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TO THE ENGLISH PEOPLE . My deab EBnasBsT" * tips
i met-with n « t j —« s «« . « jiuuuH « n " Sis . ! * t ° s * as fteoDe « 4 ^ uj for the attainment of that object fi I c ^ S d th ° ' 0 Ugl 1 uni oa « f Jour order , I nched myexcrfment , and explained ife SKLT * % T wasted between the - working classes of both countries .
-Sfi&i ^ SSSSKS nor opportunit y to reply : —
- -.. .. TH BEATESED-IStEraHIPTIOai . i ^ feS ^ i ^ - **?" astonhhment . md ¦ ^ S ^^ aS
"TMKgw sssaBaraar Mf fi ^\ * ? " them « ^ rranged with one of 1113 ftienda here , to come over to Ireland and iriterpose in the agairs of this meeting , J !^ # V todies Uim reste * Tinder a graver responsibly than lies upon this Conference . The movement they originatea has received the support i-SLST * to ^ ^ Precedented extent , the toiKJ ? -T tempkte Me wgenttynecessary wnorant how jealous and sensitive are the preiu-^ orkiWhaTe undertaken . It was their clear and
Pwmary duty to take care that the strength which ri 5 ^ J TCB «? lfcl » 4 8 »* IwreddMniM not be dissipated by any blunder or indiscretion at the Aggregate Meeting . Hence this news was heard with unmitigated regret . For it need not he said that Mere is a wide prejudice among the Tequisitionists throughout the kingdom against Mr- Feargns O Connor ; some few perhaps oil account of Ins opinions , but the vast majority on ouite otter grounds . The practice of the Chartists of Mr . p Connor ' s school to interrupt anti-corn law meetings in England and force their own opinions upon toem by clamour , was not a very promisins
anteceaent t » this move ; and the Conference accordingly did what had now become their clear duty , but aid Jt mtheleast Offensively . Theysenfc a letterto 3 fcO Connor , informing him that for grave and sufficient reasons affecting the cause which he expressed himself anxious to serve , it was their unanimous deare that he should not persist in the course he had meditated . We publish the letter in another page . There has not been time for an answer , but we are assured that a little knot of his mends persist in the intention of forcing him upon the meeting at all hazards ; and flu-eaten to interrupt the proceedings for this purpose .
Thi 3 is an outrage which will rebound upon its authors , at the momeut , and for ever after . They tried it upon Cobden and Bright and behold the result . Other parties tried it upon the Confederates and the result too i 3 memorable . But if at this terrible crisis , whenmen have been slowly and painfully awakened from their apathy to make one more effort for life , their hopes shall be marred even for a moment , to give a petty personal distinction to an individual , woe to the actors in such a scene —their names shall be infamous in Ireland . To prompt and signal failure on the spot , they will add disgrace that shall not die .
But 23 r . O'Connor may be coming as a friend and ally ? Btiends , we apprehend , wait for an invitation ; ^ allies do not rash into your presence , bludgeon in hand , threatening to knock you down if they cannot have their own way . If an Irish demagogue , with a band from St . * Giles at his heels , rushed into a meeting of the Financial and Parliamentary Reformers ~ in London , Sir Joshua TPalmsley would be apt to give such a " friend " to the custody of the police .
we dislike dealing with personal character or personal motives ; and we are seriously anxious to avoid unnecessary irritation hi this business ; because the new Organisation , so far from provoking enemies anywhere , is anxious to make friend . *? on all hands ; and of all sections of the English democracy among the rest . But alliances and friendships must be spontaneous and -voluntary ; the affection or confidence of apeople cannot be carried by rape . Now , so far from having any , the slightest , disposition to require more satisfaction for the above introduction upon my return to my
native land , than my honest countrymen awarded me in their hearty and enthusiastic cheers , I bury it for ever in oblivion , presuming that Mr . Duebt , who is a young man , naturally based his objection to my presence upon long prejudices created by others ; and } had I taken part for the purpose of disturbing or interrupting that union and harmony of the Irish mind which is indispensable for the regeneration of Ireland , I should have been justly looked upon as a fiend and a traitor—nay , I should have considered myself as one .
I attended the Conference on Monday night , but , as I pledged myself in the letter which you will see at foot , to take no part , I remained silent ; while my heart , and the heart of our young friend Thomas Clark , who accompanied me , jumped with joy ivhen ifrwas proposed by Patrick O'Higgixs , seconded and carried , that a FULL , FREE , AND
FAIR REPRESENTATION OF THE WHOLE PEOPLE IN THE COMMONS HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT should be adopted as one of the principles of the National Alliance—a resolution which , you are aware , embodies every principle of the People ' s Charter . The gentlemen who attended the Conference naturally looked upon me ¦ with suspicion , in consequence of the article published in the " Nation . " all of them were on the platform at the great and glori ous aggregate meeting on the following Bight , and every one of whose prejudices I destroyed and dissipated by my speech—all shaking me most heartily by both hands , rejoicing in my presence , and welcom ing me as their countryman .
Englishmen ! I now see Liberty foreshadowed in the distance , based upon a union between the working classes of England and Ireland , which n o trickster shall impede , no tyrant EhaU destroy . Oh ! what a glorious thing is a pure conscience and an unassailable character . Just think of a man exiled from his country , denounced for fifteen years , and threatened to be ducked in the Liffey if he visited his native land , standing upon the platform , living down prejudice , standing forward in defiance of all opposition , and receiving the unanimous acquittal of Ids countrymen .
