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TEE KQRTSEM STAR SATURDAY, AVaVST 4, 1849.
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"DEiTISH EilPUlE FREEHOLD LAND AND BUILDING SOCIETY. X) On an Advance ybur Kent is Saved,—yon become your own land and Householder.
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¦ -cr®0rowo!i!vm0.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Falrous . —T . S . Bcscombe , Esq .. 3 ii > . t . Wakiet , Ese ., Jf . r . B , S . Cabbbui , Esq ., M . F . L . J . Hansard , Esq ., M . P . Banter * . —The Commercial Bank of London ( Branch ) , 6 , Henrietta Street , Covent Garden . I / jn&m Qffice . — . No . 13 , Tottenham Court , XewBuad , St Pancras , London . ^ Daniel Woham Itrarr , Secretary . ¦ *" Abbaxged re Thbee Sections . —Value of Shares and Payments for Investors . Fall Share . £ l- ' 0—payment of 2 s . Sd . ^ Week , or 10 s . Gd . per Month . IlalfShare .. .. C « — 1 2 J ¦ — ¦ 5 3 _ Quarter Share .. 30 — 0 7 j — ^ 8 — Applicants are requested to state in their form the Section they desire to lie a Member of . Xo SC&VESUUS SoucrroBS or He » ekit 3 » s Pees . — The present Entrance Pee , ineludm Certificate , Uules , < fcc , is * S . ' per Share , and i ' s . fid , for any part of a Share . Price of Uules , including Postage , Is . OBJECTS . jst . _ To enable members to build Dwelling Houses . 5 th , —To give to Depositing Members a higher rate of In-• joi t « ««• ^ ? iiDTOoancnfTmrohsisin '' both Freehold Urest * an ls yielded by ordinary modes of investment 2 nl-10 ^^ J * ™^^?^ 15111 - 6 tu .-To enableTarents to make Endowments for their and Leasehold Properties or Land . _ Chadrea i or Hu , Ws for their w for Marrfa 3 rd—To advance Morigases on Property Held by Settlements . members . 7 th . —To purchase a piece of Freehold Land of sufficient 4 jj L _ To enable Mortgagors being members to redeem value to give a legal title to a County Vote for Members of \ w Mortgages . Parliamettt . Sscnos L Bv joining this section ercry person in town or country can become the proprietor ofa House and Land in hk can neighbourhood , without being removed from his friends , connexions , or the present means himself and family max liavi- of gaining aliTelmood . SectiosIL—To raise a capital by snares to purchase Estates , erect Dwellings thereon , and divide the Land into allotments from half-an-acre upwards , jn or near the towns of the various branches of the society . The property to be the bjnande freehold of the member after a term of years , from the date of location , according * o his subscriptions . Section IIL—Saving or Deposit section , in which members not wishing to purchase are enabled to invest small sums , receiving interest at the rate ef five per cent per annmn , on every sum of 10 s . aud upwards so deposited . ~ £ B . — £ 509 win be aa » ance < 3 to the menu >« - 'rs of the first Section in November next , when aU persons who have and may become members for Shares , or parts of Shares , on or htibre the 4 th of July nest , and who pay six months' subscr ipfions in advance , or otherwise , will be eligible for an advance .
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HUXGARY AND THE COSSACKS ! 3 ST EVJEBY PEESOX TOSHISG XO VSPERSTiXD THE OHIG 1 N OP TBS MIGHTS irOSGARIJlX STUCGGLE , SHOULD HEAD XO . TO . OF THE " BEMOCIUTIC HEYIEW . "
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KOW READY "WITH THE MAGAZINES FOR AUGCSf , Xo . HL of - THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW Of S 2 ITIS 1 I and P 0 KE 1 CN POLITICS , mSXOllY and UTfiUAimtE . Editea 1 > j G . JCITAX HAKSET . contests : 1 . The Editor ' s letter to the Working Classes . 2 . IhcHise and Progress of the Hungarian Struggle . 1 ' artl . 3 . Oar Inheritance : The Land common Troparty . Letter IIL •* . labour ' s Wrongs . 5 . The Ten Hoars UilL 6 . social Reform : Principles and Projects of Louis Ulanc " . The new Crusade ; Sublime Proclamation of the Hungarian Government 8 . Clarence Alangan , the patriotic Irish Poet
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Fqbti Pages ( in a coloured wrapper ) , Pbice TBBBBPBSCB . Published at the Office , 5 , Wine Office-court , Fleet-street , london : and to be had ( on order ) of all Booksellers and Kews Agents in Town and Country .
