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TO THE WORKING MEN OF ENGLAND. U
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Rational iLann <Eomyan«.
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enjaritet inuuiqtnte.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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jjy Friends , While other journalists pander to the jaortid feeling of your class by cooking the ^ diabolical murders and the most tr agical ^ es to suit your palate , the "Northern Star merely reports them as incidents of the day , and does not placard the city walls with the inviting bill of fare . J It is melanchol y—but , nevertheless , it is ijne-that while many journalists express the deepest horror at the committal of the murder , iw inwardly luxuriat e in the umfit . + „ i » ^
rived from the foul deed . jfy friends , no man hates murder or cruelty m ore than I do , and the means by which I Vould put a stop to both is , by the fair and equitable adjustment of the Labour Question . How many thousand of your order are there in England , who , if they had but a given and Ehort . tame to look into the columns of a newspaper , would devote that time to the perusal of the Massing tragedy , leaving wholly unn oticed matter vitall y bearing upon their interest And why is this ? Morally , because their traarag is bad ; sociall y , because they act upon file vicious principle , that "What ' s everybody s business is nobod y ' s business "
Aow , this is the fault of your order ; while fte best proof that I can furnish of my con-Ticfaou that this vice is not inherent in your nature is , that I have never lost the hope of eradicating it by proper instruction . And now that two Sessions of the present Parliament have passed away , and when it is very likely that we may have a General Election at no very distant period , letmenow call your attention to my anticipations , and from recent events you will say that I am justified in my conclusions . During the two last Sessions the European revolutions compelled the Peel aid
Protectionist party to support the Whi g Government , as having the greatest stake in the country ; they sacrificed all other interests , patronage and all , to what they considered to be necessary for tho protection of their property . This constituted Russell ' s power in the House while tie ( Jagging Bill—the subserviency of the jury class—the flexibility of the law—the dread of the bludgeon , and fear of
transportation or incarceration suppressed the oaf-door pnblic opinion . That , however , eannot be smothered at an election j and within a very recent period , the result of the Heading , Kidderminster , and other elections , have taught the noble lord that his onl y chance of continuing in office depends not more upon the purification of rotten boroughs than upon the general enfranchisement of the whole people : and it is for this reason that I am determined
io keep your minds steadily fixed upon the twins—THE LAlsT ) and THE CHARTER . The Charter as the political means , and the Land as the social end . The " Times" is now luxuriating in—nay , gloating over—the fact , that Mr . Duffy , the proprietor of the " Nation , " now repudiates Repeal , and is calling the attention of his countrymen to the Land . The "Illustrated London News "—a very ably conducted paperis also advocating the Land Plan , but for the
present repudiates the too minute subdivision " of the soil , as it has not operated well in France . The "Daily Nods" extracts whole column 3 from the " Nottingham Mercury , " the " Wiltshire Independent , * and other provincial papers , upon the Land Plan generally , recommending the reduction of the amount of land at present held by farmers , butnotyet arriving at the Labour point of the question—namely , the reduction to that amount which would , enable man to live upon the proceeds of his I own industry .
[ The « Nottingham Mercury" tells us , that I whereas farmers cultivating three hundred I acres cannot produce three quarters of wheat I an acre , farmers cultivating one hundred acres can produce five ; thus making three acres well cultivated equal to five acres badly cultivated ; but omitting to develope the GREAT FACT , that the chief capital expended in the cultivation of land is Labour , and that upon the Small Farm system alone , by which man \ -works for himself , can this system be truly I developed .
The Corporation of London is also taking up the Land Question , with a view to colonise Ireland , upon the profession of philanthropy , but actually upon the principle of speculation and profit . I The Free Traders have now discovered that the possession of the Land is the only means I by which people can be put in possession of I the vote , but this is putting the cart before the horse ; they want to enfranchise a sufficient I number of dependent slaves to put themselves f in possession of political power , of patronage , ; and of exclusive dominion over the great mass i of the working classes .
My friends , as I have been frequently misv represented , it is not my wish or desire that ; the "Northern Star" Ehould be made an ! = organ for misrepresenting others , and there-- fore I desire to explain the misinterpretation of J 3 tr . Duffy by tho " Times . ' Mr . Duffy \ does not repudiate Repeal , but Mr . Duffy ; does denounce the professing Repealers , both ¦ in and out of the House of Commons—that is , 7 the professed leaders using popular excitement t and energy for the purpose of securing" place , ; pension , or emolument . He calls them -ilicKi spittles , " and other appropriate names which 5 I have called them more than once to their
g faces in the House of Commons , but he * neither abandons nor repudiates the principle I of Repeal , although wearied and depressed by the deception and rascality of the Repealers . > The " Illustrated London News " while repu-: diating the Small Farm System , upon the >; principle upon which Land is held in France , I- appears to have forgotten that the amount ; generally occupied or owned by a French agriculturist of thai class is from a quarter of an acre to less than an acre ; and that there is scarcelv an instance of one of that class
occupying four , three , or two acres . However , : the Lest mode of estimating the value of propei'tyls by the fancy , the hope , or the value - ¦ that the proprietor attaches to it . And , let me illustrate this for you . My Undo , Arthur O'Cosnob , who is now in the fifty-first year P : of Ids banishment , possesses a very large do-; main near Fontainbleau ; when I was younger , )¦ ¦ and beforel understood the allotment system , I \ was walking with him in the grounds , I saw
I one man going here and another going there I with basket and spade—in fact the place was t swarming—and all going to work upon sepa-; rate allotments , and all very small . I asked \ him what he was doing , and he told me that I all those small allotments were the property of j those parties . I said , "Why do you not pur-I chase them ?' He replied , "I could not name I the price the poorest would take , they are so : much attached to their allotments . "
; Now if it is an admitted fact , that manufacturers , shopkeepers , and others , have a just i right to put a fancy p rice upon their goods , and to keep them rather than to sell them according to the market price , they have a perfect ri g ht to do so ; and the fact of the French people fixing such enormous prices—or rather refusing to take any price—for their small patches of Land , but establishes , not the
mere , individual , but the national value that is attached to the Land ; whereas , as I have frequently told you , the great error of our system consists in the vulgar error-rnay , in the fanaticism—of attempting to make laws jn this day for the government of future ages , \ when men and circumstances will have wholly I changed , andwhen the then generation must I lem ' slate for itself .
