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TIE 101THMI STAB, ¦ ' . .;' , ' sAi t iJKDA¥, ' : ' MAs |1 '4, - " is.5b.;!'.;; . ¦ ,,. '
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Untitled Ad
TftNITED -ViXBX<a * AND PATRIARCHS' BENEFIT SOCIETY , U Enrdledpromanttoie ^ eo . IX , c 5 £ 4 & 5 « 1 U « , * l ? . &WTicc . 27 ^ InstitaUd , 7 thF « b ^ l « 3 . ; Pat ™* . — 9 XS . Drocom « , E « i , U . P . T . Wjxlet , Esu ., M . P . R Cabbeii , Esa / lLP . / F . O'Goskok , Eb « i ., 1 LP . IoteJams Hassam , Esq . ^ *» « -f « ,.,.. % Tbe Sodetyii dmaaattto ax sectwws , to meetthe nwsesabes and neqairoments of all classes -of * n ¦ secoad ditto .... 3 « " VGeneralExpenses 3 2 J < Iasuranoewicaseoffire , 3 7 4 d . iwiftfor . . ' Third ditto 9 4 iin-lndine 2 6 canbeTSKedto 151 ^ 2 10 I Meoical ShdJtto " * I 0 " J- P ^^^ . 2 2 t ljd . a month extra , 2 5 J / Attendance and » ..:: I 8 J ittMUJ . 1 _ IO . J or ^ W . Si a month . 2 _ 1 J Me ^ icke . Sixthditto .... 1 1 ^ WoWMdOrphaBs'Fundsextr 9 , £ or vrhich ^ ee the rufcs Agendesare establiAedinmanyofaie principal Towns thronghoat the Queendroi , andagenU areiwrnred «« U tre ^^ wh ™ a ^ rfaUow ^ OT is made . Every information can beobtamed , . bj application to the Secretary , at SscTrfXsocfc ? , TrSSaT-wnrt . ^ r - * " * . ^ rteen *»« from * " * ° P of ToMenham-ooort-road ) , St ff 1 pe ^^ teCwmtryappljii « for Rules can have them forwarded , by enclosing twelre pogtage stampif , and if for for . ofappucation . orlfo ^ ln . threestampsmustbeenclosed . ^ v ^^^ , , ^ ALSO THE . BRITISH EMPIRE FREEHOLD LAND AND BUILDING SOCIETY . On an Advance jour Rent is Saved—you become your own Landand Householder . Pofrons—T . S . DDs « jMflE , Es « ., M . P . T . Vfssixr , Esq ., M . P . B . B . Cabbeu .. Esq ., M . P . L . J . IUksibd , Ese . . Banters . — The Commercial Bank of Loudon ( Branch ) 6 . Henrietta Street , Cuvent Garden , Chairman of Directors . —Seobge W . 31 Bxrsotns , Esq . ' ' ' London Office . —THo . IS , Tottenham Court , Kew Road , St ; Pancras , tondon . —Uaviel Woltam Rukf , Secretary . Abbascedw Theee Sections . —Value of Shares and Paymentfor Investors . ' Full Share — - £ 120—payment of 2 s . 5 d . per Week , or 10 s : Cd . perMonth . Half Share .... . 60 — 1 2 | — 5 3 _ Quarter Share .. .. 30 — : 0 74 : .. — 2 8 _ . ' - .. . : Applicants are requested to state in their form the Section they desire to be a Member at . ' . . ¦ Ko Scbvctobs * , Soucnoss ' , oa Kedesiphos Fees . —The present Entrance Fee , including Certificate , Rules , Ac , is 4 s . per Share , acd 2 s . 6 d . loranypartofas > hare . Piice of Rules , including Postage , Is . OBJECTS . \ . 1 st . —To enable members to briH Dwelhng Houses . 5 th—To give to Depositing Members a higher rate of ino _ j n > -, « --vJ tiia „„ .. « f nnn > 1 ii < nn ? hnth Freehold terest than is yielded by ordinarr modes of investment ^ V ^ f ^ r ^ r £$ L 6 * -To enable Parent , to mike Endowments for their and Leasehold Properties or Land , Children , or Husbands for their Wives , or for Marriage 3 rd .-r-To advance Mortgages on . Property held by gettien ^ , ^ . .. ° -Bicmbers . . ;; - . 7 th . —To purchase a piece of Freehold Lsnd of sufficient 4 th . —To enable Morfeagers being members to redeem value to give a legal title to a County Vote for Members of ,. - u " nrt ^ a ? e 5 . ¦ "¦ ¦ PariiameDt » ... ¦ Iectios ^ -Byjranin "' this section every person in town or country can become the proprietor of a House and Land in lisownneighboti ^ d , without being removed from his friends , connexions , or the present means himself and family ^ itecEios IL—Tomse a capital bv shares to purchase Estates , erect Dwellings thereon , and divide the Land into allotments ftom half-an-acre upwards , in or near the towns of the various branches of the society . The property to . be the tma Mt freehold of the member after a term of seven years , from tho date of location , according to his subscriptions . . Sectios III —Saving or Deposit section , in which members not wishing to purchase are enabled to invest small sums , receiving interestat the rate of five percent perannum , oa every sum of 10 s . and npirards so deposited . , : >¦ b!— £ 500 will be advanced to the members of the first Section in November next ,-when all persons who hare and may become members for Shares , or parts of Shares , on or before the 4 th of November next , and who pay six months ' sutecrhitionsmadvance , orotherwise , waibeeligibleforanadvance . .. ¦ ' ... ¦ . EMIGRATION . THE BRITISH EMPIRE PERMANENT EMIGRATION AND COLONISATION SOCIETY , To secure to each Member a FARM ot not less than Twenty-five Acres of Land in AMERICA , Bg Small WieUy or Monthly Contributions . Losdos Office : —13 , Tottenham Court , New-road , St Pancras . —D . W . Roftt , Secretary . OBJECTS . To nurchase a large tract of Land in the Western States To purchase in large quantities , for the common benefit , of America , upon which to locrate Members , giving twenty- all necessary live and dead stock , and other requisites , five acres to each Share subscribed for . supplying each member on location with the quantity re-To erect Dwellings , and clear a certain portion of the quired at cost price . Land on each allotment , previous to the arrival of the allottees . .... ...... To establish a depot , froti which to provide each family . a ^ SSftffiSKS ^^ withthercquired quantity of wholesome food , unta their collective and separate rights and immunities . own land produced sufficient for their support . VALUE OF SHARES . Each Share to be of the ultimate Value of Twenty-five Pounds . To be raised 6 y MgaMg or WeeUy Subscriptions , as folows : — A Payment of Ninepence per Week for Ten Tears will amount to 19 / 10 » . Bonus , 51 . 