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g—— - THE PROPOSED CHARTIST CONFERENCE . JO THE EDITOR OF IBS KOSTHERN SUB . Sib , —As the Conference question has now been Bome weeks before the Chartist members , and as no decisive steps have yet been taKen to ascertain the opinion of the majority upon tha subject , and also as some leaders are opposed to a Coherence at Manchester , -while others treat the proposition witn indifference , I trust you will find room for the fidlO ^? to wiUess the aP athyofaportionof Jhe Cbartistbody to a question of such vital im-DOrtance to tha democratic movement . Chartism Ebnt tbe shadow of its formerself—its progreiaive
policy is standing *««—division is in its vniud janks , and the unwise attempt to sink the Charter | n the extremes of Socialism and Republicanism ias failed , except in causing a greater division among st Chartists . Under such circumstances no one has yet denied the n-cessity of a Conference being held ; the only difference of opinion is as to time aid place . Since 3 fr . O'Connor ' s proposition in the Star of Hie 5 th of October seven important towns have decided in favour of a Conference in Manchester on 2 Jew Tear ' s Day : —namely , Manchester , Sheffield , Hull , Rochdale , Stockpori , Todmorden , and a tranch at Nottingham .
Against it , and in favour of a Conference in LonflqninMay next , we have—the Executive , the WeBt Siding delegates , the Chartists of Stalybridge , the Ship Inn locality , Birmingham , the Emmett Brigade , the Washington , and Whittington and Cat ( London ) localities . On the 2 nd inst . the members of the Finsbury locality passed a resolution in favour of the Manchester Conference , and pledged themselves to pay j £ 1 towards the expenses , but in last Saturday's Star I see they approve of the London Conference Sew Radford is for the London Conference , if an union of the democratic bodies be effected j but if not , then the Executive is requested to call a Conference as toon as possible . Xewcastle-upon-Tyne is for a Conference at the earliest possible period , but does not say where it is to be held . Hamilton is for holding a Conference when the people are properly organised . Paisley and one or two other towns are opposed to any Conference being held , not tailed by the Executive ,
Thus , as the question stands at present , there can be no doubt , but a large majority is in favour of Jhe Conference being held in Manchester . The only objection raised against the Manchester Conference by the Executive Committee— " The recognised head of the Charter Association—the only party duly authorised to convene such delegation "as that they " disapprove of the saine , because , in the present state of the country , it is impossible to assemble a truly national Conference . " We are not informed when a Conference is to be held , or whether there is to be one at all . I confess I do sot understand what is meant by " the present state Of the country . " Will the country be in a better State for holding a Chartist Conference when
*• All the world to London js come , And London is out of town I " I think the " recognised head" of the movement Bhonld have given some plain and sensible reasons for its disapproval , which has not yet been done . But several Chartist branches dispute the title , and Eet aside the authority of the Executive Committee , doubting the legality " of the election ; and this appears to be one of the chief causes of the present disorganisation of the Chartist party . But the principal objections to the Manchester Conference are raised by Mr . Ernest Jones in his letter , dated October 23 rd . And here it is neces-Barr to state that tfeat gentleman sent a similar letter on Sunday , the 20 th , to the West Riding delegates assembled at Bradford , which , no doubt , influenced them to adopt a resolution against the
Manchester Conference ; which resolution received the approval ef the Executive , and was recoin-Snended to the Chartists throughout the country . Is it surprising that after such teaching the Conference question has not been taken up with greater zeal and alacrity ? Sow I am of opinion that a Conference is imperatively necessary , and should be speedily held , to entirely re-organise the movement—to settle the dispute as to the legality of the Executive to hold office , or otherwise to give such satisfactory rea sons as should induce those branches , which now fitand aloof , to join the Association—to consider the state of other political parties—to discuss , and , if thought advisable , to draw up a plan for the amalgamation of all shades of reformers—and to adopt the best line of policy for obtaining the speedy enactment of the People ' s Charter .
There was sufficient time , from the 5 th of October to the 1 st of January , ( nearly three months , ) to have awakened the Chartist mind , and to have raised the necessary funds to meet the expenses attending a really national Conference , had that time been rightly spent in aiding , instead of opposing it . The 1 st of January is the best time , being a few weeks before the opening of parliament , and , fceing a holiday , the working class delegates could afford their time , without incurring a loss of wages , Mr . Jones says that" Many of the localities that flourished in 1848 have now no political existence whatever—neither council , committee , nor members ; of those remaining in the field , many are scarcely able to meet their local expenditure :
organisation lies prostrate , and , with it , the machinerv for electing and supporting the members of a Conference . " Chartism , according to this , is in a pitiable condition . Again he says : — "We do not want it —( the Conference)—to form a plan of organisation : we have one sufficient for all present purposes . We do not want it to lay down rules for an association : we have one which , I trust , we shall never dissolve till we have carried the Charter . " Then why do we not carry the Charter ? If we lave plans , rule ? , lectures , cheap democratic literaiure , and every auxiliary necessary for carrying on the agitation , as Mr Jones avers , how come 3 it
that organisation is prostrate , and t £ at many lot Calities hare no political existence ? This does not-Bay much for the application of the machinery in Jiand , and is the best reason why the three months Bhould have been spent in resuscitating the movement and also for holding a Conference as early as possible . Another objection urged by Mr . Jones , is , " that trade is yet too brisk . When trade is lad , and wages are lowest , then money is always more plentiful for the purposes of agitation . " This is too true ; but is it probable that , all at once , trade will be bad in May when the Exhibition mania is at its height ? I think if we wait until then for the Conference , that we had better
1 Wait a little longer . " Until the forced trade caused by the Exhibition Shall ( as it no doubt will ) have caused short time and reduction ; but it appears rather absurd to state that such will be the case in May . May or June , the middle of summer , is just the very time when it would be most difficult to induce working men to give np their work . At that time the public mind trill be fully occupied with the rivalry of our manufactures with those of all nations . The Press will devote their columns almost exclusively to this subject and the proceedings of parliament , and even if the doinss * f the Conference were noticed it wonld te in a few words , instead of giving , as has been done , a tolerably iair notice of its transactions .
