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TttY TAIE YOU DESPAIU. HOLLO WAY'S I 1 1 h L S. CUHE 01' ASTHMA.
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Lxtractofa Letter from Mr . Uenjamiu Al : u ki .-, i \ respectable Quaker , dated Creenagli , now- iAiu-iu-. i ! , ii eland , ( luted September 11 th , ISIS . llESi-ECTKL ) Friend , —Thy excellent PiH > ln . vt- oiT .-ctually cured me of an asthma , which aillictcd i ! i « fi . i lin ' t-. s years to such . in extent that I was obliged to >\; t ! i ; iav ivum at night for air , afraid oY being sutibeaU'd if I wv .: ; M bed \> cough ami phlegm . UesiJcs taking the TiiU . I rebbed plenty of thy Ointmeiiti nto my chest night tuit ! lm . rjihig . — ( Signed ) Uknjanun AUcsie . —To L'rofessui- Urn ; .. > -.-. w . CU 1 U 3 Oi TYPHUS I'lIVER WHEN SUITUSKU TO BE
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ON ' PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIOSS , GK . N'EUATIVE INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO A 1 AKKIAGE . Twenty-fifth edition , illustrated with . Twenty-Six Anatomi . cal Engravings on Steel , enlarged to Ibti |<; iges , price 2 s . Cd ; by post , direct from the Establishment , 3 s . . 6 d ,, in postage stamps . HP 11 E SILENT F III E N D ; ¦ *¦ a medical work on tho exhaustion and physical decay of the system , oroduced by excessive indulgence , the consequenees of infection , or the abuse of mercury , with observations on the marmed etate , and the disqualifications which prevent it ; illustrated by tvrcnty-six coloured engravings , and by the detail of cases , liy ft . ami L . L'EHKY and Co ., \ 'i , licrners-street , Oxford-street , London . : Published by the authors , and sold by Strari » e , ^ 1 , Pater , uoster-row ; Ilaunay , C 3 , and Sanger , ISO , Oxford-street ; Starie , iM , Tiuhborne-street , Ilaymitrkut ; and Uordon , 146 . U'lulonhaU-streot , - London ; J . and It . Kahnes and Co ., Leithwalk , Edinburgh ; D . Campbell , Argyll-street , CUasgow ; J . Priestly , Lord-street , and T . Newton , Churchstreet . Liverpool ; tl . Ingram , Market-place , Manchester . Tart tho First
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GOD SPEED THEE , GALLANT ITCXGAEI ! ( From the Sim . ) God speed tliee , gallant Hungary ! And aid thee in the fight ; That Freedom wages on thy plains Against oppression ' s might . The banded despots of the earth Have loosed the dogs of war , And Havoc riots at the beck Of Hapsburg and the Czar . Prom the far Ukraine ' s dreary steppes , From Tiber ' s deserts * ast ; The northern legions * Tsar-whoop swells Like thunder in the blast ; Presaging woe and death ; where'er Their fetal lances shine ; For carnage hovers round their path , Their watchword and their sign .
And Austria , cruel in her hate , An abject craven thing ; Bow droops the eagle on her crest I How cowers his stricken wing ! The shedder of the nation ' s blood , Her o \ m she shall not save ; Branded and curs'd , as Europe ' s Cain , An outcast and a slave . But hark ! what strain-the welkin fills , Sonorous , deep , and loud ; Sounding triumphant as the voice
Of lightning in the cloud ; Hard by the Danube ' s stream it bursts By vale and forest dim ; And rings out o ' er the mountain top 3 , A mighty people ' s hymn ! It soars aloft , and seems to cleave The portals of the sky ; The noblest song in Freedom's ear , A nation's gathering cry . The spirit of immortal Rome , The fire of ancient Greece , Sow glows beneath St . Stephen ' s flag ,
From the Danube to the Theiss I How oft I've read , with quicken ' d pnlse And awe-suspended breath , The record of thr chieftains' deeds In the red field of death ! Oft gush'd uncheck'd the silent tear , Oft rose the prayer for them , As Fame ' s deep clarion rung in praise Of Georgey and of Bern ! God speed thee , gallant Hungary ! So chivalrous and brave ; And from the tyrant ' s hateful grasp Thy glorious " people save . Slay " victory and Peace soon shed Their holiest beams o er thee , And keep thy altars and thy homes Still sacred and still free ! Maryport . J . P . Douglas
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SOCIALISM . —NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE AND THE FRENCH REPUBLIC . ( From the Westminster Review , for July . ) - The first week ' s deliberations of the National Assembly proved its incompetence to deal with the most vital question of the moment—the means of restoring- employment to the idle and destitute masses , and ofimpres-ing them with confidence in the measures that would be adopted- for the amelioration of their condition . The politicians that had most the ear of the Assembly did nothing bnt denounce the reveries of Sociali-m , the waste of public money in the ateliers nationaux ( with which the Socialists had nothing to do , ) and insist upon the necessity of recalling the troops of the line , and restraining the licentiousness of the press . The working classes , conceiving themselves befrayed by the bourgeoisie ,
and exasperated by want , flew to arms , with a view of taking the redress of their grievances info their own bands . By this they increased the desperation of their posi i » n , nnd put themselves wholly in the wrong ; but the iusurrertion happily suppressed , the Case was one for sympathy rather than vengeance , and the government- ( now fallen into the hands of Eugene Cavaignac , ) by its prolonged imprisonments , interminable trials , and wholesale deportations of thousands of honest but misled operatives—the heroes of February and rebels of June—further and permanently alienated the affections of the masses . Separating from the insurrection the plundering objects of a few vagabonds from the prisons , who took part in it , the cause of the insurgents of June was
understood to be the common cause of all working men . * Enable us to live by our labour , or if you cannot do so , give place to others who will at least show a willingness to aid us . ' Hence the popularity of the question of the amnesty . By many the insurgents of June are regarded as patriots , by others as hot-headed enthusiasts ; bu * . it is only in the * salons ' that they are regarded as criminals . It is not surprising that out of the financial crisis we have described and the disasters that followed in its train , there should have arisen a multitude of theories on the functions of money ; but it has not been observed by English writers , that what is called Socialism , as it exists in France , is infinitely more a Currency question than one at all connected with been