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Well did the July number of the Democratic Review exclaini : — "Is it not infamous , O Englishmen ! thatyou hare war ships rotting in vour harbours , and those ships not sent to save the gallant cities of Italy ? "Why do you not ihnnder in the ears of your rulers to send English cannon to the help of our brothers . ! " With pleasure have ive transferred those noble sentiments to our columns ; and ire lieartily concur with every syllable . — ffeckly JJispateh . The Editor of the Jjemocratii JfUmeu boldly , manfully , dnd u-iihout fear orfcvour , combats for right against pri-Filese , and for freedom against monopoly . —JV ' ortA and Soutli Shields Gazette We . hope the Democratic Ilcciew will attain the eminence of being the accredited organ of the Democracy . It is In firithful hands . —The Ileasmer . LetCia OmtocratieJleeUui pursue nnflincuingly its present course , and it cannot fail to obtain the sympathies aud liearty support of those whose cause It so boldly advocates . -ifcwnoKs ' s ifisce&anv . ' Honour . ' say Tre , to ' the Editor of the " Demwalic He-Xieto , "—we look up to him as the champion of our cause , SUid ive give him our heartfelt thanks , trusting our readers ts 3 l give it their most strenuous support . —Uxbridge SpiritofFreedom .
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res cheapest EBrnox eves rcBLisnED . Price Is . CO ., A new and elegant edition , -rath Steel Plate of the Author , of PAfNE'S POLITICAL WORKS .
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Now Ready , a Neiv Edition of » B . Q'GQKHQR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS
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THE LABOURER MAGAZINE . Vols . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , may still be had , neatly fcound , price 2 s . ( 5 d . each Xo . 4 , the Kumber containing Ma . O'Covsotfs Treatise on ihe Ifationai Land Company ;" So . 10 , the one containing 31 k . O'Coxsob ' s Treatise 6 On the National Land and Labour Bank connection vith the Land Company : "Have lately been reprinted , and may be had on applicati on , Price 6 d . each . Imperfections of the ' Labourer Magazine' may still be ] Ud at the Publishers .
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Just published , No's . I ., H ., and III ., Price Sixfesce Each , OF THE COMMONWEALTH .
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Sold by J . Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster ton , -London ; A . Heyivood , Oldbam-street , Juanchesterr » nd Lore and Co ., 5 , ^ Ason-strect , Glas ^ otv . And by all Booksellers in Town and Country .
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RUPTDBES EFFECTUALLY CUBED TVTTHOUT ATRVSS ' . ll T \ R . GXJTHRET having been eminently * - * ¦ ' successful in the cure of ruptures , now offers hL remed y to the public . In every case of rupture , howevei oesperate or long standing , a cure is guaranteed tvithou : 2 be use of any truss -whatever . It is easy and simple in iPwfccflj painless , and especially applicable to both sexes « , f au ages . Sent free on receipt of Gs ., bvPost Office order or stamps , feyDr . Henet Gdthbct , 6 , AniptonfiUOne . ^ ! Mna -r <» d . London . At home daily , Ten «^» " ? iw ^ nf etttesfi »}< HHals ftom all the most emixtfiSft ^^^ ft itSissss
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ON SALE , \ A FOUK-ACEE PAID-TJP SHARE » v u Terms reasonable . AH }» hfiaboas , post paid , to be aSdresecd to " Vr B v-i . ' & £ & * - ** " * " * * ° ^«> M £ &S 4
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rpHE REAL CAUSES OF THE -L Poverty and Degradation suffered by ^ the masses m all European countries is—private property in land ; the shutting out of the worldng classes from the advantages of national credit ; a restricted and usury-breeding currencv and the want of an eguitable system of exchange nmvng the wealth producers . Believing these facts , the Eclectic Club , meeting at 72 , Kewman-3 treet , earnestly invite public attention to the political and social ' "REFORMER , " Price , One Penny . Published every week by Ticlcerg , Holywell-street , Edited iy J . B . O'Bbiex , B . A . ; who also developes the same tows in lectures every Friday evening , at the Institution , John-street , and at Tl , New inau-street , on Sunday evenings , at ekht o ' clock .
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^ OMERS TOWN BRANC H OF THE O National Land Company . The shareholders of this branch aie requested to attend a general meeting on Sunday evening , August 5 th , at the Bricklayers' Arms , Ton . bridge-streeti New-road , on important business ,
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RECEIPTS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPAN / , For the Week Ending Thursday , August 2 , 1849 . SHARES . £ s . d . £ s . d . Nottingham .. 0 2 0 C . Movrl .. 0 10 Lynn .. 0 12 0 J . Yigurs .. 0 5 0 Bochdale .. 138 — . Birmingham .. 073 £ 2 18 11 G . H . Chatwin .. 0 2 0 wSn MONIES RECEIVED FOR THE PURCgASS OF MATH 0 N . G . H .. Iceas .. 10 O O P . S ., Leamingtou 24 10 0 J . B . jFarringdon 100 0 0 £ 13 * 10 0 TOTALS . Land Fund ... 2 18 11 Expense ditto ... ... ... 0 10 Mathon ... ... ... ... 134 10 0 Loan ditto ... ... ... 0 10 Transfers ... ... ... ... 0 10 £ 137 11 11 Vf . Dixox , C . Losxb , ———T . Clabk , Cor . Sec . P . M'Grath , Fin . Sec .