- » t t ? -,. ji :.. i . ~™ a nninn has been ce-Now , Englishmen , a union has been cemented , which vanity or ambition upon my part , slavish trickery upon the part of those who would selltheir country for a mess of pottage , or antagonism between Celt and Saxon , shall never destroy . ¦ . *_ „ Read the Mowing correspondent between me and your loved and honoured Chartist friend , Patrick O'Hieons's , who has been persecuted like myself , confined in a felons dungeon for months , and denounced for years , because he stood by Ireland when
it was Treason to love her . And death to defend . Read that , and then you willleam * bs&B I was innted by an " evil disposed person , Ibo wished to ' mar the future prospects of Stadlfr interruption , or whether I «• nj S by one tf S » soundest * purest , and S ^ SftfKJKST ^ - -WlS ^ aW
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'National Conference Committee Rooms , Northumberland Buildings , Dublin ««; ,. t * "November 14 th , 1819 . tf \ 3 £ » K 7 ™ ^"" ynMted to the Conference theSif "W ^ te *** ™ ke preparations for rt ^ f iFf gate meetln e Dublin on the 20 th inst ., tnatit is your intention to attend and take part in in ^ E n fiP - their ^ airman , I have bee ! 2 S ? r Mttt 0 y ° u thc desire of the SS . ff ' ^ shouId not d 0 so - ffottog Personally offensive to you is intended by this request : out it was the unanimous opinion of the Conference «? &" Jresence « if a PProved of by them , would seriously damage the new Organisation with many persons m Ireland whose adhesion is essential-to its success , and retard cr destroy the objects ifhich your letter to the secretaries expresses so much solicitude to forward . " ^ n , » ... r fl ,. ti . » , b . ,-,., v , n ., ^ ,. ^ ,.
ji ™^!?* ? r myself » thafc " my Political opinions differ little , if at all , from the principles of the Charter , and tha t I have no personal prejudice against Mr . O'Connor ; yet for the weighty reasons , I entirely concur in the decision of the Conferef oe in this matter . - « <~ ± 1 ? ha . ie the honour to be , sir , T : - ' r "' - " ' i .-: / . •!• Your faithfull servant , t&e&gm ff ^^^^ M" ' - ; S § S *! Kjj 4 ^?*^ o ^ n ^ HuTSrr ace ^ Sotting-hill , London , ' November , 1 G , 1849 . Sir , —In reply to yours of the Hth . I bee to assure you that nothing could be farther from my thoughts than offering any , the slightest ,
imnedimenttothe national movement for the regeneration of Ireland , and therefore you may rest assured that although it is my intention to attend the Conference , it is not my intention to take any part whatever in its proceedings . "STo ; I feel the interest of this movement too deeply at heart to allow any act of mine to impede or retard Us progress , while I think both you , the committee , and the members must admit , that I have as great a right to take part in Irish politicsas any living man ; while I would blush if the indiscreet exercise of that right had impeded the prowess of
the only movement from which I ever anticipated any benefit to result to my country . " My principal object in being present is to be able , upon my return to England , to announce the fact that at length it has been discovered that the cause of the working Celt and the working Saxon must be fought by the workers of both countries ; and however , you may rely upon the power of your Irish staff to achieve your object , you may rest assured that the English people will not la <* behind in the march of progress .
" Xow , believe \ rbat I tell you , after seventeen years' experience—it is , that without the co-operation of the English people , the Irish people can do nothing—with it , they can do everything : " It is upon the vile antagonism created between the people of both countries that both Whigs and Tories have been enabled to hold Ireland in the joke of bondage . " Thankingyoufor your communication , "I remain , faithfully yours , _ _ . , - " FeabobsO'Comsor . " t John Martin , Esq ., T . C ., National Confereace Committee Rooms , Dublin .
FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P ., AND THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE . TO THE EniTOB OF THE FHEEMAN . " Snv—Having seeu a letter in this day ' s Freeman , signed ' John Martin , T . C ., Chairman of the National Conference , " addressed to Feargus 0 Connor , Esq . ., and also an article in this day ' s Nation , in which it is stated ' that some ill advised or ill-disposed persons threaten an interruption to the aggregate meeting on Tuesday nest , ' and in another part of the same article it states ' that Mr . O'Connor may he coming a 3 a friend . Friends , we apprehend , wait for an invitation ; allies do not rush into your presence , bludgeon in hand , threatening to knock you down if they cannot have their own way . '
" Now , to this wanton , indiscreet , ill judged , and , I regret to be forced to add , truculent , attack , I respectfully request public attention fo * the following simple statement of facts which cannot be contradicted " : — "" " 1 . I received a note of invitation to attend a meeting at the Nation office , which meeting was it was stated , to be limited to thirty . " 2 . I was elected on a committee of nine to consider and report what was the best to be done for tho regeneration of our fallen countrv .
" 3 . A new committee was elected by ballot at a snbsequent meeting . I was again elected On this Committee , and still remain a member of it . " i . It was unanimously agreed upon that an aggregate meeting should be called . A printed requisition , setting forth the object of the aggregate meeting , was distributed amongst the members of the conference in order to obtain signatures . I , like others , and in the usual manner upon such occasions , got mine signed by several respectable citizens ; I shall not now state the reasons several assigned for refusing to sign the requisition . I wrote to the country for the signatures of- my friends ; from one town I got seventy-nine names . I wrote to Mr . O'Connor for liberty to affix his name
to the requisition , and at the same time requesting him to come to the meeting , stating—what I then believed that it was to be , a truly national one—and that I had reason to think a resolution to co-operate heartily Vfith the English Radical and Financial Reformers , would be proposed . Mr . O ' Connor assented . I received that assent on the 7 th inst ., and handed it to Mv . John Martin , T . C ., on the same day . The requisition , with Mr . O'Connor ' s name and an extract from hisletter , were forwarded to be published in the Freeman ' s Journal , by the secretaries . I heard no objection to Mr . O'Connor till TVednesdaj , the 14 th inst ., and that objection was from but one individual , the writer of this articlein the Nation , who , it appears , is in a fair way to place himself in an unenviable position .
" o . Can anything be more ludicrously absurd thau the article in the Nation , wherein it is asserted that Feargus O'Connor is going' to obtnide himself en thc aggregate meeting uninvited , while in the very same paper his name is second to the requisition convening Hie meeting ! This is the first time that a requisltionst was considered an intruder : however , the longer we live the more we learn . " I shall now conclude by referring to the subjoined letter from Mr . O'Connor to Mr . John Martin , which I hope will have the salutary effect of teaching gentlemen the folly of jumping at conclusions . I am , Sir , " With great respect , your obedient servant , " Patrick O'Higgixs . " 15 , North Anne-street , 17 th i ov ., 1349 . " P . S . —I hope and trust that my fellow-citizens do not consider me an ' ill-disposed person . ' 'P . O'H . "
2 sow , my friends , I have not tune to write more , nor is it necessary , further than to assure you that no power on earth shall dissolve this veritable union between the working classes of England and Ireland , and upon whoso disunion alone the tyrants * nd oppressors of both countries have ever based their power . You will find in the " Star" a full report of the proceedings , copied from the "Freeman's Journal" of Wednesday morning . Your faithful and uncompromising Friend , Feakgus O'Conxok .
