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1 »¦¦ i ¦ . . ^ ^—: ^ CtWttfet Smtiltfience. ^. ^_^-^ _
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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1 ; T 0 T&E WORKING CLASSES . ' 3 Ir Fbiksds , —I have foequently ; t » H you that the Land in it * present state , compared Jo thestateitmaybebrtmglit / to ; was precisely whatraw flax ib to" csttnb ^ c ^ hen maTraiactared from it ; radr-rftbongliCTeCT class mthe
kingdom were oppb sea : ^^;^^™"' -as I haTeMu&ym ^«?^ fe eye 8 mdd one day be i ^™ & # tP&i J % tbeir folly . I told &em th ^ t « ; k ? owledge Wd pigress ns population ^ jpoor r ^ [ bcreas ^ . I ^ perfectly ^ ar ^ h ^^ roulA r .-qaire no short time , and that ifcwould insure for me no small amount of antagonism , to enlighten the people upon a subject which was calculated to make them independent ; of tyrants , and to transform them from slaves to
freemen . r It is a very general practice to reprobate any svslern propounded by the . friend of the people , ' whereas , if the 6 ame system is propounded by a person who takes no interest ia politics , it may be lauded ; and , in order to pro ^ e to the reader that "The folly of to day may be the wisdom of the morrow , ? and , that however a popular man inay be reviled for promoting popular principles ,. ! wili call the attention " of the reader to the following able and irrefutable letter , of the celebrated and intellectual Har-EiETMAETisKAt ; , which appeared iii the Leader newspaper of last week , and upon which the editor of that newspaper wrote a" very able article .
. My friends , in her letter you will find the repetition of what I have written and spoken ' thousands of times , and , as 1 have frequently told yira , the ardaoos duty of clearing away rubbish and di gging the foundation , ' ^ li-Tolves upou labourers , before the architect tan erect a house , I have been oneofHjutHiEX Maetineab ' s labourers , and'IWS'tiftifshe uiil turn out to be the architect t » < r « ct edifices for the poor upon their own laud . « . of
1 do not know whether the ji ^ msalher letter will give yon any pleasure , while it gives me a vast amount of joy , and tor this reason , because you may rely upon it , that parties ¦ who will nut read my -works will criticall y peruse the works of that celebrated authoress ; and furthermore , because you way rely npoi it , that contend against what opposition I may , I will carry out the Land sclu-uie , until I see it become the national system whereby your order will cease to be slaves , uud because I feel convinced , that ere long , I shall have the whole of the working class population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland asissting me in contending f « r the principle .
Now reader , here is the letter of llABUIET JIaktiheau , and let me implore of you to peruse it with attention . Here it i » . Sib , —I observe in the Leader for August 10 th a remark which induces nu < to write you this letter . After giving some extracts from an account which I furnished ( by desire of au assistant poor law commissioner ) of a small experiment in farming my little fields , you say you trust I shall see its connexion with several questions in political economy which require elucidation . This makes me suppose that you would like to have my profession of faith on one or two points which are more freely discussed in your paper than I see them elsewhere . Whatever I think oil these
subjects may be found avowed somewhere or other in my published writings ; but though I have nothing new to tell in regard to my convictions , it may possibly be useful to speak them plainly and concisely , in answer to the sort of appeal which you have made to me . In a work of mine , " published in 1837 , called ** Society in America , " there is a chapter ent itled " Property . " In that chapter ( if I remember rightl y * and I have not the book at bond ) I declared my conviction that the institution of property was necessary , and therefore , venerable in its own time and place , is
destined , like most , or all , institutions , to be superseded ; that it was in so many directions wearing oat ; that it was clear that the time was come for it to be brought into question , and for experiments to be made by select companies of enlightened persons to dispense with it ,-and to try the co-operative principle , after finding how unsatisfactory was the working of the competitive . In giving an account of such communities as I had visited in America , I declared the fact that , economically , they had all answered well ; that the societies were rich ; and that , though the members were not
enlightened and happy , the failure was not attributable to their asssciativo principle , but in every case to the imposition of dogmas , and the palpable violation of some of the . most indisputable laws of nature . If such was my view thirteen years ago , when it was scarcely possible to avow such convictions without being sent to Coventry , I need hardly say how strongly I feel on the matter now , when every year has been opening the subject more and more widely , and associative institutions are springing up everywhere , and their members are studied in all their acts with almost as
much interest as dread . My view of this change , and of the extension of the associative principle , may be found recorded at p . 567 , vol . i . of my " History of the Thirty Years' Peace , " apropos of London club-houses . During all these years I have never shared tlie popular dread of " Socialism " ( as it was called ) as of a social earthquake , which was to overthrow everything most stable and most valuable . I have always felt that changes in the fundamental constitution of societv can arise onlv out of the ripened ¦
will of society . While this will is ripening , under the li ght andVarmth of conviction , the transition is sure to be made safe by the trial of the requisite number of experiments , by companies who are , ov believe themselves ready to begin . The more such the better , provided only that the experiments are beeun and carried on in a spirit of earnestness and patience , and by men and women who know what they are about . The matter is too serious for , not only levity , but for either intellectual or moral hastiness . Ail being deliberatel y , and conscientiously and dispassionately done , the more experiments of life in association the better .
