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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Mr . WoBTtEThas re-introduced Ms Bill foW legalising marriages-within certain degrees of affinity now prohibited , and succeeded in carry ing the second reading by a majority of fifty-two . There are a few of the more object ionable clauses of last year omitted , but the Church party seem to have as strong an objection to it as ever . The great object is to legalise marriage with the sister of a deceased ¦ ffife—a measure -Which appears to us , con-: sonant not only with the natural course of the
affections , but with the best and highest social and domestic interests of society . By a forced and far-fetched interpretation of certain passages of scripture however , the opponents liurl aga inst the Bill—the charge of being opposed to religion—and thus add one more to the long list of instances in which that holy word is made subservient to the purposes of intolerance , and obstructive of the public well-beinw . We fear that the majority is too small 1 iarry it through the Upper House , especially f the Bishops unite in opposing it .
Inreply to an attack by Sir B . Hall—as the mouth piece of certain allottees of the Land Company—Mr . O'Coxxon made an effective reply to the charges which such persons most ungratefully prefer against a mail who has laboured too earnestly for the welfare of such persons . There can belittle doubt , we think , that Parliament would grant a Bill to protect the Directors , and to wind up the Company , should ingratitude , desertion , and deceit , compel a recourse to that method of dealing with the question .
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MONIES RECEIVED Fob Tire TVeek Ending Thursday , Makch 7 , 1 S 50 . THE HOSSiTY FBO . BeceiveabyW . Rtoee . —Derby , per W . Chandler 21—J . D Berks Is—A few SUfc Dressers . Harpm-hey 2 s . CSttree Friends , Oldbnry , per B . Walt 2 s—ItaJclirte Cross , near Stepney , Mr . LamltSs-UaclclhTe Cross , near Stepney ; aLover of Justice 5 s—Radcliffe Cross , near Stepney , an Enemy to Oppression 5 s—Radcliffe Cross , near Stepney , John Maithiers 2 s 6 d-G . Webster , Sew Bridge Is—B . W . B . andW . T . Radford 3 s—H . Johnson , Syston Is . 5 d —Bradford iand Members , per J . Connell It 2 s . 4 d—J . Creen Kidderminster 5 s—3 . Harrison , Foleshttlls . 64—Jfilborne Port , per TV . Hyde -is—Norwich , per J . HurreU 10 s—Mr . Lewis , Queen-street , Sohols 6 d—Bolton , H . Lancaster Is—Bolton , J . Heeds 6 d—Bolton , T . Bostron 6 dgomervslflre 2 s . 6 d-H « 5 w <> od , per J . Scott 3 s . 6 d-W . Goddard , Boltcn ^ T . DreperGd—Bolton , N . CowlevSd—T . F . Eyara Is W . W . Ejam 6 d—Norwich Chartists Association , per
T . Warr M—Norwich Chartists , per J . Hurry ISs—Norwich , two Friends , per T . Warr 2 s—T . Martin , Jfewtown , ttont-Leieesier Is—X . Xeston , Leicester Is—S . White , Leicester Is—Doll , per G . Barnet II . 5 s 7 d—Thorpe , per T . Oxford 10 s—Jfewcastle-npon-Tjne , per M . Jade U 5 s—Maccleslield , per E . Dean 8 s . 6 d—Winchester , per O . Sturgess ISs—Carlisle . Cummersdate Print AVerbs , per J . Gilbertson 11 . 2 s—Carlisle , Holm Head Works , per J . Gilbertson as . Id —Friends . Carlide , per J . Gilbertson 12 s . lid—Holbeclv , Leeds , perl . 2 fewman ; 4 s—a few Hastings Chartists , per E . Hose 10 s—Nottingham , per J . Swtet 1 L 15 s . Id—Greet Vodford , per II . iireen U . 4 s . Id—Balston , three Lat : d Members , per an Old Guard 3 s—a tew Democrats , Parker ' s Hats , Derby Is . 6 d—Sheffield , F . L . 2 .= —Sheffield , J . Bodgers 6 d—SieSeld , E . Jojnes 6 d—Leigh Glaire , Rochdale « d—Rochdale Chartists , per H . Gill lls-Littleborough
ChartiSts . perB . GiUlOs—3 Ir . illUward , tttckenham , perU . Edwards 2 s . Cd—T . B .. Kadclifie Bridge ls—JJ . C , Baddiffe Bridge 2 s . 6 d—J . B .. Kaddiffe 3 rid { je Is . Gd—R . Hamer , BadcKfieBridge Is—J . Leu-is , Lantwit Varder Is—J . Cook , Shincliff Colliery 3 d—Cheltenham , per J . Ilemmin 6 s . 6 dan erer nmrilfing- Special ( a Bill Stamp ) 2 s—Hanging Heaton , near Dexrsbnry , J . Foils—HangingHeaton . near Bewsbnry , W . Pickles Is—Hanging Heaton , near Dews-¦ bnrv , E . Xewsome Is—Manchester , Messrs . Kerwin . Worthingtoa , and Moss 5 s—J . F ., GIossop 2 s . CJ—Walsall Chartists , per J . Mills Ss—Bishop Wearmouth , per \ V . Bobbie 9 s—J . Gray , Cantnvford , near Clone 4 s- ^ -W « stjninster Land Members 13 s . 6 d—T . Harding , ntdlathorn 51 —J . Oldfield , Huddersfield Land Members 2 s . Gd—Mr . James Watson . Xeweastle-upon-Tyne Is—a Paid-up Laud M ember Cd—William Tripptree Is—Daniel Linneaa , per "William Tripptree Is—Sivindon , per D . . Morrison Ss . '
Received at Lakd OracE . —Brighton , per TV . Gills ll—Philip Elliott 3 s—Wm . Ecdes as . 3 d—ft . S . D . 2 s—Alex . Giles , sen . 2 s—Alex . Giles , jun . Is—George Drysdall 2 s—G . W . Is—Glasgow , per ilr . Sherrington 11—H . King Is—Wm . Leicester Is—Manchester , per Allcock 101—John Giles Is—Manchester , per J . Lee 11 . 16 s—Mr . Jones , Lynn II—Mr . Riubey , Tivtrion 2 J—Wm . Wason , Bacup 10 s—Mr . Henry Foster Is—R . Side , Lambeth Is—T . H . Side , Lam-¦ beth Is—E . Drew , Lambeth Gd—B . Sarage , Lambetb fid . Received by W . Rider .. £ 23 <§ fcSd . Ditto at iond Office .. 18 S % 3 Total £ 46 15 \ FOR COSTS OF MACNAKIAKA'S ACTION . Becerred by W . Hidee . —J . Groom , Lon ™ Bnckby 6 d ; a few Chartists , Dalston , per an Old Guard 2 s ; Friends , Booden-Ianeandrrestwich « s ; Cheltenham , per J . Hemmin 4 s . lid ; Eolbrook , perJ . Huckbyl 2 s ; W . Braken-Bridge's fanulr , Manchester Is . 2 d . Keceiredby Jonx Assort . —Mr . James Watson , Xewcastle-upon-Tyne 2 s , « d .