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AGGREGATE MEETING OP THE IRISH NATIONALISTS . ofti aHSreg ate - nie . etinS of Il > ish Nationalists , convened by requisition , was held in the Music Hall , Lower Abbey-street , on Tuesday night . Admission was by ticcket , and the attendance was l « lvT mr buUdia S was ^ rely crowded am ? IV part ' ^ resemd sea were well Blled . hnitl nf n - Crofladie 8 occu P ^ ats in the Sw fi 5 ene 3 k Before th 0 ll 0 « r ^ raed for S the door they were surrounded by large wC ? tw 7 "fT * toobtain admittance ; and was ttL ^ r at h ^ thrown ° Pen > tbe ™ h Tn ^ -i + ? d 0 U 8 ' and eveiy available ' spot was wmnfarS'LCT ^ ° * The P ™ eedinga ! S ? B ™ 55 ? ,. ^ much wUwrfMin , and the gentle-^ Hiuuj in .,. ^— . _
uu . yauy cencerned originating the meeta jasrs ^ j * * - « - *• £ * sriri £ ? & ! XZTs fiffipz&- ' && 2 % » z ^ $ p ? ¥ S 5 tfriSi » ter , M . R . % ne , John Uoyd , Fitzgerald , barris-T . C ., M . Burke , C . S . Ralph , James Doyle , E Evans , Patrick O'Di ggbs , Ac . y ' Grlttln J . p WaStakett 8 t S 6 Ven ° ' clook > b ? Dr
Mr . Stritch , one of the secretaries , read the requisition convening the meeting , and stated that it had received the signatures of eighty dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Chureh , of llO ^ Roman Catholic curates , of twenty-two of the regular clergy of the same ohnwh , ' of 120 maffSes landed proprietors , corporators and ffift Tit 1 I 00 , Ia ? d holders and fa ™ ers , and of 900 merchants , traders , and artificers . ( Cheers ) said It S ^ > f L ^ receivedwith loud ch ee " , said it might not have been too much to expect that some of the hush peers or representatives would be present . ( Hear , hear . ) It would not have been unreasonable to think that the landed proprietora should be there to identify themselves with a proceeding that was intended to confer uenent
upon Ireland , to give the aid of their ad-IT / l T nsel *»»* " wd&ro , and to act with one mind for the good of their common country . ( Hear , and cheers . ) Seeing the absence of such ; betook Kmu 80 me disa JP ° fotawnt . He feared Jrl ^ hi'H ^^ from the P eer 3 or landlords but they should not on that account despair cheer /^ ZW * 1 ^ 'T ^ < Hear ' hear ' cheers . ) If those classes did not come forward to aid their country , others would not be wanting to ? i ^ ^ u JTV , of the P eers and landlords , they should fall back upon the people . ( Hear r '^ fe' , They could rely with certainty upon the Catholic clergy , who emanated from the people , and ! sympathised and defended SS ? £ £ 01
unnoratneirpower on all occasions . ( Cheers ) The success of that movement greatly depended upon the conduct of those who attended the meeting-much depended upon the feeUng of unanimity £ , A f ^ Ould m . ark tbeir Proceedings ^ SriT'J ^ , Thata . ssociation had no connexion with any other body-it was breaking new ground altogether - it was endeavouring to revivify the almost hfeless corpse of the country . The chairman concluded by expressing a hope that the pro-S'gS ? Vhe meetin S wouldbe inducted with order and decorum , that no offence would be riven to . any parson and that the resolutions would receive a cool and calm consideration . ( Cheers ) J ^ ^™ . ? ci thc ^ st resolution to the following effect
: - " That legislative independence is the clear , eternal , and inalienable ri « ht of this IrST' " that n ° 6 ettIemenfc of thc a ^ s * Ireland can bo permanent until that right is recojrmsed and established . " The speaker then prl S ? fU » " 3 k * natiVe legisIat ^ n ™ «> e rfght ot a nation . There were many impediments standing in their way ; but this Irish alliance were deters mined to persevere until they removed efray imi * - denrf / rhnn ° V ^ . ofnat «>™ l fotopm * dence . ( Choors . ) Their worthy and respected XSRi hadreco - rairded that nothing persona should take place in the meeting . He obeyed that admonition with respect , and he there tendered the hand of fellowship to every man who united with his fellow Irishmen to advance the rights of his
native country . ( Cheers . ) He should not enter into the various topics suggested by the resolution but lie would merely say that it was to the poor and labouring classes , and to their interest and their advancement , that this association would mainly look The rich knew how to look after themselves ; the poor had no one to look after them Ilear . ) There was sufficient land and sufficient abour in the country , but what was wanted was legislation m the country- ( hDar , hoar ) -boneficial Initiation to direct the industry , the enterprise ? nll 1 r f ' ™ . ^ countryin a Pr ° Per channel . ( Hear , hear . ) When he recollected the men who went into parliament as the assumed representatives of the people , and when he saw those men drivinc their carnages along the streets and nefflectinj ? Ihe
duties tney owed to the people , he felt a loathesomcness and disgust at the conduct that had been Hitherto pursued in the representative system of this county ( Hear , hear . ) But here wore men now assembled on that platform who pledged themselves that they would never accept place or pension or power until such time as the rights and liberties ef Ireland were fully recognised and conceded . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) For his part he would willingly rather sit down and mecadamise tfie streets for the maintenance of himself and his family than accept the highest place the government could offer him at the expense of the interest of lus country .- He begged in conclusion to" propose the resolution he had rend . Three cheers were then called for , and given for Mitchel : and three for Meagher .
