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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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1 ^ S 3 BtSfOTe ; especfeliy witbithemV , ffi !^^ " ^ TheJaiid ' w no * * * in the same sense as * man ' s labour or ^ S ? f ti 1 & The land only their ' s as a trust , S StSWlaw , not by tfatur ^ -aid when they C that trusty theilav must , interpose , ; to * J * them feel thatfliey have duties as well * fri < rllte . Tbe occupier , in sucK a cpunf ay ^ glfflftS ^ SSSS Sow , . andthatDecessity enablesthem to f «^^« J make the peasantry their slaves . Such a if ^ is notfitto be entrusted to sucj men as Cdlorts h ^ e proved themselves to be : at . is Sarourable to the independence , the proBSriir and the morality of a people , and , gerefbre the law oug ht to interfere Mi is not on to ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ " Z ~~ TT T , . _ ¦
, . i ^ her that the law called inter-Le espemlly wift them . It has been com-L ? Ued to interpose between grasping manufacturers and crashed factory operatives ; between ' merchants and their sailors ; between rtHng nBureraand reckless borrowers ; and no tone of those classes is more unable , or so arable , to make fair terms for themselves , as $ e Irish peasant ^ -not one has by its tyranny filled for restraint , as the Irish landlord . \ ud let them take heed , too , that the law ^ nwsl , sooner or later , interfere , or lose : its force , and leave the task to other hands , Trlifcfa troutd , perhaps , deal witii them less
ten-^ 3 y than any Tenant Eight League is likely to do . The trust may not only be limited , it is possible tlutt it may be abolished .
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CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTIONS .
A short time ago the prospects of the progressive party on the continent -were by no ^ eans brilliant It would seem as though the { jde was turning in favour of democracy . The small state of Hesse Cassel has had a revolution , which embodies a principle , and sets an example well worth the earnest study of all who hold the opinion , that oppression can . only be quenched in blood . There are far more effective weapons for its destruction , than any to be found stored up in arsenals , or fabricated in the manufactories of cannon , mus ^ iets , powder , balls , and bayonets . It is true
fhat those latter are more impromptu , and appear to succeed more rapidly ; but what is rap idly won is as easily and speedily lost . All noble and permanent growths are slow . Hesse Cassel secured a constitution twenty years ago , when , the revolution of 1830 sent Charles IX . on : his travels , and placed a Citizen King on a throne , surrounded with republican Institutions in France . The steady , slow , bnt sure genius of our German cousins has , since that time , mastered the art of constitutional governments , and when the ELECTOR , under Ms natural instinct
for despotic domination , stimulated by Austria , and the contemplation of rampant absolutism , made an attempt to snbvert the constitution the other day , he signally failed . Upon a email scale , the story is that of our ChablesI . He was determined that he Tronld not-rule through a Parliament , nor would lie be . dependent oncnonies granted by the representatives of the people . He called to his assistance an unscrupulous and unprincipled fellow , who rejoices in the euphonious name of Hasskn-PFLUG , and having delayed the assembling of the legislative body until the time they should
hare adjourned , asked for a grant of money m a lump . The Legislature constitutionally asked for a constitutional budget , whereupon Elec-30 K and Minister rode the nigh horse , declared the capital in a state of siege , proclaimed military law , ordered the journals to be seized , and played the other pranks which , we are so familiar with , upon a larger scale , elsewhere . The cool constitutionalists of Hesse Cassel , however , did not trouble themselves to fly to arms . They refused the supplies . They appealed to the constitution against both the Elector and Minister , and finally , in
company with another Uayxav , these scoundrels were obliged , without a shot being fired , to decamp with a speed , and in a panic , which throws even the late "Mr . Smith , " of the Tailleries into the shade . As to Hassekpflug , ii appears that the poor wretch , ¦ wi ll not even be allowed the eclat of being a political offender . In his endeavour to escape , he was arrested on a charge of forgery , and will be tried as a common criminal . Verily , if the jpeople everywhere knew How to husband their strength , and " take it coolly , " it would be an easy matter to dispose of the few tyrants and their tools who domineer them
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over . Uieii lutua wuu uuuiiucci u » ci luciju . POLITICAL PROSPECTS IN FKANCE .
Locis Uatoieox appears to have made bnt a sorry investment of the £ 100 , 000 bribe for his complicity in disfranchising one-half of the electors who placed him in the Presidential chair . After his two tours , he has returned to Paris out of pocket and " out of luck . " Another quasi royal " progress * ' to the south , with the usual stereotyped triumphal arches , manufactured speeches , and all the iest of the unreal phantasmagoria " g ot up "
to imitate veritable public opinion , was projected—it is said , absolutely determined upon . But travelling expenses in that style are high , and the purse of our " ex-special ' * is lew . He has " run the length of his tether *' at present , and the not overbright idea of 2 k * apoleonising France by fetes and receptions , is doomed to failure for want of money . Nor is it Terylikely that theparties who support him in power merely as a warming-pan for their own more cherished pets ^ -either Bourbon or
Organist—will grant another " dotation" to be spent in like manner . They have fulfilled their part of the compact in the conspiracy against- the Constitution . The money has teeu paid , and the would-be Consul or Emperor has no further pecuniary claim upon them . As to personal or political claims , it is well known that not one of those who for tfe last twenty years have wielded political power in France , ever recognised them on the part of Louis NatOLEoS . They looked upon his candidature for the office of Chief
Magistrate , simply in the light of a very ridiculous joke , and must , no doubt , have been equally surprised and chagrined wfien the man they had looked upon as a political imbecile was made the " tramp card" for the time being . If they hare since tolerated bis continuance in Hiat position , it was simply because they believed that it gave time for the ripening of their plots for the restoration of the respective dynastic branches to which they are attached . Taking the actual state of affairs at the
present moment in France , its aspect is , we think , favourable to sound political pro « ress . We do not see anything that seriously menaces the existence and the gradual consolidation of the Republic , tnrough that best of all modes , the training of the whole people in the art of practicall y and peaceabl y acting in con . jormity with prescribed constitutioEal formula ; There is no doubt that a host of rival pretenders are eagerly watching for an opportunity of breaking through the barriers which at present surround the Republic , and again makunr
the government of France monarchical ; but the obstacles to their success are of a much more tangible and formidable nature than at any former period of the struggle of the French people for popular self-government . The previous revolutions in which they have been engaged may not have produced all the results that were anticipated , but they have , at all events , interposed such obstacles to the safe or permanent re-establishment of monarchy , that that contingency has almost ceased to remain within the fist of probabilities .
