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AN THE PREVENTION, CURE, AND \J General character of SYPHILUS, STRICTURES,
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Affections of the PIIOSTKATE GLAiNU , VENEUEAb-nnd SCOKBTJTIC EltUI'TIONS of the face iind body , Mercurial excitement , &c , followed by amild , successful and expuditieus mode of treatment . Thirty-firBt edition , Illustrated by Twenty-Six Anatomical Engravings on Steel . New and improved Edition , enlarged to 196 pngea , ust published , prict 2 a . 6 d ; or by post , direct from the Establishment , 3 s . 6 d . In postage stamps . " THE SILENT FU 1 END , " a Medical Work on Venereal and Syphilitic Diseases , Secondary Spmptoms , Gonorrhiua . &c , with a PRESCRIPTION JFOR THEIll PIIEVENT 1 ON ; effects
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causes ; Its influence in . the restoration to health oi pursons labom-ing under the consequences which inevitably ioiiow contamination is undeniable , arid it also constitutes a certain cure fo rscurvyi scrofula , and all cutaneous crupuons . its activeprincipkf ire transmitted by the medium ot we circulating fluid throughout the entire frame , and !^? i ! " i t (^ e more minute vsssels , removing and ex . K . ¦? iV- ' course all corruptions and impurities from j |™ r , ^ 2 S ' * oa 8 ? 1 to ? etherto eradieatothe virus of SlrAnJS 'S ™ exP . it with the insensible" perspiration pj ? fn / i ^ "lc ? ef the Porei > of the skin and urine . I . S i ? . . T b 0 ttles m one &r 33 s- » by which Us . fobe hadlat the London Establishment . - ' '
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DEAFNESS . — Important Notice . — Mr . FRANCIS , the eminent aurist , who has devoted his attention solely to DISEASES of the EAR , continues to effect the most ajtonisliing cures in all those inveterate cases which have long been considered hopeless , ' and ot thirty or forty years standing , enabling the patient ' to hear a whisper , withont pain or operation , effectually removing deafness , noises in the hend , and all diseases of the aural canal . Mr . P . attends daily from 10 until G ; - at nis consulting rooms , G , Beaufort-buildings , Strand , London . Persons at a distance can state their case by letter-. Atjviee to the poor , Monday , Wednesday , and Friday , from 6 till 8 in ho evening . > '¦ •¦ ¦ ¦ . '
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IMMENSE SUCCESS OF THE NEW MODE ; OF TREATMENT . As adopted by Lallemand , liicord , Bislandes , and others , of the Hopital des Veneriens a Parts , and notu ¦ ¦ ¦ uniformly practised in this country hy WALTER DE ROOS , M . D . ; '; 35 , Ew Place , Homobn Hill , London ,
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SKIN ERUPTIONS , NERVOUS DEBILITY , SCROFULA , DISEASES OF THE BONES AND GLANDS .
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PAINS IN THE BACK , GRAVEL , LUMBAGO , RHEUMATISM , GOUT , INDIGESTION , DEBILITY , STRICTURE , GLEET , &o . . DR . DE ROOS' COMPOUND RENAL PILLS have in many instances effected a cure when all other means had failed , and as their name Renal ( or the Kidneys ) indicates , are now established by tho consent of the FACULTY as the most safe and efficacious remedy ever discovered for the above dangerous compluiuta . and diseases of the kidneys and urinary organs generally , whether resulting from imprudence or 'Otherwise , which , if neglected , frequently end in stpne of the bladder , and a lingering death ! It is an esta-
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GENERAL HATSAU -& 2 SD JUDGE LTNCH . A new Song to an old Time . By Bbn . Am- tCThe Misletoe Bough . " &U 4 teghtly the sun o ' er ^^ K And swiftly TOseTOlumes of sweet-smewuB s * S& ^ ut " SK ^ SX c ^> nere ' thc Imtcher myMn Sib old Austrian tyrant Haynau !
Here—there , in their midst , tie old miscreant His tends and Jus soul stained with innocent blood ffhe black-hearted wretch—a disgrace to mankind—The worker of deeds by the devil designed ; ¦ Rv him had been sent to a premature grave , The noble , the virtuous , the lovely , the brave . But thoug h they bave fallen ^ their names shall outlive The high-sounding titles which tyrants may give To the base villain Haynau .
He tyrant , discovered , was filled with dismay , As 3 broad hint was giren to shorten his stay ; And as his case came under Judge Lynch ' s law , He was felled to the earth with a batten of straw ; His hat , -which before had perhaps seldom been Uplifted to greet any less than a Queen , Jiow flew from his head , the hard stones to salute , As a football to bound from a coal-heaver ' s boot . What a change for the haug hty Haynau 1 The general had now had enough of the fun , And , although 'twas not brave , he determined to
run ; The brewers pursued as he fled towards the street , "Where the coal-heavers met to cut off his retreat ; ' « Here ' s the old woman-flogger , the Austrian JacK : Ketch "— , " The iackall of royalty , " "Down with the wretch 1 " These cries met his ear , while with filth from the sough , His person was daubed , till he looked black enough E ' n for a brnte like Haynau .