I " With their views before me , I have made § t four acres tho maxhnium , and that ' s too much ; 5 J and in after times , when the value of free |> labour applied to the land is discovered , when fe fhe population increases , and when we see
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USS S ** " ^; « ha ? e I ? lih f P ° P ulation ™* » nave , it would locate two million families £ nn 8 toafamU y ' tenmUlion Peopl ^ hut goj still lower , and if four acres is too small nrnL l aCres ^ *> ««» milli on , and you provide free , wholesome and remunerative labour for five millions , at five to a family , upon xess than a thirteenth of the Land now lying waste , and those five millions would be _ thefollvnfin ^ tnnf ] i ) ¦" . | me may urodu , * IT ! TSP " vh *
better customers than all your colonies for any branch of Trade . By the bye , in talking of the Colonies , Canada is going , and the Ionian Islands are on the move , and the loss of both would be a source of great profit to the country . And , bear in mind , that hi my work upon Small Farms , written in 1843 , I to ? y ° JLtIlat we shoiild Sive U P taose colonies My friends , you must then keep your minds steadily fixed upon the political means—THE CHARTER ^ and the 1 $ Si ^ iKS $ HE LAND . And , however t § pS ^ WiSl-Saia of your order may sneer and jeer at thedull
lite oi me clod-pole , heed them not , as they will presently discover that their condition can he only permanently benefitted bv the bettering of your condition , by the destruction of competition in the Labour Market . My friends , letmeno w call your attention to what ever has been , and to what I have always told you would be , the result of a physical revolution . I spent the last week in France , and did not
I meet a single man of any class that did not denounce the revolution and abominate the President . The "Times " tells you of the enthusiasm with which he is received at Railway Stations , and at banquets ; casting a shade over the fact , that the crowds at the stations , and the guests at the banquets , are collected and invited by officials , but do not express the sentiments of the people . He is a second Hudson , he is over-head-and-pars
in debt ; he revels hi every description of dissipation ; he has completely swamped industry by the maintainance of an enormous army ; he has suppressed the expression of public opinion through the press or by public meeting ; and perhaps you are not aware that while the suppression of public meetings led to the overthrow of Louis Philippe , not a public meeting of a dozen persons would now be allowed to assemble in France . I spent a day hi Calais with your old and honest friend Thomas Murphy , of Marylebone . He told me that that part o ' f the town called the Low Town , was
exclusively populated by from fifteen hundred to two thousand Nottingham lace-makers . I told him that I should like to address them . He laughed heartily , and said : — " You do not understand our Republic ; a body of police would have you before you spoke three words . " Then as to Paris , it is wholly deserted , except by soldiers ; and mark the manner in which the ^ Special Constable President secures then * loyalty . There is a great circus in Paris , capable of holding three or four times as many as Astley's . I went there one night and saw it literally crammed with soldiers all
sitting together . There are fifteen compartments , that is , divisions without posts , nine of these were filled with soldiers , while in the other six there were but a small sprinkling , I asked the cause of it , and was told , "that the President billetted—or gave free admission , to a certain number of soldiers , to every theatre every night . " "But , " I asked "if the manager admitted them free ? " My friend smiled , and said " No . " I asked " if the President paid ? " He smiled , and said "No ; the nation . " In a few nights after , I was walkmg past the same theatre , and saw from two to three thousand soldiers walking towards it and going in . The streets are deserted ; the
shops are empty ; gloom is upon every countenance ; the interference of France in the Roman Republic is denounced by every man ; the Monarchists hope to restore Monarch y by making tho Special Constable President Emperor ; his vanity induces him to anticipate the result ; but during the days of Louis Philippe there never was greater tyranny practised , or greater dissatisfaction expressed . So much for tho comparativel y inexpressive transition from Monarchial to Republican government in France . And now read the following picture of the probable result of tho Hungarian insurrection , as drawn in the . " Times" of Thursday : —
All those conversant with Hungarian matters foresaw that the difficulty would he , not so much in subjecting Hungary as in legislating for her . after the contest was over . That some decisive steps should immediately be taken is felt by all parties , but what they are to be is a question more easily put than answered . For a time Hungary Mill doubtless be subjected to military government , but how the transition from that to a natural state of things is to be effected will form the subject of most serious discussion in a series of Cabinet Councils which are about to be held . The deficiency of the last half-year amounts thus to above 60 , OUO , OUO florins . It is expected that the present half-year will show a still larger deficit , and that of the whole yeav is calculated * t 150 , 000 , 000 florins . This sum adds ten per cent to the national debt .
In truth , the real and legitimate anticipations of the bravo Hungarians will vanish before the bloody and tyrannical power of the autocrat ; an army will bo maintained not only to suppress natural discontent at the expense of the nation , but to place the nation in that humiliating position , which , like the silence of Ireland , will bo construed into national satisfaction ; whereas , if the money expended in the brutal shedding of human blood had been applied to its legitimate purposes—the bettering the condition of the people—Hungary would have remained the right arm of Austria , instead of Austria becoming the crutch of Russia .