% the first place , we observe , with great satisfaction , that something like local political action , independent of Paris and . those who
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» in that city have , been accustomed to move the wireB ,. ia beg inning , to show itself . The appeal to the Conseils Generaux to -pronounce on the : desirabUityion ; : a revision of the constitution , ' whieh was intended to favour the projects of Loms Napolkon , and possibly enable him to seize a permanent position by acotip d ' etat , has not only failed in that respect , but has , we hope ; laid the foundation of anew political regime in France . Their decision has baen by no means so distinct as it was expected to be . __ The statistical resume of , theijr conclusions exhibits every variety of opinion ' ; and taking the whole-together , ; although a „ ' ... •; " 1 _ " _! . linsvm nnn-nmt-rvn % r \ A 4 a h _ r '
considerable ¦ number have pronounced in favour of some revision' of the constitution , even those councils uniformly suggest , that any revision must be made within the limits of the constitution , and by constitutional means . Here then we have a direct and gratifying refutation to the repeated assertions of the : correspondents of . such journals as the Time * , Chronicle , et sui genus omnce , that the people of France were surprised into the adoption of a Republican form of Government by a small sect of enthusiasts , or worse , who had . no real support or
sympathy from the mass of the French people . The question has been deliberately and completely tested , under every advantage , on the Royalist side .. , M . Cabuee and his police have violently . and unconstitutionally suppressed every veBtige of popular liberty . The liberty of public meeting , of petition , of the p resa—all the outlets , in short , of public opinion have been stopped up as far as the Elysee ; its instruments and its abettors could effect that object . The Republican party have been exiled , fettered ; and gagged in every possible shape ; and yet what is the end of the Royalist appeal under such cowardly circumstances ? The general effect of these municipal
decisions is , that although they would gladly see improvements of details , they advise a firm hold on the main body of the Constitution . This is a very different judgment from the one wishfully anticipated by the Napoleonists . It is gratifying , not more on account of the immediate result , than the fact , that these Councils have Bhown both the capacity and the will to grapple with the political questions of the day . The nearer Republican France approaches in this respect to Republican North America , the greater guarantee is there for the permanence of Republican institutions . Bnt , besides this new and powerful obstruction to the success of any of the plotters against the Constitution , there is almost an insurmountable one in the
Const itution itself . It creates but one Legislative Chamber , and enacts that , no organic changes shall be effected in . its provisions , except upon the . sanction of the Assembly , at three successive deliberations , to . be conducted at one month ' s distance from each other , and decided , in each case , by a majority of not less than three-fourths of the House . This introduces a totally new element into the exciting game of politics in France . If there is to be another . revolution , it must be one of Force , for avowedly selfish and dynastic purposes . The old system of two Chambers ,
which gave Napoleon the means of achieving these ob j ects by iraud , is destroyed . On the three occasions when the late EilPEROR made the Constitution the means of elevatinghimself , and nullifying its own enactments , the-Upper and Smaller Chamber wastheimmediateinstrument by which he effected his object . But the " nephew of his uncle" has no such dangerous weapon in his hands ,-even if he had the daring genius and the iron will to use them , which , in theformer case , invested theirpossessorwith the imperial purple . In the 750 members of the
Legislative Assembly we doubt if a single score can be found , to lend , themselves to the advancement of Louis Napoleon ' s interests , except with a view to their own . Every party bnt his is represented there , and , although the factions are numerically the majority when united against the Republicans , yet , as a party , the latter are the strongest body in the chamber . The differing and contradictory objects which each of these factions have in view , will prevent them from cordiall y uniting for the destruction of the Republic , until they think that some one of them has a clear
chance of a majority ; and the moment they had achieved their point , they would find themselves opposed by all . the other parties , and of course a minority for all practical purposes of Government . Upon a review of all the facts , we are impressed with the belief , that the French Republic is in no immediate danger , and that the longer it lasts the less likely are any attempts against its integrity to succeed . If it can by any means be maintained , the future is full of hope for Europe . A Republic of 30 . 000 , 000 is utterly incompatible with the maintenance of despotism like Austria and Russia on the same continent .
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MONIES RECEIVED For she Wkek Ending Thubsday , SefieubsR 26 th , 1850 . FOB THE WINDING-HP OF THE 1 ANB COMPANY . Received b y W . Rideb . — W . Rest , Fletching Is—W . Breach , Lewes Gd—Chorley Branch , per W . Wilkinson 10 s —Nottingham , per J . Sweet 2 s—Chafford , near Tunbridge Wells , per A . Warren 4 s . ' ' ' ' £ 8 . cL Beceired by W . Rider .. .. 0 17 6 TO LIQUIDATETHE DEBT DUE TO MR . O'CONNOR , ON ACCOUNT OF OAKUM PICKING . Received byW . Ridek . —Whittington and Cat 3 d . FOR RED REPUBLICANS . Received by TV . Rides . —W . Breach , Lewes Cd . FOR THE IRISHMAN NEWSPAPER . Received by W . Rideb . —Whittington and Cat 6 d . THE CASE OF THOMAS JONES . Received by John Absott . —A Friend , per Mr . Martin Cd Collected at the King and Queen , Foley-sireet 3 s 03 d—J . L ., Hull Is—A few Reds , perW . Hoare 2 s—H . Ilainer , Radcliffe Bridge Cd—T . Hamer , Radcliffe Bridge Cd—a Worldnx Man , IladclifFe Bridge Is .