Then down came each drayman ' s long whip "With a crack , » i _ i O ' er the superfine coat on his highness s back ; Who , though he had oft seen the lash red with gore , , Upon his own back had ne ' r felt it before ; And one , ' mid the crowd whom he thought would have feared To touch him—now sawed with a knife at his beard . Quite frantic with Tage , to escape , then , he tried ; While the crowd hallooed after along theBankside " You old woman-flogger , Haynau !"
On , on , goe 3 the chase towards the Thames' muddy tide ; On , on , till they reach the old George in Bankside ; like a fox to his hole , in the old schemer went , Thus hoping to throw his pursuers off the scent ; But hearing the crowd a _ 3 they forced their way in , He in haste ran to hide in a filthy dust-bin ; But , his covert soon found , he was quickly hauled out , And was by his tormentors again cuffed about—In a manner quite new to Haynau .
gome strangers now sought and obtained bis release , While the landlord sent off for a troop of police ; Then conveyed him upstairs , where he sank on a bed , With his eyes filled with tears such as crocodiles shed . ^ ' The police coming in , p nt his fears at an end , "While his friends his torn garments now hastened to mend ; This done , with despatch they now bear him away , To the stans where , so well-manned , the police galley lay . And rowed off with the dirty Haynan I .
The poor Austrian tool , who exuliingly came To our land , in the height of his butchering fame , To show his contempt ( as he said with a smile ) Of the pnblie opinion of this little islelike a craven now sneaks in disguise from our shore , Among cowards to seek an asylum once more ; To be cheered by such men as the poor crazy slave , Who cut up our Queen ' s portrait to sbow himself brave—In the stvle of hi 3 master , Haynau .
Here's a health to each coal-heaver , drayman , and brewer , Who sought to give Haynan a cold water cure ; May a monster so ernel ne ' er again cross their path , JSor perform such vile deeds as that old villain hath ; 3 Jay all tyrants be humbled , whate'er their degree , Whether kings , statesmen , soldiers , or sailors they be ; May rich men be good men , and poor men be true , And each give to each what to all men is due—The chance to be happy and free !
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The Peasant War of Germany—[ La Guerre des Paysans , $ & ] By A . Weill . Paris , Amyot . Meyerbeer ' s opera La Propkele has called attention to this little work , which on its first publication dropped almost still born from the press . It has , however , merits sufficient to claim notice on its own account . Every pre-¦ rioushistorianhowever , excepting Zimmerman , had laboured to stigmatise the insurgent peaeants and their leaders as sanguinary savages , nreed to revolt by the mere thirst of blood and in view hut the
plunder , and having no object gratification of their worst passions . Zimmer man was the first who depicted the intolerable grievances under which the peasants groaned , the wrongs which they sought to redress , and the cruelties that drove them to seek revenge . M . Weill endeavours to carry their vindication farther . Being himself one of the most devoted disciples of Eourrier , he maintains that the social equality demanded by the insurgents was a viriaoas and useful principle , — and that those who were hunted to death as enemies of mankind should he regarded as
martyrs to humanity . M . Wall ' s primary error is his supposition that Socialism is a modern invention . The rhyme adopted in Wat Tyler ' s rebellion : — "When Adam delved and Eve span , Who was then the gentleman ? has been in one form or other the motto of every servile andpeasant insurrection recorded in history . M . "Weill ' s second and more grievous error is that of supposing that the enthusiasm which the desire of equality inspires in the first Instance , and which has enabled Jacquerie to
commence its career with victory , can ever become a permanent principle . There can be no order without discipline , —and there can be no discip line without a recognition of some superiority . Hence , the ruin of a Jacquerie begins at the moment of its most brilliant triumph . Disunion and distrust pervade its counsels ; every man claims to do that which seems right in his own eyes the greater part of the insurgents become disgusted by the excesses of then * companions ; and the ruling classes recover then * authority "with such facility that they accuse themselves of cowardice in having allowed it ever to he lost .
A third error must also he noted . M . Weill attributes too much to the impulse which Luther and the Reformation gave to the public mind in Germany . The war against the Castle preceded the war against the Convent ; the " Confederation of the shoe " ( Bundschuh )—so called because the peasants were forbidden to wear boots or busking , —and the revolt of the " Poor Conrad" ( the Jacques BonJiomme of Germany ) preceded the preaching of Luther ; secret societies to obtain redress or revenge were formed by the peasants in Alsace aad in Southern Germany a centnry before Luther "wasDorn .
Having pointed out these errors , we proceed to extract some characteristic incidents of the great Peasant "War , selecting those which have been either slightly glanced at or entirely omitted by modern historians . The origin of the war was curious : — Henry of Einsidel seeing that his peasants were impoverished by the forced labours then extorted from vassal 9 , felt suchremorse of conscience that he wrote to Luthgr inquiring if it were not a sin to exact their time and toil from these poor wretches withont any compensation . Luther ' s reply is characteristic . The great reformer wrote back that "he might maintain the system with a safe conscience , since social order required that the serf should be heavily burtheaed lest like Jeshurun he should wax
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fat and kick . " This reply is still preserved in the royal archives- of Stuttgardt , and it requires no commentary . Helena , Countess of Lupfen , adopted Luther ' s advice . She suppressed even the holidays allowed to the peasants , and enjoined that they should spend the Sunday in gathering wood strawberries for the ladies ot her court , and collecting snail shells to make pellets and bobbins . Apparently trifling as this circumstance is it was the cause of a general conflagration . It was the drop of water which causes the vessel to overflow . On the day faTandkick . " This reply is still preserved in the
appointed for the collection of snsuls and strawberries the peasants from several villages , assembled ; and having chosen John Mnller for their chief , they declared to the Count that they were resolved to become free men ; and that they would no longer yield him vassalage or obedience . On the first day , August 24 , 1524 , their number was about six hundred . Before the end _ of a fortnight , being joined by several of the lower grade of the middle class , they mustered four thousand , and took the name of the Evangelical Confederation .