My friends , I have told you that in a weekly paper , a letter or an article cannot , as in a daily paper , be confined to one isolated subject—that it is in fact a kind of weekly review ; and let me now call your attention to a most enlivening fact—it is a " GREAT FACT "—that both the Duke of Buckingham and Disraeli have come out for UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE—anditis a startling fact—a curious fact—an almost irreconcilable fact , that the "Dispatch" newspaper is roused to madness by the FACT .
My friends , I have not only told you , but I have stated in the House of Commons , that if you had your rights I would not care whether the POPE , the DEVIL , or the PRETENDER was on the throne , because , if any attempted to violate that constitution which guaranteed those rights , the power that created could destroy ; and so with regard to Universal Suffrage . I care not whether it is carried by Buckingham and Disraeli , by Peel , by Russell , or by Walmsley , so long
as Feargus O'Connor and his Old Guards will take care that it is not perverted to evil purposes . But is not the day of auction come ? " It is a GOOD CAUSE , but in BAD HANDS . " I do not care what hands it is in—I do not care who accomplishes it , provided it is carried ; and , as I often told you , the cause of agitation and the misery of the people arise from , and is based upon , the ambition of leaders , who will . allow nothing to be done except by THEMSELVES . "'
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Ido not see the " Hereford Journal" often—I believe few do—but I remember , some time ago , the proceedings of a meeting being published in that paper , over which a Right Reverend Father in GoD presided , and at which a practical farmer stated that he would be afraid to say what could be made of an acre of ground by spade husbandry , but that he would estimate it lowl y at 40 / Well now read the following extract from last Sunday's " Dispatch ? and taken from the Hereford Journal" Here it is — . . *> not . « * the « ffa ^ Jo ^
aroftMm ^ mm hSi ^ S ff anareturnedtotlieirna « wdistricts , K 3 h ° as ^ LMtweekheattendedto give nn account tfWrtSESu ^ L ^ T 'J ^ I ^ ^ tingham , and xvaT- ^ reelected" by acclamation , but such account can scarcely have been perfect , inasmuch as he never once mentioned : fl >^ Nb ^ lfe ^ 8 fmy ?^ w ^ K ^* lfaf " n ' ftr at o' ' i -n 3 ' • I ™""" ' * WdH nut at Smg a , End since the Conference . I cannot be at two places at the same time , like Sir Boyle Roach ' s bird . A very few—about six or seven out of the hundred and thirty—who did receive tho Aid Money , and whose land was cultivated , and who paid no rent , but hoped to sell the crops and walk off—were distrained by Mr . O'Connor ' s orders , not by him in person ; and every man who purchases , and doeB not pay the Company ' a demands , shall be ousted ; and every man who does not pay his rent shall be ejected , and then the " Dispatch ' will probably think that the affairs of the ? J ™ Pi X are placed in the handa of
. HONEST TRUSTEES . My friends—look out ! there are breakers a-head ! andif the newreformers repudiate the co-operation of the Duke of Buckingham and Disraeli for the accomplishment of Universal Suffrage , then do you believe , as I shall believe , that they are not sincere in their professions , because , if they were , " MEASURES , NOT MEN , " would be their object . I conclude with the following invitation from the Bromsgrove Estate , which will convince you of the value of the Land Plan , when industry is properly applied : —
HOHODaEDbtt , —At a foil meeting of the occupants last jught , it was unanimousl y agreed to invite , when on your intended tour , to make it in your way to pay us a visit . Should you comply , we shall feel ourselves greatly honoured , ana , we trust , that you will be equally gratified bytbemspectionofour happy homes , and improvement upon the Land . On behalf of the occupants , _ ., , Hesry Gbets , Secretary . Great Dodford , Bromsgrove , September 11 th . In reply , I have only to say , that I shall bmost
e happy to accept the invitation . I should have added to my comment upon the " Hereford Journal "—or rather in reply to a fallacy that appeared in that paper , as well as in the " Sun" and other papers—that I did treat of the . Land Plan at Nottingham , although it was wholly apart from the subject upon which tho meeting was convenednamely , my dismissal or re-election .
I cannot conclude this Letter without putting you in possession of another " GREAT FACT . " There has been a meeting of the new Reform Association recentl y held at Greenwich , and to which , as representative of the borough , Admiral Dundas—one of the Lords of the Admiralty—was invited . His answer to the Secretary was an apology for . his nonattendance , with tho assurance that in tho next Session a FRIGHTFUL reduction in both Army and Navy would take place , and a LARGE EXTENSION OF THE
SUFFRAGE WOULD BE GRANTED . Now , what think you of such an announcement coming from one of the Lords of the Admiralty ? And why ? Because , if there was a General Election to-morrow , the Protectionists would have a tremendous and overwhelming majority , as not only the counties in England , but nearl y the whole of Ireland , would elect Protectionist representatives ; and Ministers ever base their policy upon expediency instead of principle ; and tho dread of losing office has convinced Lord John
Russell that the time has arrived when prudent and timely NATIONAL , and not CLASS CONCESSIONS , must be made . So , hurrah for the Charter and the Land ! Happiness , contentment , peace , and prosperity to all ; and may the day arrive , and speedily , when the Press of the country will derive more profit from telling truth than telling lies of the people Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend , Feargus O'Connor .
