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&l)di1i0t SuteUigeucr,
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LIBERALITY OF THE PRESS. 10 ^SKSST8 °*
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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My Friends , ^^ Bdta-, « e ao&of Norember . the fol-SSF ^ ASKsa ^ tt r ^ wsfe « £ ffy \ ¦ £ let me ¦* j ^ *»» •» few aatawant of knowled ge isasufficient justifi-Jnf ^^ g ^ lefc ^ «? - i ^~ ont a w ^ ° f comment whether yon « uns the organ nrofessinfftn «««««»* . t . «> L
pnncipleg , and the new Parliamentary Reform Association , has done justice to those whose monies haregoneto locate their brethren ? ltia notmy intention to occupy your time in defendmg my OVn conduct , as it needs no delence ; it may , perhaps , deserve no slight censure for having made so had an estimate of T jrT ***^* ** g ^^ tade of those , to eievate whomlhaTe spentthousandsof pounds , and nearl y every hour of my time , for three years . Again , Iask you to reflect , calmly and ^ passionately , BpOn . the intolerable rasLlitv
S ?* ofland cdtivated , liighlymanured « d : fcrfte most part cropped , a * splendid cot ^ e , with a pump m every back kitchen , a waUed-in yard , firing for over six mis 5 ? S .. ? e yard ' seed wheat , allotment enrow ^ 5 " * *™ ^ , a double row of apple trees planted at each side of the Jg * three years crops all purchased for gsm , and paid for by tbe . wido&s saving and * tepwin 8 m ' sh arfeannn ^ = ^ t ! n ^< tft !! ose rascals not having paid one angle fraction , and denounced me for asking them to repay 71 . 10 s ., whileohserve , that the very interest of the 501 . at five per cent * for two years , and it w more , would have amounted to 5 L But * my friends , always bear in mind , that THE MAN "WHO TRULY SERVES THE PEOPLE WILL BEBEVILED BY THOSE WHO LIVE XJPON THE PEOPLE ; and can you withhold your laughter -when you read the delicious morselextracted from the Daily Neussof Thursday lasti Only just tlunVofthe holders of these aHotmentstowina paid a portion of the purchase in the first instance , then gamed possession in preference to a very Iage number of wsappomted ^ subscribers , by a tosmp ; then entered upon tnelana without any idea of any rent ta be paid , never SSSS ??*?* ? agreement , hut considered the property THEIR OWX , it is not to be wondered tt that the ™ rfiS should now resist a demand for which they are from cir cumstance * totally unprovided for .
How , reader , if Baron Mtejchjhjsen -was paid for it , could he supply a more gorgeous string of lies ? Just think of the holders , all of whom received aid money , "having paid a portion of the purchase : " just think of the located members—poor things—presuming that they were to pay no rent ; trat to get four acres of land , a cottage , aid money , roads made and fences levelled , out and out , for 51 . 6 s .: and think of the horror of the land Iwing mortgaged ; -while one of the great difficulties urged against the Company by the Hatter—the Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee—was , that it would be difficult
to mortgage it : and just think of every locality sending resolutions to every Conference , approving of mortgage rather than sale : and further , think that the conditions upon which those UNFORTUNATE DUPES became members of the Land Company -were , that they should pay six and a quarter per cent rent upon the first 100 / . expended , and five per cent , upon the remainder of the capital , -which would have raised the rent of four acres at Lowbands to nearl y 20 / . a year . Now , what do you think of those starving , famishing , juggled dupes ? and how many of them have died of the awful pestilence , while thousands of their order have been swept off the face of fheearfh ?
My friends , you can very well judge of the difficulties against which oho who attempts to serve yonr order must struggle . I might have catered for a little popularity by the injustice of sacrificing thousands to the more fortunate hundreds , hut I preferred an honest name and a clear conscience ; and , therefore , after deep deliberation , and consultation with the ablest professional men , I have come to the knowledge that , under the County Courts
Act , every defaulter can he sued and summarily ejected for any sum under 20 ? ., and Mr . BOBEBTS is now preparing the machinery to place the several defaulters in the tender keeping of some local attorney in each district ; and you may rely upon it , that neither the villany of the occupants , { he denunciation of the Press , nor the law ' s terror , shall intimidate me from discharging my duty to those who placed confidence in me .
I am determined and resolved to carry on this Land Plan , ** come -weal , come woe , " and if I was ever before inspired with confidence in its success , the exuberant hope held out by Cobdex and Scholefield , in the following passage , extracted from the programme of "FREEDOM . FOR THE MILLIONS , " \ ronld urge me on . Those practical agriculturists assure us , that ft is ' > ' 0 W ASCEHTAISSn FEOM " PRACTICAL EXPEKIEXCT 5 , TfiAT A MAX CA > SUP' POKT HIM&ELF , WIPE . A 3 I > PaSIILV - TPO . V TWO AC-RES OF I AND . "
I \ ov then , "vorsimj mru , t 1 i . ii do you tliiiiktu th ? n « »* paper 8 tl ;;^ votive pu v for publishing the above—one and ali , without < u * exception , denouncing the man who attempts to make the people live , and comfortably , upon two , three , or four acres of land , with a g ood cottage built , Aid Money given , and no rent demanded from some for five half years —andfromall forthree half years—and having spent nearly seven thousand pounds of his own money , and three years of his time , in carrying out the project ? _ ,
However , I am glad to find that those whose money has gone to locate Mr . Beattie and others , are determined not to be juggled—in proof of which I g ive the following resolution , passed in the Westminster Locality on Tuesday evening , and scores of other such have been forwarded to the Land Office : — WEsraiNsr £ R .-At a meeting of land member * held on Taesday evening , December 4 th . at the Two Chairmen , ^ ardonr-streeC Sdbo , Joto Arnott mflie chmr .-Jobn ITiIne moved , and William Shute seconded , the iNbiw resolution , -winch was unanimously adopted :- 'That this meetine fdOs approves of the intentions of Mr . O'Connor , as stated in last week ' s Star , relative to the allottees who T-pfuce to uay their rent , and we recommend that such intentions be effectually carried out , this being the only course ilr . O'Connor would be justified in pursuing .
