerably under ifc . In the zymotie or epidemic class the fncrcase is remarkable ; here , the deaths -which in the two previous weeks were respectively 251 , 277 , were last week 319 , whilst the average is 193 . The
fatal can . as in this group , which attraet notiee , are lioownig' -eough , from which there were 53 deaths ( the average being 36 ;) diarrhoea , from which there were 30 , whilst the average is 12 ; and cholera , from ¦ which 124 deaths are enumerated . The recent progress of this disease is shown by the weekly returns ; lor in tour previous weeks the fatal cases were respectively 9 , 22 , 42 , and 49 . Last week it was fatal to 70 males and 48 females , of whom only five were under live years of age , 21 between that age arid fifteen years , 8 S at fifteen and under sixty , and 10 at sixty and upwards . Few deaths from it occurred in the north districts . Mr . "Western , the registrar of Sf . James , ClerkenweH , reports that a . man died from " fever" after an illness of six days . He had lain on the floor of a iniseraWe hovel six feet square ,
and witiiiu a few feet of nuisance , which accumulated snd overflowed in the court . Two cases are ascr ibed to intemperance , two to privation , and a young aian of 18 died in rdncras of " phthisis , " ¦ while left in a destitute condition by his father , who lad deserted him . A woman died in the City-road sub-district at the advanced age of 109 years . The mean Keighfc of the barometer during the week was 29 . 870 in . The mean temperature of the week was rather * higher than the average of seven years , though under it during the last three days . It was aboutodeg . higher than the avenge on Tuesday and Yveduesday ; and on the former day the highest in the Shade was 75 deg . 6 min . and in the sun 100 deij . 7 min . The mean temperature of the week was 60 dcg . 2 min . Accijxext at the EcsTO-f Statiox . —On Monday
evening , whilst shunting the seven o clock up tram , after tne passengers had alig hted , to make room for the eight o ' clock « p train , a first-c-lass carriage ran off the line against one of the columns supporting the siied . The girders of the roof immediately iroke , and a portion of the roof fell upon one of the first-class carriages . So person was hurt , but the damage done to the roof was considerable . Latixo * the -Fibst Stose of the Olympic Theatre . —For a considerable time past labourers have teen employed on the site of the late Olympic Theatre , clearing away suchworthlessruuisaswcre occasioned by the recent calamitous fires , and on Sftturdav last the first stone of the new edifice was laidfcy 5 Qss Ellen Cavell , daughter of the proprietor , ia * presence of the proprietor , the architect , and a large circle of private friends , including numerous persons connected with literature , the fine arts , and the drama .
Accroi-XT as the River asd Loss ' of Life . —An accident occurred upon the river on Saturday evening last , near the Archbishop of Canterbury ' s palace . It appeared thatfive persons , named Wm . Field , Edward Groves , Samuel Miller , Thomas Barnes , and Wm . Higguis . all in the employment of Messrs . 1 'rice , the patent cocoa-nut candle manufacturers , at Tauxhall , had been to witness a cricket match at Battcrsea , and were returning in a four-oaf eJ boat , when the surf caused by a passing steamer struck the hoat and turned it over , precipitating the five persons into the river . Several watermen put off in their boats , and succeeded after some time in getting the four first-named out of the water , hui lliggins unfortunately was drowned , 'the deeeay . il was a son of Police-constable Digging , vf the X-division . " "'
INQUESTS . „ De&h witile Batukg . —Before Jfr . ITiggs , on Saturday last , at the Spotted Dog , Strand-lane , on the body of Sir . "William Taylor , late chjef manager at Messrs . Simpkin and Marshall , publishers , Stationers ' -court , Ludgate-liill . —Mr . llearne , bookseller , Siationers ' -courfc , stated that early on Wednesdavweek , witness , deceased , and four others rowed " _ rom St . Paul ' s TVharf to t ]« British T"lag , Battersea , where they bathed . Witness teariDg deceased scream violently looked towards where he was . and saw him strusslhur with Mr . Cojrser .
"Witness swam towards them at the moment that Mir . Cd 22 cr released himself from deceased ' s grasp , when deceased sank , and witness diving after him , broui'lit iim io the surface . "Deceased grasped witnesslind both sank to the l ) ottoin . "Witness , however , released himself from deceased , but he was so exhausted-thatlxe reached the shore with difficulty . —Mr . Conger gave similar testimony . —A juror censured iWpolice for allowing parties to Lathe in the river , which he said was a most disgraceful practice . —The superintendent ef the Thames police replied , that tiiey had no power to prevent the practice . — Yer-lieL "Accidental Death . "
Death of the Bishop of Exetj-H s EHOTiiEn . — On Saturday night , at eight o'clock , a jury were empauelled / before Mr . Bedford , thy coroner , in the board-ycom of St . James ' s Workhouse , Polandstreet . ' Westminster , to inquire into the circumstances attending the death of J . Phillpntts , Esq ., the Jaie member for Gloucester , and brother to the Uishojf of Exeter , who died very suddenly in an omnibus . —Mr . Alexander lire , of 2 . 0 . 24 , Bloomsl ) ury-s « u . -ire , surgeon , deposed that the deceased gent-einaii was seventy-four years of age , and resided at So . 14 , Pall-mall . He was a banister-atlaw , and was member for Gloucester for upwards of seventeen years . Witness never attended him professionallyj hut always considered him to he a very liealthv man . The Bishop of Exeter and deceased ' s
son hall been written to and informed of the death , but they were not able to arrive in town to give evidence .- ^ Thc coroner observed that it was unnecessary , as Mr . IJre had identified the body . —James Jtoberts , of No . 26 , Park-street , Camden-town , said , he was conductor to one of the Waterloo omnibuses . On Fridav nig ht , about a quarter past ten o ' clock , the deceased hailed Mm at the corner of Devonsluic sireel / m PoriLind-p lace . The omnibus was stopped , and ha got in without assistance , and appeared pcrfecUv well . On reaehing the Begent-circus , Oxford-Street , " the omnibus stopped , it being usual io wait several minutes totalce up passengers at that point . Two minutes had not elapsed when witness looked In to see how many passensers tlsere were . The
deceased was sitting near the door , and tnere were two ladies and a gentleman in the omnibus . Witness lad only just looked in when the deceased suddenly . fell on one side , and toM along the seat . "Witness immediately opened the •• loor and assisted in lifting him up . lie appeared quite helpless , and in a state of insensibility . Witness ,. with the assistance of several persons , carried him to the shop of air . UuJge , a chemist , in Itegent-eircus , ami a surgcon was instantly sent for , who , upon his arrival , pronounced the deceased to lm qaue dead . He never spoke after" he fell . The omnibus was stationary when he feU . —Mr . J . G . Trench said he made a post mortem examination of the deceased , in the presence of Mr . Ure . There we . - bo external marks of violence . The ieart was considerably