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SNIG'S END . A highly important and full meeting of the allottees of the above estate was held in the School-room , on Friday evening , August 31 st , for the purpose of considering the best means of forwarding the true interests of the Land Company , and those of the personscomposing the assembl y . Mr . John Kinross in the chair . The CiiAntMAN said , Messrs . Clark and Doyle would open the questions that were to be discussed , and he hoped each allottee would fearlessly and candidly give his opinion relative to them . Mr . Dotle entered into the present position of the Company ' s property upon this estate , and in the course of his address showed that many individuals took possession of allotments in open violation of its
laws , and that the Directors were necessitated , in vindication of those laws , and for the upholding of the interests of the members generally , with whose money had been purchased the present estate , to resort to such measures as would compel those individuals not only to restrict the laws but to comply with their spirit . He also impressed upon the allottees that they owed a duty—a solemn duty—to the Company—and that duty consisted in assisting its officers to protect the property , for the safety of which they were held responsible . Mr . Clark made a powerful and eloquent appeal to the meeting upon the right the Company had to claim ttieir . aid iu securing , for the future , a
constant adhesion to the laws which were stamped with the sanction of the vast majority of their members , through their representatives , in previous conferences . He also suggested tho propriety of forming a committee to carry into effect the views of Mr . Doyle and himself , and likewise recommended they should hold frequent meetings , having for their object mutual instruction ; and they might , in time , form a library and reading class in tho school , which would prove , mentally and morally , of much advantage to themselves and their offspring . Messrs . M'Cielasd , Boswell , Kinross , and Comjsojum severally addressed the meeting in effective speeches in support of the preceding speakers .
The following resolutions . were duly moved , seconded , and passed unanimously : — "That this meeting repudiates the opinion enunciated very frequently by many persons , that it is not the intention of the allottees upon this estate , to pay rent for their allotments ; and that this meeting , composed as it is of nearly the whole of the allottees , not only discountenance such opinion or statement , as unfounded in truth , but in order to prove its utter fallacy , solemnly declare their inlention is
to pay the rent due by them to the Company as soon as possible , and which they know they are bound to do , by every principle of honour , honesty , and common justice " " " That a committee of ten of the allottees be appointed , with power to add to their number , whose dutj-it shall be to watch over the general interests of the Company , so far as their property in this estate is concerned ; and when theyfind that it is the indention of , any allottee . to sell the . right . to dossession of his allotment , without communicating
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sippplil SdtheW ^ aw- hs ¦ afio . tment . and not S ^^ sss-t eass mutual benent foKch W ^ ' T ^ is ^ llisiPpi Mr . f / Obnnor . knilHai 1 - a ? firmed by , > , ! ^ i !^ S « w decW to serve moon the coittWitteoVMessra ¦ Wrv&vZrPW f y ^ : ^^^ with . ttofc ^
- * Kinros 3 , ViBoswei ; , We t ^ 3 ^ K ^ ' B i : and ' Brown , ' a ? l 4 ; Ram say : esfc ' J * ' ^ est > Culhngham , % ff 0 m £ ^ BB legitimate demands imposed by itsru es ^ It , lations ; and that through the exertions « f ? L S mittee , aust ^ ceedmg 8 . .. shalf m future be prevented " J P , A vote , of thanks was then given to the chairman for / Ins praiseworthy conduct during thieve nTnga business ; and the mooting dispersed . muau &
. ^? & . ? - ~/* the llsual weekly meeting of this riSS&Ll - V ° llomnS resolutions were agreed to •> Tp& | i ; jShe event of the money not being forth ' - coming m time-to complete 4 he .. ; purchaso of the Matnon estate , that a sufficient amount bo drawn from the available capital of the National Land Company to effect that purpose "
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MR . G . W . WHEELE R AND THE HULL LAUD MEMBERS . 10 IHB EDITOR 09 THE NORTIIKRN STAR . Dear SiR , ^ May I beg tho favour of th e insertion of a few lines in reply to an article from Hull , respecting the case of myself vcnW Pool . I should not have troubled the public with our dispute but j r « X S man 1 f th A fc their ^ representation !; should not be allowed to pass uncontradicted The following is a brief statement of the facts --In March , 1843 , 1 sold to Mr . Pool the riffht to a location on four acres , drawn the November preceding I have letters received from him , thanking me for ettin ffhimhaveit ; even on the lGfch of October he still expressed his satisfaction , but asked me to mako him a present of a coloured portrait of F . O'Connor , Esq ., which I did . JudM h ™ mv «„»
prise , in December , to be applied to to return the m 0 , ne / 1 onl ? - I ? ossibl 0 ' asI ] m ( 1 spent that and 4130 besides , m the purchase and improvement of my allotment at O'Connorville . So far from mv refusing to come to any terms with him , I wrote seven letters to him , none of which ho thought proper to answer . I applied to Mr . O'Connor , who kindly wrote to him , and guaranteed that he should be located on Great Dodford , on tho 1 st of last June , but he had not even the courtesy to answer that . Who was it then who would not come to terms ? The day after the death of my mother he served me with a writ , and in consequence of Mr Ginnery ' s advice , that judgment should go by de l fault , so as not to prejudice the applica tion for the registration , the consequence to mo was , that all mypropei'ty , live and dead stock , and all my aged father s goods were sold , leaving me without a
penny , or a penny ' s worth of anything . But even this did not satisfy the vindictive feelings of Mr Pool , for proceeding on the plan of ' ruin them by expenses , " he brought an action against my father for claiming his own tilings ; and just when he thought my harvest would be ready , took my body and sent me to gaol , where I may lie for ever , as I have nothing even to pay the court fees , let alone a lawyer I sent a detailed account to the Conference to prove that these proceedings had cost me £ 53 7 s 8 d He has sold all my tilings , and I have had all my growing crops seized , so that I have no means at . my disposal . These are tho facts , and let the Land members judge , whether if all this happened by following the advice of their solicitor , Mr . Roberts and to forward tho registration , I had not iust ground for seeking somo compensation at their hands . ¦ Respectfully yours . tt i / i « i « . ' G > > Wl Wheeler . Hertford Gaol , September 10 th .