FOR THE AGITATION OF THE CHARTER . ¦ Received by Jons Assott . —Collected at John-street , it . 3 s ; Mr . James Watson , 2 fewcastle-upon-Tyne , Is ; Peter 3 £ niray , Xeneasile-npon-Tynels ; Wm . Hyde , JHlbonrne Port 1 ; James Hayes , MilGonrnePort Is , DEBT DUE TO THE PRiNTEB . -Received by Jons Ansvrc—Mr . James Watson , Xewcastle-opon-Tyne 2 s . Gd . TO EXEMPT PRISONERS FROM OAKUM PICKING . Received by TV . Kidee . —T . 3 J-, Kaddiffe Bridge 6 d . Becdved at Land OmcE . —G . . € i . WILUAHS AND SHARP'S MONUMENT . Received by W . Rideb . —Hr . Harbottle , per Mr . T . Brown Cd . MBS . M'DOUALL . Received by W . Rides . —Carrington , per J . Sweet Ss SntclifiTe , Crabtree , Rochdale , per R . Gill 6 d ; X . C , Baddifie Bridge 6 d ; J . Lewis , Lantwit Varder Is . FOR MRS . JONES . Becdved by W . Rideb . —Walsall Chartists , per J . Mills 2 s . Cd
FOR DEFENCE OF MR- VERNON . Received by W . Riseb . —Dalston , Cumberland , per T Soirerby 7 s ; T . B ., Kadclifie Bridge 6 d . VICTIM FUND . Received at Laud Ofhce . —G . W . Gd . FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES O ? VICTIMS . Beceired by W . Bides . —Hamilton Democratic Association II ; T . B ., Radcliffe Bridge Cd ; Cheltenham , per J . Uemmin Js . 4 d . NATIONAL VICTIM FUND . Received bv John Absoit , Secretary . —Mr Rider , as per Starll . 4 s . lUd .
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LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . - LXXYIII . "Woria are ftiags , and * smaU drop fink FaUing-Iike dew-npon a thought , prodttceg laat which , makes thousands , perhaps millions Q unk ' BTBtX .
THE TAXES ON KNOWLEDGE . Beother Proletarians , The debate on Mr . Hume ' s motion—occupying nearly the whole of the evening of Thursday last—occasioned the post ponement of Mr . Milner Gibson ' s motion for the Kepeal of the Taxes on Knowledge , which motion at present stands for Thursday next , March 14 th .
In my Letter , in the Star of February 23 rd , I described the several Taxes on Knowledge , and laid bare many of the evils resulting from their operation—I desire now to offer a few comments on the history of those taxes , and the iniquitous laws by which they are enforced and maintained . The curse of tbese taxes was first inflicted on the people of England in the reign of Queen AiraE . Partly to aid in raising the necessarv means to carry on the war against
France , and partly for the purpose of cbecRmg the growth of " seditious papers , '' and the spread of <« factions rumours , " the Government of that day devised the Taxes on Knowledge . The progress of public opinion had put an end to the censorsbip against which Milton had protested , in his immortal "Appeal for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing . " Bat , apprehensive of the people becoming too enlightened , if permitted to slake their mental thirst at the fonntain of
unchecked Knowledge—a scheme as injurious , though more safe and less odious than the censorship , was devised for preventing the progress of political information— -the scheme of fettering the press by fiscal restrictions . The results have fully answered the expectations of the schemers . For a long time , the masses of the people remained deplorably ignorant as regarded political questions ; and to this very hour , the detestable taxes under notice , constitute the chief barrier to the enlightenment of that too numerous section of the community who are yet uninformed on political questions , and , as a natural consequence , are yet indifferent to their own rights and interests , and the general welfare of their order .
By an Act passed m the tenth year of the reign of Queen Akjje , authority was granted to the Government to levy duties upon " soap , silks , calicoes , linens , stuffs , stamped vellum and parchment , paper , and on certain printed papers , pamphlets , advertisements , &c . " I am unable to state the precise amount of the duty originally levied on paper ; the sum at present levied is ( as I have before stated ) three-halfpence per pound weight . For a lengthy period the duty on each advertisement was , in Great
Britain , three shillings and sixpence ; and , in Ireland , two shillings and sixpence . In the reign of William IV ,, the duty was reduced to one shilling and sixpence in Great Britain , and one shilling in Ireland . This reduction was immediately followed by a great increase in the number of advertisements . In the year previous to the reduction , the entire number of newspaper advertisements was 921 , 943 . Li the year 184 S , the number had advanced to 2 , 109 , 1 * 79 . The entire repeal of the duty would be sure to cause an increase in the number of such announcements still more
striking ; and were that repeal accompanied by the abolition of the other Taxes on Knowledge , there can be no doubt that the number of newspaper advertisements in this country would soon equal , and very probably exceed , the number published in the free journals of the United States , which may be estimated at not fewer than twelve millions annually . The tax on public journals and political pamphlets , as imposed by the enemies of knowledge in the reign of Queen Auke , was one halfpennyon each copy—a small sum compared "with the amount subsequently exacted .