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Dreadful Accidext at Malta . —A serious accident happened on the 10 th of September , after a match on the Pieta , partly owing to bad horsemanship and hard riding , and partly to the incomplete state of the road turning towards Sa Maison , which was covered with loose stones . Lieut . Charles B . Parke , Royal Marines , belonging to her Majesty ' s ship Bellerophon ( a nephew of Colonel Parke , C . B ., one of her Majesty ' s aides-de-camp ) , was thrown from his horse , and received so severe a contusion in the head as to bring on frightful convulsions and total insensibility , though no limbs were fractured . Happening to be riding at the time with the
assistant-surgeon of the same vessel , Mr . Culhane , who immediately bled him on the spot , and had him forthwith conveyed to the civil hospital at Floriana ( about half a mile ofi ) on a sofa , where every aid that art could suggest was immediately rendered , and , after sitting up with him throughput the night , his brother officers had the satisfaction of seeing the sufferer gradually return to consciousness . On the morning of the 12 th he was sufficiently recovered to be carried in a cot on board the Bellerophon , which left on the following day for England . Taken from the hospital where so many cases of Asiatic cholera have been treated , the contagionists attri-) ute to this circumstance the sad break out of the
disease on board the Bellerophon immediately after . A "Wholesale Robbert , —Some time ago , whilst Madame de Caumont Laforce , a lady of property , of Paris , was in the country , ono of her domestics , aided by two other persons , caused rhe whole of the splendid furniture of her hotel , worth nearly 80 , 000 francs , to be taken to the Hotel des Commissaires priseurs , and sold by auction . The price realised wa 3 only 6 , 000 francs . "With this sum , added to a large sum in gold , a quantity of jewellery , and other valuable objects , the three thieves , George Dehan , Nicholas Teremetre , and a young woman , named Francois Bernard , took their departure from Havre
on board the Nicholas , for New York . As soon as the robbery was fcnown , warrants were issued for their arrest , but they did not reach Havre until aiter the departure of the ship . Directions were , nowever , immediately forwarded via England , to tne French Consul at New York , to arrest the tin ™ ' ° \ tleir aTrival in that city . These instrue-EA riach c ed Kew York by the English steamer nfoH ?\ * " ? ° las . The French Consul im-Sffi ^ Slui . * ? t 0 8 ° * meet the St - theJ& } three thieTes ^ re captured , to tad The MtmuBhment , at some distance from PartofS& h ? * ? b *> ° ght to France for trial . Fart of their booty wUl be mfc ^ n tfaowfier ,
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THE MINERS OF ^ THE . NORTH . l TO THB EDlTOn OF THE NORTHERN STAB . Sib , —The mining industry of this country ( at all times a sufferer "by - the unwise competition which has prevailed among the workmen in the first place , and secondly , from the practice ofthecbalowners in underselling each other- at'the various markets , ) is at present threatened with an extensive and organised plan to carry out-the principle of cheapness with ( we may anticipate ) the usual results , namely , reduced prices fonworking , and consequently lower wages for the poor collier ; ¦ ¦ ir ;~ .-.. j ; . ' To any unprejudiced or disinterested parties who may have read a book published by W . Laird , Esq ., addressed to the Chairman of the Dook Company of Liverpool on the export coal trade , the above speci-- I III ? XfTVPDC At" mrtTi i-rn-nmrr * :
fied results will be obvious , inasmuch as the writer does not blink the matter , but at onoe admits that the plan projected will benefit the proprietors of the docks immensely , and insure a successful competition with all other coal-shipping ports . To the capitalists of one side of our island who may be benefitted at the expense of the same order on the eastern side , this project may well apply , and would warrant an assumption of its practicability and success . But what will be the position of the working miners in both the western and eastern sides , or of any ether who may be within the range of the direct effects of such competition ? They may well exclaim , with the frogs in the fable , " gentlemen , this may be pleasing to you , but it is death to us . "
Sir , the attention of the great body of miners must necessarily be directed to this question . Something must be done to stop the downward course of wages ; to prevent the coal-owners of Lancashire , Yorkshire , Staffordshire , Northumberland , Durham , Derbyshire , Nottinghamshire , and of Scotland and Wales , by their insane mania for cheapness and underselling each other , depriving the industrious collier of his few remaining comforts , or of the chance to better his condition and elevate himself and family in the social scale . The first step in : the right direction-is an organisation of the whole Mining body . To this point , then , I would direct their attention , and with pleasure present to their notice the well-timed example of the men of Nottinghamshire , who , ifc will be seen , by tha fol-Iowipgdigestof their proceedings , have taken the proper steps to save themselves from the evil consequences of continued competition : •—! Bobber ' s Mill , near Nottingham .
Deak Sib , —The miners here are on the move again ; oppression has done its work , and roused them to active duty . On the 2 nd of September we held a delegate meeting , and adopted certain resolutions relative to the organisation of the working miners . Several lodges have been opened , and an agent appointed to go on the errand of mercy—to persnade . the miners to rallyround the standard of union , and whose serrices have been well received by those whom he has visited . On the 16 th we held _ another delegate meeting , and I assure you that the spirit of the men is good . May , the employers , butties , and workmen , all seem ' animated with the same feeling , viz ., that union is necessary , t » prevent the destruction which competition threatens to entail upon all . After the collection of the monies necessary tq-Jpay the " agent , and other matters of expense , ' it was resolved to appoint a delegate to the enBuing Conference to he held at Newcastle , October 14 th . T . Watson is appointed agent ; John Jlorley , president ; and myself , ' secretary . The work seems to go on well and prosperous . Tours , &c , 'ToM . Jude . " Geo . Gouudeb , Secretary .
