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Ca <ffiot 4 w0ij0nuent0v
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THI IOBTHEEH STAB. SATURDAY, APRIL G, 1850.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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- THE Itt ^ OCBATIC £ 8 ® SQCIMl ^ PUBLIC . ^ SiyiMS ^^ B ^ EZ ^ ias &q pleasure-XX * rfsu » onnd r « tl « t -i ? ias *»» eeiBwa from Paris a aumterofcomes « fasiipeT * porbrajt « f tfoe inrorruptible in ?^ feii « vatiiat Barbes . The eagracrfng beantifuHj ¦ etMnfta /^ Sd ^ fe '/^^ ^ ' wwra ^ ed . Price Is . 6 d . < « -J ttbassisdr ^ a ^ copi * * seaes of Uthograpic emits descriptweot the fpondatum ^ a . progress of the ^ UairasalDeiiiocW iSf " * foetal Repj ] jlis . Price 2 s . eacfi , iheimmease superiority , of French arfr English lithographj is well known , and these lil&ogrsjplis are ¦ perhaps the most beautiful ever published ia i ' arii To be appre ciated they must be seen . Eveiy democrat Should possess these pjagnificent and invaloabteoempoations ^ To be had © nlyofO . JulianHarnej ; Jlr . f . Watson , 3 , Queen ' sHead Passage , Paternester How ; Mr . -Truel&re , bookseller , John-street , Tottenham Court Iloskd ; and Mr . Packer , 53 ; Great Jame ^ stxeet , Ltsson-grstre .
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THE FUND FOR THE ^ WIDOWS AND ORPHASS OF WILLIAMS j ftSi ) ; SHARP , . A tea : -: meeting in aiq : omrm above foad ^ and to cel ebrate iheseoond annfrersarj d ttie minorable lOthof Apa ; 1848 ) , " win take . place inthe NATIOSAL HALL , J 3 ^ ' HIGH BOLBOU ^ , : Oa TVEDNESbJV ^ APRIL Jft ^ n . ' - \ ¦ After tbe Tea - -
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36 . EEGEOT STREET , iAMBETtt TAMES GRASSBY takes this / opportunity « l of informing his numerous ftiends , that he carries » n theS ^ f ^ AR PENTEE and JOINER , at Ae ^ ove aidressi in aU its branches , and assures those friends whomwtevoor him xvith their , patronage and support , ttatSl ^ fee ^ -cu ted by him , shaUbeof the best deseoption oTTrorkmanship and materials . - which . ; combined with the strictest economy in charges , and punctuality hi business , he trusts will ensure him their fiMrours . " - Estimates g iren &r all kinds of work in the huiMiag line- alterations , repairs , ^ hop fron ts , fixtures , &C , y executed in the best posable style , and at the lowest charge for Cash . - ¦ . ¦ . ' . - .. ¦• ¦ ' ' S . B . —Bent collector , ana General House Agent ; ob-J « rre the address , Jasies G&issBr , 36 , B « gent-streeti Imnheth . .. - . -f
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EMIGRATION TO SORTS AMERICA . WT APSCOTT A 1 STD CO .,. SHIPPING ana Emigration Agents , Lwerpool , continue to despatch First Class Ships— ¦ . . " . To SEW YOEK . —every Five Days . ToXEW OBLEASS-erery Ten Days . To BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA—erery Fifteen Days . And occasionally to ¦ BALTIMORB , CHARLESTON , SATASNAH , QDEBEC , andSt JOHK& ¦ . Drafts for any amount , at sight , onlfew York , parole ia any nartofthe United States . ' . !' Xapscott's "Em ^ ran ^ s Guide" sent free , on receipt of four Postage Stamps . . | S * JHKiuttwenQ--e ^ bt thousand pei * o ai leafor tne Kew World , in Tapscott ' sline of Ataericau'P-ttkets . ia 1819-
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BROTHBR CHARTISTS . ETJPTURES E-PFECTTJ-ALLT SECDflEDbv Professor 3-jbeett ' s newly invented , light , self-a 3 justiiiz , elastic truss . J . Gaeeett , Practical Truss Mater , of SS , Wardour-street , Oxford-street , lonfloD , is Vu& infcntoT tf a Sew Trass , y > TOnovKate 4 l » 5 * e faculty to be the most efficient one extant Every rariety of trasses and bandages , can be had at the lowest possible prices : —Bestp : ain truss , 5 s . ; Ody * s expired patent , 8 s . ; Coles * s expired patent , 10 s . ; Eggs , or German truss , 15 s . ; Suspensorj bandages—cotton , 2 s . ; silk , 3 s , 6 d . J . G , after twenty years' experience , guarantees to secure every cass of rupture of liowever longstanding , -and earnestly solicits a trial from those who have found every other -useless . The following are authentic testimonials , the originals of -which may Se seen , and the parties communicated with if leqnired : — _ . ' "'
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HEALTH WHERE 'TIS S 0 UG 11 T ! HOLLOWAY'S PILLS . Cure of a Disordered liver and Stomach , when in a most hopeless state . Ex ract of a Letter from J £ r . Matthew Harvey , of Chapel Hall , Airdrie , Scotland , dated tbe loth of January , 1850 . Sib , —Your valuable pills have been the means , with God ' s blessing , ofr&storingme toastateof perfect health , and at a time when I thought I was on the brink of the grave . I had consulted several eminent doctors , who . after doing what they could for me , stated that they considered my case as hopeless . I ought to say that I had been suffering from a lirer and stomach complaint of long standing , which daring the last two years got so much worse , that every one considered my condition as hopeless . I , as a last resource , got a box of your pills , which soon gave relief , and by persevering in their . ree for some weeks , together with Tubbing night and morning your Ointment over my chest and stomach , and right side , I have by their means alone got completely eared ,-and to the astonishment of myself and everybody who knows me . —( Signed } Matthew Hab-TEr . —To Professor Hoiwiwat . Cure of a Case of Weakness and Debility , of Four ¦