But small though it was , it sufficed to immediately extinguish a considerable number of periodical publications : others lingered for a time , and then went the way of those who had preceded them in giving up the ghost . The act came into operation on the 1 st of August , 1712 , and forced Sieele , the proprietor and editor of the Spectator , to raise the price of his immortal publication from one penny to twopence . The sale of that periodical immediately decreased one half , and within a year it ceased to exist . As a writer in the Weekly News not long since forcibly observed , ? It was
the duty of one halfpenny that crashed the publication of those classic specimens of English literature—the Spectator , the Tatter , and the Guardians and in the space of one year , the writings of an Addison and a Steele were suppressed by taxation . " As the country progressed in population and material wealth , the demand for intelligence of public occurrences increased ; and , in spite of the Taxes on Knowledge , newspapers did multiply , though by no means to the extent they would have done had those taxes not existed . Seeing the demand for these vehicles of information , the ever-grasping rulers of the
state added , from tune to time , halfpenny after halfpenny , until the stamp-tax amounted to fourpence on each copy . As a matter of course , not a solitary newspaper existed really devoted to the interests of the people . Owing to the operation of this tax , even Cobbei ; tnotwithstanding his gigantic mental powers , and great popularity—could not establish a newspaper ; for his immortal Register , though a newspaper in the eye of the law , was not a newspaper in the ordinary sense of the term . The Register was largely read , but was bought by only the few . Its price placed it beyond the reach of the masses . It is not too much to assume that the Northern Star could not
have succeeded , and would probably not have been attempted , had its projector been forced to publish it at eightpence halfpenny or ninepence per copy . Under the circumstances existing at the time of its creation , it owed its success principally to the energy and popularity of Mr . O'Connor ; but that gentleman could not have succeeded had not the violators o the law gone before him , and made the path straight , by compelling the Government to reduce the stamp-tax from fourpence to one penny . The celebrated " Six Acts" of
Castle-REAGH and Sidjiottth , . having rendered the publication of political periodicals ( unless published as newspapers ) all but impossible , a band of resolute men determined to set the infamous laws affecting the press at defiance . Foremost amongst these men , was the late HENEYHETHEHiNGiON-a man who laboured most sincerely to leave the world better than he found it . Thousands of the readers of this journal , were readers of the celebrated Poor Man ' s Guardian , which bore on its head and front the daring avowal : " Published in defiance ' of law , to try the power of right aaainst might ! A multitude of similar publications into existen
sprang ce , including the Destructive , the WorUng Man ' s Friend , the Cosmopolite , the Man , the Gauntlet , the JRepublican , Cleaves Police Gazette , Coubuis ' s Political Register , &c . &c . To crush these " violators of law and order , " "the authorities" engaged in a crusade against publishers and vendors . Heuxy Hetheringtojj suffered two terms of six months imprisonment ; Mr . Watson suffered twelve months . The late John Cieate , and a host of publishers and vendors in town and country , were punished with " the utmost rigour of the law . " The writer of these remarks had his share of "
Government patronage' in the shape of three incarcerations — on one occasion for six months . Upwards of five hundred persons were dragged to gaol for Belling the Poor
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' s Guardian only . It waB a glorious struggle , and was bravely ¦ and - victoriously sus- j tained by the champions of freedom of thought and expression . After a struggle of four or five years the contest terminated in the discomfiture of the Government . The Chancellor of the Ex chequer , Mr . Spring Rice ( now Lord Monteagle ) made the humiliating acknowledgment to Parliament , that "the Government had done all that was possible to enforce the law , but the law was unable to put down the evil . " Accordingly ( in the summer of 1836 ) the Government introduced a measure for reducing the stamp-tax from fourpence to one penny .
Besides the stamp-tax on newspapers , there was a tax of one shilling and fourpence on every almanack published ; and at that time , two shillings , and half-a-cfown , were the ordinary prices of the almanacks issued by the " Worshipful Company of Stationers . " The publishers of the unstamped newspapers boldly published almanacks , also in defiance of the law , and sold them at twopence , and one penny each . The Bale of these " illegal publications " was enormous , and the Government thoroughly beaten , gave up the entire duty . If cheap almanacks are of any utility , the public are indebted for that cheapness entirely to those who , at the peril of much personal suffering , refused to pay the unjustifiable exactions decreed by the "King , Lords , and Commons . "
Unhappily the combatants for a Free Press were not so successful in the matter of newspapers . The advocates in . Parliament of a totally untaxed Press , numbered but an inconsiderabUVmiuority ; while the majority , composed of both Whigs and Tories , wero supported and influenced by the stamped journals . ' A select conclave of newspaper proprietors employed all the means at their command to secure the maintenance of their monopoly . The penny stamp insured that monopoly , and deprived the unstamped victors of the full triumph they had struggled for—a thoroughly Free and totally Untexed Press .
The New Law came into operation on the 15 th of September , 1836 , and a more infamous law was never imposed upon a people facetiously denominated " free " !!! A few specimens of the law will serve to show its atrocity , and the hypocrisy and tyranny of the faction by whom it was introduced into Parliament . " The Liberty of the Press is like the air we breathe , if we have it not we politically die , ' ' was the text long preached from by Whig ora- ^ tors , while yet , on the shady side of the Speaker ' s chair , and , therefore , " friendsof the people , '' glorifiers of " Hampden who died on the field , and Sidney on the scaffold , " &c ,
&c , &c . The hypocrisy of this party is transparent , when suck sentiments are contrasted with the tyranical edicts embodied in Spring Rice ' s act . B y the seventeenth clause of that act , a penalty of twenty pounds is imposed on any one who possesses a single copy of an unstamped publication " containing any public news , intelligence , occurrences , or any remarks thereon . " The eighteenth clause inflicts a penalty of fifty pounds on any one who distributes unstamped newspapers . The twenty-second clause enacts that , upon information given by any informer before any
Justice of the Peace that there is cause to suspect any printer of having been engaged in printing any unstamped paper , the said Justice shall be empowered and required to grant a warrant to search the premises of the suspected person , and if , upon such , any unstamped newspaper is found , the officers of the Law shall be authorised to make seizure of all presses , engines , types , machines , implements , utensils , and materials for printing , which shall be forfeited to the crown . The 23 rd clause empowers constables to break open doors fer the purpose of search . What a commentary on the vain-glorious vaunt that " every Englishman ' 3 house is his castle !"
I shall return to this most important question . I have for this week set aside tho consideration of other matters , that I might embrace the opportunity afforded by the postponement of Mr . Miineb Gibsos ' s motion , to again urge upon you to petition Parliament in its support . To assist , as far as possible , in this good work , I again print the petition suggested by the Newspaper Stamp Abolition Committee : — T » THE HOXODBBIX THE HOUSE OF COMMONS , TOE PETITION or the Undersigned . ( Heva insert their Description and Locality . ) Showeth , —That all Taxes which specially and directly impede the Diffusion of Knowledge , arc injurious to the best interests of the Public .
That the Tax upon Newspapers—called the Stamp ; the Excise duty upon Taper , and theTax upon Advertisement « , are direct obstacles to the spread of all kinds of valuable information amongst the great body of the People . Your Petitioners therefore pray , that the Excise Tax upon Paper , the tax upon Advertisements and the Stamp Tax upon Newspapers , may be abolished , leaving the proper authorities to fix a small charge for the trangmission of Newspapers by the Post . AjiD TOUR PeTITIONEM 'Will EVEBPkA ? . This form of petition must be copied in writing , as no printed petitions are received ; every person signing it should state his or her name and address ; it may then bs directed , open at the sides , to any member of the House of Commons who will receive it post free .