10 s . Ditto Sixpence per Weekfor Fifteen Years will amount to 191 . 10 * . Bonus , St . 10 s . Repayments may be made to the Society in Money , Produce , or Labour . Prospectuses , Rules , Forms of Application for Shares , and every other information , may be had at the Office as above All applications by Letter , addressed to the Secretary , must be pre-paid , and enclose a postage stamp for reply , ' Bv enclosing twelve postage stamps a Copy of the Rules will be forwarded , post free . Forms of Entrance by enclosing three postage stamps . Ageuts required in all parts of Groat Britain . ; NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY , r ~ Enrolled , pursuant to statute 9 th and 10 th Victoria , c 27 . IpHE ABOVE SOCIETY , as amended and legalised , was formerly known as the X NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE BENEFIT SOCIETY ; the managers of which have long ' seen the nece-sity of lfal protection for the secarity of its members . In framing the new rules , care has been taken to equalise the expenditure with the receipts , so that the permanent success of the Jsociery should he beyond all doubts . The Society is divided into three sections , to meet the necessities and requirements of all classes of mechanics and labourers , from eighteen years of age to forty . IBE rOtWWlSC IS THE EC&LE OF FEES TO BE PAID AT WEEKLY . ALLOWANCE IS S 1 CKKESS . ESTRASCE : — S . d . ¦ Age . lstsection . Sndscction .. 3 ndsection . First Section * 15 0 s . d . s . d . s . d . ! Second Section 10 0 Froml 8 to 2 t .... 3 0 .... 2 0 .... 1 0 Third Section 5 . 0 _ 2 i— 27 .... 6 0 .... 4 0 .... 2 0 — 27—30 .... 9 0 .... C 0 .... 3 0 mesbeks death . wife's death . — 30—33 .... 12 0 .... 8 0 .... 4 0 £ 8 . d . £ s . d . — 33—35 .... 15 0 .... 10 0 .... 5 0 First Section .... 15 0 0 7 10 0 _ 3 G—S 3 18 0 12 0 .... 6 0 Second Section .. 10 0 0 ...... ' 5 . 0 0 _ ss—40 .... 21 0 .... 14 0 .... 7 0 Third Section .... 5 0 0 3 0 0 JIOSTnLT CONTRIBUTIONS . < FirstSection , 3 s . Cd . Second Section , 2 s . 4 d . - Third Section , ls . 2 d . The Society meets every Monday evening , at the Two Chairmen , Wardour-street , Soho , Middlesex , where every information can oe had , and members enrolled . Country friends , applying for rules , can have them forwarded , by enclosing four postage-stamps . . . . . Members of the late Co-operative Benefit Society , who have paid all dues and demands up to the 25 th December , 1 SJ 9 , can atence be transferred to either section « f the National Benefit Society , without aiiy extra charge . Agents and sub-secretaries of the late National Co-operative Benefit Society , are requested to immediately inform the General Secretary of the number of members likely to transfer to the National Benefit Society ; and parties wishing to become agents , or to form branches ' of the new society , can be supplied with every information , on application to the Secretary , by enclosing a postage-stamp for an answer . James Gbassbi-, General Secretary , 93 , Regent-street , Lambeth . : . .
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LA ND AND COTTAGES , The property of an independent gentleman . There in now a capital opportunity on the Dibdix Hill estate , Chalfont , St . Giles , Bucks ( two miles from O'Connorvffle ) , owing to the removal of the principal tenant to the new estate near London . Eight acres , well known as the very best field in the parish of Chalfont ( as will be certified by those excellent judges , Whifcey . Roe , and Page , from Northampton ) . \» ith extensive right of Common , together with two four-roomed cottages , built against each ther . maybehadtmmaKatety for £$ i a year . But the freeholder being anxious to honour tABOCB ( being himself a W 03 EUSG gentleman ) , and to see as many happy families as possible on bis estate , he will accept nothing short of £ 32 for twelve mouths' rent in advance , if a rich man wants the whole ; but he will require only £ 8 for half year ' s rent in advance , if a roan takes only four acres and four rooms ; while he will be satisfied with only £ 2 , for one quarter ' s rent as a security , from any sober , honest , Industrious , agricultural labourer , taking only two acres and two atDibdininfltdlthe
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DR . BARKER'S RUPTURES . RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY AND TERMA XEXTL ? CURED WITHOUT A TRUSS !!