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Bomon . —At the monthly meeting of the Land and Chartist members , on Sunday last , the following persons were elected officers and committee men : — James Turner , John Ainswoyth , Thomas Parkinson , Thomas Brinille , James Vickers , Robert Moore president ; Thomas Smith , librarian ; and Peter Skelton , secretary , to whom all communications are to be addressed to 3 , Houghton-street , Bolton . Betiin . u , Green . —On Sunday evening last , a meeting was held at tho Weaver ' s Arras , Pelhanv street , for the purpose of raising contributions for the support of the wives and families of the political victims . Mr . Gary was appointed to t ! ie chair . Mr . Fidgo read the leading articles from the Northern Slar , which wore listened to with < n'ca * attention . Mr . M'Grath delivered a short address after which a c&lleetion was made in aid of the
Victims Fund . It was then resolved that the meeting at its rising , should adjourn till Sunday evening next , at eight o ' clock , then to meet at tho Whittington and Cat , Church Row , to devise measures for the diffusion of democratic principles , and for raising the means of supporting the victims . A vote of thanks having been passed to the chairman tho meeting accordingly adjourned . Halifax . —At a meeting of members , held on Monday last , in the Working Man ' s Hall , the following persons were elected as Councilmen for the ensuing quarter . Benjamin Wilson , Isaac Clissitt , William Lancaster , John Sutclift ' e , John Edwards , president ; Thomas Holder , treasurer ; John Sherry ' secretary ; George Webber , Corresponding Secretary . AH communications for the Halifax Chartist Association , to be addressed to George Webber Corresponding Secretary , 7 , Range Bank , Halifax !
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« U >| TO THE CHARTIST BODY . Friends , —Joseph Williams , one of the five persons , who was confined in the House of Correction Westminster , along with Ernest Jones , ha 3 been released from his punishment and all the pains of this life by a fearful disease . | IIo is dead , and horrible to relate , has left a wife and six children to morn his loss . He ended his days in a prison , and in the companionship of connected felons . No soothing words of filial love , or connubial affection , were permitted to smooth the exist of tho " convicted Chnrtist , " on his way to " thilt bourn from whence no traveller returnotli . "
Sharp , another of tho " convicted" ones , is at this moment lying on a bed of illness , from which , according to a , report wliicli has been furnished to us , he is never likely to rise . You will see from the report of the coroner ' s inquest , that wo lost no opportunity of getting at the real cause of the death of Williams ; two eminent professional men were employed by us to attend the iuquest . This step was taken in order that the government and the c ountry might see , that the poorest Chartist has his friends , and that his death is a matter of moment and regret . Poor Williams declared before his death , " that he was tho victim of cold and stm-vation " He along with Ernest Jones and Sharp , bavin * recently undergone a punishment of solitary confinement upon no other diet than nineteen ounces of broad ' a pint of gruel , and water , daily , for six consecutive i ' l . " . ^ wto th » treatment that Williams attributed his death . .
_ Under these circumstances , we felt it to be our imperative duty , to employ counsel to watch the proceedings at the inquest , and by so doine we incurred a debt of £ 3 13 s ., which , of course , the Chartist body will willingly discharge . There is also another duty which we owe to our incarcerated friends , and that 18 tO poilP in from all parts ol the country memorials , pvayingfovan amnesty to all persons at present conSned in England for political offences . Lei the memorials be written in the most temperate language , and , by all means , let care be taken not to employ a single word calculated to defeat the object of the memorials . Let them be addressed to the Home Secretary ; and , where possible , let tho signature of the Mayor , or any other localjfunctionavy , be attached . 1 v , ?• y "esil'aole that the signatures of members of Parliament be procured , as in many cases they may . ' '
It is the wish of the Committee that all money for the defrayal of the legal expenses , bo sent to n i r lark ** tUo Land Office , 144 , High Ilolborn , London . R . Side , B . Navely , P . M'Giuth , J , Arnott , J . Milne , w . Aixnutt , J-. Brown , W . Dixos , ¦ W . Collins ,- . T . Curk , S . Booniiam , Secretary .
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TIIE WRIT OP ERROR FUSD . Dear Sib , —I bog leave to acknowledge the recept of your letter of the 5 th inst ., relative to the case of Mrs . M'Douall , and wo have had a meeting of the committee , who are all of opinion that the surprise which you allude to , was caused by your stating that , if the parties did not write to you , that you must fall back on tho alternative , viz ., ask the prisoners to make a claim . * But as this affair is settled by tUouonevs themselves , and that to all our satisfaction , we respectfully beg leave to suggest that no more be said about it , only to return our meed of thanks to those who have contributed the money , and also those who have been instrumental in raising tho same .
The committee ave awavo of tho importance of your remark , that hud you paid the money over to Cobbctt when requested to do so , it would have beeninow nill . The committee have great hopes of placing Mrs . M'Douall in such a position as to clear her of all demands , and to stock her place with a variety of small waves , china and earthenware , in addition to her publications , for one thing will help the other . You will please favour us by inserting in tho Star our kind thanks , along with Mrs . M ' Douall ' s acknowledgment of the receipt of the money , to those honest hearts who gave to relieve her distress . Yours very respectfully , Asbkew M'Pie . Liverpool , September 9 th , 1819 . Mr . Rider .
Sir , —I , this day , received your letter containing Post Office-orders for tho sum of £ 11 7 s . 9 d ., also , tho postage stamps . Thanking you , Sir , for your kind wishes for my husband , myself , and family , and also for your trouble , I remain , yours , &c . M . A . M'Douall . 71 , Front Portland-street , Sept . 7 th . Mr . Rider , London .
