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fto aromBponiwu!**
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THE SOETEEBH STAR SA'fWK&AY, SEPTJiMBlEK S, 1S40.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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-JL-- < n : $ T PUBLISHED , PRICE Id . IRECi TAXATION , FINANCIAL - asroiui , AXD THE SDEPJUra ?¦ ^ A « tt * r addressed to all Reformers . T •• ' B * Samuel Ktdd »^ l ^ S SKtfw * . I « wp « fl ; Mann , "Leeds ;
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J ^ IST OP BOOKS AM ) SHEETS sow inausartG bt B . D . COUSINS , HELlffiT COURT , 337 i , STRAND , LOXDOS , { Late of Dnke-strcet , Lincoln's Inn . )
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SPLENDID BROADSHEETS AT OXE PE ^ Xl EACH ; BY POST , THREEPENCE . SSsjSt ^^^ i 2 a' ? ^ S ' SnitW at One View ; con taining abrfcf Kssr ^ from ae - ^ "sass 8 EX !? L ° f V / eU ^ ?' inTvllidl tlle ^"" s Empires sS ^ r ? s ° s » sfe ; sssasstetsssssfe '
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A CIIAHT OF TIIE GREEK ACCENTS , showing at One View . t : ie Ku :. « s , with their Exceptions , as avpKcaMe to al . ineir Tarts of Speech , in their different Inflexions bT CKArr . Es GrsAnp , late Classical Master at the Kev T Home ' s , Chiswick , author of " Translations of Aristol phanes , " " Cdsus , " 4 c ., &c . Price Is . ; by post , 14 Vcwij - stamps .
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just published , price Sixpence , a SPLENDID NEW MAP OF LONDON ENTITLED - ' " LONDON AT ONE VIEfw . " Ibis ' srautifcl map is printed on a sheet three feet Ion- Iit S ? P -. tiro feetwide .. It includes upwards of Seven j . Wps from eastto west of the great metropolis , ar . d is lwrnered and emoslhshed , iu addition , with tv . elre sputoid yiews of public metropolitan biuMiw * Tins mr . Vi also contains a great quantity of EfaiisUwl infojnut := > a never tefwe given in any previously published lu :. nct London . Iho person visiting the British Capital sliuuld be T . iUiout it Sent rost-free f . r ten Postage-stamps . Be sure to aslc for " London at One v lew . " A Tery liberal allowanw to the J . I i . l « 3 *
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THE CROSS ROADStranslated awn the French of M . Jcixs Jams Price Two Shillings , post-free . ; Gnicrdlv known sis the Freuch langaageis in England , it is angular how little known are wanv of the finest 3 BOdvru . iros » fictions of the best French authors- there is a pt-iicct imue of intellectual wealth which is scarcdv 3 cm j wn 01 iu ; ius country , or at least die greater part of it * - yhiv a great mass of the readin- public is beiu- corrupted snb . th taste and freung by a vast issue cf i rash of the worn description , from whiclv no head ov heart cannos ab : y be benefited . Le Cliemin de Traverse , br Jcies Jasis , was left nntranslated until the present appeared , and was of course a sealed book to the English public " The translator has called the book 'TJIS CROSS BOADS , ' tlionsh the title of the original is in the singular It is intended b tt 9
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Trie- ? -Js . Gd . ( post-free ) , clczaiiUy unnad in red morcceo c ; m ! i ana illustrated with , eight splendid cngravin Ks , Fr . ; i iklms edition of MAT-LOA ; or , the MEMOIRS of a YOCXG TYOM \ S bv Evsese Sszz . This is the best and onlj authorised translation . Be sure ti oiTz for FrmiHia ' s edition .
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E 117 . \ GrilinvOOD , a LEGEND of the WATERLOO J \! ;* " 5 * ° fi - ' 1 is aadea a ttnllin-r narrative of the life « ,-Jten IkiicfonL , and many astoimdiii ? farts relative to a crtetmtcd Boarding-school for Young Ladies- at Fulham . rriceSs . Gd ., post-free .