Xodgings will be scarce and dear , and I question jnuch if a decent room could be obtained for tbe Conference to sit in . So much do I think public attention will be occupied , that tbe arrest of every member of the Conference would excite but little general interest , and less sympathy . In fact , all the propositions yet made for a Conference in London , are the best objections to urge against it ; while the Objections to the Manchester Conference would soon cease to exist , if the intervening time was rightly Epent , and the powers , said to be at our disposal , judicionslv , but energetically exercised . 13 m sorry" to find that some branches in expressing iheir opposition to this question have adopted the tone of the Executive , which , to say the least , is uncourteous . Mr . O'Connor did no more than anv other Chartist had a perfect right to do , in sugsfkimihata Conference should be held in
Manchester , and inviting attention toils suggestion : l » ut if he is the founder of the movement , it he has -worked hard for years to establish it , if he has sacrificed bis time and money for its advancement , if , for years , he has been the acknowledged leader of the Chartists of this country , his suggestion was worthy of a fair consideration , and should have been replied to in a becoming spirit . As the Executive disapproved of a Conference , it was the duty of that body to have issued an address on the 12 th of October , stating its reasons for so doing ; the Chartist members would then bave had both sides of the question before them , and having discussed , would either have accepted or rejected Mr . O'Connor's suggestion , and the matter would have been settled . But if the majority was for a Conference , then it ¦ would havBheen the duty of the Execniive although opposed to it , to have obeyed tbe will of the majority and to have called one . '
In conclusion , let me entreat my brother Chartists to waste no more time in wordy warfare on this subject , but to weigh well what has been advanced , and then decide and set to work . If Chartism is asleep it is time to arouse it , and if a Conference is necessary , the sooner it is held the better January is not too soon—May or June is too late ' or not late enough . Tours respectfully , ' A Chaeijst .
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Chartist Hah ,, Golden Lane . —An adjourned meeting of delegates was held on Sunday afternoon . Mr . Talboys in the chair . The deputation appointed v ° 7 tlt ° n Mr * * Connor gave in their report . They had been most courteously received , and that gentleman concurred in the steps they had taken to call a meeting of the shareholders , and would endeavour to return from Manchester to be present at the meeting , and if that was impracticable would write 'O there detailing his views ; he wouldalsoassistthem in calling a Conference prior to the meeting of parliament . The deputation also detailed other infor mation received from Mr , O'Connor respecting the position of the Company . Their report having been received , resolutions were prepared to be adopted at the public meeting , and other details of the business arranged .
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out-houses were actually being destroyed , and though the allottees denied doing it , yet they encouraged the boys in the work of destruction . He had , that day , received a letter , stating that his wife and family would be turned out , the s ame as many of the others , but still he was compelled to speak the truth ; the real cause of Beattie's enmity was , that he had demanded 50 s . for some extra ploughing he had done , when he first went to the estate , which Mr . O'Connor refused to pay him . Messrs . Wkstobt and Hompiibky addressed the meeting , and Mr . M'Grath explained some items of rent , paid at Minster Lovel , which Mr . Gathard had stated were not in the balance sheet .
Mr . Kinross , of Snig ' s End , with great warmth and bitterness of speech , complained that the crops were put in so late , the first season they were located , that they could not get a living , and being thus involved in difficulties , were unable to pay a ny rent . Mr . Doyle had six . acres , and he was no more able to pay than the rest . He had sold three-quarters of an acre of potatoes for 12 s . 6 d . which cost him 7 s . 6 d . digging up . Another reason why they did not pay rent was , Mr . O'Connor had told them that the rent would be moderate , as the houses only cost £ 90 ; and , in a month after , when rent was demanded , they were told they cost £ 13112 s . 6 d . They did not dispute that this sum had been expended , but they had builders' valuations to prove al
that they were not worth above £ 90 . If they - lowed Mr . O'Connor his own price for the houses , and £ 1 an acre for the ploughing , still th « ire was £ 5 , 188 to be accounted for—and it must and should be accounted for . He also charged him with putting down more Aid Money , by £ 500 , to Snig ' s End , than they had received , found fault that they had no security of tenure , and ended by calling Mr . O'Connor a liar and a monster , which , of course , caused great confusion , and nearly ended in the expulsion of the speaker . Mr . O'Connob , who had exerted himself to procure the allottees a hearing , then replied : lie had been charged with unjustly prosecuting the men at Minster Lorel ; that estate was mortgaged , and he had paid £ 250 a year interest from his own pocket to prevent those men from being seized upon ; but
when he found tbe men would not pay rent , and wished to juggle the Company , then he allowed the interest to remain unpaid , and the solicitor of the mortgagees had ejected them . Those three men , Beattie , Gathard , and Wilkins , had sent a circular round the country , asking assistance in prosecuting their nefarious schemes . Those three men owed £ 100 for rent : they had received £ 90 aid money , and £ 60 spent in cultivating their land , or more than tbe subscriptions of fifty paid up fouracre shareholders , and yet they came there and talked as though they were injured men . Beattie had a house and four acres of land , for which he would have to pay £ 11 rent ; he let three acres of land for £ 13 a year , and never had paid any rent himself . He stated that he had been a Chartist all his life , but instead of that he was an old soldier , one of those who would have shouldered a musket
to put down Chartism . On his oath he had never told them , at Spig ' s End , that the houses only cost £ 90 , the materials alone cost more ; the accounts had been submitted to the closest scrutiny ; the Government Auditors and the Conferences had repeatedly inspected them , and there was not a line of his writing or a single figure of his in any of the books , and all the receipts were laid before the auditors . Respecting the aid money at Snig ' s End , they would see , in the minutes of examination before the House of Commons , that he bad stated that the aid money was intermingled between Snig's End and Minster Lovel ; £ 450 too little was charged to Minster Lovel , and too much to Snin's End .