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* A claim had been mdirectly made upon me , which I could not entertain without the consent of the subscribers , which will account for my making the remarks I did in the Slar of . thc 1 st inst . This explanation will , I trust , satisfy the committee , who , I verily believe , exert themselves to the utmost in furtherance of Mrs . M'Douall ' s welfare . I only wish thoy had considered the whole , and not a puvtof the paragraph . The latter portion ought to have satisfied them . It was as follows : — "Iflreceive no reply , I must act on the only alternative , namely : Ask the Victim Committee , and the prisoners sentented to , or subjected to labour , either to make a claim upon me , or exonerate me from blame , should I remit the whole amount to Mrs . M'Douall . " In compliance with the wish of the committee I give the acknowledgement of the receipt of the money . W . Eider .
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THE CHARTIST ORATORS . TO MR . IIOLYOAKE . Sin , —I believe that the astounding assertion you made at the commencement of youv lecture last Sunday night , in the Hall of Science , City-road , on your subject of " paid orators , " "that several Chartists were in the pay of tho Tories , to oppose the Corn-law league in their meetings , " has no foundation for truth , and is entirely unworthy of your general good sense as a public teacher . Surely wo do not stand in need of slanderers and vitupcrators in our own camp of our conduct . Trusting to your goodness of heart , I wait impatiently for the proof requisite to establish your extraordinary and uncalled-for assertion through this channel , And remain yours faithfully ,
David Cateu . P . S . — -I wished the same night , at the conclusion of your lecture , to ask you for the requisite proof of your assertion , but was prevented fulfilling that duty' by the hurried dismissal of the audience by the fiddle-string scrapers . D . C .
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When a person wishes to salute another in Thibet he uncovers his head , puts out his toi'gne , and scratches his right car .
To The Working Men Of England. U
TO THE WORKING MEN OF ENGLAND . U
Rational Ilann ≪Eomyan«.
Rational iLann < Eomyan « .
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r THE MINER ? OP THE NORTH . TO THE KDITOfcw ^ BB NORTHERN gTAE . « iSr £ f } ^ ffc ^ eeks . since tho imnos . . missioners appointed by . the government to visit all the pits andl mines jnihCcbuntry 3 a period f of several years . " . The object of th U demonsS 2 was to urge the necessity of := atf increased num 5 ,- ^ of such inspectors , so that thieves -. of the miners' ¦¦; £ nughtnot be carelessl y cxpo ? MVt p 8 uoh imminent . : dangers as they have been Jftagctq , and as thov ' would be by such partial inspgj | tjo '' nsa . s :. is attomiitei , , to be carried oqt ' -Tijiitb . tho limited iftniW b £ . tvo r inspectors . Thetoiewers of N 6 rihiiSbfi « aitoHV ; an < l
Durham have , hoover , hit upon ^ ip laiij Jo ^ aif'tfia ; inspection may bo ' closed in / a few' yr&W , atiptb ' em- selye ^ relipved / lty ^ .: £ on ^ uenftuB ^ a ¥ " . anticipated visit' fros ) L > joh - ( " At f inee ^ T , Assembl y Hooms , , Uew . &stle , at \ Wc 1 tfPrft& 5 ok > V ? i miips attended as tho goverumciaifcWmmissioner ¦ , SL ? 1 ' M f - M 1 ;> Ward in W ° * i- Yie « -ere Foster J H . ^ rfbhug , GV Elliott , Edward Uoyd , * ' Ihos . Tay oiVWilham Clark , ; J . Joidey / E . Hunter ; , ' Johnlaylor John . Boston , Wmi .-Hunter , ¦ Wm . - i Rarkus-T . J . T aylor , Edward-Potter , J . Johnson , i M . B . RobsonRichard . HocklessThomas Crawl ' ;
^ , , ford , jun ., Thomas HalL-:-: " ' Tho following resolution was unanimously azreed to . Proposed by T . J . Taylor , seconded by Thos . * ° stev : — " That though great precautions ave used to prevent accidents , and thougli tho collieries in . uurnamand Northumberland aro well-known to ha conducted on approved principles , especially as regard ventilation , yet this meeting is of opinisn that Professor Philips , under the explained circumstances of his appointment , ought to be furnished with ample facilities for carrying out his proposed inspection of the Durham and Korthumbevland collieries ; and this meetingaccordingly pledge themseives
, as won collectively as individually , to recommend to their employers to assist in furthering tire objects of the commissioner , and in communicating to the profeRsor such information as ma ? be required by him with a view to the desirable object ot diminishing the number of accidents occurring in mines , so Tar as the same is capablo of being effected consistently with the nature of the miners ' employment . .. That in furtherance of the views of P . Philips as explained to the meeting , the selected collieries are submitted for inspection—1 st . Collieries containing Fire Damn . Wear District . —Hetton , Haswell , Murton . Tyne District . —Tyne Main , Willington Bigses Pit Hebburn , Walbend , Furnace Ventilation .