I expect little at present from associations which have not an agricultural basis . I menu from such associations as exclude the employing capitalist . The common shop , the common kitchen , tie common supply of light , warmth , \ tater , &c , may , no doubt t > e made to answer well everywhere . But ¦ ff hen it comes to Tailors' Associations and the like , 1 do not see how , considering the state of society outside , they can at present succeed for all the purposes required of them . I do not see how the best workmen are to lie retained . It is possible that continuity of employment may compensate to all but the best workmen for sotse reduction of
receipts ; but the Tery best , who can always command employment , are not to be expected , and ought not to be asked , to sacrifice so many shillings a week to their association with inferior workmen . This is a matter which will presently indicate itself . If we Keep our minds open to learn , we Bhall certainly soon fee taught ; and the more instructive experiments the better . My own strongest hope for the improvement of our social condition is in the directing of intelligence full upon the cultivation of the soil . We S ??™ tt e ? "telh S en <* first , orthemeredivision or tenure of the soil can do us no good . We mav ^ smaUholdmgs
^^ r ^^^^ P . and be no better off , unless EcienceTndTenVeTe brought to bear m the process of cultivation I have seen the noble works of the late LordSster in Norfolk , where thousands of humanSfh ™ been called into existence , and are HYrag in comfort and intelligence under the system of fl » Ln *« ri farming to be seen in England ; . niuKwSS * T ^ secn the ^^ state of savagervIn which fcbouros are living on other large proSis where the game js more considered fhu CC inhabitants . I have seen in foreign countries ii . rt £ ? 2 ? ™^ ^ . ™ * m- fauuuVZ iieiiviu lauueu
g uu auMu properties of their own or under a wise landlord , provided they were edu cated enough to make the best use of their means and again , no one need go further than the district in which I live to see that the possession of land is not enough to make men happy , or moderately easv in their circumstances . The " statesmen" Of Westmoreland and Cumberland have everything * hich , according to theory , ought to Buffice to outward welfare . But they nave ( too many of them ) wiles behind the intelligence of the time . Their
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slovenly— - ways are wasteful Their sons go off to the towns , while the wad cries out for more labour ; tho sou becomes « ° »« 8 ted ; the owner becomes disheartened ^ ana tails , back iru his afiairs ; . His . land'is ' mortgagildand . , too . often he takes to drinkiDg . After a struggle pf a few years , more or less , the land falls '" to tke mortgagee , the family sinks down into some menial position , and sees itadld possession in new bands . If the new owners bring more intelli gence to bear upon the land , no one can complain of the change ; and people tell one another that they ought not ; to be sorry . . Yet who . can witnesBiihe spectacle , and not be sorry ? .: •• - ; •¦ . . ¦¦ ^ -rijx > - \ , . .-:- ¦ . . . !' Notwithstanding att ; tnat , I have , seen of tlie failure of farming , large and smallj I am as ltiueb _
convinced asevertha ? ui the . landwe possess the original means of external weH-biSing for the whole of society , lam persuaded that ; if science and ; intelligence ' were brought- to bear On the cultivation of the soil in our own ? island ,- there . would be found not ene superfluous pair of hands—not one . mouth that might not be easily fed . 3 Tho great interest at present , ofjthe question about the tenure of land lies in tJieother ^ joestion-rwlialt tenure is'iiiost lively to promote th ^ direction of science , and sense towards the cultivation of the soil . ' The state " of things among us , though . improving , seems to' me at present so badtfiijUi'Tshould be disposed' to postpone everything : else ' ' tothe consideration : of how agricultural science and method can beknost radically ¦
and . extensively improved . \ ieiha ^ great landowners- i , hmkuig % of-.. everything , 809 > ier ithau ,. adjusting their rents , abbiishfng their game , and selecting their tenants by their personal qualifications for tbeir business . We see the farmers half-educated , or less , sinking their capital in unprofitable iiethoda or scandalous waste , and crying out for protection instead of demanding an adjustment of rents and of the condition of farmiug . And , if we look at such small portions ot land as are held by humble owners , we see the exhausted field , the foul , coarse pasture , the dank , mischievous hedge , the filtUy pig , the « o « out in the rain , or maddened by the heat and the flies ; in short , all the blemishes aud miseries of
mismanagement . Happily , we see also a Mechi and n Buxtable here and there rising up to teach us better things . With the spectacle before us of what the * can do , and the knowledge that , at present , in the most cultivated districts of England , the labour employed is , on the average , only one man to four acres of arable land ( excluding thepasture and woodland , which employ scarcely any at all ) , we may , 1 think , conclude that a wide and cheerful prospect opens before us cf subsisteLce and comfort for the people , if only we can secure the intelligence needful to ednce the good frem the material . The grand question is , how this may best be done . I do not think it can be done , nor much aided , by establishing a small proprietary , if we Could have SUoh a
thing to-morrow I suppose the strongest argument on behalf of a small proprietary is , that that order of persona is found to be the most careful yet known on that most important point of social duty , proportioning numbers to the means of subsistence . With such , the laws of nature appear to operate to this enJ ; ( and there is so use attempting to contravene such laws by cither preaching or enactment . ) It seema to be natural to such to wait till comfort can attend » he state of marriage and parentage , and to shrink from dooming their children to a condition of poverty which they could not themselves eudure . I suppose , too , that the strongest objection to associative projects is , that prudence would be discouraged and selfishness of every kind invited and fostered . The difficulty in regard to numbers appears to me to be pressing under every system , and on every supposition whieh we are yet qualified to make . The most careful peasant proprietor cannot
offer Ins children ( at most to onh one or two of them , ) a support out of his land when he is gone , and the rest , with tlii-ir families , must draw their subsistence from some other source . What we hnve to hope i > , that science and moral cultivation will keep pace with the need . What we know is , that the social system which best encourages the growth and enlightenment of the understanding and the conscience is that which will best meet the lifficolty -which seen < & to pervade all . It may be fairly asked whether , in this relation , any system can be much worse than that under which-we are living ; that under which the prudent , and intelligent , ano virtuous man ( farmer , manufacturer , or tradesman ) cannot enter upon domestic life before tive-nnd forty , because pauperised , and ignorant , and hopeless boys aud girls are marrying by hundreds at eighteen . Under such a system where is the encouragement to the wise of this generation 1 Ana what is the prospect for the next ?
Very small and humble as is my farming experiment , you may , perhaps , see that it has some importance in niy eyes . It began in thoughts of household convenience , but it soon showed itself under a better aspect . It is proceeding well ; and I could tell to any who wish it , of some enlargement as well as good success . It is as absolute , creation of the subsistence ef two persons . If I could tell what a revolution it 1 ms wrought in the lives of those two persons , many might bo induced to put a hand to a similar experiment . Theu there is the
example to a neighbourhood which much needs it . At first I was asked by one and another , what on earth I could find for the man to do ; and was told how one man was not hard-worked with tho care of three horses , a carriage , u large garden , a kitchen-garden , and ei ght or nine acres of land ( pasture ) besides ; aud again , how thirty acre 3 with ten cows on them , would hardly employ one man , and so on . It seems not unreasonable to hope that a few may be awakened to some sense of the value of land by teliine vhat comes out of my little field .
