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THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, «S>50.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TOUTED " PATRIOTS' AND PATRIARCHS' BENEFIT' SOCIE'CY U Enrolled pursuant to 10 Geo . IV , c , SB , 4 & 5 WilL IV . c . , & * & 10 Vic . c . 27 .-Institutea , Mi Fob ., 1843 . The ^ sdirldedintosix s ^^^ labours , from fifteen years of ajse to forty-five . This Society consists of above two . woiuand mamhm , Wl fias a Sl . cba . a of 2 , 6221 . lS =. 9 d . having paid the ^^ SJ ^ U ° ^ w \ TaWi ^^^ ' 5 , 703 . Ss . 10 a . Fuaerals , 1 , 3821 . SHperannuation , 301 . ( to . * I . Fire , 3 M . ^/| 4- a oi ^ ^ 59 HV ^^ aer can Tie following is the SCALE OF FEES to be paid at entrance : 3 s . must be m j » ™™ g ™ remainder can . extend over aperiod of six - ^ ' M ^^^^ 9 . ^; :: Ase 1 st section . 2 nd section . jrasewiuii . »»» m 2 s oj-Froml 5 - to 32 .... £ 05 s . 2 d . .... » & «¦ .. " » ff . V . Vi f f Zfo t f """ no ^ iitted - 2 = - ^ ¦ —• ¦ ? , i I " . " Hi '" 0 0 2 .... 0 8 8 .... 0 8 2 .... over , - oG-, 0 .... 010 2 .... .. 0 9 8 .... « g . _ ow 2 . 018 2 twestyyears TMrdditto * I * I KhdUto V ^ . 10 0 0 .... 5 0 0 l ^ nh ditto 9 6 | » Fifthditto .... 6 0 0 .... 3 0 0 Fifthdico 7 O * » ^ V ^ . o in n .... none Sixth )
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XATIOXAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Office . . 14 , Southampton-street , Strand . THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE hereby announce the following meetings : — On Sunday October 13 th , the adjourned meeting of the Democratic Conference will be held in the Coffeeroom ef the John-street Institution . Chair to be taken at three o ' clock in the afternoon . # On Sunday evening , ( same date ) the Metropolitan Delegate Council -will meetai the King and Queen , Foley-Etreet , Portland-place . Chair to be taken at half-past six o ' clock ; and Ur . John Fussel will also lecture as above . To commence at half-past tight o ' clock . On the same evening Mr . Wheeler wfll lecture at the Bricklayer ' s Arms , Tonbridge-street , Kew-road . OnMonday evening , October lith , a public meeting will beheld at the City Hall , 25 , Golden-lane Barbican . Se-Teralfriends to Democratic and Social Refc-m are expected to attend . Chair to be taien at tight o ' clock Signed on behalf of the Committee , JoffiJ Absoit , General Seiretary .
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" TO TAILORS . By approbation of Her Majesty , Queen Victoria , and H . B . B . Tnncs Albert .
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THE BLOOD Our lodies Mve lecn entirely formed , art now forming , and will continue to le built up during Lfc from tiie Blood . This leing the case , the grand object is toicep tliis precious fluid ( the blood J in a pure and ' heoiih y state , for tsitJiout tlihpurity , disease will show itself in some tcay or tfie other .
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It , is universally admitted i ltat this Medicine will purify the Blood better than any otlier , and will conqv . tr Disease .
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The Tea Tiudb , OCT . 7 . -Tne deliveries of tea in the metropolis were , iasfc week , d 73 , 09 Slbs ., being larger tbsn for afortnight previously .
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Education for the Millions , THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED , 2 To . XXI . of " THE NATIONAL , INSTRUCTOR . " PRICE ONE PENNYThe object of the Proprietor , Feargds O'Connor , Esq ., 3 LP ., is to place within the reach of the poorest classes that Political and Social Information of which they are at present deprived by the Government " Taxes on Knowledge . " SIXTEEN LARGE OCTAVO PAGES , Price One Penny . CONTENTS OP No . XXI . Working-Class " Co-Operative Societies . The Secret . Parental Education . life and Adventures of Feargus O'Connor . Field-lane Criminal Manufactories . Now Ready , THE FIFTH MONTHLY PART , Stitched into a Wrapper . Price Foui'penee . CONTENTS OF PART V . The French Newspaper Press . "Who'll be a Soldier ? The Secret . { Continued . ) Life and Adventures of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . [ Continued . )' The Revolution in Vienna , and the Death of Robert Blum . Gleanings . The Heroism of Humble Life . The Bridge of Westminster . Rambles in Sehleswig Holstein . A Gossip with Longfellow , the American Poet The British Newspaper Press . Population and Employment . The Two Wishes . The Lord Mayor ' s Dinner . The True Romance . Science and History for the People : Astronomy . SIXTY -FOUR LARGE PAGES , PRICE 4 PENCE . Orders and Advertisements to be sent addressed £ o the office of the Northern Star , London ; or to A . Heywood , Manchester ; W . Love , and G . Adams , Glasgow ; Robinson and Co ., Edinburgh ; J . Sweet , Nottingham ; J . Guest , Birmingham . The " N-ATioxix Isstbuctor" ¦ will be supplied bj all the London Booksellers and XeWs-agentS .