% K & Wear District . —Seaton Deleval , Belmont , ventilated by steam jet , 2 nd . Collieries containing C . ivbonic Acid Ga 3 . Tyne District . —Mickley and East Holywell , Hanlepool District . —lleough Hall and Thornley . Tees District—Black Boy and Eldon . Medorndcy District .-thrhy Hill , Shield Row , and Dcrwent Mam . ' P . Philips having then arranged certain days for the inspection of the first-named collieries , tha thanks of the meeting were voted to him , and after a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the meetin" was brought to a close . ' The number of collieries in this district is about 140 and many of them have two , and some thres pits to each colliery , so that there will not be far
snort ofoOO pits ra theso two counties . Sow , en tha principle propounded by tho viewers , that the inspection of one colliery shall afford a fair criterion ol the state of tho ventilation in a locality comprising , say eight collieries , for that is tho proportion which tho arrangomente made will allow , thei' 9 being eighteen collieries selected for inspection , and lw being the number of the collieries . Upon this pi inciple it will be quite unnecessary for tho inspectors to visit more than one pit in a colliery , there boil > gjust as fair grounds for concluding-tliut that pit will bo a fair samnlo of thn sank in wanno . Y . fa
the other two or three pits in the colliery ; or that the colliery should be expected to afford r . fcru » index of tho ventilation of the several otlivr collieries in tho immediate locality . ITence we may conclude , that only eighteen nits are likely to be inspected out of 300 and upwards in the district . It is truly lamentable that tho health and lives of this industrious class of men should be made tlio sport of such pigmy arrangements-such despicable and measured humanity . The last session of Parliament passed an enactment called the " Passengers Act , " which seta fcrfch . in one of its clauses , the following provision : — Clause
XVI . —Limit and Vent-ilahox . And be it enacted , that for tlie purpose of ensuring a proper supply of light and air in every " Passenger's Ship , " the passengers shall at all times during the vovaeo , ( weather pevmittinj ? , ) have free access to and from Iliabetween decks by the hole of each hatchway , situate over he space appropriated to the use of such passengers ; provided always that if the main hatchway he not always one of those hatchways appropriated to the use of passeneerB , or if the natural supply of li ght and aiv through the same be in any manner unduly impeded , it shall he lawful for the emigration officer at the port of clearance , to direct such other provision to b » made for affording light Sinclair to the between decks as the circumstance ! of the cm * may m the judgment of such officer appear to require , imd iu case of non-compliance with any such direction , the owner sliiill he liable to a penalty not exceeding £ 50 , nor less
Supposing fifty passenger ships ready to sail from Liverpool , and that the emigratio ' n officer called together the captains of each ' ship , ov vice versa ; and having arranged with them that ho should only visit five vessels , and leave them to point out the particular one 3 , he naming , or fixing tho dates of such examination , and be prepared to certify that the whole fleet would be in the same state and condition as those he had examined , would there not be some noise about it ? Or should tlto inspector of railways have the audacitygto signify that several lines were perfect , while ho had but examined a particular one , the Press would teem with censure and reprehension at the conduct of the officer , and call loudly for I 113 dismissal . A las \ tha
poor miner cannot have acts of Parliament to provide light and air , nov a commissioner to examine his place of work before he descends the dreary mine . And although a daily sacrifice is made upun [ the altar of neglect while coroners inquests pi-ulaim their verdicts of "Accidental death . "—whi ' o our friends Duncombe and others , mako attem ] ii after attempt , to induce the legislature to afford a liko protection to the miner , yet is the minister -. k-nf to entreaty , to persuasion , and tho dictates of humanity — specially pleading the necessity of mrvo investigation—more experience . And that in liospite of a sacrifice of nearly four hundred lives uiiring the first six months of tho year 1849 , and s ' iv , < m the close 0 ? parliament fifty wove at Abordaro in Wales , twelve in Staffordshire , and nine at Wishsiw iii '•• cotland , with several individual cases of loss of ' . lib in
tlvcao two counties . Yet they crave more limn and more experience , while the very channel for . 'iiJ ' ording this necessary knowledge is curtailed 1-y the arrangements come to by the viewers , whoso only object is to prevent a general inspection of their collieries . There must be something rotten in the " state of Denmark , " when so many of tlw chief officers could be gathered together , and in so snug away , th-. vt nothing was known of it until h ' iI was over . Why were not the parties present who may be set down as plaintiffs' in the case ? Tl . e miners have been appealing to the government—have ueen petitioning the legislature—urging the want of proper care and management on the part of the viewers , and . after a lengthened ncrioil . they aro
assured that their case shall bo investigated . Commissioners are appointed and sent down to ilie very spot—a , court is opened , and no one allowed to be present but the commissioners and the defbiuLints , two of the principal of whom make an oration characteristic ot their assiduous attention tt- theso matters—of their great zeal to provide the oomplaining parties with all that science and i \ A can . adduce as remedies—and that they ave at all times desirous of the fullest investigation—and giving a proof of their sincerity by selecting eightci . 11 pits , or collieries for inspection , out of one huudnid and t ' ovty which ave in the disU'ict , and conc \ uviv . i £ "with a resolution , that they will urge upon thflv emplovers the necessity of affording every faci'itv foe
investigation . But why . I again ask , vren > iiO ! the plaintiffs' there also ? surely they wove enti' . wd to have been present . And it would have redounded much to the honour of the commissioners h \ A some parties been allowed to appear in the meeting on behalf of tho miners who had , most assuu-vly , a great interest at stake , their very lives depending upon the issue , and the comfort or misery ui" their wives and families , being all bound up in ' that great question . Verily they must look out ; thr > y must see quite plain that the wealth of the employer caa command the judge on the bench , and by procuring an interview with the very parties whose conduct 13 arraigned , and asking advice and counsel from those who are implicated , thus affording them every opportunity of exonerating themselves to the ^ rcaC prejudice of tho cause , on the issue of which , as
before stated , depends the health and lives ot many thousands of our fellow creatures . It is to be expected that the miners of theso two counties will exert themselves to counteract the certain tendency of this arrangement on the part of the viewers , by steadily going to work , and procuring details of the state of ventilation in cadi colliery , and , indeed , in each pit ; for arc we not well aware that the present system ( extolled as it is by its authors ) engenders anything but uniformity : that in particular pits , the greatest possible difference prevails i rvnd are wo not aware also , that the inspector will go with tbe viewer , and the viewer will take him to the best pits , and also to the best part of the pit ? Hence , lotus bo up , and prepare our defence , for the cards ave now turned , and if wo sleep our doom is sealed . Yours &c . M . Jude .