I will not repeat the reasons given in my letter of the 21 st of February , in favour of signing the above ( or any similar ) petition ; I will merely . add , that in addition to tho vast moral and political benefits which could not fail to flow from a repeal of the Penny Stamp , the duty on paper , and the duty on advertisements ; their abolition would give an immense impetus to every trade and calling connected with printing and publishing . Paper-makers typefounders , printing-machine makers , compositors , pressmen , public writers , &c , &o ., would all find a new and immense field of employment opened to them .
The prosperity of those parties could not fail to be beneficial to all other callings ; and cheap advertisements . publishedin cheap journals , read by thousands were now only hundreds read , would be beneficial to trade in general , and , consequently , ad-Tance the welfare of the entire community . Let then from every paper mill , from every printing office , from every Mechanic ' s Institution , from every parish vestry , from every town council , and from public meetings called for the purpose ; let the voice of the people ascend to Parliament demanding the abrogation of the tyrannical law of 1836 , and the total repeal of the detestable Taxes on Knowledge .
Without attempting to review the debate on Mr . Hume ' s motion , I must remark that it is difficult to determine whether the speeches ( delivered on Thursday night last ) of our avowed enemies , or of those who profess to be our friends , were the most censurable . While on the one hand , Sir Q , Grist and Lord John Russell vied with each other in giving delivery to the most hypocritical professions of respecD for the working classes coupled with the most insolent denial of their rights : on the other hand , the " Parliamentary Reformers , " while professing acknowledgment of the rights of the entire
people , gave their support to a scheme devised for the express purpose of leaving the most oppressed and suffering portion of the people in tbe position of " bondmen and slaves ; " at the same time going out of their way to libel and insult a party which , though perhaps not faultless , may proudly claim the virtue of sincerity , and a steadfast adherence to principle—a virtue never known by the " black is white " politicians , who , on Thursday night last , masqueraded in the character of " Frienda of the People . " From such friends " Good Lord deliver us . " „„ L'AMI DU PEUPLE . March 7 , 1860 .
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General Deubinski . —By a trick , to which the French and English ambassadors at Constantinople are said to have been parties , General Dembinski has been renounced by M . Titoff as a Russian subject , and claimed by Baron Sturmer as an Austrian one ; Austria having stipulated that all her subjects shall be kept as prisoners in Turkey . By this manoeuvre the General is detained at Schumlab , and is likely to remain there for years . Buciuiiest , Feb . 13 . —The crown of St . Stephen , which Kossuth was supposed to have , carried off , is now being traced . An Hungarian refugee named Bolisk has just been arrested at Constantinople , and several of the jewels belonging to the crown were found in his possession . —Times .
It is said that General Lamoriciere , who had given several symptoms of aberration of mind ever since the fatal day of the trees of liberty in Paris , has at length been pronouncod to bo in a state of raving insanity . Caution to the Public—Messrs . Morison and the Society of Hygeists and Medical Reformers hereb y caution the public that they have no sort of connexion with tho ointments , pills , farinaceous powd ers sold in chemists' and druggists' shops . — British College Of Health , Jfeff-road , London , 1 st February , 1850 .
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GLORIOUS REVIVAL OF THE AGITATION FOR THE LAND AND THE CHARTER . A numerous meeting of the members of the Land Company was held inthe People's Institute , Man-Chester , on Sunday morning last , te take meaguroB to promote the Honesty Fund . The chair was oc-« PA ^ ***• John Sutton . Messrs . Clark and M . brath were present and addressed the meeting upon the gross , unfair , and partial treatraont experiencedt y Mr . O'Connor at the recent trial in the Oourt of Exchequer . A committee was unanimously
appointed , who immediately set about the work of collecting , when above £ & was subscribed . The following resolution was moved by Mr . Rankin , and seconded by Mr . Gregory :- " That the Honesty rund Committee be instructed to prepare a petition to parliament , expressive of the fullest confidence m Feargua O Connor , Esq ., and calling on the Houso to refrain from all interference in the windmg-up of the Company ' s affairs , as that business can be best done by Mr . O'Connor and the members j Company . " The resolution was unanimously adopted , and the meeting separated .
AFTERNOON MEETING . At tvo o ' clock a meeting of tho Chartist body was held in tho Institute , the object being to rally round Mr . O'Connor , and indemnify him against the expenses of the recent proceedings in the Court of Exchequer . The chair was occupied by Mr . John Walton . Messrs . Clark , M'Grath , Leacb , and other speakers , addressed the meeting . A fine feeling of sympathy with Mr . O'Connor ' s wrongs , and a determination to strengthen him against his enemies , was evinced by all present . A committee was appointed , with instructions to act in concert with the committee appointed by the Land members .
EVENING MEETING . . Shortly after six o ' clock , notwithstand the heary ram which prevailed , the institute was densely crowded in every part by an enthusiastic and spirited audience . Mr . John Walton in tho chair . A collection was then commenced , when upwards of £ 6 was immediately » ubscribed to the Honesty Fund . Messrs . Clark , M'Grath ; and Leach , addressed the meeting amid tho greatest enthusiasm and applause . During tho delivery of Mr . Clark ' s
speech , Mr . Feargus O'Connor arid Mr . Roberts entered the Hall ; amid the most hearty nnd protracted plaudits it has ever been our lot to witness . The meeting was subsequently addressed by Mr . O'Connor and Roberts , upon the several topics of tho day , including the present petition of the National Land Company . Mr . James Leach was proposed to accompany Mr . O'Connor , Mr . M'Grath , and Mr . Clark , to Dublin , and a collection was immediatel y made to defray his expenses . The following Petition to Parliament was then unanimously adopted . ¦
TO THE HONOUBABLE , THE COMMONS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND ¦ IRELAND , IN PCBHC MEETINC AS 3 EMBLBD . The Petition of the undersigned Members of the Manchester Branch of the National Land Company Shewlth , —That your petitioners have heard that it is the intention of your Honourable House to interfere with the operations of the National Land Company to the effect of compelling it to wind up its affairs , under the direction of persons to be appointed by your Honourable House . That your petitioners became members of the said Company from the desire to possess themselves of property in land , and from the unbounded confidence which they repose in the integrity , honour , and patriotism of its chief
promoter and founder , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . ; con : fidenee which has been strengthened and consolidated , by his faithful and righteous discharge of the duties which have been imposed on him in his capacity of Unpaid Bailiff and Principal Director of the Company . Your petitioner are , from various reasons , anxious that the affairs of the Company should be terminated by being wound up ; but they respectfully suggest to your Honourable House , that such a proceeding belongs legitimately to their friend , Mr . O'Connor , and his colleagues—the other Directors ; and therefore pray jour Honourable House not to interfere in the business of the Company , and your petitioners will , as iu duty bound , ever pray . &c .
At the conclusion of the proceedings , which may be regarded as the regeneration of the Chartist movement , three soul reviving cheers were given for Feargus O'Connor , and three for the speedy triumph of the People ' s Charter .