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NOTICE . John Arnott having resigned his office as Secretary , Mr . Samuel Boonham has been unanimously elected as his successor ; therefore it is requested that all monies and communications relative to the above fund , for the future , be addressed to Mr . Boonham , at the Land Office , 144 , High Holborn , and all Post Office-orders made payable to him , at the Bloomsbury post Office ,
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Mr J Mathiis . — We cannot insert your address until we know you are authorised to receive subscriptions by the Chartists of the east of London . ¦ , Mn Mathias Scbaoq , secretary to the committee at Stockport lias received one shilling from W . Morris , of Tintwistle . forMr . John West . ¦ : J Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums , ' sent herewith , viz . :-Fon the Victim Fond . —From Mr . Burgiu , lsGd ; Mr . Richardson , 6 d ; Mr . Brown , 8 d ; The Colonel Hutehinson , 3 s . Foe Macnaiub& ' s Defence Fond . —Mr . R . Hawksley , fid ; Two Friends , Is ; Mr . Chipindalc , 6 d . Fob Cuffay and Otheks . —Froin the Colonel Hutchinson , 5 s ; King of the French , 7 d ; Victoria Tavern , New Lenton , 3 s ; Ranclifib Anns , Is ; Seven Stars , 5 s 6 d ; Eagle Tavern , Is 6 d . TheKibkdale ChaktistPbiso . vebs . —^ Ve are very sorrj that press of matter prevented the publication of tire letter of Messrs . leach , White , Donovan , and W « st , in last Saturday ' s Star . . It appears in this day ' s paper , in our 7 th
isrlhe following letter arrived too late last week for us to comply with the writer ' s request . We trust that his col leagues , or , at any rate , some of them , will yet follow hia sensible course ; better late than never : — " Dear Habney , —WiJ ! you oblige me by omitting my name , when you publish the letter of the Slauchester'Couneil in the Northern Star , as I cannot , after jour judicious remarks in the last number of the Star , conscientiously subscribe tothecontentgofthe before mentioned letter . Hoping you will grant this request , —I remain ; yours , iu the cause , John Jackson , secretary . — . P . 8 . For the satisfaction of all parties , you can make this public through the medium of the Star . J . J . —Heyrod-street , Ancoats , . JL K . Hexwood . —We cannot answer your question , The Communications from Dorking - it . Brook , Huddersfield ; 1 ) . llobinson , Paisley , < fcc ., must stand over . : CnARTEnvuiE , Falkiek , and Bbistod . —It being impossible to find room for the letters from those places , we have forwarded them to the Land Directors .
PoMftY . —Several poetical contributions hare come to hand , for which we cannot find room . A . B . MXETT , Dundee . —It is intended to reprint No . 1 . 1 * . B . Huxrrr must apply to the clerk . The Editor lias nothing to do with the advertisements . . - ¦ '
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MR . GEORGE HENRY SMITH , AND THE KIRKDALE PRISONERS . Last week I handed the letter of George Henry Smith , which appears in this week ' s " Star , ' * to the printer for insertion . It' was set up . in type , as was also a letter ; from the Kirkdale Prisoners , but both were withheld for want of space , and so much were our columns pressed upon , that the "Parliamentary Review" for the week did not appear in the
First Edition . I state this much for my own satisfaction , and now I beg to state that I have received a most impertinent letter from . Mr . Smith this week , threatening to bring an action for libel against me for the publication of the complaints of the Kirkdale Prisoners . My answer to that is , that he may do his test —or rather his worst—and if I had not promised him to publish hia reply , and if that reply was not id type , not a , word of it should appear . Feargus O'Connor . < ' i <
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PORTRAIT OF KOSSUTH , THE HUNGARIAN CHIEFTAIN . We have succeeded in procuring a life-likeness of the noble Kossuth . It is now in course of progress , and specimens , to which a fac simile of the autograph of the Chieftain will be attached , will be in the jjossession of our Agents on the 18 th inst . * 1 <
Tee Kqrtsem Star Saturday, Avavst 4, 1849.
TEE KQRTSEM STAR SATURDAY , AVaVST 4 , 1849 .
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A NEW EL DORADO . Ahnostat our own doors , and within the confines of the home empire , a region has been discovered , the wealth of which far exceeds the value of all the gold placers of California . Strangely , too , this almost illimitable wealth lias , hitherto , boon considered a griovous drawback from the natural value of the country in which it is found . Everybody has heard of the " bogs" oflreland . According to the best authorities one-fourth of Ireland is bogand numerous have been the plans for its reclamation from a state of sterility , all of which have been abandoned on account of the cost audthe supposed hopeless nature of the undertaking . \ ^ i -
Wonderful , however , are the powers , great the virtues , of modern science . These dreary and valueless wastes have been discovered to contain a great number of articles of the utmost value . By a cheap and easy chemical process the bog is converted into carbonate of ammonia , soda , vinegar , naptha , candles , camphine oil , common oil , gas , and ashes . ' The 0 'Gorman Mahon threw anew light on the Irish question on Friday se ' nnight , when he introduced this subject . It was a welcome relief , even from its novelty , to the oft-repeated platitudes , empty declamations , impracticable suggestions , and querulous complaints which usually go to make up an Irish debate . It is , indeed , quite a novelty , and a high treat at the same time , to find the House of Commons considering practical business .