If further information is desired , I -hall be happy to furnish it ; and if we fail at last , I shall , of course , report the fact . I am , Sir , yours , < fcc , Harriet Mahtikeau . Bolton , near Skipton , August 15 ih , 1850 . And now reader , I shall not make a comment upon the above letter , and ahall conclude by subscribing myself as Your Faithful Friend , And a strict adherer to the only principle that can elevate your order , Feargcs O'Connob . ^ ^
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French people are , that Democracy would soonbecome the bttsi # of the English Government ? V ; The President has now returned to Paris , arid in no short time you will see the result "f ; lii 8 reception iu the provinces . / You will see France divided into SociiilistS , Commun \ sts . Republicans , Legitimatists , Bonapartists , and God only knows what , aud then your English rulers will discover , that they can no loifgerVbase their tyranny upon their » llianra . ' . with tho "Special Constable" . of 1
KENNNGTON COMMON . t ® Old Guurds , I have often told you , that English ityranny is ba 6 ed upon popular di £ union and foreign alliance . Russia , now the most powerful suite in Europe , entertains a deadly hostility to England , and the Russian bear haB « -t his wits to Wi . rk to see how he could establish such an alliance withi the " Special Constable " as woutd enable France nud Russia-to-e ' staftish tyrannyjjjid despotism all over ; Europe ! . «» SLASHING ' HARRY" has told you that" England was bir . mVd" in a recognisance of EIGHT HUNDRED MILLIONS
toJieep the p * ace ; and 1 tell you , that no people upon the face of the earth ev « r entertained greater hpstil } ty : . to anothor people tlvtiir the ^ feil ' ch do to thVKiiglish . They have not forgotten Waterloo , and thfy never will forget it And it is because the power of the English Minister has ever been based upon the h pe of foreign alliance , that 1 now write to you , in the hope of preparing you to meet the coming struggle . In Frauci \ they will meet it with the sword and the mu = ket , and the thunder of the cannon . In England you can meet it with the thunder of tin ; mind
Old Guards , on Sunday next I will meet the men of Leicestershire at Mountsorrell , iu compauy with your lately emancipated victim Ernest Jones ; « tnd on Monday , the following day , I wiil meet my constituents in the market-place of Nottingham , where , no doubt , they remember lor several years we have had a good many struggles . . In conclusion , lt , t me implore of ALL who now profess a love for liberty , and who are anxious to elevate the condition of the working classes , to unite firmly in the cuusi < of freedom to destroy that antagonism which exists amongst their own order , and to present such a firm front to the united tyrants , as will bring them to thuir senses . Old Guards— '' United you stand , Divided you fall . " Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend , Fearqus O'Conkok .
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ADDRESS FROM THE ALLOTTEES AT O ' CONNORVILLE . to feargus oconnok , esq ., m . p . Respected Sik , It is with mingled feelings of pity and indignation that we have heard of the conduct of some of the allottees on the other estates , who , not content with refusing to pay their rent , have basely vilified the character , and impugned the motives of one whose constant endeavour for years has been to elevate the condition of the working classes , socially , morally , and politically . " We beg to assure
you , that the allottees at O'Conuorvillehave no sympathy with such conduct , but are aware of the difficulties which the government have thrown in theVay of the legalisation of the Laud Plan , as well as the opposition you have had to encounter from the peoplo ' B enemies ; and , therefore , we feel that our course is ^ plain , and , that instead of thwarting your efforts , we should render you all the assistance in our power . Wo most cheerfully acknowledge you as our landlord , in trust for our brother shareholders ; and , while thauking you for the leniency already shown us , beg to repeat our intention of paving the rent now
due as soon as ever our circumstances will permit . Honoured sir , we are not afraid to pay our rent to you , for the majority of the residents on this estate ( purchasers as . well as balloted members ) joined the Company before registration was talked of , in full reliance on your honour and integrity . That confidence hasnofcbeeu misplaced , and we will not withdraw it to please cither the lordly aristocrat , the purse-proud capitalist , the grasping middleman , the pettifoging lawyer , orwe grieve toraud—the ungrateful of our own order who have been led astray by interested parties ' But , while thus gratefully acknowled ging our oMU gatious to you for past favours , we would tsiko r , hn
opportunity of informing you of our wishes for the future . In the winding up of the Laud Company , common justice says , " That those who have been devoting tbeir wliola energies to improve the property of the shareholders should not lose tho fruits of their exertions . " There appear but two ways of . preventing that-either by a money compensation , or the granting of leases to the occu pants . We beg to inform you , that such is our conhdeuco m the ultimate success of the Plan that we are unanimous in stating that we would prefer haviug the allotments secured to us , at an equitable rent , to any peuuiiisu-y compensation however large We , therefore , trust , that you will insert a clause in the Bill to effect that object When speaking of au equitable rent we would
remind you , that in consequence of this being the first experiment , the expenditure was necessarily greater than ou ttus other estates . When you take into consideration the depreciation in the price of our produce , we think you will allow that three per cent , on the outlay will be as much rent as wo can pay , and at the same time would do justice to our unlocated brethren . Finally , sir , should the estates be sold , wo trust that you will purchase this , as we wish to retain you as landlord ; we should regret , after calling this estate by your own name , in honour of tho princi ples you advocate , for it to fall into the bands of our enemies Hoping you will comply with our wishes , and live long as our landlord , in the enjoyment of health and happiness We remain , Dear Sir ,
With sentiments of gratitude and respect , Your faithful and devoted friends , Henry Ratcliffe , G . W . Wheeler , Joseph Wheeler , Samuel Sewsome , William Kemplay , Thomas Merrick , Martin Griffiths , son ., Martin Griffiths , jun ., Samuel Cole , Wielnicl FiizsiuuvKms , John L ; imbourne , James Parris , Robert Smith , John Sturgeon , John Uradford , Philip Ford , George JNewsome , William House , Thomaa Bwley , John Gilbon , Richard Avison , George Pocock , S . Blakebrough , Thomas Mead , T . Heaton , William DimmocU , William Gambell , William floiire , J . R . Betts , Joseph White , Edward Barber , James Linden ; Robert Smith , secretary .
In reply to the above , I beg to thank the first located members of the Compauy for their integrity , and I onl y wish that the occupants upon the other estates had acted as honestly . With regard to leases , I beg to inform my friends that every man who pays up his rent upon any of the estates shall receive his lease according to the ruleB of the society ; and when that is done—whether the estates ai'e sold or not—the occupants will be tenants to the
purchaser , who cannot oust them . And I ateo bfig to inform all who have received Aid Money , and have given promissory noteB for payment of the amount—and for which amount two parties have become security—I beg to inform those parties that the aeveral notes , amounting to between seven aud eight hundred pounds ; have been handed over to Mr . Roberts , with my instruction to proceed instantaneously for the recovery of the game , and I beg to inform them that the legal expenses . wiliiiot be insignificant . ' Feabous O'Coknob .