enlar"ed : and double the usual size . Tne valve of the left veitrlcle-was ossified . The rest of the organs were quite iiealthy . "Witness opened the head , and found an effusion in the ventricles of the brain . "Witness was of opinion the deceased had died of a diseased heart , which was quite sufficient to account for the suddenness of the death . There was no appearance of any deleterious xnattci' in lisa stomach . Death must have been instantaneous . —The coroner said , after hearing such evidence there was no occasion-tb proceed further in tlis inquiry . The death was most awfully sudden , and a most melancholy one ^ -The jury immediately returned a verdict of " 2 fatural death from a diseased heart . " A M-lJf 3 JJDBDEBED Br jus Wife . —On I-IondaT , 3 Xr . -tt -i * "HTolrioTr Homitw pnrnnor n > mi .. il lnfnrmn-% vvi vubi iviiiivw
f |_ ^| _ fl ^ lAlWT , * vp « KV * | . * mv ** ± .. tion of flie deatli of Peter White , a shoemaker , lately residing at Beherford-street , Pitzroy-market . It appeared that the deceased am , liis wife had for gOme time past lived very uncomfortable together , In oonseaiK-nce of the latter giving-vv ^ y to intemperate habits . On the 5 th of last month they had both been out to a party , and they returned home between eight and nine o * clock . The deceased then "went to bed , - when his wife eanie up xo him soon afterwards , and pretended that she wanted to kiss iim . She then drew a knife , whieii her husband used in Ms Business , across his throat , inflicting a dreadful wound , from which blood flowed in streams . Thecrie 3 ofthe man" brought assistance , and he
was conveyed to University College Hospital the same-ni g ht at half-past nine o ' clock . The wound in the iorbat was dressed , and c-vrv h ! :. - . ^ t . is - ; ? ene for li = i ' - ih :: i th ? nature of th- * c :. ;> e w ^ ul-. i pi-r _ uh of , but t : » 3 'JsccSsed died on Sunday l&n . Tiie woman Das Laan Uikea info custody . —On Tm . ' .-jay an inquest was held at the University C ' olk-e JJospicil , Before Mn TLM . Waklcy , on the body of the said Peter White . —Mr . D . S . Gaye and Mr . W . Filliter , honae snrgeons of the hospital , gave evidence to the effect thn ^ the deceased died of low or gangrenous jnflamaatioa of the lungs , brought « . u by the wound in the ihroat . —The jury returned a verdict of " 3-Smslaughter " against Mary Wlxiiei
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The Poison of a Cnui-ciiTARD Tkp . e . —An mou ? st was held at Ciiicliester o : i Saturday last ,, on the bodies of Ann . Walker , aged turoo years , and James Walker , aged six years . —L . Lucko . ll deposed , I am a surgeon and reside at Chwucstcr , and attended the twodeceased . childrcn . 1 was first called to see them on Wednesday between die hours pf two and three in the afternoon . I found them both in tiie same condition . They were very ill and the svmptoms were tJie same . The bowels were much inflamed , and the elder , the boy , was gradually sinking . I observed nothing particular to cause death . " They had been ill , as I was informed , seven or oight days hofore I saw them . Last evening I made ° a _ ' . ost mortem examination of the bodies . I opened the body and chest , and found the mucous membrane highly inflamed , and the inflammation extending through the whole canal , each oontaining
vegetable matter more or less digested , i he alimentary canal contained six or eight large worms . The vegetable matter could not cause the worms . I shoald say , from the smell of the vegetable matter , it was a species of savin or cypress tree . The smell was exactly the same as the spri £ which I now produce . ! I found in the stomach of the elder three or four table-spoonfuls of this vegetable matter , and in the " younger about a spoonful and " , a half .. ; . All food had been ejected fi-om them either by vomiting or otherwise . I now produce a portion of a shrub , which I believe to be savin , although lam informed it is a species of-the male cypress . I think a quantity of this plant taken into the stomach would destroy life . I jrofc this . sprig from a . tree in St . Paul ' s Churchyard , near the residence of the deceased children , a . id it is the only tree ir _ the yard of that nature . The contents of the stomachs contained a similar portion of the shrub now produced , which I have no doubt was the cause of death . I do not
believethat the children could be forced to . eat it unless it was g iven them in . tho way of a salad . My impression is that the children had voluntarily eaten the sprigs when they were iu the churchyard playing together . —Sarah Morris sworn : Ireside at - ^ ortii-gate , and am grandmother to the deceased children . The mother and the children eame to our house from Luggershall on a visit last Monday week , and they appeared in very good health when they came . I first observed their illness on the following Thursday : the little girl was taken ill
first They appeared very well on Wednesday mornine , for they were out and up in St . Paul ' s Churchyard alon » with me . On Thursday the little girl complained that she was very sick , and frequently vomited something green . I heard no Complaint until after they had their breakfast on that day . The children received some medicine from Mi . Woods ; the chemist in North-street ; , but it did them no good . —Verdict , " That the children were under the age of discretion , and that they had iiicautiously taken and eaten a . certain portion of a savin or Cyprus tree , which was the cause of death . "
Embezzlement trom the Lancashire axd Yorkshire Railway Compasy . — On Monday , at the Manchester Borough Court , before Mr . Maude , a well-dressed man , named George Jackson , who had been employed as a collector on the above line , was charged , with embezzling different sums of money , amounting in the aggregate to upwards of £ 80 from his employers . The prosecution rested on two sums for which he had not accounted , one of five pounds and the other of twenty-three pounds ; the receipts for these items being produced by the parties who had paid the money to the prisoner . The other defalcations were also proved by a clerk in the employ of the company , who was sent round , after suspicion had attached itself to Jackson , to the various parties whose accounts appeared from the books to be still owing . The prisoner ' s salary was £ 100 per annum . He admitted the' fraud , and said that ho had spent the money in betting at the Manchester Steeple Chase . Ue ^ was committed for trial . .
