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national naim <e > oinjirii&
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.efjartfst Ettterogettce.';
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TO TBE WORKING CLASSES.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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- .-A . ccordingi , to my promise I -went to Aylesbury on . Wednesday nigbi , expecting to jneet Mr . Disraeli—the leader of the Froteciaonist party—therei in the hope of receiving or giving some instruction ; but I was disappointed , as he did notcome . - Nevertheless , no circumstance ever gave me greater pleasure , <> r inspired me Trith greater confidence , than
that meeting ; and Til tell you why . I never -risited Aylesbury before , and I naturally concluded that the people irould havefonned their opinion of my character fromthe Press ; and therefore expected to be received with horror . However , to prove the generosity of the people , and their belief in the maxim , that the censure of slaves . is adulation , I rejoice to tell you , that I . never was better received , or more enihusiasticall y cheered , in all my life .
Ifow it is such treatment that inspiresme with ( if possible ) greater love for your order , and greater hope in your emancipation . The following is' the resolution to which I was appointed to speak , and from it you will learn that even Tory-ridden Buckinghamshire is beginning to come to its . senses , and determined no longer to submit to- the uncontrolled dominion of feudalism : — ' .. That thismeeung denounces the attempt to re-impose a -tax upon the bread of the people ; that the proper remedy for the distress of which the farmers , complaints to be found in the re-adjustment of terms between landlords and tenants , and in the redaction of taxation ; and that , to secure the latter object , it is desirable that the people should possess a complete control orer the choice of the members of parliament . ' . " ....
I had also great pleasure in meeting Mr . Cobdex there , because I look npon the antagonism of the leaders oLpartieB as the greatest
now , when the people ' s greatest enemies are about to establish an union , without any reference to politics , hi the hope of preserving your serfdom by then * power , and if their opponents had not adopted the above resolution , my antagonism would hare still continued . And in order to prove to you that this party with whom we have now associated is not likely to retrograde , but to proceed onward in the march of progress , let me submit to you the following statement of the objects—not of Chartists—but of the Aberdeen Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association . Here it is : —
The Abeboees P . A 3 t £ U 3 tESTiHT xso Fixaxciai . Reform Assocuhox bare agreed to the following statement of their objects ;—The objects of this association are to act in concert tvith the National Parliamentary and Fiuancial Keform Association , in order to obtain a broad measure of reform in the Commons House of Parliament L Such an extension of the franchise as mil confer the right to be registeredasan elector upon tvery man of full age , not suojectto any legal disability , who shall occupy any tenement or portion of a tenement within the district for -which he shall claim to he registered . 2 . The adoption of the system of voting by ballot . 3 . The limitation of the duration of Parliament to three years . 4 . Such a change in the electoral districts as shall produce an equal apportionment of representatives to constituents . 5 . The abolition of the pro * party qualification for members of parliament
I submitted that resolution—not for adoption or rejection , but merely that they may understand it—to the great meeting which took place at the London Tavern on Monday last ; and I stated , that if the Association would adopt it , that I would pay 1001 . out of my own pocket , to enable them to carry out the object , and I have sot the slightest doubt that , ere long , they will adopt it However , it must be a satisfaction to you to know that they are progressing rather than retrograding . The Star of this week will be so occupied with reports of those meetings , that I have not space to say more than that it was my . intention to have been at the Manchester meeting on Monday night , but for the following circumstance over which I had no control . The
Committee for the arrangement of the new organisation have decided upon holding a meeting at the London Tavern , previous to the meeting of Parliament ; and , finding that they could not have that place any other day for the nest month , except Monday , they took it , and appointed me chairman to preside over that meeting . I trust , however , that the IVIan-- ^ rtp-stpr- -rngpiJTig . will add . td j iJl mnrA -gTgnnr to the new aJliaiice 7 " anJtiiaTtiie ^ orlin ^ cIasie ? -will be at their post . I remain , Tour Faithful Friend andEepresentative , Eeakgus O'Oo 3 t > ob .
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TRIUMPH OF CO-OPERATIOX . TO THE EDITOB OF THE XORTHEWf STAH . Sib , —A soiree and ball , to celebrate the success of " The Galashiels Co-operative Provision Store , " came off "with great eclat In the Bridge Inn Assembly Room , on the evening of 2 few Year's Day The room was densely crowded , and harmony and good feeling prevailed throughout . As it may be interesting , and perhaps profitable , to many of your readers , to know the plan and . principle on which this association is conducted , I here subjoin a brief outline : — Any person may become a member on depositing one or more shares of five shillings each . Each member keeps a pass-book , into which is marked all the goods he purchases ; the shopman also keeps
an account of what each one gets . When the value of his purchases reaches to the amount of the shares he has deposited he is allowed no more goods on credit till he pays what he has already received . At the end of the year the hooks are made np , and , after deducting expenses of management , each member is allowed profits according to tlte amount of his purchases for the year ; and where there are no purchases there are no profits , so thai the mere capitalist has no encouragement here . " What we ¦ ca ll getting the profit , is not profit , as the word is understood commercially , it is merely getting back what teas overcharged on the goods while
undergoing the process of distribution ; so that if wo have been paying too high when we get the goods , it is returned to U 3 at the end of the year . Thus we have onr provisions at wholesale prices , with the slight addition of paying men for dealing them ont to us , and other incidental expenses ; and although we have been getting our goods at the same rate as we might have had them at private shops , the jrofite tor the last quarter is sixty pounds ; so that a private dealer doing the same amount of business as is dene at the " Store" would have cleared sixty pounds , which by combination and proper arrangements can be made to flow back into the pocket of the purchasers .