Thus , we see that the miners of the midland districts are viewing the question properly , and would seem to be anxious to right themselves whilst they have strength to do so . -I have another letter from Ayrshire , in Scotland , detailing the effects of the late strike , and showing the inutility of fighting the masters single-handed . Ayrshire will , however , have a delegate at the Conference ; Staffordshire has also elected its delegate ; and we may safely calculate upon the brave men of Lancashire sending their , quota ; thus , if Yorkshire is represented , we shall have delegates from all the chief Mining districts of England and Scotland . It will , therefore , be the obvious duty of those districts who have not , as yet , moved in the matter ,
to set to work immediately and organise themselves , and by their representative take their share in disposing ef the business which will necessarily come before the Conference , when the foundation of the general union will be laid , which shall spread the glad tidings far and wide of the miners' anticipated redemption from the destructive consequences of individual and general competition . Delegates will come prepared with a tabular statement of the average wages earned , and the hours of work each day ; the number of days they work each week , and the approximate quantity of the stock of coal on hand in their respective districts . Yours , &c , M . Jude , Secretary .
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IRISH DEMOCRATS . The London branch of the Irish Democrats held their usual weekly meeting on Sunday evening , at the City-hall , Golden-lane . Mr . John Collins in the chair . Letters were read from Dublin , Glasgow , and other places . On the motion of Mr . John Knox Flanigan , seconded by Mr . J . Joyce , the following resolution was unanimously adopted : — "That the resolution expressive of our determination to continue our exertions for the cause of democracy , adopted by us on the 7 th instant , not having appeared in the Northern Star , this meeting directs the secretary to write to Glasgow , and other political bodies who have hitherto taken an interest in our proceedings , informing them of such determination . " Several speakers addressed the meeting , seme subscriptions were paid in , some persons proposed for membership , and the meeting terminated . [ A report of the meeting was received at this ofiice ; but no resolution . We presume the omission was a mistake . —E » . If . S . ]
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THE REFUGEES . On Monday evening a ball and concert took place at the Assembly Rooms , Hampstead-road , for the benefit of the Hungarian and Polish refugees . Several national and patriotic songs were sung , and Mr . T . Brown made an animated appeal on behalf of the exiles to the country at large , not to leave these brave men to be entirely supported : by the men of London . The London democrats had takea a hall for their accommodation , and would soon laugh at the assistance of Stuart and Co . ( Great applause . ) Several British soldiers were present , who contributed to the funds , having previously paid the price of admission . Three cheers were given for the exiled brethren , and three groans for llaynau , when dancing commenced , which was kept up until a late hour . Great praise is due to the committee for their excellent arrangements .
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A Mock Count . —An Italian , who is an exile in France for the active part he toook in the insurrection of Rome , has just been arrested under very singular circumstances . A few days ago a banking house of the quarter Feydau received from a correspondent at Kome directions to pay a sum of about 408 f . to a Count de P . Two days after a person presented himself , and stated that he -yas the count ; he was almost blind and was led by one of his friends . He was called on to prove his identity , which he did by producing a passport ; he was then asked for his title of credit , but he said that he hsd mislaid it . He added that ho was to leave the same day for the south to be treated for his eyesight , and he asked the banker as a favour to spare him the loss of time which the necessity of
demanding a new letter of credit would occasion . The man appeared so respectable , and his passport so satisfactory , that the banker gave him the money . Two days after the banker was informed by a second letter from his correspondent that an exlieutenant of Garibaldi was making dupes in Prance and other countvies by passing himself off as the Count de P . The police immediately arrested the man who received the 400 f ., and at the same time succeeded in discovering the veritable Count de P -. The latter , on seeing the ex-lieutenant , declared that he knew nothing of him , and that the other was an impostor . It is not known how the ex-lieutenant could have obtained the information with which ho presented himself to the-banker . A searching judicial investigation haB been commenced . — Galignani ,
The BuiciiebHaynau , a Cousin of the Duchess of Cambridge . —Haynau is the bastard son of William I ., Elector of nesse-Cassel , and William was snele to Augusta , Duchesa of Cambridge , now so dear to the English nation . This lady , regards her cousin with the veneration due to the first man of the age . ' Snuff-taking Made Easy . —A snuff-box of a novel construction , and designed to supersede the necessity of using the fingers in taking snuff , Las been registered at Birmingham . The box is inverted , and upon being turned up , two sm all cups are found charged with the titillating mixture , and read y to be applied $ o { hesose ..
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1 l 4 TIO gAL ASSOCIATION " OF ~ I UNITED .. TRAlffiS .. .,, T . S . Dukcombe , Esq ., M . P ., ; President . 1 ' Established 1845 . " FIAT JUSTITIA . " ' "Ifitiverepossible . for thTworlthiff classes , by combmint ; among tiiemselvea , to raise , or keep up the | enera ] thing not to be punished , but to he welcomed ana rejoiced a ' iStoaet Mill . : . ' . . ; The ; grossly one-si ded partiality' of British law , whereever and whenever laLoui- . and capital appear in antagonism , ; ia . seriously aggravated by its administration'by an irresponsible provincial magistracy . ; " i-k-r « imT ^ -k- » -r ¦ — ¦ ..--. ~ " . * "•¦ """¦¦ - " -. — -
We hold that the judicial proceedings which have recently transpir ed before the Wolverhampton bench " of magistrates , at the suit of the two Perrys , to be an outrageous violation of personal libert y , and a foul blot upon the name of justice . The ' case of Charles Haynes we believe to be one of unequalled atrocity ; and we blush with shame at our unsuccessful efforts to snatch that honest man from his unmerited , ana we still think , illegal impr isonment . It is true that the form of the agreement , for the slightest conceivable violation of which
Haynes was unceremoniousl y handed over by the accommodating "VVolvevhampton justices to the contaminating society of felons and cutpurses , is said , hy high legal authority , to he valid in law . It is true he has emerged from the Stafford bastile uninjured , we hope , in body , and untainted in mind ; but there is the feeling rankling in his breast pf an unmerited insult inflicted , of a grievous wrong endured , and an unappcased and unappeasable desire for justice , in which the Central Committee sincerely participate , and which they believe to be their highest duty to . obtain for him if it be possible . .