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JOSS DEAITS GRAPHIOLOGT . DO YOU WISH JK ) KNOW YOSJR OWN CHARACTERISTICS i " To knowthyself is tip most importaatof all knowledge . " IIeetos . MISS EMILY BEAN continues with immense success , to delineate the characters of individuals from a grai&iological examination -of their handwriting . All person * wisUing to "know themselves / ' or their friends , by means of iMs extraordinary sad interesting science , must eend a qpecimen of their arriting , stating sex , age , or supposed ag ? , of the writer , to Miss Dean , 48 , Liverpool-street , Kmg '*< ross , London , { enclosing thirteen postage-stamps ) , aiid they will receive a written description of their mental and moral qualities , virtues , and failings , ic , aad many things hitherto unsuspected , calculated to guide them through life . The many thousands who bare thankfully acknowledged the value of adrtae given , and die accuracy of iliss Dean's deHaeation of character , establish the truth and value of the sejence beyondadoubt
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Now publishing in Numbers at 3 d ., and Parts at 6 d . THE EMIGRANT'S GUIDE TO THE GOLDEN LAND . ft A L I FOR N I A ^ ITS PAST HISTORY ; ITS PRESENT POSITION ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS : ' WITH A MINUTE AND AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE GOLD REGION , AND THE SUBSEQUENT IMPORTANT PROCEEDINGS . InthecourseoftheWorkwillbeGiven PLAIN DIRECTIONS TO EMIGRANTS . TO ' CALD 70 RNU , on THE UNITED STATES , OR TO CANADA ; AU 3 TRALIA ; NEW ZEALAND , OR AST OTHER BRITISH SETTLEMENT . SHEWING THEM WHENTO . GO , "WHERE TO GO , HOW TO GO . Tables of Distances and Tables of Expenses , from British Ports to all Parts of the World . willbe correctly giveu : and Full Information respecting the Different Emigration Establishments under the Direction of the Government with the Class of Persons who are eligible for receiving Governmental Assistance , and Instructions how that Assistance is to be Obtained and in what it Consists . ' - ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES . Lonfion : Printed for G . Tickers , Holyivell-street , Strand : anusold by all Booksellers in Tom and Country .
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THE CHEAPEST EDITION EVES rCBLISRED . Pricels . 6 d ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAIHE'S POLITICAL WORKS . Now Ready ; a New Edition ot MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS Sold by J . Watson , Queen's Head Passage , Paternoster row , London ; A . Heywood ,. Oldham-street , Manchester , md Love and Co ., 5 , Nelson-street , Glasgow . And bv all Booksellers in Town and Country .
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. Just published , 70 th thousand , THE MORISONIANA ; or Family Adviser of the British College of Healtn , New-road , Lomdon . By Jaues Mobison , the Hygeist Price 6 d ., or Is . by post , and to be had of all the authorised agents for the sale « f Mr . Morison ' s Vegetable Universal Medicine throughout the world . ; .
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DEAFNESS . — Important - Notice . — Mr . FRANCIS , the eminent aurist , " who ' s has devoted his attention soleJy to DISEASES of the , EAR , continues to effect the most astonishing cures , in all ; those inveterate cases which have long been considered hopeless , and of thirty or forty years standing , enabling the patient to hear a whisper , withont pain or operation , effectually removing deafness , noises in the head , and all diseases of the aural canal . Mr . F . attends daily from 10 until 6 ,- at his consulting rooms , 6 , Beaufort-buildings , Strand , London . Persons at a distance can state then : case by letter . Advice to the poor , Monday , Wednesday , and Friday , from 6 till 8 in the evening . ' ' : • ¦
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TO THE EMBARRASSED . . , . 'PHERE are thousands of persons who have A long straggled against the force of misfortune , but few are aware that , by very recent Acts , aR smaU traders owing debts not exceeding £ 300 , farmers , private and protessioaal gentlemen , and all others , owing to any amount JUie latter without any publicity ) , can be entirely raited from their difficulties at small expense , ' and without imprisonment or bankruptcy . All such Mr . Weshw begs will ' nail at 6 > Estex * street ' Strand , by letter , or «*> Jpfficehoursfr « n » Wtai 2 , and " 6 tiR 8 . n -It —T ? above Acts stay aU Palace Court , County Court , andothar proceedings . Clergymen need not submit to £ equestratiens . ¦¦ " .- ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
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EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA . WT TAPSGOTT AND CO ., SHIPPING d ^ Xt cffl ^^ ' ^ T ' contin - To NEW YORK-every Pive Days . To NEW ORLEANS-erery Ten Days . To BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA-every Fifteen Dava . And occasionally to J . BALTIMORE , CHARLESTON , SAVANNAH , QUEBEC aadStJOHNS . , ^ Tt # Drafts for any amount , at sfgh ^ oh New York , payable many part of the United States . ' -ii « j » uio Tapscott ' a "Emigrant ' s Guide" sent free , on receipt of Four Postage Stamps . ; ¦•¦•¦¦ ''¦¦ w > - .. ¦ .-. . ^* - m -. ®* Abouttwenty ^ i ghtthousandperc ; .. afl edfor the Sew World , in Tapgcotfsline of American .- . , freti in ! 8 «!
