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.. TO TSU ^ &iJm SLAVES ; jTtF ^ iesds , ' . For although slaves I call you my friends , because slivery is a brutal and tyrannical inj ustice heaped upon you . I was in the Bouse on Tuesday night for the express pur-¦ poseof supporting Lord Robebt GnoSTEXon ' s potion , for " a Select committee to inquire vKether any measnres could be taken to improve tbe Sanitary condition of the Journey-Batersbut not fortunate ¦
men ; " I was enough to be present Avhen your philanthropic friend and emancipator ( JoHJf Bbight ) made his savase and disgusting speech ; if I had been , I should have answered it ily friends , as you do not very probably read those speeches made in the SHOW BOX , I here insert the speech of that philanthropist , in order that you may comment upon it yourselves . Here follows the speech of the representative of the drones of the great Northern hive : —
jlr . Bright understood that the noble lord mslied tie inquiry to . extend to the places in wliieu these men worked , and the time they were employed . Theioblc lord had even spoken of their & 5 < msting dirtiness . But he ( Mr . Bri ght ) could not see how Parliament could take steps to alter the arrangements of bakehouses , or consistentl y interfere directly with the labour of adult men . " Indeed , the noble lord ' s clients , however much , they snifrht suffer , seemed to be in a very good position to plead their own cause , for they had an organ of their own , termed the Bakers' Gazette and General Trade ? Advocate . By a copy of it which he Leid in his hand , and happy the stamp
authorities-had not pnt their impress upon it , and it could be sold for three halfpence . That the house might know what were the princi ples now fejng propounded toParliamcnt , he would read from this publication a . few sentences from an article ¦ which contained opinions identical with those expressed by the noble lord , and with tbe principles of lie measnre he brought forward List year . The article was entitled "Wages and Labour , " and referred to a . case which was brought before one of the police 6 iBse 3 , showing for how ' small a sum a needlewoman had been compelled to work , and . complaining of the want of some law to protect lalxrar . The particular case was that oi a poor
woson , Francis Dillon , who was allowed but sixpence per pair for making corduroy tronsers . [ A good deal of merriment was created at this point of the quotation by a sotte vece remark of an hon . member on the back benches , calling attention to tbe corduroy trousers worn by Lord Marcus Hill , \? ho was sitting on the Treasury Bench immediately below the hon . member for Manchester . ] Unsn these facts the writer in the Bakers" Gazette laid down doctrines \ sHeh were in no respect snort of Communism ; they were , that the country must soon go back to the old principle of determining ly act of Parlia-¦ za& the snhumwa or Trages xrhich working people were to receive , regulating that minimum hv the
prices ot food . If parliament did that , and fixed the comber of honrs which was to constitnte a day , then it was said that a great point would be gained for tie working classes of this country . The writer next went on to say that , in holding those opinions , ie by do means maintained the views of Commu-2 i = m , because he wonld allow all who thought proper to work longer each day than the number of lours specified by law as the limit . The hon . member having read the article , put it to the house whether there was anything in any of the projects of Bobert Owen , or of any of the Socialists of ihe day in France , more clearly of the nature cf what we understood hy Communism than what was contained in that article ? The men whese case the noble lord advocated were grown
up men , and as it appeared not ordinarv men , but Scotchmen . ( Laughter . ) Sow if there was one class of men on the face of tbe earth better able than another to take care of themselves , it was Scotchmen . The condition of these journeymen bakers was represented as most horrible : the dens in which they worked were said to be dreadful . Then , if they came to England voluntarily to work in such places , how very horrihle must he the places which they quitted . He was astonished to see such a cause sanctioned by"the advocacy of the noble lord ; it was most surprising to see him contending for the supporters of such a publication as the Gazette to which he had referred ; to see him urging the adoption of Communistic doctrines in favour of a body of stalwart men , who needed no protection .
Aow , as the speaker professes to he a Parliamentary and Financial Reformer , if that body does acknowledge him as a fair TeSex of their principles aad opinions , I say to H—11 with such hypocrites . How do you think that men . of that class , if truly repre sentedby Joffif Bbight , would ever confer any privilege upon the slave class , to emancipate them from the gripe of their owners % * Let me analyse the speech of this philanthropist "He could not understand how " Parliament could take steps to alter the ar" rangemesta of bakehouses , or consistently " interfere directly with the labour of adult " men . "
n ell , here is philosophy . If this is a sound preposition , of what avail then would be the snecess of the Parliamentary Beform Association , if it could not interfere with the Labour Question , which it professes to he the question of questions ? Why did Lord John Eussell and his philanthropic coadjutora devote so much of their time and their energy to the
EARLY CLOSING SHOP QUESTION ? Bo shopmen standing behind counters "with curled hair and perfumed handkerchiefs , suffer as much as the oppressed bakers ? And are not many of those adults ? And why then did the noble lord—the Prtmk Mixisiehcontend for their liberation from bondage ? And why did Mr . Bright not oppose their liberation ? And then , speaking of the "Bakers' Gazette , "—the only organ through Tvhich their class could develope then- principles , he savs : —
. Aad happily the Stamp authorities h » a not yet put their aajressuponit , anditcouldbfisoW for three hiupence . 2 fow , was not this a hint to the Government to suppress the only organ through which the distressed bakers could express their opinions ? Ibenthe philanthropist goes on to sympathise ¦ sifli the " poor creature * ' Fbaxces Dnxox , ^ quotes her case , as extracted from the "Bakers' Gazette , " showing that it was liable «• be seized , a 3 it pnblished a police case . Then the spouter goes on to say : — JPie condition of ( bete journeymen bakers was repre-* a * lasmosthorrible ; the dens in which they worked ¦ *?« Slid to be dreadful . Then , if thev came tn T ! ntr 1 « im
• O'tatarilj to -work in such places , how very horrible must « toe place which they quitted . . 3 f 0 W , w ] j at ^ fljjg p rovej IjgyojKj fljC ™« ce between the positive and comparative * &te , © f misery which the poor baker is com-F « ied to accept ? Might he not as well tell us wat there was to he no sympathy for the «> avicted felon , who preferred the hardest toil w remaining hound in his fetters ? "Would ^ se men place themselves in thislife-destroy-» g position , if the veritablefield of labour was S 7 them ? N ° 5 tat as he and his co-J * c « es hve upon the sweat and Hood of their * w-made slaves , they fear lest the emancipa X da 5 a 6 krald lead tothe freed ° The orator concludes thus —