They are advised that the whole proceedings would be instantly annulled , if brought before any one of the judges of the land ; there is not a shadow of a doubt of their technical illegality , and the question of further proceedings is now under the serious consideration of the Central Committee / But , whatever course they may be ultimately advised to pursue , as to the past , it is clearly manifest that some decided steps must be taken to protect our members from a successful repetition of these legal persecutions . The cases of Sweet and Caddiclc , reported in this week ' s Star , are much of the same
character with that of Haynes , evincing on the part of George Perry the most cool and deliberate tyranny , in seeking to force men to work for him against their will , and in violation of every-semblance of freedom or of liberty . He who , with a pistol at my head , forces me to surrender my purse , is no more a robber than he who forces from me my labour against my will , and without any' adequate consideration . But , surely , the Messrs . Perry cannot suppose that they will be permitted to accomplish their dishonest purposes by means like these ! We have the greatest satisfaction in knowing , that
it is not possible for them to execute their orders with their present hands , who are utterly deficient in number or qualification . We know also that Mi . E . Perry has signally failed in getting any supply from London ; and that those whom , by every species of trickery and misrepresentation , he has entrapped into his employment , are something like " Falstaffs ragged regiment "—the very scum and refuse of the trade , who will assist him in getting rid of his tin in a double sense ; he will
have to pay them with one description for spoiling the other . In the meantime , every decent man he has , stung with indignation at his dirty proceedings , are leaving him as they finish up their orders , or as their notices expire . The trade was never known to be so busy , and we very shortly expect to find a shop for every one of our members . Under these encouraging circumstances , we can almost afford to laugh at the extravagant outlay of money , wit , and character , exhibited in these extrajudicial , performances .
We have received several commendatory letters upon the firmness and perseverance with which this contest has been conducted by the Central Committee . We feel proud and grateful for these flattering acknowledgments . We believe we shall have rendered a service to the Tin trade of Wolverhampton scarcely to be appreciated , by the enforcement of a recognised book of prices ; That in
Wolverhampton the prices have been for years disgracefully low , arid has been the subject of complaint throughout the trade . That the book we have now adopted , and intend having , is , in every respect , what justice would demand ; but let it be borne in mind , that our book is not , like the laws of the Medes and Persians , unalterable . At the same time , we think there is much virtue in the old axiom— " There is wisdom in moderation . "
We know of no cause , save the absence of combinative effort , why , instead of towns lists , or hooks of prices , wo should not go for a National Book for every trade in Great Britain . Not only do the trades of this country require that a stop be put to that ruinous war of competition which the capitalists wage with each other at the expense of , and to the deep
injury of labour ; but a long and painful experience has taught us that there are schemes and devices whoso name is . legion , by which labour is robbed of its reward , other than by direct reductions . For such grievance we believe their is no efficient remedy but National Union , and we again urgently invite the trades of Great Britain to seriously ponder upon their present condition and future prospects , and to awaken from that fearful and fatal
torpidity in which all their natural energies appear to be entranced . We have frequently contended , and shown through the columns of this journal , the Labour League , the reports and other works emanating from this Association , that the working classes possess by law , the undisputed right , by combination , not only to place their own value upon their own labour , hut to dictate the terms , regulations and conditions under which they consent to barter it with the Capitalist . This Valuable right has been too long suffered to remain in abeyance . It never
can be effectively exercised by local or sectional efforts . National Union is the only leverage which can lift labour into its rightful , legitimate position , and place it in possession of these long-withheld , but priceless privileges . The great Lord Bacon has said , " For a Nation to be free , it is sufficient that she-wills it ; " but here is pre-supposed an homogeniety of wants and sentiment , a pre-existont extended , and concentrated unity of purpose and action , and with these postulates the axiom becomes a mere truism , We ,
therefore , in humble imitation of the great British Philosopher , and assuming the same postulatum , say , — " For Labour to bo freo it is enough that she wills ; " and we have pointed out , until we are growing weary , the means , and the only means , by which that freedom can bo achieved . Oh ! that wo could dip our pen into an ink of liquid flame , which should enter through the eye , and sear into the minds of our fellow-workmen , in indelible chazacters , these important truths . We would have the words , " National Union the remedy for National wrongs" emblazoned , in blazing
characters , on every mill , factory and workshop in the united kingdom ; and thus , by diufe of keeping the sentiment constantly before the eye , securo for it a lodgment in the heart . William Peel , Sec .
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Tub Pakis Siede says : — "It is said that the President of the Republic will have an interview with her Majesty the Queen of England in the Isle of Jersey . " The Jersey Times asks : — . " When ? > jid is it true that they aye to be met by the Emperor of Morocco V
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WOLVERHAMPTON POLICE COURT . : Tuesday , Sept . 17 . ..- ¦' . Magistrate present : Miv Underhill . ; William Sweet was charged by George Henry Perry , of Temple-street , with > neglect of work under verbal agreement , said to have been entered into on ; the 20 th of June . Mr . Fleetwood , on the part , of the defendant , took an objection against tlie agreement , ' on tho ground , thafan-old agreement , entered into in 1843 , was still in ' existenco , therefore the defendant ought to be discharged on the present warrant . The magistrate ' s cleric , Mr . Bolton , taking this view of the case , the bench dismissed the charge , . v ¦ r ¦ Thubsdat , Sept . 19 . - * . _ . - ¦ — : : —
Magistrates present : Messrs . Warner and Neve . William Sweet was charged with neglect of work under a written agreement , which had been signed in 1843 , binding the defendant to serve for three years and six months' notice and on the part of the master to find the defendant full and regular employment ; at making certain articles mentioned therein at certain prices ; and giving him one months ' notice . . ¦ : . : ¦ Mr . Fleetwood objected to the agreement being received aa evidence , inasmuch as it was not stamped , asMr . Archbold had recently given it as his opinion , that an agreement could not be received as evidence , if it did not contain a stamp . The objection was overruled by the bench .