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"CSE CHBAriBXiSBITlON rVE » FDBLUUED . : '" ' ; ' . ' ; ¦'¦'¦¦ ¦ V ' - 1 ' ffirice ' is ^( Sd . ; - ' ' . " : ' : ¦ ¦ . y ' \ Aittsw and elepm ^ ditidn , with Steel Plate « f the - ' - ¦¦¦ ¦> ¦ iAuther , 6 f 1 ; - -: v ..- ' ; fAIHE'S PlOLlTliDAJLVWlrpS . ; - ; - , . ¦— ~ -r- . -rsrru .. - Y- 'i } $ f ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ : ¦¦ i " . ' NowSeadyia NewE « $ on > t : | .. i ftR . € 'GOMl ^ TOK rOH ^ MALL fft R ^ : Seld by J . Watssn , aueen ' s Head ^ assage , . ^ to «« row , " London ; A . 'lieywood ,. . J 01 dhani-street , Jfoachesterr and Lave and C < W 5 , Jfebbn-street , GlasgoSv ^ - * -r : . - And bi aUBookseUers in Towa and OorataT . ; :
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; PORTRAIT ; OF : PHIMPM'GRATft ^ . -EWs day . ispifUi « M . a > dc B 0 ae Penny , No . XXffi . of . EE YIf 0 . 1 D- ; S- . . 43 FO . liI TIO AIi ] . ' : * ' iNgTIUJCTOB . '" ¦ : ' ; :: Ep ^ B ^ J ^ . it « BYNOLDS , / Aathdr of thelEiltiiijd '' , Second Series of ' The SfesEERiBs ; S ^ S ^« : «^ « F Londbn , " The , ^ ns numtaPiff tte ^ Jrw ^ Keontains a portrarttff ,
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5 ow . ready , with the Mugasines for April , . .-: ¦ ¦ KoirSI . of ¦ . - . ' ¦ ' , THE DSM 0 CR = ATi : « / REVIEW Gf BEIESH and POREIGIfciEOLITICS , HISTOBX and LITBltATD » Si ' - < - . Bditsa by G ,, JULIAN ' iUBNSY . ' . • contents : . ., , ,, j- .. 1 . T&e Stamp 3 "ax « n Newspaperis / rSivi . 2 . Marehof the Red Republic - --Z . " ' 3 . Kevelationsiof the BuildingTraSaS . "Part II ., 4 . AGiaBceatHistoi-y . Partlll .. * ¦ ¦? 5 . The ffigtoiy . of Socialism . By Xauis Blanc . Lecture II . ¦ •'¦; ., ¦¦¦ : "¦¦ ¦¦' - ' : 6 . Democracy , defended in reply , to iJje ' Latter-Day ravings of Thomas Carljle . ' 7 . TwoYearsofaJteyolution . 1848—JS * 9 . ¦¦' ¦ ' 8 . The Fraternal Seiriocrats . ~ ~^ - ¦ " | -. ' ¦ 9 . Poetry : 'The Bed Flag , * &d / &c , ¦ 10 . Letter from France . ' ? ' ¦ ¦ : 11 . Letter from America . - . . 12 . Political IJastserjpt .
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TO . THE BJBJARRASSEU . HPHERB are ihougamis of persons who have X long struggled against the force of . misfortune , hut ^ fcwiire aware that , by very resent . Acts , all small traders ' owisg-debts not exceeding £ 300 , farmers , private and professional gentlemen , and all others , owing to any amount fthe Jitter without-any publicity } , can be entirely raked from , their difficulties at small expense , and : without imprisociBent or bankruptcy . Jill sueh Mr . Wbston begs will apply -to iim at § , Essex-street , Strand , by letter , or personally . - . " : ..-... ' Officehoursfrom 10 tU 12 , andOtill 8 . ' N . B . —The above Acts stay . all Palace Court , County Court , and other proceedings . Clergymen need not submit tofitqnestraiions . ' - .::. .. ., - ' .- : r .
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RUPTURES ; PERMANENTLY ASD EFFECTUALLY CURED T 71 TUOUT A TRUSS !! DE . ESNEY GTJTHEET'S extraordinary success in the treatment of / all : varieties of Single and Double"Ruptures , is without a parallel ia the history or medicine . Ia every case , however . had or long standing , ^ cure is guaranteed . ; . The remedy is quite easy and perfectly painless in ' ajtplication , causing no' inconvenience or confinement whatever , is free from danger and apjJicaWe to male and female of . anv age . •¦ ¦ .. Sent ( post-free ) to any part of the world , with full instructions , rendering failure impossible , on receipt of six shillings by post-office-order , or cash , by Dr .- HENRY ttDTHBEY , 6 , Ampwin-street , Gray's-inn-road , London . Hundreds of testimonials and trusses hare l ) een > loft behind by persons " cured , as trophies of the success of this remedy , which l ) rV ; Gothset will willingly give to those who require to wear them after a trial of it . Post-omce orders must be made payable at the Grav ' s-inu-road Office . Leucrsof inquiry should contain'two postage-stamps for the reply . v . | ii every case a cure "is guaranteed . At home for consultation daily from two till four . ( The Sabbath exceptetL ) Address , 11 ES 11 Y GCTHREY , M . D ., M . It . C . S ., G , Ampton-street , Gray ' s- ' mu-road , London . ; . J ..