Sixgulmi Deaths . —Chatham , Friday , June 29 . — A somewhat singular circumstance has occurred here within the past week . A man named Marriner , belonging to the dockyard , while employed in repairing a leather strap , pricked the forefinger of bis left hand with an awl , which in three or four days caused mortification of the arm , and killed the man . Two or three days previous to Marriner pricking his finger , his daughter pricked her finger with a needle , and while in attendance on her father the finger caught the infection from him , which also turned to mortification , and she died the very day her father was interred .
Poisonings at Westbijry , Wiltshire . —An inquest was held here , before Mr . 6 . Sylvester , one of the county coroners , and a respectable jury , on Thursday , the 28 th ult ., which has been the means of disclosing a revolting , if not a series of eleven revolting , murders , by the administration of arsenic by an unnatural parent , toiler child , if not children . Considerable excitement , as may be naturally supposed , has prevailed in thisquiet little town during the week , in consequence of the exhumation of the body of a child who had died under very suspicious circumstances , and whose death it was alleged had been caused by arsenic , administered by Rebecca Smith , its mother , who it appears is the wife of a labourer , named Philip Smith , and who has
been married abeut eighteen years , during which period she has given birth to eleven children , most of whom , with the exception of the eldest , died in infancy , viz . —Philip , born October 10 , 1837 , died October 13 , 1837 , aged three days ; Philip , born October 13 , 1 S 38 , died October 21 , 1833 , aged eight days ; Susan , born March IS , 1810 , died April 1 , ISiO , aged fourteen days ; Sarah , born July 18 , 1 S 42 , died . Aug . 7-1842 , aged twenty-one Hays ; Edward , born Jan . 14 , ISM , died within a month ; Edward , born in 1 S 4 C , died in three days ; and Richard , the subject of this inquiry , born May 16 , 1 S 49 , died June 12 , 1849 , aged twenty-seven days . Uuder these circumstances suspicions naturally arose , and it was determined to exhume the body , which was done , when a postmortem examination was niado by Mr . G . Shorland , of Westburv , and Mr . Gibbs . These gentlemen feeling * convinced " by the examination of the presence of arsenic in the child ' s stomach , the whole in
of the viscera , together with the stomach and - testines and their contents , were carefully removed from the body , and ( having been sealed up in a proper vessel ) were transmitted to Mr . Herapath , the celebrated analytical chemist , of Bristol , for examination , and llebecea Smith was giveu into custody . She is a forbidding , ill-favoured woman , of about forty-five years of age , and has manifested the most stolid indifference since her apprehension . It having been proved by the evidence that the prisoner had purchased arsenic a few days before the death of the child , from the shop of Mr . Taylor , druggist , of Westbury , and l \ v . Herapath having « ive ' n his opinion that the deceased died from the effects of arsenic , the jury returned a verdict of " Wilful Murder" against llebecea Smith , who was thereupon committed to take her trial at the ensuing Wilts Assizss . —Philip Smith , father of the deceased chi : d , said the child was perfectly healthy when born , and that from its death he had derived ¦ ¦
no pecuniary benefit . * . FixniM ? a £ 100 Note . —As a gentleman was getting into one of the first-class carriages at Rugbystation last week , his attention was attracted to a piece of paper suspended between the cushion and the seat . Upon examining it , the gentleman found , to his astonishment , that it was a £ 100 note . He immediately got out of the carriage and handed the note to the station-ma 3 ter . The carriage in question had been tumed off from a train that had previously come in , and it is supposed that the occupant , in getting out for tne purpose of renewing-his journey , left the note behind . Emigration from Liverpool . —Contrary to the expectation expressed in our last notice of this subject , that the tide of emigration from this . port wnnld foil off in-the next few weeks , owing to the
approach of harvest , we have a further increase to report during the past month . The numbers now stand as follows : —First six months of 1848 , 62 , 630 ; first six months of 1849 , 87 , 443 . The increase on the last month is , in round-numbers , 5 , 000 persons . The same improvement continues to be noticed in the class of emigrants going , lnanyof ¦ whom . appear-to be of moderate substance . 5 This , too is the case in the emigration from other . ports , as is shown in the case of the loss of the unfortunate vessel Charles Bartlett , from London to New York . Of the parties - saved we find some stated to have lost , besides baggage , tools , &c , cash varying from £ 5 , which is about the lowest , to one case in which the loss is £ 800 . On the average , they appear- to have possessed from £ 20 to £ 40 each , and to have been parties likely to get on in their new country . — lAver )) Ool Standard .