Provisional Committee 0 * the National Chabtkh AssociATioN . —The first meeting of this body , as at present constituted , was held on Tuesday , in the Coffee-room of the John-street Institution , Mr . J . Milne in the chair . John Arnott was elected secretary , pro . tern , lie ( Mr . Arnott ) reported , that an office had been taken at No . 14 , Southamptonstreet , Strand . The report was received as satisfactory . After making several financial and other arrangements , the committee adjourned to Wednesday evening next , when they will meet in the said office , at half-past seven o ' clock precisely . " Dundee . —On Tuesday last the festival , for the bent-fit of Mr . Ernest Jones and Dr . M'Douall , came
off here . Owing to a variety of causes , over which the committee had no control , the meeting was thinner than was anticipated . The chair was ably filled by Mr . James Graham , who , in a neat speech , explained the objects for which the meeting had assembled . A number of the . scholars of the . Democratic School—under the direction of their teacher , John MCrae—entertained the company with a number of their favourite recitations , which gave general satisfaction . Lkicbster . —A democratic meeting , attended by several paid-up shareholders of the ^ ational Land Company , was held on Monday evening , Fobruary 25 th , at Mr . J . T . Alphin ' s , Burkby Arms Upper George-street , for the purpose of taking into
consideration the conduct of John Hudson , who attended to give evidence against Mr . F . O'Connor , at the late trial , and also to decide upon what steps should be taken in order to support that gentleman against such infamous and diabolical attacks . A very animated discussion took place , after which the following resolution was passed : — " This meeting having viewed the exertions of Mr . F . O'Connor for several years past to forward the cause of ilberty ; believing also that he has expended a fortune , periled his life ,: sacrificed his liberty and the enjoyments of family connexion to improve tho social and physical condition of the toiling millions—we , therefore , takb this opportunity of not only recording a vote of entire confidence in him , but also of
p ledging ourselves to render all the pecuniary aid in our power to prevent hiscalumniators from having their desire—namely , to destroy his ' popularity and ruin him with expenses . " The meeting then considered the conduct of John Hudson , said to be of Leicester , now an . allottee on Snig ' s end . After a lengthened discussion , which was taken up with great interest , various accounts were given of his private character , while in Leicester ; out of the many given us we inclose the following as a sample : — " John Hudson , now an allottee atV Snig ' s End , borrowed £ 2 10 s . of the ' Determined Brothers ' Lodge , " at Leicester , to help him to get on the Land ; he has not paid any money into tho Lodge since that time , and he is now excluded by
nonpayment ; he has been requested to pay . " As to the statement he made respecting his earnings while in Leicester , large numbers who knew him are prepared to prove that he never did or could aTerage more than half tho amount ; they aro also prepared to prove that he gave up work several reeks sooner than he need have done , previous to leaving Leicester , and was drinking the greater part of that time—expending moneys . which he borrowed > but has never paid back . A vote of censure was passed upon his conduct , and a committee was elected to collect subscriptions to defray the expenses incurred on the trial . The committee will sit at the Barkby Arms , Upper Georgo-street , for one month , to receive subscriptions . The smallest
amount will be booked , and acknowledged in the Northern Star at' the . expiration of the month . JjABSSHsr . — -The friends of Mr . O'Connor held a meeting in Mr . George Utley ' s largo room , on Monday night , March 4 th , to devise the best mode of obtaining funds to help to defray the expenses incurred by that gentleman in defending his character . Mr . John Vallance moved the following resolution : — "That it is the duty of the working people of Barnsley to subscribe to tho Honesty Fund , to enableF . O'Connor , Esq . to defray the expenses of his lato trial , without touching his own money . That the subscription be commenced this night , and to bo kept open for four weeks , and that Mr . George Utley be treasurer . " —Mr . Iforton seconded
the resolution , which ma carried unanimously . Tho following persons were appointed to recoive subscriptions : —Mr . John Preston , Worabro' Common ; Mr . William Pearson , Burton ; Mr . Michael Dean , top of Wilson's Piece , Burnsley ; Mr . James Low , Minion-row ; Mr . Joseph Blades , Doneasterroad district ; Mr . John Vallance , Copper-street district ; Mr . Suttliff , Nuke district ; Mr . William Cavill , Westgate district ; Mr . Frank Mirfield , New-street district . Norwich . —At tho weekly meetingof members on Saturday , March Bnd , the following resolutions were agreed to : — " That this meeting has the most unbounded confidence in the honesty and integrity of Mr . O'Connor , notwithstanding the calumnies of Bradshaw and the Press generally . "" That this meeting is also of opinion that the expenses which that gentleman hasueen subjected to
belong to the people . "— " That this meeting agree to tako £ 1 from their funds towards defraying tho cost of the late libel case . " Trusting that all will act in accordance with tho spirit of Mr . Reynolds ' s letter in the Star , of the 28 rd ult ., and assist that gentleman who has risked all for the benefit of the people . Sheffield . —In consequence of thelangour into which our society in this town has fallen , a preliminary meetingof a few of the Chartists was hold at the Democratic Temperance Hotel , 33 , Queenstreet , on Sunday evening last , to consider the best means of reorganisation . We , the undersigned , beg te apprise our friends , that our liabilities are considerable ; wo say our liabilities , because yre do not intend th © burden to rest upon one individual , neither will our friends , we think , when they come to reflect , allow any one to be sacrificed without an effort being made to prevent such a disgrace to the
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Sheffield Chartists . We further think , that it is not only desirable , but strictly necessary , that a determined effort Bhould be made to re-organifie the Chartists under the plans laid down by the Provisional Executive . We further agree that a meeting of the most active of our friends be summoned for next Sunday evening , to further consider the subject ; in the meantime , we beg to remain , yours very respectfully , —Aaron Higginbottom , Thomas Renshaw , William Cavill , George Cavill .