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• POISONS AS MEDICINE . . . ^ JIeraol ifil « . f tlie Names of lh « 18 , 950 petitioners , to the House of Commons , against the Deadly Poisons , used " as Medicine by the Doctors .. London : British College of Health , Hamilton-place New-road . ' - " How many thousands of lives are there , ' my fathe ? would say , 'that come eTery year to be ' castaway ( in all civilised countries at least , ) and considered as nothing but common ah * , in coinp ' etiou . ofan hypothesis ? ' 'Iumy plain sense of things , ' my uncle Toby would answer , 'every txeh instance is MURDER DOWNRIGHT , let vdho will commit it . ' ' There lies your mistake , * my father would reply , 'for , in the Court of Science there is no such thing as ilfttrder , 'tis only Death , brother , "—Tristram Shandy . The medical hypothesis , uncle Toby , in 'his plain sense of things , ' here anathematises , is that horrid and pestiferous hypothesis , that'Medicine is poison , and pouon is medicine . ' This mercenary , heartless , ruthful hypothesis , by which ' human life is cast away as nothing but common
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,- :- .- ¦ V , I .-. * :: ' . !' - ; - MJOWc ^ EADY , ' : "' ¦ ' ¦ - . ., [ 'J \ . ,. _¦^¦ - \ ^ So IIL ; to be continued in Weekly Penny lumbers till •¦ - , ' ; : ¦ .-, - . -. •; . " : OODIplete , ' , ¦><\ . , \ ¦; , ' . . „ ¦{ . ¦ ¦ : '¦ " '' TFHE REVOLUTION OF- 11848 . BY Xm . LOUIS BLAJSC : being the-Peo pteW Hisftiffy of that Great and Astounding - EwntyiThtiWorkivcoerects the -falsehoods and misrepresentations of Latnartiasfs . History ijust published in English j bjiBohn , and shouldlft'e in the hands of every Democratized . Social Reformer . ' Also Juet Publish ^ , '' ¦ ¦¦¦ THE CATEC 1 SSM OP SQCMLISM . X Price One Beany . j aRy . LOUISl . HLANC .-riifeis is the best and cheapest exposition of the organisatiou * f Labour ( QKCstion , ever psiKUhefl . V Other standani wo * kB < if the-same class : \ ti £ l speedily follow . .. ' •¦ - ¦ -I- '" " ' ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ , iBsblished at the Weekly . Ttihuna Office , 11 A , * CWeUingtonsireet . Norfii . Sttana . iLoridon . ' ;
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• ' 2 TBATEKNAL . '—A « 3 t matters but ilittle whether ^ petitions are received or arsjected . iyamnajr as well keep to the words relating to < the Press .. •¦; . '• v :. ' .. ¦ , -. . !' . -,. &a&i Grassby , in ¦* vv « Ky .-spirited ; a 4 clres 8 , writing in the name of the women -of Ilull to tthe ' people of ; England , urges them to contribute ; their pence " towards the Honesty Fund , and . very , properiy > exhorts them ' i to throw ¦ o ff theirlethargy * * nd to . manifest that . conceraia- . the progress of political and -social amelioration which becomes them £ as . i&vos . and -mothers ot enslaved and " degraded ' worlune * nen . v . ¦ ' . : ¦) . ' , /¦ ; * W . B . Robinson , ' -Miaeheater ;;; and ¦ J , S ., "Dundee . —Re-< ceived . •¦; s « 'i : ' . •• . .. ¦¦ \ R . Peacock ,, 3 edbvirgh , ~ a ! ho . next general election in . France is fixed by tlie Constitution to take place sin the jearlSoS . " ' ' - ' v . ¦ JtosEBT' C-Wts . —I have wnt the note to Mr . Warren . ' . The ! -books -were sent from tHstOflSce . in a parcel to a locality ¦ in yourneighbourhood , andithat ihey havenotbe ' ea
re-. ceived by you . is not my fault iX will , however , ! iftveatigate the matter , and eee ^ tliat . the ^ ubscribers shall ( get •» U ' sfectipni—T . ' CtABKi ' = . ' ¦ ¦ ' ' I . ( Hontfew Fond : —Enclosed U '^ a . money-order for ; 18 s £ d , ' » which-with cost of ordecfludjpostiige is the 19 s hereafter : ieriumerated , 5 yi 2 .-: i- ^ , A ; -Few' 3 F | ier . ds , Rojton , 7 s ; Mr . - Jphnlngham , Crbmptbn ' , is ; % Woodhead , ditto , 1 » ; A Friend / ditto , Is ; A-Friend , ditto . Is ; John Patten , . 4 Mdl « un ; Is 7 wnes : Esttea ,-. ditto , »; -C . Butterworth , ¦ fiitto . ls ; Wm . Harper , ditto , 1 «'; J . Marsland , ditto , Is ; > X-iieHor , ditto , Is ; Mr . II . MulUns ^ iUo ; Is ; lL-Haalam , : 6 d ; iR . Jones , Gd . —Total 19 a . i-X . eooi . . . JTiwosAii'REFOBii League . — We ' are jrecLU 8 sted . by . tho secretary of this association to correct an error-m the ' .. report of a meeting of the League printed in pur last . In . the stmnfc . of propositions for the improvement of society , : ? thaieinbodyinga'deniandfor tfie People ' s Charter , was '¦¦ ' in adbfcBteiiuy appended to No . 3 , instead -,- of baying its
¦ ¦ legitimate and proper place at the head ot the . whole . , Honest ? ta ,-Julian . Harney has received , ^' atid paid , over . ito MrTltider ,-. from Mottram , per . Martin''Clayton , 25 s ; frosa Gorbals , per John Cameron , 12 s GA . ¦ . .-. ' ' . - Wives akd Families of Chartist Victims . —Julian Harney has received ; and paid over to ; the Victim Committee , from Banfcead , < 5 sc , per J . F ., £ 3 8 s 6 d . , Messrs . Jones « jd Fusseu . —Julian Harney lias received , ' .-. and paid over to the Committee appointed to collect subscriptions to rilie ' ve illeVs ' rs ; Jones and Fussell from ' oakum-picking , ' from F . Figoii , Esq ., JEI 10 s . ' ¦ Chartist Execowve . —Julian Harney has received , . and . paid over to the Executive , from J ; Cameron aud Friends , Manchester , 2 s ; ¦ : . :. ;' = ; .. ' '•¦ . ' Fraternal Dehogbats . —Received by . Julian Harney , from J . H . Bllis . DevoBport , Is ; ' ¦' " '" . - . : ¦ , . Corbection . —TKe itemfor Honesty Fund / fi-oniG . Cavill Sheffield , acknowledged in last week ' s f Notices to Cor-, respondents ; '' should -have been ten ' pena * , instead / , of .