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TIIE LONDON PIONEER . ITow publishing , Price 7 s . Cd . Iosdos Pic-seer . —This is , without exception , tlie cheapest flic most instructive , and the most amusing work ever onv ; ei There is not a subject fiat it does not treat in >!< a .- Ah ages , sexes , and classes will be pleased with it . tadi volume coatainsupwards ofTno-rnocs « D five siMiSED columns of closely-printed Ieti « r-pres < illustrired witu « great number ef beautiful eui-aYiirc lorsoas goinjr ion ? rrytges would find tie » Losmn lutXEnv ar . invaluable companion . l ]« . ro is onlv faultit : s too cheap . Many books of less value have leen soM for . Three Guineas . The «• Losdon Tiokezb . " contains Sfev . ra ! orip ^ n al Xov el s and Romances , each of which" in twiner days , would have been soW for a Guinea and a naif each . Kach -volume mav fee had separately -it Ts . tW ., post free to all parts " of the United Kingdom . 1 . ; yincn ; s may be mads by aremittancein pennv postaee stamps . ¦* °
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! The Mother ' s Ccwe ; or . the Twin Brothers of AVHteliall a-. i I 1 iitor 12 . il Tale . Price Is . ; by post , Is . 0 d . 31 ie ! 5 . » nva :..-e of the Forest , by Mrs . Auue lladelifie In oac volume . Is . Cd . ; bvpost , 2 s . Hie Three ltiv . ds- . QT , Theodora , the Spanish TVi . low Als . 1 . the Eucuauted Ilorse . Price Sixpence , together-11 } Jilvit , J i d . ' Ih _? Oijisj's JYarning ; or , Love and Ruin : a Romance of J 1 .-2 I Life ; ia wlnrh are given the mysterious parenta » e l > : uh , l ; i « . courtship , and subsequent murder of Mana 1 ¦ -tsn , ia the Rul Barn . Price Is . 6 U . post free . Alf of Muster ; or . the Anabaptist Translated from the G ^ sian ^ . of Vnnderveldt Bdns a historical romance Ot mtense interest—of love , inconstancy , cival war , irM ' -M , torture , and wholesale bloodshed . " 1 'rice 9 d bv po . Is . ' Pau ! : ; ud Y-nriuia . B y J . Bernardin de Saint-Pierre . Price ( hi . ; a ; , - ]* jst . ; jj . ! Tbe i . veam of Lova ; a Tale of the Passions . Translated ^• ' 'i ' l * Frei " - Frederick Soulie . Price Cd . ; by ! = .- ¦? , jo . '
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SALv . b v » F iO : lE , containing the lives and Adventures of j ' . looinstiiiry and Felicia , Lcanucr and Aldina , l ! iirisandlJlaiichfleur , iND Auibrosio and Acantlia , Brachman and Padinanaba . Price cd ; by post , 12 penny stamps . T 1 IK FBESCH LIBRARY ; containing the following ¦ EirfUli tKiTis \ atif . as from the Trench : — A ^ tar Gull , by Eugene Sue , Is . ; by post , Is . id . 1 . 3 Msrana , by De Balzac , 3 d . ; by pust , Is . ' iiie Crass !! o : tds . ; by Jules Janin , i's ., post-free , liie Kia ; , ' " s Diversion , by A'ictor Hugo , Is . by post , 3 s . id . LucresLi Borgia , by Di : { o . tiil ; bvpost , 1 <\\ . Or tlie wiole bound together , ' is ., pust free . ! T « liC ? cf lly Lsndlady ; in 33 Svtmbers , at Tiircchalfpence ¦ ; rji , or in 011 c Vol ., neatly bound , for is . Gd ., pest-u-cc . i 5 . es ? tales comprise many of ths above Works . Each Xiimlicr contains Sixteen Pages cf closely-printed Lctterj-rc-ss , stitched ia a neat Wrapper , aud embellished with : i superb Engraving-. HiM » v » of the Sun and Moon , Id . each ; by post . 2 dL each . XL «* i'lssue iu London by an Eye-witness . oU closeiv-nrinted I ; ,-es , I'd ; by posted . Zai ^ ; . a Piiilojoiiliical Romance , by Voltaire , to which is : i- ' .: ii- « I lbs Hermit , b ^ Parnell ; cjlo « ii )^ - the siiaffcritr of th two otoiies , Price Gd , stitched , oi- in cloth boards , 1 ,-. ; \ y iic « , li =. 4 d . Pnia-Sj ' sG -...: Album Broadsheet , containing a rast numl >'_ r JifJv . " . - . i ' -ous engravings . Price Id , Fi ^ a !; Iiu ' i . ii-. T .. « Ue Library , in I'enny lumbers . —Xo . 1 t . "iiaias -h . forty Thieves , tkeDukc and thc Tinker , the Soldier ' s v . ir ? , and Peejimg Tom of Coventry . —Xo . 2 , Ts-icstaie and Orson , the Long Pack , and thc Conjuring T- 'X . —^ o . S , Fair Kosamond . —So . 4 , Rbbm Hood and little John . r : ; : '; iin's History of England in Miniature , from the re r . otesi period to the present day ; giving , also , an out-Itm oftli ? i ::: g 3 isJi Constitution , Manuersand Customs of sJio Aurfiut llritons , &c A neat pocket edition , contausiBg 21 pages ofclosely-printedletter-press . Price 3 d . liy post , ii re penny stamps . ' Po ; i- 'o Essay oa Man , with a Commentorv , by tlieRev J E . Smith , 1 LA . Price Is . ; by post , " eighteen penny ft : i : i \ ps . C uii ::= -s ofXaturalThelogy ; or , Dvider . ces of the Exigence ar . i Aftribates of the L ' eity . deduced froa Satnrc A :, r d sea from various Autliors , bv"l } c . vjA > iw Fmxelk !¦ := VonsasR . Price Gd ; if by pes ' t , nine pc-uny stamps . Xwfc l ^ lteasoas against taking away . life as arunisument Bjaumjaiis . Pric 96 a . ; bypoj ^ i 0 d , umsuineni -
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=====---2 S--NOW IN THE COURSE OF PUBLICATION In Numbers at Three Pence each . Dieted bj W « 3- * ggjgyi wWI by Artists THE PRO GRESS OF CRIME OR , THE AUTHENTIC MEMOIRS OF MARIE MANNING , THE FEMALE ASSASSIN . DESCRITHVE OF THE EXTBAOBDKAKr SCENES Of HEH EVESTFOL 1 . IFE , FHOM HEB EABLIEST TOUIU TO THE PERIOD OF THE ATROCIOCS HUBDEB OF JIB . O ' CO . VNOB , Br ROBERT HUISH , Esq . AV rl ° « " Jfem 0 , ips ° f < l * Princess Charlotte , " 2 "" V «* Fourth , "translater of "iamartine ' s fravelsintheHol y Land , " " Uartoifertin , " &c . Strange Paternoster-row ; Berger , Holywell-street ; and all booksellers in town and country .
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THE CHEAPEST EDITION EVER ICBLISBED . Price Is . 6 d ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of tlit Author , of . PAIHE'S POLITICAL WORKS . Now Ready , a New Edition of Mr . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS . Sold by J . Watson , Queen's ITead Passage , ? aternoster row , London ; A . neywood , Oldliam-street . Manclieste aud Love and Co ., 5 , Nelson-street , Glasgow . And by all Booksellers in Towa and Country .