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PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT . The usual public meeting took place on Tuesday last at the Institution , John-street , Fitzroy-square . Mr BnowN was called to the chair , who after a few observalions introduced Mr . Reynolds . Mr G W . M . Reynolds moved the first resolution , ' which ran as follows :- " That th . s nieet . ng regards as an insult and a defiance , tho refusal o the Houso of Commons to concede even the limited measure of reform demanded by Mr . Hume last week : at the same time it expresses its indignation and disgust at tho wanton , unprovoked , ami false attack made by Mr . Hume upon the Chartist body , whom he denounced as' the enemies of all reforms ; and this meeting moreover recognises the absolute necessity of the working classes ,
persevering in a vigorous and energetic agitation ' on behalf of the People ' s Charter . — Mr . Reynolds stated that as the debate upon Mr . Hume ' s motion constituted the prominent feature in last week ' s Parliamentary proccedingB , he should dwell especially upon that point . This ) all knew that the measure of reform proposed by Mr . Hume was insignificant enough in comparison with the great principles contained inthe People ' s Charter , and yet the government and the legislature had insolently and audaciously rejected even that demand for a poor and miserable instalment of the popular rights . The defiance was , then , again flung forth from St . Stephen *; and the industrious classes must continue to agitate until their objects should be trained . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Hume ' s measure
of reform was narrower and circumscribed enough . It only proposed to raise tho electoral body from a million to three millions and a-half ; and as his scheme was precisely tho same as that which constituted the programme of tho National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association , it was clear , from Mr . Hume's deliberate and studied Statement , that the Association just alluded to had made a lamentable error in the emancipation of four millions in addition to the present million of voters . There was consequently a vast amount of difference between the suffrage projects of Mr . Hume and the middle-class party on the one hand , aad those of the Chartists on the other . Indeed , the value of the middle-class measure would , if carried , be comparatively neutralised altogether by
tho fact , that the principle of " paid-representation " was omitted from the scheme . ( Hear , hear . ) Without this principle ,- the representation would continue in the hands ot the wealthy classes as it was at present ; and labour would therefore still remain unrepresented altogether . Mr . Reynolds then proceeded to comment upon the scandalous attack made by Mr . Hume upon the Chartists in general , and upon Mr . O'Connor in particular . Mr . Hume had gratuitously and shamefully travelled out of his way to insult the Chartist body . ( Hear . ) Who were the Chartists ? The most enlightened portion of the working classes ; and it was therefore against tho great bulk of the intelligent masses that Mr . Hume had levelled his insolent accusations . He denounced them as the most
dangerous enomieB of all reform . ( Cries of " . Shame , shame ! " ) Ah ! it was indeed a shame , as hu ( Mr . Reynolds ) would proceed to show them . For Sir Joshua Walmsley , Mr . George Thompson , Mr . Tindal Atkinson , and other leaders of the Parliamentary Reform Association , had constantly complimented the Chartists upon their conduct towards that movement ; and it was likewise a fact , which ho ( Mr . Reynolds ) would unhesitatingly proclaim , that the very movement itself existed only by the sufferance and toleration of the working classes . ( Cheers . ) At any moment , any two l » ader » of the Chartists would bring the chiefs of that middle-class movement to their senses , by bringing forward at one of their public meetings an amendment in favour of the Charter . ( Tremendous cheering . ) Whv , even in the very heart of
the City—at the London Tavern—this course could be adopted at any moment ; and the amendment bo proposed would be carried by an overwhelming majority . ( Cheers . ) Well , then , the middlc-class movement existed by the permission and the forbearance of the Chartists ; and the Chartists ought not to be reviled ani denounced ax the opponents of all measures ef reform . Mr . Hume had taken a course which covered him with disgrace , and had ruined him in the estimation of the working-classes . ( Htar . ) It was now neceaeary to alludo to another point . Mr . Hume , who moved the - 'Little Charter" In the Hon ^ eof Commons , assailed the Chartists in the manner just described ; did Sir Josiua Walmsley , who seconded Mr . Hume ' s motion , defend tho Chartists and rebuke lir . Hume ? Tim newspaper reports said nothing of the kind , and he ( Mr . IUyaolds ) was afraid that Sir Joshua Walmslej
had not done what he ought to have done in that matter . Sir Joshua had everjwhere avowed himself thoroughly a Chartist in principles , and had complimented the Chartists again and again fer supporting his Association . Then , why did he not defend them in the House of Commons ? Why did he ' not vindicate them from his place in Parliament ? It was a painful thing to speak thus harshly ef Sir Joab . ua YTalmsIey , whom he ( Mr . Reno ! ds ) had always looked upon as a thoroughly sincere , honest , and straightforward man ; but , really , this point required clearing up . Now , the fact was , that the Chartists must take a decisive course . They must ascertain who were their real friends , and who were their secret enemies . After the abuse which had been heaped upon them in parliament by Mr . Hume , ani the silence of other self-styled "liberal members " upon the subject , the Chartists must conduct their own
agitations upon principles calculated to absorb , if necessary , all other agitations for minor reforms . ( Cheers . ) This course was foreed upon the Chartists by the scandalous way in which they had been attacked in parliament ; and now he ( Mr . Reynolds ) would premptly and candidly tell them wlint he meant to do . There was sl Conference to assemble In London in the month of April , — a Conference called by the National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association . At that Conference all members of the Association would be allowed to bz present , and likewise to take part in the . proceedings . Every individual paying a shilling to that Association and thereby constituting himself a member , would be entitled to speak and vote at the fortkeoming Conference . Well , at that Conference , he ( Mr . Reynolds ) now pledged himaelf to the meeting , and to the country , that he would , in his capacity ns a member of the council , movo that the principle of
" paid representativei" be added to the programme of the Association , and that the suffrage clause specifying the claim " to be rated , " bo altered so as to establish the franchise on the claim " to be registered . " These propositions would he move nt the Conference ofthe National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association . ( Tremendous cheering . ) Yes : he would perform this duty unflinchingly ; and let it be well understood thntthis line of policy was now forced upon him by the abuse and the insults levelled at the cause in which he entertained so heartfelt an interest , and against tlie class to whom his sympathies were devoted . The result of that line of policy would be to let the Chartists know who were their real friends and who were their foes in the ranks of tho middle-class reformers . They would then act accordingly . ( Hear . ) Mr . Reynolds then called upon those present to prosecute the Chartist agitation with increasing vigour , zeal , and energy ; and returned his seat amidst loud cheers .
Julian Haiwjey seconded the resolution , and critised the debate on Mr . Hume ' s motion ; his remarks elicited great applause . M . J . B . O'Brien supported the resolution in a lengthy and valuable speech , which deservedly called forth the enthusiastic applause of the meeting . The meeting then separated .
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THE HONESTY FUND . , TO WILLIAM BIDKR . Dkak- Sib , — -As a human body is useless without a head , so is a political , society , without a leader , and hence we find it to bo the object of all who live upon , and not by labour , to cut oft from amongst u 3 our glovious champion , O'Connor ; seeing they cannot do it by intimidation or bribery , they are determined to do it , if possible , by " ruining him with expenses . " But I hope those for whom he has so long struggled will at once come forward with their pence in support of hia law expenses , and thus prove to Bradshaw , the jury , judge , and government , that an insult offered to him is offered to all the sons of toil . For this purpose a few real democrats , meeting once a wees at the Light Horseman , Stump-cross , Ma » dalen-street , Norwich , have sent you an order for ten shillings . Yours faithfully , in the cause of democracy , John Hurbell , "Weaver .