shillings . ¦ , v :.... . ¦ ¦• ¦ ¦ : . It . Holland , Burnley . —_ Julian . Harney . trill try to pass a > Dlght at Burnley on the occasion of liis visit to Padiham . Foe Db . M'D ' ouAU / s FiwLr . ¦ ' — Deceived by A . MfFee ; Liverpool . Trom Wafrington , Tiz .: — A Few Friends at Allen ' s Coffee-house , 1 b 8 d ; Joseph Houghton , 3 d j John Rouistage , Is ; ' Win . Wright , 2 d ; : Thos . lawless , 3 d ; Usac Blaze , 3 d ; Wm . Allen , 6 d ; Rj . Hall . 8 d j B . Massey , 2 d ; JohnBroadman , 3 d ; John Broadman , Gd ; S . M . , Grimshirw , 6 d ; John Clare , Is ; Thos . Glover , 6 d ; R . Lomax , 6 d ; Chartist Council , 2 s 3 d . > Mr . T « 3 n'EaiEr , Highgate . —Received . : \\ Mr . TmmBti-Camden . Town ^ Tho la from yourself , and s the Is from Mr . Linnean ; : was acknowledged in ; the first and second'eSition of the 9 th ult . ; a misfortune " occurred : with the f » rm , in consequence of which the total received onli appeared in the third editions . ' . ¦ ' ' . : ¦• Mr . SweeTj Nottibgham . —The sum for the ' Victim Fund , acknowledged last week , ought to have been Is 2 d instead of 6 d ; as see Notices to Correspondents , on . the
30 th ult .-: ¦ .. - - , J . Robinson , 'Waterloo , Blyth ; and J . IIombt , Shcldon .-. We know nothing o £ the Cauauian Land and Railway . Associtttion . ' ' ¦ '' : 1 ) . Wbight , Aberdeen , —Under consideration . - " -
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SALE OF THE GREAT DODFORD ; j j : i | - ' . ; : ¦ _ ESTATE . -i ¦ ' . \ ' ' . Theee are eighty acres ,. or thereabouts , of the Dbdford Estate yet unoccupied , which will be put up and sold by auction in Bromggrove , and wll be duly advertised in the local newspapers . The salc ;\ vill take place on the loth of April . ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ "¦ .-
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. THE REVOLUTION OF THE " MANCHESTER SCHOOL . " Reduction is tho order of the day . The Prime 1 Minister threatens all civil , judicial , and diplomatic functionaries , with a curtailment of their salaries . Landlords cut down their establishments and put the remainder upon ; short allowance . Farmers form associations , avowedly for the purpose of reducing the price of labour hitherto paid to the tradesmen employed by them in all departments , to an amount equivalent to the
diminished prices . they are receiving , for agricultural produce , —that is from twenty-five to thirty per cent . Even in the manufacturing districts , of whose prosperity we heard bo much at the commencement of the session , Short time , and "Short commons'" are by no means rare . The " cheap bread and plenty to do " which were , according to the Free Trade prophets , to follow the repeal " of the Com Laws , and to ensure " high wages , " have , some how or other , nofc come together : Instead of opening its arms , and inviting , all the unemployed in other parts of the country to crowd into additional mills , power-loom
sheds , machine shops , and warehouses , which the new foreign markets opened to us by Free Trade were to produce , Manchester is grumbling weekly about dull markets , and unremunerative prices . The tempting bait with which it angled for the supremacy , if not the exclusive monopoly , of the markets of the world has not taken . Protectionism is yet the creed of all the leading Governments of the world ; and they answer the confident predictions of the free-booters in this country by . tariff's of increasing stringency . There is no denying tho fact . " The Manchester School" has made a mess of it . Not
that large capitalists and crafty speculators have not gained by the change^—not ; that the system is altogether incompatible with the benefit of the already over-gorged few—but , as far as the prosperity , comfort , and elevation of the great bulk of the community is concerned , their system has totally failed to produce the predicted results ,, and the paltry and peddling schemes in which they -are now engaged , will only have the ultimate effect of aggravating the mischief they have alread y done . , - . _ ¦ .- ; . :. .. ' /¦ ' ¦' . " ¦¦ ¦ ¦ Np doubt , reduction of taxation is a very
desirable thing , if it be a bona fide reduction . But ifis quite possible to make apparent diminutions of the national expenditure , ^ vhich shall , in reality , be : extremely injurious to those whohave , iri the long run , to pay taxation of every ^ kind . According to those two extreme Economists , Messrs . Hume and Cobden , it is practicable , to effect a further reduction of from six to ~ X& > ven millions , in order : to bring things to tKpstandard of 1835 , and make a total saving o ^|^ n jmillions a yeat * npon the expenditure of l ^|^* jp The > flttvmg per Head , which this woulSgive ^
'ha&ijeencalcuated at about eight shillings ; per a \ rnumjC ° r / forty shillings for aa average family of five persons . But is it quite certain that the benefit of the remission would reach the labouring classes ? Heretofore we know that in most'instances it has been intercepted in its progress downwards , by the privileged classes , and fructified for their benefit only . In the great majority of cases the remission of customs and excise duties would be absorbed by merchants , traders , dealers , and profitmongers , of all grades ; and the proportion coming to the working man would be of the most minute and-imperceptible character . ,
Indeed , as long as Ministers are exclusively selected from a particular class of the community , and the , Legislature is avowedly constituted of men of property versus the men of labour , the remission of taxation will not only indirectly tend-to benefit the propertied and trading classes , in the way we have indicated , but it will be directly made for that purpose . Witness the Budget for the present