Distress ix Hull . —A public meeting , convened by the Mayor on receipt of a requisition from the principal inhabitants , was held in the Town-hall at Hull on Monday , for the purpose of adopting some means of alleviating the large and increasing amount of distress existing in that town in consequence of the Danish blockade . Mr . J . Lee Smith , the Mayor of ihe borough was called tO the Chair , and stated that he held in his hand an authenticated document , from which it appeared that , in one part of the town only , 2 , 195 workmen were out of employment , and that upon these were dependent 8 , 780 wives and children , making a total of 10 , 975 . Mr . G .. . S . Thompson ( chairman of the working harro
men ' s committee ) presented a number of wing details of the suffering and distress prevalent in Hull . Hundreds of men , witlvlarge families , had for months past scarcely earned ' sufficient to "am a s- . ibsistence for one day per -week , lie believed ta : u there were as many as 0 , 000 men in the town not having permauent employment . Mr . Alderman Gresham stated that the receipts of the butchers , bakers , ' and numerous other classes of tradesmen had failon oft" one-half . Mr . Alderman Jones said , that during the last forty years that he had been in the retail trade'it had never been so dull as at ^ fesent , except during three weeks when the cholera raged a number of years ago . Resolutions were agreed to for the formation ol a relief committee and the raising of subscriptions , wldchtlie Mayor headed witii £ 50 ,
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SATURDAY , Juke 30 . , HOUSE . QF COMMONS . —Tliis House sat at twelve o ' clock . ' , ,, * ' The Ciiolbra wLoxDO ^ . -Mr . Fkewen asked whether tiie government had taken any precautions to secure the health of Uicmetropolis , inconsequence of-the rc-appearance of the cholera and whether any steps lial bom-taken to prevent burials in St . Margaret ' s churchyard , in the immediate vicinity of the Hous 3 . . ''*" ¦ , ,, * ' , Sir GEonoE Grev replied that the Board of Health would take every precaution which the law enabled them to do as regarded the cholera , but they did not possess the power of preventing interments in thfi dmrchvard referred to . ¦ _
ImshPoob Law . — The House then , in pursuance of the notice for which it was specially summoned to sif , resolved itself again into committee on the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill , commencing with clause 12 , enactiiw " Civil bid decree for poor rates may be filed as judgment of superior court , and have force assuch . " This clause , which , it was urged , raised . the question of the 4 i 4 ratin ? , originated a discussion in refe . eneeto evictions , and the payment of " rates by landlords for defaulting tenants , the clause ibeins ; eventually agreed to on the understandin" thit Lord John Russell would consider the subject with a view of doing justice between the two interests involved
parties whose were by limiting the time within which possession might be regained . On clause 13 being put "judgments for poor rates to have priority except in certain cases , " Lord Naas moved to limit the operation « if the clause to '" electoral divisions" instead of" unions , " which proposition , on a division , was negatived by a majority of 32 , thenumber . i 40 to 12 . This being the last debateable feature on the bill , various hon . members proposed ] clauses and provisos , _ some of which were adopted , ottters summarily rejected , and some oostponed , after which it was agreed to go on with the debateable matter on Tuesday , at twelve o'clock , And the House adjourned shortly after six o ' clock
- . j MONDAY , July 2 . HOUSE OF LORDS . —Aubtmah Affmbs .-The Marquis ofLANSDOWNE . lai ;! on the table communications made by the Austrian government , relative to the advance of the Austrian troops iiito Tuscany and the Legations , and , inrejjlyjoLord Brougham , stated that Kossuth ' s ( mtho'rity in Hungary had not been recognised , nor couid it be under exisfihg circumstances . : ¦ Entailed Estates . — The Duke of Richmond brought up the report of the select committee on
entailed estates , and presented a bill embodying the view * of 'he committee , its- object being to enable landholders to borrow money for the purpose of drainage : the nobie duke replying , in answer t » questions as to extending it .-to Ireland , that he should not object to" that-proposition ., but , sis he wished the bill to pass as quickly as possible , he had not'included Ireland , well knowing , th-t . any . bill applying to that country was not very likely to go rapidly through its stages elsewhere . ( Laugiitor . ) After a few words from the Marquis of
Londonderry , The Earl of Carlisle iritima'ed liis approval of the measure , and should be happy to give any assistance in his power in forwarding it through its remaining stages . ,.. '•¦ Lord Beaumont supported the bill , which was read a first time . Australian Colonies . —Lord Momeaglb , on presenting a petition from Sydney , New South Wales , on the subject of the proposed alteration of the constitution of the Australian Colonies , and complaining of the inefficient state of the franchise , asked whether it was the intenton of the government toprocsed with the bill in the present session . The noble lord then proceeded to propound his views on the subject of legis ' atinn for colonial rei resenta . ion , and concluded by stating , that as Earl Grey had been returned as the sole representative for Melbourne , in Port Philip , he wished to know what hi , views were on the subject .
Earl Gket would not enter into the merits of a bill not before their lordships , but proceeded to answer the observations of the noble lord , as to the course taken previously to submitting bills of this description by . thegovernment ; referred to the present state of representation in Australia , and stated from personal communications lie had had that day with some ; gentlemen connoted with thesa colonies , that he felt himself justified in assuring their lordships the passing of the bill wa . anxiously desired by them , After speeches from Lord Lyttleton and Lord Stanley urging the withdrawal of the measur ? , Earl Grey expressed his desire to avail himself of suggestions offered by the latter noble lord , but it would be matter of deep regret to himself if the bill did not pass in the present session .
Railway Accounts . —Lord Montkagw moved the second reading of the Audit of Railway Account * Bill , proposing to- take ihe debate on going into committee . The Earls of Lon sdalu and YAnnoKouGH warmly opposed the bill , the first-named noble lord moving that it be read a second time that day three months . lt „' .. After a reply from L « rd Monteagle the H"use divided , when ' the original motion was carried by a majority of 5 , the numbers 10 to 5 , wlien thu bill was read a second time , and their lordships ad-( r __ . ^ j ^ — - ^_ ^« 4 *¦ j ¦ «« r ^^ fc ^ t ^ r . _ .. _ _ . _ . _ . » with
^* ^^^ ^ ^^ HOUSE OF COMMONS . — Rupture China . —Lord Palmerstoi ., in reply to a question put bv Mr . Baii / lik , stated , with reference to the non-fulfilment by the Government of China of the stipulation to admit British subjecs into the city of Canton , that , under the circumstances alleged by the Chinese authorities , it was not the intention of Ikr Majesty ' s government to enforce the ri » ht by arms ; but , retaining the righ ' . ( which was not disputed ) , they consented to a temporary suspension of it ; and he further stated , that it was intended to ex ict from the Chinese government the execution of that article of the treaty of Nankin wh- ' ch stipulated that British subjects should be at liberty , to tarry on thtir commercial transactions in China without the
intervention of the Co-Hong . Evictions in Ikemnd . —Lord J . Russell replied to Mr . S . Crawford that the government had received and read with regret Captain Kennedy ' s reports as to evictions at Kilmsh , and while he was not aware that the law on this subject could be made more strint-ent . yet what could be done would be done to prevent evasions of the act of last session . The nMe lord then proceeded at some length to detail the course he intended to pursue with respect to public business for the remainder of the session . The measures to be postponed until next year heing the Ecclesiastical Commission Bill , the Charitable Trusts Bill , » nd perhaps others of inferior consequence .