Henceforth , let not working men complain that ihey are imposed on by their grocers , or their bakers , or any with whom they have to deal , as they have the remedy in their own hands . To show you that our principles are becoming appreciated in this locality I may state that , between the two shops ( we have an eastern and a ¦ western branch ) there ia sold goods to the amount of ene hundred and forty pounds every weefc . We Mve also a baking establishment In connexion with the " Store , " which supplies it with bread , and in that establishment there is baked every week , on an average , fourteen hundred quartern loaves . That will give you an idea of the extent of our operations ; and I would advise all who think they ate paying too high for their provisions to go and do likewise . I will furnish any who may desire it , with of
a copy our rules , or what other information they may require on the snbject . "When the " Store" was first started , it was earwed on on the principle of distributing the profits in proportion to the amount of money deposited , independent of purchasesmade ly the depositors . That system had the effect of keeping dow the price of ? iS ? ^ **?» some * ™» * ^ st ; ° ut , ujbmately , those who had much money deposited began more to look at having a higher interest than Jreepmg down provisions , while the poorer section Of the members took an opposite course . Wrangling and disputes arose in consequence , which would soon have wrecked the whole affair , had not the present -system been adopted . Sow , however a more flourishing concern does not exist . ' Mb . Satjxdebs . ] , Johnstone ' s-close , Galashiels ,
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Belpbr . —A meeting was held on Sunday last , at Mr . Gregory s , when the new constitution was read and adopted . A goodly number of new members entered and paid theirsubscriptions , and a collection was set on foot for Macnamara ' s case , after which the meetin ? adjourned to Sunday evening , at Mr . Gregory's , 4 , North-terrace . : Sheffield . —The Chartists having learned , with inestimable pleasure , that a deputation of gentlemen consisting of Messrs . Feargus O'Connor , Thomas Clark , and G . W . Reynolds , would be in Leeds on ^^^ fe ^ M ^ Misss ^ ipiite ) " ^ wslm&agai li iti HWWigHWJHBHOimgwHBC ^ Ootincirana •'¦ it
number pFfriendsiinet on Tuesday evening , at eight o dock , in the democratic Temperance Hotel , 33 , Queenistreet . Mn Thomas Renshaw in the chair . The first question , considered was the probability of securing the services of the gentlemen during their sojorn to Leeds . After agootTdeal of discussion in reference to an announcement for the 22 nd inst . in the local newspapers , that R . Cobden would visit this town , it was considered the better policy to steer clear of the above gentleman ' s meeting . On the motion of Mr . Aaran Higginbottom , seconded by Mr . "W . Cavill , the following resolution was carried unanimously : —* 'That the Chartists having heard with
unfeigned pleasure of the intended visit of the above gentlemen to Leeds on the 21 st , do most respectfully request that they pay us a visit on the 23 rd iust , and in accordance with that resolution Mr . G . Cavill was instructed to immediately correspond with those g entlemen on the Subject . " —It was further agreed that a general meeting of Chartists should be held on Sunday evening next , January 13 th , in the above rooms , to further consider the beat method of aiding the contemplated demonstration . The despatches being written and duly sent off , the meeting was then adjourned .
. Wbstuinsier . —Thi 3 locality met on Tuesday evening last , at the Two Chairmen , Wardourstreet , Soho . John Arnott in the chair ; ten shillings was voted to the Provisional Committee , and ten shillings was received for cards of membership . The meeting then adjourned to Tuesday evening next . Katioxal Charter Association ' . —Provisional Committee . —This body met at 144 , High Holborn , on Tuesday last when Mr . Grassby , Mr . M'Grath , Mr . Arnott , Mr . G . J . Harney , Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds , and Mr . T . Clark were present . The important matter of local organisation , general agitation , were debated upon , and a determination arrived at
to carry out all , with the greatest spirit and resolution . The secretary , Mr . T . Clark , reported that the cards of membership were ready , and would be forwarded to individuals of localities wanting them . He further intimated , that several localities had liven their alliance to the Association ; and that the subscriptions from various quarters had been promised . Pcdset . —A Democratic tea party was held on 2 few-Year ' s Eve . Four hundred tickets were disposed of . Mr . Joseph Lawson was called to the chair , and tbe meeting was addressed by Messrs . Barker , Brook , and Smith . Thanks having been voted to the chairman and speakers ( some of whom had come a great distance ) , the meeting dispersed .
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THE NATIONAL VICTIM COMMITTEE TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC .
WiJBBOIHEK Jfiq ^ J ® TEIl I )] ZllOC ^ % ^ j ^ Z At thV commencement of tKeSew Tear we consider it to be our duty to place before you our present position . Since we last addressed you we have much pleasure in stating , that several of our persecuted Brethren have been liberated from tbe horrible dungeons to which they were doomed , viz ., Messrs . Leach , West , White , Donoran , Poole , Irons , Herbert , Vernon , Smith , and others ; and it is with equal regret that we have to deplore , that nearly thirty brave spirits are still suffering in damp and gloomy cells , and in exile , for their attachment to the cause of truth and justice ; consequently , we have now more than twenty law-made widows and fifty orphans looking to us for support .
While we tender our grateful and heart-felt tbanks to those who have contributed , we call ox all to assist in this cause of benevolence and humanity , and thereby wipe out tbe foul blot , that when the Husbands and fathers were excited on and consigned to prison and banishment , for advocating your rights , you allow their wives and families to linger in misery and destitution .
A deputation from the Committee of tbe Fraternal Democrats having waited on this committee to request that we would for the fnture undertake the fund to exempt prisoners from picking oakum , we at once agreed thereto , and James GJrRAssur was appointed Treasurer to tbe said fund . We rejoice to state that all arrears have been paid , and our friends , Ernest Jones and Fussell , are exempt from that degradation till the 20 th instant .
In conclusion , we again call on you ( we trust it will be only for a brief period ) to exert your energies in this good work . Contributions for both funds will be thankfull y received by Mr . William Rider , Northern Star Office ; and by the Secretary , Mr . John Arnott , 11 , Middlesex-place , Somers Town . Signed on behalf of the Committee , Johx Arnott , Secretary . 144 , High Holborn , Jan . 3 rd , 1850 .
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Mb . Cobden at Sheffield . —Mr . Cobden purposes visiting Sheffield on the 22 nd inst ., when he will submit to his Financial and Parliamentary Reform friends an outline of the measures which , in conjunction with Mr . Bright , he has made up his mind to submit for adoption by the legislature during the approaching session of Parliament . " Papa . " said a Cockney miss to her father , " where do they catch red herrings ? " " Oh , my dear , " Baid he , " in the Red Sea to be sure , "
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TO FEARGUS O ' CONNOR , ESQ ., " m , I > . Most NoBLB'Sin , —If I had the abilities ; I would give vent tanjy ^ feelings ; I have seen jro&jof late very much- '&husedby those to whom ' yottroave been more thanC ^ StnervV Sir , those whom ^ u have ' been so ver y _ good to , grumble and say . their-rent is too high ; sir , my father . had a piece of land , just onoand a quarter acre , on the' border of Shirley Common , and facing Southampton Common ; and .