SSi ^ &TSZSSS ^ sSz ^^» fA S ^ S ^^ SS ~ S « ie adoption of Communistic doctrines in favour Sf J ^ J dass , and , worst of all , in favonrbl a " body of stalwart ^ ea . flhoneedsd no protection , ft i although I am no Communist , 1 r ^ kW avow that I "would much prefer a sys-^ based upon Communism , to that svstem |? * hich the rich capitalist is enabled to suck « fc very blood of his dependent slave ; of two d choose the least , and Communism vrtrald rf edly be the lesser evil . Then the orator UJ to tell us that the bakers are ? ' stal-^ T > who need no protection . " Now , I
, auth '¦ f ^ asser tf ° n DPon the very hest ont y . Upon the very nightof the debate , ster r ^ nsGHW , the member for Westminsoiu ' o Onned me » tbat he was director , or in Panv S connected ! " * & an insurance com-* - lch "WOULD 501 INSUKB THE IIFE OF staG XEBUN BAKEE 5 yet these are the erenir- 111611 who need no protection , when anvtWn ^ DSUrance """ Paay ^ not guarantee ^ ypng upon their death . W * > working men , visa , you find one oi
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that class opposing the Ten Hours Bill , and opposing a measure which is calculated to increase the health and comfort of poor bakers , what would he your fate if you were represented hy such a class in the House of Commons ? I now turn from this disgusting subject to address you upon more general matter . I have now lying before me a pile of letters inviting me to . nearly all parts of the country , and all kindly acknowledging me as their indefatigable benefactor and leader . It would be impossible for me to give an answer to each , as yet , as to the time that I will pay each a visit ; but I promise to announceand verv that class opposing the Ten Hours Bill , and
, speedily , when I will visit each and every locality . My friends of Hochdale , Bilston , Leicester , Thrapstone , Holmfirth , Keighley , Manchester , Birstall , Ashton-under-Lyne , Burnley , Sheffield , Derby , Oldham , Norwich , Bradford , and several other places , request that I will now appoint the day , ' and each cheerfull y promising me a hearty aid enthusiastic welcome , some asking me to . visit them during the "VYhitsun week ; hut I think , if they are generous , they will allow me ^ tofaike-my holidays Avhen they take theirs . However , I promise very shortly , to he . amongst % m ' once more , to test their sincerity , and to allow ^ iem to test mine .
My friends , no doubt yon will have read the report of the Protectionist meeting , held on Tuesday last , at the Crown and Anchor—the Duke of EiCHMOKD in the chair ; and all the spouters , farmers , in order that the M . P . ' s present—who were numerous—should understand the valour , and the MORAL POWER , by which the auxiliary force proposes to accomplish its object ; and from their speeches you will learn their loyalty , and the amount of yeomanry cavalry they can turn out as LOYAL SUBJECTS , to flabbergast the Queex and her Government . Now , I have often told you , that there was one law for the ricb , and another for the poor ; and if I had been iu the situation of his Grace the Duke
of Richmond , presiding over a Chartist meeting—and if such threats and rebellion were spouted—I should very soon be in limbo . But remember what I told " them in the House of Commons in 1818 : " that their loyalty wonld speedily follow the flight of Protection ;" and I also told them that , " take away tithes from the parsons , and their loyalty would as speedily follow . " The working classes of this country are now becoming too powerful to be resisted by all the other classes unitedly . They cannot longer be tickledor juggled , by granting them ainere fraction of the rights they demand and are entitled
to . They now look for all , as you will discover from the fact of the manufacturing operatives declining Sir Geokge Ghey's qualification of the Ten Hours Bill . For myself , I have always said , and always thought , that tea hours was too long a period even for an adult to work in an unnatural atmosphere ; and , if I Lad my will to-morrow , 1 would level every infernal long chimney to the dust , and place you all upon the Land—in a healthy atmosphere—living under your own vine and your own fig-tree , none daring to make you afraid . And let the factory operatives rest assured that , hott-ever others may yield to the
governmental policy of Sir Geoege Gkey , which is based upon Free Trade support , that , if I stood alone in the House of Commons , I will never forsake the cause of the care-worn mother andlier helpless baby . Can I forget the eyes of those fond and affectionate women , when they welcome me upon the platforaij hugging me with ecstasy , and calling me their father ? Can I forget the countenances of the little children—their cheerful look , which is sure to fade before the frown of tyranny ? No—never ! And if this Ten Hour measure is abandoned by all others , I will stand firm to tbe cause .
My friends , if I can help it , you shall not much longer continue slaves . I have often told you the years of suffering that my father endured for struggling for the emancipation of your order ; and 1 will now conclude this letterwhich I write under excitement—with the termination of my father ' s last letter to Lord Camdex , then Lord-Lieatenant of Ireland , and written from his dungeon , when deprived of the use of his limbs , in 1798 . He says : — Tell them—but hold , spare yourself the pains—we know , what is still better we /« I our degradation . Thanks to tbe God of nature , who works by means inscrutable to human ken ; GrenviHe , Pitt , and Jenkinson , have done wonders—THE ! HAVE SE 4 M . T EEAUSEO OVB FOSD HOPES OF SEELNG THOSE
-Ibises ; wnica , hive bithecto withstood the ineffectual STBCGGLE OF DIVIDED KISGDOHS , PAIL MOSTBATE BEFORE THE MODERATE , BUT KTEEML-iED EEEBTIONS OF CSTTED NATIONS . Tell England to bid farewell to liberty when Ireland is enslaved ; three millions of Irish slaves would rivet Bri tain's chains . Countrymen , whilst asxtssination is bailed by authority , am I doomed to a hostile , on charges , the futility of which I was ready to prove according to law , which was denied rue , —the groundlessness of which I have made clearly appear
to the Executive trittout redress . Uehold me in a loathsome prison , in a cell nine feet square ; » y fortune ruined ; my health impaired ; my constitution shattered ; with enough of all left however to be useful to my country Hear me through , the grate of my gaol : be watchful as wls ; resolute as lions ; gentle as lambs ; persevering as moles ;—be patient , sober , and discreet ; faithful and true to jour engagements—adore your Creator—be ready to die tor jour country—fear a bad character : dread nothing
Let the world bo your Republic ; Ireland your country ; To do good your religion ; Be humane ; BUT , ABOVE ALL—BE TOTTED . Farewell fellow Citizens . 1 set at defiance all the machinations of conspirators ngainstme . Xor , mylord' - is there any terror in your threats , For I am armed so strong in honesty That they pass by me as the idle wind , "Which I respect not * I cannot prevail on myself to conclude this letter in the usual way that one gentleman expresses himself ta another . '
I cannot say I have the least respect for you—nor will I ever be jouv humble servant . I must only subscribe myself , " Bogeb O'Cossob . Prison , Cork , January , 1793 . Need I ask you if any spouting rebel of the present day would write such a letter as that to the tyrant who held his life in his hands ? and will you require a further proof of my inherited devotion to your cause ? Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend , Feahgus O'Consob .