TO FEABOUS O CONSOB , ESQ . Sin , —I have seen in the daily papers the unjust verdict given in favour of your libeller , viz ., the proprietor of the Nottingham Journal , I have enclosed you a post order for 5 s . towards defraying the expenses you have incurred , and hoping that every Chartist and lover of justice will do their duty by subscribing their mite , and enabling you to triumph over your enemies , I remain , yours , in the cause of Liberty , Kidderminster . ' J ^ mes Gkeex .
TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAB . gj B ) _ The Chartists of Tiverton feel it their imperative duty to respond , at the earliest opportunity , to the call made upon them , and all who hate injustice , in tho Star ot February 23 rd . In ; doing so , they sincerely hope and trust that every locality where Chartists exist—be they few or many—will do the same , and in proportion to their numbers . We have to regret that the number here willing to support the cause from their pocket is so . ' small ; but , in this instance , we have made up for the want of numbers by the amount of our individual sub « scriptions . We have forwarded to the Land-office an order for £ 2—this amount being realised' principally by subscribers of one shilling each . ' Sir , a
more infamous case of perverted justice—equalled only by the inconsistency of the verdict—tfcan the case of O'Connor v . Bradshaw , it was never our lot to notice . ' We see clearly that the policy of" Ruin , him with expenses"' is intended to be carried out . Our conscience shall never accuse us of allowing this to be effected . We beg to recommend to the especial notice of the working men of Sheffield , the splenetic Roebuok , who was counsel for Bradshaw . If this conceited M . P . does not sink to the level 01 his predecesssor in the representation of that town , and become a servile panderer to a corrupt government , wo shall be mistaken . ' If the men of Sheffield are made of that sterling mettlo we give them
credit for , they will call their ^ representative to account , whenhenext appears publicly before them . In doing so , they will no doubt , give him some hard nuts to crack , which will cause him to exhibit some of those grimaces so characteristic of the little animal . In conclusion , sir , we beg to say , ' that it is our heartfelt wish and sincere prayer , that the " curses of hate , and tho hisses of scowi , " inay accompany those men who have combined to injure Mr . O' Connor : and that all who appreciate the Herculean labours and untiring energies of that ' gentlem ' an , may fly to his defence , and acquit themselves honourably , is the fervent hope and trust of The Tiverton Chartists . March 4 th , 1850 . ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
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THE LATE TRIAL FOR LIBEL . r TO TEARQUS 0 ' CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P , Sir , —I read tho report of your trial with Bradshaw to a few members of the Land Company , and they desired me to express to you their sympathy and affectionate regaVd , and at the same time to say , that they were disgusted beyond measure at the conduct of your persecutors , and wero willing if they saw you in difficulty , to surrender the entire amount of their subscriptions to the Company . They were quite pleased to hear Roeuuck announce that all the monies and estates were solely vested in Feargus O' Connor , believing that they could not be in better or more honest hands . Yours respectfully , ¦ A Paid-up Member op the Land Company . Stourbridge . :
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TO THE CHARTISTS OF THE UNITED . ' KINGDOM . " He who allows oppression shares the crime . " Brother Democrats , — Having -been : present during the whole of the trial of the action for libel , O'Connor v . Bradshaw , I feel it to bo ' my : duty to call your particular attention to the iacts of the case . In the first place , the libel was proved ; and had the plaintiff been any other man in England besides Mr . O'Connor , a verdict would have been given in his favour . Secondly , —the defendant pleaded a justification , and how did he attempt to prove it ? By introducing a set of scamps from Snig ' s End . One fellow , former ^ a framework " knitter , from Leicester , had the unblushing effrontery to state to the jury that he had been in tha habit of earning a guinea per week , and his wifa from five to seven shillings , and from which he had
been decoyed by Mr . . 0 Connor ! when cross-exa * mined , he would not swear he could earn ten . What will the framework-knitters of Leicester , Notting « ham , and Derby think of the statement of this individual ? Is it not a well-known fact that tha average earnings of the trade will not amount to ten shillings per week , and but few earn more tbaa that sum ? And yet he wished to make it appeae that he had suffered grievous wrong by getting ss better house than he ever lived in before ; soma land on which he ought to have laboured , and a considerable sum of money which had been sub * scribed by working men : surely he was dreadfully deceived . Another man , a slater , from Derby , tola a rigmarole tale about earning twoor three pounds per week , and about keeping two horses and carts ; but he could not find time to cultivate the Ian j after spending your money , because he had becoma churchwarden ; he would rather find fault than pa *
what was justly due . Another , a weaver , from Scotland , said he could earn a , guinea or more pel * week . Why did not these people stop where they were ? The Land Plan was not meant for prospe * rous individuals likethem * but for the poor weavers ^ stocking-makers , and labourers , whose earnings very seldom amount to ten shillings per week . My . own deliberare opinion is , that if it had been an angel from heaven , or the Saviour of mankind , without spot or blemish , the prejudices of the judgej and jury would have given a verdict against him . Their object being to " ruin him with expenses . " I ask , will you , the working men , stand tamely by and silently submit to this act of injustice ? If so * you have received as much freedom as you deserve ; if otherwise , act promptly , and show that yout . heartily sympathise with , and will assist , a man— * a gentleman—persecuted for the crime of endeavouring to assist the down-trodden slaves of humane and enlightened England . ' . I remain , yours respeotfully , Nottingham . James Sweet . P , S , —I shall return again to this subject .
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Evaporation from the Thames . —A larger quan « tity of matter is raised from the Thames by evapo * ration than is generally supposed . Upon Mr * Glaisher's estimate 678 , 505 gallons evaporate front an acre of water in a year , whioh is at the rate of 1857 . 6 gallons daily . The bed of the Thames , m London , is estimated approximately at 2 , 245 acresy consequently , 4 , 170 , 000 gallons are raised from tha Thames , on an average , daily through the year * The quantity evaporated at low water is , perhapfy much less than this ; on the other hand , the evapo .
ration in summer is moro active than in winter ; and tho proportion of decomposing organic matte ? in tho water , and on the hanks exposed to evapora * tion is greater at low than at high water . Upon tha whole , it is probable that in summer four million gallons , or about 18 , 000 tons of water are raisedl from the polluted Thames daily , and discharged } into the atmosphere -which is breathed by the inna * bitants of London . It remains to determine how much ofthoorganio matter in the water is raised with the vapour at different temperatures .