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¦• ¦ Ediic ^; ^^|^^ i ;;; : ! ^ " . ; ' SHORTlt WiLlEiiWLISHEB , . ¦ : ¦ '¦• • . j ' . : raDE ( FIRST TSUMBMt ; - ;; .... n - .-, ¦ . " ; '¦ '"'; ¦ . ¦' y < op a ''" : i : '; : v , ¦¦; ¦ , " m CHEAP fflJSTAMPEO WEFKLY PERiQfiM ' . "' ' ••'¦¦ - ' . lo ' l BE CALLBD . ' ' . V-. ! . - ,-. .. - mViwiiiL ^ Biiiiwwi " ::
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JUST PUBLisHED , NO . 'il ^ OF THE DEMOCRATIC ^ REVIEW Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY .: . - and LITERATURE . .-. ..: ; . , Edited by G .. JULIAN HARNEY . ' , . ' . ..,. .- . . , : ; .., ¦¦ CpNTENTS :-, ,. ' . i . - . '• . ' ; ;; 1 . Reiusal of Parliament to repeal the iniquitous Taxes ! oti Knowledge . '' ' ' " ' . '"' . . " ' •"' " ' - 2 . Rural Slavery—A Voice from the County of Kent , ¦ 3 . Democracy defended in reply to Thomas . Carlylei ¦ ' { Continued . ) . '• . ; ;•¦; , : . ¦ .- . ¦ 4 . Universal Suffrage and the Ordermongers . . ; ' . ¦ 5 . Two Years of a Revolution . 1848—1819 . { Continued . ) G . De Flutter Vidal , and Carnot" " 7 . Birthday of Maximilian Robespierre . ' 8 . " Kespectable" Jouriialism . : ? . Literature : — " Historic Pagcsfrom the French Be-• volution . ' ! By Louis Blanc . 10 . Letter from France . .. . . . " 11 . Editor ' s Address on the conclusion of Vol .-I . 12 . Title Page , Dedication , and Index to Vol . I . " We recommend the Democratic Review , as containinR ahlo and clear views of the principlei of democracy , and withering denunciations of the ' bctteMlass' despoilers who live upon the labour of the honest workinjr man . "The Irishman . , Fobtv Pages ( in a coloured wrapper ) , Price '"' .. " TIUtEErENCE . London : Published by J . Watson , 3 , Queen's Head , passage , Paternoster-row . -. ¦ - ¦
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BOROUGn OF FINSBURY . , \/| R . JOHN . 5 EZER ( lately liberated LU 'from Ncwgiite ) , will give his first lecture on SUNDAY EVENING , May the 5 th , at the Old Dolphin , Olastreet , St . Luke's . Subject : " What can I do for liberty «" Lectures will be given every'Sunday , 011 popular subjects ; and members enrolled in the National Charter Association . . ¦ - ¦ . . ' ¦•• • . ¦'•;• ¦ ¦ ' . ¦ ¦¦ • Chair taken at eight o'clock .
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NATIONAL CHARTEK . 'ASSOOUTION . OFFICES , 14 , . SOUTHAMPTON STREET , STRAND LONDON . The Provisional Committee of the NATIONAL CHAR . TER ASSOCIATION hereby give notice , That those friends who are deBirous of forming localities can be supplied with Cards of Membership and Rules , by applying to the General Secretary , John Arnott ,-as above , from nine till two o'cluck , daily . ( Sundays , exeepted ) . and bu Monday evenings from seven to nine o ' clock : if by letter , prepaid . All applications by letter will receive the most prompt attention ' . ' ' ¦ . ; : ¦¦• ¦¦ . ^ ¦ , , Notice is also given that all the' receipts for tlie Cards issued , must bu forwarded monthly , per Post Office Order made . payable to John Arnott , at tho Post Office , Strand ' and addressed to him at the Office of the Association , 14 Southampton Street , Strand , London . Arrangements have . been made by the Committee to hold meetings as follows : — ' : ' . ¦ I . On Monday evening . May 6 th , at the South London Hall , Webb « r-street ,. lilackfriars road . A Deputation from the Committee , and J . B . O'Brien will attend . Chair taken » t eight o'clock . ' Admission free . ;
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( ftl J . ' Mantle , -WoWerhamtiton ; ., S . . jjuoraratti . Ttuimll ; '' and C . HiNCH ^ fBV nepk mond «^ e . T l ^ W'ik . '''' ' ? JoiUH HaenCTs ^ Iiob \ receiWd '; the' ftllowtag' uionleu . < — . ' (• HonestV- Funo . —Frofn ' -if number ;< jf iMenda atXwfl * - ampton , . per John ; StaVmer , '' 2 l ' . 7 s < lOd ,- Handed to Jfr . .. Kider . [ It ia impossible to find room for / the list of eab-\ Bcribers . ] . .-, / ; . . 1 ; . . - ,, . , y ;¦¦<¦ . ¦;¦ , s ; ., «< > : ¦;¦¦ : ' -i <> . ' . : Fob the Chartist AoirAttoN . —Prom Friends at , Quint , Manchoster , per \ V B . Robi ' nfioni'&Gd . ' Handed . to Mr . riArnott / /' ¦ ¦ ' •¦ - ¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦; . '" : ' .. ••¦; ' •¦' . ¦ ¦ ¦ :. ; ¦ • -: ¦( . " !• = , . • •• •¦ . ' Fbom the Democratic School /• Haikfax;—Per f taae ' -CHs-- ' sett , for Mis . M'DouaU 10 s . -For Yernon's Defence 5 s For Macuamar *' * Action 5 s . "Hjinded to Mr . Rider . . ¦ Fob , tue . F « at £ bnai Democbats . —From ltobert Hum'" , ptir ' ey ' 8 , . Manchester , Is Id—J . ' 0 . O'Meagher , Dublin , : ; is 2 d . ¦ - ' ¦ .. - .:- ' ';! - " " ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦'¦ ¦ " ¦¦ ' ' ¦¦' ' '