Mr . O'Connor explained how this occurred . The men only abused him because he would not pay £ 250 , to allow them to swindle the shareholders . Kinross had talked about £ 1 an acre for ploughing , the land at Snig ' s End was ploughed four times at 15 s . an acre , which amounted on the whole to £ 3 an acre , instead of £ 1 . The whole of the potatoes were put in before they were located , and if they planted more at too late a period in the season he could not be held responsible for it . Kinross had also told them , that some men had expended £ 400 , r £ 100 an acre on the land , and yet could not make o answer ; this was too absurd to be listened to . The men at O'Connorvllle and Dodford had the
worst land , but they did not grumble , whilst these men , placed in a paradise , and surrounded with comforts , refused to pay rents , and complained of poverty . Poor men , how pale they looked . Beattie looked at least twenty years younger than when ho worked as a labourer for him , prior to his having his allotment . But he told these men , that though it was not him that ejected them , yet he did not apologise for it , for he would have acted exactly as the mortgagees had done , and he told Kinross that Snip ' s End was also mortgaged , and that they would be served the same way . ( Cheers . ) If they had acted honourable to the Company it would now have been in prosperity , but they had painted their faces with health , whilst the subscribers , whose money they had received , and whom they were juggling , were pale with poverty . He cared not for the censure or abuse of such men :
they had picked out tho most ferocious man from Snig's End , and sent him to plead for their robbery and to abuse him . He hoped he should always meet with such abuse , for the censure of slaves and ruffians was adulation ; and yet , these were the men they sent about the country collecting money in order to jnggle honest men out of their property . Mr , O'Connor then showed , from the example of Mr . Sillott , and from the President ' s message in France , the valued and increasing at * tention bestowed upon the land question , and
concluded by stating , that however much he might be maligned even by those whom he had most befriended and benefitted , yet he should not relax in his exertions until the present Company was wound up and a new one established , Mr , O'Connor then left the meeting amid much cheering . The Chairman and Mr . Dowling explained , that the committee had no knowledge of any of the allottees coming to the meeting , and that the Conference and not that meeting would be the proper place to detail their grievances .
Mr . Wilson supported the motion for a Conference ; he thought that all who had money pass through their hands should be subjected to a ' close scrutiny . He had a considerable sum invested in the Company , and was anxious that the property should be protected . They had been deceived by Mr . O'Connor and the directors , —( cries of "no , no , not by Mr . O'Connor , " )—more particularly by the directors , —( " no , " )—they should have called a Conference long previous ; Mr . O'Connor had a deep personal interest in seeing it honourably settled , but he could not agree with the Manchester Petition , that the winding up should be left to Mr . O'Connor and the directors . ( Mr . Wilson spoke amid considerable interruption and much contradiction . )
Mr . Wheeler explained relative to the winding up of the Company , and the resolution iras carried by a large majority . A vote of confidence in Mr . O'Connor , and thanks for his attendance , was unanimously carried ; also a vote of thanks to the chairman , for his impartial conduct , and the meeting dissolved .
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITE *) TRADES . T . S . Dokcojob , Esq ., M . P ., President . ludblUhed 1845 .
" WAT JUSTITIA . " "If it were possible for the working classes , by combining among themselves , to raise , or lceep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a ""{ JS •>• ' to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at < JStuabt Mill . The "Perrys" are driven to desperation , and are plunging themselves deeper and deeper into folly and disgrace . So signally and thoroughly beaten in every disgraceful movement they have resorted to , like tho gambler staking his last shilling , they seemed prepared to risk tbe last shred of character for honour or common aenee , which their late proceedings had left to them .
Mr . Edward Perry having voluntarily submitted the whole of his case to the arbitrament of a bench of magistrates , presided over by the Mayor himself , an eminent solicitor , and no doubt assisted in arriving at a legal and equitable judgment by the Town Clerk , and possibly by the magistrate ' s clerk , Mr . Bolton , the very man who drew up these onesided disgraceful documents , now turns round ( backed by the opinion of some obscure third-rate chamber barrister , upon a case submitted , in which the main facts are carefully excluded , and thosG which are introduced , twisted and distorted to suit the palpable object in view—the perpetration , by sanction of the law , of his usurped power to rob his workmen of their hire ) and snaps his fingers at the
, tribunal of his choice , and refuses to be bound by its award , which he , with his usual want of courtesy and delicacy , pronounces " invalid and unreasonable , and contrary to justice and common sense , " An early opportunity will be afforded Mr . E . Perry of showing cause why lie should not be compelled to pay to his hired workmen the price which the magistrates have pronounced the standard of the town , and not as Perry would wish it , the price once paid by him and his conspirators , and which the Tinmen have repudiated not the price lately or now paid by a majority of the masters to a miserable minority of the Tinmen of Wolverhampton , but the price bond fide paid to , and received by , the
great bulk of the Tinmen of the town , by the largest and most respectable manufacturers . It is true that for the last nine yeara Mr . Perry and his friends have usurped the riglot to set up each his own standard ' of wages , ' and circumstances havo enabled them to force the standard down the throats of their workmen . But this shall never happen again . We have opened to the Tinmen a chapter of the statute law of England , and have shown them , that to them appertains tho right of determining the price of their own labour , and whatever price the majority of them fix on , is , and shall , in all future time , be the standard of wages in 'Wolverhampton .
We insert Mr . Perry ' s modest letter to the late Mayor , tbe case submitted to counsel , and that person ' s opinion thereon , and Mr . Robinson ' s an-Bwer to Perry ' s impertinent epistle . " TO OEOUOB ROBINSON , ESQ . "Dear Sir , —I have already apprised you that my solicitor concurred -with me in strongly impugning the opinion you expressed , on the part of yourself ( as Mayor ) , and several other magistrates , on the 24 th ult ., relative to the matter wherein I have been prominently brought under public notice ; and I now beg to call your attention to the accompanying counter opinion of eminent counsel .
" The concluding sentence of your late opinion strongly disposes me to agree with Mr . Willes , that it is probable the views you expressed were governed by a laudable desire to ' terminate these unfortunate differences , ' by ' amicable recommendation / rather than by a judgment founded on deliberate legal reflection ; and did it not happen that the opinion thus uttered is calculated to aggravate and prolong the existing differences , instead of terminating or lessening them , I should certainly offer no objection to it on this account . That it is so calculated I have already had experience ; for its extensive circulation among the workmen , through the instrumentality of tho itinerant Chartist delegates , whom you lately honoured with a hearing , has given rise to demands which I am bound to resist , as contrary to law and justice as well as to tho interests of myself and men .
lhat you should construe a covenant to pay my own scale of prices ( which are readily determined and defined , either by my books or workmen ' s evidence of usage ) as a covenant to pay the prices of other individuals , must appear , even to yourself , on more mature reflection , as invalid as it is unreasonable , I feel convinced . But obviously contrary as this is to justice and common sense , it is far less so than the further construction that I am bound , in thus paying the prices of others rather than my own , to pay , not the average prices of the various masters , but the prices of a minority of them—of two only ! It is clear , however , that on this point you pronounced your opinion under error as to a matter of fact ; for you intimated that the majority of tho masters —• the other three ' - —wre ' acting avowedly in concert' with mo ; which is incorrect , inasmuch as none ef the four adopt the same nominal prices .