The chief of the insurrection was Thomas Munzer , from Avhose character Scribe' has taken some of the leading traits ascribed to his Prophet . He published a manifesto proclaiming the wrongs of the peasants , and demanding a Charter of Freedom consisting of "twelve articles . These articles were everywhere adopted by the insurgents . "We quote the Alsatian verson of them as the most energetic and concise : — ; 1 . The gospel shall be preached according to the truth , and not according to the interests of priests
and nobles . 2 . We shall pay no more , tithes small or -Treat . 3 . The rate of interest shall be reduced to five per cent . 4 . All waters shall bo free . 5 . AJ 1 forests shall be common property . 6 . Game laws shall be abolished . 7 . There shall be no more serfs or vassals . S . We shall elect onr own rulers and take for sovereign whom we please . 9 . We shall be judged by onr peers . 10 . Our magistrates shall be " elected and deposed by ourselves . 11 . Taxes shall no longer be levied on successions . 12 . All commons inclosed by the barons shall be restored to the commonalty , *
Munzer had acquired some reputation as a scholar and a preacher , when he undertook the defence of the Anabaptists againBt Luther . He did not formally adopt the opinions of those sectaries , but he availed himself of the service of their preachers to spread his doctrines of social equality throughout Europe . He claimed the authority of a prophet ; and placed under ban all nobles , knights , and priests who did not consent to resign their privileges and join the Evangeligal Alliance . The insurrection burst forth in several provinces at the same time , and fearful atrocities were perpetrated by the infuriated
peasants . Jaquet , who had been originally an inn-keeper , was the most merciless of their chiefs . It was he who presided over the massacre of the nobles made prisoners at Weinsberg—a scene which Weill has described with some dramatic power , while he has still preserved the fidelity of a historian : — ¦ They brought the prisoners into the midst of a circle " to hear their sentence read . It was brief ; " Death to all ! " It was resolved that they shoulc perish by a barbarous kind of punishment called " thelance : hunt" ( Lanz&njagen ); it was a chastisement usually reserved for deserters . The
soldiers formed a double lino with presented lances ; the condemned was forced to march through these ranks , each soldier striking at him in succession until he fell under their repeated blows . Jaquet gave the sigDal , and the hedge was formed , then taking off his hat in cruel mockery— " Count Louis of Holfenstein , " he said , " as you are the chief you must lead off the dance . " At this instant the countess , who was the natural daughter of the emperor , bnrst through the crowd , and threw herself at Jaquet ' s knees , crying " Pardon , pardon , for my hnsband ! " " Pardon ! " replied Jaqnet , with a satanic grin , " you love your husband , then ! Well , listen to me . Four years ago I loved a young girl
named Mary Jane . She supported herself by gathering wood in the forests during winter and fruit in summer . One Sunday she was seized in a forest belonging to a cousin-merman of your husband and dragged to the csstle . He recited a tale of horrible brutalities , and added— " She was thrown into a dungeon to prevent her revealing such infamies . Do you understand now , countess , why your husband must die ? " Then spurning the lady so violently that she fell backwards , he placed his knee on her breast , and said , " Look here , friends ! this is my vengeance for Mary Jane ! Ho , countess of Holfenstein , daughter of an emperor , the peasant Jaqnet has placed his knee upon your breast . "
" Pardon I pardon 1 " was still the cry of the halfstifled countess ; but the peasants drowned her voice by reciting the various insults and injuries they had received from the count , and one of them hurling his sabre ather , wounded her "child in the arm . . " Come , connt , make ha 9 te , " exclaimed Jaquet , " you must not see the . light of another sun . " " Stop , " cried Melchior Ifonnenmacher , formerly a musician in the service of the count , " during the years that 1 diverted you with music at table , I learned what was your favourite air ; and I am now going to gratify you by playing it for your last dance . " He then snatched off the count's plumed hat , which he placed on his own head , and
preceded him , playing the air which was a kind of galop-waltz , dancing in mockery until he reached the line of soldiers . By Jaquet ' s order the countess was held up between two men to witness her husband ' s death . She saw him fall pierced by more than twenty lances , and uttering so loud a shriek that Jaquet himself was moved . She fell in a swoon . * * They stripped off her robes and jewels , gave her the rags of a mendicant , and placed her in a dung cart drawn by a bullock ,, to . be conveyed to Heilbronn . " You entered . Weinsberg , " said Jaquet to her , " in a gilded chariot , you leave
it in a dung cart ; tell that to your father the emperor , arid give him my compliments . " But the pious and courageous lady replied , " I have been a sinner , and probably I deserve my fate . Christ , our Saviour , also entered Jerusalem on Palm Sunday amid the acclamations of the populace , and soon after was led to be crucified amid the hisses and cries of the same people . He will grant me consolation . I forgive yon , and I pray that God may grant you penitence and pardon . " She was conveyed to Heilbronn , holding her wounded child in her arms ; she vowed to devote him to monastic life , and soon after ended her days in aconvent .