Communism . The Communists have never numerous in France ; not so numerous , indeed , as in this country . In fact , we are quite within the mark , when we say , th . it since the fir-t preaching of Robert Onren on the subject of parallelograms , there have been established in this country , at different times at least twenty co-operative societies having in view a community " of interests , for any one attempt of the loud that has been made on the continent It has suited the object of the French Royalists—that of crashing their opponents by the opprobrium attach e d to the ideas of a community of grods and the abolition of family ties , to stigmatise as ' a Socialist , * in the sense of the term ' Communist , ' every refurmer belonging to the opposition , who at any time bas proposed or supported plans of social amelioration , iowever , opp ^ ite in their nature ; but these misrepresentations do not altar the fact that many of the
leading ' Socialists' are An * i-Communists . _ M . Proudhon , for instance , misses no opportunity o ' attacking the 1 'halnnstere associations of M . Consideranl . His own grand idea of the means of social regeneration is , that of national banks , and ^ a reorganisation of public credit 5 one of the propositions ) by the way , advocated by most of the popular democratic jonrnals . M . Proudhon , by assuming for the motto of his paper , ' Le Prcpriete e'est le Vol . ' ( a motto nowahandoned ) very fairly exposing himself to theimputati n . of being an enemy to the institution of property in every shape ; but this was not and is not his meaning . Wnat he means is . that interest of money and rents , or anv contrivance by which a man is enabled to live , ivot vipvm the atcwnulafions o ? Ms own labour , but upon the labour of others , are legalised forms of robbery , tt which the State should pat an end by wiser institutions . At the head of his journal ik il'Kjjfc are the following lines : —«
What is the producer ? Nothing . What ou ? ht he to be ? Everything . Wha * . is . the capitalist ? Everything . W . ' mt ougiit he to be ? Nothing . Much good piper and type have been wasted by thememWs of the Institute , in a demonstration of the indispensable utility « : f capital ; but , as directed against M . Proudhon . their labours have been only thrown away . He does not deny the importance of capita } , in the sense of the accumulated products of
labour , but he separates real capital from monied capital , and attacks toe system which makes a few wealthy fund-holders the arbiters of nations . He proposes , as many other paper theorists have done before him , to set aside the monied interest , by declaring interest ofmoney illegal , and by authorising the state to issue to the producer , upon adequate security , credit note ? , tendered a legal tender . In this he * carries with him the sympathy of the French peasant proprietors , who have now no means of obtaining a small loan upon the security of their lands and crops , butby bfirrowina the money by tbe week , at the rate of fifteen and twenty-five per cent ., npon a system analogous to that of English , pawnfarokre '¦
. _ . „ __ _ , We have no intention cf defending the system of M . Proudhon , which , as far as we can understand it , is crude and impracticable , nor the currency crotchets of any other French journalist . They have teen attacked by the Economists with unsparing sarcasms , and « fcen successfully ; bnt the argument has sometimes been against them . Here is the substance { conden ? ed from various sources ) of the reply t » the Economists , of Pierre Leroux : — , "You accuse us of wishing to re-eatebhsha *» j 7 « a& but yon who make the accusation have alresdy reestablished them , and thatnot upon a sound system , bnt a bad one . Copying the English precedent of 1797 , when your metallic system broke down w 1848 akof
yon authored the Ba France <» -- ««* £ * payments , and you gave its notes a forced ctrcutefion . The « e notes are asasnats , hawg m themselves n > i intrinsic yjlue whatever , and when yon borrow this money of your own _ creation , . toruie use of the government , the interest yon pay for it is a direct robbery of the publicfor the benefit of the ¦ There can be no answer to this , excepting that 4 Tip defects of one palliative of an acknowledged evil Snot S rovethe superiority of any untried remedy The S of preventing those tremendous vic . ssirnde ^ f wlne to which the producing and ^ ommer-SSSJsSXhiow - periodically subject , and thecon-SSS ^ Sf tem of « he action of the precious
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topicsthe troth will ultimately make its way , but it will not be helped forward by the dogmatism and pedantry of those win have nothing better to say upon the monetary system than has been said before by M . Turgot and Adam Smith ; and the prosecution and imprisonment of such men as M . Proudhon . for extravagant opinions , or an extravagant mod * of expounding them , will only serve to render dangerous errors the more inveterate in the public mind . The next most disastrous event of the French
revolution was , Jhe resolution adopted by the Constituent Assembly to elect a President by the universal suffrage of the whole nation . By this decision , partly forced upon the Assembly with malice prepense by M . Thievs and Ms royalist friends , and partly carried through the weakness of M . & » Lamartine , whose loiicin support of the proposition was below citicism , the Republic practically commit'ed suicide ; creating an unperium . in imperio , whi-h is low found to be altogether incompatible with the free action of a constitutional government . l
How many caamities , of which no man can foresee the issue , might Alexis de Tucqaeville have spared his country , if , in his work on the democracy of America , instead of glossing over the evils of the Presidential election by universal suffrage , he had probed them to the bottom , and held them up as a warning to his countrymen ! But in America , " although the system is bad enough which places such men as General Taylor at the Lead of a nation with no other qualification than that of being " rough and ready , " the power of the President is limited by the independence of the several state 3 . which have separate poweTS of their c-wn . In France , where there are no independent st « tes , no federal organisation , the powers ^ f a Premonarchlimited
sident are those of an absolute , nominally by a deliberative assembly , but not really limited at all , because the means of ga ining a majority are placed in his hanus . Think of . the power of corruption given to Louis Napoleon by the patronage of upwards of 150 , 000 places ii \ the direct gift of his cabinet , and that of the promotion d » officers in an array of 450 . 000 men ! That such powers should be entrusted to any one human being , was the essential vice of the monarchical system which the democracy of France aimed at destroying . To rs ' ain them for the Executive , without any adequate security that these powers should not be seized by the dishonest or incapable , ' was an instance of philosophical insanity on the part of republicans to which it would be bard to fiod a parallel . Consider , for a moment , what grounds there are