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IMPORTANT NOTICE TO TRADE SOCIETIES . A CONFERENCE OF DELEGATES , -Cl to be appointed by the Metropolitan Trades' Societies will be held at the Crates Head , Dbort Lane , on WednesI dai Evesiso , NovEsiBEB . TTn , ISM , to consider upon the best means to be adopted to ameliorate the Social and Polibcal Condition of the People . Also for the purpose of considering on the most profitable way of giving productive employment to the unemployed of our population , and to receive a proposition upon that subject Chair to be taken at half-past Seven o ' clock precisely . No person will be admitted vnthoutcredentialsdul y certified by the officera of his Society . . : -. By order of the Committee * of the National Association for the Organisation of Trades . Alfred A . Waetos , President . „ Acoostds E . Deiafobce , Secretary . 10 , J . ortt » -square , Vortman-place , Globe-road , MUe End , Committee Iloom , Craven Head , Di-ury-lane . Aug . 30 th , 1819 . > . B . —All expenses will be paid by tho Asiociation con-Tenmg this Conference .
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TO BE SOLD AT O'CONNORVILLE , A FIRST-RATE FOUR-ACRE FARM , l \ - with , a large and excellent tiled barn , an enclosed yard , cow house , stable , hen house , rabbit house , and a range of well-built pig-sties ; the house has beeancvr painted and papered , and a dairy built adjoining to it . The land is mgosd condition , has been well-drained , and presents an opportunity to persons of small capital , seldom to be met with ; the proprietor is removing to a farm on the same location , wliich constitutes his only reason for selling the above . ? or particulars , apply to Joseph . 'Wheeler , 3 , 0 'Connorville , near Rickmansworth , Herts . All letters must contain a postagfe stamp for reply .
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T ) TJPTURES PERMANENTLY CURED L \> WITHOUT A THUSS M-Tke Testimonials from members of the Medical Profession and Patients who have been cured that are daily receives by Dr . GUTIIREY establish the efficacy of this remedy beyond a doubt- iii every case , liowevcr bad , cure is guaranteed , thus rendering trusses unnecessary . It is easy in application , perfectly painless , and applicable to both sexes of all ages Sent free on receipt of 6 s . by Post-office order or stamps ! byDr . HEKRY GUrilllEY , C , Ampton-street , Gray's-iunrnrid . London . At home daily , from Ten till One , morning ' sax till Eight , evening -, on Sundays , Ten till One only . Hundreds of Trusses have been left behind by persons cured , as trophies of the success of this the only remedy for Hupture , wliich will really be given away to persons requiring them after a trial of it .
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DfSTANT EASE—LASTING CORE . Price Is . per Packet . DRANDE'S ENAMEL , FOR FILLING i « V ™ V ? ECATrNG TEI 5 TIr > and HENDERIXG THEM SOUND AND PAINLESS has . from its unquestionable ex cellence , obtained great popularity at home and abroad Its curative agency is based upon a TUTJE THEORY of th « cause of Tooth-Ache , and hence its great success . Hi most other remedies it is sought to kill the nerve , ana so stop the pain . But to destroy the nerve is itself a very painful operation , and often leads to very sad consequences for the tooth then becomes a dead substance in tiieYivin < jaw , and produces the same amount of inflammation and pain as would result from anv otherforeign bodv embedded in a living organ . BRAXDE'S ENAMEL does not destrov the nerve , but , by KESTOKIXG THE SHELL OF TOE I 00 TU , completely protects the none from cold , heat , or chemical or other agency by which pain is caused . B v folthe directions
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YOU MAY BE CURED YET HOLLOWAY-lfOINTMENT . CURE OF RHEUMATISM AND RHEUMATIC GOUT . Extract of a Letter from JIt . Thomas Branton , Landlord of the Waterloo Tavern , Coatham , Yorkshire , late of the Life Guards , dated September 28 th , 1 S 48 . Sib , —For a long time I was a martyr to Rheumatism and Rheumatic Gout , and for ten weeks previous to ushi " your medicines I was so bad as not to be able to walk . I had tried doctoring and medicines of every kind , but all to no avail , indeed 1 daily got worse , and ' felt that I must shortly die . From seeing your remedies advertised in the paper I take in , I thought I would give them a trial . I did so . I rubbed tlie ointment in as directed , and kept cabbage leaves to the parts thickly spread with it , and took the Pills night aud morning . In three weeks I was enabled to walk about for an hour or two in the day with a stick , and in seven weeks 1 could go anywhere without one . I am