In answering , therefore , tho question— ' To whom are we to refer for the market price of . tho day ?'as you have answered it , by . saying not to Messrs . E . Perry and Son , not to Mr . Fearncombe , not to Mr , Thurstans , not to Mi . Edward Perry , but to Messrs . "Walton and Shoolbred alone—the error as to fact , perhaps , accounts for tho palpable injustice of the judgment . " I reel it due to myself and the workmen misled . or liable to be misled , by the self-interested demagogues , who have industriously circulated printed copies of your opinion , with comments of their own , to make public the counter opinion received from counsel ; to which I shall , in justice , attach a copy of the case submitted ; and I trust you will not deem me guilty of discourtesy or disrespect in publishing this letter with them . " I remain , dear Sir , yours respectfully , " Edward Perry . " St . Paul's Villa , Nov . Uth . "
CASE SUBMITTED 10 COUNSEL . " Mr . Edward Perry is an extensive manufacturer of Japan and Tin goods at Wolverhampton , and employs a great many workmen , most of whom are hired by written contracts , similar to the one sent herewith . " Mr . Perry has not altered the scale of wages which he has been giving his men for the last eight or nine years ; so that when a man enters his service he can immediately ascertain the uniform price paid to other workmen in his employment , either by reference to them , or by Mr . Perry ' s paybook—indeed , there is no difficulty whatever on that score . The workmen have lately been instigated by delegates from the Trades' Union , to try to coerce Mr . Perry to alter his prices , which are alleged to be lower than two others who have
submitted to the men ' s list of prices . The workmen of Mr . Perry were well satisfied with Mr , Perry ' s prices , which are in some rospects higher than those contended for ; but most of them have been seduced or frightened from his service , and are being supported by the Trades' Unionists . " The magistrates of the borough have in some instances committed men ou these contracts for neglect of service . The mayor of tho borough entertains doubts as to the agreement for price amounting to more than a mere quantum menrit , and he proposes to ascertain the quantum mcruit , by reference to the two highost prices and not the four lowest . Wo presume an average of the whole would be more likely to be the market price under the present circumstances ; which average the men have refused , at it would give them a lower scale of prices than Mr . Perry ' s .
" We submit the written agreement does not bear the Mayor ' s construction , and that the price is either to bo ascertained by reference to what Mr ; Perry ' s other workmen wore roceiving for similar articles , or it is void foi uncertainty . But it may be said , that . the , present tense " now pays" must refer to the Very day , and probably on that day ho might pay nothing as ho reckons once a week ; but we say the natural construction is tho pvice ho was in the Jiabifc ol paying within a reasonablo period up to that date , taking the notorious fact into account , of his not having varied his prices for eight or nine years .
" The variety of articles in tho trade is almost endless , and it might therefore . happen , that the workman would be put to a novei job , and it would be impossible , of course , to refer to ascertained prices in tho case of new articles—in such a case probably the Mayor ' s standard of quantum mcruit would be correct , not for his reasons , but because the workmen might be considered as not then working under the agreement . . " You will please read the agreement with the Mayor ' s decision published by the workmen ; and advise Mr . Perry—whother the Mayor's interpretation of the contract bo the correct one ? or , whether the agreement can be enforced by evidenpo of what other workmen were then , or about that time ' receiving for similar articles ? an <> whether the quantum meruit must prevail only where there is no precedent or other standard , in consequence of the novelty of the articles ¦? " ¦¦ ¦ ¦
OPINION Or COUNSEL . " lam of opinion that the Mayor ' s interpretation of the Contract is not the correct : one ; indeed I think the Mayor cannot possibly have intended to give it as a legal opinion , upon ; the construction of a contract to pay what Mr . Perry at the time of the contract paid—that is , was in the habit of paying other workmen—that , not what ho paid , but what other persons paid is , ( in the very teeth of the contract ) the amount payable between Mr . Perry and his workmen , bound by such contract . I think the Mayor could only have meant what he is reported to have said , as an amioable reoommendation , It requires nothing but a plain grammatical construction of the words of the agreement—in which there ' ¦ ¦ •! ., , ; i . . '"' ¦ ¦ ' ¦ J ¦' ¦ "' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦
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h nothiDg ambiguous , inconvenient , or abBurd , to call for any other sort of construction—to apply it to those wages which the other workmen in the employ of Mr . Perry at this timo were entitled to receive , which must be ascertained by what they had received . The plain object of the contract is , that tho workmon coming into Mr . Perry ' s service should reocive what Mr . Perry had been paying other workmen , and evidence of what other workmen were then , or about that time , receiving for similar articles , is admissablo to settle tho amount
to which a workman entering into such a contract is entitled . Where the work is novel , there the agreement does not apply as to price , and the value of the work done on such novel articles is to be paid . In other cases , I think the prices actually paid at tho time by Mr . Perry to other workmen previously in his employ , and who had been paid or engaged to work at a certain price , in such cases form the proper standard . Jas . S . Wim . es . " " Inner Temple , 8 th Nov ., 1850 . "
At tho last meetingof tho Council , Mr . Robinson , the ex-Mayor , addressed the court as follows : — " Mr . Perry has addressed a printed handbill to me , impugning the opinion which ( as Mayor ) I expressed on behalf of myself and the four other Magistrates who attended at the Public Office on the 24 th of last month , to hear the disputes between him and his workmen . I cannot think this a desirable mode of proceeding , because if all parties receiving opinions adverse to their own interests or wishes are to publish remonstrances , there will be almost an end to the use of civil tribunals . However , I profess no infallibility , and during the short time that I have had to sit as a magistrate I have
always been most glad when any opinion I was called upon to give could be the subject of appeal . In this matter Mr . Perry himself sought the interference of the magistrates ; he addressed a letter to me as mayor desiring our interference , and he himself conveyed my letter to his foreman suggesting the interview . On receiving it , the workmen met and appointed f-ertain persons , including two members of the Trades' Union , to attend ' with them . Mr . Perry was perfectly aware of those resolutions , and that he should meet these parties when ho came before us . Besides , it was reasonable that his workmen , unpractised in speaking , should be assisted by any persona they thought competent . I dismiss , therefore , the remark of Mr .
