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llftttotml &a«B orotnpatii?.
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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My Friends , V . In little more than six weeks after yon haveread this letter the •* Show Box' * will have opened ; and I invite you now , and implore of yon , to dispel all antagonism , and establish a thorough union amongrtyour order , so that your representatives—if I may call them soand the Ministers who rale you , may base { heir principles upon your union , and not upon their own joggling and chicanery . I am nappy to find that that foolish and injurious dissension , which so long weakened our ranks
and injured our cause , IB being laid aside . I attended a meeting at Greenwich , on Monday night last , and I never saw a more attentive body of men and women assembled together . Mr . Brown , a working man , occupied the chair , and performedMB duty most admirably . That meeting was called for the purpose of assisting the poor Polish , and Hungarian Refugees ; and after my speech i succeeded in raising two pounds fifteen shillings and tenpence halfpenny . Now , if all towns would contribute that amount to carry on the Chartist movement , we would be enabled to hare able and eloquent speakers traversing the
country , and propounding our policy and poli « tics . If the middle classes desire to propound any principle which is likely to serve their own purpose , and to enable them to hold power over you , fifteen or sixteen hundred pounds is subscribed at one meeting ; and are you foolish enough to think that that class would subscribe fifteen hundred pence ,- or fifteen hundred farthings , to improve the con : dition of the slaves , from whose very blood , sinews , and marrow , they extract that wealth . Which enables them to live luxuriously ? - - ~' Although a better union now exists amongst ^ your ow n order , I regret exceedingly that
there should be any disamon betwegnJLbfl di *> trie * leaaerro ^ b s ^^ S ^^^^^ fi ^^^ j s ^ ^ g ^^ ti ^^^ n ^ n 4 <^| a ^ iy ^^ ltil ^ pies , and expresslulwrasehtim ' ents , without being reviled for doing so ; and I have now come to the conclusion that , after next week , no such antagonism shall be published in the Northern'Star . If anything appears this week which requires a reply , that reply shall be published ; but there the matter shall end , as your enemies will base their power npon your disunion .
Of course , as I decide that every man has a right freely , fairly , and openly to express his opinion , I take this opportunity , and after mature and serious deliberation , of expressing my approval of holding a Conference in Manchester , and before Parliament meets , and for the reasons which I have frequently stated before , and from which no argument has ever diverted my mind . Of course , you will naturally come to the conclusion that I base my policy upon that principle which is l > est calculated to serve your order ; but , as I before stated , while I give you my own opinion
freely , I will abide by the will of the majority —not of towns or villages , but of population ; and I think you will all admit that thai is a fair principle . I have stated to you before—but I -will repeat it again , in order that yon may come to a fair conclusion as to my principlesthat , in 1839 , 1 was offered to be placed upon the bench as an Irish judge , if I would abandon Chartism aad leave the Conference ; and my reply was , that if Government amalgamated all the offices , Governor-General of India , Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland , Lord High
Chancellor , and Prime Minister , that I would rather beg my bread and uphold my principles , than abandon them and accept all those offices . I have also told youbefore , thatthepresentLord Eddisbury , whipper-in to the Whigs , told me that I should har& the whole patronage of the great county of Cork—of course , upon the ¦ understanding that I would support the Government upon a question of great importance , then under discussion ; and , without giving an answer , I voted against the Government , which , he told me , was a very unusual practice .