A de-ultorv debate ensued on various points connected with the conduct of public business , at the termination of which several bills were read a third time , and tin stages of others postponed in order to make way for the debate of the evening . State of thb Nation . —Mr . Disraeli rose to move that the House would resolve itself into : « committee to consider thestate f the nation . He began by observing that the distress of this country had been progressive since the format ! -n of the present government , notwithstanding the favourable circumstances they enjoyed in the absence of an organised opposition , and in their being uncontrolled and uiicritinised . He contrasted the condition of this country
wlrn tlie present government assumed the reins of power , in 1816 , with relation to Europe , to our colonies , to Ireland , and to our finances , with its present state ,, when European tranquillity and English influence had disappeared together—when many ot our colonies were ruined , others were discontented , and some had been in insurrection—when our exporthad declined -67 , 000 , 000—when our once i-rosp , rous agriculture was pros rate—whe' > Ireland ^ was in a sfate of social decomposition—and when , instea ¦ of a surplus revenue of JJ 3 , 000 . 000 , there had been a deficiency to that amount , terminated not by an act of the Cabinet , but by the int-rference of tiiat House . Mr . Disraeli thenread official details which showed
the depression of wages and increase of pauperism among the labouring classes , whose condition he observed , was a test of the real state of the country ; an-i he insisted that it was the paramount duty-of the House not to separate without inquiring into this unprecedented and progressive decay of the country , lie appealed to the statement not only as a justification , but as an urgent cause of his motion , and he proceeded to examine the reasnn « to which he re-erred the deterioration of the population and the general decay of the country . A principal reason was the decline in the value of our foreign commerce ; aud he showed that , notwithstanding continental convulsions the qumtity of goods exported from the United Kingdom ( denoted by official value ) was equal to
that ot the great veari 1845 and 1846 ; but the dedared value of exports in these two years averaged £ 59 . 500 , 000 . but in 1848 it was only £ 53 , 00 ( 1 , 000 ; . o that our working classes , for the same quantity of goods , had received £ 6 , 500 , 000 less in 1818 than in 1845 and 1846 . From this and other facts , Mr . Disraeli argued that the principles of profitable interchange with foreign nations adopted in our new commercial theory were erroneous , rendering British labour of less exchangeable value . Othi ; r reasons were found in the state of the home market and the fall of prices , which diminished-- the- means ¦
of emp ! eyi ) H-n ; ivA in iho hsu-case ot immigration from Ireland , the result n . t of the famine , but of the policy of the governmant . In the midst of those evilsf what had been the financial proceedings of the present Mi ' -ii ^ er ? Increased expenditure- and increased taxation . - _ VU ' . Disraeli then reviewed their colonial administration—the darkest page in their history—and passed thence to their foreign policy , whicli . be maintained , whilst i - bail diminished the influence of this cctunUfy , ' had been ono of the principal causes of the continental convulsions ; and he adduced ihe case of Italy as an acampla of the principles and tii « effects of their policy . One predomi-
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nant causs , however , of our calamities was the legislation which had cbanged the principles ot our society , substituting others which as economical principles were falkcluis , whilst they destroyed that , noble spirit ' of ambition which was the source ot a nation ' s greatness , prosperity , and powur . Mr . Hume not rising to propose the amendment of which lie . liad given notice , , . The Chancellor of the Exchequer rose , m the hope tbat Mr . Hume had abandoned that amendment , to oppose the motion , which held out no roe cific remedy for the distress so eloquently described by Mr . Disraeli . That remedy was suggested in a resolution of aiecent meeting—namely , the restoracolonial
tion ofprotebion , He first vindicated the policv of the present government , showing from . plhcial returns the progressive increase of exports from the West India colonies since the adoption of tree trade principles , even ia British Guiana ; and then proceeded to the main topic—the internal state of the country . He complained of Mr . Disraeli ' s assuming its state in March , 1848 , as a test of its condition now—that period being remarkable for the high price of corn ; and he gave statistical results of the inquiries he had made in all parts of the country , whence it appeared that employment of labour was increasing , and the number of ablebodled paupers diminishing . In the manufacturing districts , the circumstances of the artisans now in full
employment , had not been so favourable in respect to wages and comforts for many years as at present , and their improved condition was apparent in the great diminution of crime . This impulse domestic industry had received from the encouragement given by a reduction of duty upon raw foreign , commodities ; and Sir Charles Wood pointed outthe fallacy of the inference drawn by Mr . Disraeli from the comparative cheapness of our exports , the quantity of which , he had admitted , had increased , and they were still increasing in quantity and value in an extraordinary degree . After extracting additional evidence of the improved condition of the labouring classes from the vast increase in the consumption of the chief articles of domestic use , and showing by a variety of returns the
success which the principles of commercial legislation lately adopted had realised , including our shippingwiiich , he contended , directly negatived the allega Mods of the member for Bucks—he turned to that part of the subject respecting which , he confessed , he could not give equally satisfactory statementsnamely , the state ' of the agricultural districts . He admitted that considerable complaint '' and alarm existed amongst farmers ; but , although the average price-of wheat for the five months ending May was only 4 . 5 s . 3 d ., during the last three years it had bcen 5 _ s . 8 * d ., and what nra . fr'be the state of the agricultural interest , if , with prices like these , farmers were , as Mr . Disraeli asserted , ruined ? Sir Charles Wood discussed at much length the action of recent
jegis ' -ation , the repeal of the c _ fn laws and the modification of the tariff , upon our agriculture , pointing out the failure of the predictions which bed threatened a superflux of foreign corn , and then applied himself to what he said was the pith of the question—namely , the condition of the agricultural labourers . He believed that in the south-west of England wages were i educed , and that there was a want of employment ; but this , he showed , was not the case in other parts , ivheiv labourers in husbandry were able to purchase with the same wages a greater amount of necessaries . He urged the farmers to follow the example of