. « ay ! ina * e ., icnown . ^ wo men . to aig-potatoes on tnaj ; Tanff ana get but five bushels a day , for several days together ; and my father built a little house on that piece of land , , with two rooms only ; and bo sooner was it completed , than a gardener came to him and bid him £ 15 a year for it , and he left a constant birth and went to it ; and he has always had a large family and nothing but this land to depend on , and he is worth £ 200 now ; and when he went there about twelve years ago he had not as many pence . Trusting ,, my dear good friend , you will excuse my humble abilities and great liberties in addressing you . I remain , one of your admirers , [ The writer has forwarded his name and address , but does not wish it to be made public ]
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GREAT MEETING AT AYLESBURY . On Wednesday evening , the County Hall in Aylesbury , one of the largest buildings devoted to a similar purpose in England , was crowded with an audience composed of farmers , labourers , and townspeople , to hear from Mr . Cobden his opinions on the present important crisis in the national affairs . The platform , was crowded with tenant farmers and the respectable tradesmen of the neighbourhood . Thame , Buckingham , Drayton , Beauchamp , and even the distant Uxbridgc , each sent its quota , and , generally speaking , there never was greater
curiosity , excitement , and enthusiasm exhibited at any public meeting . Persons who are acquainted from experience with the capacities of the County Hall informed us that there were 3 , 000 persons present . From our own inspection we can say that it was densely packed , the body of the hall being crowded to suffocation , and even the galleries to their outside rails crowded with anxious tenants , whose smockfrocks and bronzed countenances indicated their connexion with the agricultural section of the community .
On the motion of Mr . John Gibbs , Mr . "Watson , of Aylesbury took the chair . The secretary read a letter from Sir G . Dashwood , who was absent on account of family bereavement . The secretary also stated that Mr . Cobden had nothing to do with the fixing the hour of meeting . He stated this because Mr . Disraeli , at the Great Marlow meeting made a great fuss on that point . ( Hear , hear . ) The Chairman ooservod , with respect to ' one of the members of the borough , Lord Nugent , that he believed his Lordship would have been happy to attend had he been at tbe present moment hi the country . ( Hear , hear .
. Mr . Lattimore ( whom the chairman introduced to the meeting as a tenant-farmer from the neighbourhood of St . Albans ) said it was evident that if the proprietors did not pay their full share of the taxation , tbe greater proportion must be thrown on the industry of the country , and the industrious classes , would acknowledge that they had as much as their fair share of taxation already . ( Jppl&use , and a cry of " Too . much ' . " ) It was not ^ eJ ^ t : tenant , ; but-the-Jiighest biaderithat obtained farms , and that had the effect of enhancing rents , while , at the same time , —real capital exempted itself from the legate and probate duty ; Mr . Spackman said , that the persons engaged in agriculture amounted to 3 , 314 , 207 . and that they
employed a capital of £ 250 , 000 , 000 , and he ( Mr . Lattimore ) contended that this large amount of persons and capital possessed bona fide neither legal nor political existence . There was no such thing in law as tenant-farmers' capital . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Disraeli talked of going back to protection , but there was no instance in this country of legislation retrogading . Looking at all the circumstances of the case , how could Mr . Diraeli talk about the interests of the tenant-farmer and the landowner being identical ? The farmer had to pay rent , tithes , rates , and taxes . He heard to-day that there was about to be erected in that county a lunatic asylum . If so , who would be the fittest inmates for it ? ( "Hear , " and laughter . ) Those who wanted to go back to protection .
( Cheers and laughter . ) He ( Mr . Lattimore ) would conclude with applying the words which Mr . Jefferson used of the United States , when he said , that he trembled for his country , remembering that God was just , and that His justice did not sleep for ever ; for if the industry of the people were kept subjected to injustice , and if a revolution should arise , there was no attribute of the Almighty that would side with the landowners upon this question . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Cobden , M . P ., who was then introduced to the meeting was received with loud cheers , and a few hisses which were raised were met with loud laughter . He said : It gives me particular pleasure to follow a gentleman who has addressed you in the capacity of a tenant farmer , ! a man so well entitled to
speak to you on the subject of the interests of the agriculturists of this country . I remember speaking to an audience in this hall six years ago , and on that occasion maintaining the proposition that the corn law had not proved beneficial to any class of the community , and I ventured to say that the country would be the more prosperous without the system of agricultural protection than it had been with it . ( Hear . ) Well , I am here now to maintain that , by every test which can proclaim the prosperity or adversity of a nation , we stand better now without the corn law than we did when we had it . What are the tests of a nation ' s prosperity ? A declining or an improving revenue is one test . Well , our revenue is better than it was under a corn law .