Ubw , my friends , can I give you a clearer definition of the treachery of your representatives , than the fact of many Irish tools and lickspittles being made noble lords and baronets , and some getting lucrative situations , for opposing and voting against the very principles npon which they were returned ? And now , believe me when I tell yon , that members ¦ who profess to represent you in the House of Commons , will sell you for office or situation . For Goifs sake , do not for a moment believe that traffickers , who can coin then * wealth out of your dependence and misrepresentation , care one single farthing for you . No ! they may cater for popularity , and spout Liberalism , but their Liberalism means
SELFINTEREST . My friends , you will find that not only all Europe is in a state of incipient revolution now , but that the Northern and Southern States of America are also preparing for a revolution . The Catholic clergy of Ireland , and the Irish people , are in a state of frenzy —and naturallv so—that has not existed for many years . The Catholic clergy of Ireland would not allow the Irish people to join with Smiie O'Bbien because he was a Protestant ; but yoa may rely npon it that they will all , and naturally , join the Pope and Cardinal Wiseman ; and this ia the struggle that I wish to prepare you for
The papers all exult in the return of Mr . Gooid for the county of Limerick , and in the defeat of Mr . Byas , the Catholic candidate ; but yon must observe and understand , too , that the poor Catholic electors have nearly all been obliged to emigrate to America , or elsewhere ; while the Protestant electors are able to remain at home— that you are not to draw any conclusion of the Irish mind or feeling from tha telection . lore of
Working men , let me once more imp you , and entreat you to gire up all antagonism . The government , parsons , and pious men will now try to divert your mind from politics , and turn it to the Papal question . I suppose you have read the sermon of that pious parson , Dr . McNeil , in which ho most brutally stated , that sue should have no respect for the life of the Catholic , and that all Catholics were sure TO GO TO HELL ! I think this pions Christian parson gave the Irish Orangeman ' s ioa « t— "THE POPE IN THE PILLORY , THE PILLORY IN HELL , AND THE BEVIL PELTING PRIESTS AT HIM . " 2 * ovr , if the Catholics do go to hell , I hope they will not have the misfortune to meet this pVoiL parson there , as I think he is most likely TO GO TO TURGATORY-the
fittest place for him . . f In conclusion , let we once more imp lore ot you to dub your minds together , abanoon all antagonism , and hold a Conference in Manchester before Parliament sits ; and observe the wise system of the miners in electing yonr Execntive—that is , let the candidates be submitted to each locality , and let the representative of that locality state to the Conference the name of the person elected . Working men , this is the time for you to be up and doing ; and let me implore of you to abandon yoar apathy , and prove your devotion to tout cause . * Your faithful Friend and Aavocate , Feargus O'Coxnok .
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cp « < m Tneelin" held at Mr . Hooper ' s , iSSZtfZgt&stfzSit-£ ff ? J £ SSASS ™ ' »/ i m Sf tSfi- ^ - ^ H ESSH&sp" ^ te S £ S » Natioml CnABMii / sD Social Rs-JZfrZrii -The Committee of Observation met ^ uS ^ vniing . - w L « fer . «» transactions financial aid * 1 *« bUaiflOSS / afljOUincd . : •• _ •¦ " -
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NORTHAMPTON COUNTY COURT . Chapman , James Steal , Jesse JTeal , Thomas Real , J Poster , M . Foster , T . Poster , v . O'Connor . Heard June 12 th 1850 ; Judgment delivered December 11 th , 1850 . These cases-were hoard at the Court held here in June last . The Plaintiffs were subscribers to . the Na tional LandCompany , and theDefendan ^ is themanag . inff Director of the same concern . In semeactions , previously brought inthiscourtagainstthe same Defendant , under similar circurastancea-ScUhe present / i ^ ss ^ j ^^ J ^ ^ Jks ^^ m ^^ Q ^^ iSiuiikiii
ttoj ^ jea . ^^ nfe ^ tne "Company was only provi-BJbnSly registered , contrary' to the provisions of the 7 and 8 Tic , chap . 110 , ( the Joint Stock Company ' s Act , ) which prohibits the receiving of more than 103 . on each £ 100 , before complete registration . No question was raised , nor did it occur to any one ( so far as I know ) to doubt whether the scheme in question was within the scope and subject to the provisions of that statute . But since those judgments were delivered here , the Court of Queen ' s Bench has decided that this Company is not within the provisions of the Joint Stock Company ' s Act , and , on that ground , has refused to enforce its complete registration . To this decision , while I regret its consequences , 1 am bound implicitly to submit . It follows from it , that this matter must be dealt with without any reference to the statute referred to . It is clear that the ground on which my former judgments proceeded is thus entirely cut
away . It was urged , indeed , for the Plaintiffs , 1 st—That the Defendant having represented this Company as provisionally registered must be subject to the same liabilities as if it were within the statute ; and 2 ndly— That the consideration for the payment of the subscriptions by the Plaintiffs had failed , thai consideration being shares in a Company within the provisions of the Joint Stock Company's Act , and capable of being completely registered . As to the first point , Mr . Becke relied on a passage from my judgment in tbe case of Gubbins v .