Mr'Levse then presented himself , and was received with loud , cordial , and enthusiastic checiinff and having read the [ resolution which he was about to second , said—The famine has not done it—failure in a brave enterprise has not done it—the martyrdom of noblest victims has not done it ( great cheering)—the gorged vengeance of the law has not done ifc— the blandishments of power have not done it—the pageantry of imperial state has done it—calamity , and terror , and discomfiture , have alike been impotent to subdue the heart of Ireland—crush her aspirations for freedom . ( Loud cheers . ) Let this great assserably , which represents so much of the mind and worth of the country-give to the world triumphant refutation to
the gigantic falsehood that Ireland has lost faitli in her own redemption . ( Loud cheers . ) And let it give heart and hope to her people , that in their present hideou 3 degradation and brutalising enslavement , men hitherto dissociated have abjured , as accursed and sins , their fratricidal cruelties , and will make this night a combined and prophetic pronouncement , that their old land shall achieve a destiny more worthy of her genius , her pin-meal capabilities , and her ancient renown , than the ruinous provincialism that has rendered her the shame of humanity , the craving mendicant of the nations . ( Loud cheers . ) Sir , I recognise as a great truth what has been written by one whose restoration to the service of Ireland I regard as the salvation of
her cause . That now , if ever , it behoves the tribunitial voice of Ireland to have a conscience in it . I hold this to be an inviolable precept , and its obligation I must discharge . ( Loud cheering . ) If I thought that in an Irish assembly , it were a disqualification in consideration and confidence to avow a participation in a brave endeavour to redeem our country—if I found that to enable me to address you , it needed one word of retraction of former avowals , or an apology for ono single act in which in connexion with my illustrious friends 1 may have been engaged , —( cheers , )—never , never , though Ireland ' s triumph depended on the ignoble apostacy , would I condescend to solicit a public hearing . ( Great cheering . ) If it be criminality to have dared the last issue for Ireland , and that you so decree , I glory in the guilt , t Cheers . ) If it be infamy to have welcomed death , that our
country might live in independence and glory , and that you so decree , I am a proud villain . ( Loud cheers . ) If it be an enormity to have imagined for Ireland an era of freedom and power , and that you so decree , I accept the obloquy . If to have shared in the " divine delirium " that sought vengeance on oppressors , and snatched with an holy impetuosity the chastising sword of the Omnipotent , be a horror and a sacrilege , here stands a defiant and exultant reprobate . ( Vehement cheering . ) I thank youfor this justice—I thank you for this acceptance of our services , and I promise that though we cannot pretend to plead our country's rights with the genius of the eloquence thai ; signalised our recent history , we shall prpudly imitate the devotion and the ardour that have had their calamitous attestation in the dungeon and the hulk . Prostrate as the land now is , weakened by direst
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JffliS ^ ? stren s by P s uc and emi s Si ! Z ? " becauso of senseI ° S 3 divisionm this T' ** ?? ' an d almost exanimate-to speak Mdinvf /? mlangua S ° of-violence menance , fnrAr "i * tho c ? untryto rally in embattled army for the Conquest of her liberties , ^ ould bo braggart K Hv-n ° Which J Bha 11 not dcsc 6 nd - ( ff «* . sSv'K r aid ft 5 in crusllin S a fie »( 1 ' 8 h con ^ chaSer of ? S almed for months to blacken the S ^ r SJsss ^ srsff SentoSSf « . * le ^ , ltnate "PPeal ; for if we be the executors of the civil testament of our martvrs b ^ aTT red CCIa I ^ land-they have " 00 SETS&X us a " ¦«» truscthci / honour and — uiivi
> ~ - + h » ir riMYnf-nl-i / v ., it •»«»»— u uunuur anu h S !'» J ' } ' 0 U are tho guardia » s of exaltefctit lthCJe One man t 0 im Peac « their ? iSm bt de . of Purpose ? Is there one man St « S t *?**» them before thSrcountry as recieants to her cause , as acents of her affffi , V hmheve one accLeftomainta „ ™ £ J ™\ S T T constan ° y ™ s a rehearsed TtSl \ Is -, there one false witness to allege thaUh | intrepuhty with which they accepted , as a Stongft ^ tiny , death for Ireland , was a stupendous ^ S ^^ ing , nypocrisv ¦ ? Judas , I say , come forth j-( TrefteiKtoas cheers . )' ' Oh , my friends , I proudly proclaim ; that if we had no Kossuth in the council , we had no Georgey in the field or the camp . ( Loud cheers . ) Sir , I could not forgot what I owe i »
tnendship and recent attachment . I could not forget those who claimed a vindication from my lips which I had promised to them when we were hunted outlaws on the TipDerary-hillg . ( Vehement cheers . ) I could not forgp my beloved and worshipped friend , Thomaspjagher-the glory of the youta of Ireland . I could not forget him who flung with a heroic abandonment the fife of a younheart , brilliant genius , and a princel y inheritance into the people ' s cause—I could ; not fovget him whose great hopes I had shared , and in manv of whose great vicissitudes I had partici pated . I could not forget Mm whose wondrous voice seemed that 11 larger utterance , " in , w , hicli some God twined tribune might speak his gceat revelations and issue his sublime ordinances , or seemed a tongue divine
in which the angels of the stars might syllable their canticles : and thn « , Sir , though the fulfilment of this duty necessitated my retirement from public life , I have dared to bear my testimony to mv worshipped friend and tho partners of his " fate . " ( Great cheering . ) These are our losses and our bereavements , and now for the "Living Land . " Our country yet remains , with beauty to enchant ; with sorrows to endear ; mtllr , TOOngs to exasperate us . what tongue shall tell her misery ? The fearful cry of her affliction has penetrated to the world ' s end . It has drowned the hoarse shoutings of the tempest . It has been heard above the thunderous clamour of the seas . Its tones of vehement agony have blenched the cheeks of tho dwellers m remotest regions . Men have started as if tbey listened to the death shriek of the universe . In the
cabinets of pnnccs-m the marts of commerce-in the streets of foreign capitals , her poverty and desolation have been themes of compassion , and have drawn forth the bounty of the Christian , and th « surpassing generosity of the unbeliever . " God bless the Turk . ( Tremeadous cheers . ) The savage in his uncontrolled domain has heard the echoes of that despairful lamentation , human though unknown , and , for the first time , his wild bosom has felt the ignoble sentiment . of fear . "Whe rever the tragic narrative of her woes have passed , the heart of kindred humanity lias shuddered , panic-striken , and appalled . Here famine , and pestilence , and law—a trinity of demons—have starved , slain , and scourged our people . They have desolated countless homes . They have quenched the fires of a thousand hearts . They have driven forth countless children of the soil