Now , my friends , I have to request that you will read the letter of Mr . How at foot , taken from the Daily Netcs of November 30 th ,, my reply , the article taken from the Daily News of the 6 th of December—an d ask yourselves what justice you or I can expect at the hands of the Press , when the Daily News has declined publishing my answer to Mr HOW i And to show you that I anticipated such treatment , I preserved a copy of the letter ; ^ trestlssuVed . thatneitherthreat nariofa . midation shall prevent me from doing prompt and even-handed jns&e to aU partiesicon-Land Plan
e ^ ed irthe ^ V /^ what I have before stated , that I would rather pa ? the stipulated rent for four acres of land Xnany of the Estates , than sit behind a Snter from fen o ' clock till four o ' clock , and srjfittffiiSSSM Sarsta ^ fflfija PT ? nPERTY : and that if four acres will not S fl ^ mu * ^ ve ten " The evil men do dies with them-fte good toaidtotoi ; « 5 £ bYnearl / three hundred Cottages and S £ fSouses tt * I . ^ nilV . nU yet S pointed atastae beginning ¦ that ledL to the Sff en MffiGBKEBAMON ;< and then .
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perhaps , like Henry Hukt , many who now revile me , will subscribe then * pence to erect a monument to my memory . Your Faithful Friend and Unpaid Bailiff , Fjeabgus O'Conxob . P . S . —Since writing the above , I received a letter from Lowbands , from which I give the following extract : — O'Brien read a letter from Newport , in answer to one he sent relative to the distraining , Ac , and which I believed appeared in one of the newsnaners . He chuckled
over the news , and stated that he cared nothing ftr O'Connor , a& be was now able to cope with him , hating th » PDBUC PBESS AT HIS SERVICE , He senta copy of the « Pp to the Nktim , and said , ' I wfll put a stop to 0 Connor going to Ireland , as he dare not do so after the Irish people have read my letter . ' The Committee were engaged the best part of the night in copying the report to send to the various localities . You can well conceive from what I have britfly stated of last night ' s proceedings , the bitterness and malignity of the fellows with O'Brien at their head . He is a . most infamous fellow , and must be settled at once .
To the above , I have omy to reply , that it was against my consent that O'Bbien was appointed schoolmaster ; that I hold his promissory note for 30 / , and he shall not go scot free : and I also beg to inform those whose , notes I hold' to-ihe : smogn £ ^;^ fc ; 'iTai'ftug * fifott 10 / . to 20 / . each , that if the rent'due—or'W ther the small rent asked for , namely , a halfyear ' s rent—isnot paid forthwith , payment for those notes will be sued for ; and to such a demand , I think , even the Oxfordshire magistrates , if they had power , could offer no objection ; whereas , to prove to demonstration that I do not wish to press the occupants , I will give those who pay their rent further time to pay an amount which might oppress them . Those notes are now in Mr . Roberts' hands , and , therefore , the responsible parties can expect no lenity beyond what I hare kindly offered . f , O'C .
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Tins O'CosvorLasd Scheme . —The GalttUad Observer publishes the following letter , dated Lowbands . Redmarley , near ledbury , Worcestershire , November 21 st 1849 , ' written ' on behalf of the occupants of the lowbandg estate , ' by' ilr . W . A . How , fonnerl j a resident in Sanderland f 'We took possession of our holdings on the lCth of August , 1847 , considering before we came there that the land was good , that each allotment was well drained and cropped . Soon did we discover that only a few were good land , while none were well-drained , manured or cropped . These , and the high rate of provisions at that period , debarred us from applyidg our aid money as we would , had we had before us on the land what was so often promised andwluch we had anticipated ; consequentl y , -mi ^ cro p ' , ping time came , each who had not merns exclusive of whit was doled out by the Company had not wherewithtopursne operations . A loan of £ 5 per acre was granted , but few got it in proper tune to enable them to crop their land . This and combinea to
our inexperience . leave us in 1818 scantv crops . Then carao the potato bli ght , which drove many good men from us . Those who remained had to drag out a jmserable existence , often wanting the common necessaries Of life . } fo pen can pourtray the sufferings we endured \ m totheharvestofl 849 ; since which , it is true , our conditions are much improved , and every appearance of succesi crowning our endeavours ; when F . O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., comes forward , through his agents and servants , and demands ono half-year ' srent , atthe exorbitantrateof £ 15 for fouracres , & 1 Z for three acres , and rfll for two ecres . As we were mot able to pay , he actually laid die tresses on some of our premises for two and a half year ' s rent ; that is £ 3710 s . for four acres ; and on * has been laid for that sum on two acres ; though last Christmas he publicly pledged himself , through the columns of ^ the Northern Star , to pay for the occupants on this estateone year ' s renteaeh , which was a eood Christmas-box . One of those on whom a distress is now laid , Thomas lee , has expended on his own
allotment £ 138 of his own hard earnings . exclusive of the money allowed by the Company withal . He fears not of succeeding , c « uld he but obtain time . Indeed we have no desire to defraud the members of the Land Company of one penny , provided due time beallowed anda fair rental established ; but we do earnestly hope that the ' public voice will be raised in ourbehalf , thereby preventing the crying injustice of enticing a body of men fiim their usual avocations , and after two and ahalf years' of suffering , send send them adnfton the world , man j with large and helpless families . Some of us have paid over £ 80 for right of location alone . Repeatedly have we entreated Mr . O'Connor to come amongst ns and arrange matters . Even a most respectful letter was addressed to him by the females on the estate , soliciting his presence—without avail . Often have we been vilified—represented as idle , la ^ , dissipated , grumblingfeUows . If so , it is rather curious forallbehig so , inasmuch as that no one here has yet sneceeded . Some Of us are are teetotallers of twelve and sixteenyears' standing . —W . A . How , Chairman . '