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? Singular Tbaxce . —At the village of Farringden , situated about nine miles from Bristol , on the road to "Wells , a young woman named Ann Cromer , the daughter of a master mason , now lies in a complete state of catalepsy , in which extraordinary translike condition , should she survive till next November she will have been for no less than thirteen years During the whole of this extended period she has not partaken of any solid food , and the vital principle has only been sustained by the mechanical administration of fluids . Although of course reduced to almost a perfect skeleton , her countenance bears a very placid expression . Her respiration is perceptible , her bands warm , and she has some indica-S ^ S ^ ' ^ SS ?™* - ^ " ^ occasion when asked if suffering from
, pain to squeeze the hand of her mother , placed in hers for that purpose a slight pressure , the mother avers , was plainly distinguishable ; and frequently , when suffering from cramp , she has been heard to make slight moans . About sixteen weeks after the commencement of her trance she was seized with lock-jaw , which occasions great difficulty in affording her nourishment . The unfortunate young woman is twenty-five years of age , and has been visited by a great number of medical gentlemen , who , however , hold out no hope 3 of her ultimate recovery . —Times . Mr . Webster having asked what would become of the American nag , if the union were dissolved , iheAmhmt Cabinet solves tbe difficulty by proposing that the Free States should take the " stars and aau \\ $ Siaie States the " stripes . " *
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^ . . ¦ " United you stand , ¦ •" . , ' , ;¦ : Divided you fall . " '•' : ' ¦ : ' . ' ft TO THE CHARTISTS ; ^( Mr Fbiends , —You will naturally uuderstand that I have suffered no small amount of griefand anxiety , from the manner in which the columns of the " Northern Star" have been frequently used , to promote and circulate per . sonal and class antagonism . I feel that justice compels me to furnish you with the reply of Thoma ? Clakk , to the . " attack made upon him in Mr . Harness letter of last week ; Upon hw letters I shall not'make a single - - ' ' ¦ 3 & * I ° ? ¦ ««* ...... :. ' -. fe
comment , while , in compliance with the r < £ quests from numerous parts of the country , . 1 ! beg to assure you that no more antagonism , o personal or party squabbles , shall be circulate through the " Star . " I have made my mini up upon the ; ? 8 ubject , andj- therefore , should any other similar , disputations ^ appear in the columns of the "Northern Star , " you may set me down as a slave and a coward , " fearing ;^ exercise legitimate control over your paper >| and remaining , . p * '"•" ¦ " Your ; faithful and " affectionate FrieriH
: . ; Feabgus 0 ' ConnoeJI # n 9 f neg , jn justice to Mr . Dixqti , to furl nishjou with a letter received from ; a % brkhl man aTHaachester : — " ' Sra ;—It in with that respect to you that becomes one in a humble staUonof life , that 1 would address you and say , that I sincerely lamentthe differences which now exist in our should . be leaders ; but I here confess , that Mr . Ilarnej s conduct is calculated to widen the breach rather than make it up . He ought to know that William Dixon has many friends in Manchester , who consider he has
rendered our cause good service , notwithstanding Harney's attacks ; and I think that unless you hold a tighter hand over him he . will soon ' be . master . A short time ago he took up six columns of the Star in wrangling ; this week four . Now , sir , if . Sir Joshua Walmsley and hii party does not go . as far as we wist , calling . them a ' clique ' and other bad names , will not kring them any sooner . I hope you will see the necessity of keeping your promise , that no moro wrangliDg shall make its appearance in the Star , Tour Friend and well wisher . —
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TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR ; ESQ ., M . P ., Proprietor of the " Northern Star . " Sir , —Some months ago , when I had occasion to notice , through the columns of the " Star , " an unprovoked attack , which one of your servants—Harney—had made upon me , in that journal , you gave the Chartist public a pledge that , from lhat time forward , the paper should be devoted to some more edifying and instructive purpose than tothe personal differences of " leaders , " and that , in future , ndthing of a personal character should be permitted to appear therein . From that time to
the present , however , every single impression of the paper has contained matter from the pen of the same individual , and directed against me . Sometimes I have been attacked openly , and by name , in the answers to the correspendeats—at others by inuendo , in the weekly letter against everybody—always save and except . the few " real veritables . " Resolutions also , about half a dozen , from , pevbaps » double that number of individuals , have , at the same time , been published against me ; I have , from a proud feeling of conscious integrity , and oi inexpressible contempt for my maligners , refrained from noticing either one or the other . 1
In the "Star ' of last Satarday there is one of those transcendently sublime effusions from the masterly genius of Harney , which have tended so much to elevate , at once , the character of the paper , and the taste of its readers ; and which have been so redusdent of profound philosophy , and which have evolved such mighty thoughts , expressed , as they have been , in language such as is rarely to be met with , except , indeed , in that classical locality of the metropolis , where certain velvet-tongued good wives deal in the sale of conquered inhabitants of that region , over which presides the Deity—Neptune .
In this article , I am honoured by additional and special notice , and that , top , with yburooncurrence and consent . The former truce , then , has been ^ by your permission , set aside , and that Hercules of the pen—Harney—has again been amuang himself with dealing what he fancies are terrible blows at the reputation of Mr . Dixon , Mr . M'Grath , and myself . I fear , however , that tbe disease is too deeply rooted in our systems to be eradicated even by the surgical aid of his terrible pen . Had be not better try the scissors ; . I am informed that he is an excellent " paste and scissor man . " Indeed , the " Star" was evidence of his ability in that way when be did the " miscellaneous" for the paper ; and it certainly must have astonished him , when vou raised him from it to
the " stool , " upon which he has since been " sitting . " I ¦ will not stop here to notice the brilliant wit which he has employed against mff-because , were I to point it out , the readers would then observe itbut will pass on the substantial charge which he has preferred against me , of not having forced upon the attention of the Reform Conference the propriety o adopting certain resolutions which the indignant Harney asserts were moved there by G . W . M . . Reynolds . I beard this latter personage read the two first resolutions to the Conference , but I knew nothing of the existence of the third , until I saw it qaoted in Harney ' s three and a half columns o slashing fudge ; of course I except the heading and the poetry , which were , beyond all comparison , grand and harmonious !