as ravening maniacs , or imprisoned them in their hells of poorhouses . Sir , I say that the mi-government of this country , that the systeraatised oppression under which this island groans , are a perpetual incitement to' insurrection —( hear , hear , and loud cheers)—and \ I say the responsibility of such aredress would not be with those who suffer , but on those who ruled cruelly and savagely . ( Loud cheers ) . Why , Sir , rorevolution , jio matter what the anarchy tharit prOducea , coidd have wrought a more terrific disruption of society than injustice and fostered famine have accomplished . Every interest is prostrated- ^ -one immense ruin is our portion—we ave all slaves and paupers alike . The cloud that shuts the sunshine from the peasant hut casts now also upon the patrician s dwelling the shadow of degradation . Want is no longer the terror of the toiler's home alone ; it has invaded the lordly homes of the landlords , and with phantom hand and inexorable gestures motion them to depart . -And this is a retributive judgment for the murderous conspiracy against the people . Never—till she tear from its red tabernaclethe Celtic heart of Ireland , mi crush it in bleeding atoms beneath her heel , will she name Ireland a consenting slave or a despised dependant . ( Tremendous cheers . ) We are here to night in no new quarrel with England—we are here to open a new campaign in a time-honoured and immortal contest—we are hero as no man ' s rivals for popular favour—we ave hoar as no man ' s competitors for
notoriety—we are here because we believe it possible to retrieve the past and make a great future for Ireland . We ate to proclaim that not the most abounding prosperity which imperial legislation could confer—that not the incantations of a minister who deems himself a magician , because he is skilled in the vulgar tricks and jargon of a juggler—that not the glimpses of a sceptre which for one brief week was substituted for the scourge that habitually symbolised the councils and the acts of executive administration—can disenchant Ireland of her passion for independence . ( Enthusiastic applause . ) By nationality I understand an Irish senate , Irish laws , Irish institutions , tliogreen flagflying free above the green land . By it I mean that this country .
with an instructed and governing soul should rule her own destiny , protect her own citizens , foster her own interests , guard her own honour , and write her own history . ( Loud cheers . ) By nationality I mean that the Irish soil shall have hospitality , and shelter her Irish people . By nationality I mean that Irish intellect shall be no longer . like a vagabond through tho universe , but that here art sliaU build and mould her schools , science roar her halls ; and that in them Irish genius shall pursue the triumphs of investigation ; Irish eloquence preach the evangel of liberty , and . the behests of patriotism ; and Irish poesy sing of irish freedom , Irish glory , Irish valour , and Irishbeauty . ( Vehementcheerino \ ) Courage , old land ! For alread y the wide world
heaves with the throes of , 1 new nativity , aid the Magi of the nations shall again worship at the cradle of democratic liberty , ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For , behold , despite the atrocities that have vent her gallant bosom , Ilungarv nurses her purposes of vengeance on her stripling tyrant and tho miscreant ministers of his ferocity " Courage , old land ! For , behold , betrayed Franco , curses the audacious coxcomb who burlesques the glories of her empire , and sees in the future her proud Republic builded on the tumbled ruins of a foresworn impostor ' s power . ( Continued cheers ) Courage , old land ! For thy elder sister , Italy , baptised with her at the same ancient font , sees too , in the future , tho dawning of the dav when , without
degradation or remorse , she may kneel for the benediction of the vicegerent of Him crucified . Courajre old land ! For to that new world beyond the westera maw , which freedom has all but made her own the refugees have gone with fiery zeal to proclaim thy wrongs , and to pledge its freemen to tho advorwl uT ' ,, ^ and Prolonged cheering . ) TM if on nd . ! Foi > evcn in th 0 8 » % land of Bntain , anobe democracy .-dcmocracy though it flinT / ? ' , asPire t 0 no tliadem - » tho appointed ruler of the future- ( cheersMhat noble democracy , holding the destinies of Britain in its ? h , ? niol V ^ on - hand ' rec <> pJ 8 e 5 the validity of ttiy Claims tO lU&hce and inrifiTifirulpnrn Mlonv ,, nA
cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For thy unnatural and fiercest foes , thy beggared aristocracy , who scorned thee as a mother , and lived on thy blood , and tears , and shame , have been hurled from their power , and stricken with retributive impotency . Courage , old land ! For liberty is more than tbe §««« T ? u of th ? P oet-m ove than the ecstatic dream 01 tho cnthusiast ~ moro than the gross scheme of thc speculator . It is the augustest en-< A m ? u f mankind . ( Vehement acclamation . ) 11 J J ? harter t 0 its possession time has not """ H , ? 'T ftas not abrogated , usurpation has not falsified—Heaven has not revoked it , earth has not erased it , hell has not filched it .
Courage , old land ! ( Enthusiastic applause . ) Listen ! thou ' st told me of a trampled land—a land - Subdu'd and scorn'd , whose very soul is bow'd And fashioned to her chains : but I tell thee Of a most generous and devoted land—A land of kindling energies—a land Of glorious recollections ; proudly true To the hi gh memories of her ancient state , And rising m m ajestic scorn to cast Her alien bondage off . " . [ Mr . Leyne retired amidst enthusiastic cheering ] .
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^^ S S ^^^'^^" fonriJS t - f ' ( of Waterfbrt . ) came f £ ^ rro ? i CllG - i to propo'o the second resolution , lie lelt pride and pleasure in beinff called on to take part in tills great , this glorious re-union of ul ™ ' l f ' S ' ) " 0 thought much gratitilfo 1 t ° ^ m gwtlcmen who first took upon themselves , the task , disheartening « : it must &frn t um * « Dd concentrating the 3 Sfntf \ ° pubhc , OI ) inion - and combining them > nto such a mass of strength and intelli gence as that which formed this glorious aggregate mooting . ( Loud caoenng . ) Mr . Strango proposed the second resolution which , was as follows - » tw an association to bo called ' TheIrish Alliance ' shall be now formed , to take the most prompt and effective measures for the protection oi tholi « s and interests of the Irish people' and the attainment tSSdSi ^^ andthafcthese >» the
fun-FUNDAMENTAL RULES . I . The means of the Irish Alliance shall ho the union of all Irishmen , the concentration of public saii'ssstr 4 smWmi 1 K # * s * Mf , i ^ i ^ ai cars , sub-committees : for special purpo ^ s ; to call general meetings of tho body , and make bye-laws for tho government of the alliance not inconsistent with the fundamental rules . That half of the council of the Irish Alliance do go out at the end of each half year , but that they be competent to bo re-elected .