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Mb . Bezer ' s Touii in the Nome . —On Mon day evening , August 19 th , Mr . Bezer lectured in the New Hall , Northampton , on 1 ohtical persecution and its consequences . " At the conclusion of the lecture , sevoi ' bA Democratic songs were sung , , and three cheers were given for all the Democratic journals . On luesd ay , Mr . Bezer lectured at Leicester , and delivered a Becond lecture in the Marketplace at
night . Upwards of , a thousand persona were present , and several Hew members were afterwards enrolled . On Thm-aday , Mr . Bezer lectured ut Loughborough ; and on SunUay at bherwpod Forest , Nottingham , when , notwithstanding the inclemency of the' weather , several hundred persons were present . Mr . Bezer delivered a second lecture iu the evening at an indoor meeting ; . lectured at Sutton-in-Ashfield the following day ; and on Tuesday at Arnold .
. Noitwicn .: —S ome of the loading Democrats met on Saturday .. evening , last at the Light Horseman , Stump . Cross , and with thefassistauce . oftwoirieudsfromiYfttmouthj succeeded in forming a branch of the Association . -Mr . ' S . Goat was called to the chair , au < i explained ihe object of the meeting , which was , ' that some ylan should be deviaed to effect a union of all shades ' of reformers . A resolution was passed to admit all persons as members who recognised the Peoplo ' B Charter as a necessary , iustrument wherewith to work their redemption . Several members were enrolled , and subscriptions paid , and after some excellent speeches the meeting adjourned to Saturday night . ,.
The Exkcutivb Committee met at . the Charter offiue , 14 , Southampton-street , Strand , on Wodties-
nre brethren ; " " The earth is the common property "fall the people ; " " The People ' s Charter ; " " The labourer should enjoy the full fruits of his industry ; " tho spirit of whieh was assented to by the Executive . It was understood , that whatever propositions might be assented to by the Conferenueof the several localities , would be submitted to the several societies in their various localities , for their reception or rejection . It was suggested that the following woulu be an excellent name for the proposed unitpil localities : — " The Natunml Democratic Association of Chartists and Social Reformers . " The Secretary submitted an address to the country on the necessity and possibility of returning somt Mxty members" to parliament at the next General Election , which was referred . back io ihc sub-cominitteo ( Messrs . Reynold :- and Avuuti ) toi * revision , and tho Executive adjourned until Wednesday next , September 4 ih . ' ^ . v-
. Metropolitan Dklkoate CouN < jii , jrA full mooting of < loleg ;« es assembled at the " . Ciiartist Hal ) , 26 , Golden-lane , Barbican , on Sunday afternoon , August 25 th , Mr . Siallwood in the chair . The -minutes having been confirmed , the visit of our country friends was cunsidered . Mr . G . J . Look hart ' s second letter having been voa . il , it was resolved , on the motion of Messrs ' . W . A . Fletcher and G . J . BvUok : — " That the delegates meet in this place at half past two for three precisely , on Sunday- afternoon nest , September the 1 st , to receive Messrs . Hamilton and Lockhart , and that .-v public meeting be held in the hall at half pasUuveu o ' clock in the evening of that day , for the purpose ot furnishing to Messrs . Hamilton and Lorkliart . . hu opportunity
of addressing their democratic bretheren of tho metropolis . " The "fortni ghtl y Tract \—E ; ioh deleeato having reported on tins .-. uuject , and a sale of a sufficient number having been guaranteed , on the motion of Mwsara . W . A . Fletcher and Wilkin , it was resolved- . — "That the first tract be issued on tho cigth day of September : "— " That a sub-committce of three be appointed to manage the same . " The election then took ulace , swd ultimately fell on Messrs . W . A . Fletcher , G . J . Briseli and Aleco . On the motion o * ' Messrs . Brisck and Jeffrey ; it was resolved : — " That the lixuutive be requested to grant the use of its room one night in the week for the use of the suu-coiuuiiuee . " On the utouon of Messrs . Vicars and John . su . ne , " That .-ill
cixnuiunications for the . 'Tract , ' such as notlcos of toi'lhcoming Chartist meeting .-, wlwUiuv locality or public meetings be forwarded to Mr . W . A . Fletcher , at , ' 1 C , Little Povtland-sireet , Regent-street , on or before Wednesday , Sept-mbcr the 4 th . Public Meeting at the Citv IluU . — 'Vlia secretary reported , that he had sent out invuiiiiuiih to speakers tbi' the 9 th of Septemiier , and thai Messrs . Haniuy and others had promised to aiiemi . On the inouon of Messrs . Brisck » nd W . A . Hlntchor , it was resolved unanimously" That heinelorvh nous but bona fide members of the National Charter Association shall be eligible to set ; is members of tins council . " A vote of thanks was then given to the chairman , and the council adjourned until Sunday afternoon , September 1 st .
BmoiiTOM . —At a dintier given in honour of Mr . Ernest Jones on Wednesday , Augast 21 st , and which that gentleman attended , the following sentiments were ' received wiiti the greatest enthusiasum : — " The people , ihe only source of all political power" " Ernest Jones Esq ., the talented advocate of tho peoplt- , and may he live to triumph over all his enemies , and ultimately , assisted by other advocates of the people ' s rights , succeed in establishing those yrincii < tos fov which he has struggled and suffered . " " The union of the Denocrats of Great Britain and Ireland . May their united energies obtain for them the freedom of both poolpes . " Mr . Jones ' iinde an able and argumentative speech ; he strongly recommended union as the surest mode to obtain Hie People ' s Charter , and was loudly and justly applauded throughout . A numerous and respectable bod v of friends assembled on tho occasion .