I did not interpose , at the Conference , on behalf of tbe resolutions aforesaid . 1 » . —Because , as Harney himself shews , in the fourth paragraph of bis irresistible epistle , tbe President , Sir Joshua Walmsley , in the address with which he opened the proceedings of the Conference , specifically laid it down : — " That the delegates had met , not for the purpose of deciding upon the nature and extent of the ' measures of ParliamentaryReform to be attained , but for the purpose of merely deliberating on practical measures forcarrying outapreviously adopted scheme of representative reform . "
Thus , it will be seen , that by the constitution of tbe Conference , any alteration of tbe fundamental principles of the Association Was ezpresslj provided against , and that resolutions , having such objects in view , could not have been entertained . Besides , to me , it appears that a 3 several thousand of persons , of all classes bad joined the Association upon its present basis , that no organic change could have been effected in its constitution without their consent ; and that any legislation on that question , on the part of the Conference , could have proceeded only on tbe previously expressed decision of the members . I did not support the resolutions
2 nd . —Because I would not be a party to their proposal , for the sake of mere form , or , tbat 1 might employ their non-entertainment by the Conference , as an argument with , which to damage the Association in popular estimation . I was not bound , irom bombastical declarations , made either at Johnstreet , Leicester , or elsewhere , to support these resolutions ; and knowing the impossibility of their adoption in tbe present political disposition of the Association , I would have preferred to have withheld them , rather than to have made their introduction subservient to any factious purpose , or of procuring , at a cheap rate , the character of a flaming patriot ..
The promoters of the Association say that they have adopted as comprehensive a measure of reform as' they possibly could , to have secured for it anything like efficient support from these classes and influences , without whose aid no material reform can be obtained . I fancy that I havo as sincere a desire as any man living , that the Association should adopt the principles of the Charter as the foundation of it ' s plan of operations ; but I am as conscious as I am of of my own existence , that were it do so ,
that it would alienate from it nine-tenths of the support which it now receives , both in Parliament and elsewhere . Soroan whoknows tbe political feeling of the propertied classes of England , can for a moment deny that the change of system , contemplated by the Association , is quite as democratic—as a very considerable body of them are prepared to support , and however desirable it may be such should not be the case , still none can say but that it is so , who a P fjp " . to Rive expressions to tbe prompting i OS truth , and every aay experience , The Assocw-
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oK ' cS ^ fS ^ f ¦ ° P ^ Principles Tviv Tl'l iriie thafc there w ! eroTftiUion 3 of men in SitnfS ! i f * t' >« CharterasSh as hev wonhl 5- edthey ^ QW 8 m ? "tind ; tbat 2 ™ , S ™ some evidence of their sinceriy if , AoS ' hlch ls at thls moment above all other Associations ^ ar excdlcnce-the Asssociation around SSSi ' n- ^ f ra 'l ying . the hosts of men who ; Charter ^ - e latesfc founts , are panting for the ,, i £ L ! r Vr if tnere ar ° millions who are now tfS ^ f S ° f ?^ ° ™ Association because rt does not adopt the creed of-the Charter , how : 8 K hon » 8 nd » ; W » d'ten 8 . of thousands belong at * whl lnt t 0 thls Nationiil Charter Association ? ; wny 8 ii ,- tnere ave . not unon its hnnli « th « num .. «* fMed , ^ ' ,:., , r : rr
ive ««*„ / . ' And ^ rkTlhis isTK SfmPrt -, i « StltU ^ ° ' . th 0 numbers ffhicn I We " S # * w- terc i allomi 1 | £ ^ untry . Then ShK& <* ? impudence and tlio audacity of the $ ^ teffK ^ Proi ™ l Committee " of such | l inv ^ r ; y' . dictating the terms upon igf 2 f ^ Associations aro to / . be : conducted .: EtiS ^ i admu ' able g ^ ce the . " loadors'i- of iSvio ^ l ? * ? " ° - ascend a P tf ° » and . pl tetiwl rav . e in the . name- of those mili ^ i A f , - l"i ? U 8 men ' ^ om thev fave been fjgft than five hundred to join with them & their "National Association . " - ¦ . ^ i ^ gVMtjnetropyis itself- ^ yhich has the adi aifttago of the presencef of-the ' able and talented managers of this movement—has , out of its Donula :
turn ot two .-rod a quarter , millions , contributed less , much less . than two hundred names to the muster roll ot this . " national" army . Am I not warranted then , sir , in stating that this pretence of national ' . power / and of authority to speak in the name of " the masses , " is all boi ? It is a miserable- fraud-a subterfuge so transparent that to be seen through , it needs only to be stated " We are the veritable leaders- of the millions" say these men . I answer , bah ' . . bablers , you are no such thing , and you never will bo so . Two per cent . oi inose
wuom you degrade and insult by your , gratuitous and assumptious representation of them , are at this moment not aware of your existence and are as innocent of acquaintance with your eloquence and patriotism , as I am of your common sense and ordinary discretion . To them you are indeed the " Mysteries of London , " the present edition of which ought to bo bound in palp . 1 have invariably proclaimed , in the teeth of this faction , that ltia not the people , nor tho " masses , " nor the " millions , " nor tho , " nation , " nor any other of the great things which it lias proclaimed itself most especially , is this true of London , as I am prepared to prove . I have already stated that the National Charter Association , does not , at this momentnumber in
, London , with its two-and-aquarter millions of a population , as many as two hundred members ; and that , numerically , in the metropolis it is certainly not the " . masses . " I have , at this moment , before me the balance sheet of the National Charter Association , as audited and passed by the Convention , in 1848 ; and . extending over time , commencing at December 22 nd , 1846 and concluding April 18 th , 1848 ; and duringi that time I find that this mighty metropolis contributed to the general fund of the Association the sum of £ lo ; and that during theaarne period , Manchester alone sent to the same fund : £ 23 9 s . 4 d . I have not the books or balance sheets prior to that date , and containing the accounts of the Association from the time when I was elected to the Executive
Committee , in 1843 , because all the aceount and minute books were handed by mo to Mr . Shirron , of Aberdeen , who was secretary to the famous and valient "National Assembly , " which succeeded tho National Convention , and which I never could succeed in getting from him , or I would be able to show that London has , during the past seven years , stood in a like position , in relation to the General Fund . But there is another , and to you , Sir , personally , an interesting matter connected with these accounts . I havo already shown that " the masses , " in this great wen , paid into the General Fund , in seventeen months , ending ¦ April ISth , 1848 , the sum of £ 13 . By a supplementary balance sheet , which I have before me , and from whioh 1 quote , 1 find that London
mina—wituits population of two-and-a-quarter mil > lions—contributed ; tQ .. the funds of the " National Convention , " which caused such consternation and which was supposed to havo " menaced the fifZ , tllD em P > " at the time , the sum of £ 14 2 s . Sd , !! So that , altogether , London contributed , under the tremendous and convulsive French Revolution—the other great continental revolutions —the unpredicted Irish exejtement — tho intoxicating enthusiasm of tho " National Convention , " ineluding the Demonstration at Kennington-common ; together with the' thirteen months immediately preceding the year . 1848 , the grand total sum of £ 27 2 i . Sd . !!! Was not this a magnificent donation from the great democracy of the richest and most mighty city of the \ miverse ?