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NOW BEADY with the MAGAZINES fob SEPTEMBER . . No . IV . of THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW Edited by G . JULIAN HARNEY . CONTENTS : 1 . The Editor ' s Letter to tho Working Classes on tlie New Reform Movement . 2 . Letter from Paris . 3 . Our Inheritance : The Land common Property Letter IV . * J i . Social Reform : Louis Blanc on Competition i The Queen ' s Visit to Ireland . uulpeutl 0 n - 6 . Democratic Progress . 7 . The Hungarian Struggle . ParfcIL 8 . Places of Note in Hungary . 9 . Will of the Tsar Peter , Emperor of Russia 10 . Americau Poetry . 11 . Literature . 12 . The late Henry neUierington . 13 . Political Postcript . NOTICE . IP » Tlie Public and the Trade are informed that from the numerous applications for No . I . of the Democratic Review , , to render sets perfect , it has been determined to reprint it Orders must be given at once , that Si " number of copies required may be known . The reprint of No I will be ready m the course of the present month Fom PA 0 E 3 ( Tmt E ScET appei > > ' PWCB London : E . Mackenzie , 5 , Wine Offiee-eouvt Fleet-street-^ vn ° a ° S ^ ****>" " * xt ^ tS
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CHOLERA-SEW TREATMENT THE MEDICAL ADVISER WA , auihor of a £ ^^ 38 sraia S » ^ a « B £ many data for a more successful treatment of cholera , he may be consulted as before . Address , ¦ ' Medical Adviser , " Mr . Bastick , chemist , Brook-street , Bond-street
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Mr . Itar , CliurchUL—The charge is 4 M . if less than four copies under one cover . Mr . Westmorland , Penrith . —If the Loudon . booltseller , who supplies your agent , would call at Mr . Pavey ' s , Holvwellstrcet , Strand , lie would procure them . Mr . Harbop , Stulybridge—Your payment is matte by Mr Harney up to the 22 nd inst . We could send the portraits to Mr . Hey wood , Manchester , in his next parcel . Say if that will do . Mr .. Hyatt , Bristol , acknowledges the following sums for Victim Fund , sent herewith , viz . :-Charles Clark , Is 2 d : J . Powell , Is 2 d W . Burgess , Is 3 d ; John Newman , fid VT . Stevens , 2 d ; Air . Rouk , Id ; Job Day , Cd ; Thomas Cd
Duggan , ; Henry . Fink , Gd ; W . Hyatt , Is . Mr . IsGBAst , Abergavenny , begs to acknowledge the receipt of the following sums for Macnamara ' s Action , sent herewith , viz . : _ Abergavenny , Thomas C . Ingram , 2 s ; C . Beams , Is ; Owen Martin , Gd ; John Davis , Cd ; John Gobey , Gd ; Tredager Ironworks , John Haucox , 6 d ; \ Y . Jones , 6 d ; Bagland , Thomas Lewis , Is . Kirkdaie Ciubtist Pbisoners . —Thomas Ormesher , Secretary , bege to acknowledge the following sums : —London Boot Mid Shoe Makers , per J . M'Veigh , £ 5 ; for Messrs . Bankin and Croper , £ l is . 6 d . Mr . Whittakeb begs to acknowledge the following sums for Messrs . Leach and Donovan , London Boot and Shoemakers , per J . Xl'Vcigh , £ 19 s .
Mr . W . Hemm acknowledges the receipt of the following sums : 3 s . 8 d ., from Spa-Well , Elland , near Halifax ; Gs . from Baeup , per James 'Wilson . J . C . S . Lockwooi ) . —VVritc to 22 , Queen's-terrace , Bayswater , London . The M'DouALt Committee . —By reference to our first page , it will be seen that the money has been sent to Mrs . M'Douall , wliich renders the publication of the communication received unnecessary . M . A . M'Douam- acknowledges the receipt of 103 . from the Chartists of Thornton , Yorkshire . Ciupplegate Locality We caunot insert "Forthcoming Meetings , " unless paid for as advertisements . Mr . J . Cummings , of Edinburgh , writes as follows ; -In
reply to the observation of "L'AmiduPcuple , " I have only time to state that the Chartists are shut out of every hall , church , and chapel in the town , capablo of accommodating a public meeting . On the last application for the Music Hall , it was refused , -unless a magistrate was in the chair . Out-door meetings are proclaimed , to that there is no possibility of getting up a demonstration to express the real feelings of the democracy of Edinburgh . Chahtervule Defence Pom—Received from Mr . John Cameron , Hutchcns Town , Glasgow , Gd . Thanks to the other side of the Border , they have been the first to auswer our appeal . What are tho lads of Carlisle about ?—William Ssutii . J . Kibk , Nottingham , and Anti-Humbug . Margate-Received .
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THE HARVEST AND OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS . An abundant harvest , of first-rato quality , has rewarded tho labours of the agriculturist in this country , and the same agreeable intelligence has been received from those portions of the Continent where the inhabitants have had time and opportunity to practise tho arts of peace . Complaints have been made of the re-appearance of the potato blight
in a few localities , but wo believe that a close examination would show the disease in such cases to have arisen from tho planting of diseased seed , and not from the causes—atmospheric or otherwise—which so recentl y caused the general failure of the potato crop . For the next year , at all events , Europe is placed beyond the fear of a scarcity of provisions , and its statesmen are relieved from tho difficult task of ruling populations over whom want , or the fear of want , casts its gloomy shadow .