for the assumption , that six millions of electors can possibly , by tbe physical circumstances of their position , be proper judges of the qualifications of any one candidate submitted to them , for no matter what office , be it one of the humblest , or one of the most influential . Suppose the question on which you make an appeal to the people to be one of fact" Is John Smith a white manor a mulatto ? " Here is a question upon which no" man could deny the capacity of the people for voting ( the blind only excepted ); and the right of all classes to form an opinion upon such a subject must be admitted to be equal . Nevertheless , as six millions of voters could never have seen John Smith , with their own eyes—as they could form no opinion upon his colour but from Keirsay evidence — of what earthly value would be their judgment ?—who would receive their testimony in a court of justice ? '
The six or seven millions of voters who took part in the Presidential election of December , 1848 , could not of their own knowledge have declared whether the candidate for whom they voted was black or white , an honest man or a knave ; and yet , upon the result of their voting was to depend the liberties of France ! The circumstances which determined the choice of an unknown man , in the person of Louis Napo leonwere the following . Eugene Gayaignac had , as we have observed , partly from the circumstances of his position , and partly from the serious mistake of allowing himself to act longer than was necessary as
the tool of reactionary vengeance , become an object of intense aversion to tbe operatives of Paris ; although still supported by tbe middle classes , who sighed for order at any price . George Sand , addressing him through the columns of 1 m Jleforme , said , " You are a man of the sword . Throughout the whole of your career as chief of the Executive , you have shown no perception of the moral agencies by which the human mind may be governed . Not a word of sympathy has escaped your lips ; not a cry , as coming from the heart , for the sufferings of the working classes : and do you wonder that they turn from yon ?"
The disposition , in town and country , of the French operatives , to try as President a new man , was universal ; and the peasantry were sufficiently ready of tfceir own accord to vote for a Napoleon , from their reminiscences of the elory of the Empire , and from the old rancour of 1815 , when the Bourbons were forced upon the country . The middle classes became divide } , through the intrigues of M . Thiers , and the Royalist committee . of the Rue de Poitiers , by whom Louis Napoleon was only supported as a stepping-stone towards another restoration ; and hence to the astonishment of Europe , and the humiliation of France , a reckless adventurer found himself elected ( 10 th of December , 184 S ) , President of the French Republic , by an immense
majority over his competitors . * All thU is now so changed , and Louis Napoleon has made such haste to prove himself not the man the peo ple had expected , that , in the towns , he is at the present time more detested than he was before idolised . In the agricultural districts , where opinion makes slower progress , his name has lost its magic influence ; and in the army , which had expected nothing else than to be hd to victory against the troops of Austria and Russia , the discovery that they have chosen a degenerate descendant of their great chief , and one who would make of himself anl France another link of the Holy Alliance , has filled all ranks of the service with discouragement , and cooled down to freezing point their late
enthu-. Charles Lou : s Napoleon , born in 1803 , is . the second son of Louis Napoleon , King of Holland , and brother of the Emperor , by Hortense , the daughter of Josephine . The eldest son died in Switzerland , and the present man was first heard of in 1836 , when he made an attemp * on Strasburg , to place himself upon the throne of Louis Philippe . This conspiracy , which met with some encouragement from the disaffection of the army , and their reverence for the memory of the Emperor , would probably have been attended with some partial success , butfromthe circumstance that Louis Napoleon does not bear the slightest resemblance to the portraits of the late Emperor , and that be is totally unlike in person
any member of the Buonaparte family . He had been joined at Strasburg by about 400 men , principally of the 4 th Regiment , when he was denounced by Col . Taillandier as an impostor . Another officer at tbe same time exclaimed- "I know him ; he is the nephew of Captain Vaudrey , and no Napoleon !" The soldiers hesitated—looked at the slight figure of the young pretender who had c-irae among themtraced in his features nothing of the hero they venerated—and finally permitted his arrest . Had the attempt been made by his cousin , Napoleon Buonaparte , who is a living likeness of the Emperor , arid about whose relationship there could be no mistake , it is not improbable that the whole of the garrison of Strasburg , amounting to about 5 , 000 men , would have b ? en gained over .
This incipient Tevolt having been crushed m the bud , the eopernment of Louis Philippe , treated its author with great leniency ; but the indulgence shown to him was , as subsequent events proved , butili-deserved . Louis Napoleon was simply shipped off to America , and forgiven oh condition that he should not return to Europe . lie wrote to assure Louis Philippe of his " eteraal gratitude ; " and then again set about conspiring for the overthrow of the Orleans The pretext for his second attempt in 1840 , when he landed from a steamer at Boulogne , was the
enthusiasm that had been excited by the arrival in France of the remains of the Emperor—removed from St . Helena by the permission of England , at tbe solicitation of the French government . The generous homage to talent , on the part of Louis Philippe , which led to this step , was in ; itself , a feet to have disarmed an honourable epemy ; and the conduct of Louis Napoleon , in Beeking to turn to a selfish purpose the old recollections it had awakened , ' is only one among many / proofs of a character devoid of any sound priciples of rectitude , and indifferent to the laws ot moral
obligation . - - .,. : The descent upon Boulogne was a ridiculous failure , bnt not unattended with bloodshed . Many of his followers fell , and one of them by his own hand . Firing a pistol UDim a captain who sought his arrest , he miesed the officer , and , in his nervousness , shot , instead a private : soldier , in the act of exclaiming , " Vive Napoleon the Third . "t A second time his life was spared by the French government , and he was condemned only to a rigorous imprisonment at Ham . whence , after five years of confinement , he effected his escape .