Apparently aware that the scepticism of ignorance is not easily removed , and that nothing short of ocular proof will serve the purpose with the majority of those ignorant of the magical changes effected by science , the 0 ' Gorman Mahon provided himself with , a candle , made from the bog . It was pure as the purest wax—in fact , a superior kind of spermaceti , and when lighted gave a beautii ' ul deal white flame . It was curious to see Ministers and Members handing round the discovery , and to watch the doubtful , puzzled , yet half-convinced air with which they listened to the recital of the facts we are about to recapitulate . ' 1
An eminent chemist , named Owen , has , in . conjunction with a Mr . Khys , turned his attention to the chemical composition of these bogs , during the last year or so , and has discovered that they will produce all the articleswe have already enumerated . He called the attention of the O ' Gorman Mahon to the subject , with the view of having it brought before the Government and Parliament , for the benefit of Ireland . That hon . gentleman seemed to think that such marvellous statements required corroboration , and , therefore , called on Lord Ashley for his testimony on the matter , whereupon his lordship rose and
Gave his cordial testimony that a more religious or high " minded man than Mr . Oiven it had never been his good fortune to know . The statement just made by the hon . member , however incredible it might appear , was not a theory , and Mr . Owen sought no reward save that of promoting the welfare of Ireland . The statement which he had to make to the House was as follows : —The extraction of 100 tons of peat in Ireland would cost 81 .: the labour of chemically converting it would cost about 81 . more ; and the product would be the following substances : carbonate of ammonia , 2 , G 021 bs ., value 321 . 10 s . 2 d . ; soda , 2 , U 81 bs ,, value 81 . lGs . Gd . ; vinegar , COOlbs ., value 11 . 10 s . naptha , thirty gallons , value 11 . 10 s . ; candles—that was , the stuff of which candles were constructed—COOlbs ., value 171 , 10 b . ; camphineoil , CQOlbs ., value 51 . ; common oil , 80 Qtt ) S ,, \ alue 3 ! . Cs . Bd . ; gas , to the value of 81 ., and ashe 8 to the value of U . 13 s . ; total value , 911 . l « s . Sd .. It appeared , then . ;
from this calculation , that for MM . expended in raw material and labour—or take a wide margin , and say 201 ., a return of more than 905 . would be realised . And these were not mere theoretical results . Mr . Owen had already operated upon hundreds and hundreds of tons of peat , and ho was ready to stake his character and his fortune npon the accuracy of his experiments ; and the advantage was not confined to the extraction of the substances in question from the peat . When the superincumbent layer of that substance was cleared away , the soil beneath was found to be fruitful beyond all expression , having been for ages absolutely saturated with ammonia . ' He did not wish , entire as was his confidence in Mr . Owen , that the House should accept the statement which it had just heard without a certain degree of reservation ; but if only one-half of tlio results which he had indicated were to be realised , the effect ¦ svo u'd be most extraordinary and beneficial . '
The essential value of this statement is , that it is not a speculative one , but the result of actual experiment ; and , also , that the calculation , as to the price of the various articles , is in every instance considerably below the present market price . This , however , is judicious , because if capital should be largely attracted to this manufacture of bog into so many articles of general use , the increased supply would inevitably cause a fall in their exchangeable value . By the present calculation , the oil from Irish peat can be given at 40 / . a ton , which now costs the manufacturers of this country 95 Z . a ton . The iodine which now costs 17 J . a ton , could be purchased for 5 J . and there would be an equal reduction in other articles .
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tin » j 4 ** ** ¦ •• - • I , y - - - - MM ^—^— - —— ¦¦¦—*— ""^^^ TtS . . Here , then , at the moment when it is rnoa ' needed—when English cap italists are looking to Ireland to see in what way they may , most safely invest monoy , and at the same time benefit the country , we have a discovery which—if vigorously carried out—will do more in five ¦ years to banish pauperism , disease , idleness , and misery from Ireland , than all the exertions of Cabinets or Parliaments could do for a century . Only think of fifty square miles of candles ly ing under the feet , ready for the pulling up ; the ocean of oil of that dimensions : to say nothing of the iodine ,, and the d for the .
vinegar ! The every-day deman whole of these articles , and the manner in which an increased consumption might be promoted in other countries , by their exportation at reasonable prices , opens at once an almost inexhaustible market , in which the capitalist and the labourer may each immediately reap a rich - reward . Speaking of the exceedingly moderate prices by which a return of upwards of 350 per cent , is to be gained upon the outlay in this matter , we may mention , that Mr . O'Connor , states that he should be glad to give 5 ? . for tho ashes—for agricultural purposes — which are set down at 11 , 13 s .. only .