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE DAILY 5 EWS . Sir , —As "A plain tale is best being plainly told , " may I request insertion of an answer to the letter of Mr . ^ Y . A . How , of Sunderland , now located on the Lowbands Estate , and which appeared in the Daily News of Friday last . The allottees took possession of their allotments on the 16 th . of August , 1847 . Every allotment was highly cultivated , and for the most part cropped . A portion that required draining was drained , and tUes given gratis to those who wished to drain more , while toe land required but little draining . There was more manure put out upon the farm in that year than had been put out within the previous twenty years , and of the very best description . As to the value of the land , the quantity is 160 acres I paid £ 8 , 100 for it , which is something more than £ a ( i an acre , and a competitor , who knew the value of the land , bid £ 8 , 080 . The rent paid
by the previous occupant was , I think , £ 3 C 0 a year . The terms upon which occupants hold are four per cent , upon the outlay ; and see what that would amount to according to expenditure . - Four acresof land , at £ 50 an acre ... £ 200 Cottage , with outbuildings , inclosed jar j l , with esery necessaiT accommodation for a family , and pain f rom Ligh road to each couage , about ] 50 Ex-poiiso c-f cuiiiration , £ 210 s . an ucre ... 10 . V-i TiW . it >; 3 f Tote ] , ( not including grubbing and leveling ell fences , ni . iiu-. i-j several mitei of road , leveling banks , filling up iranjense pits , rnakiuv j ^ j , ^ e oak fencing , bni . ' dmg strong v ' urn and puttins up strong gates , a several leading " en- trances from the high road , ) £ 370
iow , sir , if you take the interest upon the amount actually expended upon each allotment , at four per cent ., you will find , without incluuin " legal expenses of conveyance , that the rent woulu amount to nearly £ 15 a year , while I named that sum , not for the good and bad land , but ns the average rent upon the estate , stating , at the same time , that the amount fixed in each lease would be according to the estimated value of each allotment . Mr . How says , that £ 5 per acre , or £ 20 to four acres loan money , was granted when it could have been of no use . Xow , sir , mark my reply . In August they took possession ; in November I granted them a further loan of £ 20 , and I sent them the best seed wheat from Oxfordshire , having prepared the ground for wheat . Add to these advantages , each man had as much firing placed at his door as would last for more than six months .
In the followmgspnng , I sowed over sixteen miles of French furze , dividing each allotment , and I also planted about eight miles of the best apple trees , two rows at each side of the roads I had made , and the occupants not entitled to , and not expecting , such a boon . I should have stated , that in addition to the quantities of stable manure put out , I divided eleven tons ( £ 100 worth ) of guano amongst the occupants . Mr . How says , that I put in a distress for two-and a-half years' rent ; I did no such thing ; I put in a distress for one half year ' s rent , while five half years irere due ; and unless he presumes that my " Christmas box" should be annual , he must be perfectly aware that my " Christmas box" vas for 1 S 48 , when I did pay the rent and more , out of my own pocket .
As to the £ S 0 bonus given by purchasers who were not located by ballot , in such cases the vendors , who were hound to return the aid money and the rent , in a majority of cases robbed the Company and returned nothing . From Mr . How ' s letter the reader would infer that the four acre occupants had received no more than £ 20 or £ 5 per acre capital to commence with , whereas they received £ 30 aid money and £ 20 loan money , making £ 50 . And now , mark their position . They were located on the 16 th of August , 1817 ; within three months they" received £ 50 in cash ,
seed , wheat , as much guano as they could use , an abundance of firing , in the three succeeding months every allotment was fenced with a French furze hedge , eig ht miles of apple trees were planted ; they have had three years crops , and they have paid not a farthing of rent , and have only been asked for a half year ' s rent . In July 1 S 18 the Parliamentary Committee reported : that the Company owed me £ 3 , 400 . In July 1849 a Financial Committee of seven , appointed bv the Conference from the different districts in England and Wales , and after an investigation of
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six hours , reported that the Company owed me an additional £ 1 , 200 , making £ 4 , 600 , and not a single item for monies forjmy own expenses , which we re enormous . This account was also submitted to Mr , Grey , the accountant appointed by the Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee . Bow , sir , who has' the desire to defraud ? and if any other person was the sufferer , on whose behalf would the public vqiee be raised ? A majority of the most fortunate members have not only plundered me , but . bv makinV a nnnr mnnth . t . hov nr «
endeavouring to plunder'those by whose savings ™? nave been located : I should state that the additional £ 20 loan money was lent upon promissory notes passed b y the allottee and two sureties . That they have been due ^ ioro than a year , and that not one hasbeen paid-yep , I believe , one has-and that i nave not sued any of the parties . Now , sir , trusting . that you will give insertion to my brief and irrefutable explanation , I am , your obedient servant , Fearqus O'Conxox . .
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TaE . Q'CossoB . Cowwtf MisnEE lovn ,, —A case of assault was heard before the bench of magistrates at their last sitting at Witney , arising out of the distraints for rent alleged to be due fronv the residents of these ' little paradises / The parties distrained on resisted , and one of the bailiffs employed prodnced a pistol , which caused a sensa-^ aamongs ^ a large bod y of the colonists , who expelled the intruding parties-o « the . estate by beat o £ 4 runririto the adjoining turnpike road . The bench dismissed the case because the complaining parties , the colonists , had used more violence than was necessary under the circumstances ; the magistrates expressing an ; opinion , from what had come out in evidence at to the illegality of distraining at all for rents at this place . Thig is , probably only the commencement of a train of events likely to tahe place regarding the affairs of the National Land CODHiau V .