If society was in a normal condition , such intelligence would give universal satisfaction . As it is , we are prepared to hoar tho cry of distress resound from what is called the " agricultural interest . " Eveu under the old Cora Law regime , a plentiful harvest was synonimous with low prices and rueful faces . How much more so will this be the case , when our ports arc open for the admission of the untaxed agricultural produce of the world , at a mere nominal register duty ? In anticipation of this cry © t agricultural distress , however , it may be useful to point out tho difference between the temporary causes which may apparently operate to the disadvantage of the farmer , and those which
our recent commercial policy arc certain to make permanent . Tho mere statement of the price of an articlo gives no correct idea as to the remuneration it returns to the producer , any more than the money-rate of wages affords an unvarying standard of the comforts such wages will purchaso . The price at which wheat should sell in this country , to produce a living profit to the grower , has been calculated to be from 50 s . to 56 s . a quarter . With less than that amount , it is asserted , that it is impossible to pay local and general taxation , tithes , rent , wages , and the other outgoings on a farm ¦ and the inference drawn from this postulate is , that when wheat sells
at from 40 s . or 45 s . a quarter , the farmer loses the difference . Now we do not mean to question the accuracy of the calculation , as respects an average crop but when—as ia tho case this year—the farmer has considerably more than an average crop it is clear that tho greater quantit y he can carry to market will make up for tho reduction ia the money price of the produce . For instance , if in an ordinary year tho produce of five acres sown with wheat is fifteen quarters , and the price 50 s ., the money return would bo £ 37 10 s . In a plentiful year like the present if the yield should be one-fourth more , or twenty quarters , and the price 40 s ., tho return would be £ 40 , leaving a difference of £ 2 10 s
in favour ot the fanner at the lower price , and of courso , enabling him to bear so much the more easily , the various burdens wo havo previously adverted to . It is not , therefore , in ycara like tho present that tho native farmer will have any roal reason for grumbling or complaint . So long as he has abundance of produce to sell , lie will occupy the home market more advantageously than the foroignor . Tho natural protection afforded him by tho cost of warehousing , freight , and other charges , which importers of foreign grain , must pay , will iu , sucu ca 8 Ofl
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corao into full operation , and the simple statement of tho money price at which ho sells will not give an accurate index of his returns and his profits . But ia bad , or comparatively scarce years , foreign competition must tell severely upon the British farmer , unless radical and extensive changes be made , both as to the burdenshe has to bear , and the mode in which farms are let in very many districts in England . Under the old Corn Law , foreign grain could only come into the market at a price which allowed the British farmer to
make up for a deficient crop by a high money return . Under the new system that compensating balance has been taken away . Foreign importations from countries in which the harvest has been more plentiful , and the influx of the surplus of all countries which will constantly and inevitably flow into the large and rich English market , will , as continually and as irresistibly , tend to keep prices down to a low level , and prevent the native agriculturist from realising sufficient to discharge the heavier local burdens he has to bear .
The Free Trade journals foreseeing this eonsequence of their policy , are now urging the farmers to demand leases unincumbered with restrictive covenants , alterations in the Game Laws , and reductions of rent , as necessary complements to the legislative changes already made . Foreseeing , also , that large crops are the only permanent means by which the homo farmer can maintain himself in the home market , they cry out for a new race of cultivators , who will bring to agriculture the same capital , skill , enterprise , and activity , as has been applied to manufactures . Centralisation and
machinery in the farm-stead are to perform the same task they have done in the mill , tho print-work , and the powerloom shed—namely , . economize power and time , and displace . manual labour . To that point 5 n agriculture , as in manufactures , the whole policy of our modern system of production constantly tends ; and it is clear that this lop-sided system , if fully carried out in relation to the cultivation of tho soil , must attack both the landlord and the labourer . The first in his rent—the second in his wages ; that is , when ho is lucky enough to get work .
But what , under our large farm system , and the substitution of maehinesfor able-bodied peasants , is to become of the displaced Labour ? The experience we have had of our Free Trade policy , so far , is not calculated to make us very hopeful as to the extension of markets for our manufactures in other countries . Protection is almost without exception the popular creed , both with rulers and people , and they look upon our liberal professions as merely a new form of the all-engrossing selfishness which induces us to seek the monopoly of the markets of the world . In every country the government and
the people have for many years been engaged in resisting that monopoly in the most effective manner , namely , by encouraging the developemont of native industry in all departments . The periodical exhibitions of agricultural and manufactured articles , which take place in the United States , powerfully testify to the giant strides which the Transatlantic Republic has taken towards the attainment of her ambition , namely , to be the first country in the world in all respects . At these exhibitions Protectionist feelings and policy are strongly exhibited and advocated ; and it may be said fairly , that
with the exception of the trading and commercial classes , Protectionism is the national economical faith . In France it is the same . Last week we visited the Exposition of National Industry , agricultural and manufacturing , now open in the Champs Elysees , at Paris , and which we believe is made every five years . Notwithstanding the drawbacks which a period of revolutionary excitement must have caused to such an exposition , it was impossible to walk through the long arcades , crowded with
every species of production , from the simplest domestic utensil to the most gorgeous productions of the looms of Lyons—without feeling that with such a climate , soil , industrial and artistic skill , France did not need to be dependent on any other country , either for articles of necessity , convenience , or luxury . There , ' too , Protectionism is in the ascendant , even to the length of absolutely prohibiting the importation of the Spanish and Portuguese wines , which would interfere with the native wines of the country , and one of its staple products .
Indeed , in almost every part of the Continent there may be discerned a strong determination to protect native industry , by a cordon of defensive tariffs , against the injurious , and , in many cases , ruinous competition of England . They have the common sense to know that the people must labour , if they are to live honestly , and they prefer to let them support themselves rather than to throw them a burden upon society .
One of the most probable consequences of the success of the combined forces of Austria and Russia against Hungarian independence , will be the formation of a new continental league against England . It is stated that Scharzenberg the Austrian minister , and the Czar have already arranged the programme of such an alliance ; and that a Congress was to meet at "Warsaw , including representatives of Austria
, Russia , Bavaria in Germany , and all Italy , with the exception of Piedmont and France . The rumours of such an intention may be premature , but the mere fact of such statements finding their way into tho bestinformed journals , both iu this and other countries , shows that the idea of the project is at least entertained , and under the present aspect of European politics , wo sec nothing to prevent its being carried out .
We do not , therefore , see in what direction sufficientl y large and profitable markets are to be found , to give employment to the continually augmenting mass of unemployed labour , which must result from the application of the manufacturing system to agriculture . There is , it appears to us , but one safe , speedy , and permanent outlet and safety-valve , and that is by the national adoption of the
principles upon which the Land Plan is based . These principles are susceptible of numerous modifications in their practical application to various localities , and the wants of varied bodies of the industrial class ; but they constitute— we honestly and sincerely believe—the only effectual remedy for tho state of things which now exists , and for tho worse which is approaching .