Bnt , in addition to the large and profitable Labour market which the discovery opens up for immediate occupation , there must be taken into account the immense accession of fertile territory which these chemical processes will place at the disposal of the Government . and the people—the insane and cruel crotchets of the Emigration-mongers are effectually demolished . There will be no need , for centuries to come , to expatriate the population to foreign shores , in search of that bread which can be created at home b y their own honest industry . It will be as real an augmentation to our arable surface , as if a slice of Australia , or New' Zealand , ' or Wisconsin , fifty square miles ia size , had been cut off , brought over here and sriugly joined to our own shores . '
The question presents itself in a shape which is sure to attract so eminently practical , and , withal , so speculative a race as Englishmen . "We noticed particularly ^ the earnest attention which Mr . Bright paid to the details of the statements we have given , and also that close conversation succeeded between that hon . member and Lord Ashley at its close . The Queen is about to be received with triumphal arches , flags , shouts , and all the usual unreasoning clamour and silly pageantry which accompanies royal visits Poor Paddy , forgetting his potato ' rot—his rebellion—his expatriated friends—asd the decimation of the population—will throw his
ragged arms about and vaciferate lustily m acknowledgment of the . hono' / r conferred upon him . We have no wish to detract from the ceremonies or the popular enthusiasm with which a Royal visit should be accompanied , and especially in the case of a Queen who has by her judicious public conduct , and especially by the excellence of her domestic virtues , acquired the personal respect of every class of the population . But we do say , that whatevevhonouvsmay , orought to fee paid toiler as a Sovereign , a thousandfold greater are due to the man whose intelligence , scientific knowledge and persevering industry , has thu g opened up for Ireland a source of immediate and permanently increasing prosperity .
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . After sitting precisely six months , Parliament was prorogued on Wednesday . The hurried and helter-skelter style in which it rushed through business during the last three weeks , was the very antipodes of the listless , lazy , do-nothing spirit in which it dawdled through the first three months . Previous to its opening great things were expected from it in the way of Financial Reform . If nothing very large could be immediatel y effected , it was , at least , believed
that the lunancial Reform party would malce a vigorous fight on behalf of the famous Ten Million Budget of Mr . Cobden . . There was noise and vapouring enough made about it out of doors , and , according to the newspaper organs of the party , the foundation was certain to be laid for an improved and reall y economical financial system . What is the result ? The popular party , par excellence , in their own estimation , have utterly broken down they have achieved nothing , either because they were not in earnest , or because they were ignorant of the manner in which
their energies could have been successfully directed towards the accomplishment of the end in view . Mr . Cobden , himself , made a hesitating half-hearted speech , in which his out-door budget dwindled into a very ordinary motion about reductions as soon as they were practicable , his supporters caught the infection , and so during the Session the Taxation Question has been really shelved—there have been " . talks" about it , but that is all , and of these talks not a few originated from the Opposition and Tory benches . One of the latter concluded with a division in favour of economy—a victory
which , its professed advocates have yet to achieve . Yet if the eighty members or thereabouts who are supposed to constitute the Radical party in the House of Commons , were in earnest , nothing would be more easy than for them to enforce real economy , and effect immediate and genuine reductions . Such a large section of the House , by availing itself of every legitimate and constitutional mode of stopping all other business until the money question was fairly gone into , would soon bring any Government to its knees . Instead of doing as was done this Session , voting the Supplies
piecemeal , and waiting patiently till near its close for the annual statement of the financial condition of the country , they might have insisted that it should have precedence of all other business , and if they were sincere in their belief that 10 , 000 , 000 Z . could really be saved , they ought to have shown that sincerity by proposing these reductions , and resolutely dividing the House upon them in every possible shape and form . This , however , they have not done and consequently we arc fairly justified to say that their Parliamentary campaign has been a complete failure .
Their exertions in favour of a moderate and limited amount of Parliamentary Reform have been characterised by the same want of earnestness and determination , and of course with the sameresults . If Mr . CouDENiheanstomaintain his position as a leading public man he must show more courage and generalship than he has done this Session . There is alread y a very general impression abroad , that the
Anti-Corn Law agitation " used him up , " and that having succeeded with his one favourite crotchet , he has not another valuable or practical idea in his head . Be this true or false it will become the duty of the party of which he is one of the leaders , and of which Mr . Joseph Hume is the nominal head , to deliberate seriously during the recess as to the means whereby their energies can be more practically and successfully directed next year .