Perry , that " we honoured itinerant Chartist delegates with a hearing , " as quite inapplicable to the subject . Neither does it become me now to say whether the opinion expressed by me on behalf of myself and the other Magistrates is " likely to aggravate . tho existing differences , instead of terminating or lessening them , " as Mr . Perry states in tho handbill . I can only say the Magistrates were influenced by the sincerest desire to effect a very different sesult , and , above all , to do right and ad minister justice impartially . But , speaking now for myself , I do not admit the legal error attributed to me . It may be presumptuous in me to give any opinion of mine contrary to that of Mr . Willes—one of the most learned of men in the more
abstruse departments of law of which the profession can boast—but justice ia as much regulated by the business , customs , and feelings of life , as by dry and dusty pleading , and I do not see the difference between us . Mr . Willes appears to be speaking of one thing and the magistrates of another . The facts on which our opinion was given were those : —It was stated that Mr . Perry had about fifty workmen then in his employ under agreements , and that all the rest of his workmen had left him . Some of the agreements were stated to be as much as ten years old , and to vary in their terms . We understood that in some of them he engaged to give the wages "ho then paid "—(" now pays" being the words );—and that in others of them he engaged r t \ i'i f % m -r t * f \ Tim * vn « l ^ s * 'vt a «¦! it X a lLn . ^ Xl * nm * rtMul . » . . ** _« iui
* * "Vjjiiu , "iigcijuu JI . UU tu LI 1 U UU 11 U 1 WU 1 J 1 U 1 CU in his manufactory . " I perfectly recollect saying at the timo that if the agreements all varied , Mr . Perry might havo as many different rates of wages in his manufactory as there were contracts ; and that with reference to such of them as did not refer to the wages of an exact date , but to the wages "paid to other workmen" for the current time —( for all days during the period)—tho question became one of quantum mendt : legally referable to the wages of other manufacturers , when he ceased to have any workmen in his manufactory except those under such contracts ; an important fact , not stated in the case laid before Mr . Willes . And I adhere to that opinion , because Mr . Perry would otherwise mako himself the judge of the
wages ho should pay ; there would be no independent standard . I adhere also to the opinion I gave , that the workmen had a right to refer to the wages paid by Messrs . Walton and Co ., and Messrs . Shoolbvod and Co ., because it was expressly stated ( without tho slightest contradiction at that time by Mr . Perry ) that the other tin-plate manufacturers in the town were acting in concert with him , except Messes . Walton and Co ., and Messrs . Shoolbred , and that they employed more than half the workmen of that trade in the town . I could not enterta i n a doubt as to the conclusion to which any jury on such evidence would come , and where a magistrate is the judge of fact and law , he cannot exclude sued a consideration from his mind . Suppose , for
instance , a workman was put to work of an inferior character to that which he expected and began with , and by which alteration he could earn only small wages . There might be a " grammatical " compliance with the agreement on the part of a master ,-but it would be a violation of its spirit , and no magistrate would think of committing in such a case . On the other hand , is there to be no improvenmnt » nd corresponding advance ? It is a mistake , indeed , altogether , to suppose that a magistrate is bound to commit : he may commit , abate wages , or discharge the servant . And suppose two years ago s , m : m engaged to work at certain prices , tho price of that day ; and suppose wages rise , and the man ' s fr'low workmen get twenty per cent , more than he is entitled to ; and suppose the master still insists on his contract—what magistrate would like to
commit m such a case ? I do not imply that such questions as these apply to Mr . ' Porry : I only put them to show that the " grammatical" words of an agreement arc not every thing , and how difficult it is to settle such arrangements by anything but the current wages of the day . I havo referred to this matter with preat regret . I have no sympathy with Chartists or Trades' Unions , and no idea that wages can be settled b y such associations or means . But magistrates cannot bo influenced by such references : they can only administer the Jaw to the best of their judgment , and trust to a fair and impartial interpretation of their conduct . It is in justice to the magistrates who so kindly sat with me on the occasion to which I am referring , that I have noticed Mr . Perry ' s handbill , and I hope that I havo not done bo in one word more than was necessary . "
Wo must leave Mr . E . Perry for this week . His worthy brother has especial claims upon our attention . Ex-Town Councillor George Henry Perry , tho convicted misdemoanist , the catspaw of the hope and pride of the family , has been thrusting his paw among the burning chesnuts ; he has been over to France and i p veigled ten live Frenchmen to assist him in trampling upon the rights of British labour . We venture to prophecy , that tho Frenchmen , when they become thoroughly acquainted with
the disreputable position ; designed for them , will deem it an insult to their national honour , will consign the " beautiful brothers " to the region below , and compel the " bruiser" either to send them back again , or pay them the standard wage of tho town . This infamous proceeding Las , as far as we know , but one parallel—that of Caslon and Co ., the typefounders ; but we arc quite sure that tho Tin Plate Workers of England will come forward as one man , and support this committee in defeating the damnable conspiracy against British labour .
We hold our fellow workmen of France guiltless of any dishonourable intentions . We are sure they have been basel y deceived and allured b y false promises and false statement ? . We sincerely and heartily pity these poor fellows ; and if , as wo suspect , a wrong has been done to them , we will see if thoro is no possibility of making that wrong right . What , now , will the people of Wolverhampton think of their townsman—tho rejected of St . Paul ' s and St . John ' s—the aspirant to the honourable office of a British alderman—this
un-English money-grubber ?• How long is the respected namo of Thrustans to be polluted by . a presumed participation with this despi . cable faction ? Why , we should think there was enough of the John Bull about Mr . Fearncombe to induce him to repudiate the attempt to bring English labour to the continental standard . He who , when he worked as a journeyman at King ' s , in Cock-lano , was so sturdy a stickler for the rights of labour—the foremost man in all the Btrikes and turn-outs of his day—who cenccived himself an " oppressed individual" if he earned less than £ 5 for a week ' s labour ,
To tho members of this Association . wo are sure that the mcro statement of these disgraceful facts will call forth a atern demand upon this Committee to maintain , with undiminished energy , the struggle thoy arc engaged in against a couple of the meanest and most dishonourable tyrants that ever disgraced the name of employer . We have just received Mr . Robinson ' s reply to Mr . Perry's letter , and counsel ' s opinion . We invite our members' attention to this important rejoinder . We think they will agree with us , that the case of the Tin Plate Workers is in a promising position , and far beyond the reach " of further damage from the Perrys , the lawyer , or the Frenchman to boot . .