Mr . G . ' Bhiscoe , being sworn , said , he was foreman at Mr . Perry ' s and was witness to the signers of the agreement , and the defendant worked until last Monday , when ho left . Cross-examined—I have worked for Mr . Perry eighteen or tweuty yo . 11 ' 3 . i He ( Sweet , ) entered into a fresh agreement on the 29 th _ of June last , when he stated he was perfectly satisfied , with the prices . He was making oval melons , which are not mentioned in the agreement to serve . He said he was willing to serve for twelve months : there was nothing said about
artiales . ; : . ; . Mr . Fleetwood argued , that as Mr . Perry had sworn on Tuesday , and Mr . Briscoo to-day , that the defendant had entered into an agreementsubsequent to this , 'it must be considered at an end , in addition to which , the agreement was vitiated in consequence of putting the defendant on other work than that described in the contract , and he looked upon this as a means to trick the workmen , which was perfectly disgusting . , ; Mr . Underbill . —I consider , before arguing the point , that Mr . Fleetwood has done much harm by using the language he has in the presence of so many workmen .
Mr . Fleetwood . —The language used in this court against me the other day by Mr . Perry was unwarrantable , and had this conduct took place a few years ago , his ( Mr . Perry ' s ) premises would have been down . Mr . Underiiill said , that the agreement could be altered by parole , as it had been in this case by mutual consent . The agreement does not say that he shall not make any other article which is not mentioned therein , and , as he has done so , he has been a consenting party , therefore it does not invalidate the agreement . . The magistrates having retired for a short period , they returned with a decision in favour of Mr . Perry , but thoy hoped that Sweet would return to his work if Mr . Perry agreed to take him . Mr . Underbill agreed on the part of Mr . Perry , wVif > n ¦; ....
Mr . Warner said , I am sorry to see a respectable man like you here on such a charge , but I hope Mr . Perry ' s leniency towards you , will induce you to return to your work , which you can do by paying the expenses , otherwise - we shall commit you . 0 . PERRY V . CADDICK . Mr . Caddick was charged with neglect of work , under a verbal agreement , on the 29 fch of June . Mr . Underhill said , this was a singular case to the last , except it was more aggravated in its nature , but if he would consent to return to his work by paying the expenses he could do so . Caddiok refused . Mr . Warner . —I am exceedingly sorry to see you here , and to take the position you do , I think Mr . Perry has acted towards you like a gentleman , and if you persevere the magistrates will commit you , therefore you had better speak to your attorney on the matter .
He did so , and agreed to go to work and pay the expenses . REMARKS . The above cases require some explanation to enable the reader to fully understand the position , as the evidence is so loose and unsatisfactory , as well as the threat to commit before the warrant was read , or any evidence produced . This mode of procedure is so contrary to our notions of justice that it ought to be brought under the nolice of the Home Department .
In the case of Sweet , he has been working under a contract for years , which not only the man , but Mr . Perry deemed cancelled in consequence of a departure from its provisions ; and as here , as in a similar case , Perry v Bladen , the magistrates only required fourteen days' notice to be given , not as a right , but as an accommodation to the employer , which the workmen generally acceded to ; yet , these magistrates , in the face of this decision , say the agreement of Sweet is still in force . The actual time the man had absented himself is not shown by the evidence ; but when I inform you , that the man finished his work at a quarter after eleven on the Monday , to attend the feast at Willinhall , where his wife then was , and that by
mlf-past twelve on the same day , two miles and a half on the road , he was seized by a constable on a special warrant for leaving his work an hour before , brought back to Wolverhampton , and incarcerated in a dirty cell , there to remain until the following day , you will at least say it was rather hard . But , by the intercession of Mr . Fleetwood with the magistrate , he was liberated late in the eveningxon bail . Caddick's position was this . He has worked for Messrs . R . and G . Perry several years , and in the week previous to Saturday , June the 29 th , Mr . Perry asked him to be hired ; the man refused , on the ground that he "intended to commence business for himself . " Mr .. Perry said he would give him till Saturday to think it over .
On that day he was again asked , and he again refused . Mr " Perry said , " Are you not satisfied with the prices ? " Caddick : "I am with some , but others are scandalous . " Perry : "If you should not commence business ( or -words to . that effect ) should you have any objection to stay twelve months ? " Caddick : "No , if things were settled ; but , as I was not hired in my younger days , I will not do so now I am gotting old . " This is the conversation ( according to Caddick ) upon which , before any evidence was adduced , he
was threatened to bo committed ; and upon which Mr . Perry received a high eulogium for mildness in not sending this man to the treadmill , on bread and water , for twenty-one days . Having recorded the facts , we leave them for the public to judge and pass sentence upon such conduot and trickery to ensnare men , and keep them as slaves to their tyranny . Law like this is mockery . The fault lies not with the justices , but fchoso who appoint them , and those who advise them . I am , your ' s repectfully , Thomas Winters .