Enjaritet Inuuiqtnte.
enjaritet inuuiqtnte .
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THE NA . TIQ . NAL VICTIM COMMITTEE TO THE CHAUTIST PUBLIC . Brother and Sister Democrats , t Iu presenting the above Balance Sheet ( which has been unavoidably delayed ) avo return our grateful and heartfelt thanks to those who have supported the wives and families of the Victims to the villainous Whig spy system .
Being fully aware of the pecuniary circumstances in which many of you are placed , and the numerous appeals that have been made to your sympathies , and also the disorganisation now existing , it is with extreme regret that the state of the funds compel us again to appeal to you—we trust for tho last timefor renewed energy in the cause of suffering humanity . Our liabilities , at the paltry sum of three shillings to the wives , and sixpence to each
child under twelve years of age , amount to about Six Pounds Ten Shillings per week ; but duringthe last fivo weeks half the required sum has not been received , indeed , on Friday last , one shilling to those without , and one shilling and sixpence to those with families , ( of five or six children ) , was all that could be given to subsist on for seven days . Besides the usual recipients , we have had most urgent appeals from Bradford , and elsewhere , that we should have been most happy to attend to and relieve , but have not been able for want of funds .
We ask , is not this a most disgraceful position for us , as a great and influential body , to bo placed in—to see those who have nobly struggled for our freedom doomed to starvation in cold , gloomy , and horrible dungeons ; [ See the evidence in the case of poor Williams . ] and for them to have the sickening heart-burning thought that we allow the wives of their bosoms and their beloved offspring almost to starve , when wo can , if we will , prevent it ? We call on you to wipe off this disgrace , and by your response prove your sincerity . All letters to be addrcsscd to Samuel Boonham , 144 , High Holborn ; and Post-offico orders matie payable to him at the Bloomsbury Post-office .
Signed on behalf of the Committee , John Arnott , Sec , pro . tern . 144 , High Holborn , 11 th Sept .
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r - 0 famt COMMITTEE ;^ ' " ' -: ;¦ ' ; s ^ m April Sth , to July 27 th , 1849 . " ¦ ¦ BECEim . EXPENDITURE . . GhMenham ' .. . ' 0 15 . p Mrs . Ernest Jones % \ % Bramhope ; . 010 0 -Fussell .. 4 0 0 Torquay . ... .. 0-3 . 0 . -Sharp .. 360 St . Pjmcras Associa- _ Williams .. 3 13 " 6 ^ tion .. .. : 0 10 0 ¦ —Prowten .. 3 0 C Coventry ,.- . - : 2 . rl 6 ; -Ritchie r . .. .. 2 1 6 Kidderminster M 9 -TVinspere .. 214 0 . „_ . ^^ "
^ . Walsal .. ' . ' .. - \ Q » i 1-. -J- Comvay ' .. 2 14 0 Sheffield .. 0 * 0 i -Abell ; . 3 6 0 Belper .. r ' :. ¦ (> ' 10 0 '—( May , .. 2 4 fl National Ballot . ' 20 .. < V 0 ' —Bezer .. 3 13 G Greenwich and '" . '"' ' ' —Herbert "" .. 2 H 0 Deptford .. - 0 3 6 — Gurney .. 3 6 0 Halifax .. .. . 1 , 10 0 —Irons .. 4 0 0 Dudley .... 0 13 6 -Shaw .. 4 8 6 Tiveiton ; . a ? 9 0 - Scadding .. 3 0 0 Sheerness ... 0 C 9 -Brewster ' .. 3 0 6 Hall of Science , . -teach .. 4 o 0 City-road , . 18 3 } -West .. .. 3 6 0 Whittington and — White . 3 ' G 0 1
mJp' , r ° * ! -Bankiu .. 3 6 0 Mr . Greenslade .: 0 7 6 -Donovan .. 4 0 0 ! *» ' . .. 0 17 7 -M'Douall .. 3 4 0 South London . _ Bryson .. ll \ l Le ^ e kall / Phil- * Z&g " ! ° ° G pot-street-.. i . 3 e _ j 6 nen . - . ¦ 3 0 6 C «> wn 1 and Anchor 110 0 -, Pool .. 3 0 C Do . Hall Locality . 116 10 $ _ Mulling .. l u . 0 GlobeandFnends . 2 16 3 - Smyth , Brad-Heraut , Bedford . = > - " ford .. .. 010 0 square „ .. 0 5 0 —Donaldson .. 0 3 0 Fmsbury , a few Mr . Abellfor
, Friends .. 0 3 6 flannel .. 0 5 0 Westminster .. 0 13-5 Manchester Com-Ernest Jones mittee .. 210 0 Locality .. 2 7 6 i Secretary ' s Salary CripplegateLocality , ( 17 weeks ) .. 2 2 G 28 , Golden-lane 3 10 6 Stationary , Orders , Mr . Rider .. 39 2 7 * and Postage 0 18 7 bmall sums .. 1 17 6 Balance in hand 0 11 0 lotness ., 0 12 0 £ 103 19 1 £ 103 19 1
Audited , and found correct . " Edmund Staixwood , \ . ,.. „ John M'Yeiom , ' / Auditors . John Milxe , Treasurer . John Arnott , Secretary .
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^^ JND NASONA L Tfife JOTIMAT '
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, wLg , i » . ffl mhimmi , BnaiWBHih' v l ,. ~ - > - ~ . — - !! P « Q « wtcr .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 15, 1849, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1539/page/1/
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