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NOTICE . A WEST RIDING DELEGATE ? XX JIEETIMSTvillhe held on Sunday , October 20 th , at Mr . Hartley's , Temperance Hotel , Manchester-road , Bradford , at Eleven o'clock in the Forenoon , for the purpose of electing a f ecretary aud treasurer . Also , to take into consideration the suggestion ef Mr . O'Connor , on the propriety of holding a Conference in Manchester on an early day ; and , also , to discuss the plan of oisanisation ivliich is brought forward in London by the Social League , National Charter Association , and the Fraternal Democrats , for the purpose of an amalgamation of all grades of performers into one bond of union . The following places are requested to send delegates : — Bradford , Leeds , Pudsey , Birstal , Dewsbury , Holmfirth , Honley , Berry Brow , Jfuddersfield , Halifax , Sowerby , Sojverbv-bridge , Warley , Lower Warley , TVakefield , Queen ' s Head , Wilsden , Bingley , Keighley , and any other place in the Hiding . By order , Thomas Wilcock , West Riduia Secretary , To Whom all communications must bo addressed , to the care of Mr . Thomas Umpleby , Xews Agent , Manchesterroad , Bradford , Yorkshire .
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A "Woxdebfci . Cosmetic—A mo 3 t extraordinary phenomenon , it is said , has just made its appearance in this city , viz ., a slave from the South , who has discovered a secret mode of changing the coloured skin to a white one . He has already , according to report , changed the hue of his feet , his hands , and a part of his faco , whilo the rest of hia person ia gradually undergoing the same wonderful metamorphosis . The story is , that , while at work upon his master's plantation , he discovered that a certain weed exercised this astonishing effect . He and a number of his fellow slaves , rigorously applied the cosmetic , and the result ia before us . He expects to be fully white in from eight to ten months . Should the whole negro population of the south ac-
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On Saturday , the' 2 nd . of November , will be published the First Number of ROREET jOWEN'S JOURNAL A Weekly Periodical explanatory of the know-: ledge most essential to the happiness of all . ; - ¦ , Price One Penny ; by post , Ttvopence . Published by Clayton and Son , 265 , Strand , London mi OWEN'S ^ RECENT WORKS , THE REVOLUTION IN MIND AND PRACTICE . ¦ LETTERS TO THE HUMAN RACE . CATECHISM . And ; . FAREWELL ADDRESS , Are published by Effingham Wilson , Watson , and Vickers , London .
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THE PORTRAIT OF SIR ROBERT PEEL , And the Magnificent Historical Engraving , ' . .. ' . ... ,-. ; of the . : ; ¦ PORTRAITS OF THE AMMAN PRESIDENTS , Are now ready . If any of our subscribers hare not received them , application should be made to the agent who suppliea them with the paper . Agents are requested , when ordering Prints , to state by what means they are to be forwarded . ivi n U 4 . uvu « . : ¦
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The readers of the "Northern Star , " and the Democratic party generally , are informed , that there is now a re-issue of the ' various Steel engravings lately distributed "with the " Northern Star . " They consist of Kossimi , . Meaoheb , Louis Blanc , Mitch * , Ernest Jones , Smith O'Bbien , Richard Oasiler , John Frost . These Engravings have excited the admiration of every one who has 8 een them , . They are faithful portraits , and are executed in the most brilliarft style . PriceFourpence each . ; .
There has also been a reprint of the undermentioned portraits , which have been given away at different times with the 'f Northern Star , " and which are striking likenesses , and executed in the most brilliant manner—Andrew Marvel , "William Cob 3 ett , Abthub O'Cosxor , Henry . . pxt , Patrick O'Hiogixs , F . O'C nnob , Bronterrb O'Brien , W . P . . Roberts . J . It . Stephens , . There is also a re-issue of the two large prints , " THE NATIONAL CONVENTION OF 1839 . " " THE PRESENTATION OF THE NATIONAL PETITION , by Mr . DUNCOMBE , in 1842 . " To I )© had of J . Patey , Holy well-street .