The Protectionist party , first under a kind of Triumvirate , and latterly . under the leadership of Disraeli , has as completely broken down as their Free Trade opponents . Lord George Bektinck ' s earnestness , energy , perseverance , and industry , infused a degree of animation and vigour into that party last year , which , at least , made it respectable , But with the great Protectionist Chief the galvanic fluid which stirred it
into activity has departed . The dilletanti Marquis of Granby prosy old Mr . Herries , and epigra mmatical sarcasticMr . Disbaeli , are nosubstitutesfor the bold and sincere man , whose own deep and unquestioning ftuth » U . political creedf warmed others into sympath y and respect . Atpresent Protectionism 1 S a nullity , and the Members vh o professedl y reproseutitra ^ k COfl w
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¦ 5 S 3 EaMH « n ^ ^^ zM anofher ' < crv " or- ^ vh at is better— anotner «> w& worWng fbr . I ^ ns ^ e not wanting that this may be the case . + fact that low prices of agpculturar produce must , in future , be the rule in this country is clearly perceived by ihe more advanced ottne party . They see , also , the inevitable coioilary , thatit will be impossible with a diminished income to hear their former heavy , local and public burdens . The great majority or them need not be dependent upon Court favour , or Ministerial patronage . ; and , . it they form an independent Country party , and fight for economy in the National Expenditure , they will be useful to the nation , and do good service to themselves . ... _^ - ——— . - —
As to the Peelite party , it appears to be in a state of decomposition . It is rumoured that , during the recess , some Ministerial alterations will take place , which include tho displacing of some of those' now in office , and the addition of a few-of . the more prominent members of Sir R . Peel ' s last administration . Now that the question of Protection is finally settled , the others , if they cannot bring their minds to go over to the Whigs , and play second and third
fiddle to what they consider inferior men , had better fall back upon the Country party , where their practised administrative hawts , and powers of debate , would no ; doubt make them readily welcome , As for the Chief , himself , it seems at present ' that' he is quite sel'ibus hi hie intention to deolino all Mure responsibilities , ' and be content with the Ministerial character .--he has already written tor himself in the page of history . ...
This brief glance at the policy and position of the various parties in the House of Commons , is necessary ; to point out how much of the bhwie for the barrenness of the Session just closed is due to the Government . It is quite clear from the analysis we have hastily presented , that they had no serious opposition , no real obstacles to contend -with , as far as Parliament was concerned . Lord John and his Cabinet had all the ordinary influence which patronage and power ever confer on their possessors . They had a remarkably ductile and industrious Parliament , willing to
do anything they were told to do , and quite delighted when anything like work was set before them ; the times demanded large practical and constructive measures , but the curse of incapacity is upon the Whigs—they can neither create nor take advantage of opportunities and means for promoting the public advantage and prosperity . With the single exception of the Navigation Law , the Session , so far as Ministerial measures affecting the general condition of the empire are concerned , may be truly written nil . Even that solitary measure , which was a remanet from last year , was in danger from the
lukewarmness of the Government , and had they not been spurred on somewhat sharply by thePeelites , the probability is , that it would have been made an " open question / ' and so hung up for another and another Session . On the policy of the chauge we give no opinion beyond this , that if Free Trade is to be the ruling princip le of legislation in this country , it is better that it should be fully and fairly tested , in order that its advocates , in case of failure , may have no excuse to fall back upon . That is their position now , and that is almost the single act by which the Session of 1849 will be remembered in
history . As to the Irish policy of the Session , it has been a series of blunders ; not quite so expensive as the former blunders of Russell & Co ,, but quite as hopelessly wrong and melancholy in their consequences . Yet great things were promised and expected ; the attention of the country and of the Government had been painfully called to the magnitude of the misery , and the destitution of Ireland , arising
from defective social and political institutions . After having disbursed in one year Tew Millions sterling , as the penalty for our former neglect of this paramount question , it was supposed that during the recess Ministers would have prepared some measure , or measures , having in view the future permanent improvement of that country . When Parliament met , however , it was found , the Ministerial brains were addled , and could hatch
nothing . They proposed , as soon as Parliament got into working order , their usual resort in such cases of mental destitution ; having no ideas of then * own , they think it is just possible they may find some by calling a Committee of Members to their assistance , theyinthemeanwhile continuing to receive thepay for the work they do not perform . Everybody will
remember that was Sir Chakles Wood's way of discharging the duties of Chancellor of the Exchequer ; to one Committee he entrusted the Navy and Army , and to another the Ordnance : the drudgery of going into details was too great for that most worthy Baronet , and so he pocketed the salary , while the patient and unrepining Committees fagged through the work . '
In like manner Lord John , having nothing to propose for Ireland , suggested the appointment of Committees of both Houses , which was agreed to . But apparently impressed -with , the notion that the case was after all too urgent to wait for the results of a protracted inquiry of that kind , Lord John directly after his motion had been acceded to altered his mind , Without giving the Committee of tho Commons time to inquire , he rushed into its room with a plan cut and dried , and desired them to pass resolutions in its favour , and
recommending it to the adoption of the House before a single word of evidence had been given . The advantages of this trick in Lord John ' s estimation , were that it shifted the responsibility of any blunders in the plan to the shoulders of the Committee from his own —the Committee , however , were willing to do anything he required them—they , therefore , most good naturedly did "Jeddart justice" to Ireland . They reported first and inquired afterwards ! Such was the origin of the famous
Maximum Rate and Rate in Aid Bill , which according to Lord JonN was the only , and the very thing that Ireland needed . It was to produce an almost magical change iu the country—the influx of capital , the extension of agricultural improvement , the employment of Labour , and hosts of other material social and moral benefits were certain to flow from this vaunted measure . It was , in short , to open the floodgates of prosperity upon poor old reland .