O'Connor , delivered on tbe 2 nd of July , 1849 , which , however , applies only to the case of complete registration being refused , on ike ground of the illegality of the , Company . To hold that the prohibitions and liabilities , imposed by the statute , did not apply in the case of a scheme , which , but for its illegality , would be within the provisions of the act , would be to defeat the objectof the Legislature , which may well be taken to have been to ensure the sifting and investigation of schemes of a certain kind before the full amount of the shares can be called for , or tbe projects permitted to be thoroughly carried out . Bat it is otherwise in the case of
schemes to which , from their very nature and constitution , the act does not apply at all . Though they may , by mistake , have been provisionally re gistered . All that one can say in such cases is , that the Legislature has not thought it necessary to makeanyprovisions or to takeany special precautions respecting them . It may be somewhat startling to have to place the National Land Company in this latter category , but this follows from the decision of the Court of Queen ' s Bench , to which we must defer here .
As to the second point , I am not satisfied that the Defendant undertook , as part of the contract on his side , that this scheme was within the Joint Stock Company's Act , or that it ever would be c 6 mpletely registered , provided its objects could be ob ^ tained without complete registration . And as the Plaintiffs all stated that they had never heard of that act or of complete registration , it is clear that such considerations formed no part of the induce ment to them to part with their money . The case then comes to tbis-the plaintiffs paid their money
for shares in a concern in which they are not specially protected by any recent Legislative enactment . They paid it , expecting that they would each receive an allotment of land . Upwards of three years have elapsed and no land has been allotted to them . On the other band , the Defendant does not appear to have held out to them any specific period within which every shareholder was to become an allottee ; and though there is too much reason to believe that the scheme is , as a whole , utterly impracticable , yet it is not proved that the Defendant , when he received the money , knew or believed it to
be so . In other words , neither failure ot consideration nor fraud , is made out by the evidence before me ; and withont one or the other of these the Plaintiffs cannot recover . Besides , I presume it mould now be considered that the Plaintiffs became partners with the Defendant immediately on the payment of their subscriptions , and the investments of money in the purchase of Land . I am thus reluctantly compelled to come to the conclusion , that this Court can afford the Piaintiffs no redress for the losses they have sustained through their blind and misplaced confidence in the Defendant . There must be a judgment of non-suit , of course , without costs , as the Defendant did not appear . WESTMINSTER COUNTY COURT . —Thubsdat . DONALDSON V . O ' cONJfOB , M . P .
The Plaintiff , an npboisterer and decorator , carrying on business at 15 , Pierepoint-row , Islington , sought to recover £ 5 4 s ., under the circumstances thus set forth in the summons— " False pretences , and contrary to the rules of the said Society—the Society ordering Mr . O ' Connor to refund the amount , and Plaintiff repudiating the shares so Upon the case being called , a son of the Plaintiff ' s deposed that his father was dangerously ill , and could not by any possibility attend . His HbxoiJB said he supposed tbe Plaintiff wished for a postponement , and if Mr . O ' Connor had no objection to urge why it should not be deferred under ; he circumstances , he had none . .. ... Mr . O'Consok : I have not the slightest objection if it wonld be anv inconvenience to the Plaintiff . Upon this the " son of the Plaintiff applied for a fresh summons , without costs , which was granted .
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- ^ pg »— THE CHARTIST VICTIM WILLIAM CUFFAY ' TO THE EDITOK OF THK SOOTHERS STAB Sir , —Yonr readers and the public generally were given to understand that William Cuffay and his fellow-sufferers on landing at Tan Diemen s Land received a ticket of leave , and were consequently m a state of comparative freedom ; we know this to be the fact with regard to Jleagher and his companions , and also relative to Lacey , who was transported with Cuftay , and whose wife has sailed to rejoin him , but the following letter from the Home Office shows that the public have been deceived as to tbe fate of William Cufir . y . His friends not bavii . " received any communication from him since leaving En ^ and were surprised at his silence , and his wile , who was residing in Chatham workhouse , applied f < T information , and also for a free passage , to he enabled to follow him . The following ia the mmiIv she received . I trust soms public steps will be taken relative to this matter , if not it will reflect disgrace 011 tLe Chartist body .