JMgranttMnemm , or as he calls himself , the ' people ' s bailiff , ' has peremptoril y called upon all the occupiers for payment of the rent , or in default ejectment will take place . It cannot be surprising that the holders of these allotments , havuigpaid a portion of the purchase in the first instance , then gained possession in preference to a very large number of disappointed subscribers by a toss up , then entered upon the laud without any idea of any rent to be paid , ntver entered into any agreement , but considered the property their own , it is not to be wondered at that the parties should now resist a demand for which they are from circumstances , totally unprovided for . Thist > ropertv it appears , was never wholly paid for at the time of purl chase , a large amount being left secured by a mortgage to the venders . It is a question if the allottees know oPthis . —Oxford ChrorMe .
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u Onward and we conqusr , ¦ Backward and we fall . " THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER , AND NO SURRENDER . " TO THE CHARTISTS . Mr Friends , we have had a long calm , but ^ nanism must not remain brewing while all Other "isms" are belching forth their puffs . On Monday next a Conference of Metropolitan Delegates will assemble in London , to lay down the course to be adopted by your order . And I have no doubt—from the men selected —that it will be a wise and prudent course ; and mart , that at no period of Eng land ' shistory were so many delusions attempted to be practised to gain the co-operation , of yout order , as at the present moment .
You haveWhigsin office , hoping to preserve then * power by nibbles at Woods and Forests , Ecclesiastical Keforms , Avhich will serve you nothing . Protectionists , basing their hop 6 upon a General Election . Freehold Land Societies , hoping to base their power over labour upon clap-trap . Shopkeepers , headed by Parliamentary Reformers , acting upon honest principles , and who cannot now he juggled b y mere moneylords ; and you may rely upon it , that out of such a conglomeration of dissenting parties good must come to your order , if you" ate only united amongst yourselves ; but if you are
msumted , theProtectionists will gain the upper hand , and your lords and masters will urge you on to physical revolution , as the only means of securing their own ascendancy . It has taken me a whole week to analyse the present House of Commons , and now I ask you to read but a mere outline , and say what you think of it . Next week I will give it you in detail , in a table , that every man must preserve ; and you will learn what amount of justice you are to expect from a House BO constituted . ,,.,,, ' Population . —Members , M « iex 1 , 576 , 616 , „ 2 WestBiding ( Yorkshire ) 1 , 154 , 924 ... 2 South Lancashire 855 , 648 2 North Lancashire 811 . 410 ., ' . 2 Cork County T ^ Oi ... 2 East Surrey 467 , 742 2 Tipperary 435 , 553 _ 2 I ^ n ark 426 , 972 ... 1 Galway 422 , 923 ... 2 Tower Hamlets 419 , 736 . 2 Mayo County 388 , 887 ... 2 South Devon 342 , 968 ... 2 Population , 8 , 076 , 779 ; represented by twentythree members . Look on that picture , and on this . : — Bridgnorth 1 , 931 ... 2 « Dangarvan 1 . 858 ... 1 Harwich , g ^ 0 ... 2 Homtoa ... ; „ . 3 / 773 ... i ¦ Andorer 1 , 997 ... 2 Evesham 1-245 .,. 2 MarJboroui'h „ . [ .. « : ' i : % ' .. o I Thetford " S , SU ' . ' . ' . 2 j Totness 4 , 240 ... 2 I Oxford University 3 , i ? 00 ., ? Dublin ditto " ...... 1 , ? 21 ,. [ 2 Cambridge University 3 , 300 ... 2 Leominster 4 , 846 ... 2 Population 46 , 424 , represented by twenty-five : Members . JTovr then , Englishmen , lefc me ask you in sober seriousness , what you think of the voices of EIGHT MILLION , SEVENTY - SIX THOUSAND , SEVEN HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINE persons , gainingknowledge every day . beingswamped by the voices of
FORTY-SIXTHOUSAND , JOUR HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOUR persons . It would be impossible to bribe , or use bribery , with success in the counties that I have mentioned , while the constituencies of those who outnumber their votes by two , are every one bribed , and the representatives , for the most part , arehigh Conservatives , patrons of livings , lord lieutenants , or lickspittle Whigs . Now , what say you , enlightened Englishmen , to such an anomaly as four thousand of
a population less than Stockport , the tenth part of the population of the Tower Hamlets , and little more than the fortieth part of the population of Middlesex , out-voting in the House of Commons more than half the popu lation of all England and Wales , and more than the whole population of Ireland ? Can the mind of man suggest a greater anomaly , or can any nation in the world believe , that the well instructed English people will much longer submit to it ?
Just think for a moment of Jrhe Totes of the members of the three Universities , the members for Bridgnorth and the members for Honiton , representing about fourteen thousand of a population , neutralising the votes of Middlesex , West Riding of Yorkshire , North and South Lancashire , and ! the county of Cork , with a population of . five million , one hundred and seventy-one thousand , nine hundred and ninety-eight ! And see the political
character ' of the representatives ; of those places as taken from the Parliamentary Guide . T . C . Whitmobb , IVI . P . for Bridgnortli , is patron of six livings and a Conservative , and has sat for the borough since the Reform Bill . Sir R . Pigot , Bart ., is the other M . P . for Bridgnorth , is Deputy-Lieutenant of Staffordshire , anda high Conservative , and has sat for the borough since the Reform Bill . J . Locke is member for Honiton , is , Lord
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of the Manor of Honifcon , and is set down as a Liberal—but the Lord deliver me from such Liberals . Sir J . W . Hogg is the other member for Honiton , is an East India Director , and a high Conservative . m Sir R . H . Inglis , Bait , indescribable bigot , lsone . member . for Oxford . University . W . fcrUDSTGNE , Tuseyiteand Tory , is the other . , I ** Hon . C . E . Law is member for Cambridge University , a high Conservative , and Recorder of London . Right Hox > . H . ao ^ Lbubn is the other member , high Tory , once Chancellor of the Exchequer , anda member of the Peel Cabinet .