Notwithstanding the halrrbrained rashness , approaching to insanity , manifested in these conspiracies , there have not been wanting writers , both in this country and abroad , who have represented JjOUis Napoleon as an educated and well-informed man ; the truth being , that with some persons , any one who has made a noise in the world , ; and has the title of a Prince , if he can string together a few commonplace sentences , not wholly devoid of sense , passes for an intellectual phenomenon . There is , however , no foundation for the belief that he is in the slightest degree a person of originative or refl-ctive talents . His published writings , and his reported conversa-
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~~ — . — ^ MI ^^ - tions , do not rise to the level of the most ordinary mediocrity . His reading has been superficial , and his practical knowledge of mankind has been drawn from anjntercourse with fashionable debauchees . In London his life was that of a roue , and in Paris it is tbe same ; his time , when not occupied with his ministers or military reviews , bein < £ divided between hismistresses and the pleasures of the table . His intimate corapaniins are of a class of whom even Odillon Barrot permitted himself to speak as men of " detestible passions . " A spendthrift of his means —although originally in the possession of a handsome fortune , he was no sooner installed in the Presidency than he had to appeal to his cabinet to assist Mm out of the embarrassment of a position crippled with debts .
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SUNSniNE AND SHADOW ; A TALE OF TUB NIXETEEXTH CENTURY . BY THOMAS 3 UIITIN WHEELER , Late Secretary to the National Charter Association and National Land Company ,
Chapter XX . She died ; but memory ' s wizard power , With its ghost-like train had come , To the dark heart ' s ruins at that last hour , And she murmured , ' . ' Ilome , homo , home !" And her spirit passed with its happy dream , Like a bird in the track of a bright sunbeam . Picken . Nearly a month had elapsed since the interview between Julia and Arthur , and day by day she grew weaker and weaker , but her senses seemed to have recovered their former vigour , and her mind to be more tranquil and assured . Sir Jasper had been often to visit her , and again flattered himself with hopes of her recovery . Seeing that she was ignorant of the occurrences durin ? the vovasre . he
alluded not to them , nor to the arrest of Arthur ; and Julia , often was she about to entrust her husband with her ill-fated love , and implore his pardon and his protection for Arthur , but her fear of displeasing him , and her bodily weakness , which rendered . any species of exertion painful , prevented its accomplishment . On his last visit she expressed a wish to return with him to D—; she would willingly die in the place that had first received her in the island , and which habit had endeared to her , he would then be always near to comfort and support her ; and Sir Jasper , pleased at this display of tenderness , g ladly conceded to her wishes , and by slow and easy journeys did they reach his mansion . ' .
Two days have elapsed since her return ,-f-she is in the room we have previously described . The leaves of the passion-flower no longer , shade her lovelybrow , they have withered and died , and she mourns not , but rather envies their fate ; the water of the silver fountain no longer sheds its cooluess around , its murmurs have ceased , and the heated air from a stove supplies its place ; the orange sheds not its perfumed odours around , but myrrh and aloes diffuse their fragrance in its stead . "Winter hath succeeded to summer , and summer will again succeed to winter . The passion-flower will again bloom , and the orange-flower renew its blossom , but there is no renewal for the human heart once folded in the wintry embrace of death , —no succeeding
summev can renew its glories , or give new . growth and vigour to its once god-like frame ; and Julia reclines on the ottoman , and the arm of her husband pillows her drooping bead , and with low and trembling voice she relates to him the occurrences of her past life—of her childish love for Arthur—its involuntary renewal—her struggles to overcome it , and the purity of its nature . She then described her last interview with him , praying for pardon for them both , and the tears course fast . and hot down her faded cheeks and fall burning on the face of Sir Jasper , kneeling at her sidr , and he , the unfeeling man of the world , inured by many years' witness or slavery to human misery , he is not proof against this woman ' s weakness , but his tears
mingle with hers , and at length their hearts beat together in unison—his suspicions , his -jealousies , are for ever dispelled—he cannot disbelieve the simple tale—his heart bleeds in listening to it—and worlds would he give that the love lavished on Arthur had been deserved and received by himself . Oh ! it was a solemn sight to see that young and beauteous , though fragile form , lean so confidingly on the breast of that stalwart and careworn man , pouriD ^ forth its loves and its errors , . and pleading so movingly for pardon—a pardon nobly and generously accorded—and the pure spirit of Julia seemed only waiting for tbe discharge of this , its last earthly duty , to take flight from mortality and care , for embracing her husband , she fell back on the sofa ; he imagines her dead , and summonses her attendants , but a sweet smile again illumining her countenance , shows that her spirit still lingers with him , but
consciousness is fast leaving her , —she softly murmurs , " Husband—Arthur—pardon , Sir Jasper—father , mother , dear , I shall again see you—dear Arthur , I come !" " And her spirit passed with its happy dream , . Like a bird in the track of a bright sunbeam . " Sadly did Sir Jasper grieve over the fate of the being now become doubly endeaved to him , —time had blunted his sensibilities , and a hug residence in our slave colonies had seared the fresh and green emotions of his heart , but the seeds of love and generosity , though deeply buried , were still alive , and needed only a kindly cultivation and a deep stirring of the mould in which their fibres were entrenched to cause them to flourish with renewed vigour . Alas ! that the cause of their revival should be of a nature to again bli ght them ere they could expand into maturity .
Had Julia lived she would no longer have been a splendid toy , jewelled and bedizened to gratify the vanity of an imperious lord , but a household charm to warm the heart and recreate the expiring humanities of an adoring husband ; but . she sleeps the sleep of death , and he is left alone and desolate , a prey to repinings and regrets , with none to cherish his awakened sensibilities , or guide him through life ' s stormy seas to the haven of domestic bliss . Oh ! how poor ^ and unsatisfactory are all earthly splendours when we have none left to share thorn with us ; no wife in whom , as in a mirror , we can see their brilliancy reflected ; no child in whom we can retrace our own features , divested © f all that is
debasing and impure . Poverty hath its trials—oh ! how many , and how severe !—but cheered by the ties of affection , and protected from positive want , it is more endurable than solitary grandeur . Gentle reader , we have now concluded tbe first portion of our tale ; like our own history it is full of errors and imperfections ; let him that is perfect judge and condemn them . We have not plunged into the world of romance for our characters , they are the ideal representatives of known realities , — through them we have embodied truths of humanity which ever lie fruitful in the human breast , needing only tbe action of circumstances to start them into opei'ation .