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TRIUMPH OF FRENCH i : ¦ - ¦ : ¦ DEMOCRACY . Despite all the arts—all the intimidationall the unconstitutional , and arbitrary means resorted toby the band of perjured conspirators against the French Republic ,. who now hold the reins of office , the Socialists of Paris have again achieveda 'glorious victory ! After the * 10 th of March , the- despotic party dared them to another trial of strength . -By the acceptance of the seat for ; the Bas Rhiri , M . Vidal vacated his place for Paris , and gave the Ordermongers another chance . This time there was no mistake—there can be ho lying down the facts . The . fight Was a hand-tohand one , and we heartily .. ' exult , in the " thorough and complete victory which has been gained . . : ..-. ; .- ' ..
• Let the French people continue " 'to carry on the campaignthusadmirably begun , upon constitutional ' grounds , and constitutib ' nal . principles . They , are making a noble use : df noble institutions .. ' They . have idriven the sq ^ called Ordermongersjto > despair and desperation . ' . Let tliem coihrnit ^ piolitical suicide . Bui ,- if the great and ; well-organised Democracy of France will tread the path they have entered upon firmly , neither provoked by brute violence , insolent taunts , or arbitrary , outrages , into : uiir timely , action—the day is not . distant when . the material , as well as the moral and intellectual power will be at their uncontrolled disposal .
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THE NEW SAVINGS BANK BILK ; After much delay , the long-promised measure of the Government , for the Better Regulation of Savings Banks , has made its appearance . Since we last noticed the subject , other defalcations have been brought to light '; and ; altogether , we should Imagine that public confidence is very much shaken in these institutions . Whether the proposed ; planof the Chancellor of the Exchequer will restore their damaged credit , remains to be seen ;
Under , the belief that theGovernment were responsible for the safety of the deposits , the working and lower portion of the middle classes invested £ 28 , 000 , 000 of money in the Banks . The immediate security offered by tliem was a long array of Trustees , comprising noblemen , squires , . clergymen ,, professional . men , arid merchants , ; of weight and "influence in their respective localities . Regulations , by which the surveillance of these respectable and benevolent Trustees were ostentatiously paraded , by which it . appeared that . an ingenious system of checks and counter-checks was to be
set to work , under their immediate alternate superintendance , sufficient to prevent any fraud , or misapplication of the funds , on the part of the paid servants . The Patrons ., and Trustees gave their services and . influence quite gratuitously , for the pleasure of assisting their poorer neighbours to invest their small savings safely , and to cultivate in them habits of thrift and forethought . ; "•""• : From these . Trustees and Managers , the money had to be handed , under the requirements of an Act of Parliament , to the Government , to be by them kept and . used in
such manner as it might think fit . The Commission for the reduction of the National Debt was the department specially entrusted with the receipt and application of the funds thus accumulated . By the Act the Banks were also compelled to forward periodical accounts of the state of their financial position , made up according to certain forms , which were intended to act as a check upon mismanagement and fraud ; and
the Commissioners were imperatively required by the law , to take steps whichAvould have had the effect of stopping any Bank which misappropriated the monies intrusted to it . At first the Trustees were , or were understood to be , individually and collectively responsible for the deposits ; and ' . on-all hands , it was believed that the Government j as the receiver and user of the principal stack , was not '' ' only morally , but legally responsible to those who invested their savings in this manner . '
"he whole of this seemingly fair and honestly contrived system was , as we have previously shown , a mere sham . . Wo will not call it a swindle , because that presumes a deliberate concocted fraud—and we do not go the length of charging that upon those who devised it . But the practical working has , in many instances , had as an injurious an effect as if the banks had been setup by some of the clever ^ members of the : Swell Mob , for the express purpose of plundering the unwary ; with ^ this difference , that not all tho . ingenuity of the Swell Mob , could have extracted one hundreth , or a thousandth part of the money , which the show of respectable and apparently responsible Patrons , Trustees , and Managers did . .