tiie manufacturers , and by an improved system of agriculture give increased employment , whilst it would diminish the cost of production and price , thereby doubly bettering the labourer ' s condition . He argued this , question as a country gentleman—one of a class wliich could not fulfil the public duties attaching to their station unless they possessed the confidence of the great body of the people , which would be withheld if the people believed they were intent upon thfeir own interests ; and if this motion was an attempt to reverse past legislation , he trusted the House would resist it , as fatal to the best interests of tlie country and to the stability of its
institutions . Mr . Baillie supported the motion , believing that there never was a period when the state of the country more imperatively required the anxious consideration of the legislature . He had been disappointed in the effects of our free trade mea-ures , which , owing to the manner in which a sound principle whs carried out by the government , had been one of the chief causes of the existing distress , and had ruined the colonies . Mr . Roebuck observed , that if Mr . Disraeli did not mean by his motion that he was ready to take the government into his own hands , he meant nothing , lie had come forward as the head of a great party with S'ime proposals , but what they were he was " not able or not willing to tell ; the whole force of liis speech had been confined to criticism . Passing an anircated panegyric upon the public conduct
ofriir Robert Peel for the repeal of the corn laws , and adverting to the circumstances of his ejectment iron , office , when the star of Mr . Disraeli rose—he asked why the Houee should depart on this occasion from the ordinary principles of the constitution , and interrupt the business of the session to consider the state of the nation . That state was one of great hope and confidence . The deficiency of the revenue could be accounted for wi-hou . accusing the principles of free trade . He could assert authoritatively that the mercantile community was improving , and that if any part of the agricultural community w ; s . suffering , it was the landlords alone . Mr . Roebuck defended the foreign policy of the government , which , aided by the prudential legislation of Sir R . Peel , wh > U ; id made a timely concession to the intelligent wishes of the people , had preserved England in the most critical period which the world had ever
known . ' Mr . PtuMPTiiE , in supporting the motion , controverted some of the statements of Sir C . Wood and Mr . Roebuck respecting pauperism amongst the ablebodied in rural districts , which was increasing in Kent , through want of employment and tha distress of tiie farmer , owing to the adoption of free trade principles . On the motion of Mr . Si . ai . ev , the debate was adjourned until Tuesday . Several bills were advanced a stage , and the other orders having been disposed of , the House adjourned at a quarter to one o'clock . TUESDAY , Jti / r S .
HOUSE OF LORDS . —Plusdeu is India . —The Earl of Ellexbouough brought forward the claims of tho army of the Punjaub in respect to the property of the late Maharajah of Lahore . After some discussion , in which the right of the army of the Pnnjiuib to some share of the booty secured to the East India Company ' by its exertion was universally admitted , the mutter dropped . The bill for the Audit of Railway Accounts passed through committee , and was reported . Their lordships then adjourned . HOUSE OF COMMONS , —Irish Poor Law . —The House met at twelve o ' clock , and in committee resumed the consideration of the clauses proposed by way of amendment to the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill , tho discussion ot wliich continued until three o ' clock , when it was further adjourned to twelve o ' clock oji Thursday . Tho House then suspended its sitting until five o ' clock .
' MivTitoroLiTAN Police . —Lord Dudley Stuart , in a speech explanatory of the objects involved ¦ in his motion , moved " For a select committee to inquire into the manner of making the assessment in the several counties for tho maintenance of the Metropolitan police , and into the expenditure thereof ; as well as into the general administration of the force , and especially into the recent annual increased charge of upwards of £ 35 , 000 on the county of Middlesex . " The noble lord denounced the police as so many petty tyrants , and affirmed that the Metropolis could bo more effectually guarded by infinitely fewer men and at a far less cost .
Sir G . Grey thought it unnecessary to defend the police from the chargo of being so many potty tyrants , and with regard to the proposed inquiry , a similar one had already been made . Doubtless there were inequalities in the Metropolitan rating , but these , he believed , would be shortly remedied . Mr . Brothe-ston considered the whole system of police-rating unjust , and referred to Manchester as an instance , which contributed largely to the support of the Metropolitan police . Mr . Osboi-xe thought the complaint ; was not against the police , but against the inequality of the assessment by which they were paid . It was a most efficient , and , in the metropolis , well managed force . _ '¦ ' ¦ ' ¦
Sir W . Joliffe suggested alterations in the constitution and disposition of the toree . Mr . Home thought the manner of paying the force ought to be enquired into , but was of opinion the noble lord ought to satisfy himself with moving for returns , with tho intention of renewing the present motion in the next session , when he hoped tho government would agree to it . Sir Db Lj-ctc Evans said that the present system Of assessing for the police rates was very unfair- ; for even if 2 d . or 3 d . in the pound would suffice the act required 6 d . to be collected . An inquiry was
absolutely requisite , and ho should certainly support any proposal to that effect . At the same time he hoped the noble lord , seeing what the feeling of the House on the subject was , would withdraw nis motion and renew it next session . ¦ Sir 6 . Grey denied the necessity for so doing . 1 Sir J . W . Hogg accused Sir O . Grey of a breach of faith in- -withdrawing thu bill for reducing the rate from Ud . to 5 d . ; and reminded Mr . Brotherton that the police of tho Metropolis were detached from thence to any part of England on any
omergenoy arising . Sir George Grey replied that when such was the case their expouaos wove paid by theplacos to which they were soul .. Measures had been taken lately , to equalise tho rate over the various parishes in the Metropolis . The house then divided— ; ' For the motion ... ... ... 28 Against it 137 Majority ... , »— . 109
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, . THE PEOPLE'S GHARTEB . Petitions in favour of the Charter were presented by Mr . J . Ellis , from Leicester ; - -Mr . W . Patijsx , several from Preston ; Mr .-Villiehs , from Wolverhanipton ; Mr . Cobdek , from places in Yorkshire ; Capt . Pkc hbll , from Brighton ; Lord Se ' aiiam , from Durham ; Sir J . Walmsley , from . Bolton j'LordD . Stuart , from St . Pancras aiid-Sorrrcr .. Town ; Mi-G-. Thompson , from the Tower Hamlets ; and by Mr . Ricardo , Mr . Mustz , Mr . Heald , and Mr . W . J . Fox . After ' present-r ig several petitions :
Mr , O'Connor said , that he was aware of the great disadvantages which he had to contend against , as an independent member , in submitting so large a proposition to the British parliament . Many appeals had been made to him to withdraw his proposition , in order that the debate upon that of the hon . member for Buckinghamshire might be resumed . But if one reason stronger than another could be urged in favour of his proposition , it was the assertion of the hon . member for Buckinghamshire , in wliich he stated that the main object of his proposition was to secure such a system