Souo Locality , Tempeiuscb IIaia , Little Dban Street . —On Saturday week , Ah-. Walter Cooper delivered an interesting lecture , to a delighted audience , on the life and ' writings of Sir Walter Scott ; and on Saturriiiy eveilinir last , AUfT 24 th , Mr . R Stalhroed delivered an address on the ire , character and writings of Thomas Paine reuting tho slanders and falsehoods so injuriously heaped on the memory of that Public Instructor and showed the beneficial tendency of political principles put forward bj > the author of " Common Si "" W momli 8 i "g » humanising , devotional tendency of his address » To the philanthropist , " and pointed out the purposes , to which thos ,, n .. i ,,
cip es should be directed , namely , to ameliorate the hocial condition of the people . Mr . Stallwood sat uown loudly applauded . A vote ot thanks wns given to the lecturer , and the meeting terminated . ; uobion . —On Sunday a meeting of tho Old SSwoS ^ ^ r ^ . -t tho house of SL ' J ^ ; , ^ - ^ seph Oawdra was elected traasnrerfor the locality ; six ' shillings was paid for Z * i , a « four 8 h i llln £ s illld ''" 'eepence collected mnnS J ^ *« " >«» . Kenolutious-were unanimously adopted , to avail ourselves ot every opportumty to enforce the six points of the Charter on tne attention of tho people . A vote of confidence in , and acknowledgement of Mr . O'Connor ' s serving
M . ? n ? w * he bein fc ' tk' ° » ly honest leader of the P a f ii We OT 0 'de termined to stick by his advice ana follow Ins guidance , as we are convinced , from long experience , ol the soundness of his teachings , lhe meeting adjourned to Sunday ( to inorrow ) . forenoon . Sjibfpiei . d . —An animated meeting of members was . held on Sunday evening , in tho Democratic iemperauce Hotel , 33 , Queen-street , to discuss tho beat means of raising a Chartist hall , and likewise lor the better carrying the war into the enemy ' s
camp , in which Messrs . Wallace , Robinson , Cavili , Hague and Ash took pan . On tho motion ot Messrs . Wallace and Whaley , the meeting was adjourned lor a week .
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Fam . of the BRicKLATrens Arms RmtfAYj Station—At the inquest held by Mr . "W . Carter , ' on *™» y , the jury returned a verdict of "Accidental Death .
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WESTaiINSTEH A ^' pi ^ lTooT A public meeting , to consider tho host ' means of obtaining ti « - j ... luh-. il ami * oi" ; d rights of tttt < whole people , v : ; i . <> ' !< l in tlioVTemp ' i'riiiiPo ' . iliill , Bi'Oa'dway . on . Mmiday ovpniiifv , August the 26 ili ' , Boxes , pit , giUli-iy , pl ; i | . i ( ivin , » i » i the sever .- i ! » pl pi'oaches to tliv Ji . 'll were must < u-iis < -l > wowiIim ) . Mr . D . WaI . Pmbd , wlin was unlied'ro . the eh .-iir . read a levt « r friim Mr . Kevnol < ls , n | ior > ii ! isiii < r for i ( iiaenceon the jri-oiui'l of ln . > wifeV . s <; vi-ie iiii | i >|)( i . -ition . llo U'UsUnl lh « V *» 'Wjc , \ VO « ld atU' . lltl lliO ( 'tiii »> like this instead ol tiic . ini ; i laces , and when tilt minister mw them looking nl ' te , r their own afl ' aiis , liO would be n . M . ly j .- exclaim- — ' " Tin ; ilay of tyrannv is done , ¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦ And gone ' s the U ' i «« of wi-tmR . " The chairman ' , delivered a uwllini-riieii c ; tstiir ; iti <» ti to the Whigs for iheir iiaek'lirfina-N in . the ( Jiiiice of reform , ana ; eulUgised the pauiotiMii » iu ! virtues of John Pussell , which im > . liaileil witli th « Idllili'St a ( iplause . . . Mr . . D . 'W . . RuFPv nmyed thp (( illowing . resolution : — " That the land lieing the pritpmr of tlttwhole people , it is neoesnai . v that u ' iiiver *; ' il reint-Hentation , ' in a <; e ( ird .. iice wiih the principles of the People's Cliaiter , * . lmulii * pn-vml , in order to seeuhto the people the full beneiit of such rjght " Mr Ituffy said , . if lbe . princi | ile . '; put . forth iuthat r « M > - lution were well undei'sttimliiy , the people HL . Iarjje ^ y ^ PRil ^ ' fi » d tlie mi ' . Mis ol po » 8 . .-sihk ilwnu Iiaw . hiakM contended tUat the people bad no ? ' £ ? & #£ \ . f ^ h'MutjMV <; ti <<> people notoiily wi iMMhbAlkilSVubey ¦> 'ii ! . ii «„ .. * . ;¦ .. uu . ( Ko- ( M ; t >; vrercdeteniiiiied to posseMiihtiiijiimi HiefiiWaiiJl
•^• eatest ,: of ; ,: these rights « ., » , the -right to . tlte M . il , and unless the aristocracy could pro ' iucf a L'raut ' from heaven , he disputed their t laim to , a iii .- ; " l « foot of land . ( Cheers . ) ,. Uy the acts pasaeittu vliiit shop . wliich Lord John liAu juVr shin up , durini ; tli ' last sossion , they mightfaivlv judge of » he ' i . < 'ce .-sitv of parliamentary retorm , Wlnvi « evo ' ltiey ' { 'Die grant of Marl borough House to a young prince u > r his use nine yeavs hence ; a large huhi to e-eot stables for the same Prinee ' . s horses ¦ when Hi- \ were puvehasud , or , perhaps , he Hlmulil say vx | , ' u they were born . Tho votini ; of £ 12 , 000 a year to the young Duke of Cambridge . pi r .-. hanee to hi ^ nd on courtesans , or in other iii-uiiiichericB . This was the way the substance oi iho people was » a . -ti"i , Mr . Huffy described the present siaiu of laboui- i . n . i capital , currency and exchange , ' and showed the bearing the Legislature had oii these things ; hut a » well might the lamb expm justice from the wolf , a 9 for the people to look forru'lit and couii . v fwiin . >
House ot Commons as at present elected . { Oi . i-w-.. . ) They must first get the CUavter , which was il . e machine to effect the social right mentioned in the resolution , anil of which he was an advocate . ( Lund cheers . ) . Mr . John Fussell rose , rapturously applauiicit , to second tho resolution , and said , in seconding ' thai resolution , he was desirous of- proving himself nj , unflinching an advocate of Ihe just ri ghts of the people , now he had come our of prison , as his whole life had evinced him to be More he . went into ( he Westminster , Bastile . ( Immense cheering ) The land was , most undoubtedly , the property of the whole people , but ho thought they could only he repossessed of it by means of the People ' s Charter . Tho land , heretofore , had been made to bear all the burdens of the peoplo , but now it had piisseu into the hands of n . few aristocrats . ( Hear , hear . ) In discussing questions of such importance it was
necessary that they should understand their , position . Then , let him ask , wh y they had been deprived of their ri ghts ? Why so many victims had been made ! Bad it not been b y their own divisions ? doubtlessl y caused by a few crafty swtesmon . ' ( Hear , hear . ) They wished to accomplish theiv object peaceably ; their object was , love not war—sympathy for the poor , inn persecution of the rich , lie repeated , they wished to gain thevv « vm ends peaceably , not by ineurrectioH . -in fin ,-through the means of the People ' s Charter ( Loud cheers . ) fle » invoked them to establish a Iock ' Ui-v of the National Charter Association , and thus while they exhibited iheir desire for ne » co < how their determination to have liberty . ( Loud cheer * ) Porter , in his statistics , told them that two inYl liona per annum was absorbed in the shape of profits , independent of what was taken as taxes , mm-h