( Hear , hear . ) Our exports and our imports are better than tnev were nnder the corn law . ( Hear . ) Take the question of pauperism . 1 will not shrink even from the test of pauperism in the agricultural districts ; I have the statistics of many of your unions in Bucks and Beds , and I warn the Protectionist orators that when Parliament meets and Mr . Baines is enabled to bring forward the poor law statistics up to the last week—I warn tho Protectionists that , with regard to the test of pauperism evfcn in the agricultural districts , it will be seen that things are more favourable now with bread at a moderate price , than they were in 1847 when prices were to their hearts' content , and tho loaf was nearly double the price it is now . ( Hear . ) Take
the state of wages ; that is a test of the condition of the people . What are the people earning now compared with 1847 , when the Protectionists were so well satisfied with their high priees ? Why , as a rule , throughout the country there is more money earned now than there was then and they are getting the comforts and necessaries of life in many cases at two-thirds , and in some cases at less than that , of the prices of 1847 . ( A Voice . — "It is not so with the agricultural labourers . " ) I will come to thembyandT > y . Mr . Cobden then proceeded to enumerate the rise of wages in several trades in tho neighbourhood since the repeal of the corn laws . We find meetings called , purporting to be meetings of farmers , complaining of distress ; and what is their remedy for that distress % Is it to go and talk like men of business to their landlords and ask them for-fresh
terms of agreement , fresh arrangements , that they may have the raw material of their trade—the land —at the natural price , and free fromthoso absurd restrictions that prevent their giving the natural value to it ? No , Go to a meeting where there is a landlord in the chair , or a land agent—his better half —( laughter)—and you find them talking , but never as landlords and land agents —( alaugh , )—but as farmers and for farmers . ( Hear , hear . ) And what do they say ? Why , they say , "We must go to parliament and get an act of parliament to raise the price of corn , tbat you may be able to pay us your rents . " ( Hear , hear , and a laugh . ) I possess a small estate in West Sussex , of about 140 acres in extent , and a considerable part of it in wood . In tbe courso of the last year , however , I received a letter from one of my tenants , saying , " When I took this land from your predecessors , it was upon the calculation of wheat being at 60 s . a-quarter ; it is now little more than 40 s ., and , I should liKe to
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mentswhen you leave the land , or , if you like , take a lease , . and I will bind you down to no covenant as > to the way in which , you are to cultivate the land while you possess it . 'V This is simply and purely a rent question . ( Hear , hear . ) And if the farmers cannot carry on their business , it is because they pay too high a rent in proportion to the amount of their produce . ( Applause . ) I do . not say that under a natural state of things all classes have not a common interest in the general prosperity of the country . Let them only act towards each other with fairness , justice , and with honesty , —( cheers)—and they would be promoting in the end not only
their own but the general interests of the community . ( Cheers . ) We have come hero , I believe , to talk about financial and parliamentary reform , as well as other matters , and as I hare been suffering from a cold , as you perhapa ' are aware , I will leave to othef speakers to deal with those general topics , having preferied myself to touch more particularly upon the question concerning the tenant-farmers and the landlord . ( Thehon . gentleman concluded amidst general cheers . ) '
Mr . Houobton moved and Mr . John Gibbs seconded the following resolution :- " That this meeting denounces the attempt to reimpose a tax upon the bread of the people ; that the proper remedy for the distress of which the farmers complain is to be found in the readjustment of terms between landlords and tenants , and in the reduction of taxation ; and that to secure the latter object , it is desirable that the people should possess a complete control over tho choice of the members of parliament . "
] VIr . F . O'Connor , M . P ., then came forward , and . was received with loud cheers . He said , that in presenting himself before them on this occasion , he might perhaps be regarded as an intruder ; but as he considered that all who undertook to legislate for the people should be instructed in the mind of the people , and , as he had understood that Mr . Disraeli — the great political Mentor — ( a laugh )—was to have attended the meeting tonight , he had come to receive instructions from that great master . ( Laughter . ) He regretted that Mr « Disraeli had not appeared
amongst them ; and he also regretted that any persons in that room should have been so foolish as to offer the slightest opposition to a single sentence that had fallen from Mr . Cobden . ( Hear . ) In 1834 , when the question of free trade was brought forward in the House of Commons , he ( Mr . O'Connor ) voted against it , because . it was not accompanied by those prudent and timely concessions which Lord J . Russell mentioned in his celebrated Edinburgh , missive V andiip ^ ( Mjr . ? 0 . ' ConBoj ?/)^ geeed : that S ^^ ey \ hfArfreV trade'& 7 ^^ lt = i £ n ^ -inuat : haTe . free trade in everything else . For that
reason he gave his cordial support to this motion and to this movement . ( Cheers . ) The free traders were now prepared to make those prudent and timely concessions . They were prepared to enfranchise every man of full age in this country , therefore he had joined this association because it sought to enfranchise the land , which was the raw material of labour , and . to destroy that infernal feudal system which gave tho country over hound hand and foot into the hands of the landlords . ( Cheers . ) If the landlords did not consent to the
arrangement now offered to them , they might depend upon it , it would soon bo effected for them by rougher hands . ( Hear . ) What an absurdity it was for them to attempt to keep rents which were arranged when the price of corn was 5 Gs ., up to the same rate when it was only 40 . ( Hear , hear . ) But who did they blame for this ? The tenants and farmers themselves , who , relying on the promises of their landlords , were lashed up to the poll like sheep to the shambles . These were the men who were responsible for every grievance of which they now complained . They had been told that the land
was raw material . Now , what would they think of a millowner who entered into an agreement to take his raw material—his supply of cotton—from one person for thirtyone years , at the same price during the whole of that periocl ? Yet this was done in the case of land . He had before proposed , and he thought it a fair proposition , that every man who rented land should have a lease at a corn rent—that his rent should be in proportion to the price of corn , and should not be measured by the cupidity of his landlord . How was it that in Jersey the people could pay £ 6 an acre for land , and still grow a surplus of produce
for exportation ? ( " "We cannot do that here . " ) No ; and the reason was , because the landlords managed their land to suit their political interests , and not in accordance with the real requirements of the country . ( Hear , hear . ) In Ireland the landlords held out a premium to idleness , while they imposed a tax on industry ; for if the holder of a farm in that country , whether of twenty , of thirty , of fifty , or of five hundred acres , expended his capital and skill in the improvement of the soil , a tyrant landlord not unfrequently dispossessed him of his holding , and deprived him
of the fruits of his care and industry . If there were a general election in Ireland to-morrow , there would be an overwhelming majority of bull-frog protectionists coming from that country to support Mr . Disraeli and his croakers . ( Laughter . ) That would , however , be no test of the real feelings of the nation , for there were only 36 , 000 voters in that country to represent eight millions of people . ( Hear , hear . ) He had been delighted that day to shake hands with Mr . Cobden , after they had been for years at daggers-drawn on the question of free trade . ( Cheers . ) Why had he been delighted ? Because that gentleman and his friends had now evinced their sincerity .