This atrocity , some of the revolting details of which we have omitted , excited horror throughout all Germany . No part of it aroused so much indignation as the cruel mockery of Nonnemakcher ; and strict orders were given that he should he taken alive if possible , in order that he might be put to death by some cruel torture . The greater part of the insurgents condemned Jaquet ' s cruelty ; and to prevent the recurrence of such enormities they resolved no longer to have peasants for their leaders . They chose for then * chief commander "theknightof the iron hand , " Goetz of Berlichengea . He was at once' their chief and their prisoner ; for the very persons who had elected him suspected—what was in fact the truth—that he would take ah opportunity of sacrificing them to ' the interests of his order .
Among the strange personages who figured in this insurrection , history and legend have equally given prominence to "the black witch " Hofmann ; who used to rip open the bodies of the nobles for the purpose of procuring materials for compounding her charms ;—She was the daughter of a wandering gipsy , who abandoned her in the village of Boekingen near Heilbronn ; where from her tender years she supported herself by tending goats and oattle . The villagers of Boekingen had right of pasture on a large common between the town and the village . One day the townsfolk came out in a body and attempted to impound the cattle of which she had charge ,
under the pretence that the common belonged exclusively to Heilbronn . The young woman made a fierce resistance , and wounded two men before she was forced by numbers to abandon her charge . Thenceforth she vowed implacable hatred to the nobles and the burghers , especially those of Heilbronn . She turned sorceress , or fortune-teller . Daring thirty years she predicted the overthrow of the higher classes , and rarely opened her mouth but to curse them . She was another Egeria to Jaquet ; and so soon as he formed his horde , she inrolled
herself as a member , and never quitted it . Robed ifl W » efc , with a red girdle round her loins , she was always foremost in the charge ; freely exposing herself to the balls , —which she declared that she had blinded ( that was her expression ) by her spells . During the attack on Weinsberg , she was posted on a rising ground in front of the ramparts ; and with her hands lifted to heaven , she ceased not to exclaim "Kill ! slay ! slaughter ! upon them ! spare not 1 no quarter ! I , mother Hofmann , the envoy of Uoa , bless your arms . Courage ! God wills it !"
Nonnenmacher , Jaquet , and Hofmann , were made prisoners when Weinsberg was retaken hy the Imperialists . They were roasted to death before a slow fire , and the agony of the musician is said to have been protracted for more than an hour . Evea this revenge did not appear ; sufficient . Weinsberg was burnt to the ground ; and the Archduke Ferdinand ,
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to whonj . it . belonged , ordered that it should remain in ruins as a memorial of the crimes of Jaquet . ' : ( : ; v M , Weill labours hard to prove that Munzen was the hero and martyr of Socialism : it is > however , impossible to read the record of . his brief reign at Mulhause in Thuringia without seeing that it was a very different Socialism from the system which goes hy that name in England . It is enough to quote part of the circular which he addressed to the peasants of Thuringia : — to whomit . belonged , ordered " that it should
Dear Brethren . How long- -will ye slumber , and when will ye listen to the voice of God ? flow often have I told you that it must be so ? God has manifested himself . You must arise and remain standing . If you will not suffer for the love of God , you must become the martyrs of the devil . * * * Wherever you are three in number , God will be with you , and you need not fear myriads of the impious . On them , then , on , on . The wicked are
cowardly dogs . Show no mercy to the fawning words of Esau ; have no compassion of the wicked . They will pray , they will supplicate ; they will shed tears like children , but I say to you smite them , smite , smite , as God said to Moses . * * ¦ * You must exterminate them , and not allow the sword of justice to grow cold . It is impassible that the word of "God should flourish among you so long as a priest or noble remains upon the earth .
M . Weill adds his approval of this policy ih the following comment;—Our readers will see that Munzer was resolved to hold no terms with his enemies . It was on the charnel-house of the ancient world that he hoped to raise his new system . He knew the people ; which though a thousand times deceived , suffers itself to be cajoled by flattering speeches . He wished to end the struggle by a single blow . It was not the arms of the nobles that he feared , but their craft , their falsehood , their stratagems , and their treasons . The issue of the war proved thathe was right .
The issue of the war might prove' the correctness of his fears , but it not the less completely ' exhibited the futility of attempting to cope with the nobles by such means as he adopted . We candidly confess that we have not the slightest faith in the permanence of any victory won by the masses by mere brute force and bloodshedding . With one brilliant exception , all experience is against such a result ; and , in that case , the exceptional causes are so clear that it would be work of supererogation to point them out . The Revolution of the Provinces of North America does not fall within the category of a " Peasant War . "
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Gleanings in the West of Ireland . By the Hon . and Rev . S . Godolphin Osborne . London : Boone . No reader of the Times can be ignorant of the name of Mr . Sidney Godolphin Osborne . Commencing in that paper a vigorous correspondence in behalf of the English labourer , he proceeded to a series of articles on that of the Irish , with so much detail and regularity that this honourable and reverend gentleman was believed to be the paid commissioner of the paper , and has been actually addressed as a penny-a-liner . The present volume consists of Mr , Osborne ' s Irish correspondence in the Times , with various additions .