We earnestly hope that no molestation or insult will be offered to these men , but they will be treated wiintnao Kindness ; and forbearance due to stran * jers . Nothing would so much injure our position m its present favourable aspect , as any proceedings which , could be construed into a breach of the law .
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We feel quite sure that a few days will bring us to a triumphant victory . Birmingham , —We deep ly regret having to report another shameful attempt to reduce the wages of one of the best and staunchest bodies—the Thick Wire Drawers of Birmingham . A Mr . Smith , sole manager to Messrs . Brown and Co ., of Fayeleystreet , Wire Drawers , is trying—by lessening the cost of production by any means , fair or unfairto undersell other houses in the trade ; and of course , the wages of labour presents itself as the item most convenient upon which to try the cheapening process . The details are too intricate to enable us to fully explain the case this week . It may be sufficient to state , that the Central Committee have taken ihe most prompt and energetic means to repel this un-
just aggression upon the wages of the wiredrawers , and they l'ave the strongest , hopes of a speedy and successful issue . We shall enter fully into the question next week . The demand upon the space so kindly awarded us by the editor of tho Star , alone precludes us » from giving a full report this week . We rely with undiminished confidence upon a continuation by our members of that prompt and generous support which has enabled the Ontnil Committee to maintain this protracted struggle in Wolverhampton . We can assure them it is no ordinary contest we are engaged in . Wo have taken up and mamtained a most important principle—one hitherto little understood by the working classes , and
treated with scorn and derision by the Perrys ot trade— " the right and power of the working classes by combination , to fix the value of their labour . " We have shown that- this can he done constitutionally , and if it is so practicable in behalf of one trade in one town , we cannot see why the trades of Great Britain should not cany out the principle to its utmost possible extent . We prove the soundness of our theory by the success of our practice ; and we are confident it will be soon scon , acknowledged , and acted on by the thousands who are now constrained , by want of this legal combination , to accept the miserable dole which the avarice of capital he *
grudgingly awards to its ignorant spiritless slaves . We point , tho road to a glorious revolutionfor British industry , not , perhaps , to bo achieved in a year , but if determinedly persisted in , inevitable in its results . We may adopt , with a slight variation , the spirit of those b ' eautiful lines : — " Labour's battle once begun , Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son , Though always lost , is ever won . " Then courage , lads ! there is hope in tbe future , there is certain viciory for perseverance and bravery , William Pbei / , Secretary . 259 , Tottenham-court-road .
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THE TYPE-FOUNDERS' STRIKE . Committee-room , ISth November . Sir , —The No . 1 Lodge of the London Society of Operative Bricklayers have sent a gift of £ 5 to help us in our present strike . We are now in our twentythird week , and still firm and fast together . Your obedient Servant , Robert Yuill , Secretary .
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THE BEFUGEES . Sir , —In reading the Star last week we have seen the account you have given of the Hungarians , and the miserable state they arc in , which induced a few friends to set about getting a few shillings for them . It is but a trifle , we being all working men ; yet , what we have got has been given with a good hearfc towards the cause of freedom . You will find
enclosed an order for £ 1 2 s . Cd ., and we feel confident that you will take , or send it to the proper quarter , and acknowledge it in this week ' s Star . We think , if you continue your appeal , that something more might be done to relievo the poor Hungarians . May the blessing of God be on you and all who are labouring to aid their fellow men . George Edward , secretary . To W . Rider . Little Bolton .
rniENDS ,--I most sincerely thank you , and all others who have so promptly responded to the appeal made on behalf of the suffering exiles ; and , I can assure you , that each and all of the worth y recipients of your kindness feel inexpressible gratitude for your timely ministration to their necessaries , I see a , storm browing , and if you hear the enemy malign and misrepresent the exiles , listen not . Depend upon it , men , influenced by sinister motives , will lift up their voices
against these poor victims whom tyranny has driven from their homes . Heed not such snarlers . The men are destitute , far from home , and have sought an asylum here . They arc a momentarily overpowered portion of freedom ' s valiant sons , who crave shelter until their strength be renewed again to battle with tyranny ' s host . Let us all * then , do our duty . Alljnoniessent through the " Star" shall be paid over weekl y , and in presence of the Bofugeeaonly . Yours truly , Wm . IllDEK .
Rational Hatro Arontpanm
Rational Hatro arontpanm
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TO THE MEMBERS OP THE NATIONAL LAUD COMPANY . Gentlemen , —You are aware , from the advertisement in the Northern Star of the 16 th inst ., that a meeting of the members , resident in London , was to take place in the City Hall , Golden-lane , on Wednesday evening , the 20 th of November , purporting to be for the express purpose of aiding the Directors in the winding up of the Company ' s affairs , but was , in reality , called for the purpose of vilifying the characters of men , at least , as honest , in every respect , as their calumniators . As one of the Directors I feel it to be my duty to the shareholders in the provinces , as well as a duty which I owe to my own character , to briefly give a statement of facts in reference to the above
ng . In the first place , after a month's strenuous exertion on the part of the concoctors , in a town containing between five and six thousand . shareholders , they were enabled to get a meeting of fifty-two , including reporters , three directors , and four from Snig ' s End and Minster Lovel . But what will the provincial shareholders think , when they are told that they are amongst the most vituperative of those who are so particularly interested in their welfare ? one is not a member of the Company , and another nas paid the astounding amount of eight shillings and tenpence , but not one farthing towards the general expenses of the Company ; another of the principal movers in the affair has paid six shillings , but nothing to the Expense Fund . Thus , it will be seen , that oufc of the four delegates , two have paid , unitedly , 14 s . 10 d ., and a third nothing .