The Chartist world is blessed with mapy an Arthur Morton ; and Julia , thou art no creation of the fancy , thine image hath often met our gaze ; and though thou art for ever departed , yet many a Julia North is still in existence , doing penance to an illjudging world for daring to exercise , without dissembling , the feelings which nature hath implanted in their breasts . Our tale hath hitherto been one of hardship and sorrow , tinctured , perhaps , with our own bitter taste of . poverty ; but we have still faith in the
future , and should the shadow depart we may yet revel in the sunshine of enjoyment . We have been accused of prostituting our talent for tbe sake of filthy lucre , bow false it is our own heart can best testify ; but we heed not the rovilers —truth will yet shine , and humanity rid itself of the load that artifice and custom hath heaped upon it—in this hope we will pursue our career , caring naught for the censure of enemies whilst blest with the approbation of friends . ( To be continued . )
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ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . This popular place of resort has just put forth a new feature of attraction . It consists of a series of dissolving views of the scenery in and around Rome , and was exhibited for the first time on List Monday . The pictures display a high order of artistic talent , arc vivid and life-like , and characterised by an Italian beauty and richness of colouring which distinguishes that delightful . country . The series commences with Toulon harbour , followed by Civitta Vecchia , which has become notorious from the fact of its being the place of debarkation of the French army , on their late " friendly visit " to the " eternal city . " Next come the Monte Mario , the Tiber , Ponte Mole , the Piazza del Popolo , the Bridge and , Castle of St . Angelo , ( threo different views ) , the last giving the grand . display of rockets and other fireworks discharged on the night of the grand
festival : Monte Ayentine , Ancona and Tarra , celebrated as the prison of Tasso , and the tomb of Ariosto . This one concluded the geries , The views are acccompanied by a descripture lecture by Mr . James Russell , embracing the most interesting points connected with the late political events of which Rome has become the theatre . This exhibition will no doubt meet with the patronage of which it is so highly deserving , and the public will be enabled , by means of the ' painter ' s pencil , to view those scenes which have lately heen so full of stirring interest . In the evening , a lecture on " Ancient Minstrelsy" was delivered by Mr . G . Soane ; the wanderings of the troubadours and their adventures and songs , forming the subject-matter of the lecture . The music , both to these and the dissolving views , has been arranged with great taste by the musical director of the institution , Doctor Wallis .
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"I sat , Jem , what mechanical work did you first do V said one darkey to another . "Why , wby , cut teeth , ob course . " replied ilje other ,
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THE TEN HOURS BILL . ( From No . Hi : of . the Democratic Review , August , .-1849 . ) n , e ? J tGrisive conspiracy of the mill-owners of 1 ? ?™ ° f England ( Lancashire in particular ) , to defeat the object of the " Ten Hours Bill , ' and the " impunity with which , that conspiracy is allowed to proceed , adds another to the many convincing proofs , '' that there is one law for tho rich and anotnerfor the poor . " For many years tho manufacturing operatives under the g ' imlaiice of tho bo-Tnf T ? n . lchai : d Oas tler , and thelute . inestimable jonn J ieichng , pressed their iust claims on the attention of the public and fchn h-rishtiiro . It has
never been objected that their agitation was accompanieawith violence . An unvarnishedexposure of Mie curse of tho factory system , " and revealments 01 itsi horrible and brutalwin" effects on morals , health , and life , were the only- weapons they used ; they were however all-sufficient to enlist humanity on their side , and when the Malthusians continued their opposition , by parading their , nostrums of po-« £ » e ° , T * , PP e » l to . facts and . figures scattered their fallacies to tho winds , and the world S wnvinoed that tho conflict was " mammon J « K ? 'f -th « le S « 'atuiD espoused the cause of the ! d Ten Ho "" nafbecamo thb law
How . to evade tho law , or openly set it at defiance m ' owr" , J \ v n , th ° - neXt consideration <* tho mill-owners . Well knowing that money is tho ruling &T I V ™ ? ? ' ™ living long purses filled f ^ , Sffl - # ^ the blood of wouWand infaut . ehildron . they have made , the attempt , and we find our Wing paternal government iu treaty with them , and actually proposing terms to compound a felony ; for it has long been decided that a conspiracy to evade the law , amounts to fclomi ! That tins conspiracy exists , there is no longer a ' doubt , a bond has been entered into to make good any loss any individual mill-owner ntiiy sustain in working out the relay system . Of . that system Mr . Leonard llorner , the Factory Inspector , in his lately published report declares , " that the law officers of the
Crown are unanimously of opinion that it is illegal and contrary to the intention and spirit of tho act , " arid Mr . Maud , the stipendiary magistrate of Manchester , a barrister by profession , after careful deliberation , and consultation with legal friends , has arrived at the same conclusion ; yet when informations have been laid for a violation of the law , the magistrates have refused to convict , some , because , as they say , they interpret the law to have a different meaning to that ascribed to it by the law officers of the Crown , and others , because , as they assort , the meaning of tho act is doubtful . In the case of poor men offending against any law of the land , the magistracy exhibit no such qualms of conscience . Many of these same conscientious gentlemen , were instrumental in getting up the case of consoiracv
against the Chartist prisoners now in Kirkdalo gaol , and when they were brought before them , fixed the amount of bail so high that , sqmo from inability to obtain it , were imprisoned until the assizes . Verily there is " one law for the rich and another for the poor . " B . ut even allowing that there might be a conscientious doubt as to the intention of the legislature , there is a plain course for the government to pursue ; they themselves have set the precedent in the case of Smith O'Brien and tho other Irish state prisoners : " a doubt was entertained in quarters entitled to respect , " as to whether the Crown had the power , without the prisoners'consent , to commute ¦ the sentence of death for high treason to that of transportation for life . A " declaratory act" was prepai'ed to meet the case , and hurried through both Houses of Parliament . Why not take the same course in this instance ? The
reason is obvious , in the one case the interests of the government and the higher classes were at stake , in the other it is only the interests of the poor that are concerned . Sir George Grey has boon appealed to in this matter , and what is his advice ? That " it should be left to the local magistracy to decide according to their judgment . " What a bitter mockery and insult this is to the feelings of tho working classes I It is a-well known fact that local magistrates are appointed not for their knoivled-je of law , or love of justice , but for their wealth , subserviency , or " standing in society , " as it is termed . In the manufacturing districts , the great majority of the magistracy are manufacturers , either actively engaged in trade or retired , and living upon fortunes thus acquired ; if in neither of these positions , they are interlinked by marriage or relationship with the millocracy , and thus by their very position and inclination are necessarily unfit to decide in a case
where the interests of the working classes clash with those of the factory kings . Very lately a mill-owner in a certain town in Cheshire , a leading man amongst a religious sect , also a groat Liberal , and a member of the town council , was summoned before the magistrates by the Factory Inspector of the district , for neglecting to have his machinery " boxed off , " whereby the arm of a , young woman was dreadfully torn and lacerated , ttio case being clear was easily proved , and the magistrates were compelled to convict , but , one of the Solons on the
bench exclaimed ,. " he was very sorry for it , for he considered the law a most unjustifiable interference with capital and labour . " The Liberal culprit echoed the magistrates' comments . Why not ? What right have working men , or women , to consider that their lives or limbs should be protected , where the interests of capital are concerned ? 'Tis monstrous impudence , they have no right to have cither legs or arms , or even life , only ; as their masters please ! This is their true position , and the sooner they understand it the better .