Of the fearful detail of miseries described in these pages , we shall take no account . The horrors are so well known by this time , that we have nothing to gain hy the repetition . But we must take the opportunity of enforcing the moral of the conduct of the Irish landlords . Then" strange proceedings have constantly been the subject of amusement , we must for once beg the reader to pause over it with the gravity which becomes the immense influence which that conduct has exercised . Earl y in his tour , Mr , Osborne visits an " encumbered estate : "—
The railroad to connect Dublin and Galway goes through Balinasloo , and the contractors are hard at work at it . I had an opportunity on my return through this place , of paying a visit , with a friend who had bought it , to an " encumbered estate " lately sold under the powers of the much talked-of " Act . " It was a beautiful specimen of the effect of negligence and extravagance ; the house — " mansion" I suppose an auctioneer would call itwas at least as lunch " out at elbows " as its late proprietor ever could have been . It was an epitome in itself , of all one ever read of the " Rack Rent "
school of property . It proved that the caricaturist must , let his talent be what it may , find himself at fault when he endeavours to pourtray the condition ot an Irish ^ mansion sinking under such extravagance . On asking at the lodge where the iron jates were , we were told that Mr . 0 . B , the late proprietor had sold them . The tenantry were quite in keeping in personal appearance , and in the repair and nature of their dwellings with the— -mansion . I confess I could not but think that my friend must have had a very strong possessorial fit upon him , when he consented to encumber himself , at his own cost , with such a possession .
The experience of the completion of his journey suggests to him such considerations as the following : — It is said the tenantry , i . e . the peasantry , are "lazy . '' Ifow , how have they been made so ; and who have been the gainers by their sloth ! Can anything be more in opposition to every feeling and habit of industry than the rearing a people on a food—the potato—cultivated with the least possible pains , harvested with very little trouble , and cooked by the simplest and cheapest of all processes ? A stack of turf , a potato heap , a cabin , and a pig , formed all the small holder required . With very little labour in the season he planted his potatoes , cut and stacked the turf ; by a little more labour at another season he dug and pitted the potatoes ; selling some , he bought his pig ; fattening the Big from the others , he paid his rent with it ;
he made a little more by working for larger holders or his landlord , at their harvest ; he had still time enough left on his hands to confirm him in lazy , idle habits . And yet , with such a population , from the rent of SHch holdings , the owners of land reaped enormous incomes ; were content to encourage the system , so long as it kept up their incomes ; nay , more than this , were for ever causing or conniving at a still further subdivision of property ; thus they became men of importance—lords over an almost countless peasantry . Their jointure deeds , their marriage settlements , their establishments , were on a wild princely scale . Rack-rents were still paid ; they went on spending , as if potato ground and peasant breeding could have no limit in its profitable returns ; they got in debt—deeply in debt ; leased out more land at high sums , to be minutely subdivided into heavy rented small holdings .
Often as it has been noticed , we once more beg attention to thisgraphic sketch of the system under which the tenantries are managed : — To whom the estates in this part of the world in justice belong , I cannot say ; the aoting owners are agents , and sub-agents ; the professed owner may now and then be found on his estate , but is then but top often i mere cipher there ; in general he is an absentee . An agent for an Irish property seems only to have one duty to fulfil , as between him and the owner , in which the said owner takes any interest—viz ., to get all the rent he can , paying himself a percentage , and remitting the rest , with as little deduction for expenses of any kind as possible . Occasionally , instead of an agent , there iaa " receiver "in Chancery . It is not often that these vicarious owners live on the property ; they again bave their deputies , who do : these may be what are called drivers—or some man , a class above themwho again employs a driver or two .