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ge ^ sioar Sir ChAiilkb < Wopi > , ¦* ;»» , fer . £ . Ic pJiceaiiRlliismtenM W *§|^ # « de that the grec * merit . ofMsific heme . ft is ^ roe that , as usual , he has bluadered , in ciairyirig his intentions into effect « but that ti ^ npthing to do with'the animus of the Bridget . ' ., ¦ ; ¦ , Z ' . . -.. ' . ¦ ¦" .: ' [¦ : '' .. '¦"" : ¦ ¦ ¦; ..-, ' . ' : " . ; ' . ;^ U financial reductions in the riafaonal expeSditurei ^ wter * theipresent system . of Gover % , nient arid : 'Legisla | ion , are fallacious , m far ^ as tlie working classls are concerned , in ! another ivay . The aristoera ^ . y and wfealthy ^ -elasses takecare , to keep ^ p , unimpaired ,. ^ Kbse departments in which ffihe pay , is largej and the duties light—or « t / , ' as the case may be—in order that they may always have ' a good pasture for the . younger sciofff of these classes ; When the demand for Economy and
Retrenchment grows too loudto be ' resisted successfully , it is not the superfluous admirals , ; captains , lieutenants , generals , and colonels—the high paid sinecurists , anid well-salaried do-nothing officials—^^ vho are thrown oyerboard . They have ^ ' -vested rights , ^ ' which are sacredly respected . The plebeians—who have no powerful " interesfc " - ^ are first sacrificed , and their duties thrown upon the shoulders , of some equally uninfluential a ^ hard-worked drudge . Private soldiers , - an | i | a | le seamen—engine makers , mechanics , shipwrights , blacksmiths , and the tradesmen usually employed about our dockyards and arsenals , are discharged . The expensive and ornamental portions of these establishments are left untouched . What is the
result ? The labouring classes are exposed to additional competition in the labour-market , and are compelled to submit to reductions of wages in consequence—more than'ten-fold the amount . ofanysaving they can possibly secure from such delusive reductions . : •; '' . .- - . . . The farmers in Hertforshire have just commenced a movement , . which shows , in a very striking manner , the destructive' and deterorating ' tendencies of this , free ; . booting and cheapening system , as respects '; the operative , elass in every department of indastry . They have formed an Association expressly for the
purpose of reducing ; prices . Nor do we see very clearly upon what reasonable grounds their right to do this , under onv present competitive and antagonistic free-action arrangenierits , canHbe . questioned . They state that , as the value of . ' agricultural produce is greatly lessened : by ; the free importation of Foreign Corn , farmers in general must adopt a system of wise and vigH& ' nt economy , ' extending to every branch ; of expenditure unavoidably incurred , that as those , employed in trade are reaping considerable , IMvantage from the cheapness of food , they ? 4 . hink the tradesman
should be able , without injury . to himself , to make a considerable reduction in his charges ; and that the tradesman , ariizan ; and labourer dependent upon agriculture , should thus be made sensible that free trade is a labour question . . They follow up these declaratory statements with an , elaborate tariff of the reduced prices proposed to the tradesmen of the county , which vary from fifteen to thirty per cent . ; wheelwrights are'to be reduced twenty per cent . ; carpenters to three shillings a day , ; bricklayers to the same sum ; and bricklayers
labourers to' one shilling and eight pence . Now , the . average wages of these two trades are from four shillings to four and sixpence a day , in provincial towns ; and if we take it at the lowest sum , ' we shall have a direct reduction of six shillings a week , orl 5 Z . 12 s . a year , to place against any benefits that Free Trade may confer upon the carpenter or the bricklayer ; and the forty shilling a year , which the Cobden budget may perhaps—sometime or other—cut down his contributions to the ' national Exchequer .
But the case does not end here . Whatever may be said of the relative proportions of the population dependent upon agriculture , and upon manufactures , no one can doubt that a very large portion of the inhabitants of this country , are indirectly , and directly , indebted to agricultural industry for their subsistence ; they constitute the home in contradistinction to the foreign market , for the productions' of the purely manufacturing districts . ¦ Any diminution of " their purchasing power must
inevitably , therefore , react upon the manufacturing districts themselves , and by diminishing the consumption , diminish at the same time employment and wages in ( these districts . Whether the foreign markets ^ which are sought after with ' such an insane infatuation by the . " . " Manchester SchooJ ^ ' are ample enough , and profitable enough , to compensate for- the almost incalculable injury inflicted upon : all classes of : jhe ^ community by this suicidal policy , is a question we may safely leave the reader himself to determine .
We can perceive only one ultimate result of this reckless , ruinous , and desperate system ; a narrowed , and narrowing field of domestic industry—a consequent fiercer contest between trades for markets , and latourers for work , with of course diminished profits and reduced wages . The power of money will become more terrible than ever , commercial feudalism will prove itself more merciless and ^ crushing than territorial feudalism in its most palmy days , until the . reaction , ¦ which leads ' to . revolution , shall at last , in the words of Bykon .