An American Cardinal .-. The President of Mexico announces in his message that Pius IX ,, iQ order to manifest his gratitude for the lively , interest taken in his welfare b y the high function aries of the republic and its ecclesiaBties , has signi * ' fled his desire to confer upon some Mexican bishop the dignity of cardinal , A Pontifical agent is expected at Mexico , and if this cardinal is made , iff will be the first dignity of that sort on this cou ? tinent . —New York Tribune . The Election of Lord Rector , Abkrd sb ^ has boon made in fiwouv of Sheriff Gordon , who had a majority of seventy-two over his opponent , tafl author of the Latter Day Pamp hlets-Thomas Carlyle .
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1 ^ OPENING OF THE BRITANNIA TUBULAR BRIDGE . —TflS FIRST TRAIN THROUGH . The opening o ! ibis magnificent structure across the Menai . tra . ts came off on Tuesday , with the grandest success , at dawn . The event is one of national importance , not only as demonstrating in a decisive manner ofthe suitableness and safety of a new design , and of a daring digression from the beaten path of bridge building , but as completing , with the exception of a short sea passage , the route between England and Ireland . At . half-past six o ' clock a _ m . ~ three powerful engines , the Cambria , £ he St . David , and the Pegasus , of from fifty to sixty horse power each , decorated with flags of all nations and union jacks , steamed up and harnessed together , started from theSangor station , carrying ifc Stephenson , Mr . Bidder , the engineer , ilr .
Trerethick , locomotive manager ofthe London and Sorili Western Railway . Mr , Edwin Clark and his brother , Mr . Latimer Clark , 3 £ r . Appold , and Sit . Lee . Jit precisely seven o ' clock they swept orer the threshold ofthe stupendous fabric , and progressing at a speed of seven miles an hour , were lost sight of in the recess of the iron corridor . The total weight of the locomotives wa 3 ninety tons . They were hrought to a standstill in the centre of each of the great spans , and rested with the weight of all wheels on the floor of the tube , but without causing the slightest strain or deflection . The first processthat of going through the tube and returning , occupied altogether ten minutes . But another and more
critical ordeal had to follow—to ascertain how the vast machine was capable of sustaining the equilibrium of forces , and the result was such as to prove bejond cavil , the accuracy ofthe first experimental Conclusions arrived at by Mr . Stephenson and his staff of engineers . The second experimental convoy that went thi-oa ^ h consisted of twenty-four heavily laden waggons , filled withhugo blocks of Brymlio coal ; in all , engines included , an aggregate weight Of 300 tons . This was deliberatel y drawn through at the rate of from eight to ten miles an hour , the steam working at quarter power . Dnring the pas-Sage throngh tbe tube a breathless silence prevailed , and when the train rushed out on the other side
loud acclamations arose , followed at intervals by tie rattle of artillery down the straits . Upon the return—which occupied about seven minutes—simiki demonstrations ensued , and during the progress Of thetiain those who stood upon its top to ascertain any possible vibration , reported they could detect no sensible deflexion . After this Mr . Stephenson and his staff steamed up to Plas Llanfair , Mr . Poster ' s seat , and partook of a handsome breakfest . Meanwhile the locomotives were engaged ponsettiflg up and down the interior of the tube , proving—jf it may be so said—its strength almost to
provocation , bat without eliciting the slightest manifestation of strain or ill temper . An ordeal stronger still was then resorted to . A train of 200 tons of coals was allowed to rest with all its aplomb , for two Lours , in the centre of the Carnarvonshire tube ; sad at the end of-the time , on the load being removed , it was found to have caused a deflexion ofonly 4-iothsofaninch ; andit is a remarkable phenomenon , that this amount of deflexion is not so much , as one half-hour of sunshine would produce B the structure ; it being , moreover , calculated with confidence , that the whole bridge might *! ft safety be deflected to the extent of 13 inches
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BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH . New-road , London . FEixow-GotmTni-UEN . —In the uatne 6 f humanity and justice we ask how much longer are the remains of the poor to bo out up in the hospitals , in order td put guineas into the doctors pockets ? Oh' . the } infamy ! Are the poor who die in hospitals awaro that doctors make money by selling their remains to medical students , who pay them so mueh for a le& another so much for an arm , « fcc , &o . ? Down witbj the odious traffic , say all Hygeists . Anatoroy 13 perfectly useless in the cure of any disease . People arise !!
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March 9 , 1850 . ; r ; ; , n ; : 3 ""' ¦" . " _ " ^ ' ' . ' . r ~ JTKE liffi ffjtf ' - 'liieAS ^^ ' : /" - : " ; ^ - " " - ¦ V ^; :.: r " ;; I : V-- ' ^ ^ r '; * T ^/' " 6-
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DR . M'DOUALL AND THE CHARTISTS OP
NE WCASTLE-UPON-T YNE . TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN SIAR . Dear Sib , —I have been directed by the Chartists of Newcastle and Gateshead , to inform you , that the assertion made by you iu tho Star ot March 2 nd , " That the Chartists of Newcastle-upon-Tyne were indebted to Dr . M'Douall the sum of over £ 4 , for a fortnight ' s agitation in the service of the National Charter Association , " is totally untrue ; and as far as is known to the oldest member of the Charter Association hero , they do not owe Dr . M'Douall a farthing , I was myself secretary to the association at the time the Doctor was here , and I can assure you ho was never engaged as a lecturer by the Chartists of Newcastle within the last six years . The time the Doctor was last here , he was sent by
tho Executive Committee , and it was in the month of April , 1847 . He was then engaged by the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association ; and ho had been in this district about two weeks , when he received a letter from the Executive , declining his further services , on account of the funds of the Charter Association falling so low that they were unable to defray his weekly salary . He was thus left in Newcastle without any notice , or any means of paying his travelling expenses home . Mr . Jude , and myself , wrote several letters to the Executive , requesting them to employ the Doctor , some time longer , so that he might be enabled to lecture in the various towns between here and his home , but they would not accede to tho request . The Doctor then said , that if we would get up a course of lectures on Agricultural Chemistry , he thought we should pay our
expenses , and have a surplus to take him home with . We therefore engaged the lecture-room—bought a set of retorts , and other implements , for a course of lectures ; but , unfortunately , they turned out a failure : in fact , they left us above £ 3 in debt . Eventually , he was engaged as a lecturer by the directors of the Land Company ; and we always thought here , that the doctor had a just claim upon tho Executive Committee of the Charter Association for , at least , a fortnight ' s wages , to compensate him for being discharged without notice , and having no moans Of taking himself home ; and Mr . Jude and myself , have repeatedly written to the Executive , and to Mr . O'Connor also , to enforce tho Doctor's claim .. ,. „ Youra most respectfully , On bohalf of the Chartists of Newcastle and Gateshead , James Nisbeii , Cor . Sec .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 9, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1564/page/5/
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