Then we had Mr . Beatie , who has done all he could to injure the Company , and John Gathard , who \ rjfole to the Manchester manufacturers , to see if they would advance him tho means of throwing the Minster Estate into Chancery . We also had a Mr . Kinross , from Snig ' s End , who has been injured by being allowed to live rent free , and , in addition , received the Aid money , for being kind enough to occupy the Company's property . In conclusion , I ask the shareholders generally , can they believe that these men are actuated by a desired to benefit the Company , or is there not a baser design at the bottom of their intrigues ? 1 understand that after Mr . O'Connor and the Directors had left they were denounced in no measured terms . The Directors are , however , conscious of their own integrity and upright conduot towards the Company , and truet to time to set them right with the country . I am . Gentlemen , your obedient servant , * 144 , High Holborn . Wm , Dixon . London , Nov . 21 st , 1850 .
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'' Temple-street , Wolverhampton , November 19 th , " Dear Peel , —On my rolurn from Birmingham this morning I found the tovyn in commotion , in consequence of Mr . G . Perry importing a quantity of Frenchmen to supersede the labour of the residents , who desire only to receive the same price as is jpaid by Messrs . Shoolbred and Walton . " These importations show in deeper colours than all their former acts , tbe blackness of their hearts and the wickedness . of their intentions . "Themigrations of our own countrymen , through false and delusive promises , to these factories of deception , was of itself sufficient to arouse the latent
passions of a great body of the inhabitants to a grand demonstration of denouncement ; but this is a hundred-fold more dangerous in its nature to the welfare , liberty , and ' independence of the workmen of this town . U is a movement to terrorise , as it is to impoverish the poor , and reduce the inhabitants to a state of beggary . Ho that is not for us is as . iinst us . lie that hires foreign labour to supersede that of his own countrymen is as great an enemy to the nation as the bitterest foe without the dominions . If these men desire to Frenchify their work and their manufactures , let them , in tho name of common sense and common
justice to ouv common country , take themselves and their ill-gotten booty to foreign shores . " This is another blow ac-the independence ot English labour , by one who has risen—some few years ngo—from the dunghill of nothingness . This wanderer , who has been driven from the shores of America , an > l who was lately convicted , in the full penalty and costs for assault , will nob bo allowed by Englishmen , whether unionists or not , to do just as he pleases in regulating the happiness or misery of the people of this town at his will . God forbid that ever England should bo filled with , foreign labour , or that foreigners should be allowed to govern the prices of English labour .
" I remember reading of riots , acts of parliament , and other methods being adopted to destroy the influence of a foreign power . I also remember , on a recent occasion , of thousands of our fellow countrymen being driven from the shores of France , because they competed with French labour . " 1 hope that these men , just imported from Republican France , will not be the instruments of English oppression , or that they will allow themselves or their brave countrymen to be made tlia dupes and willing elaves of those whose onl ; . ' desire is revenge and the impoverishment of the people . " Dear Peel , these acts of tyranny and i / inck oppression deserve the condemnation of all honest hearts , and the determination of all good and true men to tread tho system to dust as they would the foulest monster .
" Good Heavens ! what , Frenchmen to be brought to the town of Wolverhampton to destroy all future prospects of Englishmen ! Will not this arouse the unionists of Great Britain to action , and beat down for ever the actors in this foul and base tragedy ? I cannot trust myself upon this question , for its atrocity ia of so black a character . But I do hope , that you who are far away away from the scene , will lay before the public this monstrous injustice in all its naked deformity . There is no doubt hut that they have been inveigled hero by false promises , which , sooner or later , will be brought to light , and recoil on the head of the deceiver with a tenfold severity . For , " There is a time when men , oppressed , despised , ill-treated , and unfed , Will all their mighty vengeance hurl on their oppressor ' s head . " " I am , dear Peel , yours , < fcc , " Thomas Winters . "
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Explosion on Boabd a French MAiww-WiH .- " A dreadful accident took place three daya ajoat Brest , on hoard the Valmy , 130 mm f'f ' Jitet the vessels which composed the Cherbourg fleet . The master-gunner was preparing [ %%$%££ firework ,, tolerve » t certain cases »| gM- Wgjf when by some accident the powae j ^ s ^ caught fire andi tfggW ^ £ s ° 7 f nd / even other upper eck , and W ; in their cots . Two men who were jyi" £ g 01 . ousfy wounded , one of other sailors «»™!*» ^ a dozen we re whom ^ . ° ^ CfiigmentswhichJew about . SS&sssSSPew + hpir colours half-mas ^ hn ^ ^ ,. ^^ ^^^^^ LORD KUGBNT , M . ^ # WtoK »\ Th C accounts received inAp ^ reJ ^ ilQ ® t » dfiftp to be in a veryprecariwft / Siat ^ ii ? - ' - ^ . a u ^ Vy * ,
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MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS . A public meeting of the London shareholders was held at the City Chartist Hall , Golden-lane , on Monday evening , but the attendance was not extremely large , owing to the state of the weather and the doubt as to Mr . O'Connor ' s presence . Long before the chair was taken , however , Mr . O'Connor arrived . Messrs . M'Grath and Dixon ; Messrs . Gathard , Beattie , and Harrison , from Minster Lovel ; Mr . Kinross and another delegate , from Snig's End , were also present . Mr . Illingworth was called to the chair , and briefly opened the business of the meeting , after which Mr . Dowlisg moved the following resolution : — " That the Land Company was established for the
purpose of placing the artificially-made surplus population on tbe idle lands of this country , but the ignorant selfishness of the government , aided by a base , hireling press , having rendered their plans abortive , it is expedient to wind up the affairs of tbe Company as speedily as possible . " He believed they would all agree with him , that if the government had allowed them to carry out their plans as they originally intended , that the Company would now have been in prosperity . A great philosopher had asserted that the system of government , which did not provide good education and profitable
employment for all its subjects , was a libel upon the name of government . If the Legislature had not openly opposed them it had done it covertly and insiduoutly . A Minister of Religion , too , had exerted bis influence to induce the allottees not to pay a just rent . The landlords of this country bad better be careful how they sanction such proceedings , or the system might come home to them . Since he had entered the room he understood that £ -5 , 000 was due , on the various estates , for reut . Some of the allottees bad said they bad no objection to pay interest for the money expended , but they would not be tenants-at-will to Mr . O'Connor . These
allottees bad no objection to accept other meu as tenants-at-will under them at a greatly increased rental . He was anxious to assist Mr . O'Connor in preserving the property of the shareholders from their grasp . Mr . Commi . vgs seconded the resolution , which was unanimously adopted . Mr . Talbots moved the second resolution : — " That it is expedient to call a Conference , to which the bill for winding-up should be submitted previous to its introduction into parliament . " So much had been said about winding up the Company ,
and it had been so long promised , that he thought it time they looked after their own business . The misdirection on the part of the directors had spoilt a glorious plan . Mr . O'Connor had stated in the Committee-room , that he paid the directors their salaries ; why , then , did they not pay rent ? why was the Land-office kept open ? and why did they have no balance-sheets issued ? He had been told that bis name was not even on the books of the Company ; the directors time of office had expired , and he thought a Conference was necessary to examine into those things .