_ G- . A . Hamilton , member for the University of Dublin , a rabid Tory . Joseph Napier , ditto ^ ditto . * ^ ° Y' fterifwhat do you gay to the votes of those ten gentlemen neutralising the votes of those , representuig five million , one hundred and - seventy-one thousand ; nine hundred an < f mnety-eight of & ¦ population ? I really feel ashamed of myself at being thus compelled to % ^ d ^ O » of yonrapathy and . your indiffferea * CS « B , ut mark theresult thatjt leads to , MtJMilijs , M . P ., a ta meeting of theClevedon Agricultural : Association , held on Wednesday last , speaks . as follows : —
¦ It . was only the other daj I was down in a part of this county which adjoim Devonshire and Derbyshire , to ^ conversation with a r very intelligent farmer , of that neighbourhood and he told me there had been » . meeting of farmers of that neighbourhood embracing three counties , ana they determined ( this was in October ) to reduce the wages to 6 s . a week . Now , I will ask any man m this room how it is possible a man . his wif » , ana four children , can live on such a pittance ? How he COO 1 D PAT HIS WAT , PAI Hit BEST , AND NOI OFFEND THE LAWS OF HIS COUNWT ?
From the above you will learn that even the Protectionists are beginning to adopt my views ; as I have stated , over and over again , that Free Trade , if not accompanied by prudent and timely concessions , would lead to crowded bastiles , crowded gaols , national dissatisfaction , and legitimate crime committed by the father , to preserve the lives of his wife and children ; and I would add to the appeal of Mr . Miles , how can manufacturers , shopkeepers , and tradespeople suppose that such paupers will be good customers for their wares ? and I would further aisk the landlords and farmers , if they are not likel y to be better customers for poor rates ?
I hope and irust that the delegates elected to represent you in the Conference to be held next weekj will take present circumstances and coming events ' into their serions consideration , and that you will learn from a report of their proceedings next week , that they have gained knowledge from the past , and are armed for the future . The Irish people will HOW co-operate most heartily with their English brethren ; and you may rest assured that , however you and they may be misrepresented in , or sought to be juggled by , the various tickles of the present House of Commons—that both the people and the jugglers will very shortly discover , that WHAT IS TO BE DONE
FOR THE PEOPLE MUST BE DONE BY THE PEOPLE . After Christmas I will commence my tour , and be ready to meet both FRIEND and FOE ; and I will make use of the intervening time to instruct myself upon all matters connected with your order , so that I may simply , graphically , and understandably define the LABOUR QUESTION , adopting the CHARTER THROUGH UNIOJT AS THE . MEANS , AND THE
LAND THROUGH CO-OPERATION AS THE END . Your Faithful Friend and Representative , Feakgus O'Connob .
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Friends and Countrymen , — Having obtained permission to address you through the Irishman , a sincere and truly democratic paper , it is my intention to -write you a series of letters upon the state of your country and the means for ensuring its regeneration : and as the sufferings of the Irish people have ever been based upon the foll y , the contention , or self-interest of those who undertook to guide the Irish mind , and as the first and chief object to be attained must be a thorough union of the Irish people , I shall bury the past in oblivion , as I should hold myself to be unworthy the name of Irishman , if that national union , from which alone you can expect redress , was injured or impeded b y my vanity , or indiscretion .
Irishmen , the mind of a country seeking to eiovate itself must go through three stages . It must be crcai ? d , it must bo organised ? and Si inu&tbejntlirkiHsly directed ; and I iKovij'H to think the miad of Ireland has not pafised through any -fit of these stages . A floiuiuuous war has bei n kept up bofovoen tho English and-the Irish people while it is . au indisputable fact that the English people are equally oppressed by class legislation with ourselvess ; and although the English mind has been directed to the destruction of that system of class legislation which equally oppresses the people " of both countries , and though I have been mainly instrumental in creating , organising , and directing that mind , yet have you been kept in utter ignorance of its intention and power
Celt and Saxon have been placed in dire antagonism , while their interests are one and indivisible , and their rights can only be achieved by their union and co-operation . English Chartism has been denounced vilified , and reviled by the English and the Irish press ; it has been sti gmatised as a physical force doctrine . Its leaders have been prosecuted and persecuted with the utmost vengeance of the law ; five hundred
incarcerated at one and the same time-incarceratorn secured by legal quibbles , partisan juries , lured SpieS and informers Fof these sufferers you had no sympath y ; but , on the contrary , you were taught to look upon them Is " desfrocW' and "devils ; " while , upon the other hand , the portraits of the Irish patnots-. Mitchel , O'Brien , and Meagheradorn Chartist houses , and their names are cherished b y the English people , not as rebels , but as patriots .
^ nS ^ Tr' ar b ? from m t 0 repudiate any doctrine that I my havo propounded ; and , Lad I ever advocated physical force , no dread of the dungeon , the transport , or the gibbet , should induce me to retract its advocacy . Although I have been denounced as a physical force Chartist , let mo assure you , my countrymen , before whom , for fifteen years , I hare had no opportunity of defending myself —let me assure you , that not only have I never , m the course of my life , uttered one sentence recommendatory of physical force , but , on the contrary , opposition to it , when advocated and recommended by zealous , honest , enthusiastic , stavvra " men , has been the greatest difficulty against which I have had to contend . However , Irishmen , as it is not my wish to be misunderstood . l fc inn foil vnn thn
reason why I have not advocated physical force . It is in consequence of the impossibility of an undisciplined and unarmed people meeting their disciplined and armed aggressors . Are you aware that the system by -w hich you are held in bondage , tllO English people are held in bondage , and the people of all nations are held in . bondage , is physical force , sustained by your toil , your sweat , and your very blood ?