The , Houss of Commons spent many weavy weeks and months on the various stages of this wonderful Whig bantling , and at last it was sent up to the Lords , who summaril y cut out all its essential clauses , and sent it hack to the Commons resembling itself in nothing but the name . Well , Lord John quietly acquiesced in this virtual strangulation of his offspring—nay , like Mr . Toots , he was rather pleased that he could do anything to oblige the Upper House ; as to the loss of his darling measure , it was " not of the slightest consequence , thank you 1 " Indeed , - when he came to think of the matter , he really did not see that there was any necessity for it . He "is himself quite satisfied with the p resent Poor Law in Ireland" ''
But , in the name of common sense , if he was so , why waste so much of the time of Parliament with a Bill which -was useless ? This is however , in short , the secret of the sterility of the Session . Ministers do nothing during the recess ; when Parliament meets thev rush into the House of Commons with all kind ' s of crude undigested Bills , which absorb the greater part of the Session in licking into shape , and are at last hopelessl y abandoned as irredeemable , or thrown overboard by the Lords on the Ua that there is no time to consider them Itwouldbe far better to put a stop to the farce altogether than to exhibit the Representative System of Gc ^ mnient in , suca a ridiculous , m * ^ 8 alae y ™^
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LORD PALMERSTOS'S GREAT SPEECH ENGLAND ' S FOREIGN POLICY .
TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAB ( < Dear Sib , —I occasionally read the more important debates' in the Houses of Lords and Commons , and never have I been so astonished as of late .. 1 hear nothing but of Lord Palmerston's great speech on ouv foreign policy . I have read it , and at the risk of being ridiculed—and ia the face of critics and commentators—pronounce the speech m question not great ; it is crafty , wordy , and cunnmg . First , can any of its admirers inform me on waac principle England ' s policy is based ? Refer to his lordship ' s speech , and see what he proposes in . the case of Hungary and Austria . Is he in favour of Hungarian independence , and the entire separation
of Hungary from Austria ? Assuredly no , ms policy is Austrian supremacy . " Iti 3 of the utmost importance that Austria should remain great and powerful , &c . " Such are the words of Lord Palmerston ; and he only , regrets the Hungarian struggle because it will weaken the power of Austria , and ho continues eloquent about the loss sustained by Austria . Again : "It is , I say , devoutly to be wished that this great contest may be brought to a termination by some amicable arrangement between the contending parties , which will , on the one hand , satisfy . the national feelings of the Hungarians , and , on the other hand , not leave to Austria another and a larger Poland within her empire . " No . onei I
think , can miafcakc the meaning of the above passage , spoken , too , at atimo when savage Cossacks are burning cities , sacking towns , and shooting prisoners of war in cold blood . Such language would hav been admissible on . the threshold of a rupture , but is worse than mockery , when war and extermination ia the Austrian and Russian policy , and the Hungarians , to a man , are in arms to defend nationality , and ensure separation . His lordship is large in hope : " Her Majesty's government have not , in the present state of the matter , thought that any opportunity has as yet presented itself that could enable theni , with any prospect of advantage , to make anv official communication of those opinions
which they entertam on this subject . I say ofhcial , as contra-distinguished from opinions expressed in a more private and confidential manner ; but ) undoubtedly , if any occasion were to occur that should lead them to think the expression of such opinions would tend to a favourable result , it would be the duty of the . government not to let such an opportunity pass by . " Oh how hunaano and noble ! If the battle bo dreadful ,, the slaughter great , the sacrifice of life on both sides immense , so that both parties ai'O in doubts as to the issue ; when all has been done that can be done—the crops ruined—industry destroyed—famine staring the governments of both armies in the face , England will step in to
reconcile Hungary to Austria ; and this is the lofty policy ofa great nation , of which Lord Palmerston is the official exponent . England is the official lawcourt of Europe , and the "Whig Ministry the judgeS . " We are to preach peace and humanity as tlie pretext for non-intervention ; and when oceans of blood have been shed , we are to step in and patch up ! despotism , and "this is to maintain peace , and Count ' for Something in the transactions of the world . " May the common sense ofa great nation save us from such a monopoly ! Humanity it is not , it would be better named imbecility , ending in the ascension of despotism , and the prostration of Demo * cracy . Oh ! but what a su jerb speech ! Yes , superb in
humbug and cunning : — " Opinions , if they are founded in truth and justice , will in the end prevail against the bayonets of infantry , the fire Of artillery , and the charges of cavalry . " ( Loud cheers . ) . An excellent motto for the lintel stone of Exeter Hall . His lordship is quite right—in the end opinion ; founded on truth and justice , will prevail ; but what of the time that elapses between the beginning and the end ? That is tho time for diplomacy . When truth conquers error , the Foreign Office will not be wanted ; his lordship will not then be in Downingstreet . Most men believe in the power of opinion in the end ; but what should be the policy of an avowedly intelligent people , in their connexion with