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on tho part of those who were the b ^' -l slaves of this man , held by him for a term of year ? , ^ expire at his discretion , what , in the name of COu in ; on sense and common justice is ? " If this is not enough to movo the hearts of you , gentlemen , if this audacity will not induce you to strain a poinf , why , I must tell you plainly , that if this course of things is permitted , 1 shall be unable to undersell my neighbours in the market—I shall no longer be able to addmpre to my Btock of wealth than lean obtain by fair and honourable moans . This is a state of things I cannot endure ; and if I cannot pay what price I like for labour I must give up iny jusiness : but I am determined in this case I will __ ^^ ^ ** WOa « lai » a gaMraflalBwMw' * * *^^ — ' ¦
have Jaw , as last -week I was compelled to give way to justice , and my victim escaped ; but this week 1 wiii have law , and this man ( Haynes ) shall go to gaol . " Such is the mode of reasoning Mr . Perry's whole course of policy indicates / and which , ia fact , he adopts to realise his purposes . I am amazeft that any being should be found so lost to all shame—so utterly destitute of self-respect , as to permit himself to be arraigned before the bar oi a reflecting public , with so glaring and so unjust a case . As a Christian , how very consoling it must be to his mind when he retires to rest and reflects that , through his conduct , a man . lias beeh incarcerated in a felon ' s gaol for the un « pardonable crime of striving to obtain a fair price
for his _ industry . How sweet the thought , when gathering his family around him , to know that he has beeh the honoured instrument of tearing from a wife her only protector , and from a family its head and only support . I envy not the man's feelings who can so relentlessly hunt and prosecute a fellowman for no earthly reason than to gratify a thirst for revenge . But , sir , the picture is too sickening to look upon—too revolting for contemplation . We turn from the subject , hoping he will see the error of his doings , and . be induced to concede , and , in future , to respect the rights of his workmen a 8 he requires that they should respect hi ? , in the same manner as his own neighbour , and every other
jonourable employer is willing to do , and give " a fair . day's wage for a fair day ' s work . ' This is all that is asked tor in tho book submitted by the Tin Plate Workers to their employers . Our cry for them shall be " The book—tho whole book , and no surrender . " Wo ask no more , and we will take no less ; and for this \ ve trust the Central Committee , the men of Wolverhampton , and the whole force of the National Charter Association will be brought to bear , and continued , until they havo succeeded , and come off triumphant . I remain yours , dear Sir , On behalf of the Wire Drawers of Birmingham , Mr . Win . Peel John Holmes .
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THE WOLVEllHAMPON TIN-PLATE WORKERS . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —From a letter contained in your paper of the 14 th September , I perceive I made a slight mistake as to the case of Fenton , and I hasten to admit the propriety of Messrs . Green and Winters . My misapprehension arose in this way ; the magistrates decided that Fenton should have the alternative of being committed to prison or returning to his work . I understood he had adopted the latter course , but , on enquiry , I find he has preferred the Wolverhampton to the Stafford bastile , as the lesser evil of the two . I am , Sir , your Obedient Servant , An Esemy to Injustice . Wolverhampton , Sept . 21 , 1850 .
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WRECK OF THE SUPERB STEAMER . Southampton , Sep . 25 . —By the steamer Courier , Captain , Goodridge , just arrived from Jersey , wo have received the subjoined account of the wreck of the Superb on the Minquiers Rooks , whieh occurred on Tuesday , and which resulted in the lois of eleven persons , who perished in smooth water and in broad daylight . The particulars are drawn up by some of the survivors , ¦ wh o have reached Southampton by the Courier steamer : — " We regret to have the painful duty of announcing the loss of the steamer Superb , Captain Priaulx , and of eleven of the passengers and crew , on the Minquiers Eocks , and very near to the identical spot en which the excursion steamer Polka was run
to save the lives of the passengers a week ago . The Polka was also under the command of the same master . Tho Superb left St . Malo for Jersey afi half . past seven o clock , on Tuesday , and did not take the usual course ; but , it is believed , with a view to making a shorter passage , took the course so distressingly fatal . She struck violently at halfpast nine o ' clo ' ck a . m . on the sunken rooks , and immediately filled with water , her bows having been thrown on the rocks caused her to heel over , throwing the passengers on the starboard side of the vessel . The captain , it is said , immediately ordered the boats ( of whieh there were only two ) to be lowered , when with some half dozen he got into
one of them . This proceeding produced the greatest consternation among the passengers . The fire at the same moment was extinguished by the water , and an immediate rush was made for tho other boat ; but all who entered it found a watery grave , for there is reason to believe that the plugs were not in the boat , and they got off without an oar . The consequence yas the boat -was seen to be gradually sinking without possibility of reliof , and the countenances of those unhappy persons presented a scene of horror beyond description , for they sank shortly in smooth water . Upon the remonstrances of Mri Hamilton and others the captain returned to tho wreck , assisted on board by a
ladder from a point of the rock , not , however , until after his boat had swamped , being capsized by his leap from it . Fortunately the tide was falling fast , which soon left the ship high and dry on the rocks ; but the scene of anguish and alarm baffles description . By the exertions of the master and Mr . Hamilton , both of whom displayed great coolness , signals of distress were successfully made to the cutter Jupiter , about five or six miles off . The wind being light , two hours elapsed before she could reach us , but she succeeded in doing so , and saved the lives of all excepting those who rushed to the boat and two children , who wero un « fortunately thrown overboard by the shock as the vessel struck , tho deck having burst upward with the blow , and thus thrown them over . Tho Courier , which had just come from Shoreham , having her
steam up , came off to our assistance , with her owner , Mr . Maples , on board , and took us all from on board the cutter at about five in the afternoon ; but on approaching St . Heliers harbour in the dark , she also touched tho Oyster Rock , to the further alarm of the surviving passengers , already exhausted by their fearful sufferings . Captain Priaulx and some of the crew remained on board the cutter in the vicinity of the wreck . The cordial reception given to the ' passeDgers oiv their arrival at St . Heliers , by hundreds congregated on the pier excited the warmest thanks , and a more providential escape is perhaps hardly on record . Tho paBsengers lost were—Mr . Gossetfc , and wife , Mr . Jackson , son , and daughter , Mr . Rattenbuiy , Miss Price , Mr . Sedgwick " , Belot Cook Palmer , a fireman , and Patrick , a boy . The survivors are about forty in number . " It is due to a lad , one of the crow , to mention that ho behaved with great gallantry and courage .. When others were giving way to despair he set to work to make a raft , which he accomplished m bess than half an hour . He also ascended to the masthead to give signals . We regret we cannot give his name , but he was saved . "
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RESIGNATION OF MR . T . BROWN OF THE " EXECUTIVE . " TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Brothers , —In ' consequence of ill-health , I hereby most respectfully tender my resignation as a member of the Executive . For the honour you conferred on me I return my sincere thanks , but office has its duties as well as its honour , and finding 1 am now incapable of performing them , I , on principle , think it just to you , and to our common cause , to resign my trust . With best feelings towards my brethren in office . , and assurances to you , members of the society , that I will not cease to work , as far as in me lies , for the attainment of our righteous end , I fraternally bid you farewell as one of tho Executive . 32 , Bartholomew-close . Thomas Brown . Sept . 27 th , 1850 .