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Polish Refugee Fund . — W . Davis tegs to acknowledge the receipt of the following sums : —Concert at . George Tavern , £ 1 6 s—Assembly Rooms , Hampstead , 8 s 7 d—Calender Yard , 7 s 3 d-C . Styles , 6 d—Mr . Miller ' s Book , 8 a—Collected tmBonner ' s-fields , by Mr . Stokes , £ 2 4 s 7 d —Raffle at Golden-lane , (! s—Collection , ditto , Is lOJd-R ., per Mr . Moring , i&—Mr . Miller ' s Book , 7 d-Lecnire at Trinity Chapel by Mr . Worrell , £ 2 11 s 5 d—Mr . Smith , 5 s—Air . Sand , 2 s Gd—Mr . Hows , 53 . —The committee will meet next Wednesday , at the neivDemocratic Hall , Turnmill-street , Clerkemvell . Rboeived from J . R . Calrerton , 5 s . 6 d , Mb . J . Thimbu * , Shotley Bridge . —Received . Mb . Wallace , Coldstreain . —The cash was received on the 16 th of September . Mb . D . Black , St . Andrews , and Others—The portraits
required will be forwarded early in the ensuing week . Several orders came too late for enclosure -in agents parcels despatched this week . The fiill-Icngth portrait of Mr . O'Connor are all disposed of . also that of Robert Emmet and T . S . Buncombe , Esq . Refugee Fond . —Received by T . Brown—Haynau ' s Refuge , Concert 5 s l £ d—Calender-yard Gs GS—Mr . Arnold's subscription Os Id—Concert at Stratford £ 1 us lid . The Irishman . —Several correspondents having requested us to give the address of Mr . B . Fullani , we are enabled to inform them that it is 40 , Great BrunswicK-street , Dublin . John Dawsov , tees . —Under such circumstances we certainly believe that possession is nine points of the law . J . 1 L , Wigan . —We are not answerable for the truth of advertisements . The public must decide . Were we io publish such letters as yours , we should be liaWe to innumerable actions for libel .
The Northern Star Saturday, October 13, «S≫50.
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , OCTOBER 13 , « S > 50 .
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THE LAND QUESTION . A lull in the political world always succeeds tli © close of tho Parliamentary session , but we never recollect of its being so deep , and so protracted , as at present . Party politics appear to Lave fallen into abeyance . The few thinly-scattered party demonstrations , usual at this season , which have , as yet , been made , only serve to exhibit more completely the apathy of the great mass of the community , and the want of zeal , or earnestness , on the part of those who play the leading characters . They are , in fact , routine observances , from which the life has departed , and are merely honoured because of "that reverence which
John Bull habituall y pays to whatever is hallowed by " use and wont . '' The public mind is not , therefore , dormant , or contented with these dull decencies . In proportion as thepeoplehave escaped from the leading strings of party politicians , they have betaken themselves to the study , and the agitation , of questions far more comprehensive , important , and radical , than any ever mooted within the narrow circles of contending factions . Industry , and the tenure of the soil , are the subjects which now attract attention , and excite interest , to the exclusion of almost every other topic . "We have already alluded to the
Tenant-Right Movement in Ireland , as a growing and formidable antagonist to that territorial feudalism which has , hitherto , been the especial bane and curse of that unhappy country . , Its rapid progress , and the varied elements of strength which it is accumulating , are evidently producing uneasiness and fear in the minds of the landlord class . Their organs are becoming abusive ; a sure sign that the new League has succeeded in " touching the raw , " and making the " galled jade wince . " On this side the channel the popular tendency shows itself in the increasing discussion on the
subject , not only by the newspaper pross , but by periodicals of high pretensions and influence ! The right of a small class of men to appropriate the soil of a country , and to lock it up from its inhabitants , except upon condition , that for the permission to cultivate it , the cultivators will maintain the appropriators in idleness and luxury , is one that will , in future , receive a most searching scrutiny . Even if such a right could , by any possibility be established , the question would remain to be considered , whether the consequences upon society were of such a character as to render the continuance of the system desirable .