" ! The way in which this happened may be briefly explained . In the first place , an Act of Parliament was obtained , by which the Trustees were made liable' only for the sums actually paid to theni as individuals . Having thus divested theniBelves of legal , corporate , and individual responsibility , the . next step —• that of leaving all the business to ; the paid ^ Actuary and Secretary , was an easy and Natural one . What is everybody ' s business we all know is nobody ' s business . ' . By-most i ' of tho-fules of Savings Banks that we have f seen , the Trustees or Managers are requested
to attend alternately , on the days the monies are paid and withdrawn ; and to take Buch a part in the . business that fraud would be extremely difficult , ifnotimpossible ; but instead of doing this , many of them have gone on for years without mustering the accounts , or detecting gaps through which thousands were filched by dishonest employes . One would have thought that the trouble of calling in all tho depositors' books once a year , and comparing them with the ledger , would have been the least possible discharge of duty that these Trustees could perform . Even this ; however , has not been done in many cases . .. In others where it has been done , it has been left to the Actuary himself , the very person to be checked
by the . process . Nay , to Buch an extent has the habit of playing at pitch and toss with the money of the poor depositors proceeded , that blank cheques have been signed by the Trustees to be filled up by the paid officers without limit . At the period when ' the Act passed for releasing Trustees from their liabilities , there were Actuaries then in office who had embezzled deposits to theexl tent of many thousands , which , up to that time at least , the trustees were bound to make good . The result hasbeen ,. the defalcations which bavespread ruin and dismay in many a humble dwelling , both ; in England and Ireland . ¦ -- - / ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - . ¦ ¦ : ¦¦ ' ¦¦• • ., ¦ , ¦ ; i ,. . ; - ^ ' . ¦ ¦*¦ " ¦ '• " - ' *;; . The ' office for the Reducti 6 n > f 4 e ^ ioi » al Bebt was . equally culpable , ^ and eqnaily retniw
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an the execution of the . duties confided to it . For years ' it attowed . ; insolvent Banks | to go-aa receiving ttiedepoBits of the poor ; ' For years ty connived ' at ' ; the making of returns sot in accordance ; yrith '¦ th eyr ^ uijremeiits ' . iof the Act --foryears it mus ' t ; hayebeen ttati ; this violation of the lawvin making the returns , could be'for no other motive than to coyer , deliberate frauds , or irregularities in the accounts , both of which it was ttieir duty to ; check and pre vent . ; For-years all these facts were before them , witk the obligation of making known these facts to the public , and they wilfully broke the law , and disobeyed the plain injunctions H contained for the ; regulating the discharge of their duty . ' ;
• : Under these circumstances it will be remembered , that in spite of the determined opposition of the Government , the House of Co * a mous agreed , to the appointment of a Select Committee , to ' inquire ., into three shocking cases of failure ; in ; Ireland . By the terms of the motion the House also implied an opinion that the' Government were bound to make up the losses which had accrued through the laches of their , Officers , even if there was no positive
enactment ' binding them to do so upon other and broader grounds of equity . ^ The ! Government , however , fought hard against that conclusion ; and after several nightB of hard fighting , and the . exercise ' . of . the most unblushing Treasury ; coercion ,, arid ; , manoeuvring , succeeded in . stifling the ; question , by appointing a packed . Committee pledged to the foregone conclusion of acquitting them from this responsibility . , ;; , ' ¦¦; ' .. ' . ' .. . . ¦¦ '" .. '• . , .
Had the , defalcations been confined to Ireland it is , probable we should have . heard little moreof'the matter . Ireland is the eel of our political system . She is used . to be skinned alive , arid'ttie operators have been so long accustomed to , the . process that , not unnaturally , like the : lady ai Biliingsgate , they think she has : " got used to it . " But the grand smash of ' " friend "' Howarth , at ' Rochdale ; and the subsequent , exposure 6 f ; the plunder . that had been / carried on at half a dozen othW establishments , ' rendered Iciissez faire no longer possibleV Government were compelled at last
to iriterfeiie , ' and the fruit of long and careful consideration is' now before the country . . It' is prpposed that . in future the Treasurer alone shall receive the , deposits ; that he shall be appointed . b y the Goyerriment , . which will be responsible for him , arid'in return , he is to give security to the Commissioners for the National Debt ; , The Trustees are to appoint the . other ,,. officers , and to bo made responsible for them . by . a restoration of the clause re-: pealedin 1844 , : These two provisions comprise , in fact , all the additional secureties which the Goyernmont propose to give depositors in
future . There is no retrospective clause providing for the reimbursements of the losses sustained by them up . to this time . Looked at in the abstract , the two propositions seem simple , arid tolerably well calculated for practical use . But the price of their , adoption by those who have a few shillings or pounds to spare is ; a pretty high one ; and the whole scheme is marked by that desire to throw every pecuniary . and social obstacle in the path of
the , poorer classes , which is so characteristic a feature of our aristocratic legislation . At present , ' deposits areslimited to £ 150 . In future , they must riot exceed £ 100 ; when they reach that . sum , tho depositor will , be permitted to invest it'in . the'funds , through the agency of the Bank ,, taking of course all the risk of the fluctuations in the Stock Exchange—and then he will be at liberty to begin again . In order to pay salaries , and cover the risk of defalcation , the interest is to be still farther reduced on all
further deposits . Up to a recent period it was three and a quarter per cent , per annum . It was then reduced to £ 2 18 s , 4 d . per £ 100 per annum , and now it ia proposed to lower it still farther , namely , to £ 2 15 s .. It is said that " money makes money ; '' but it will be seen from this , that however true that maybe of rich man ' s money , it shall not bo true of tho poor man ' s ; if the Chancellor of the Exchequer , can help it . In fact / the ' Scheme , when seen in all its ramifications , is a very ingenious one . By the existing state of the ' law of partnership , any profitable outlet for
combined small capitals and accumulations , ¦ are placed virtually upon the footing of lotteries . Tho law , refuses to take cognisance , or to protect' either .: funds or property thus employed and acquired . The Societies and Associations " are subject , at every turn , to be plundered' by knavish officers , or fleeced by scoundrelly members , without chance of redress or protection . B y amending the administration of the Savings Banks , and giving a real , in stead of : a sham and : delusive responsibility for investments , the hope is , that ithe-thrifty portion ' ¦ of the poorer and middle classes will necessarily be driven to invest their savings with the Government
alone , and thus give them the means of perpetuating the present system by the means supplied by the very parties whoin it most grievously oppresses and plunders . The whole scheme is Machiavellian in its conception , and well calculated for the object in view . It would require a national effort to break through the meshes thus craftily woven around the peoplo ; but recollecting the fate of the Land Company , and the faintly backed struggles of the honourable member for Nottingham , to open a substantial and profitable labour field and investment to the working man and small capitalist , we have small hope of that national effort being made .