of legislation as would do justice to all classes . ( Hear , hear . ) And as he ( Mr . O'Connor ) saw no other possible means of accomplishing this object except by t he enfranchisement of all classes , he felt himself not only justified , hut called upon to persevere . ( Hear , hear . ) Another argument that might be urged , and probably would be urged , against his proposition , was the recent debate upon the motion of the hon . member for Montrose ; but he must remind the House that the motion of that hon . member was but the reflex of the mind of a class , whilo his motion represented the views
and principles of a majority of the nation ; but he had a stronger inducement and a greater justification , if any was needed , for submitting his proposition . It was that , in his opinion , every question discussed out of doors should be sessionally discussed within those walls . ( Hear , hear . ) And for the simple reason , that if those principles were untenable and could not be sustained by argument ; if they were but the mere Utopias of wild theorists , it was the duty of that House to meet them by argument , to dissolve the delusion and develope the truth ; while , upon the other hand , the resort to brute force for the suppression of any opinion ,
however visionary , but tended to rivet those principles and opinions more deeply in the minds of the people . ( Hear , hear . ) The peop le of this country have witnessed three great changes within the last twenty years—Emancipation , Reform , and Free Trade , and from each of which they were promised great social advantages , but from none of which had they derived a particle of social benefit . Emancipation promised the Catholic religious equality , while the church steeple still constitutes the conqueror ' s trophy and the Catholic ' s badge of slavery , who still has to pay tribute to the conquering church . Reform promised such national benefits that the nation was roused to
madness for its achievment , while all have been disappointed in its result ; and as to Free Trade , he should abstain from commenting upon that measure , lest a word of excitement falling from him might justify the opposition of those who professed to bo the friends of the working classes . ( Hear , hear . ) He had no doubt that many hon . members would be much disappointedby the speech , as tHey anticipated a violent tirade-discursive , not consecutive orsusceptible of analysis—but it was his determination that no exciting feelings of his should damage the cause of his clients . ( Hear , hear . )
From " those three changes , then , the people had derived not a particle of benefit , and they were now resolved upon contending only for those political advantages which would lead to the anticipated social end . ( Hear , hear . ) If a modicum of justice had been done to the people—if timely and prudent concessions had been made to Catholics and Reformers , Emancipation and Reform might have been deferred . If Gratton and Old Sarum had been disfranchised , and Manchester , Birmingham , and other large towns enfranchised , that fury and excitement wliich made a large demand ,
and led to more extensive concessions , might have been delayed , and this is the inevitable consequence of -withholding from justice until you are at length compelled to surrender to fear . ( Hear , hear . ) The people of this country are gaining wisdom by the hour . There is knowledge upon every passing breeze , and they have discovered " that admirals and captains , in the navy ; generals , colonels , majors , captains , and lieutenants , " in the army ; merchants , bankers , traders , manufacturers , landlords , shopkeepers , and last , not least , lawyers , though antagonist to one another , are arrayed
in deadly hostility against those upon whose industry all live and thrive , and grow rich ; while , as labour is not only the real source , but the only source , of wealth , if labourers or their representatives were admitted into that House , it would be impossible for them justly to represent themselves without justly representing all other classes , aud thus making the rich richer , and the poor rich . ( Hear , hear . ) And here he must beg to dissent from a proposition of the hon . member for Buckinghamshire . That hon . gentleman in developing , or , rather , shadowing , tho labour
question , said that his object was to secure the profits of labour . to tho employer , while his ( Mr . O'Connor ' s ) object was to secure it to the labourer himself , and make him the first partaker of tho fruits of his own industry . ( Hear , hear . ) [ Here Mr . Bellew and the Solicitor-General for Scotland were engaged in a buzzing conversation upon the Treasury bench , when Mr . O'Connor observed , that if his arguments were unpalatable to those gentlemen , they need not listen to them , but he requested that they would not interrupt him , ] The noble
lord may urge the absence of a monster petition as an argument against the present motion , whereas that was no indication of popular apathy , but the strongest sign of disgust for , and no confidence in , that House . He had received letters from Birmingham and other largo towns , expressing the'determination of the people never to petition that House again . His Birmingham correspondent stated that the iron-handed men of Birmingham had determined to watch events and " bide their time ;" andthe noble lord now would find it difficult to recruit them under the banner of Tom
Young , of the Home Office . ( Cheers and laughter . ) He thought that his speech was too drowsy , and had sent the noble lord to sleep , but he was glad to find that the magic name of " Tom Young ? 'had roused him . But , if he wanted stronger proof of the justification of the people not petitioning that House , he could furnish it from the conduct of the noble lord the member for Hertford . Now , what was the only poor privilege allowed to nonelectors ? Was it-not that of petitioning that House , and making their grievances and their wishes known to that House , and would not
tho denial of that privilege be the strongest justification for resorting to . other and . more desperate remedies ? A petition was sent to the noble lord—he returned it indignantly— -stated that he could not acquiesce in its prayerthereby convincing tho people tbat every channel of complaint was closed against them . Again , how was their petition treated last year by tho noble lord ? Why , in the laaguage of the despot of old , he
exclaimed" 111 hear no more . I know ye , well I know ye , ye base suppliants . Fear is the only . worship of your souls , and ever whore ye hate Yo yield oocisance . Wretches , shall I go , poring on .-. thooarth , - , -.. ¦ . .. .. . Lest ray ministerial foot should tread on ommets ? Is it for you I must control my soldier , . And coop my eagles from their carrion ? No ! Are ye ' uot commoners , vile'things in nature . ? Poor priceless peasants , out of my sight !" . ;
That , sir , Avas the .. " way the people s petition was treated last year , and that is tho cause of the absence of petitions this year . ( Hear , hear . ) How differently , the petitions of the poor are treated when they petition for the poor and when they petition for the rich .