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shall have been reported that he has > received a ticket of leave . Should your husband atarij ^ tiEoej by good conduct , have earned that indulgence , sS would receive that assistance in proceeding . tp Vaff Diemen ' s Land which is granted ini ' simila ' r- ' casei ^ that is , half the expense of the passage be paid on ; behalf of the parties , and the proper outfit be furt ' nished , and if they are forwarded to the p lace ' of embarkation , the Colonial Laud and Emigration Company wilUumish them with a conveyance- ' t& their destination . The expense of a passage to Van Diemen's Land may be assured at £ 15 for adultv and half for children . : V" I am , your 3 , &c , . : . ¦ " W . Hawbs , Secretary . " - ^
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POLAND , HUNGARY , AND ENGLAND . . ; A public meeting was held on Monday evening at the Lecture Ball , Greenwich , for the benefit 0 the Refugees . At eight o ' clock the Hall was wet filled , and Messrs . O'Connor and Jones , wen loudly cheered on maki / ig their appearanoe , ^ were likewise about twenty Poles and Hungariani who accompanied them . "¦ ¦ ¦ •' ' -s Mr . Brown having been voted to the ( chair ; alluded to a meeting held in that Hall by Lor j Dudlev Stuart , and showed that , though the £ e ; nj 0 j were the countrymen , and fought under the ba&ndH ol ? K 6 wutgi Bengarid Dembinskj . jet , they ^ a 8 «» immmmmm ^ imm ^ hir I ™ friend *
They had then on the platform tho standard bearet of Bern , and he trusted that the men of Greenwich would nobly support them . How could they look Kosauth in the face , when he came to England , if tbe . v allowed bis fellow countrymen to starve ? Any subscriptions for their benefit , must be sent to him at- Turnmill-street , Clerkenwell , or to tbe Trades' body , Rising Sun , Calendar-yard . When the Chairman concluded , a song was given by the Refugees . Mr . O'Connor , on rising to address the meeting , was received with loud cheers . He was pleased in attending that meeting to support his Polish and Hungarian brethren , yet it made his blood run cold , to know that they were banished from their
country because they endeavoured to promote its prosperity . It these men bad been the great and noble of the land , if it was men ofhigh station only who had been banished , tbe government of thiscountry wonld have magnificently supported them . . Lord Dudley Stuart and the aristocratic admirers of Poland supported only the rich — those who who were able to take care of themselves . ( A Voice , "No . " ) Who was it that dared to say " No ? " Had he ever given one farthing to these men—had they received the least benefit from the entertainment at Guildhall , which professed to be for Poles ? It was well known that they had not . Let him then ; , not again be interrupted by those who know not . the facts . ( Loud cheers . ) Let the man who interrupted him
go to the poor bovel where these men slept two and three in a bed , and contrast that with the palaces of their aristocracy . Did it not make their blood run cold , to hear how tho ruffian Haynau treated their fellow countrymen when in his power ?—men , women , and children , equally Bubject to the lash , and other atrocities , disgusting to human nature . He regretted . that Barclay and Perkins' men had not subjected him to similar treatment ; but all honour was due , and should be given to them , for their noble conduct-. He would tow refer to the political aspect of their own country , and he hoped they would soon' be in a condition to hinder any nation from oppressing its subjects . They would soon have a revolution in England—not a physical ,
but a mental revolution , and little John Russell asking them what they wanted in addition to the Charter . Property was daily getting into fewer hands , the poor were becoming poorer , and the rich richer :, he did not mean that the poor were in a worse condition than ever they had been , but they had hot participated in the benefits shared by all other classes . During all tbe years he had sat in Parliament , there had never been such an appearance of open conflict as wa 3 now in perspective . He told themthat , in one month after its assembly , there would be such a revolution in the . minds of the House of Commons as had never yet been witnessed . All the Irish Catholics in the House , who were , formerly the greatest supporters of the
government , who were complete lick-spittles to the Ministers , would now be Lord John Russell ' s greatest opponents . John O'Connell would no longer be heard calling upon them to support their young and lovely Queen . The party broken up by the death of Sir Robert Peel would merge into tbe Whig and Tory ranks . ( " No . " ) Who said ' No ?" What did they think constituted the difference between a Whig and a Tory , but the touchstone of the Treasury ? In Ireland they had seven and a half millions of Catholics , and only half a million of Protestants . Ireland constituted England ' s greatest difficulty , and would ever remain so , while she was tyrannised over and down-trodden ; and this gave the priests of that country the power that they