, The owner expects the rents , minus the agency and unavoidable deductions , to be paid ¦ ¦ to his banker ; the agent through his sub , or the drivers , expects those rents to be collected . Now even rack-rents could not sustain this amount of official taxation . Whilst the owner may ba any . where he may choose , with no further interest in the estate than receiving what dividend it will pay , after the agency and unavoidable drawbacks , interest on bonds , &c ., are paid . The agent haa a good deal of trouble , and for that gets very high costs . 1 only wish 1 could have obtained a copy for the press , of a not over-harsh agent ' s bill , for even only one year . Ingenious as a lawyer ' s bill ever is , and must be , the books of an Irish attorney agent are really quite ouriositles . I don't wonder that fftcy get ™<* , that they are first creditors on so many an estate ; evictionslevel
that they like processes , decrees , , - lings , consolidation of farms , < fcc , &o .-tbese are the grist of their mills ; the agency per centage--they don't always get it—is a mere bagatelle to the direct , indirect profits of an agency . The resident land-leech—i . e . the driver , has on his part also , no idea of living on his salary alone . Lands are notoriously let by competition , the driver ' s good word , if he is " a tight hand , will go a great way with the agent ; there are ways of rarchasing that word . Is a tenant in arrear ? the dreaded driver is to be soothed , to obtain a little time ; that is an expensive process , for another tenant may be soothing in his way , to get m , It the ; ermnt in arrear should be ejected . A tenant , seeiDg le cannot hold on at the rack-rent , with poor-rate . Ac , meditates a flight to America , after realising
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thi Ii I ? h J olding : there is a apeciea of ophmpn ? tv £ ^ bufc Pro duced , ; by golden oint ZiJ Wb ! , W 1 'l often make a : driver , so blind / that anoh Jm , i t 0 8 Wear . "that he never dreamed of "S ?? dM ' that Phil . Moriarty should be wei bolting of that fashion !¦ wasn't he after him ine moment he heard of it ? but the cunning rascal , w ! l S ? on e en * " -ely . " Does the agent order « fnn t ersJ ° be Put-upon : some ' defaulting ' tenant ' s stock ; the dnver . sends a cousin or two at 2 a . 6 d . LV * ' u - paid by > the victira i 8 uch cougin ' s usual earnings being , perhaps Gd . or 8 d . a day ; some ininKmy COUSin the kflmifii . Ka « * a two th * nnnsin all he has ^ nTiTi ^;^ . ^ .-- :- ,. _ . « ...,
the driver half of this , for the appointment . inese drivers are chosen from a reckless class , and have at - their command a band of assistants , who from foar or by bribes , are ready to do anything they put them to ; they will level or burn the house of their own brother , if ; the driver orders it . Elsewhere we are told o ' f the utter want of sympathy between the landlord and his tenant . The latter , however injured , cannot reach his chief ; if he applies to ; see him , he is driven away with the exclamation ; "What is the use of my paying an agent , if I am to be pestered with my tenants in this way ?"
Add to these traits the truth of the novel writing delineation : pf the Irish landlord in private life , and the problem of Irish misery is not difficult of solution . Mr . Osborne has studied famine and its effects , not only with the eye of a philanthropist , but as a very anatomist . There is horrible particularity jn what he writes . Witness the following : —; Frora my own expedience last year and on the present occasion , Lean vouch that starvation in Ireland has its own distinct external physical , phenomena . • . ¦ i . ¦ . .... .
In grown-up persons , besides an amount of , attenuation which seems to have absorbed all appearance of flesh or muscle , and to . havo left the bones of the frame barely covoyed with some covering , which has but little semblance to anything we should esteem to be flesh ; the skin ' of all the limbs assumes a peculiar character : it is rough to the touch , very dry , and did it not hang in places in loose folds , would be more of the nature of parchment than anything else with which I can compare it . The eyes are much sunk into the head , and have a
peculiar dull painful look ; the shoulder bones are thrown up so high , that the column of the neck seems to have sunk , as it were , into the chest ; the face and head , from the wasting of the flesh , and the prominence of the bones , have a skull-like appearance ; the hair is very thin upon the head ; there is over the countenance a sort of pallor , quite distinct from that which utter decline of phyr sical power generally gives in those many diseases in which life till seonfcinues after the almost entire consumption of the muscular parts of the body . " . : :
In the case of the starved young-and we saw many hundreds—there are two or three moat peculiar characteristic marks , which distinguish them from tho victims of other mortal ills . The hair on a starved child's head becomes very thin , often leaves the head in patches , what there is of it stands up from the head ; over the whole brow in many instances ; over the temples in almost' all , a thick sort of downy hair grows , sometimes so thickly as to be quite palpable to the touch ; The-skin over thechest bones and upper part of the stomach is stretched so tight , that every angle and curve of the sternum and ribs stand out in relief . No words can describe the appearance of the arms . From below the elbow the two bones ( the radius and ulna )
seem to be stripped of every atom of flesh ; If you take hold of the loose skin within' the elbow joint , and lift the arm by it , it comes away in a large thin fold , as though you had lifted one side of a long narrow bag , in which some loose bones , had been placed ; if you place the forefinger of your hand under the chin , in the angle of the } aw-bone , you find the whole base of the mouth , so to speak , so thin , that you could easily conceive it possible , with a very slight pressure , thus to force the tongue into the roof of the mouth ; between the fingers there are sores ; very often there is anasarcous swelling of the ancles ; in the majority of famine cases there is either dysentery or chronic diarrhfna . , ¦ ; .
There is one comfort to be found in these sad cases—there does not appear to be great present pain . I have now walked ; in the course of my two tours , I should suppose , some miles of infirmary wards in the unious houses in'Ireland ; wards often very thickly crowded , almost always sufficiently full . It has never been my lot to hear one single child , suffering [ from famine or dysentery , utter a moan of pain . I have seen many in the very act of death ; still , not a tear , not a cry . I have scarcely ever seen one endeavour to change his or her position . I have never heard one ask for food , for water , for anything . ; Two , 'three , or four in a bed , there they lie-and die ; if suffering , still ever silent , unmoved .