Ill The funds of the alliance shall be audited , and tho accounts published once a quarter ; and all accounts , before payment , shall be submitted to , and approved of b y , tho committee of finance . IV . Xo resolution or othor business shall be brought before the alliance of which a week ' s notice in writing , posted in tho council room , shall not have been previousl y given ; and no resolution for altering any fundamental rule shall be brought forward without having received the sanction of the council . V . Neither the alliance , nor any member of iit , shall be considered , to be bound by any opinion , expressed by any individual , at any meeting thereof . B
VI . Each member of the courcII shall subscribe a pledge , binding him to refrain from accepting or soliciting place , pension , or patronage , from any English government who will not make the object ot tho alliance a cabinet question ; and binding him not to vote for or support any candidate for parliamentary representation who will not take a similar pledge against thc solicitation of government patronage ; and that any member of the council who shall be known to have violated this engagement shall be removed therefrom , and from " the alliance . " VII . All offensive allusions to any other political association shall be strictly prohibited .
VIII ; Sectarian or religious subjects shall not bo introduced mto the proceedings of the alliance , except when it may be required for the defence of religious liberty , or for protecting and vindicating the inalienable rights and immunities of conscience . IX . That any Irishmen agreeing to the principles and fundamental rules of the Irish Alliance , may be admitted a member on being proposed and seconded at a public meeting , and on the payment of a subscription of not less than one shilling . Mr . Strange—That a committee of twenty-one be appointed to manage the affairs of the "Irish Alliance for one month , from November 20 th , 1849 , and to nominate the nucleus of a council •—Arthur Barlow , T . C .: Henry Gore Carolan . M . n ..
l . C . ; James Plunkett , T . C , ; John O'Neill , T . C ; John Martin , T . C . ; Ralph Walsh , P . Johnston Patrick Murphy , Charles Gavan Duffy , Rev . Mr . ¦ Fav , George Washington Vance , John Magrath , solicitor ; Charlton Stuart Ralph , "ff . J . Battersby , Doctor West , Edward Trouton , John Williams , Doctor White , Doctor Grattan , J . P . ; Edward Murphy , Kingstown . Treasurer—Martin Burke . Secretaries—John Lloyd Fitzgerald , Andrew Russell fetntch , Maurice R . Leyne . Mr . Gavas Duppy then came forward and was received with tho moifc enthusiastic cheering , waving of handkerchiefs , &c , which lasted for several minutes . He said , we have undertaken a grave and weighty responsibility to-dsvy . ( Hear , hear . ? We
stand here in the name of a multitude of tho best men in Ireland , to consider and determine what the interests of our country demand to have done at this hour . ( Hoar , hear . ) Twelve months since I stood in the dock of Green-street —( cheers)—facing the power of the English government , and I declare , before God and my country , that I felt that nosition less trying and momentous than I , for oi . e man amongst you , feel this to-day . ( Continued cheering . ) When my beloved friends touch again the holy shores of Ireland , either they shall hear that one old comrade in their toils is lying below the Irish soil , or 1 shall be able to say to them , '' Friends , for not ono houv of youv exile have I abandoned your work—by not one tittle have I altered the goal towardwhich
s wo marched—in not one single point have I lowered the claims , the dignity , or the aim of our country . ( Prolonged cheering . ) What are tho present and practical objects of the Irish Alliance ? The first object is the land . The murder of the Irish people by extermination and exorbitant vents must stop . ( Hear , hear . ) If you had Been with your own eyes , as I have seen , -what tho present system has made of Mayo and Gafaay , of Cork and Kerry , turning corn fields into deserts , and men into beasts , you would expect fire from Heaven to fall down on the exterminators . ( Sensation . ) One thing we can do . A committee of our wisest men , gathering help and information wherever it is to bo got , can frame a bill , expressing in clear terms the actual rights and
necessities 01 the people . ( Hear , hear . ) Such a bill wouM unite the opinion of all just men in and out of tljo kingdom upon it , For , trust me , wlion you have a just , equitable , and conclusive measure to propose half your work is done . ( Loud cheers . ) There are multitudes of men , both iu England and Ireland , impatient to give such a measure their help . One other thing we can do . I am convinced that a majority of tho exterminations are conducted contrary to law , even as the law stands . ( Hear , hear . ) I trust we shall be able to form a committee of barristers , who will contest such cases inch by inch with the exterminator . ( Hoar , hear . ) I know one district in which the press alone stopped the march of death . ( Cheers . ) T am convinnnd
there are many where law would be a still more powerful shield . Tho next object of the Alliance is tho abolition of church temporalities . I am extremely sorry that a question , associated with so many sectarian and angry passions , lies in Olll path . Hut experience has made it only too plain , that while England has such a garrison in her pav , unity among creeds and classes in this country is ' impossible . The establishment must fall . ( Cheers . ) First , because it is an outrage on the liberty of conscience —( hear)—secondly , because it is a barrier lviii " right between the divided ranks of Irishmen ? ( Cheers . ) The third object is the franchise . A public writer lias lately said that the electors of Ireland are in the poorhouse—in the prison—in exilc