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sepxmmb 28 , 1850 ^^ . THE NQRTHE RIQTAR . £
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TO THE SECRETARY OP THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . Birmingham , Sept . 17 th , 1850 . Dear Sir , —It is very likely that , in your capacity as Central Oommittee-man of the National Association of United Trades , you meet with many cases of dispute whioh , require , on . your part , no small amount of sagacity to distinguish which of tho contending parties arc right , and which are , the most to blame ( Imean when called upon to mediate between the employer and the employed ) . We cannot for a moment suppose that it is always foand that tho workmen are entirely in the right , and that tho employer is altogether wrong ; but no
doubt you sometimes discover that both sides are a littlo tinged with selfishness . When a case of this nature occurs , it must bo exceedingly difficult to effect anything like an amicable arrangement , as both are in tho wrong , but at tho samo time are determined not to acknowledge that they are sohence the difficulty of reconciling them ; and were it not for the many proofs we have on record of your complete success in matters of this description , we should be almost ready to conclude that your task was as hopeless as it is beneficent ; but wo have seen your glorious triumphs in scores of in ^ stances of this character—so much so , that that which once appeared to us an impossibility , is rendered plain and practicable by your all-powerful
mode of action , viz . —the peaceful mode of mediation . But whatever may be the difficulties and intricacies surrounding some of the affairs with which you have to grapple , there is none- about the Wolveraampton case . Hero tho employer is so completely and palpably wrong—the workmen so positively and gloriously right , that we stand amazod at tho fool hardihood of tho man , who should suffer himself to be brought before the publie gaze , to 9 uoh magnificent disadvantage , who should behave himself m so humane and saintish a manner , sw to stand in a court of law , with teaw in his eyes , ( to make himself the more eloquent ) , for the express purpose of what ? Why , it is quite
clear , " There is a point of endurance beyond which he cannot go ; " which point is this ? He has for the last six or seven years past been in the habit—yes , the constant , the honourable and christian-likc habit—of extracting from his workmen from twenty to fifty por cent , off their weekly earnings ; " that it was as much as human nature could endure , not to tako tho hundred per cent ., but that notwithstanding he had long been at the very top of the endurance point ; yet , for all this , they ( tho men ) had the very unchristian , wiokod-nny , hellish —assurance to ask , as a price for their labour , just as much and no more , than other workmen wero receiving for the same description and quality of work , " If this is not a monstrous piece of iniquity
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A Xice PAnn' op Four . —On the 18 th inst . a person residing in the Rue des Poulies was sent for Do aid one ot his friends under curious circumstances . The latter is a farmer near Meaux , had , it appears , sold in the morning some straw for 200 f ., and was about to transact some other business , when , in the Rue llambeauteau , he met threfr comrades of his , whom he had known formerly in
Algeria . Tho farmer offered to give them a breakfast , and they all proceeded to the Rue Montorgueil foi < the purpose . They intended to eat a few dozen oysters and a cotelette , but I ' appetit vient en mangeant ; and , after twenty-two dozens of oysters had disappeared , each man took a potage and two cotelettes ; tbey then disposed of a salmi of four partridges , next two crayfish , eight roast partridges , a dessert to- match , and twenty-three bottles of wine . The bill amounted to i 97 f ., the waiter received 3 f ., and so tho 200 f . had disappeared . So far , all went well , but , having entered a cafe , they Contrived to disport about a billiard-tablo SO awkwardly that one of them broke a looking-glass . No money being forthcoming ,, the friend from the Rue dos Poulies was sent for , who redeemed tho party by paying for tho damage done .
Whale Fisuixo . —A letter from tho mate of the Alexander of Dundee , of date 23 th July ; states that seven vessels are expected to have got through the barrier of ice at the top of Melvillo Bay , viz : —The Home , with four fiah ; the Pacific , with one ; the Joseph Green , clean ; the Lord Gambier , clean ; the Regalia , clean ; tho Chieftain , ono fish ; and the American , clean . Seven vessels had come south , viz : —The Alexander , clean ; the Princesa Charlotte , ono fish ; tho Advice , clean ; the Jane , ono fish ; and the St . Andrew , clean . The other
three , of which no accounts are sent , are the I ruelove , Abrum , tho Ann , of Hull , It would appear there had only been a partial opening init ««> » " : rier , which had again shut , and proven ted tnewse mentioned vessels from % etting throi » gb . jnw that havo got throug h will Vve ^ nt in search WrS ^ s ^ mm , tt fci $ e > jf 3 ' f - > (" I i /// ' >¦ -- - « - ' it ! i Vj'W ¦ " ^ - 'v . 'i . i in i j ^ ^ d # a
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 28, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1593/page/5/
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