It is , however , gratifying to learn , on the authority of Mr . Osborne , that ia the midst of all this misery that hope iB dawning , that education is progressing , that agriculture is improving , that great experiments are being tried , that the new colleges are doing good , that railroads facilitate commerce , that a better spirit is abroad in the country . All this is well . But all this , and a thousand times as much , is nothing—absolutely nothing—without a good , careful , sober , intelligent landlordism . The first , second , and third causes of Ireland ' s evils have been the strange mixture of recklessness and hardheartedness , with many exceptions , no doubt , amongst her landlords ; and the only cure—let England and the world do what they will—the only cure for her most wretched condition is a different line of proceeding in that class from whom all the rest , in countries like Ireland most especially , take their tone . .
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" You ' re a hard customer , " as the man said when he ran against a lamp post . Why is type-setting beneficial to a nervous man ? —Because he can compose himself ; " Mother , " said a little fellow , " I am tired of this pug nose > it is growing pugg ' er and pugger every day . . '" . . ¦ On a board attached to a house in Perth , is the following : — " Half ajto « to be soldin the area . " "What are the chief ends of man ? " asked a Sunday-school teacher of one of his pupils . " Head and feet , " was the prompt reply . The teacher fainted . The man who got drunk on small beer , and then undertook to cut < his throat with a red-herring , has had his sentence commuted . Convent Property in Ireland . —The Anglo-Celt , Cavan paper , says , " The present convent property in Ireland is stated to be worth upwards of
£ 700 , 000 . " In Mr . Baguely's garden , Westgate , Southwell , there is a fuchsia plant which has a flower measuring eight inches in length and five in circumference . . A Quick Reply . —A mathematician being asked by a wag , " If ; a pig weighs 200 pounds , how much will a large hog weigh ? " he replied , "Jump into the scales and'I will tell you immediately . " "Tedb-y , me boy , jist guess how many cheese there is in this bag , an' faith I'll give ye the whole fire . " "Five , " said Teddy . " Arrah ! by my sowl bad luck to the man that tould ye !" Vegetable Oanules . —A very worthy grocer put
up a sign of " Vegetable Candles . Some one asked him why he did so ? "They are tallow candles , " said the grocer . ¦ ' Is tallow a vegetable substance ? ' ' pursued the inquirer after knowledge . "Of course it is—don ' t sheep eat grass ?" "You want a flogging , that's what you want , " said a parent to an unruly son . " I know it , dad ; but I'll try to get along without it , " said the independent brat . ¦ . ¦¦ An American quack boasts of having relieved a woman of two snakes , or eels . One of them " was extricated with much difficulty , " its tail being " coiled round the liver !"
The art of p leasing consists in being ; pleased . To be amiable is to be satisfied with one ' s self and others . Good humour is essential to pleasantry . In society good temper and amicable spirits are almost everything . The British Empire— "The British empire , sir , " exclaimed a John Bull to Jonathan , " is one on which the sun never seta . " " And one , " replied Jonathan , " on which the tax-gatherer never goes to bed . " Slow and Fast . —A gentleman , met another in the street , who was ill of consumption , and accosted him thug ;— " Ah , my friend , you walk slow . " "Yes , " replied the man , "but lam going /««« . " There is an Irishman . near Ormskirk whose
brogue has degenerated into the Lancashire dialect . Fifteen years ago he used to say , " Good evening , your honour . " He now says , " Good neet , owd gentleman . " In Aberdeen , the streets are swept every day , at an annual cost of £ 1 , 400 , and the refuse brings in £ 2 , 000 a year . In Perth , the scavenging cost £ 1 , 300 per annum , and the manure sells for £ 1 , 730 . Trnt Census . — " An Act to take the senses of the People , ' well I vow , " said Mrs . Partington , " if things ain ' t coming to a pretty pass ; these Legislatures want to take everything away from a body—1 think they might have left the senses alone , there 6 precious little of 'em to spare , anyhow ; " go saying , the old lady dropped her specs , and relapsed into a profound melancholy . ¦ '
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The Harvest in-America . ;—Accounts from every of the United States confirm the already announced fact , that the grain harvest of 1850 has beenbyfarthe most abundant on record . It is computed that the wheat produced will not be much less than 200 , 000 , 000 bushels ; while that of the Indian corn is estimated at 700 , 000 , 000 . An Industrious Woman . —Talk of your pantomimes and gaudy shows—your processions , and installations , and coronations 1 Give me , for a beau ? tiful sight , a neat and smart woman , heating her oven and setting in the bread 1 And , if the bustle does make the sign of labour glisten on her brow , where is the man that would not kiss that off , rather , than kiss the plaster from a duchess ? . . . .
PyjiLiOHousEs in Liverpool . —The number of public-houses in Liverpool is 1 , 480 , and of beershops 700 , or in all 2 , 180 . Taking the population at 350 , 000 , this is one public-house or beershopto every 160 individuals , men , women , and children . Taking each family to amonnt to four persons , there is one publichouse or beershop to every forty adult males . The Session op 1850 . —The number of days on which the Housel ' of Commons satduring the last session was 129 . The total number of hours occupied by the sittings was 1 , 104 of which 1081 were after midnight . The average time of sitting per diem was 8-hours 33 } minutes . The total number of entries in the votes during the lnst session was 8 . 571 .