( Hear , liear . ) Sir Robert Peel , after carrying free trade , had declared that ho would expend 20 per cent , in draining his land , and making other improvements , of which he was himself to have the benefit ; ho would make no reduction of rent . Such would ho the conduet , not merely of Sir Robert Peol , but of all the protectionists , until the franchise had been extended . ( Hear , hear . ) Never had they seen such a breeze as there would be both in the House of Commons and in tho House of Lords in tho next session . ( Hear , hear . ) Let not the meeting attach the slightest importance to flimsy words . He had told tho gentlemen who . sat behind him in the house that
if the tithes were taken away from the bishops one day their loyalty would frizz away after them the next ; and they might depend upon it that the conduct of tho protectionists would
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{\ W - ; M W M "< I ;¦ - ? I ' i - i ! i ^^ PH »®\^ iiyS ^ li ?^^^ i ^ Wi ^^ puld \ foe jml ^ j 6 ^ U ^ pip [ g |^ tin ^| il ^ ffi ^| bund ¦ amongs * j forciere- ;; b ^ aus ^ i ^^ ipej& g ^^ uld . ra *; have listeaed'to-Ms ^ ; he h ^ fepek < sn ; t ^ t ^^ ! ifn ^ 8 Bwr ^ ihx * TOKcoTO room , to * the 1 " ^ i foji ^^^ iiM ^^ ll ^ -iaBS ^ put ^ :. ^ 4 o ^ fM : ^^^^ f ^ i ! e 3 aei ' - ' ^ wat ¦ f ^ i ^ K ^^^^^ S ^^^ aS ^ ^^^^ WW ^^ &i ^^ i ^ ; tron ; - ' ; he w ^ ¦ ¦^¦ it ^ at . Bswj ^ -y ^ j ^^^^ ffoSvSwi ^ a ' -raioT ^ ' ^^^^ ff ^ & ^ m ^ ; c | nditioniehi » ^]^ p ^^( p ^^ ku 8 e ?) ' ^^ ¦ i ^ J ^ f ^^^^^^ i ^ M WSXe theiw ^ 4 !^^^^ jiet ^ lthan , he . ^ jp * -. * ' j . 4 ft « gaj | pJ || ri ;^ i 9 ra ^ lir&al ) sence ojphat oceaeioa , M ^^^ jJv&t ooiiW hambeen nm ^ p r ^^ iw ^ wuraWe than- fo ¥ : w wh ^ ep ^ ej ni ^^ i ^ l&qiunty ^ in . which
laughter ;) . He-would not come , hovremv ; simply because-ho knew that his . arguments would bemet . . A 3 the reporters-present would ! have to leave by special train , he would not proceed . ( Crsesof " Go oij . " > If he must go onhewouldtelliliemwhatwashis-dailythoBght .. He was always- thinking that the land of this country was lockedup by feudal laws —( ihemj ) r—It was his hope . t 0 . bring land now locked up by . feudal laws intio the-retail market ,, so that every . man might have- his own allotment ; : arid : then in case of foreign iavasion he would readily , volunteer to defend his own homestead . ( Applause . ) He was no revolutionist , by revolutions- the peonte on
the continent had always suffered in . the end .. Thelast shot which waa&ed wa 9 aimed at them . ( Hear , hear . ) Ho trussed that the good sense and wisdom of parliament—not that ; ho placed 1 reliance in . its wisdom—would prevent any such thang as a relapsoto protection —( hear , hear , )—and then the landlords would be obliged to make proper reductions in their rents . He bailed -with satisfaction that part of the resolution which referred to the enfranchisement of the people as tho means of reducing taxation . The landlords would not support tnat because they knew it was the suppression of pnWieopinion that enabled them to elevate themselves . Let tho farmers present go homo and reflect on what they had heard , and let th&m especially consider the fact
. , that so long as they were dependent on- protection the landlords would preserve their dominion over them . ( Hear , hoar ' ) Had hekhown that the meeting was to be held at Great Marlow on the previous day , he would , at the risk of being mauled by some burly farmer , havq met Mr . Disraeli , and given the farmers his opinions with regard to their position . ( Hear , hear . ) [ A voice" Financial reform . " ] On that question he would observe , that he had been deli ghted to find that the measures of tho association did not end with a reduction of taxation , but embraced the extension of the franchise to all persons of full acre . ( Hear . ) It was on that ground that he had given the association his corjial support , ne was glad to find that
the resolution was so acceptable to the meeting . For himself , he would repeat that he , did not now stand in antagonism to a great popular party , and that he could unite with the association without surrendering his own principles . He would never abandon any point of tho People ' s Charter —( hear , hear );—but he could not refuse to concur in anything which would confer benefit on the people . ( Cheers . ) The Queen Dowager had lately died—a good woman , and one whose conduct had been exceedingly philanthropic and humane . ( Hear , iear . ) Would any of themselves be one farthing th / richer , under the present system , for the falling In of her
allowance of £ 100 , 000 per annum ? ( Hear , hear . ) Nothing of tho kind was to be expected . Mr . Cobden represented nearly 1 , 200 , 000 population , and-yet in , other parts of the country a population of l ; 200 , 000- persons senf 235 ^ members to -parliament . ( Cries of " Shame . ' ?) ' The shame was with themselves , for the faulfc lay in their disunion . It was on slavery and subserviency that tyrants ever based their power . After some further observations , he concluded , amid acclamations , by observing that he should come again amongst them , ho hoped as a harbinger of peace , to proclaim that the Charter had become the law of the land . Mr . Gaskill supported the resolution .
¦ The resolution was then read distinctly from the chair , and the Chairman asked if any one wished to speak in opposition to it ; and there being no reply to the invitation , the resolution was put and carried unanimously . Mr . Taylor , of Birmingham , next addressed the meeting in support of the freehold land movement , as the only means of carrying financial reform . lie himself was a 40 s . freeholder in seven counties , and should soon make the number ten . ( Hear , hear . ) If they would begin a movement in Bucks lie would get a voto for that county also ; George Dawson would head a number of men , who would help to rescue the county from its present representatives . ( Cheers . ) That would be the way to carry financial reform . They must win the counties , and if the working men acquire the 40 s . freehold franchise they could enter the polling booths and counteract the votes of the tenant farmers . ( Cheers and laughter . )
Mr . Willis , a manufacturer from Luton , then addressed tho meetiag amidst much confusion , occasioned by persons leaving the hall . Mr . G . Gibbs then proposed a vote , of thanks to tho chairman , for his impartial conduct ; to the High Sheriff lor his liberal grant of the use of the County-hall ; and to the gentlemen who had been present that night as a deputation and had addressed the meeting . The Ciuirmast having returned thanks' the meeting dispersed after giving three loud cheers for Mr . Cobden .