There is but one means left to prevent the manufacturers evading any law that may be enacted for the regulation or the hours of labour , and that is , a restriction on the moving power . Let the word " day" be clearly defined , from six o ' clock in tho morning , until six in the evening , with two hours off for meals ; that would bean efficient " Ten Hour Bill , " and the meaning thereof would be perfectly free from all doubt . Against this it is argued tliat "it is unjust to interfere with adult male labour , that the law- allows men to make their own contracts , upon terms of mutual benefit , and that there can be no rightful authority to compel them to labour except upon their own terms . " This is true in theory , but false in fact . The working man has nothinv ' that he can call his own , but his mental and
p hysical powers . The field upon which these arc to be exercised , whether in agriculture or manufactures , is in possession of the capitalist , and he dictates what shall be the rate of wages , and how many shall be tho , hours of labour ; 'tis true the workman can refu 3 e the manufacturer ' s terms , but the alternative is starvation , and hungry necessity compels him to forego the beautiful theory , and submit to the stern and unrelenting fact of abject submission to the employer . Indeed , capitalists themselves know this perfectly well ; they speak of the working people in the same way as they do of any other species of property which they call their own ; " My
men , " "My hands , " "My work-people , " "My do /? , " "My horse , " "My mill , " are all in the same category , and in no country in the world , not even the slave holding states of America , are the working classes more , " mere chattle property , " than in this boasted "free country . " 'Tis therefore all arrant cant and . humbug ; , to say that men do not want the protection of the law ; ay , and much more than a " Ten Hours Bill" can give them , " but that protection will never be afforded them until they arc in possession of their political rights , for until they are politically free they must remain socially slaves . " ¦ ' . ¦
In the meantime , whilst tho manufaciurfirs avc conspiring , and the government aiding and abetting them , my advice to the operatives is be Jinn . Abate not one jot of what you have already won , but rather demand a tes hours ra for as * 1 restriction OF TIIE MOVING POWER ASD IIIK ENTME PBOIIIBITION OPJIARniED WOMEN FROM WORKING IN FACTORIES . "To this complexion we must come at last . " A PflOLEtARUN SUF / EHEn TOR THE CllABTER .
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. . — ^ pi —¦ Heprbsejjtation of Suxderlavd . —Mr . ' Hudson has " authoritatively "intimated to certain conservative parties who have volunteered the selection of a fitting candidate for the representation , in the event Of a Vacancy arising , that his present intention is to retain his seat in parliament , at all events till the commencement ot next session ... So says the Weekl y Chronicle , and . private information leads us to believe that this is the cqurso-whieh Mi * . Hudson desires to take . The question now is , whether the electors will , allow a man who is stigmatised on every hand with the foulest epithets , who dares not face parliament or tl \ c public , who is charged in official documents with acts of fraud and knavery , and who , conscious of guilt or indifferent to
character , makes no attempt to clear himself of those charges , to continue to represent them' without uttering a loud and indignant protest against so gross a betrayal of duty . We know the idea of many of them is to permit the odour of his name . to stink in the nostrils of his admirers , but it appears to us thak a due regard to the credit of the borough and its important interests requires some steps to be taken for the purpose of showing to the country that Mr . Hudson's constituents do not connive at his conduct . —Newcastle Guardian . Revising Barristers . — -The following are the barristers appointed by Mr . Justice Cresswell to revise the list of
voters for the counties and boroughs on the Western Circuit for 1849 : —South Hants and Isle of Wight . J . Aldi-idge , Esq . ; North Hants , & . N . Oxenham , ! Esq . ; Dorset , — Douglas , Esq ., and ¦— HoWsworth , Esq \; South Devon , J . L . Lucena , Esq ., and H . T . Erskine , Esq . ; North Devon ,-W .. Hodges , Esq ' . j East Cornwall , C . D . Bcvan , Esq . ; West Cornwall , J . S . Stock , Esq . !; East Somerset , J . S . Graves , Esq ., and F . W . Slado , Esq . ; West Somerset , 0 . Saundcrs , Esq . ; South Wilts , 0 . It . Dayman , Esq . ; North Wilts , G . Poulden , Esq .. Many have felt the lash upon their backs for the want of a bridle upon their tongues .