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When they petitioned for emancipation , reform , or free trade , at so much a sheet , they * had able advocates in that House to defend them if their authenticity was arraigned , while the man who presented the petition of the people was a target for all to fire at , ' and ' -must vouch for the respectability of every petitioner As the state of France may be urged as an argument against his proposition , and as he wished to anticipate those quibbles , let it be understood that the state of France and the
attempted transition from despotic to free institutions in other countries , was the strongest and most powerful argument in favour of timely and prudent concessions being made to the people of this country . In France , there was a censorship upon tho press—there was a total suppression of public opinion , and a great change came with a hop , step , and jump upon a people whose minds had not been prepared for it . Not so in England , however , as , deny it Avho might , the mind of the English people was in advance of all oilier nations upon earth , and was better prepared to turn any change , however sweeping , to national advantage . Reformation was said to be the parent of revolution ; while , in reality , the denial of reformation was the inevitable cause of revolution .
But if the state of Franco should be urged , let it be borne in mind , that they had had three elections in that country—two for an Assembly , and one for a President ; and notwithstanding the antagonism of opinion , those contests were conducted in perfect tranquillity ; while , as he had predicted , it was the developcmcnt of the improved mind , manifested in the second Assembly , that roused the fears of the aristocracy , and it was they who created tho alarm . ( Hear , hear . ) The Prime Minister of the special-constable President created the revolution of 1848 , and violated the
constitution in 1849 b y the invasion of the Roman Rejmblic . ( Hear , hear . ) The Chancellor of the Exchequer last night exulted in tho fraternity which existed between the French and English nations . . What an anomaly ; when your Attorney-General i 3 prosecuting political offenders at home , you are fraternising with a rebel—a fugitive—a special-constable President—and now boast that he is your faithful ally ! He would now developo , seriatim , the several points contained in the People's Charter ; and lest it may be supposed that that document was the embodiment of
wild and visionary schemes and theories of his own , ho begged to present to the House the original document , drawn up by Daniel O'Council , and bearing his signature , as well as that of the hon . member for Ashton-nnder-Lyne—Charles Hindley , William Sharman Crawford , Thomas Wakley , Peyronet Thompson , and John Arthur Roebuck , accepting the propositions with a slight variation of opinion as to a preference for triennial to annual parliaments . For himself , he would prefer annual parliaments to any or
all the principles embodied in the People ' s Charter ; and for this simple reason , that then representatives would bo elected whose opinions would be framed upon existing circumstances . Important questions would not then be decided by small majorities , in spite of any feeling that existed throughoutthe country , however universal that feeling might be , whicji certainly would not be tho case if there wore annual parliaments , for then the minds of the constituencies of the kingdom would be developed , and members would have to bow to the wills of those constituencies and the
electors could compare notes with their representatives for a single session , while they find it difficult to keep a seven years' account . ( Hear , hear . ) , The noble lord used tho argument against the proposition for triennial parliaments , that there had , since the passing of the Reform Bill , been elections even more frequent than every three years . But that was an argument to which he ( Mr . O'Connor ) could not subscribe , because , although there might have been elections every three years they broke down suddenly , the country was appealed to upon some vague proposition ,
while the laws made during the two years and a half remained upon the statute book . " When the dissolution was anticipated , lion , gentlemen catered for popular support by professions of popular principles—they made their hustings' speech—they qualified past errors by promise of repentance , but with the renewal of trust they relapsed into former antagonism . Let him instance it b y this fact : In 1841—when tho dissolution was suddenly proclaimed —the liberation of all political offenders was submitted to that House , and was only negatived by the casting vote of tho Speaker ; whereas the question was extinguished and
buried as soon as that trust was renewed . ( Hear , hear . ) But lie would base it upon a more extensive argument . It was this ; what could be more ridiculous than the presumption , that in this age of progress , the man selected to represent the mind of to-day should be capablo of representing the mind of this day seven years ; and was it not an admitted fact , that , in the commercial distress of last year , many qualified electors became bankrupt , and many whose votes constituted the majority of hon . members having seats in that House , had become paupers , and , by the law , were
disqualified ? But , to turn to Ireland , they found that country representing dead men . ( Hear , hear . ) The object of the House should bo critically to understand the opinion of the day , aud to make laws in unison with that opinion , and then you would have legislation one whole piece of political mechanism , harmonising with and representing the mind of the country , instead of , as now , a kind of patch-work thing , composed of repugnant and irreconcilable fragments . Hero a bit of temporal legislation—here a bit of spiritual—hero a bit of commercial—here a bit of agricultural—and all whimsical ; here a .
bit to tickle the Protestant—there a bit to tickle tho Catholic—hero a hit to win the Dissenter—and there a bit to tickle the Jew ; and , speaking of the Jew — as he was for opening the House to all , he rejoiced to learn that Baron Rothschild was again the colleague of the noble lord , aud tho representative of the wealthiest city— -London . ( Hear , hear , and loud cheers . ) Some hon . gentlemen- repudiated annual parliaments in consequence of the confusion that might result ; the tranquillity that prevailed iu France amongst an excited people was ,
howevor , an irrefutable answer to such an argument ; while tho fact that no constituency would dismiss a faithful servant , was a still stronger argument , while one who had dishonoured his trust would receive but little countenance from hia employers . Could he instance a stronger argument in favour of annual parliaments , than tho fact of both of the members for Sheffield being requested to resign a trust which , in tho opinion of thoso who voted for them , they " had violated ? According to the present system , the programme of th& session was foreshadowed in a
kind of play bill—no constituency knows to what their representative should he pledged , because non& know what propositions will be submitted to them ; whereas with annual par * liaments , those playbills containing the programme-of the session should he distributed a month before the proceedings commenced , thus affording tho constituencies an opportunity of testing the several candidates upon the several propositions . For himself , lie would bo sorry'to see even a' Cliartist parliament
sitting for seven years , as the temptations are so great that the acts would lead to public dis * appointment . ( Hear , hear . ) Lot him instance the question of free trade ; a-majorit y of that House was returned in 1841 upon the principle of . protection , aud without testing public opinion as to the change it might have undergone , the right hon . baronet , the member for Tamworth , assuming a kind of dictatorship over the public mind , carried a measure in direct opposition to that public opinion I > y the
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 7, 1849, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1529/page/6/
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