nelJ , sir , this same supplementary balance sheet , which carries the account down to the 26 th of April , 1 S 48 , and which includes that of tho 18 th of the same month , and which I have already qoutedthat is to say , it contains tho whole account of the National Charter Association from December 22 nd 1846 , down to the 26 th day of April , 1848 , both dates inclusive ; and comprehending the baiance sheet of the Convention , as well as that of the Association , exhibits an expenditure over the total receipts , and due to the treasurer , of £ 40 Os . 5 s , ! !! Thus the account stands : — London seventeen months , includ- £ s . d . ing Convention , &c , &o . . . . 27 2 8 Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., same time ...... .. 40 0 5 Balance paid by F . O'Connor over that paid by London , with its two and-a-quartev millions of a population . £ 12 17 0 !!! Verily , sir , these " masses" ought to get " another leader . " Some one wh 6 will go for the " Charter and something more !" There is another circumstance in relation to this money account , and the mode of its disbursement , that I must also mention . It is known to you that wo hadjn the Convention certain representatives of huge constituences—so numerous were the constituents of some of them , that upon comparing their statements with the published and authenticated statistics of the population , I discovered that several generations to come were mortgaged to provide the numbers stated , by the gifted and highly imaginative delegates . Two of these representatives —lone of whom , poor iellow . I believe to Imm
been the only honest man of the physical force party)—came to me on tho first week of the Convention , and represented that they were entirely destitute of means , and although they were sent to tho Convention uy one of the largest districts of London , and had tens of thousands of constituents , and all of them were like Bropterre O'Brien , " Up to tho mark ; " yet , I had , sir , on your account , to advance them the sum of Two Pounds as their , constituents , numerous , ardent , and protective : as they were , would not give them a single penny . Theso two pounds entev into the sum of £ 40 5 d . There is , however , an item of £ 17 , which forms no part of the £ 40 5 d ., which was paid by me also for you to some of the most
unprincipled and unscrupulous of the delegates—one of whom—a most courageous platform hero , and also " one of the oldest and ablest advocates of Chartism "—under the influence of a feoling , little akin to courage , on the Saturday morning prbvious to the demonstration at Kennington Common , which took place on Monday , was necessitated to acccompany a friend of mine with whom ho lodged , to an old clothe ' s shop in Tottenham Court-road , to make purchase of i \ pair of unmistakeablo ' s , as like " Bob Acre , " the time drew nigh for action ; his valour ouzzed out , not like Bob ' s , at his fingers end , but vent it certainly did find elsewhere . It has lately been charged against mo , that I am by trade a weaver , —so is my friend the hero of tbe trowsers , the only difference being , that I formerly wove cotton , and the fabric upon which he is employed
is ot another kind . This item of £ 17 , as I lmve said , has nevev before been published ; but at the time I handed to you a list of the receipts , and you , doubtless , have the list at present at command . I ought hero to avoid any misunderstanding ; say , that the Bums which were advanced to the Scotch delegates , by me , for you , were all honourably returned . Now , sir , in the face of these facts , respecting tbe numerical strength of the National Charter Association , at tho present time , how gross must be the assurance required to set it forth as the only " veritable" ' organisation of the " people . ' The . people forsooth ! Five hundred individuals , througn all England and Wales !; at no time since 1842 , has the National Charter Association numbered 2 , 000 paying members to its general fund . Why do I state these facts ? To rejoice at them ? No , air , but that the ' country may be made , aware how fyllw Is the / shani . that
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tho " millions /' the " masses ,. " ' &c ,, would have the Charter ,.. foot for the , " humbug" Keformers , an d ^ . tha- treacherous " CbaVtisfs" who- support them , . ft is'higfrtfrao tbafc all the ' smokeani fume , and sound ,, and' rsat , should , be brought to a termination , and thsSvre slipwl ^ liko sensible '' men , look around us ,, asd ascertaift wffat meaTta 1 we have at our dispw&l to wih the freedom ; of tho grand order of . industry . : If is not tbe ' cnntijig . braggadocio tint we . have heard' abwjfc the brave men' of . distant lands ,, wa . c . ire to near—we want toacliieve . liberty here-Aa Engla&A . and that , too , raour ; own .. day . and generation ; andthe way to do this is ,, nofc .. to draoonbfrproerawivv S 2 ^? 3 ^*^^^ ' ** &HmtlT aiding and heling them forward
p , it i 9 not by ornwS ^ f f ^ ^^^ to . enter . into and break up wfnS ^ ° Natlonal - Chartei < Lea S > 'ton wwi ! Vi m * ? y-9 how « Jg . » our own conduct , what s the liberty we . would give to others . liar- ' ney wishes that . Sir . Joshua VValmsley had been at the National Hall on Wednesday evening last , that he might have seen how I was received tlTero by the " rentable working classes . " I wish all En 4 nd could have witnessed tho scene , ag ifc Would then have shown what the . nation bas ¦ to expect from tho intellect and manners of ' which that meeting was a sample . ILad Sir Joshua been present he would have seen , there , one individual , at least who hurled scornful . de 3 ance at a facWwho interpret ; rights as applicable only-- to thom-? etos . i ^ afe ^ ho , ^ under Jhe guidance of shallovr pafed scribblers , and : bratnfoss bm ' tbrs enact , scenes ,, which . convert a public meeMnir ' nf
Englishmen , into a rival " . Zoological" exhibition . This faction shall not , I promise them , ever trample upon the right of independent action , and of untrammelled thought in my humble person-at least not with impunity . Were I dying , I would expend my last breath upon the defiance of their merciless and savage power . This I would do for their own sakes , as much as for my own as it will indeed be a i sad . day for England , when a faction shall rule where reason alone ought , to preside . They forget that . this is the land in which Shakespeare and Milton . wrote and sung , and that tho air is yet impregnated with their glorious and immortal spirit . No , no , faction ; you ' may , in your ignorance and malice ; malign mo , but for the sake of myself , of yourselves , and of our common liberty , I bid defiance , again , again , to your pincers of persecution , and shall , amidst your stormy yells , still bear uppermost , my . manhood , which you cannot smite down .