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My reason for not advocating physical force is because its failure has ever led to tho greater prostration of your class , and the greater tyrannv of your oppressors . But , would to God that I could command a sufficient amount of forco to destroy tyranny , and establish freedom in its stead Hear my stereotyped maxim , as regards moral and physical force : — r ' "Moral power is the deliberative quality in each man s mind , which teaches him how to reason , how to endure , and when forbearance becomes a crimo and should that fail , to socurofor man riguts to winch he is justly entitled , and should physical force be required ( which God forbid ) , it will come to his aid like an electric shock , while the man who marshals it destroys it , and will bo first to
My countrymen , you require no physical force ; the Chartists advocated no physical force ; what they desire what the demand , and what they assuredly will achieve , is a full , fkeb , and pair representation OF THE WHOLE PEOPLE ( Irish AS WELL as English ) in the Commons House of Parliament , and by the People ' s Ciutiter alone can such a representation be . accomplished . The Charter means Annual Parliaments , Universal Suffrage , Vote by Ballot , Equal Electoral Districts , No Property Qualification , and Payment of Members , ind as my first task will be to create a mind in Ireland , I will separately analyse those several points , in a series of letters , . addta ^ to * ov 4 &ou * lrthfl -Irishman , and in which I will abandon all rhetorical and hi « hflown phrases . I will neither use trope , ngure , ° or metaphor , but will deal with ' the subVctm nain
ana simple language , and will def y the geatest onponentof Chartism to prove the injustice of one of my propositions . My countrymen , you ought to be , but you are not , aware of the crisis that is now approaching There is no knowing how long the present parliament may last . A continental convulsion , or a strong Protectionist exhibition , may drive the present ministers from office , and lead to a dissolution ofparlmment-and , behold the result ! The town ot Reading , the western division of the county of Surrey , and the city of Cork , three places that re-SS A ^ l ? ' h" » e . within a few months , returned three violent Protectionists ; and , rest assured , that if you had a general election
to-morrow , you wouia nnd the Houra of Commons filled Jffl T , , T ^ l & i ° rity , not onl y of Protectionists , but of high Tory butchers and church-nreservers , who would prefer the chance of revolution to the abandonment of church and patronage . Aoff , it is to prepare you for this coming , and Zn ^ TL *™* ' Idevote "tftime . wKohis SSfm J ° T 8 emce ; and markthe ™*™ that I recommend . I am aware of the difficulty of into ? T& ^ ° " ? tio , n-b « t . nevertheless , if a few of tho nation will adopt the proper course , the nation may yet be saved . I am aware that plague , pestilence , and famine have thinned your constituency— and I am also aware that your apathy will give increased vigour energy , and success to your opponents . Now ! it is because Iprefer a change based upon moral power , ml * f * T Physicalpower-and because ? e *?* t , "ftoratwii of the Protectionists to would enable
power and induce the labour ^ P oyers of England to urgetho unemployed into a physical outbreak , to attain their own o . icct . that I forewarn you that you may be forearmed lour first move , then , should be to establish a sincere , an intellectual , and honest , metropolitan election commuter , and to establish local election committees m every county , city , and borough in Ireland , so that all tho available fores that thev may be mustered by good and well-directel machmery may be mustered to fight the coming battle . You see the boast of the press that Dublin the metropolis of Ireland , coulanow return two Protectionists by a majority of a thousand ; and as place is as dear as peace to Ministers , you mav rely upon it that the energy upon your part , ml whffrt ° ^ Part , ° ^ Ea S li 8 h Wo of which there will be no lack , will compel Lord John Russel to make such an extension of the suffrage as will enable him and his brethren to remain in oflice .
My countrymen , the English Protestant people aro as zealous fora Repeal of the Union as you are . Their feelings arc as repugnant to that system which allows the bloated shepherd to live luxuriously upon the lean flock as yours are , and it is only by the united will of the people of both countries that such an abomination can be destroyed Believe me that you -will neither have peace , quite , or industry in Ireland so long as the tall church spire constitutes the lyran t conqueror ' s trophy while , if it was bassed upon the voluntary contributions of tnoae who profess the faith that it represents , and not upon your toil , and cemented with your blood , it might be cloud-capped and loftv as the Tower of Babel . *
My countrymen , it made my heart jump with iov while I witnessed your fervour and enthusiasm , at the great aggregate meeting , while I discovered from it that tho movemont , if Ireland is to be served , must be national and not party , "Was it not a curiosity—nay , a romance—that nn attempt should haye been made to prevent not only one of a persecuted family , but one who has been persecuted himselt , from addressing you . And is it not still more anomalous , that although all acknowled ge that my services were rather serviceable than injuriousthat tho falsehood should be repeated , that I had pled g ed myself to take no part in the aggregate meeting-whereas , my words in my letter to Mr Martin were : — . < "You may rest assured , that although ifc is mv intention to attend tho Conference , it is not my intention to tako any part whatever in its MOCEEDINOS ?"
Now , who could construe those v ? wus to have any reference whatever to the aggregate meeting ? And who that knows me would suppose me so sill y , so pusillanimous , and cowardly , as to be prevented by threats , intimidation , fraud , or jealousy , from addressing my countrymen . On the contrary , my friends , it is my intention to assist personally in the creation , the organisation , and direction of such a must ! w Ireland as will make the altar tho footstool • . 'i < m - i <) , instoad of ( , !•¦• . couch of Mammon—as will iwso die throne upon i \ w ioyaltj and atib .-r . ion r > f a weU- » ovtTued iconic , iuste : u 1 <\ f upon Uw e ; wv . .. of -in aristocracy—and in . ii .-u the coital the Oi- > r . io ¦ tlio lYcf .-m : «) , instc-a . l of the den " of r ) io ijiitvc . Your Faithful ft-iond and Country ; : ' . ™ , FUAUSi'S O'Y . ' OXXOK .