" C / leahse earth from hell ' s pollution , " . And all-the train of monstrous evils . which follow on the physicalj mental , and moral debasements of & whole people ^ and the unnatural elevation of the few , " , based upon ! mere money power , the "J ^ anchester ; School " are the true revolutionists in this < , country . Their revolution is in active progress ; It is rapidly subverting all existing institutions ,
and hurrying on our statesmen in spite of themselves , in a course of cheapening and spoliation , which can only terminate—if continued—in general impoverishment and discontent . The Red . Republicans and Socialists of Frarice ^ -whatever may be thought of them in other respects—have , at least , the merit of having something like a substitute for . the system of society to which they are opposed ; but the Manchester economists destroy what
exists , without replacing it by anything else . They drive us . downward to a social chiios ; in which there shall be . •' ¦ ' no King in Israel , " and every man being apparently' left free to " do what is right in his own eyes" without either Legislative or . Moral , Control ; the rich will crush the poor *; " , tlie strong oppress the weak , ' the cunning take advantage of the ignorant , and all society will be employed in the game of " beggar my neighbour , " under the solemn sanction of thai most elevated and sublime doctrine--- " Buy in . the cheapest , and sell in the dearest market . " .. ; . :
"We know of ' only one justification , or at least , feasible patliation i for such a , destructive and most ^ vretclied course of conduct on . the part of a greatnatf pn 7--namely , the absence of meanB | tp employ and to maintain its population . ; If we were either absolutely or relativel y stricken' with helpless and irremediable ; poverty , then we should not wonder at the selfishness of our common nature , bursting through all conventional restraints / and leading every man to grasp his uei g hb ' ou ' r ' s throat in the deadly struggle , to clutch a portion of the inadequate and scanty national stove . , ;
But this is not the case . . We are rich in all the means , powers , and facilities , for producing superabundant wealth . The primary elements of all national greatness , prosperity , and strength , are ^ : l » nd , labour , skill ,, and capital . Of all these elements wo possess £ more ample command than ever foil to the lot of any nation , : ancient or modern . It is the false and injurious direction now given to these elements , ^ , of which ; the magnitude and threatening nature , of our social ; evils arises ;; - They ought to be the cause of ; abuudance and leisure to all ; they are ' perverted into instruments b y which all classes are set by the ears , and the " lower ordered crushed
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to theie 9 * tb , iand / overwhelmed ; by . pauperismi poyer ^^^ crimei ^' ' r ; ''f : ^' ;' -H ' : ;¦ i Has it fn ^ rj'istruck aoy pRjur'solonsv that with 8 uch ^ &e ^ 8 ;; it . wo ^ , ;^ and a jafe&ii deal more ea « y , and agreeable , to set erorybody at work pwfitably , ^ anctliby ah equitable system- of distribution ; make' them happy , and contended participators in the pro-Buctsifiheir own indiistry ? ' ( J
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¦ '¦!¦¦ ¦¦ . ; i whm ; .. ¦ : ¦ ' THE TRTJCK SYSTEM . - ; Wojliaye frequently had occasion to repeat , that " Laws are like cobwebs , they catch the small flies—large ones : break . _ through them / ' The conspiracy of- a part of the millowiiers in Lancashire to evade the law in connejsj ^; : with the refusal of their accomplices on the ^ mag isterial bench , to impose ^ penalties , Ib > an illustration of the fact to which we have recently adverted . Another , has just occurred in the Staffordshire mining districts . Every one knows ' that there is a statute prohibiting the payment of wages in goods—or ,
as it ifl commonly' called—the truck system . Perhaps not a more heartless or nefarious mode of p lunder was ever invented than that thus denominated and the law—as far as words go—is sufficiently stringent and explicit in its prohibition and its penalties .,. But , though there is no loop-hole to creep through—as it is pretended there is in the Factory Act—it has not prevented the ironmasters / in the district mentioned , from carrying on an illegal traffic , by which they have robbed their workpeople of thirty per cent , above the market firice , of all the goods they have forced them
to purchase . The poor victims who were thus plundered , were ,.. in facfc , without redress . If they did rbot consent to take orders on the " tommy shops , " instead of money wages , they were discharged ; and they knew enough of the difficulty of getting employment elsewhere , to induce them to submit to the extortion , ratherthan risk starvation or the workhouse . In many instances ,. tho ironmasters openly keep hucksters' and haberdasher '
shops ; but , generally , in order to avoid tfie open scandal of keeping these shops themselves , they are farmed out ; and that they must be extremely profitable to . their owners , may be inferred from a fact stated at a public meeting in . Dudley , on Monday night last . The Mayok presided at that meeting , on the requisition of nearly two hundred of the most respectable persons in the parish , and there were present deputations from Bilstbn , and other towns . One of the speakers said : —
< They had heard a great deal lately about the distress of the farmers , but this ' . tommy'farming must be a good thing , for lie . heard theother day that , a ' tommy shopkeeper' to an ironmaster offered another ironmaster a better annual income , if he would send his people to be trucked it . his shop , than the profits which the best 560 acres of land in this country would produce , supposisg wheat to be at 8 s . a bushel . ( Cries of Shame . ) He added , most trul y : —• Of all the- instruments of cruelty that was ever thrown
up from the bottomless pit to enable one man to oppress another , this was the masterpiece , ( Hear . ) It wasan engine , the ' grinding qualities of which must ever be . regulated by the humanity or the cupidity of the man who employed it . ' The system madei the working-man ' s condition wretched j it ruined the retail trader ; if persisted in it would compel the money-paying master cither to pay i . i truck or . to discontinue his business ; it increased both crime . and ' poverty , . by the distress which it engendered on t ' . biie' hand and by the profligacy which the riches it created caused on another . ( Cheera . )
Numerous instances of the mischief , and the demoralisation arising from the practise , were stated by other speakers , aud specimens given of the modes adopted by the iron-masters in order to evade the law . The evil seems to have grown to . such a height , that the shopkeeping classes in the district have at length been forced to make common cause with the workpeople , in order to secure such a portion of the trade as will enable them to live .