Ottior States , which nations , like themselves , are yet m a transitionary state from darkness to li ght , from , despotism to freedom . Reason and justice speak together and answer—" Aid those who are struggling to bo free . " Does the British government favour suchpolicy ? Decidedly no . Her ministers are ever on the side of despotism . I speak of deeds not words . In the colonies they are cruel ; in promises to the people plausible and treacherous ; in then- foreign relations leagued with despotism . Lord 1 alnierstons famous speech is neither more nor less than a set-off against Brougham and Aberdeen in the House of Lords-the debate in tho House of Lords , originating from a series of resolutions proposed by Lord Brougham ; his lordship being the advocate of Russian absolutism , and condemning , in well-set phrase , the foreisrn nolinv nf
Palmerston . In which debate Lord Lansdowne confesses that England was not too exact in demanding- of France what were her intentions as regarded Rome . It was sufficient that iranee desired to restore order . Cold , audacious vulany . A fine phrase— " restore order ! " which . me . ths , shooting the Roman people , and usuvoint ? papal supremacy . It is rumoured , too , that thf Austrian troops now in Ital y will be withdrawn and supplanted bj French soldiers . The policy is plain ; the Austrian troops so withdrawn willioin the Austrian army , to fight against Hungary wh , ch , n reality means that Fmnce , under Louis Napoleon will be leagued with Russia and Austria gs ^ SRsrr ^ nsvajSB
wmoewnen Hungary is Polandised , and the Cos-SaS'srs ^ s "" ' ^' Kffifc * s abL » f sas'JKs If English merchants , and journalists , statesmen and peace-makors submit to allow such SS to take place unopposed , may the Cossack marauders make a crusade to England ; there is wealth enough in London to repay them , and if oneo the gredSv paid a heavy ransom to a foreign foe , our state / men jould become more in earnest in their dohS ' and her Majesty ' s subjects demand something mora potent thanlengthy speecUesand ^ eak protestSns I rejoice to observe tho healthy tone that pervades your metropolitan meetings ; the occasionaKddle about peace is easily accounted for . and it ffi
veU l 0 nna a Quaker moving the first resolution It the recent meet ng in the London Tavern which peaceful resolution regards the Hungarian swu ? gle with " sincereadmfration , " which is followedfn That the English government do immediately recognise the independence of Hungai ^ -whS latter resolution , if adopted by the Englf 3 u -JJJ * ment , would be a declaration of war against aS ? and Russia-under existing cirSstSs a moi wise and politic resolve , although , in Oiwffi &B £ £ SFtS » 22 & * r ^
asffl ^ ssass Sues Strnii Ki Ot" SUCh ™ ' h 0 wever . Sans T ^ JZ , ll ° ? P , ress ed F but R noble Hun . fSSian ^ KSv ^ f ^ ~ WS * ^ , Keighley , aud . other towns in the West Biding , important and influential meetings nave been held , and the speeches and resolutions have been of the vighfc sort . At the . Tpdmorden monster camp meeting a resolution was unanimously adopted ia foyour of . the Hungarians nud Bomans
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i _ J == eradinff position as such conduct unquestionably does . One Irish measure has escaped th . 9 dreary limbo int 6 which so many of its bretbi-en hare fallen—the Encumbered Estates Bill . Much good is anticipated from it ; but remembering that a Bill with the same object was passed last year , ' which entirely broke down , or , rather , was so impracticable that it was never worked , we confess that our anticipations are moderate- ^ doubt predominate ? over hope . ' .. . . A volunteer measureintroduced at the in-. j . -T .. ^ .. _ , „¦ . _ ^ ..
-, stance of the " commercial interest l ^ . IitmL Buougham , has been carried , by which . the Jaws relative to Bankruptcy have been classified , amended , and reduced to a code . Practical men say it is a great improvement in an important department of the law , in a commercial and manufacturing country . With this Bill end s the list of the achievments ot Parliament and the Government for J 819—»» nvfiPAAintrlv small Quantity of bread for such a
monstrouslot of sack ! Were we to chronicle their sins of omission , and the number ot important measures rejected , we should try . the patience and exhaust the forbearance ot the reader . ¦ ¦ ,. ,. „ But if Parliament has been standing Still , the people have not . We believe that public opinion out of doors is fast ripening on many important questions—home , colonial , and foreign—and will , ere long , make itself heard and obeved by the drowsy occupants of
Downing-street and St , Stephen ' s , During the recess , we hspe to see the process of public enlightenment carried on steadily and judw ciously . In that alone is there any hope of effectually preventing the recurrence of such a miserable , barren , and purposeless Session as that to which we now bid farewell with as much pleasure as we get quit ofa nightmare .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 4, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1533/page/4/
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