Even now , when the papers are unanimous in assuring us that trade is in a very health y state in the manufacturing districts—when a plentiful harvest has given that fillip to manufactures which it invariabl y does—we find that every walk of life is overcrowded . For every vacant situation there are a dozen candidates ; and this " redundancy" of population , is not ' confined to our commercial cities and manufacturing marts , but extends to the country town and rural hamlet . Tho want of tho nation is
PROFITABLE REPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT , accompanied by such measures as will give those employed a direct and equitable participation in tlvcproducts of their labour . We know of no plan which would bo immediately effect that groat desideratum as that of enabling the " surplus population" to cultivate more assiduousl y lands now very much undercultivated , or tho forests and extensive tracts of reclaimed land which are now lying wasto . Every day of such labour would add to the substantial wealth and power of tho nation while the labourers themsolves would see hi
their smilinir homofltoads nml ft < w . ; in fl « u ,, ... i their smiling homesteads and fertile fields , not only a rich roward for their toil , but tho assuranco that their dail y bread wo uld not depend upon tho precarious and fluctuating demand for manufactured goods , in some ' market thousands of miles over tho so * i A good harvest tlion , wovvW bo a national blowing without any drawback , because tho sower would reap and -enjoy tho product of his labours . Induction aud consumption would equftliHQ . a . u . drQ- » M upwi cu other . witU «
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^ Wi————I —^^^^^^^^^^^^^ stimulating and healthful energy , which would permeate every ramification of society . At present the suicidal process pursued is , to increase production by means which diminish tho power of the people to consume in an inverse ratio . The result is , that a short and feverish period of the so-called prosperity is succeeded by a protracted « glut , " and " stagnation of trade ; " and the operatives starve upon half wages or parish allowance , during the time their former employers are endeavouring to get rid of the accumulated goods upon their shelves .
We arc happy to see that the perception of these truths is becoming more general than it was a few years since . Many of the journals which repeated the ignorant and foolish assertion , that England was cultivated up to its highest capabilities—that ifc could not raise more food than it did—and that the only mode of continuing national existence was to become exclusively manufacturing , and live upon Foreign Corn—havo now discovered the
practical folly of such doctrines . Neither manufactures nor emigration oiler a sufficiently large nor available channel for the ever-deepening stream of unemployed industry which flows from the present system . Let it , then , be turned on to the hills and valleys of our native land , and from its healthful irrigation , fertility and abundance , conjoined with prosperity and contentment , will arise to bless the nation .
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church-yards are still more brutal and horrify ing . The church vault can onl y be obtain ec by the rich man as his last resting-place . Th < churchyard is the receptacle of the poor and even in the grave the same feeling that the } are " surplus , " and had no right to be born at all , is manifested towards them . There was no room for them while in life ; and it appears that , in the crowded town chnrch-yard , there ia as little when they die . Take an example or two . Mr . Charles Scott , one of the City police , in a letter to the Commissioner , gives the following picture of the doings in tig churchyard of St . Anne ' s , Blackfriara : —
Upon the retirement of some persons who had just wit ncssed the interment of a friend , the gravedigger dragqed ftombehind a tombstone part of a mutilated body ( from the hips downwards ) to thegrave , which had a few minutes previously received its tenant , and thrust it in with great yipl lence without acovering ; he then descended into the grave which ym about twelve feet deep , and dismembered the limbs with a spade , and placet them beside the coffin , over which he spriakUd a small quantity of earth . This grave has been left open for upwards of three weeks for the re ception of bodies , having oniy a slight covering of earth and boards . Another person , speaking of Portugal-street Buryiug-ground , says : — N
" 1 have swn scenes in this place , " says our correspon . dent , "tbat made ray blood curdle-jueh borings throxwh dead todies , and throwing up of human bones , and smashing up of comns , an no Christian man should witness or cannibal be guilty of . All this has been going on for many , many yews . The stench is at times awful , and the lanl guage ot the gmvedi ggers as brutal as the work they do ?? Somo may not be aware of what is meant oy the " bonugs" here alluded to . A description of the proceedings at the burying-ground of Christ Church , Blackfriars , will explain
Usually the business of the day begins about ten o'clock when are to be seen two or three groups of persons in the churchyard i » eliwse a place to deposit the remains of their _ departed friends . The graudiggm art therewith huge van instruments , some ten or twelve feet in lenetb in the shape of an immense auger . A spot is chosen-this instrument is thrustinto the eartli to see if there be room -but n invariably comes in contact with a coffin heavu tftruJtsarcttcn made , and ij by bearing his whole ' weight upon the instrument the gravedigger can force it throuah . it » j considered sufficiently de : ayed , and the grave U duo ; COnerally three or four of these borings for the dead have to be made before sufficient space is found .
Can anything be more brutal or more horrible than such scenes as these , which , be it remembered , are maintained principally because they bring profit to the clergy ? The Board of Health , under the authority of the Health of Towns Act , has closed the Portugal-street nuisance . We believe in that case tho clergy are not directly interested , therefore tho Board was brave ; but why does it shrink from shutting up the charnel houses and manufactories of deadly mephitic gases , which belong to the Church and tho Dissenters ? The answer is not difficult . They shrink from an encounter with an organised " vested interest " which has hitherto proved too strong for the Government itself .