possessed , and deserved to possess . If the Duke of Wellington was to invade Ireland at the head of an armament of one million of men , equipped and marshalled in the most perfect manner , and their priests told the Catholic peasantry to go unarmed and face them , they would do it , and rush on certain death , believing that if they died to-day they would go to Heaven to-morrow . Lord Carlisle had been addressing meetings in the North : his speech of four columns was reported in the Times , one-half of which was poetry , and it served welt to tickle the fancies of lords and ladies . Lord Ashley and others had also been expending their eloquence on the question of Papal aggression . Did they think that these men cared one farthing about the
matter , further than it was connected with their own temporal interests ? Dr . M'Neil , at a meeting in Liverpool , had stated that every Catholic was sure to go to hell ; the Times and Chroniclewere afraid to report it , doubting its truth , and it was not until it had first appeared in the Liverpool papers that they did so . It appeared that the doctor ' s congregation were so disgusted that they went to him the same afternoon demanding an explanation . " M'Neil expressed himself agonised at what he had said , and was most willing to retract in the evening what he bad asserted in the morning ; was not such con duct shameful ? Yefc ifc was to pay a , host of those black slugs that £ 10 , 000 , 000 was yearly drawn from tbe nation . The army , also , cost
them eight millions , and poor-rates anoiner eigui millions yearly . It was to get rid of these imposts that they needed the Charter . He cared not who was on the turone . the Devil , the Pope , or the Pretender , provided the power behind the throne was greater than the throne itself . The Protestant clergy received ten millions yearly , but be asserted , that if they were offered £ 10 , 400 , 000 to become Catholics or Puseyites , they would accept the offer . Henry VIII . had put them to bed all Catholics , and they awoke in the morning all Protestants ; the reason for the change being that the Pope had refused to grant him a dispensation for adultery . He did not ask them to become Catholics , Puseyites , or belong to any of the various other sects , but he to worshiGod
asked them to allow all p according to the dictates of their own consciences , and to cease paying one sect ten millions a year for teach ing them the road to Heaven , when as each sect had a different road , they might , among so many roads , not take the right at last . In addition to his coming there to support the Refugees , he came to implore them to take no part in the Papal question : let the two parties fight it out like the Kilkenny cats , until only the tail of only one of them was left , thcu the people might come in for their l-mhts . In the ensuing year they were to have the Exhibition at the Glass Talnce in Hy de Park . Thither would come the capitalists from all quarters of the Hobe in the pursuit of cain ; they would have to
compete with the capitalists of America , and tn « 'y were men not only of money but of intelligence , for the men who had money and intelligence , from all the countries in Europe , were found hastening to America ; but even there signs of a revolution were becoming apparent ; the North and the South were arrayed in opposition to each otlier ; there , as ut this country , parties were no longer divided into Whig and Tory , but into Free Traders and Piotectionists . In England , all the Irish Catholic membcrs would side with the Protectionists in opposition to the Government . For himself he belonged to no party , be belonged to the people . For thirty years , e had advocated their cause , and though he w « us nnnnserl bv all D . irties . the Press combined , yet thurc
was not a single newspaper in England could say a word winch would defame his character , H « wfshed that all had ^ Yorkod as hard for their own liberties as he had . The base an . < l foundation ol t ' leir wretched position was their own antagonism to each other . Shopkeepers and tradesmen ought to unite with tho working man , —the better his position , the better customer lie became to tlmm . U zcaie his blood run cold to seo men , women , and dhiWrc-n , starving in a land , blessed by Providence , like England ; if that ras Protestantism he for one would never cease protesting aguinst it . lilB father builfa splendid church in tho parish m Ireand win-re he resided ; the tithes belonging to it amounted to £ 2 , 000 . The rector" lived 200 miles