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MACNAMARA V . O'CONNOR . TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P . My Deau Sir—From this day ' s Star I observe that Mr . Macnamara has made the most of it . During tlio time of the arrests , preceding the trials of last year , a deputation from the Defence Committee waited on me at the Johu-street Committee-rooms : tlio conversation was lengthy ; and from the embarrassed state of their affairs I advised them to wait on
you , hand the cash they had over to you , requesting you to act on their behalf . We met at Osbonie ' * Hotel , Strand . Mr . Macnamara was present . Mr . Lacy gave you the money ; I think it was about fort y or sixty pounds , but I am not sure of the amount . On receiving it you said , " Now mind , Lacy and all of you , I will only pay the money I receive through your hands I can't afford to spend a fortune every two years , even to defend our own fellows . " Before leaving , you repeated the statement .
1 ou conversed freely with . Mr . Macnamara —spoke of the superior abilities of Mr . Roberts . Mr . Macnamara said that Mr ! Roberts had consulted his brother on important trials . You replied , < ' I would trust my life in the hands of Eoberts . " We all shared iu the conversation . Mr . Macnamara was originally engaged b y the committee , about which engagement there was a sli ght misunderstanding , which was explained ; and Mr . Macnamara ' s services were continued , not by you ,
nor on your behalf , but by the Defence Committee , you having ftio management of tho money . I have 3 poken onl y of facts ; now for one or two remarks . It was evident to me that you were not quite satisfied with Mr . Macnamara—you thought him too young—but he had been engaged by the Committee , and it would have been a delicate thing to discharge him and employ another solicitor . It is but just to say , that Mr . Macnamara expressed his willingness to give up the case , if you or the Committee desired him to do so .
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You replied , " I have not engaged you ; but if the Committee are dissatisfied , they would better speak now . " Mr . Lacy , on behalt of the Committee , expressed a wish that Mr . Macnamara ' s services should be retained . On my way home I said to two of the Committee , " How little brains aro needed to enable a solicitor to make his way in tho world ; a literary man , belonging to no incorporated profession , may starve , when a mere
bov , dubbed Solicitor or Doctor , if once introduced to practice , may make a fortune . " I was partially wrong ; cunning has more to do with money-getting than intellect : a cunning man will do what an honourable man would not stoop to do . I am , comparatively , a stranger to Mr . Macnamara . I hope ho may make his way in life ; and if he rise in his profession by the means lie has practised in your case , his heirs may write on his tombstone : — " He was a rat . " I am , dear Sir , yours truly , Samuel M . Kydd . Saturday , December 1 .
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BiLsioN . —The members earnestly invite all who consider themselves honest Chartists to pay off tho printers' bill , &c . Nottingham . —The Council met on Sunday afternoon at the Golden ricece . —Mv . Hall in the ' chair ; when Mr . John Skerrittwas elected secretary for one month . —A resolution was unanimously passed pledging the members of the council to use their utmost exertions , in their localitios , to raise subscriptions towards paying Mr . O'Connor's costs in tho Macnamara action . —On Sunday morning this
Sllbloet was brought before tho members of tho Colonel Hutchinson locality by their delegates to the Council . A very good collection was made , and it was agreed the subscription should stand open until that night fortnight , and that during that time every exertion should be made for the above object . Johnstone . —A concert got up by a few of the democrats of this place , was held in tho Black Bull Assembly Rooms , on the 17 th ult ., in aid of tho political victims . We are much indebted to tho fol'lowing gentlemen for their valuable services : — Messrs . Maxwell and Hart , of Kilbarchan ; Mr . Robert Dickenson , of Elderslio ; and Mr . Hugh H . Gibson , of Paisley , After defravinp exnensos . we
have £ 3 , to be distributed as follows : —Costs of Macnamava ' s Action , 10 s . ; for the Widows of the late Sharp and Williams , 10 s . ; for Wives and Families of Victims , 10 s . ; Victim Fund , 10 s . ; to exempt E . Jones from Oakum-picking , 5 s . ; Dr . M'DouaU ' s Testimonial , 5 s . ; Remitted to Paisley for Printers ' Debt , 10 s . We remit the abovo £ 210 s . to Mr . W . Rider , and deeply regret that Mr . O'Connor should be put to so much expense and trouble ; but we hope our brother Chartists of Scotland will bestir themselves , and replace the money in the hands of Mr . O'Connor , that his word may not bo forfeited by their negligence . Signed in behalf of the Democrats , A . Husband .
Rochdale . —Two lectures were delivered in the Chartist room , on Sunday last , by Mr . J . West , of Macclesfield , on the union and duty of the working classes . Mr . "West took a view of the various political parties at presont biding for the people . Tho intention of the Financial reformers was to bring tho taxes to tho same level as in 1 S 35 , or perhaps to repeal the income tax , but the working classes would receive very little benefit from that . He should like to see them take up a question which was a working man ' s question , viz . the national ueDt . The lecturer was warmly eheeved during tha delivery of his lectures .