Associations are in the course of formation throughout the district , for the purpose of enforcing the provisions of the law ; but that this will be a difficult task , in consequence of ( the composition of the magistracy , is evident from the result of the first informations against the offenders , tried at Wolrerhampton , on Wednesday . . The Truck ' Act expressly prohibits the ironmasters being magistrates , or any other persons being magistrates who' are in any way connected with ironmasters , from sitting to adjudicate upon informations laid under the
act . This apparent protection against the perpetration i of injustice is , however , neutralised in another way . The act requires that informations shall be heard before two magistrates ; and it appears that thero is but one stipendary and independent or disinterested magistrate in the whole of that large and populous district : Three parts of the County magistracy are directly disqualified from , siting . The remaining fourth is not to be found wheri Truck ' cases are to be heard , and the consequence is , that there is a practical denial of-justice in the district .
. The poor miners find that after they have mulcted their earnings in order to make up a fund for the purpose of bringing informations before the magistrates , and after having by so doing rendered themselves obnoxious to the law-breaking conspirators , b y whom they are plundered , and incurred the risk of being discharged , they have not made one step towards these objects . On the day the Justices ; meet , they are told their cases cannot be heard , because two qualified magistrates are not
present . The proceedings at the magistrates ' office , in Wolverhampton , were of such a character as ought to compel the Home Secretary to interfere , and provide for the due impartial , aud timely enforcement of the lawj'but if the ironmasters avo as powerful in Parliament as the lawbreakiug factory masters , there is small chance of that being the case . Sir Gv <^ rey can be a wfu y an stern ly just , when he ; hib ^ o ., crusli . a poor man , or a weak party , but his ' courage and his justice ooze out at his finger ends , the moment he is confronted with a party that has votes at its disposal .
Two kinds of information were to come before the Court on Wednesday . The first being for the issue of cheques for less than twenty shillings each . One of the methods resorted to for the purpose of evading the law , the other for a , . 4 n ; ect infringement of the Truck Act . " ' The , stipendiary magistrate was present the only other being a . Mr . BarkeS , an irony master .- The . . first charge he was qualified 40 set and adjudicate upon ; but when it was « alled , he peremptorily told the Solicitor } who appeared in support of the informations , ' ' tho cases must be put of £ Mr . Bolton , who is for the defendants , can't be here to day . " , . To all farther subsequent statements his last answers were , " We can't hear you . " " Its of
no use arguiag the case . " The Solicitor 011 the part of the plaintiffs , urged that he had a great number of cases , that the act expressly provides they must be adjudieated upon within twenty days from the time of their being . If they went on adjourning , they would fall to the ground , and his ^ clients would have ttf ' pay all the . expenses , besides enduring ; a , great Wrong ; he further averred , that ^ e adjournment was not asked in good faith ; Seeing that the defendants finding Mr . Boi / roN had a subpoena to go to ( jfloucester Assizes , retained him , in order that the cases might not come on that-day . Perhaps the confederate conspirator on the bench was perfectly aware of this ' ^ dodgej" but that was no reason why it should bo defeated , therefore he closed the affair , with the decisive sentence •— " ; tlie ease
must stand over , call on something else ;' and thus , because it was convenient to an . atT torney to be put of the way , the poor mei ^ who ' hadl . clab ' bJed . ' th e | r '' mbiiey . together were denied j usticej and . that protection which the law apparently extends to them . In this'paso , be ifc remarkedi'thesmagistrate had ; jurisdiction , a nd lie . usedi his , power to prevent ; the admihistratibn . ofjustice ., In a-subsequent case for offences against tho TriicK"Act , in " which Mr . Bakkkr could not act—it transpired , that so certain were the defendents of what the com-
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position of the bench would be thTT ^^ written to thewitnesaes forrtheplJfe ^ ad forming them ,. f that the case would' k called otf that-day ;! vThere must cettai ? be a marvellons gpod , nnder 8 tanding ben y he magistrate ' s , andjflpme ' :. of , the atw ! ili <> Staffordshire , ' , when we . find the 2 )> * arranging beforehandthe businesstnT °% aetedfby - the former J ^^^ ^ l . Mr . Edmonds of Binningham w 1 lni . truck ' cases in hand , threatened to tl > s Sir fiEmiflEfliiiv if ?! ,, « ... w tttn ? .. ^^ . .. . . , SZ ^^^^^^^^^ wm . , ^
but , for the reasons we have staf / > doubt if . much satisfaction will W t' ^ from that quarter . . Yet the remedt ^ appear to / be simple enough 4 a tC 0 ^ requires two independent justices to J ? l ^ upon these cases ; appoint an additinr , i ° at « pendiary magistrate ; the district is j , 8 ti - thickly peopled , and will find work en ^ him , apart from the necessity of lool-i ° ^ ° the maJpractises of wealth y law breath aftet sit in high places , and who , by vi l' ^ holding commissions of the peace den e o { poor man that justice they are s ' w * the minister freel y and impartiall y . ° 4 «
Tins , however , is only one more sc eri ^ the futility of the nominal restraint , ; n of by the law upon the rich in thi 3 pOse < i Wealth and station trample upon the ^ impunity .. It is the poor rogue and th ^ law breaker only , for wh om all tho w pOor of- the Statute-book am reserved 8 < J British Goddess of Justice , alas i 3 not 1 ,. ^ but wide awake , to the difference hot J ' thveadbare coat and a good one her a ciation of the logic of a full pocket can 1 " be equalled b y the sternness of the sanh wherewith ; she punishes an empt y one . ncc *
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ENGLISH ESPIONAGE . Some years ago , there was a so-called Radi cal Member of Parliament , called Dakie Whittle HABray . He was very gHb /„ tJj tongue , and used to make clever speeches but , somehow or' other , people had got the notion that lie was not to be trusted . IJOW over , he made himself feared by the Whin / sufficiently to induce Lord John Russell ° t 0 coutrive , that when he was elected to tho post of Police Commissioner for the City of Lou . don , he should thereby be disqualified for I seat in the House of Commons . Since that
tune the ex-Member for Colchester , has been studying , and practising the duties of Prefect of Police , seemingly upon a continental model We b y no means intend to compare him with M . Carlter— the inimitEble Parisian Prefect—who combines the two-fold cha racters of Professor of Political Economy and Director of Police , The London Commit sioner has not yet issued an y lectures to the English Chartists , ' or Communists , upon the subversive , ignorant , and impracticable nature
of their political and social opinions ; but he is evidently preparing to do so . He has taken thefirst step towards the practical imitation of his continental compe . er , by introducing a system of organised espionage . The thing has , hitherto , been so hateful ^ . Englishmen , that we are obliged to borrow a vord"to express it , To what extent this system has been carried out , it is impossible for us ^ tO say ; but it may be as well for the public to have an idea of the manner in which it works .