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PROTECTION TO NATIVE INDUSTRY . On Wednesday evening a meeting of the working classes , convened by the National Association of Trades' Delegates , was held at the Western Institution , Leicester-square , for the purpose of adopting resolutions " in favour of legislative protection for native industry , against the present unfair and ruinous system of competition . " . The chair was taken at eight o ' clock by Mr . Leslie . Mr . Tapril ( an operative carpenter ) then rose , and proposed the following resolution ;— " That the British Parliament do not consider the labour question of sufficient importance for their deliberations , although there has been overbearing evidence produced by the miserable condition of our manufacturing and agricultural population ; we therefore declare that the elGctivefi-anehiso should be extended to every man twenty-one years of age , of sound mind , and uiicontaminated by crime , for the protection of the industrious classes from the baneful influence and
monopoly of land and capital . " This resolution , they would observe , embraced the social and the political rights of tho people . If they gained their political rights , their social privileges would follow . Tho legislature had not properly considered the labour queBtion ; and therefore no provision was made upon the subject so as to furnish a working man with the means of living when he had no employment . It was of no use for the aristocracy of tho country to endeavour to benefit themselves , while the rights of the working classes were disregarded . The aristocracy had neglected their duty to the working men , and tho any of retribution would one day come . ( Hear , hear . ) Some of the parties who opposed them had said " Look to
France , and you will see that tho princi p les you advocate , as to the suffrage question and tho labour question , have failed . " But let them stay . The energies of France had net been fully developed ; but in a short time a change would take place , and Franca would advocate the groat prinoiplo of the equalisation of labour and capital . He , with great Dloasure , moved the resolution . Mr . Young ( joiner ) in seconding tho resolution , said that he wished to disabuse tho public mind as to tho calling of that meeting . They wero not leagued with either Protectionists or Free-traders ; thoy were , as trades delegates , Protectionists , but they did not seek the same kind of protection as that whioh was given before the introduction of free trade ; what they wanted was protection for theit own l abours . ¦ '
Mr . Kydd supported the resolution . He contended that the members of p arliament instead of considering tho state of the labouring classes , had legislated for themselves . The people had been noglected , but they were now waking from their slumbers ; and both tho manufacturing and the agricultural population felt that the evils of England were deeply rooted and organic ; and they felt that the labour question must be better understood , or
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the greatness of England would fall-into nothingness arid decay . ^ Thfcnjppant ^^ - knew all aboutthelabourquestion , but'it ' waiamatter : of ' deep' and ' real- iiiipoiian ' ce .-wliichjMuld . force itself into public " notice .. ( Mr . HanSfvd ^ hoi'e entered the room e r and being invited to . takd the chair , he complied : with ; the ^ -request , ^ tho , thanks of . the meeting being first' given to the _ clifiirman , Mr . Leslie ;) . Mr . Kyddcontinued . '—Though he -was " -no prophet , he would aay ' that ^ the da y jva s ' coming when something ' would : be donef 6 r ; the labouring classes ; still he considered that the / question as to labour and capital' was tlfe' great--problem -of the age ; ' - ' and it required > that -theyr . should > deeply weigh ; ' and well consider the question ; He abjured ! jg | j ^ tbjng 4 ik ^^
^^^^^ M ^ '&l ^ p ^ prtedthy motidn . Mm ^ m ^^ l ^ momMiSmBveakiife- in ¦ advoifeiSiMll ^ r ^ mfedlbaf ^ nqt . 'M « n ' B& ^ # t ^^^ J ; M ' . MiVylcbftne ; aad thra . w ^ tKr ougt ibe-grra ^ co ^ -- ' J ^^ M p V ' 0 tb ng ^ aWcA ; x !! ses r' -which ^^ ngiii ^ nwinjr : 'pSfsoh s | arat turheJ- ^ the ' :- amount j tp ^ b /^ . paiid" npbtt ^ tinw ' . tfhp ^ had" ^^ ^¦ ffie-. CHAiKaM «; w % ); iD ;^* g so , ; r 8 ai ^; t % t a 5 lh « ^ ' hadiBpt'rthe apportraiity ; - oJ ' b ' eing , ' . ' preg ^^ 0 th ¦ i OpqrahgiOf . y tbs meetaig ,: ; tie * w « tuia " enigr a ^ tbat iii jpmi !^ ^ repa ^ tby the / TOrkiiij classK } ; 'full y m ' efc ' with ' hia" ' . ' happrbjali- ' Hevras ' gladtb seethespirititsvmbed . and ;^ p ^ efitsiy % p <> i * i- ; i ¦ ¦ ^ m& ;^> - ' ! i ^ iSeTOaoliitioh ' ^ s itlieB'oarrieifl , . there befog : on ? - ijais ^ tieiifbonlyi .: ; . ; '^! : ;^^ ::. i ; -fe ; v - - ^ -. ^ j ' - ' "' tiiyiWiiniiVllfaBiitr , f ahramnloarft ! nmrinspd thri' nAxf ; nosn ^ - ¦ : ¦¦ ¦ —
••^ ' **•¦>• ' . rTTY ' ¦ - % - ¦ ~ s >* l ¦ 'tJiv' fvit . j' , ' " i * t , iJntiwijmSmlwaa i Mjro ^ ^ af ^ i ^ iiAiA ^ iw ^^ M ^ P ^ dpr the protection fwindjSstryi . 'ai ^^ ne ^ mediatB " Amelioration ; of th& , . $ res ^ 'impwm ¦ * rtiKu ^; ola ^ esV " cM anil : '"/ i ( ww § nt ; cbm |^ ifcion ' , ;^^ epmd'tbat her Majesty / a ; l ^ istOTB / inttoihiM ^ suaig ^ ession ^ or the ; 6 ? ! ablishRisi Bt of home cold * irias oipioh the ^ b # n \ & ^ iwjiste ^ nds ; ofvthis counr . % 4 ' % HftJ 7 a ^ qvitj ^ uraitf ^^^ absolutely necessaiyv ¦ -, ?¦ .-.,- * . r-- : MiJ . BinscE > loignrmaker ); in-sD 3 ondingthe moitioiii . said-th . it he-was- bronglit'upin Hamburg , and = he knew it was said , that ' froe- trade was good for - : this country : ' he-denied it as .- free- trade ' was now / rendered :. ' .