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Mr . Geobge Adams , 24 , Nelson-street , QIasirow will . iin ' ply the National Instbdotob . Hisnamfw ^' n ^ HnH msssm ment Both shall appear in next week * . < jm »
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STAFFORDSHIRE : POTTJ 1 III ^ S . . ; , Mr . W . P . j Roberts will be in Hanley on Monday next , the 1 6 th of May . ; : ;
Tie 101thmi Stab, ¦ ' . .;' , ' Sai T Ijkda¥, ' : ' Mas |1 '4, - " Is.5b.;!'.;; . ¦ ,,. '
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . Economy is still tho "talk" in the Commons . All parties have become professedly " Financial Reformers , " though in the curious "threesome reel , " danced by Protectionists , Whigs , and the 4 Manchester School ; '' it is somewhat puzzling to comprehend the various evolutions of the performers , notwithstanding a frequent changing of positions which appear to mean something . Some how or other , at the close , they are all in the old places . Mr / Henley ' s proposal for a revision of all
salaries and wages paid in the public departments was , on the faco , one of those motions whiclr might have fairly have been supported by . all parties professing to be anxious for economy in the -public expenditure . But Minister ' s , while professing a great desire to retrench wherever it was practicable , resisted it on the ground that it was better to leave such reductions to the heads of departments , and to reduce redundant employes , rather than the salaries of those who were really required to do the work . Now wo have not the slightest doubt that ; Mr . Roebuck , Sir R . Peel , and
Lord J . Russell all spoke the truth , when they said that the gentlemen who , in our public offices , really carry on'the active business of the country , are not overpaid , when the responsible , coufidential , and important nature of the position is considered , in connexion with the abilit y required for the discharge of those duties . But if the fact is so , why not let an inquiry be made by Parliament into the matter , arid upon the conclusive evidence thus
adduced silence air future question or doubt ? A case is generally suspected of being a weak one , when it requires to be helped by such evasions as the moving of the previous question . Many portions of Mr . Henley ' s speech were marked . by the great practical knowledge of his subject . He especially pointed out the anomaly of exempting from Parliamentary scrutiny arid sanction the large sums expended in the collecti and supervision of the Customs * and ; Excise . ' These sums ainouht to several' million ' s
annually , and it is obvious what a vast field for jobbing is opened 'by the present 'mode of payment . Nothing can be more just or busiriess-like , than to demand that every farthing collected from the nation , in the shape of taxes forithelroperial . Exchequer ,. ought to . be . ' . paid
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Mr . Hoksman—on the occasion of the second reading of the Ecclesiastical Commission Bill —took the opportunity of giving another of those . dissections of Episcopal morality and honesty , for which that gentleman is so famous . ' - A Committee of the House , sat in 1 ' 848 , to investigate the manner in which those * ' Right Reverend Fathers in God" managed the funds entrusted to their care . "We have already told the story of jobbing , corruption , extravagance ,
and dishonesty , which was thus disclosed , and need not repeat it . The Committee was composed of persons very friendly to the incul-> ated prelates , and , of course , disposed to let them down as easily as possible . None of their recommendations , we may bo sure , were conceived in a hostile , spirit . They felt themselves bound , however , to propose that the Secretary should also be the Treasurer , and the Commission all rolled into one person , and , free to speculate on his own behalf , and to
plunder the public funds , on the simple condition that he aided the Bishops in carrying out their own individual pet schemes . The career of the worthy Secretary ended less fortunately than his nominal superiors . He burnt his fingers rather severely with the railways , and other speculations of a cognate kind , and ultimatel y went off—it is said by the connivance of the Bishops—with several thousands of the public money . This was—as Lord Liverpool said—" too bad ;' and even a
friendly Committee could not overlook it-They recommended , therefore , a standing and paid Commission to administer these funds , and , of course , to bo responsible to Parliament for the manner in which they iliil s 0-After much forcing , and many inquiries , a Bill was at length brought forward in the Lords , conceived in a very kindly sp irit towards these ri g ht reverend vultures , but it was not conciliatory enough . They introduced clauses , which while , to some extent conceding . a responsible uidministration had , in fact , the
power of placing tho funds as much as ever at their disposal . ' Tho " \ Vhigs are '' the mildest ) meekest , mannered of mankind" when they have a powerful interest to deal with ; but even they winced Bomowhat at eating the lee * provided for them by their godl y opponc ' ' aiid proposed in the Lower House , to restort a few of the original provisions , which the bishops had thrown out , and to -disallo w others they had imported into the hill . & fact , the measure is merel y intended to evade the report of the committee to confn'i" tne