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Heroes . — -It wore well if there were fewer heroes , for I scarcely over heard of any but did more mischief than good . These overgrown mortals commonly use their will with their right hand , and their reason with their left ; their prido is their title , and then- power puts in possession : their pomp is furnished from rapine , and their scarlet is dyed with human b ; qod . If wrecks , and ruins , and desolation ot kingdoms arc marks of greatness , why do we not worship a tempest , and erect a statue to ' a plague ? A panegyric ' upon an earthquake is every jot as reasonable as upon such conquests as these . FIR 13 Engines Superseded . —We observe that a book is advertised under the title of " Homoeopathy iu Acute Diseases . " If homccopatlib globules will cure inflammations , perhaps an infinitessimal dvop of water will put out a fire . —Punch . The Jews abstain from trading ( luring sixtv-six
days ot the year , as follow , namel y—fifty-two Saturdays ; two days , new year ; four days ' , Passover ; one day , Black Fast ; two days , Pentecost ; four days , Tabernacle ; one day , White Fast . The Ciiisaman ' s Wife . —Not long ago an English sailor killed the Wife of a Cliinamaii by accident , an event which-gave him considerable uneasiness . The woman's husband , hearing of the circumstance , came to the vessel , and , after-some talk , offered to make it up with the man , compromising . the affair for thirty dollars . The sailor was glad to escape so easily , and paid the money , when the Chinaman said , " It did not matter so much , as she was an old wife , and he could get a new one for twenty-five dollars , which would leave five dollars to buy rice . " Shetland ponies , which at one time only commanded a sovereign in the Highland market , now sell , since the introduction of steam , at from £ 5 to £ 10 .
Mr . Rivers , of S . twbridgeworth , ' bas cherry-trees a foot high , that have borne nearly a quart of fruit ; and plum trees , iu fruit , not more than eighteen uieheahigh . To Take Ink out op Lines . —Editors' and clerks ' wives will learn with pleasure , that to take a piece of tallow , melt it , and dip the spotted part of the linen into the melted tallow , the linen may then bo washed , and the spots will disappear without injuring tho linen . " Not a pinch of dust remains of Cheops , " says the Jersey Timesf " but of some stray pea-seed . which found their way into a mummy-case as old , perhaps , as that of Cheops , remains a rich produce , green and flourishing on a little farm in the little island of Jersey J "
The Bombardment of Rome . — "A horrible situation "—so exclaims Louis Blanc' in his New World ( Aug . 1 st . ) — "is that of an exile in this moment of eternal grief ! For to those who surround us , and who ask our opinion on this war , what can . we answer ? Wo can but keep silent , and hide our face . Oh , my country ' . " The Vert SpmiT . —Tho following story from the New England Washingtohiah gives tbe very spirit of the , English law—a man may be innocent , but costs must be had out of him . Capt . Slick was a disciplinarian , and kept a weekly account of his niggers ' well and ill doings . One Saturday Tony , the boy of all work ; had in his account current twenty-five stripes for idleness , to his debit , and fifteen , for
industry , to his credit , so his master was about to pai / himthe balance . " Stop Massy , " say Tony , " dar ' s—you forgot—dar ' s de scoiin' of de floorold missus say I neber scour as good before . "" Soho , you rascal , "quoth Capt . Slick ; " you ' re bringing in offsets , are you ? Well HOW , there ' . "here the Captain made an entry upon his book" you have a credit of five stripes , and the balance must be paid . "— " Gor a massa , don ' t hit yet—dar ' s sumpen else—Oh , Lord ! please don ' t— -yet sir ¦ got urn now—kctchin' de white boy and fetchin um to old missus , what throwreckat deyouno-duck . "" That ' s a fact , " said the Captain , " and I'll give you a credit of ten stripes for it — 1 wish you had brought him to me—now we'll settle the balance . " —Tony grinned . The Captain adjusted his
spectacles , and finding Tony had a credit of five stripes , was not a littlo irritated . "— «• All do credit is fnir , massa , " said Tony . — " Yes , but" said the Captain , puzzled how to give Tony a / ew licks amj how , " but "—an idea popped into his head— " wherc ' s ray costs—you incorrigible scoundrel ? You want to swindle me , do you , out of my costs , you rascal . " " And , " added Captain Slick , chuckling at his own ingenuity , " I enter judgment against you for costs—ten stripes , " and forthwith satisfied the judgment . The Paris correspondent of the Medical Times observes : — "In England an honorary distinction conferred on a medical man ia rarer than a black swan . Strange it is , that the least military nation of Europe should reserve all its honours for soldiers . " .
An Amemcan vender of a universal medicine declares that , if 1 . 1 s prescription bo followed literally , a euro is certain . " This medicine is to be taken iN-tcrnally , Ex-ternally , and E-ternally . Mooltan Prize Monky . — The total amount of this booty is estimated at ei ghteen lacs of rupees , or £ 180 , 000 sterling . Lord Gough , as Commanderin-Chief on the field , will receive £ 20 , 000 . Waste not , Want not . —A gentleman who had put asido two bottles of capital n \ e , to recreate sonic friends , discovered , just before dinner , that his sevvant , a country bumpkin , had emptied them both . " Scoundrel , ( said his master ) , " what do you mean by this ? " " Wiiy , sir , I saw plain enougli by the clouds that it were going to thunder , so I drank up the vale at once , least it should turn sour , for there ' s nothing I do abominate like waste . "
A Siox . —Modest sign in the town of Mussel'mrg : " Repository of Birmingham and Sheffield good ' s . Butter goods sold hero than any-manufactured in Birmingham or Sheffield , and made on a different principle . " The Danes exacted an ounce of gold annually in Eire ( Irolaud ) . and cut off the noses of all who did not pay the tax . The Jersey Times mentions that the , Mormonites have opened a place of worship in St . Ilelier . The PauIS correspondent of the Literary Gazette remarks of queer titles : " There are now publishing iu French newspapers romances called ' The Red Spirits , ' ' The Bloody Miircliiones 3 , ' ' The Bloody Shoes ; " and there have lately been published , ' Digging into the Earth with . one ' s . Nails , ' ' How are you ? ' ' The Midnight Bludgeon , ' and so on . " Ouv own penny literature can supply parallels .