A marvellous story is related in the Coleraine Chronicle . A poor man being pressed for tbe amount of certain sureties , and haying no money , declared that he . would dig in the earth for the amount . He commenced digging in his cottage , and after digging some time , turned up in the presence of many spectators a large quantity of crowns , lialf crowns , shillings , and sixpences , which , on being washed and counted , were found to amount to more than £ 40 . Catholicism in America . —There are in the United States at the present time twenty-seven Roman Catholic bishops , thirty dioceses , 1 , 081 priests , 1 , 073 churches , seventeen colleges , twenty-nine ecclesiastical seminaries , ninety-one female academies , besides numerous orphan schools and asylums . The entire Roman ^ Catholic population of this' country is estimated , by the best authorities , at three millions .
• Cracked Before , —Mrs . Brougham , mother of the ex-Chancellor , says an Edinburg friend , was a most excellent and thrifty housewife . On one occasion she was much-troubled with a servant addicted to dish breaking , and who used to allege , in extenuation ofher fault , "it was crackit before . " One morning lit : le Harry tumbled down stairs , when the fond mother , running after ; him , exclaimed , " Oh , boy . ! have you broke your head ? " " No , Ma , " said the future Chancellor , it was crackit before . "—Glasgow Daily Mail . ' ¦ .
After the battle of Essling , the French soldiers were in a state of the greatest destitution , without shelter , clothing , or even , food for the wounded . Larrey , the chief of the medical staff , seized on all the spare saddle-horses that he could find , and converted ; them into , excellent soup fof his patients , using tbe cuirasses of the heavy cavalry instead ; of pots . The generals and officers complained to the Emperor , who summoned Larrey before him . " You have ; " said the great man , , " presumed to make soup for your patients ef my pfficers ' s horses . " " I have , sire , " replied Larrey . " Well , sir , " said Napoleon , ¦ * ' I therefore promote you to the rank of a Baron of the Empire . " .. -.. ¦ ¦
A Frightful Contingency . —A farmer from the neighbourhood of Galston took his wife to see the wonders of the ' microscope , which happened to be exhibiting in Kilmarnuck . The various ciiriositiea seemed to please the good woman very well , till the animalcule contained in a drop of water came to be shown off . These seemed to poor Janet not so very pleasant a sight as the others . She sat patiently , however , till the " water tigers , " magnified to the eize of twelve feet , appeared on the sheet , fighting with their usual ferocity . Janet bow rose in great trepidation , and cried to her husband , " For gudesake , come awa , John . " " Sit still , woman , " said John , " and see the show . " " See the show !—gude keej » us a' man , what wad come o ' us if the awfu ' -like brutes wad break out o' the water ?" Advocating fob Hire—Mr .- Ward once , while
at the bar , was repaid by thanks that were somewhat ill-timed . He had defended a prisoner at York , for horse-stealing , at that time a capital offence , and one in which , if many horses happened to have been lately missing , the law was , according to the policy of the day , not unfrequently allowed to take its course . No speech was then permitted for the defence ; but , by a cross examination , now cautious , now puzzling , now insinuating , and by occasional observations thrown out in the course of it , according
to the then most approved fashion , lie managed to make such an impression on the jury that they acquitted his client . After the assizes , he had to travel by a stage-coach on his way home . The first person he saw seated just opposite to him was he for whom lie bad made such exertions . The acquitted felon grasped both his hands with fervour . " 1 ' semooch obloige to you , Coonsellor Ward , " said he ; " I ' se mooch , obloige to you , but , " winking bis © ye , he added , "I doot I was gutlty though !" - « Memoir of 11 , Plumcr Ward . . . ,
A Man who had been sent to Exeter gaol on a charge of horse-stealing , has committed suicide , by hanging himself in his cell . TnB Dkvil ' s Fruit . —Potatoes were first introduced at Moscow by a Mr . Rowland , about sixty years ago . At first , the people would neither plant nor touch them , saying they were the Devil's fruit , given to him on his complaining to God that he had no fruit , when he was told to search in the earth for Bomo , which he did , and found potatoes . A curious Berwickshire legend , which , however , is palpably anachronical , attributes the introduction of potatoes into Scotland to that famous wizard of the north . Sir Michael Scott . The wizard and the devil being in partnership , took a lease of a farm on the Mertoun estate , called Whitehouse . The wizard was to manage the tarra ; the devil advanced the capital .
The produce was to be divided as follows :- —The first year , Sir Michael was to have , all that grew above the ground , and his partner all that grow below ; the second year , their shares were to bo just the opposite way . His satanic majesty , as is usual in such cases was fairly overreached in his bargain ; for the wizard cunningly sowed all the land the first year with wheat , and planted it with potatoes the second ; so that the devil got nothing for his share but wheat stubble and potato tops ; and his scourging rotation Sir Michael continued , until he had not only beggared his partner , but exhausted' the soil . In spite of this legend , however , we must continue to give credit to Sir Walter Raleigh for having been the introducer of potatoes into this country . The first that tried them , we are told , fell inte the very natural mistake of eating the apples , and disregarding the roots . —The Agricultural Magazine .
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OCTOBER 5 , 1850 . T HE NORTHERN STAR . _ _ . U
An The Prevention, Cure, And \J General Character Of Syphilus, Strictures,
AN THE PREVENTION , CURE , AND \ J General character of SYPHILUS , STRICTURES ,
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 5, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1594/page/3/
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