-orm the grave . ( Hear . ) The second city m Ireland delivered over to a Tory and Protectionist , is a startling illustration of the condition to which thc Irish suffrage is reduced . Happily for our success in winning for tho Irish people this right , a powerful association lias been founded in Eugland by Bright , Cobden , and tho men who beat the aristocracy of England in their fiercest contestB . They have united the whole democracy of England , and with the help of Ireland , and the natural justice of this cause i believe we shall soon see it won . ( Cheers . ) The next object is the resources and manufactures of tho country . We have been too often disappointed to permit mo to indul ge in any extravagant promises on this
sub-, iect . iiut I do , for myself , believe that by coin * deliberately , quietly , and practically to work by ascertaining what actually can be done and engaging private enterprise upon it , we may work a change in tho whole face of this country little short of miraculous . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Such are tho objects of this n ew alliance ; and now let us see the rules by which it is to be governed Its meanB are to be the means of the Catholic association , of the Irish Confederation- ( cheers ) -of the Irish League- ( hear , hear ) - " the union of all Irishmen , the concentration of public opinion , and the exercise of all thc moral , social , and political influences
within their reach . " The affairs of the alliance shall be managed by a council carefully selected from the wisest and best men—( hear , hear )—who adhere to tho movement , arid that they may bo deliberately chosen , a month lias been given for the selection of thc first council . ( Hear , hear . ) Half of them shall go out of office at thc end of six months , but be capable of re-election , and the other half at the end of twelve months , for the purpose of affording recurring opportunities of infusing new blood and vigour into the governing body . ( Cheers ) The funds shall be under the control of a finance committee . Not ono penny shall bo paid without their order —( hoar , hear , and choers ) -and once a quarter they shall submit to a public meeting and
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/ publish an audit of the accounts . ( Hear , hear . ) Among several ordinary fundamental rules I find two others of primary importance . Ono is a pledge - * • ¦ against place-begging . ( Enthusiastic cheering . ) C AO man can become a member of the council of this Nj MBOCiatipn-flicar , hoar ) -no member of parliament V can receive the support of this associ : ition- ( hear , r < v near ) -who does not pledge himself against the base practice of trafficking for place with the English ^ government . ( Cheers . ) No man can enter our T council chambers who is not prepared to leave be- ^ hind him at tho door for ever all hope of living A upon English gold . ( Loud cheering . ) TUo other \ rule in these words : —I'All offensive allusions to v T any othor political association shall be strictly pro- > v \ hibited . " { Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Gentlemen \ s
, I ask you to adopt the spirit and letter of this fun- f ^ damental rule ; iind I think I am entitled to ask you to do this tiling . ( Hear , hear . ) Oh ! my friends , there was never on thc earth nobler work to V . ^ N be done than will repay your generous endurance . nS /^ ( Hear , hear , and loud cheers . ) Here is a great > sT > kingdom , with all its resources in ruin ; and VCt \\ . \ awaiting but constructive hands-to grow up anew ^ ^ «> » "itely beauty . ( Enthusiasticcheers . ) Will you . A ... v ! U' ? ) lntccts-will you be tho workmen ? ( Cries V 11 . \ For myself there is one blessing before f \ all others that I ask from Heaven—it is , that I may 1 be an humble labourer in the final completion of this V Uoly work of ages . Mr . Duff y concluded , amid the \ most enthusiastic cheering , by seconding the resolution . " °
Mr . Mahtm , T . C ., proposed the next resolution , > which , was as follows : — " Resolved—That tho poverty and miseries of Ireland are mainly attribut- 1 able to abuses in her land system—that tho . ' Irish I Alliance shall therefore devote itself to lay bare \ these abuses—to point out their enormity—to devise suitable remedies—and to adopt all advisable measures to havo such remedies canied promptly into legislative operation . " Ho observed that tho ovils and miseries of Ireland were all connected with the land question ; and he v ? ould talie tho liberty of stating a few principles in reference to that subject , which , if accepted and acted on , would ! fl $ S&fePSt'an , end 4 ovfche poverty-which at nresenfc
Ptvat fedthe country ^ ThosW painciples would have the effect of limiting the powers and . privilogos possessed b y iho landlords , and of gradually abolishing tho system of landlordism . ( Hear , hear . ) That Ireland was the most impoverished country in Europe was too well known to them all . It was notorious all over the world ; and from all parts of the earth contributions had been sent to relieve tho poverty-stricken people of Ireland . The landocracy was swallowed up in debt , the middle classes were insolvent or struggling for a bare subsistence , the ' so-called capitalists of Ireland were surpassed in wealth by thousands of English capitalists . In fact no degree of ability , industry , and economy , would enable a man to succeed iu carryinar on business in
Ireland . ( Hear , hear . ) Sterility of soil or over population were not the causes ' of this poverty , btrangers and natives alike concurred iu stating tluvt the soil of Ireland was most fertile and productive , fho arable land of Jersey and Guernsey supported niuc persons to five acres ; and according to this ratio the thirteen millions of acres in Ireland ought to maintain a population of twenty-four milions . The census of 1841 returned a population of upwards of eight millions , and the census of 1850 might probably not exceed six . Therefore , sterilty of soil or over population were not the causes of Irish poverty . Mr . Martin proceeded to develope a nrouosition .