Harney has appealed to you , and has told you that you are expected to range yourselves against those whom he taunts you with having proclaimed to . be morally awl politically honest , j , too , have my opinion as to what duty will shortly fall to your part . It cannot be that you will much longer permit an unprincipled demagogue who , from his Philadtjlphian notions of the duty of debtors to creditors , to have been driven from his own class , and who now seeks to make prey of the unfortunate and unflinching working men , who , ia the absence of strong restraining influence , give their confidence to a specious declaimer who , at first sightand for the present—is taken to be a real man of metal , but who , in tho end , they will find' to be
base , and , m fact , nothing better that what he really is— " a bronze statuo . " Sir , I hope that I need hardly remind you , that I would not undertake to advise , or impudently to obtrude myself upon your attention , but I will take the liberty to remind you , tbat I have some right to express to the undoubted headjof the Chartist parly my fears , for what will be the inevitable consequence of the present career of imbecile madness , of what is insolently assumed to be the only authorized Chartist movement ? I say , that I have such a right , from my known attachment to the glorious Charter itself , which I have , poor as "I am , proudly represented on the Hustings , and at the Polling Booth , without disgrace to my friends , and with a success .
second only to your own . I do , therefore , enter my most solemn protest against the exclusive and factious spirit in : which it is sought to enforce the Charter , which is itself an embodyment of broad universal right , arid which recognises the interest of no party but that of the entire people . Withregard to Harney , he has my permission to rant and roar as he pleases , as I am quite suve that any , opinion . expressedjiy . him against roe . wvll never lower me in the estimation of any man whose esteem is afc all valuable ; and , in parting with him , I recommend him to the watchful attention of hi 3 friends , and would simply admonish them to place beyond his reach all dangerous weapons—as , after all , " I think he is more worthy of a strait jacket , than of a verdict of felo da $ e . Respectfully , Thomas Clark .
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GnEBswiCH and Depifobd . —A special nwotin ' g of the commitee , was held at Mr . Sweetlove ' s room , Bridge-street , Greenwich , on Monday evening , May 6 th—Mr . Brewintoh in the chair—when the following resolution was ; unanimously adopted : — " That a meeting bo held on Monday next , May 13 th , at the above house , for the purpose of electing the council for the next three months . " Several cards were taken out , and the meeting adjourned . Bristol . —It is the intention of the Chartists of the city to invito Messrs . O'Connor and Reynolds to a public meeting for the advancement of Chartism . This subject will form tho special business at the meeting on Monday evening next , at-7 , Castle Mill-street . A numerous attendance is looked for .
Calton . —The Chartistsof this place havo adopted and forwarded a memorial for the . liberation ' of ErncstJones , and all other political prisoners . Edinburgh :. —The Chartists of this city , acting on a suggestion fromAberdcen , have resolved to get up an address from the Chartists of Scotland , in favour of a Scottish Conference , to be held in Edinburgh , the IOth of June . Messrs . O'Connor and Reynolds will be invited to attend the Conference . On Friday evening , May 3 rd , Mr . A . Tomlinson lectured in the Land Company ' s Hall . Upwards of thirty cards of membership were taken . Leith . —Mr . Tomlinson has lectured in . this place with great success . Pro visional Committee . —The following address was adopted on Thursday evening , May 2 nd : — HIE PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE KATIOSA 1
CnAUTEU ASSOCIATION 10 THE DEMOCRATS OF THE UNITED RISODON . TRACT FUND . The Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association , deeply impressed with the paramount importance of propagandising those principles advocated in the People ' s Charter—anil in accordance with the expressed wishes conveyed from many largo towns of England—have determined to establish a fund expressly devoted to the distribution of Tracts throughout tho length and breadth of the land . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
It is a lamentable fact ; that great masses of the population are entirely ignorant of the principles laid down in tho Charter ; and , therefore , aro not cognisant of the methods we advise for the attainment of their own rights and privileges . Our enemies' policy has ever been to falsify the doctrines of the Charter and to vilify the motives of those who are struggling to obtain it ; 'their means have been extensive and ample , whilst , as yet , tho resources of the people's leaders have been comparatively insignificant and deficient .
But now , the Provisional Committee of tho National Charter Association are resolved that , should they meet with the country's approval and support in their proposed undertaking , to pouv Tracts , explanatory of the doctrines contained in the Charter , into every city , town , village , hamlet , and , if possible , into every house , cottage , and hut within the British dominions . Thus the poison so liberally and abundantly instilled into tho minds of tho ignorant , by those who , are antagonistic to the people ' s freedom , will at length 1 ) 6 met and rendered harmless by an antidote .