The manner in which the subject has been taken up in the United States , is perhaps tho most forcible illustration of its fundamental andall-importautnature that could be adduced . In that Republic , blessed with the freest political institutions , the world has over witnessed at any period of its history , tho blighting influence of landlordism has been found to be as productive of evil as in the long-established monarchies of Europe . Even tho peculiar and unparalleled territorial circumstances of tho States are insufficient to counteract the baleful operation of the system of Land Monopoly by individuals . It is found , that virtually
tho possessors of the soil become the masters of society , and that all lacklanders are really theuvslaves . Neither political nor territorial advantages unrivalled in the world , avail against this terrible tyranny . The wide stretching prairies of the "Far West , " and the millions of millions of acres of fertile , and , as yet , unappropriated virgin soil , are a mockery to the masses . In whatever direction the tide of population ftowa the land jobber and speculator sails with it The moment the land in any quarter ia likely to become valuable , he forestalls it . When the actual settlers reach their destination , they find , that although not an axe has bees laid to
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the root of a tree , not a spade full of earth has been turned" over , they ; muat P 7 \ liberty to support themselves by their own labour to some owner of "Almighty dollars' at a distance , who has purchased the fee simple from the State .. Driven forth from , crowded cities and thickly populated districts , by the exactions of landlordism , they find that it pursues them even into , the wilderness , aHd there asserts its " vested interest' ? in their " thews and sinews . * ' . •¦ : . ' ¦ " - . _ . ' . >
The Land movement originated . by , Mr . EVANS , . the editor of Young America , has , in the course of a few years , attained great influence , and promises , we think ultimately , to extinguish this monster evil . In various States' Legislatures as well as in the Federal Congress , ' the question has been made a prominent subject of discussion , and some of the most eminent public men have unequivocally . given
in their adhesion to the National Reform Party . In a few . of these Legislatures , acts have been already , passed ,, embodying the principle of the movement as far as " Homestead Ex ' emption " from liability to debts is concerned , A . large , portion of the American Press supports the movement , which has also earnest , active , and talented advocates in every part of the Union . Under these circumstances it will
be strange , indeed , if America be not the country first delivered from the bondage of landlordism . . At a recent meeting in New York , presided over by Mr . Horace Greeley , the Editor of the Tribune—the most influential and popular paper in the States—Senator Walker , of Wisconsin , said : — In most other countries , when , beneficial reforms are preposed , the first thing is to attack the government ; the limited right of suffrage manacles the power of the people . Here the case is different . Here , if we do not carry out reforms , the fault is our own , and not that of OU 1 Nllei'S . Jfe was proud to believe that our institutions were capable of securing any desirable reform ; ii they do not , we must censure ourselves . He was glad to believethat the people would never hazard those institutions .
With a people thug situated we learn on the same authority :. " Land Reform has become the great reform of the day . People were asking , in every section of the land , the reason of the vast disproportion in the distribution of wealth ? " They found it in the monopoly of the soii by a privileged class ; and they were determined that this source of social oppression and misery should be closed . Their chance of success may bo judged of by tho concluding sentence of Mr . Walker ' s speech : —
Each man of you is more powerful than the Vre = iaent l . imself , armed with your ballot . He rejoiced that this reform had / oome from the "bone and sinew " ot the land ); he was from that class himself . He was glad to know that these doctrines were now looked upon as something holy ; that they were heard with respect , and even with pleasure , in quarters were they were supposed to be least palatable . . While in the old and settled States on the Atlantic side of the Roeky Mountains , this paramount reform is steadily progressing towards fruition through the medium of public agitation , and the influences brought to bear
upon public opinion ; it has given use to a hostile encounter and bloodshed in the New State , which has so suddenl y sprung up on the shores of the Pacific . By the last advices , Sacramento City was in flames , and the landlord and free soil party were in arms against each other . That such was the probable conclusion to the quarrel which has been waged by these parties , ever since California was settled by the anglo- Americans , must have struck all who have watched the progress of the dispute . It 18 only about four years since the American flag was first hoisted in that country . At that
time there were some twelve thousand native Californians and white adventurers , with , perhaps , double , or three times that number of roving Indians , in the whole of that magnificent territory . Since that time , at least two hundred thousand emigrants have poured into it from the Atlantic States . Many of them holding the principles of the National Reform Association , saw in California a clear and unoccupied field for the application of these principles . The money which had conquered
thei country was supplied by the whole of the citizens . Each had paid his quota of taxation for the support of the army by whom it was wrested from . Mexico . It belonged , therefore , in the first place , to the people of the United States , and , as yet , had not been appropriated to , or by a landlord class . They demanded that it never should be , but that here , at least , where there was a " clear stage , " there should " also be no favour , " and that every actual settler should have a homestead and land sufficient for the
wants of himself and family . Old claims resting upon alleged grants by former Mexican Governments , have been put forward by various parties , to some of the richest and most favourably situated localities . Speculators in land sections and building plots , acting upon the assumed legality of these grants , have purchased for " an old song , " large tracts of country , in order to retail them again at an inordinate profit . This nefarious conspiracy against the fundamental rights of
the community , has been especially resisted at Sacramento City , where , in addition to the opposition upon abstract grounds , there is a legal objection . Tlie grant to Captain Suttee , is shown not to include the tract of country upon which the city is situated . The Land monopolisers relying , however , on the support of the troops , have provoked collision , The first blood has been drawn in a purely agrarian revolutionary contest , with what ultimate issue remains to be seen .