Mr . Elotd JbNE 3-j said ,, eighty years ago , therewere fifteen millions of madiinoi-y in this country ;; but nowttiay hadBcHnoreasad'tlieprouucing power of fifteen millions as- against--fifteen millions , to 700 , 00 ft \ D 00 j . as against twenty-seven millions of ' consun » r *; : so thafr tllo-rcsult was-tfont the labourer - out of employment came into contact with , the employedlabourer ,. and low prices followed inevitably . The exports of the country hadi inoreased fi ; om seventeen millions to eighty millions , and yet tho wages paid were not half ; He wns-m favour of home colonisation ,, considering ,, as he- did , that the step was judicious , and the-resolu £ io »«» wtee and valuable : one , welt fitted to carry out the object : sought for by the promoters of fchafc movement . ;
Mr . Becha-rd . Oas-meh ,. . in . rising to support the resolution ,, said that lie appeared tWsve by an invltation of the metropolitan tirades" delegates , to speaa upon what he considered to-bo- one-of the most im « portant questions- of the- pi'eser . fe . day . Ho stood there to advocate tho rights- of thousands of working men , and thousjh not delegated by them he knew he was beloved' by thw . t . ( Enthusiastic cheering . ) It had been said out of doors that this question was- settled . It was nei so ; and never should it be- said that it was settled until the working men had been beard . He dkl not understand the meaning of "free trade" nor that of " protection , " but ho did understand the divine law of order , which proved that tho head could never say
to the hand , " I have no need oftheo . " He could not bear the thought of the idea of one of the thaukofferings of the British public , after a serious and alarming visitation , being a subscription to- transport the sisters of Eng land to foreign shore ? . Ko j he would say to all present , that question should not be settled until the rule was set aside that there was room enough for them all . He might be hooted , us he had been at Stepney , or have his bones broken , as they had been—still he knew that the men who his 3 ed . and hooted had been deceived ; yet he loved the industrious men . for he regarded the labourers of industry as the aristocracy of Heaven . ( Loud cheers . ) He had formed . an opinion unon the question before them upon that
occasion , and he found that it was regulation they required for their labouring classes , and not protection . He thought that no piece of machinery ought to have been introduced unless the parties whose labour was displaced should be provided : with a position-in society as good . 13 he held before , and that the provision for that man , or these men , should have been regulated by a jury of neighbours selected for the purpose . Had this been done when maohinery was first introduced , machinery would have been a blessing and not a curse . ( Cheers . j Thiswas not-a new-doctriner it was foundedupon constitutional principles . Then , as to tbe regulation of trade ; let boards of ¦ management be instituted , and every one arranged upon the principles of justice , and then each party wouldfind it to be their interest to exchange tho different pro . ducts of their industry , and if the supply was always
regulated so as to be subservient to the demand , each one would have a sufficiency both of labour and wages . When they had each -boon thus supplied , there would be a surplus to spare ; this mighfc be sent to the colonies , and when they had got all thoy wanted , and the colonies , let them go * to trade with the universal -world . If they worn so , he knew there would not bo so many large lumps of . money lying idle , but shoals of misery would , ne was sure , be prevented . Tho capital he would employ in foreign trade , they should remember , was surplus capital , and if they touched one shilling ' s worth of the stock before the wants of all were supplied , they would inflict an injury upon some one or other . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Bennett rose for the purpose 01 moving an addenda , to the effect , " That a large reduction oi taxation was necessary to the welfare of the working man . "
The motion as to the addenda having been seconded , The motion was put an carried , the " addenda being rejected , four hands only being held up for the said addenda . , . Mr . Read then moved the following resolution : — " That we look upon the party and faction fights of SOCtorial politicians as uninteresting , and unworthy of our attention and support ; and we are further of opinion , that the working classes have been too long used as the leverage necessary for the personal purposes of ambitious men ; and we , therefore , call upon the trades of England to asociate their
influence , with . 1 view to a full discussion ot tno important questions of labour , capital , and exchange , and such other relative influences as bear immediately upon their condition as producers , ho further declare , that the security , comfort , prosperity , and independence of every member 01 the community is the object aimed at by theorganisea trades of the metropolis , and for winch purpose they solicit the advice and co-opertion- ol their fellow-citizens , irrespective of the distinction 01 creed or party" .
. . . , ., ...,. _ , Mr . Delafouce having seconded tho motion , it was adopted . . -., . j ti . ~ Thanks were then voted to tho Chairman , and the meeting separated shortly before twelve 0 cloclc .