The manufacturing inhabitants of largo tawns have many opportunities of becoming acquainted with the points in that document which we are struggling to make the . law of tho land ; but such is not the case with the agricultural portion of tho community , scattered as it is . over wide tracts of land , isolated and distant from the great multitudes of their . fellow-creatures who aro centralised in cities and towns . The roasoning of tho platform seldom reaches the ear ef the agricultural labourer ; and tho only sentiments he can entertain , aro those instilled into his mind ' by landlords and parsons—a 1
, class of gentry littlequalified to expound political or social freedom to advantage Could Tracts but find their way to the hearth of tho labourer , he would study theiv contents , ponder over their reasoning , and weigh to the utmost of his ability ,, tbb justice of their arguments : so that the inevitable resulfc ' would'be an addition to the ranks of those who , founding their demands upon the oommon sense of Man ,- only ask for auoh privileges as nature intended us all to . enjoy . , /• \ - ; , i Vord . 8 proaovuMsed woa twplatwui Qau » ut
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reaeb the ears of a few ; whilst printed Tmctt * would probably be read by millions . The immense and glorious progress of tho Socialist cause in France is move attributable to the wide circulation of fractelRaniolIie ? enthasiasm displayed at . p . ubliir meetings . The agricultural labourer , after a day * ' of toil , hafc"neither strength or ^ energy ' to attend i distant and perhaps late assqTnbJages ; " but at home , by his own heavth , he cbuld ' iUgost the unanswer « :: i able arguments luoidly explaihedin'the Tracthefore . € him ; ' ' :-. ¦ "¦ . . ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ : ¦ .:.-. , •; ..,:: ¦•• : •' ¦ ¦ . '! ! : \ f . ' ¦¦ . - ¦^ 1 Convinced of the urgent necessity : now eyjstin * - ; ; | p t ° y jj " adoption of ; v speedy , and extensive system , sp $ 01 tliartist pi'Opiigandism , , the- Provisional- Com- " ' : M % mitteo of the National Charter / Association call upon JM % tue JJritish nation for aid in their endeavours to : f ^ $ 8 auneye this great step towards emancipating the ' - V % & work ing classes j hey Jraploro all persons no w en- ' \ w ^ lonKhf n faclllt I ^ studying political roa- ' STtj HM ,, K ' * . > **• force . of circum-7 ^ M stances , ; are debarred all ncquir-emhent of useful . V \ $ si u > n means as will educate the luimMer'elasses of ' ' f \ 'S ^^^ s ^^ Ns nestle reqiUestad . ; • ¦ - ' •• ¦ . . , 1 : ¦ Sub . WjptioB * received at'tho Chaytep ofHoe '¦ * * L .: > ( Signed ); .: ¦ : ' K X \ E . Buvmcm , :. . . G ; -W . M .- Hi&sou > 3 , s 3 vU J . GSbassbt , , . E . Miles ; - \ > A ' . T . Bfcowjf ,. J . . Milne , ,. ; " > rf V * W . DiviESj . Cf . ' JUIarkek . " ' > A ' . . . , > John Aa ^ ii--Secretary . J \
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BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTIT , ^ 3 §| ff | V ¦ Nkw Road , London . ; ' ^^ -V ' - ' . Iteport of Lieutenant John Alnclcinnon , General Ilygciaii ^' IvKa- ' Agent to the British ColioRttof Health , New-road , Loiitlon ; .. ^^; , ;> Capo lireton , March lfith . 1 S 50 . . . tfTfc- ^ A . - ' '
TO MESSHS . M 0 II 130 S . . . ; :. Deau Sirs , —I have the pleasure to communicate to yb « ' % ' that all that my honrt could desire has heen fully nccomplisk ; ji ' < with respect to nry practice as your ngent since I last rev ,. ?; ' ported ; mid it would be tedious , indeed , to give a state-. "' , ' : ' : ^ mentin full of the numerous cases of cure and bendits ''*'* £ derived from the he . ivon-blessed medicines of the British a * Coltoge of Health . /' M : The decided superiority of tho Hygeian system of niedi- Y ' .- ' , cine to all ordinary medical practice has'been recentl y tested in our neighbourhood , the particulars of which I feel ¦ ¦ bound to commuuicate to you . -We have lately heea j - visited with a fatal disease termed by our doctors typhus ! i fever—and the name of the disease appears to be all they - know about it for all tho patients they touk ' in hand wero - ? soon hurried to tho long home . Among others who fell '¦' victims to this dreadful disease was a Ux . Peter KelW , aged ' two Miss
wenty- ; a Mary Musjsnwe , a blooming Young' ' lady of nineteen ; ami , I have proof ttiat tho first doctor . ' employed in this case after administering medicine , and uwterinir and Weeding to excess , declared he had mistaken herdisorderl however , they sooivseut her to' her account ¦ ' among them . Another who submitted hersclt . to the doc- -s tors treatment ,. was a Mrs . M'Kay , n young married . i woman , aged tweuty-ouc , having ouii child . She too , poor young thing , was soon hurried t . b the grave . People now Mgim to-getout of conceit of the-doctors , wid the following individuals placed themselves is , wy hands to be treated , ; with the Hygeian medicines of . itr . Morison ; and under tlio Messing of God the success of jour medicines , gentleirie . , ' lias , in tho whole cf these p : v » s , boon satisfactory in n high >"' : degree , for all my paticnts . fei . ve been thoroughly restored to' j Miss Mary Ann MoftatS ^ vae ago ami related to the dc- ' parted Miss Musgrnve . - John Maidore , twuityfiMar years of age . Mrs . Slalery , twettto' -Uu'c * years of age . . ; . ; .. . ,. r 'I'he Misses Grant , t « o sisters , and many others who . ¦ h » d thn fever liirlitVv . hj takiisg the pills in time ; the namu
of these I have nsl nveutioneil , but tliose , whose names I ; .: send you 1 consW . tr wove on the .-brink of eternity , lut they , . are now perfectW ' recovered , and I hUve every hope , the " disease has n » y vanished . It carried oft" five members'in " - one family war Sidney , and the dostws there neither knew ' the name oStUQ disease or how to ewe it . -. ¦ . : , . ¦ . I shall only add that I rejoice to know that the system ' ' and medicine of the late venerable James Morison ave * firmly established , and that tho honest people who signed ! : ! : ] tho petition to parliament against the use and sale of doci ; tors' poisons are to have their- names recorded ; and I foci pride in the reflection that I have dono my duty in tlio " causo on this side tlio Atlantic , and havo ten children all , thoroughly impressed with the soundness of the Morisoiiian . theory . Should I live' a few days longer I shall be sixty . u five years of age , and , I lmve taken in my time 18 , 925 of your pills ; but d \» !| tig thd past fouv years I hare not taken . U 3 many in tw $ ve months as } formerly , took ia one , nor in ' ' onembtitb jM jnnnyasHovmtvlytookin ' onedny . '•¦' I » , 6 cnft 9 . we » , very rfnpprely yours ,: v ' il&fts Mac&isxqu .