Ot which , wout to support spies , to swear away the liberty , or , perchance , tho lives of good men like Outlay , Lacey , and a host of others ; and to defame flicm like himself , t , y falsely swearing that he ivcpmmended private assassination , which he emphatically denied . ( Loud oticen . ) lie knew that there were certain uersons who affirmed that a trade was made of sedition ; but this he denied fliid , - when it was remembered , that from thevcar lbao , up . to the present period , the whole Chartist agitation had not cost £ 20 , 000 , that was to sav not more than the annual pay of one general offijei 1 it would be seen how fallacious was such a ch-irge and yet , during that time , they had valientl v supported three general movements , « nd notaWle leader of theirs had turned traitor . ( Loud cheers ) The government had admitted that tho Chartists were not a faction , but a party . Aye , and to the government a dangerous party . ( Hear , hear . l i
ney oemunaoa the UanrtW when out of prison , and when within the prison walls , and , when released from prison , they were more than Chartistsaye , ever ready to uphold tlw red banner ( Immense applause . ) He trusted that every practical measure would meet with their support and that tlvcy would cemvinco the government , by their actions , that they not onl y uesired , but were determined to possess liberty . ( Great eheoring ) Mr . Hausey , who rose loudly applauded , said , surely the chairman , when so announced by him must have forgotten how warmly his lordship was greeted in the neighbourhood of a certain bad house
m tiwt viciiiity- ( laughter ) -when ho ' { Lord Palmerston ) was standing up in defence of Foreign liberty , some short time since . ( Lauchter ) They would also remember how the people were cried down , when they assembled to greet their representatives as they passed to and from the Convention and Assembly ; yet , that same press could call on them to meet and cheer Lord Paltnerstou , when o « W , ^ #° \ T > bMftUlw » ils tllev ' * ad it , ho was "defending liberty on the contiuent ; " of the sort of liberty the Whi gs defended on the continent they might judge by what they did in England : here they reformed down to their own order , and not a bit below it ~( hear , hearj-aud so it had- been in Poland , Hungary , Italy , Sicily , Ac . ; but he would < Usinws tlus digression from the subieci . hv ntntimr
that he should be again ready to meet Lord Palmerston on the hustings of Tivcrton , or elsewhere . ( Loud cheers . ) There are some gentlemen who did not seem to know what was meant by " The Charter and something more ; " but- the drawer of this resolution had dotermined they should not be long in doubt—at least , as regarded one point—the Land—and he maintained that one point was worth more than the six points of the People ' s Charter In the streets of JS ' ewcastle-on-Tyne stood a column dedicated to Earl Grey , tho man wlio "stood by his order . Iu that same Newcastle , once resided another man , who , like the celebrated Thomas Paine , had devoted his life and writings to the bonefito ; - » hM order , " but who had no statue . It was Ihomas Spence of whom he was about to speak . ( Cheers . ) Because he asserted the priuoipls contained in that resolution , and dared to say that the land belonged not to a few ar intA .
crats , but to the whole people , , he was hunted trom place to place , until at length he found himself III London ; and Still detormined to persevere in tho emancipation of great truths , ho published the famous « Pigs Meat for the Swinish Multitude . " in which he hud it down " That Kings were but crowned brigtuuis ; " « That war was human butchery , not glory . " Spence . continued for years to publish his tracts , and disseminate his medals , despite not only the persecution and prosecution ot his enemies , but under , the scowl of mauy a man , whom he was labouring , heart and soul , to serve . ( Hear , hear . ) But a change had taken place , progress was making rapid way , and he trusted yet to live to see tho day when Earl Grey would descend from the colun . n in Newcastle , and a bust of S pence be orected on the pedestal , and when . a monument should be ereoted over liia
humble grave in Tottenham-court-road burial ground , inscribed : — . " Hero lie tho remains of a man , who in the worst of times , dared prohlaim— ' That tho Land was the People ' s Farm . ' , ( Great cheoring . ) He saw in that resolution tho commencement of " The good lime coining . " He did hope toseealoeality of the association established for that district in order that' they might gather together those that were formerly with them , as well as to add the mass of converts to their roll . ( Hear hear ) Mr . Fussoll hoi said , they could notretuin ' OT 0 teclion ; why thoy never had protection . True Chowler had talked of his " horosaad . his men to nde them ; " but , however sincere Choivk-rmight be , depend on it , Richmond aud Disraeli , Sy cared tor office , and not a fig- for the amioultunl labourers . ( Hear ; hear . There was % oS mrtv who made professions of reformrbuthSned tK people agunit mppovting anyV pSS- IS ° 5 oudd fcav , a pariah , \ m , ^ hm W % X Judge
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tliese . ' . Manchester ; men" by , their acfa : ! ork nt tlieir votes on the Factory Bill , aiid on tin ; Jtokera ' Bill—those would show what this class « ouJ « do for labour ; yet should ho ( Mr . llarney ) g \ Qn in seeing this party in . power , because one three months in offlce ' would make them the most iinpop » lar that ovev sat on the Treasury benchns .. and then would ceme the great ' struggle oi . all . Again ho said , never support any inquire that would leave a pariah- class outside flu * institution but have measures that , like our Charter , would embrace all , , ( Mneh ai . plan-. ' . ) , 'he C'hartisis had orophosicd during the cry i ' of , ree tvade , clioap bread ,, &o .,. thnt wapca won ! -. ! V > 11 ; and . was not the prophesy , being fulfilled tit ' the case of the typefounders ami the Eaavcru Cuunties Railway men ? Why /' the firm of r .-. " < - and
Co ., ; would save out of tho reduced \ v ; ;/ r . of their ninety-six men no less than from £ iVmi to £ 1 , 200 per Annum . Again , the shareholiihts of the Easter Counties Railway hud inmiew'e ji' / wer io iiring against tho men , tho other i-ailv . riv :., ( uriiisbijis , ' liem wiih bands . The men from u ' . dhc other railways did'not conie to-contend voiunta * rily "; no , they were compelled ; and told if ilic ; i ' id not go they must starve , as they would not " ! - * ep tiieiu on their vails . ( Hear ; hear . ) A gs-i-. ter state of tyranny that this could not- exi > L . He looked on ' those strikes as being quite jt's . ' iil le , hut ho did not think they would be successful : he trusted ho slioulii not \ ie charged with ihy « . >\« ng eold w ater on them , as he cordially . "iij » prjj led them , hut , in all sincerity , ho must say , »' . < -. .-air no lu . pus , save in a mastery of the state . ( J-oud enters . ) - !