Enough has been said , however , to show that the Land Question , both in the new and the old world , is rapidly assuming that magnitude and interest in public opinion which is due to its intrinsic and essential importance . When Mr . O'Connor first urged it upon public attention in his letters from York Castle , few listened to him , and those who did , either derided him as a . visionary , or
calumniated him as a spoliator . By indomitable energy and perseverance , he succeeded in making it the great question of . the day in this country , " and went far to secure its practical success upon a large scale . But the cunningl y contrived laws enacted by successive parliaments of landlords , threw insurmountable obstacles m his way . The Society , of winch he was less the head than the devoted
and untiring slave , was refused the protection and the facilities which the law so readily afibrdsto companies trading for individual profit and advantage . The absence of that protection was 'fatal to tho . National Laud Company , as it has been to many other associations founded for the benefit and emancipation of tho industrial classes . It proveuted tho Directors from compelling tho shareholders to pay up the capital requisite to the successful completion of the plan ; while , at the same time , it left them open to bo p lucked by all the selfish , ignorant , or knavish members of the Company , and placed its property in such a situation that it might be plundered b y whoever had the will to do so .
Mr . O'Connor has met tho fate of pioneers in ' great ' enterprises in all ages ; he has had to encounter the ingratitude of tho se whom ho laboured to benefit , tho obliquy and . persecution of tho world at large , and tho loss of friends and fortune , in the prosecution of measures calculated to improve the condition of liis fellow men . But he is not without his reward . In the growing importance of this truly radical question lie may trace the results of his past efforts ; and now that many pens aud voices are at work in influential quarters , where it was formerl y unheard of , he may look'forward with confidence to the eventual triumph of the cause ho has so . earnestly advocated .
_ All the great influences of Nature and Society point to : the just ; apportionment and rational cultivation of . the soil as the only sound foundation for individual and collective well-being in society . It is only by framing society in accordance with this cardinal truth , that we can escape from the complicated
difficulties that necessarily . spring from our present artificial , commercial , and competitive system . That system contains within itself the : germs of -its own destruction . How rapidly it is approaching may be heard in the wail of our manufacturers over the short cotton crops of America ;; over the rapidly diminishing profitable foreign markets , to which they can ; export their fabrics ; and over the increasing competition to which they are everywhere exposed . As-Mr . Ferhand would say , "The Devil ' s-Dust System is going to the Devil . " _ _
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But is M . Lamakxine a reliable and ^ fip > ry authority in the matter ? He Z f ^ that he has twice already been miataW-N prognostications , derived from what fc ^ served in his previous visits . The conf * S deserves credit for its candour , but j ; si » calculated to make us place implicit confii Bo ! in his judgment . Time has altered A ? > mautine even more than it has ch *' England . It : has given him a new i *^ looking at external objects . Had he v ^ us before the Revolution of 1848 , Ved ^ whether he would have discerned any esae ^ alteration in English society , or in its con ^ cial competitive system . It has no doubt panded during the last twenty years *!' covers a larger space , and exhibits a ' nJ ' . —^^^^^ .