It is , however , for the people at large to say whether they will submit to be poisoned for the profit of the parsons , or whether upon fair terms , in which the equitable claims of that class shall be duly attended to , arrangements for the interment of the dead in cemeteries outside of towns shall not become the general law of the land . One thing is certain , that until this be the case , the most deadl y and most noxious of morbific agencies will remain ia the midst of ns untouched .
To return , however , to the Cholera . We conclude b y repeating our former advice—keep the mind free from alarm—avoid all impure food and all excesses—live temperatel y but liberally—be cleanl y in person andhouse . andyou will have done all that individuals can do to ward off an attack of that disease .
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muum R ECE 1 PTS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . For the Week Exdixo Thursday , September 0 , 1319 . SHARES . £ s . d . £ s . d > Nottingham .. 0 12 g C . Mowl .. . 0 " 0 J . C 0 2 0 R . Uaitfeow .. 058 £ 122 MONIES RECEIVED FOR THE PURCHASE OF MATHON . aW Malvern 24 0 0 W . C :, Hanley .. 37 0 0 S . P . ^ lalvera .. 15 0 0 S . P . C ., Elland 30 0 0 r . o ., Learning- ton .. .. 31 0 0 £ i ^ 7 ft ij 6 . B ., Leeds .. 100 0 0 - ° ° TOTALS . [ fnd Fund 12 2 Expense ditto 0 5 „ Mathon ... ... 237 0 0 Bonus ditto ... ;;; ;;; 010 0 Loan ditto ... , „ im 0 10 llcnts from Allottees ... ... ... 37 3 0 £ 276 1 2 W . Dixok , C . Doyle , "" T . Clark , Cor . Sec . P . M ' Ghaut , Fin . Sec . E « ATWf .-m last week ' s Star Wigtou should be 4 s .
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The Amended Coustt Courts Act . —On Satui day two provisions in the new Countv Courts Ac ( 12 th and 13 th Viet ., cup . 101 ) , came into opera tion , repealing tho authority given to the indues t commit to county gaols ov houses of correction and substituting the usual debtors' prison , wher in future debtors are to be sent , Bv the third sec tion it is provided that where a debtors' prison i situated at an inconvenient distance , or is in crowded state , the Secretary of State may autlu rise commitments to a house of correction " an make orders altering the regulations of such hou < ot correction , or gaol , so far as respects tho trea ment of persons to be committed under this aet ' i order that sueli persons may be treated as nearly ¦ } may be in like manner as if they had been comini ' ted to a gaol in which such debtors as aforesa may be confined , notwithstanding the retmlaK ™
in torcc m such house of correction or gaofto whi < such persons may be committed , and every su < order may , from time to time be revoked or vari < by such Secretary of Stateas occasion may require One op the longest answers ever lodg ed ' Chancery since the remarkable case of " ° Sm ' wmuAttwopd" has just been filed ; the origin bill was filed by a loading railway company again a earner m Blackfriars , who had brought actio against the commny to recover for lost parcels a iSjSiSSa ift- ° W charge 3 ' amounting ' about £ 200 ; and this bill was of great length T Sta ^ rt Sf . seveuty -tUvec parcbmcnt siins A Life Guaudsman ( oks of toe Heroes os "Watem 1 iLLs . _ Mr . Thomas Bvuntou , landlord of the Watei Tavern , Coatham , Yorkshire was afflicted fte m months with rheumatism and rheumX Kout his were dreadfully raiutul . ami rtufim » J 1 JSf L ?™
XI unUf t hUul , V W » W . F * ten ' weeksThT ^ SSi ™^! 0 Walk l thc ^ 'ment he received i Imt 1 f , " » Iimu not only hiled to do him any g Stw ™ Vl Iact > m iX considerably worse conS man l » 6 w » he lwd recom-so to them . HoUowny ' s Pills Ointment were at last resorted to . aud by their solo n , I 5 ffig cacom ^ dy « w * ^ ««™ l to health
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POETSAITS OF KOSSUTI , TEE HUNGARIAN CHIEFTAIN , London Booksellers and Publishers , who supply Country Agents with the " 'Northern Star , " may ho supplied with tho portrait of Kossutii , and those previously issued , by Mr . J . Pavey , Holywell-street , Strand , on the same terras as they could have them at our Office .
Fto Arombponiwu!**
fto aromBponiwu !**
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KOTJGB . The Rules of the Land and Building Society an now ready , and will be forwarded fw Post A S" ^ rfe s Vt ^ l' ^^ ± i SS ^ a vX ! ampMocovcrfR ^ By Order , Thomas Cumi , Cor , Sec
The Soeteebh Star Sa'fwk&Ay, Septjimblek S, 1s40.
THE SOETEEBH STAR SA'fWK&AY , SEPTJiMBlEK S , 1 S 40 .
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THE CHOLERA . The second visit of the Cholera to the Metropolis has already proved much more deadly than the first did in 1832 . Thc number of deaths from Cholera during the pestilence of 1832 , was about 1 , 300 , while the number of deaths iu the present year has already considerably exceeded 8 , 000 . In one day—Monday last—tho fatal cases amounted to 262 . Judging from the previous course of the pestilence , it mav be presumed , however , that the maximum
mortality of the visitation has been attained ; and that although the number of cases may , for some time , be as numerically great as before , the proportion of recoveries will be very much larger . The probability is , that it will continue to transfer its ravages into new districts , of that immense conglomeration of houses , called London j and , in these fresh districts exhibit the same destructive force it has already done in those it has visited ; so that for some time to come wo shall hear of its deadly career .