Mr . Humphreys seconded the resolution . Mr . O'Connor had informed him that the laying the bill before Conference could not lie carried into effect , as the matter was in the bands of the Parliamentary Agent ; still he thought that a Conference would be productive of considerable good , as great dissatisfaction existed in London , and , he believed , generally throughout the country . The directors had , iu his opinion , abused the power entrusted to them ; they had created much distrust among the members of the Land Company , and , by their political treachery , had assisted to injure the cause of Democracy by setting them all in opposition , one to another . He wished to know whether Mr . O'Connor coincided with them ? If Mr .
O'Connor agreed with the directors and the members of the League , whom he saw present , he would fall with them . He believed Mr . O' Connor would act right , if left to himself ; but if the calling of a Conference was left to the directors , he did not think tbe arrangements would give satisfaction . He was for rendering Mr . O'Connor any assistance in winding it up . Mr . O Ooxxob , on rising , stated that he was sorry that the two last speakers had broached subjects calculated to produce disagreement . About £ 100 , 000 had passed through the bands of the directors , and no one could charge them with embezzling one farthing , whilst several of the local treasurers had been guilty of fraud . The reason they had issued no balance sheet was because their receipts hod been so trifling , and they retained the
office and the directorship because they must have a place to keep the books in safe custody , and there was much work for the directors to do prior to the meetiug of parliament . As long as funds came in , so long was a balance sheet regularly issued . One speaker had stated , that many attempts had been made to wind it up ; he had never attempted to wind it up until the Court of Queen ' s Bench had pronounced it to be illegal ; the expense of winding it up would amount , in the first instance , to £ 400 , and he could not proceed last session for want of funds ; he had lately paid £ 10 for advertisements out of his own pocket . Both Lord Campbell and Sir Frederick Pollock had declared , that according to law , the property was his own , but he would rather break stones in the road than defraud the
shareholders . As soon as the Company was wound up he would start another on Ms own responsibility , and would never rest satisfied until he bad placed every man , that desired it , upon the Land , under his own vine and fi ^ -tree , Mr . Allnut inquired what locality Mr . Talboys belonged to , and showed that- it was the fault of the local officers and not the directors , if bis name was not on the book . Mr . Staixwood inquired why Mr . O'Connor had paid £ 10 out of his own pocket , when £ 70 had been subscribed for the winding up of the Company ? and why the Exchequer Bills they saw in the balance sheet were not sold to meet the expenses of winding up . Mr . Gathard wished to know what had become of the money received from tbe sale of a portion of the Dodford estate , and from the sale of materials at the other estates ?
Mr . O'Coxxoh showed that tho £ 70 subscribed was spent in preparing the hill last session , and that the whole funds of the Company had been expended in completing the various estates , besides several thousands which they were indebted to himself . The Exchequer Bills alluded to were the property of the Bank , and not the Land Company . The sums derived from the land and materials were not large , and the receipts had been spent in paying various tradesmen , to whom accounts were owing , rent of office , salaries of directors , < fce . He trusted they would allow the discontented allottees to make their statements , that he might answer them before he left . Mr . Hofkiss said , he had above £ 20 in the Land Company ; that , if it were woundup , he would again invest it in Mr . O'Connor ' s new Company , and that he was willing to give £ 2 or £ 3 towards helping Mr , O'Connor to wind it up .
Messrs . Beattie and Gatdabd , from Minster Lovel , made a long statement of grievances , and also read a letter from Mr . J . Knight ; the language they used was very violent and insuring , and it was with difficulty the Chairman could procure them a hearing . Their statements may be summed up as follows ;—That rent had been demanded of them in Mr . O'Connor ' s name , which they refused to pay , because they would not be his tenar . ts-at-la . w ; that they were willing , when able , to pay it as interest , but not as rent ; that they had been serveo" with distraints , but had driven off the bailiffs ; that they had been unsuccessful in their legal proceedings ;
and that during the past week they hud been ejected from their houses , and their goods taken away without any inventory being given ; that they were now encamped on an adjoining piece of ground , and were determined to battle until the last . They also stated that two persons , who had paid reut , had been seized upon , because they gave shelter to those who had been turned out ; another complaint was the land was bad , and that Mr . M'Grath and Mr O'Connor gave different statements of the cost Of their houses ; and that builders in the neighbourhood said they would have built them much cheaper ; and that they could prove that Mr . O'Connor had robbed the Company of £ 5 , 000 .
Mr . Harrisos , also an allottee at Minster Lovel , said that all was distress and desolation on that estate , but they had brought the curse upon themselves , by following the advice of Beattie and Gathard , and goin ^ to hw , instead of paying their just debts ? He then gave a fahocking picture of the state of Gathard ' s , Beattie ' s , and other allotments , stating that charlock , thistles , and docks , were growing to the height of several feet , and that the crops were wasted on the ground because they Fre , t 0 ° iazy to reap them . Mr . Grimshaw , one of the best farmers there , told aim , that instead of tSH ^ OT 0 Chancer y to avoid paying rents , SSL * ! l . inade to pay compensation to the ri ^ ffiM ? " themanner in which they had detenorated the value of the property . The houses and
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— NoTEMBER 23 , 1850 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 5
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DEPARTURE OF MfiS . LaCET A 5 D FaMILT FOB Australia . —Mrs . Lacey and family left London per steamer , on Saturday morning last , for Plymouth , the government ship , the Garland / lying in that port , bound to Sydney , which is to convey hei to her husband . It was expected that tbe Garland irould sail on Wednesday or Thursday last . With a view to the defence of any legal proceedings that may be adopted , Cardinal Wiseman has , ¦ we bear , retained Mr . Peacock , the eminent Queen ' s Com £ eL—l ? onconforr , iist . <^ , __
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 23, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1601/page/5/
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