The resolution was then put , and carriyvl «/ : inimnusly . . •' Mr . M'Swkbsht moved the second rcsointioti as tiillows :- "That in the opinion of this ineeunsr * liMHiiiiy of the National Charter Associaiion » hould it- immediiitely formed , fov tho district of Westminster and Pimlico . " Mr Lynch ( one of the deputation from the . 'ivish-Democratic Association ) seconded the motios ' i ' , ' and cam they had opened a locality of . the Democratic As «!« ciation in Golden-lane , and should ' 1 lie h » p {> y to have others in the metropolis , and elsewhere :- " The Irishman would aid the Northern Star urn ! . other Eu-lisli newspapers in establishing the princip&s of lieiiuittrsiey . " '"' v , ¦> Mv ^ WiTtlAKB , who' objected to the ¦ wi-itiiij ; .-. of ¦^^ M ^ i : - - ' ' 8 !? cikiftjin . Qw . h , o ? , fara pevsb |» , was ¦ KKW ! to-ifhfjbWfe " oMti ? wtl-Ctartc »' L . o-Ciiiiiiin ? ' ¦'• ¦ ' ¦ . '¦ ¦ ' - : • ¦¦• ' ^ . ¦¦ "• H .
iVii . Stauwood said , any one joining thh A ' s .-: i ! cia « linn was onl y pledged to the six points of lha < . Peo-| tl >" 8 Charter and the rules that guided ita opisratii ns—( a . copy of , which he handed to Mr . Wavbnd ) ,-hut said every man was allowed- the full Jaiiiudo oX speech , and that a . ll-persons must have an object iii wishing the People ' s Charter to become the Jaw of the land , lie was free to confess his vm the soeial amelioration of the cocdi ion of the people , and he was in favour ef " Social Rights . " Mucli of t lie ltohesjiieiviaii cede was deserving ofth < : wannest isuUi ^ y . As regards the principles ' adopted in tho first resolution—the nationalisation of land—it was the creeu _ of all Christiana , of all philosoi » he »> , . and wi .-c and just wen , and mipht be prominently set forth m it ; e first chapter of Genesis . The resolution was adopted by acclamation .
Several members were enrolled in the Association , and Mr . \ Valfovd was appointed to vnrol names for the district at the Temperance Hail . A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman , who acknowled ged the compliment , and the meeting then dissolved .
1 »¦¦ I ¦ . . ^ ^—: ^ Ctwttfet Smtiltfience. ^. ^_^-^ _
1 »¦¦ i ¦ . . ^ ^— : ^ CtWttfet Smtiltfience . ^ . ^_^ - ^ _
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P 11 A X C E . Rio t at Bbbascon . - 1 ' aius , Wednesday . ~ Tho President visited BeBRuoon on Mondav evening " the 10 th msfc . and a ball was to be ( riven th / same night ; the pressure of the crowd , l , ve ver w-ls so great : in the nei ghbourhood of this ball , that " the troops could not form that doublo line which 16 here called lahaie . The dignit ) of the President , thus unhedged by the usual prickly fence of bayonets was sadly exposed to be hustled by a rude and anything but friendly mob , composed chiefly os \ -orkmen , who deafened him wiib shouts of ' < Vive la Jlepubligue ! " No sooner had , Louis Napoleon gained the interior of the ball room than the tumult became wilder and fiercer outsido , and this cries louder and moro menacing , and nresentlv in burst a torrent of the poDulace . a i ..- ? i
cry ot "Vive la Jiepubliqae ! " burst from . th » tumultuous column , which consisted of workmen attw ^ j ? $ i » FS crush ol disconcerted couples the l £ idSs aft ' £ S # -S ^^ 3 & «» riSS 3 SS invaders , who took triumphant possession , whh uproarious cries of " Vive la SepubHque >» > Of course' tliey did not spare any of those symbols , such as eagles , and flags with tho President ' s initials , which bore any relation to the scheme of reviving the empire . Meanwhile General
Castellano , who had already drawn his sword for the protootion of the President in the ball-room , rallied the typop ? , and returning . at the head of a strong detachment of cavalry , charged sword in . hand . Presently the ball-room was cleared by infantry at tho point of the bayonet . - These measures sufficed t « quell the riot and restore order . Several pvisoners were taken .- ? Daily Mw ) . . . >
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Thu following appeared in our third edition of last \ veek : —
Accident in the Temple . —On Friday ni ghr Mr . Laiicham held an inquest at the Plougl . ^ Carcysircci , Liiieolii ' s-inn-hclds , on the body of George Duckett , aned fifty , a house painter , who iell from a manhiiie whieli was insecurely fixed , while Uv « aa painting tin- front ; of the house of No . 5 , Ilarcourthuildiuys . Te . Miple , and died of the injuries he receive . ! . Vurdiei , " Accidental de- ; th . ' Fire at Deptfoud .-About eleven o ' clt-ck on Fritluj uialii a hie liroke out in the soap manufactory «• Mc-smv . When and Co ., in the Briti ^ .-fad . The iii-ying llllu ^ e however , in which it commenced , was Inwiu \ iown , ami the contents consumed . From the cxjiiui . atinii since made , no doubt is c-iner taincn i , ui tha tl . e lire was caused from iho yveiheat in-: i . f ' Un- dryinu stove .