snowy front , out it is virtualJy unchancy , its character . In its results it is , perfL more destructive of the liberty , the pero ^ f social well-being , and the comfort oft ? masses ^ than ever , Formerly , M . Lajjart , ?" would have looked for the proofs of this ' w he resolutely shuts his eyes upon them J sees everything coleur de rose . In the excii mentof his enthusiasm he introduces fic % ' and back-grounds into his fancy sketch Si have no prototypes in the reality . Poets » , novelists have a recognised license , whe n S are ' writing poems and novels ; but wehW submit , that it is not allowable when they J / fess to observe and record facts . The " !• streets'' in the vicinity of the docks- " . ? spacious and clean houses , modesfc but dee shops , " where Bailors just landed can ?! everything of the best quality , at an hoi and fair price , are mere creatures of Ji t Martine ' s imagination . ' The ignoble iaJJ with their suspicions tavern a " hava „» . , !>
appeared-nor , ire regret to say , «« the ul lation of drunken sailors , huddled together ! dregs and dust . " The well-dressed , strojj healthy , and contented workmen , in the man " factoring towns—the numerous columns t ) little children , presenting "the appearance s the most exquisite cleanliness and health defiling in the evening to their own hoinj , under the tender , enlightend , and careful ^ dance of the woman who has watched ott , them all day : —where , in England , did ir
Lamartine see them ? A benevolent n <) talented clergyman of the Church of Entriaii lately paid his first visit to Manchester andj neighbourhood . On emerging from one of & large factories , in which men , women , ^ children are cooped up by hundreds—men noon , and eve- —amid the din and rattle of mi chinery , and an exhausting , over-heated atna . sphere—he wiped the sweat from hi 3 trov arid remarked to a friend who accompli him , that "he did not wonder at the disccj . tent of these people ; h e wondered rather at th-i patience and self-possession . If he and tjj children were doomed to such toil , ia ^ places , he could not argue with those ty profitted by the system . He would strike . "
Unfortunately for M . Lajiartixe , the Correspondents of the " Morning Chronicle have recently dug up the rottenness and dead men ' s bones , which are masked by tbo wiiited sepulchre of English society ; their disclosure * rival M . Lamabtine ' s , as to the state if affairs in 1822 and 1830 . M . Ledru Iious , his late coadjutor in the Provisional Govern ! ment , may have , perhaps , over-estimatedtheincidence of their revelations , and in his work a the "Declining of England , " have prophesied ,
too confidently , of its approaching and n \ i downfall . But , we would remind the crises who have abused and ridicnled M . Rons , aud laughed at the idea of-his being , u authority on the subject , that at least , be la indisputable facts as the basis of his reasoning . The raphsody of M . Lamartixe is a < purely fanciful as the gorgeous temples ail dazzling landscapes which , at a surara sunset , present themselves to the imaginac ? watcher of cloud land .
M . Ledku Rollin may neither have ' . vritiai history nor drawn a correct horoscope . Ji . Lamartine is still less to be held up a ? as authority by the supporters of things as iky are . His "England in I 80 O ' ? is thepurat Romance he has yet written ,: and we trass , that in future editions of his works . Ins literary executors , mindful of his fame , rill place it among those of imagination . It irifl be a fit sequel to his dream , under the & ence of " Haskish . "
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M . LAMAETINE'S LAST ROMANCE . M . Lamartine , after an absenco of twenty years , has paid a third visit to England . His first was in 1822 , when the policy of the Holy Alliance was avowedly that of the . British Government ; when the scandal created by the prosecution of Q , uebn Caroline was . ¦ yet fresh , and when the whole nation was in a state of incipient revolt . against a licentious Court and a despotic administration . M . Lamabtine , then a young man , noted accurately the outward symptoms of the political and social diseases that affected England , : and " prognosticated , as everybody else also did *
the approaching decline of that great and mysterious country . " The Ministsy of Mr . , Canning , ? he adds , " happily p laced me in the wrong . " His next visit was . in 1830 , a-fewmonths after the Revolution of July , when ; , according to him , " the political Government of England had become moderate , reasonable , and wise . ' But the misery of the English and Irish proktaires , I frightened and brought consternation to the thoughts of observers . "Ireland was dy ing of inanition , the manufacturing districts having produced more than the world could consume in fifteen years of peace , left an overflow of manufactures . The masses were emaciated , vitiated in mind and
body , and vitiated by their hatred against the classes of society who possess wealth . " M . Lamartine draws a fearful picture . of the vices and brutishness of the masses of proktaires , degraded by ignorance and hunger ; their alternate poverty and debaucheries ; their bedding , in cellars and garrets . Social war , with all its horrors and furies , seemed imminent ; and , again , M . Lamartine foreboded " social war , like everybody else . ' ' Again he has been disappointed . After the lapse of twenty years , he has revisited this country , but this time the symptoms of social suffering , disorganisation , and approaching warfare , are no longer visible to him . On the contrary , to look at the picture he draws of England in I 860 ,, it would appear as though it
had . climbed to the very summit of modern civilisation and prosperity . If not exactly Arcadian or Paradisaical in all its aspects , it is , according to him , quite so in its result ? . The marvellous increase of our metropolis , is dwelt upon with enthusiasm by M . Lamartine . The " manner in -which that huge polypus sends forth its feelers , and seizes upon the forests , fields , hills , arid villages , which surround it in every direction ; the sumptuous buildings , , pretty villas , chapels , churches , schools , hospitals , penitentiary prisons , or new models , " which take away from their sinister aspect , " all contribute to throw M . Lamartine into ecstacy . It is not , however , alone in this overflowing of the wealth of London into the adjacent country that he Eees the improved condition and brilliant destiny of this country . He
says : The City itself , that furnace at the same time blackened and infect of this humnn ebullition , lias , enlnrged its issues , widened its streets , ennobled its monuments , extended and straightened its suburbs , and made them more healthy . The ignoble lanes , with their suspicious taverns , where the population of drunken sailors , huddled together like savages in dregs and dust , have been demolished . They have given place to airy streets , where the passers-by coming back from the docks , those entrepets of the four continents , circulate with ease in carriages or
on foot , to spacious and clean houses , to moaest-but decent shops , where the maritime population find , on disembarking , clothes , food , tobacco , beer , and all the objects of exchange necessary for tho retail trade of 6 ea ports : these streets are now as well cleaned from filth , drunkenness , and obscenity , as the other . streets and suburbs of the City . One can pass through them without pity and without disgust : one feels in them the ¦ vigilance of public morality and the presence of a police which , if it cannot destroy vice , oau at all events keep it at a distance from ihe eyes of the passers by , and render even the cloaai inoffensive .