Notwithstanding this very large excess of deaths over those of 1832 , we still adhere to our advice , given a week or two ago ^ to repress any feeling of undue alarm and excitement . We cannot help thinking that the practice of publishing column upon column of individual cases , with all their nauseating details , in the newspapers , has done very much to propagate the disease , and diffuse that general alarm which all experience shows to be the most facile medium for the spread of epidemics . Such reports may be required for thc information and guidance of the parochial authorities , the medical officers of municipal districts , and the General Board of Health ; but their presentation in the columns of a newspaper , can have no other effect than to excite that fear which
is too often thc forerunner of a fatal attack . One melancholy feature of the visitation must strike the most casual observer—namely , the entiro ignorance of the medical profession as to the nature of the disease . Scarcely two of them hold the same opinion on the subject . At the meetings of the members of the Medical School—which have been held for the purpose of discussing tho subject—such a variety of contradictory opinions have been put forward , that it almost seems as if the speakers had resolved , in the midst of a pestilence , to destroy
all confidence in medical skill or knowledge . One thing is quite clear , that the treatment adopted by the vast majority of them must , under such circumstances , be purely empirical . In the absence of a sound and consistent theory as to the nature and causes of a disease , the medical practitioner must act upon mere guesses ; and even in tho course of these experimental conjectures upon his patients , if he hits upon something which proves efficacious in oncparticularcasc , he is not able to decidehow far it may bo owing to the medicine and treatment itself , or to the operation of extraneous
agencies . Unfortunately , to add to this confusion of ideas , and want of confidence in medicalart , thc columns of many of the papers—the " Time *" especially—have teemed with all kinds of ridiculously-contradictory nostrums and speculations , until the public , wearied of euch foolish jabber and jargon , have taken refuge in tho apathy of despair , and practically act upon tho Mahometan creed of Fatalism .
Another point in connexion with this subject cannot be passed over without severe reprehension—namely , the want of anything like comprehensive and vigorous measures on tho part of the public bodies to whose care the sewage , and other matters relating to public health , is committed . As is too often tho case in this country , they have debated when they should have been acting . The approach of Cholera to our shores was steady and gradual . It has been noted , during the last two years , and the time ' of its arrival in this island
might , by a careful watcher of its progress , have been predicted with tolerable exactitude . We had warning enough to set our houses in order , but the time was wasted in talk that should have been devoted to work ; aud at length , when the disease made its appearance among us , we were as much unprep ared as in 1332—seventeen years ago . All tho elements vlvth aid the march , and add to the virulence of a pestilence , were as rife as ever , in a nation which boasts of its intelligence , scientific knowledge and advanced civilisation .
We are glad , however , to see that the monster nuisance to which we formerl y directed attentiou , is now receiving that share of public notice and reprehension which it demands . In thc list of morbific agencies , no one occupies so prominent a position , or is more deadly in its operation , than town grave-yards . Thc burial of tho dead amongst thc livin ^ is a piece of unnatural and pestilential barbarism which is almost exclusively tho property of Christian and civilised Europe , and especially of Christian and civilised England ; Tho ancient pagan world was well aware of the imperative necessity for burying the dead outside their cities ; and it is saddening to reflect that , in the courso of ages , so far from
improving , wo have actually retrograded in this respect . It docs not matter whether interments take placo in the church yard or tho church vault , so far as the noxious and deadly otteota of tho practice are concerned . In the latter caso , it is supposed that tho poisonous gases which arc generated by decomposition can bo confined by encasing thc bodies in leaden coftins . This is a delusion . If the coflin bo very atvoug , \ t may resist the pre « - buto for a time , but at length the explosive force of tho gases cither bursts tho case or opens a fissure which permits the gradual es-[ capo of thc gas as it is generated . The persons who attend tho chuvch , below which such burials take place , broatho a concentrated
uuasma of an intensel y poisonous nature The consoquence is froquent fuintings—the ' sensation of nausao , headache and lauguor . Putrid fevers , caught no one knows how , reward tho devout attendant upon public worship . The death-dust rises from tho matting of tho aisles and the cushions of tho peWB all around is impregnated with tho seeds of death , because , iu order to bring money to tho parsons , churches and chapols are converted into oharnoMiousos .
I ho most , dwgurtmg disclosures have been made ns to tUo prncttco of "tapping" those loadon cofluw , in order to let the morbific poiaou Qsoano ; ])\ rt tho Bccuoa tUat wm in tUo
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EXECUTIVE FUND . Received by S . Kydd . —Todmorden , 4 s . 3 d . FOR COSTS OF MACNAMARA ' S ACTION . tjffi ^ iTti $ & , ^ £ 3 VY sat ^ aftcwft&s ^ rjr . $ - ^ f ^^ £ ii " -nt $ j ( see Notice to Con-cspoudcnts ) , ( if . Gd . i » rain FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS Received by W . RiMn .-Bacup , perj . Wilson , 2 s Cd Busby , a few Friends , per \ Y Uobert « on 3 s < d ¦ iw !?^ per W . Hyatt ( see Jfot& to CorreSndonts ) , b ^ fiodI ^ MRS . M'DOUALL , Received by W . RiDER . -Kovton , per J . B . Ilorsfall lOd Coventry , per J . Gilbert , 5 s . ; KdinbWh , per W ? ffi ° S ' VICTIM FUND . isft Sss ft i * - » sa j— - ; ff ; w
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Thm " v " ? ' Sonl 01 ' s Tmv "< has " ^ ived from Mr Thome , l ' oplar , a JJuiUlcr ' s Price Hook ami n Cicar Casf to be dbpoKd of fi » the benefit of the Victims . * ' Notice -The 5 s . fid . acknowledged in last week ' s Slat A ° Douali ' WaS fOT tUe Victhas aud Ilot for Mw .
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-JL-- THE NORTHERN STAR . September 8 , 1849 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 8, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1538/page/4/
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