episcopal grip . upon the property they ha «> got within their clutches , and thus to supply themselves with the means of building neff palaces , keeping old ones in repair , and ornamenttheir grounds and gardens outof the tuiw 8 entrusted to the Commission , instead w their own very scanty revenues . Mr . Hqns * *' tore the hypocritical and smooth looking snau * to tatters , and as a consequence , « ' « s a > sailed by Mr . Goulbourn , and Sir R . ISC H with a torrent of . ' vituperation , the only e «< *
of which was , to damage irretrievably tho en racter of their clients , and their own at w same time . It was clear that the brief of w }» had been endorsed " no case , abuse the w tiff , " and they did con amore . Neither of twj went scatheless however ; the " rig ht houo" * able member for the University of Oa » bridge" especially , will not soon , n oV ? J ' forget the bitter , but witty description , ot " political career , given by Mr . B . OsuoUl ^ It was riot exactly in accordance M " e political , , tp call things by their right . n « jwj » butane . ehouts ; iof laughter that && "
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, " —»*—^—— — nil , - ' - ' r- . wv * directly mtb ^ fcaccounted fortoSv 551 —aiid , thatih 6 : ciyil ,. a 6 w , ell as the nl v ^ military expenditure , should be a ° * brought under , the conside ration of ti . r tt& h lature . . . .: ; , r . ,.. iegia . - Mi . CoBDEN and the Free Tma nounced ; ' the motion as a proposal t' ^ sweeping reduction '¦; " rather , stranee £ ?» " * be sure , from the propounder of the 11 i ' to ten million reduction . But the real bii H difference was , that Mr . Henley '* 0 ° f carried ^ to the apprehension of the J 1 ^? tio 11 Apostle , " a sting in its tail ; " it ip iv infen-ed , if it did not broadl y state tt * b& ^^ 5 *^ ° ^ iconseouS ^ ice Ai
A- autj poncy ,. wmcli had bv im ' " ^ ing the general communit y , render dT ^ to pay the same taxation as whenZl ^ ]* higher , and , as a consequence , prof 2 ^ comes better . Mr . Cobden 5 too ' ? ' tactician to allow this aw 2 ? * his favourite theory , If he can help J . ° therefore , by very bold assertion ? Ill a"d > vague politico-economical arrrUnipi ;( o ? « y tmnpted to show that the BepS of h W Laws , and good vrageson ^ to go toJS . Clin » the proofs he cited in support of th , ° " 8 ment , were the cases , of the stockirj't 16 ' framework-kn , tters , andlace-niaW nSSr , ) verai
^ umes aunng the last twelve ml l m a thing unheard of for fifty yel S - with all deference to the popular ovL ^ logic has been lauded so highly il « fWho « e that we cannot perceive the connex ? f ? his facts and his inference . GranS tfe to be toe , where is the proof th atfiJ ?' mailers' wages are therefore improS ^ the strikes not have been occasioned ' lvT manufacturers taking occasion fromthooi nessof provisions to make still further «< av , f ments " from the wretched oarnin cs fo ^ 't tiona . ^ ce whom ; long continued toil « S semi-starvation have subdued into almok Un resisting slaves , but who were yet cl J « ofjercemngthatit is the last eath ? fi breaks the Camel ' s back ? If the Cl \ eiact be not
time ,,. 1 ,., * j .. A . v . .,.: t ., thus what is to- be said of the Sc them to the disagreeable , expensive , and i i tating policy of a strike for an X " w . hich j f gamed justly , should have fi paid to them without , such agency ? But our pseudo economists are fond of repeating tint wages do not depend on the . price of food Labow , say they , most sapiently , is a coin . ' modity , and its price , like that of every other commodity , depends . upon supply and demand . Irue ! Most wonderful philosophers ! But there is a point below which the raw material canuot be produced and then in this t uvuvi aim uieu
; ennr ,. ™ -. — , iu mis COUlilrY ot steam engines , mules , throstles , powr looms , lathes , slotting machines , plauins machines , and thousands of other contrivances for dispensing with manual labour . Such a superabundance of . productive power that adult manual labour must always bo a drug in the market . The supply must , under the present system , always very largely exceed the demand . What then ? "Wh y , that every penny taken off the price of the loaf , or the sugar , or the soap , or the candles , consumed by the poor man , is an incentive to the
screwing capitalist to reduce wages , because he well knows that he will find plenty ready to accept work on any terms that will secure them a bare subsistence . A reduction iu prices leaves those in employment a trifle above that amount ; and the commercial feudalist , on the principle . of Political Economy , is entitled to appropriate that to himself , in the same way as landlords arc to claim for rent the tliflerence between the cost of cultivation and the cost of the farmer ' s family , and the total
amount of produce raised on the farm . Spite of all that can be said or protested to the couti-ary , the system is one that leads to general impoverishment , in connexion with our present modes of employing the population , and distributing the products of their labour . If they are not . yet satisfied with the experiment that has been inade , we must " wait a little longer , " till oven the . wilfully blind must be convinced of the erroneous policy they are upholding by the non-fulfilment of all tlieir high anticipations . ¦ '
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 4, 1850, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1572/page/4/
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