The same magical change presented itself in the manufacturing districts : — . .: The appearance of the people in the street is no longer what filled , me with consternation twenty / years ago .. In place of those ragged bands of beggars—man , women , and . children—who swarmed in the narrow and gloomy streets of the manufacturing town , you see well-dressed workmen , with an appearance of strength and health , gohig to work ov returning peaceably from their worship with their tools on their shoulder , young gals issuing without tumult from the houses where they work , undi r the superintendence of women older than" themselves , or
of a father or brother , who brings them back to the house ; from time to time you see numerous columns of Httle children of from five to eight years of age , poorly but decently clad , led by a woman , whs leaves them at their own doors , after having , watched over them all day . They all present theappenrance of relative comfort , of the most exquisite cleanliness , and of health ; Yoii will perceive few , if any , idle groups on the public way , and infinitely fewer drunken men than formerly ; the streets appear as if purged of vice and wretchedness ^ or only exhibit those which alwajs remain on the scum of aaimmense population .
Public opinion is in keeping with this high state of material and financial prosperity . . In public places , and in private company , M . Lamartine was struck with The extreme mildness of men ' s minds and hearts with the temperance of ideas , the moderation of what is desired , the prudence of the Liberal opposition , the tendency evinced towards a conciliation of all classes , the justice which all classes of the English population render to each other , the readiness of all to co-operate , each according to
bis means and disposition , in advancing the general good —the employment , comfort , instruction ) and > mornlity of , the people— -in a word , a mild and serene air is breathed in place . of the tempest-blast which then raged in everj breast . The equilibrium is re-established in the nationul atmosphere . One feels and says to oneself— "The people can , come to an understanding with itself ; it can live , last , prosper , and improve for a long time in this Avay . Had 1 my residence on this soil I should not any longer treniMfl for my hearth . "
There is , however , one dark shadow to this brilliant picture : — ; "' Poor race of men , ' said the pitying spirit , Dearly yc puy for your primal fall ; Some flowers of Eden ye still inherit , i 3 ut the trail of the serpent is over them all . " Even the bright sun of England is not -without its specks , and it is , perhaps , well for poor human nature that it is so ; otherwise such excess of happiness , prosperity , comfort , and luxury—such a perfect Millenium in the physical , social , aud political world , might drive us wild with a delirium of joy . , M . LAMAiraNE ; therefore , begs us to understand that he excepts : —
Prom this very general character of harmony and reconciliation two classes of men whom nothing ever satisfies—tho deniiigogu . es ; md the ' extreme aristocrats tivo tyrannies which cannot content themselves with any liberty , because they eternally desire to subjugate the peoplo , the 0110 by tho intolerance of the rabble , ami the othfii ' by the intolerance ' of the little number . The newspapers of the inexorable aristocracy , and of the ungovernable radicalism , are the only ones that still contrast , bv their bitternesswith the
, general mildness of opinion ' s in G « nt Britain . } iat some clubs of Chartists , rendered fanatical by soplitetry , and some clubs of diplomatists , rendered fanatical by pride , only serve the better to show the calm aud reason which are more aud more prevailing in the other parts of thenation . The one makes speeches to the emptiness of places where the people are invited to meet , and the others pay hy ' the line fox- calumnies and invectives against lftanee iind the present ago . No 0110 listens , and no one reads . The people work on .