Uipudbnt Uobbeky . —on Friday evenitu-, about five i I'liiuk . a iii ; : ii ol respectable appearliiice entereu Ut >> --hopol Mr . Everett , New Coniptcis-screet , Re ^ ent . ..-o uare , ami n-quvstml io befitted wit n a imU * of nelliii » imi hoi / ts . Air . Everett suited him with a pair of limns , valued at 26 a ., with which he appeared to be highly pleiuti'il . and was apparentiy in the act-of paying fur tiiuin when a man autiueuly rushed into the Miup , mid seizing bis hat , whi « h was laying on ( he numier , maile off at a rapid rate . Ho
was instantly pui-Mind by Mr . Everett ' s customer , who niiide afi . ' i the apparent thief , and both rayidly " isappeari'd toward * Gray ' .-inn-lane , Mr . Jvveret ' c lou .. ly ui-- ! ii . s ; In : ; , to jier . H-vere ill tho pursuit- At ' ier waiting . i coiiMdci-iil . le time in the vain oxpect-ation of the return of his nimi'le-footed customer , the boot-maker ¦• f » an io suspect that he had been duped ; ami , upon communicating with th- poliw , we Was funitahfil with the unwelcome intoriuutum that several ro ' l . hene- had been committed retc-iitly by persons fiiswcriii" ( h <> ili > Ki > fintin » nf i . ;» <' ,.., „ hv persons .. nsweniitr the description of his "
customers . " Tub GnAVESEsn Fihe . —At an inquest hold on l-nday to inquire into rJio cause of the fire , the jury returned tic lolloM-in *; verdict : — " That twn ' c .-rtain ( iwclling-hmisi ' s , lately known as Nos . 65 and 68 Iligh-stn-et , Oravescnd , in the county ot fi ,-nt , were , on the 11 th of iuaiist , 1 S 50 , burnt down » m uestroyed by fire , but by what means the said fire originated , no evidence thereof halti been sMtoucwl . " Execution at MoNMucTn . —On Friday morninc Patrick Sullivan and Maurice Murphyage
res-, pectively 21 au . l 22 , who were found guilty at the last assizes of the murder of an aged female ' pauper on the high road near Newport , were executed in front of the county gaol . The culprit Murphy confessed that he . first striiok their victim with ;> stone , and that Sullivan finished the brutsil work . They had killed her , l . c snid , liecause , being in a famishing state , from eating nothing for four or ( ivi > tinys but grass and vegetables stolen from the fields , they behoved she ! i » d victuals in her basket ; and they did not intend to kill her , but only to stun h .-v sufficiently to effect the rohberv without detection
Tue uis Accident os the Hivkh Mkrsct . —Afc the inquest held at Liverpool ou Wednesday the jury returned a verdict of " Accidental Death ' . " The Convict IIassah Curtis . —Tho execution of Hannah Curtis , now in Gloucester county pn-ou under sentence of death- for the murder of hoi- husband at Pran-pton Cotfwll by poison , wm . tixed fov this day ISaluruay ) , and nil Hie awful prci « rations had been made . At a late hour on Friday night , however , a Queen ' s messenger uvrived jwst haste from Scotland , where Sir George Grey is i ! OW sojourning , with a lettev em . tnininy a n-spiiv of the execution " until her Majesty ' s pleasure shall be known .
Fiuk . —On Thursday morning , between one and two o ' clock , a fire broke out on the premises of Mr . J . Morris , brnssfbunder , So . o , ilenneage-street ' Brick-lane , Si > italfields . Tho inmates were Moused by a smell ot smoke , nnd ic was discovered that some of the fittings-up of tlie shop were on firo Au alarm was given , and tho fire was extincuisl . e . L but not before considerable damage was done t- the shop . 'Ihe origin of the lire Is supposed to be a spark lrom a candle . A Solicitor charged with Forgery , —Mr Henry Blackburn , a solicitor , of Preston , has been am , t < . bended on a charge of forging a codicil to th . ' will o his deceased wife .
\__~The Ljtsd 1 ,
\__~ THE LJtSD ,
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. " Sow ' s the daj , ami now ' s the hour , See the froBt of battle lour , See approach Napoleon ' s power , Kapoleon—chains and slavery . "
TO THE OLD GUARDS . My Dear Old Priends , —I have often told you that you were never to believe a word that appeared in newspapers that were upheld , and made profit for the proprietors , by telling lies of your order , and receiving advertisements from those who were opposed to your order . How often have I told you , that if the veritable
working classes assembled in . hundreds of thousands , nay millions , to define and adopt the principles of veritable Democracy , not a line of their proceedings would be published in a single newspaper , while upon the contrary , if a few black slugs , free traders , protectionists , railway managers , or shopkeepers meet in a cockloft to discuss those principles , tlie adoption of which would destroy your order , their proceedings will occupy columns in the several
newspapers . Old Guards , the "Special Constable " PRESIDENT has made his tour through France , in the hope of creating an amount of tyrannical power that would enable him to become Emperor . The Times and other newspapers represent his reception in the most glowing coIoutb , while the French papers ^ -which give a true and veritable account of his progressstate that he was hissed , hooted , and fired at . But , Old Guards , can yoUj or can any , the wisest man propound a greater folly than this ? Theory of "VIVE LA REPUBLIQTJE " was considered as an insult to the man who va 8 elected President of the Republic .
Now , when the newspapers and the friends of the' "'S pecial Constable" Pbesident , Bet down " such' a cry as an insult , can you have a clearer proof that this juggler wants to destroy the very power by which ho was elevated to nis present position 1 And will not the fact o ? the National Guards and others , shouting vtoe la BeptibU que , convince you , that if you were aa sterling to your principles as the
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L ¦ IvipiaiMai ^ rades' journal : IE
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PL ' " tillage is their oldfashioned 1 ^ . 67 : ;; LONDON , SATURDAY , AUGUST 31 mf ~~~ ^ - ^ - ^ n — lllnrTa t » « 1 ___ .. I _ xL .:.. _ i . i j * . ^ i- ¦ . - : ' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ....... . ¦ ... _ -.-.. ^ , i _ .- _— ¦ .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 31, 1850, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1589/page/1/
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