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Atrocious New Year ' s GiFi .-On , Sew W s day a porter 'delivered to-a lady , residiag at io , Uue du Vertbois , a package , containing pastry and bonbons , which had been given to him by a gentleman who was a stranger to him . Without giving herself any conaora as to the giver of tho present , tho lady immediately partook of tho- articles , and distributed some of them to some- friends who were present . In a very short time after the whole of them were attacked with violent pain 3 . -A medical man who was sent for immediately pronounced that they had taken some poisonous substance , and lie administered antidotes . Two of the party were afterwards taken to the Hotel Dieu , were they soon afterwards died , and a thiad , who hai great difficulty in reaching her home ,, expired sooaafterwards ia great agony . Two ofcevs , although , seriously
effected , ave in a fair way ot recovery inp remainder of the articles , -were examined , and lound to contain a large quality of ursen * . The polico aro making inquiries , as to tho aathors ol tins atrocious act . — Qdligiumi . The Cuss of wIiojs "Jeamcs'Ms the representative suffered least from the oholm » ' , ^ "T " Thera are upwards , of 40 , 000 male servants in . ho metropolis ; andofthis wcll-fcd ; owloronly tweatjfive-uied from t \» epidemic . MfnrnO ( i „ + \ v » r A Verdict a * Mtjbder has ^ n returned nt JVarwiok against a paupor named Bridget Tamiag , for poisoning hwmegitiuiaifr ClilW m tlie unioa houso of that tows * ' ,.. ' ..,,,,., Use 0 * AMo « siAOiB .-=. Tbp < $ iUk of tho Medical Time * refcmn" to the moustaches of medical stu-££ 2 S ? S correspondent that " ^ ousUichea hftvo thoir use : and among tho most ' import * " * -
they are considered to point out tto miest , y » vainest , and most setf . eonceited , if not , probably the most dissolute in the class . Tfcey are beacons to warn others . " - , , .. ¦ « Our London CowatsposDBST . " -Woie tno ,.. introduction of . printe d newspapers , w ** ; great families had a sort of gazetteers" ^» d ° ; who transmitted to them tiu > news oi tho a >> written letters . This custom accounts to t * foUowing memorandum preserved « fe- ^ . g family : To Captain Ro binson , to n ^ M commands , for writing letters . ofgOT > t ^ y ^ X ship for half a year , fi . Y 0 pounds , ^ JIM ^ v ;^ tory of Craven ^ . /^^ \ - [ ¦¦ ' ., ¦ • • . ' - } , / £ : !/ . >¦ : ¦ K \ ! - ¦•> r ? V' ? £ f * £ " I ;/ 'i ¦ - ; ¦ •¦¦ ¦ ' ¦ - ¦ ¦ : N > ' j ? ¦ ^ Jw ' W Wm
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MUEDER OF IHE COMJUSDEB OF THE EGYPTIAN Stkamek SH 4 REiE .--TVe are informed that Hafnz Sey , the Commodore of the Sharkic , has been sent to the White 2 file—i . e ., to banishment ; which was speedily followed by his murder , as customary in such cases . The alleged ground of this , and of Bey ' s degradation , is the long time that the Sharkie was detained in England to bave her engines fitted , the expense consequent thereon , & . ^ The punishment is most unjust , for neither the ^ Egyptians nor the engineers who fitted the engines were able to despatch fie work in the timerequired , owing to the great pressure of engineering work in . England at the time the ship was here . The whole seems to have been instigated by intrigue . —Hants Telegraph .
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THE FEATERNAL DEMOCRATS . In a recent number of tbe Northern Star , there appeared an advertisement from the Committee of toe Fraternal Democrats , making an appeal to the metropolitan friends of Messrs . Ernest Jones , Fussell , and Ternon , to raise the necessary funds for the protection of those victims from oakum picking , or that terrible alternative the punishment under which Williams and Sharp suffered death . In aid of our incarcerated brothers , the Fraternal Democrats voted Ten Shillings from their "
Fraternal fund . " Subsequently on the 23 rd of December , a deputation from the above named society attended a meeting of the West End Chartist Shoemakers . That patriotic body of men immediately voted Ten Shillings ; they also collected Five Shillings . The Fraternal Democrat's deputation alsp collected among themselves another Ten Shillings , making a total of One Pound Fifteen . Shillings . Within a few days afterwards the sum of Thirty Shillings was paid to the officials of TothiU Fields Prison , and tbe remaining Five Shillings handed to the Victim Committee .
Henceforth , the Victim Committee will receive and pay the monies to exempt the Victims from Oakum picking . Mr . Vernon having been liberated , the trifling sum of ten shillings weekly is all that is required to exempt our brotbers from the degrading toil enforced by the prison rules . The Fraternal Democrats trust that that amount will be readily and regularly supplied by the thousands who cherish the principles for which Messrs . Ernest Jones and Fusfell are suffering the miseries of incarceration . G . Jcliax Hartjey , Secretarv .
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Bradford , Yorkshire . —A meeting of members was held in the room in Hope-street , on Sunday last when It was resolved : — " That the thanlsof tie " jnem bers be given to the honest allottees on the Company ^ estates , and we hope they will assist in drivine the dishonest from the land of the Company "—It was also resolved .:- « . « That a meeting be held on Sunday next to consider . the business laid before the members by the committee concerning the books of this branch . _ . . . ¦ ¦ -
National Naim ≪E ≫ Oinjirii&
national naim < e oinjirii&
.Efjartfst Ettterogettce.';
. efjartfst Ettterogettce . ';
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' " ¦ •• iMwteTiMs ..- ¦• - : ¦' ,: ' ;* ¦ -: WVj *** -- - ¦ ; . ¦ '' I - - ' 81 , Green-street , Calton , Glasgow . " ¦ . _ ¦ ¦ '¦ ¦ , * , . '' ;• Januitiy , 8 th ; 1850 : ] y Sih ,--I feel much pleasure 111 forwarding to you the sum of £ 1 3 s . 0 d ., per Mr . Demester , . . which -is the product of a soiree held on the 1 st iiist ., in the * Democratic Hall . You are requested to divide both sums equally between thetwo funds , viz ., for relieving the Chartist prisoners-from oakum picking and the families of MessrsyShaVp and Williams . ^ ' - ¦ ¦ - v ¦ ' ¦ "'" , Yours respectfully , ^; ; . To Mr . .. William Rider " ..:. . L ^ Carric ^ [ The list of names sent herewith is too . long . —Ed .
To Tbe Working Classes.
TO TBE WORKING CLASSES .
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¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ :. .. . „ ... . -. _ ¦ ' A-: V ^ J \ " ¦ ' ¦ '' ' / ¦ ¦ " ¦ " ¦¦ ' " ? - " ; ¦ . ¦ . " ¦ : ¦ - '¦ .. ' ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ - ' ¦¦ j ^»^~ -.- « : - .-.,. _ , '" _ .. „ _ ; -nLrv : ui ; : 3 $$ , |[; q ; - ^ :: ^ - } J : \ v . .... ¦ . ¦ . ¦ •; . ¦ ¦ . . •¦; , ¦ - .
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wlml , p . m-.- r :-iimmmm- fflpaa ^ igg ^^^ M ^ M
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 12, 1850, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1556/page/1/
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