Veny natural and very proper , if M . Lamartisb ' s facts are facts . "Why should a whole nation , basking iu the full blaze of material and moral sunshine , trouble thoir head * with what a few discontented croakers may say ,-in the ' midst-of'the universal and superabundant happiness ? Everybody knows they have not tho slightest cause for grumblingi A flairs in commerce , manufactures , industry and trade , in Church and Stato , are so well ordered , and so perfect in all , their
ramifications , that it is mere perversity of heart and intellect that induces these growlers to find fault . "Nothing , " sa , ysM . Lamahtike , emphatically , " ever satisfies them " These few paltry " clubs of Chartists , who are tenderecr ianatical b y sophistry / ' have not the slightest real ground for complaint . They aro nierel y ; suffcring . froni an intellectual jaundice , which turns every . object they look upon into its own- biliousatta bitter hue . That is ' a . 11 . . •;;< ¦ !•;; .: ¦ :
Untitled Article
WOEKHOUSE IND 17 STEIAL OEGi-NISATIOtf . : Industrial organisation appears 10 is making some progress , if slow . It has ;< . ! ' «; ' seemed to us theacmeofnational folly , to csptsd millions sterling annuall y in keeping sob hundred thousand able bodied labourer : ad artisans in compulsory idleness . That a J *> pie who boast so much of practical busies habits and common sense as' the Hn ^ A should do this , was all the more cstracnlic ^ Neither can it be said to have been dous ^®
dure ignorance . Much knowledge of vtoj its professors call the science of Polifcci Economy , had , in fact , driven the nation mai It was in vain that a few persons v . ho » not lost their wits , pointed out how easy $ ® how profitable it would be , to bring tho we * 111 ' ployed land and labour of the country wither , and by a temporary advance of cap ita enable the unwilling idlers to support tipselves , and ultimately repay the capital ;™ vanoed . They were ridiculed * as '' yisio uane *
and " theoists , " and adrised not to talk ^ sense about such Utopian projects . To ; et * able bodied paupers to work , would , it was , » IS averred , add to the difficulties and the t * of our present social state , even ir * practicable in itself . If so , it must ; be ai ' * strous and devilish social system , which [*' hibits the production of wealth , and «< H a section of society with the burden offfi ^ taining a large proportion of the connii ^ 'j . in moody , sullen idleness , surrouudiii ^ ^ at the same time bv influence calculate * " .
engender the darkest and deadliest pa # * of revenge , for tho hardships and the feminities inflicted upon those whose only erin ^ p overty . Such a fact is in itself calculate * . * make all thoughtful men imnwly scrur- " " the framework of our present institution . _ But tho Political Economists aro oii « |\ tent in and out of Parliament . For fou "' - ' ?
any stray Board of Guardians should P ' - | "j sufficient glimmering of reason to maVo a ]( of tho self-supporting system , they del it * ' '* . enacted that no -workhouse should bo in ! l ( l : ^' sion of moro than fifty acres of laivl- ^ Poor Law Board has systematically ti !* ' ' ^ aged every project that appeared to l ' ?; ,
tendency to make able bodied paupers p »* tive ; and it was not without difficulty liia ! . Sheffield Guardians , two or three yciiw ± K commenced a small experiment of thai » ^ on the heathy moorlands , in the ™ L that town . Limited b y tho lav . - to fi li V J they leased that quantity of waste lawW set a few of their able-bodied labourers to , . upon it . It is now so far re claimed ' , | t . 1 lized , ' that they intend to dispose <> t it ¦ ¦ rental - proportioned to its improved \^ They will then bring in another fifty art * ' treated and disposed of in the saino »' : l ! 1 | ltfJ » Tho material benefit conferred <>} j j < additions to the cultivable soil of Eng j ' utiin /» j
mtJ SUIUllUab uumuLugu . - ,,. cess . Even the saving to the ratopny ^ secondary consideration , compare d ^ ^ moral influence which it has up «« ^ - ^ are thrown upon parish relief , -l '";• e tit cheerfully ; in fact there is a L' ° " | a , inf among them to be sent to the fan »» 'M are elevated in their own mind aim ^ . ( , jlsBo ' by the noble sense of independent » ' u , | tan occupation naturally produce * je vef ; sometime , the system is found to i * , , yo if best test of assumed poverty , aud to . ^ j seeking parish relief all who » ''f . , # to earn their bread by the sweat ot tm-
Untitled Article
THE NORTHERN STAR . October 12 , 18 nn ¦ * ¦ ¦ ' ' : —; ^__ i ^—^¦¦^¦^¦ i ^^ w ^^^^^ ' ^^^ ¦¦ -i * i ¦ ¦ ''' ' ' i - '
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 12, 1850, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1595/page/4/
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