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THE PR ® VB-KfflfA £ . OQMMlTMBS TO \ THE MEMBE 2 ^; 0 . F THil ^^ IOiNAL \ \ , CHAET 3 R . A > aSi 0 ClATr 0 ^ -. ¦ ' ¦ v v Brother DiGMOOEKrs , —As . most-of you ! \ Q . are fully cogaisani oft the past ,. we shalt not" » ' W : attempt to reeapitulafetho chequered scsnes t i ] and tho stormy blnsts-vAich " Ths-. gooD ' 9 id > ¦ J " snip , the . OiLSffiDEn' ' has ehcouhtered ^ ia isH& hitherto boisterous passage—our purpose in : I now addressing jow ,. is to > . call your seripuVatr ' ! ' ! - tentioh to the present position .. an * prpspe&i ^ *' i ? ^ Qftho CKavtisttft § yeid ' enfc . X - ! :- '; *^' . / ^^ f
r Tou are award tha , f the . Tr 6 yisional : G 6 ni- mittee was called . mtoexiatencie ^ . undeiv ' rathep ... peculiar circumstances- ' ( to which we . shalL " not further allude ) oil Wednesday , Febi-iiary ^ , . r 27 th , l 8 o 0 i We moat eheerfully accopted the re- sponsibilities of office , and ; resolved to u 3 eour . ; . { humble abilities , and-utmost energies , ia » ool ^ -.-f lecting the scattered elements of Chartism , /
and , by concentrating them into one oolid •" bond of unity , thereby lay the foundation for * a firm and glorious Democratic superstructure . - ' Thus actuated , we proceeded to develope- as ; vigorous a policy as was practicable , consider- [' . ing the limited period of our term of offifce , ' , aud the means at our disposal . How fai' W 9 " have succeeded to your satisfaction , we will ' leave for you to testify . ' . " ;
As a Provisional Committee , our term- ot ' office expires on Monday , the 27 th ' inst . It .- , ' will consequently be your duty to elect ; aper- ' manent executive to direct the organisation ( from the above date , till May 1851 . We re- " gret to state , that under present- cimun- ' j stances , ib is impossible that the 5 th clause in ' i tho constitution , which says : — " The govern- '» ment of the Association is vested in an Exebu- tive Committee , consisting of five members , ' receiving salaries for their services , " can be '
earned out inconsequence of a want of funds . ' - Thus circumstanced , it is for you , brother ' Chartists , to determine-whether you will con- ! tinue the appointment of an unpaid Conimit- " tee , or permit tlio organisation thus far accom-. r plished to fall to pieces , as will be the case" ' if an attempt is made at present to carry out' - the letter of . the 5 th clause . We call on ; you 'J to decide , and to send such decisions tothe ) Secretary , on , or before Wednesday , the j 22 nd inst .
At the expiration of our tenure of office ,: a : balance sheet of the receipts aud expenditure i during that time , will he submitted to the i members . ' In relation to our future prospects , wo may' i observe ,-that while we are of opinion that r veritable Democracy never'held so high a po-: sition as at present , we are confident , " thai ; 'b y ^ pursuing a discreet , but energetic course , and " by keeping the . Chartist body intact . as tlio' 5 great army of progression , we cannotfairtojT advance , having political emancipation and f 0 rights as the great object in view , impressing-.- . -, all tho mind and intelligence ire possibi ) vean , jj into our ranks ; and combining therewith , ^
energy , determination , and unity of action ,- , <;! ¦ we are confident that victory will , ere long , rf crown our endeavours . t . % lit-- ^ r •" In conclusion , divisions we repudiate ^ nd ^~* U& § condemn ; bickerings , and potty jealoasiesj ^^ iS ^ with their withering influences , we deplor o ^ l ^ pi ^ those who malign uswepitty , and . advisetsMpt ? i become better men . ; to leadership we \ W ' jig $ ^ $ $ aspire ; the charge of conspiracy wo emghati ^ lli ^ l cally deny , * and with all sincere and "hbhesM ^ tp 3 | reformers we will most cheerfull y co-bperateMlP ^ ' ^ Trusting that our Chartist brethren will forth ^| $ i ^ with respond to theso few words ,. and thereb y ||| # ^ p secure the continued working of the new p lanjsf ^^ t ^ of organisation , . . : . ^ ; , _ .. , V ^| f | 0 We are , Brother Democrats , •; . ¦ > - ' l ' j 0 ^ M Your Faithful and Willing Servants , nifp ! $ pfi Thomas Brown , William Davies ,: Jjuhe 3 ^^^ i ^ Grassby , Gr . Julian Harney , Edward «|^ ii # l Miles , John Milne , Edmumd Stallwoodr 4 i ^ PS |^ G . W . M . Reynolds , Treasurer , ^ 'flilp JohnArnot , Secretary . ' Wt ^ 0 s 0 U , Southampton-street , Strand . : i 4 W 00 May Otli , 1850 . 'W ^ Ki N . B . —Only paid up memijova are elig iblof ^ ftl ^ to be elected , and only such can vote in the ^ fl ^ election . . l ^?«^ i& — . . WvSi ® * The fullon-ing was received by Hie secretary this morn . '?^ £ & # fe ' in :- ' . X-SMZi * 20 , Leaper-strcet , Derby . ^ j ^ V ^ ¦ ' * ; ' May 8 th , 1850 . , imi ^ i-Dear Sib , —Some of our members object joining becaus * " * ' ! : " : ;'' ' . ( they say ) they have had' information from certain parties , '» v ^ :. Hv ' in London , that the l ' rovisional Committee are secretlj -i 0-v - ' . ¦ : conspiring to overthrow Mr . O'Connor . I should liko yo 3 > Wi- ^ - ¦ - ' ' to deny this ( if untvnt' ) -through the Star aMLlttjjtmjms&-V ' " ¦ ' : Weekly Newsiuipcr of Saturday next . ' "" '' ¦" '" ^ i . tWa ^ f'S : ¦ .: '¦ ¦ ¦ : . "¦¦ Mr . John Arnott . . W . L . : i ? Ara& Tpp ^ v ¦; ¦¦'
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" Therois one lawfsrtiu rich and another law for the BOOT . " . - .- - .... "laere isgreatetaangrf to the peasant that shoots the moire ' s har ^ than to tla squit * * io shoois the peasant's he * i 2 ~ - .:: . . .. - . ; ¦ - •¦; ::.. ; " — -: - " " ""
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' ' If" " / * ? / *^ ! 2 » ^ ~ *~* ~~~~ * * /? tftw ' . •"' . 'fy . fyi ^ *^ " ^^ ' AND NATBfc-fcjiilSTllifMf "WS :
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' «« E « T wili X ^ jMJ . iW .- LOHDON , SATDilflBlso : ™«« f »« b .. " ¦ gLZ ^ ilffisft *' - ' y * "Vj » ^ jgiyy . ; . Fire AbiUlB ^ nud § lxpcuco per ( fcniiriiv t 8 ft = ^~~~^^~ ' : '' : ' ' V-
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 11, 1850, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1573/page/1/
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