Lola Moxtes Whitewashed . — -A young cockney more accustomed to the pencil than the pen , sends us the following impromptu on the mau-iage of tbe Countess of Landsfelt : — "Miss Loin , by her naughty tricks , Her ill-fame long had sealed , But , by this matrimonial fix , Grows virtuous , and gets Heal'd . " Leicestershire Herald . Re-Lying . —At dinner we put this question to the guests ;—Which is the stronger , Ik or truth ? After a moment ' s consideration , Mr . Joseph Proctor answered , " Truth ! for . you may ve-fy oa it !"New England Washingtonian . The Bankers in London-. — The oldest banking houses in London are , Child ' s , at Temple Bar "" ; Hoare ' s ' - in Fleet-street ; Straban's ( formerly Snow ' s ); in the Strand ; and Gosling ' s m Fleetstreet . Noncdato earlier than the restoration of
Charles II . The original were Goldsmiths—" " Gold-smiths that keep running cashes "—and their shops were distinguished by signs . Child's was known by " Tlie Marygold ; " still to be seen where cheques aro cashed ; Hoare ' s by the " Golden Bottle ; " still" remaining over ' the . outer door : Snow ' s by the " Golden Anchor ; " to be seen inside : . 1111 I Gosling's , by the " Three Squirrels ; " still prominent in t ) ie iron work of their windows towards the street ' . The founder of Child's house was John Black well , ah alderman of the city of London , ruined by the shutting up of the Exchequer , in the reign of Charles II . Stone and Martins , in Lombard-street , is said to have boen founded by Sir Thomas Gresham ; and the grasshopper sign of the Oresham family was preserved in the banking house till late in the last century . Of the West-end banking-houses , Drummond ' s /' at Charing-cross , is the oldest ; and , next'to Drumniond ' s , Coutts in
theStrand . Tho founder of Brummdml ' s ' obtained his groat position by advancing moriey to the Pietender , and by the king ' s consequent withdrawal of his account . The king ' s withdrawal led to a rush of the Scottish nobi'ityaud gentry with their accounts , and to the ultimate advancement of the bank to its present footing . Coutts ' s house was founded by George Middletori , and originally stood in St . Martin ' s-lano , near St ; Martin's Church . Coutts removed it to its present site . TIig groat'Lord Clarendon , in the reign of 'Charles'IL , Kept an account at floare ' s ; Dryden lodged his £ 50 , for the discovery of the bullies who waylaid and beat him , at Child ' s , at-Temple Bar . ' Gay banked afc'Di-uinmond ' s ; Lady Mary'Wortley Montague at Child ' s . ; Gray at Hoare ' s ; Dr . Johnson and Sir Walter Scott at Coutts ' s ; and Bishop Percy at Gosling's . The Duke of Wellington W . ks at . Coutts ' s ¦ tho Duke of Sutherland at Drummond ' s ; the Duke of Devonshire at Snow ' s , or Stratum ' s .
Marriage and Jewesses . —The Mosaic law forbida only marriages between Jowa and the women of Canaan , not with any other outlandish'women . On the contrary , the latter were expressly permitted ; and-when Miriam and Aaron " spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married , for he . had married an Ethiopian woman , ..... the anger of the Lord was kindk'd against them . " ( A ' nm&ers xii ., 1 , 0 , anil .: . various sther passages . ) . True , after the exile , it was strictly prohibited to marry any foreign woman ; but this law can hardly be considered binding . Jewesses have always been been free in their choice . —Jewish Chraviid ? .
The late Jons Fieldbn . —A subscription has been set on foot by the friends of the Ten Hours Bill , to place a monument in Westminster Abbey to thelatoMr , Mn Pieldcn ,
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' ~~~ II MMIIMI » Wi >>» WrMW « KWHgHMl » Leicester—Advasckof Waoes . —To live Editor . IT * r ~ i . c now tlie satisfaction of s . ating that the leading manufacturers havi : aarueij to L'ivo threepence per dozen upon all wrouttlusliam knits ; tlie others that have beon 8 CCn liavo kindly consented to do the same . Wo eonsidiv th .: U . aJks of the trade are due to the manufaei uroiv . oivin » to the kind manner in which they haw ti- ' -aa-. ! with tho deputation on this occasion , and boliuvo that the advance that is agreed to will sjire 'visural
satisfaction at this time to tho hands both in the town and county . —Edward Nu .-iiol .-KMi , , loijtsph . Handford , William Cleaver . —August , 'J-ii , 1313 . — [ P . S . —Thci-o is still a portion " of tho hands on strike , which , it it hoped , will lvfiiiut .- iheii- employment next week . ]—Leicester Merruru . Youthful Mmsmaob . —In Jeffcrai .-n rt > iuir . y , Virginia , on tho 26 ' ch March , by Elder HUu \ Air . John . Loy , aged eighty-live years , to Mis * C . ' itJw . 'Hii > Sargent , aged seventy-five years and six u : ' . iif !; s , . - ( f ter a courtshi p of forty- years . Oh ! the ,-.- ) ytmllii ' ul indiscretii . iis ! Dr . Franklin ' s letter ro ' . l : n ,- ! f . " advising him to marry young , has done a ' .-. •!»!•! : ! ( ..-f mischief . Look at this now—another vor *! iful victim aiicnficed [—Chicago Journal
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* louis > apoleon .. .. 5 . DW . 520 votes . Eugene Cayaignac .. .. 1 > ™ j J ? g " t The ^ artfculars of these ' attempts , as related byXouis Sapolfon himself , and of course favourably colouredoviU 1 « Wd in a wk hy Mr Hen ^ Wipio ^ entitled ^ Napoleon Louis Buonaparte , First President of France , " publiguea by J . Chapman .
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^^ 18 , 1849 . THE NORTHEk fesf ^ ,
Ttty Taie You Despaiu. Hollo Way's I 1 1 H L S. Cuhe 01' Asthma.
TttY TAIE YOU DESPAIU . HOLLO WAY'S I 1 h L S . CUHE 01 ' ASTHMA .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 18, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1535/page/3/
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