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The Embezzlement on tub Rochdale SmxiK Bask . —It is unknown how long a period these defalcations have extended over , but it is said that a considerable number of years ago Mr . IlawortU vas in debt to his then bankers—the Manchester District Banking Company—to the amount of between £ 10 , 000 and £ 15 , 000—by which amount ho had been allowed to overdraw his accounts , and that being suddenly much pressed to repay the whole of this balance , ho was so straitened in his affairs as to be unable at once to comply . He did wipe off tho amount gradually , but by comparativel y small payments ; and it is thought that this may have been the cause which drove him to the fraud ' on his own . depositors in the savings bank , and that he mav
have adopted it as a temporary expedient to cover a balance which Ms losses in business rendered him , unable to meet in a legitimate way , hoping that future more profitable speculations would enable him to retrieve his fortunes , and placo himself ri « hfc with the world . Be this as it may , those frequently coming in contact with him say that ho has of late years appeared to bo much oppressed with some private sorrow or uneasiness , and that it has , in tact , been the cause of a premature death , for ho was till lately a man of robust health and unimpaired strength . It is a remarkable fact that his death occurred only one day before tho date at which tho bank circulars are usually issued to call in tho books of depositors , for the afiiiirs of tho bank to be audited , and when of course it would be more likely that his frauds might be discovered , lie was the
secretary of the public dispensary at Rochdale , but it isnot known that his acconnts either with that institution or with the parties for whom he acted as land steward , are deficient . A meeting of tho trustees of the dispensary , to make an investigation , is summoned for the 8 th inst . Mr . Haworth was a member of the Society of Friends .. Wo tako the tollowing additional particulars from tho Manchester Guardian of Wednesday . The fraud has been accomplished in the following way . — ' - Ihe actuary has k'v .-t tv .-o set * i ; f looks , in one of which he has fjiitereu v . fo wo . 'iks rWv . " '« ! i ; is lako'i to Mr il . - >> -ds . a ; - _ < . ^ . s \> nfl \ vrhVM h : ) h \\ , " , l , i . i ; r -M'f 1 . 0 iw-C ' . : ¦ . ¦!¦«; t . ! lC . 5 O depOSRS WWoil Uo !>; : >• ( tV . J' -.- 'AioiJ 10 ( us evrn use : * o tlct , Mi . Maxa . vi . Iv , ' * 1 ^ , \ . lv «> , ' , nvo ! ' ol nearly hvo-Miird .-, of «!] the ; lrj ! .. i-i : .- . Mr . ! I ; v- ! r . i-.: ii hu . picked f . he i ! 0 ( io ?>! w .- - ., and . - :.. - ¦ rally takei \ to \ m piviue 1 ic . < k rhoso \< o h ; ,. ' l ! i :-j
largest sums invested , a : id 'V . . w .. v « - rcii-. iv . 'iv bringing in money and taking little out . The ^ . - -. -i , ; books are sent into the bank on the 20 th of November each year , and the interest is made up to that time , and added to tho principal . It is somewhat remarkable that tho actuary terminated his mortal career in the previous day . His physician , Dr . Inomas llodgkin , of London , loft him on Sunday night , httlc expecting his death on the following morning . Many person s entertain an opinion that , : liaworth caused his death by poisoning himself . As some of the depositors are selling tUeii * investments at 7 s . Gd . in the pound , a placard is posted m the streets to dissuade them from it U
holding out the hopo that the -whole of their deposits will yet de repaid them . By the last published report of the savings bank , there were 1032 accounts open on making up the books . What Mr . Haworfch ' s effects , which consist of a cotton lactory , situate at Sudden Brow , three-quarters of ' \ i . L n Om the Bluo Pits stntion > ft life insurance Of £ 3000 , and a sum of £ 3000 due for twist latelysold , Ins household furniture , and a splendid sot of carriag es and horses , will raise , remains yet to be seen . It is supposed that all these will fetch a sum less than £ 20 , 000 . A Hat Stout . —One of the gardiens of Paris appointed after the revolution of February , having saved out of his pay a sum of 100 francs , obtained a note , which he secreted in the lining of his Tyrolean nai . Some time after , in attempting to disperse an
assemblage on tho quays , the pobr gardien had his smart Tyrolean hat plucked from his head and thrown into the river by one of the mob . He subsequently became a sergent dp villc , and succeeded in forgetting the loss of his little treasure , lately , however , to his great astonishment , fi workman , who stated his name to be Kocman , waited on him , and presented tho bank-note . He had , ho said , bought the hat for a few sous some days before , and on cutting it up found the note within the linin . " , enclosed in an envelope , bearing the address . , of tlie owner , and he accordingly restored it . The hat it appeared , had been fished out of the water by a mvagcur , and it had passed through several hands before reaching those of tho workman .
Gums Voyages to Liverpool . —A few hours before'the Devonshire steamed up to our quay , tho old company charged 7 s . 6 d . a head for passengers to Liverpool ; but no sooner was the enemy descried in ttyj distance than they struck their coloujw = ? " 7 r ? p \ down tho freights come . First to 2 s . 6 d . &WkU- ~ -4 Lxf Is . ; thon to id . ; noxt to 2 d . ; and Bejjf' ^ e ^— - * % -J gratis for nothing , " as the Haying goes . " ^ mWSfi M- ' ^ fy I S steamers going to Liverpool now all crowdj $ ^ h % ^ v $ 3 jr / time last year-wo had hut one , ^] VaUrfor ^^^ i ^ X ^ ' {(^ S'M i V $ / R : £ i # g «(* te ** #
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TO THE IRISH PEOPLE . ( From the Irishman of Dec , 1 st . ) "United we stand—Dhided , we fall !" " It is as much the duty of a people to rebel against a corrupt House of Commons as against a tyrannical mince . " Lord Bolincbboke , —( High Tory . )
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, —^^^ - "VV ^ . \ THE CHARTIST METROPOLITAN \) - CONFERENCE . a \ The Provisional Committee give notice , . that the Members of tho Conference will n > assemble at tho Largo Room , TVheatsueai ? " * v Tavern , Hand Court , Holborn , on Monday evening , Dec . 10 th , at eight o ' clock , for the ^ dispatch of business . , ' ^^ Each Delegate will be privileged toissuo ^ three admission tickets daily . The printed j ^ cards for this purpose can be obtained at 144 , J jk High Holborn , on application to the Secretary | \ by messenger , or pre-paid letter . Feargus O'Connor ,. ¦ Gr . W . M . Reynolds , S . BooNHAif , P . M'Grath , . W . Dixon , T . Clark , See .
&L)Di1i0t Suteuigeucr,
&l ) di 1 i 0 t SuteUigeucr ,
Liberality Of The Press. 10 ^Sksst8 °*
LIBERALITY OF THE PRESS . 10 ^ SKSST 8 ° *
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AND NATION AT , f JAMS' JO 1 TRNAT ?
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OLjj T M ° - 633- LOHOSS , SiTORDA . Y , DECEMBER " s , 1849 . ~ ^ " « " «» . — ¦ ¦¦ - ¦ : j— ^ , , ¦ ;¦¦> :.-..-m-- . . » v ' * *' aliHlJHga and Sixpence per Quarter
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 8, 1849, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1551/page/1/
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