Not long ago , a charge of assault was made at the G-uildhall by one of these police spies , which threw some light upon the subject . A person was proceeding very quietly and steadily along Wood-street , with a bag containing music , in his hand , when he was stopped by a man in a fustian jacket , who in . sisted upon searching him . He naturally , and most properly resisted such interference , -which looked more like iutended robbery than anything else , and , much to his surprise and discomfort found himself conveyed to a police cell , and charged with having " impeded the police
in tho execution of their duty . '' The Alderman who presided when the so-called assault was tried ; strongly . condemned the conduct of the constable , and added his decided opinion that such a mode of carrying out the polica system was perfectly unwarrantable , and ought on no account to be tolerated . Considering that the Aldermen are Mr . Hakvev ' s masters , the hint ought to . have been sufficient . Not so , however . That worthy Commissioner has just issued a short report on the state of
the City , and the force under his command , in which he stands stoutly up for the spy system . He reprimands Alderman SALOiuys for being so " very unreasonable , " as to subject the constables to such rebukes as those he administered to the . fellows who went about disguised in a fustian jacket . "I should regret , " says Radical D . W . Harvey , " tho rclitiquishmeut of tlie practise of employing not constables not wearing the uniform of the force , being satisfied of its great utility . "
Here , then , we have the admission that this is " the practice ; " to what extent we can only infer from ' the value the Commissioner puts upon it . That the Espionage extends into the concerns of all . classes , 1 b also certain , from the variety of the disguises Mr . Hajivey ' s arguses are required to assume . No honest person will object to . place in- the bauds of the administrators of the law , and the protectors of the'lives and property of the public , all reasonable and proper facilities for the peiformauce .-of their duties ; but , if on pretence ot doing this , either the London Commissioner ,
or any other police functionary , is to be empowered to send out the men at his disposal , when he pleases , dressed as he pleases , and in what numbers he pleases , for what purposes he pleases , uncontrolled , unchecked , and without responsibility for the abuse of such powers , then we say , that the personal liberty of every Englishman is at stake . That his household secrets are no longer his o \ vfl > that freedom of speech and action arc danger ously menaced , and that we have taken the first step that leads towards the voiit hw ot despotism . ¦
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wg ^ - , TIIE GOltlUM CASE . A death blow to the Church of Eng land has beet struck , not by an enemy from without , but b )' friend within . The work of dissolution , which tne united efforts of the enemies of the State CliuW j and their name is Legion , could not effect , has oW " commenced by one of its stoutest upholders . V the Bishop of Bxeter , the most energetic pi-elnte w tho realm , is due the honour of sotting on foot tn » agitation of a question , the settlement of which . ' needs no prophet ' s eye to discern , cannot be >*' justed and tho church of England exut . ^ foundation stone of a controversy , which will batter
the pillars of the state church to the . ground , * $ laid on that day when the Privy Council g ave tM « judgment . Tho matter of the quarrel lies in a nutshell : —The Bishop of Exeter says , "t uat when * child is baptised , the application of " . . ' j washes away its sins ; " Mr . Gorham says , " it » s » such thing ; whereupon the Bishop will not Gorham hold any curacy under him , « P l L Mr . G . prosecutes his bishop ; one tribunal as » , that Henry of Exeter is right ; the case is c » ' before ; another , who reverse the former ««| s '" | ! and without f iring any opinion on the W obscure of baptismal regeneration , tell tho . J" - ' / , that he is forthwith to induct Gorham to h » »« £ fice . "No ! " shouts valorous Uenry ofty'V nee . xio : huuius vuiuiuuh nenr » «« ify
r "death sooner ! " and so ho blows up the A % bishop of Canterbury , who , poor feeble ini >" i . " t [ know which way to turn ; abusos the aut JJfri ^ . Privy Councils , and threatens Rome or Innd ( U | And so stand the two great parties , tho high cm and the low , pitted against each other like a < w of English boxers , waiting but the signal to w » J or rather , and more appropriately , like a couP' ^ lloman gladiators waiting for the signal to « w ^ other ' s throats . That tho Church of E « g Iand l 9 0 { rnirme the shock is alniost beyond the "" " tt « possibility . The high church : must ascend to . Church of Rome , arid the tow church must <««' ,, to the . Dissenters . To the reformers or » ^ Britain a ray of hope beams fi-ora the "f ^ j A tli « that presage tho approaching storm . £ ro ™ 0 , thundering elements , in tho shock of the cv } the State Church of England will ? & * ?¦ m& thanks to Harrv of Exeter , who has not t ^ g v his father ' s trade , but has brewed for the Cnuro Englaud the coming storm ! " - "'
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Thi Iobtheeh Stab. Saturday, April G, 1850.
THI IOBTHEEH STAB . SATURDAY , APRIL G , 1850 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 6, 1850, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1568/page/4/
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