regarding thc apportionment of land , and involving in its principle the means by which the present oppressive evils of the landlord system wero to bo met and alleviated . The system proposed amongst other features the adoption of regulations for limiting the quantity of land to be held in possession by each individual , and for making each section support a . g iven number of labourers . Mr . Martin entered minutely into the details of his plan , and depicted in eloquent and effective terms the widely beneficial results which would of certainty be consequent on the adoption of its princi ple in the amelioration of the condition of thc people generally , and tho restoration of national prosneritv Mr
Martin proceeded and said—Then he would ask , if such true principles were recognised—if such a state of things had existed for the last ten years , would not tl \ c agricultural population be secured in prosperity and comfort , and would not the population of towns participate in this prosperity ? ( Hear , hear . ) It was thc dispensation of Pvtmuence , and the law pronounced on all mankind , that every man should eat his bread by the sweat of his brow , llus law applied to all classes " of the community equally , save one ; all derived their support by their exertions , whether physical or mental , save the landlords ; they alono reversed the order , and they alone lived and moiled on tho labour and tho
sweat—nay , the miseries and privations—of others . ao individual could have or hold a ri ght to buy out , and appropriate , land , and make a private possession of what was public property . ( Hoar , hear . ) It had been done , and men fftTC empowered to do this ; _ but to say that a man . could do so was no justihcation of the act . ( Hear , hear . ) Man as an individual had uo more ri ght to buy land or appropriate it to his own purposes further than was lawful , any more than he had a right to purchase man s honesty or woman ' s honour . —No man had a right to appropriate the soil of the country any farther than was sufficient for reasonable requirewent , and consistent with the equal comfort and happiness of all . ( Hear , hear . ) lie ( Mr . Martin )
thought that fifty acres was as much as any individual could reasonabl y appropriate . ( Hear hear . ) But the time would come when the injustice and cruelty of tho present unequal distribution of the land would be put an end to , and the people of the iUth century would smile at the fatuity which kept up , and retained for so long a time a svstem so 011-entii'ely opposed to the principles of justice and truth . ( Cheers . ) These principles were his ( . Mr . Martin s ) own , he did not seek to bind others to their adoption , hut tho day was approaching when their truth would he recognised . ( Cheers . Mr . Martin concluded his able and eloquent remarks by seconding the resolution , which was put from thc chair , and passed amidst loud cheering . ( Continued to the Fifth page . )
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COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH .-1 ' hiday . ( From our Third Edition of Last WccL ) MACNAMAIU V . FEAKGGS o ' COXXOR . This was an action to recover the balance of au attorney ' s bill . The plaintiffhad been employed to conduct the defence of Jones , Fussell , Sharp , and "Williams , who , in the month of J 11110 , 181 $ , were tried at the Central Criminal Court , upon a cliai-o of sedition . The plaintiff had been paid a considerable sum on account , and brought the present action to recover the balance . At the trial , which took place at Guildhall , before Lord Denman , at the sittings after last term , the plaintiff obtained a verdict for £ 101 17 s . Cd . ; but uc the commencement of this term a motion was made by thc defendant far a new trial on tho ground that tho verdict was against tho evidence and also upon matters contained in certain . affidadavits which wero read . The question at the trial turned upon whether the plaintiff undertook the prisoners' defence on thc defendant ' s retainer or upon the retainer of the " Chartist Defence Committee . "
Mr . Justice Coleridge now said , he had communicated with Lord Dennian on the subject , who was of opinion that at the trial a strong case had been niiidc by each side ; and though he ( Lord Donman ) would not have drawn the same conclusion which flic jury did from the evidence , he was not prepared to say that they were wrong . As to the mutter contained in the affidavits , they wero not of sufficient importance to disturb the verdict ; there would , therefore , be no rule in this case .
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Deaths of Two Children and a Doo . —Owing the last ten days great numbers of the poor of the neighbouring townships had frequented tho strand to collect nuts , &c thrown up by the tide from the wreck of the "Mischief ; " amongst others two little girls were observed , followed by a dog , and it is imagined that being disappointed in their expectations and exhausted by hunger and cold , tWv had secured themselves under a hedge on Formbv rabbit-warren , where they wero found bv the ' coast cuard on going his rounds on Wednesday morning both of them crouohed together , with the do ^ which appears to Have been a faithful attendant stretched across tho breast of the eldest child , all stift m death . —Liverpool Mail . 1 ubuc
. Houses ok the Tiiames .-TIic law restricting the sale of exciseable liquors before one o ' clock on bumlay applies generally to the steamers on the " ver ^ t the long-voyage steamers are exempted . Hie halfpenny short-trip steamboats evade the law by colourabl y taking out licenses for long voyages , and then they sell liquors to their low class of passengers with so little restriction that worshippers coming from the churches at one o ' clock are shocked and annoyed b y the brutalities of drunkards reeling irom the decks . It seems also that there is son . o crotchet which restricts tho operation of the law to boats " moored at the piers , " leaving them untouched while moving in mid-channel . The police ' nave summoned the parties who originate the nuisance , without immediate success ; but tho Lord ff 1 T $ l * would wait on tno Chairman of the Board of Excise on the subject , is UOTw 10 a letter of inouirv bv tho ahinawnors 19
IwiI t * ^ T " Mnrcfcuitlias been directed J ^ lv ? ° , , rrai ! e t 0 sta ' - that from thc 1 st of iects win . "Vi BN l » itoly owned by British subfo ttTrKf build ! 0 rCglSt 17 ' ° hl < 1 Uh 7 " wSn n n T ? ^ llas l ) : iascd se « tencc of dc-5 lfi ? Vb 0 i Ko - Cl > aHe 3 Kookes , M . A ., rector HaS ^ a ^^^ $ M $ W < M
I Mil
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Tire Ex-Railwat Krso . —Mr . Hudson has sold his Londcsborough Estate , his Octon Grange Estate , hought for £ 70 , 900 . and his Ilutton Cranswick Estate , comprising altogether about 16 , 000 acres of land , in the East Riding of Yorkshire , to Lord Albert Denison , late Conyngham , the heir or executor of the late Mr . Denison . He retains now only his Baldersley Estate , which cost ahout £ 125 , 090 , on which he has expended some £ 20 , 000 , and Xewby Park , which cost £ 20 , 000 . He has made a small profit on the estates sold , and wants ahout £ 200 , 000 for the tvro left . Some will be glad to hear this , as they will expect Mr . Hudson to act liberalls , and repay some of thc sufferers by him a part of their losses . —Herapath ' s Railway Journal .
Post-office Accouxis of Gkeat Britain ; asd thh Uxiteh States . —The Post-office authorities are now engaged in negotiating with the American government an arrangement for better regulating the accounts upon the international correspondence between tbis country and the United States . The suggestions which have emanated from the authorities here are directed to obviate the present tedious and inconvenient system of making up and taxin ^ the American correspondence at Liverpool . It is proposed that either office should account to the other for the weight of letters by the gross , and not bv the individual letter . Thissysteni has been adopted with reference to the French and English mails , and the result has been highly satisfactory .
Waam!H0 Reihm Hdaiuh ,, ! ,
WaaM ! H 0 REiHM HDaiUH ,, ,
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L f ' m & - -- - r * - »* - ^ - ^ u ~ - v ^^ ^^ v pr ^ ™^ ™ " ^ r * AND NATIONAL TRADESJOURNAL . *
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V S Y ' her th HJLJl . 631 . LONDON , iTORDA , NOVEMBER Mjm mm . g * »^^ r ^ i ^ : —; y _ - « «¦» - » . >» « - » , .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 24, 1849, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1549/page/1/
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