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. 'Off < ° andneTi 9 r ' visil ^ itfdr '' mftny ; yean ; V . t ^| BUk }( Ke ' never attended to performM 9 mmmi 0 » pfe ^ t 0 ; to : lookfaithreatening day ; jsthia ^ clerk ^ ivedre ^ KtttSi ' mile 8 off Qn , ftcconntofasnop , he . ^ d ¦ tajkcn , ; afld . ; hadi { hi ^ salary ' r ai ^ ' ^ % stancp ; hefeaS Jtp 3 * urne . y » ^ . W ^ $ ? , . ?^ && $ > * . 8 hel [) been . house , and ; bis . daughter ,, was a prosti ^ tote / 1 The rest ' of the ' parishioners , . except KiS r atjief ' s family ,, wipe Catholics '; and for twefiff yeai's'th ' e Catholic chapel might beseen'destituteof « £ i NJof , ? whilst they had to pay this largesutri to tho , PrAteBtant ohuroh . . When he arrived ¦ -. tot manhood he attended ; sit the vestry , and they proposed a cesa pr , churc . h rate of , Sfd . p er , acre , for the r ^ jiftir of the church ; by _ the aid of nia . tenants he r . ^ d-uted ' it . to $ d ;' a . n acre , " and on ' the " next sermon being preached by
. V& ^' . yj ^ ntty detttyitaeed name fro $ Iho pulpjt-. "fiertold ' tKeijrf this ' as art illustration ; of the sittJatioh or the " - Catholics' in "relation t ' ulthe Irish i 0 £ aroh ; * ' ( Mr ; .. 'O'Connor g&ve theiriatries ; date ' s , ^ i »; 6 i aJ l tbe partie | , and places connected ; therer ^ it h ;) 'The agitation in -England ¦ wiis ; , ' Br | od . nping ; b i Jpunter agitationJn Ireland . A meeting | o £ ; ' Ca ^ ho . . fie jbiabops and prie * 8 ts ,. h ^ d , been held -in . ' ¦ ¦ Dublin' for ^ th ^ purfiose . of nrejfeiitirig \ an . a . ddress ^ tq '' . Gjajdiha . . Wiseman , inf which / ' add ' resa ^ they ' a ^ ef ' ted'ilifiiioiS Wtax ^ - fchfly ^ sh ' j ^ Sjip ' remacy as tBe'Klad of th ^ HiurCal , Watfitf not *| f « p ( omaly ; lp «^ JUheB , W ^ li ^ ^ % » one great body , when this' wag done , tho safety " and * ecurity which were said to characterise the days be in
of Alfred ^ might again foun d this country . This Papal question would produce a united response irom Ireland . Out of every twenty members of parliament eighteen Catholics would bo elected at the next election , and Russell would either have to resign or quail beneath the tempest he had created . What did they think Russell caved for besides quarter-day at the Treasury ? He would rather be Prime Minister to tho Pope for £ 5 , 500 a year , than to the ( Jueen for £ 5000 . Self interest was the grand basis of notion . It was the same with working men , the man who earned high wages looked with contempt on , and cared not for , the interest of his ill-paid brother ; his turn , to feel the scourge at length came , and all sunk in the
same gulf , from the fact of their being disunited . While representing the County of Cork , on an important question , Lord Hillsborough , the whipper-in of the government , offered him half the patronage of his county—tho eighth of Ireland—if ie would vote for ministers . He told him that has his influence returned the other member he ought to have the whole of it . When tlie motion came on Mr . Lambert moved an amendment , and he ( Mr . O'Connor ) seconded it . He bad not intended to have spoken on the subject , but this insolentattempt at bribery had forced him to it , and when questioned by Lord Hillsborough as to his rejection of the offer , be expressed his contempt and indignation at the whole system . There were not flvo truly
independent men m the whole house . Sharman Crawford , and Kelly , the M . P . for Kilkenny , who both supported his ; uiotion for tbe Charter , were so ; he did not know . another . ( A voice : "Joe Hume and George Thompson . " ) Hume had rendered the people some services , but he was not independent of the government . George Thompson —( cries of the " Rajah of Sattarah" )—he was a good man , and the treatment he had recently received in America showed the antagonism other nations felt towards John Bull . Thirty years ago , when he first came ever from Ireland , he entertained a similar feeling , but he soon distinguished between the English people and their rulers , and found that the people of > oth countries were equally oppressed . Ho thanked
God that the people of both countries were getting more sociable . Formerly , there used to be an ill-feeling against Irishmen ' coming to this country for employment ; bufc they now began to adopt Cobbett's views—that if the corn , the cattle , a '! tbe pigs of Ireland come here the Irish people had a right to come after them . There would soon be another revolution in Europe , when Lord John would be ready to grant their demands ho trusted that they would not mix Socialism or Republicanism up with the agitation . First get the Charter , and all they needed would soon be obtained . In 1780 , C ! J . Fox advocated every point of the Charter ; but when he got into power , through tlie exertions of the liberals , he brought in a bill to
prevent persons holding Commissions or Contracts under government , from having a seat in parliament , and told them that thai was the whole Charter . They must agitate for the Charter entire ; every principle of it , except the ballot , was the basis of the old constitution of this country , a constitution that was now based on everything thai was deceitful and atrocious ; let them be even more disunited than they now were he would still remain firm to the Charter ; He trusted they would see the folly of disunion , the mental power of Chartism would be too powerful for the brute force of
the government ; let them , then , have a pull , a long pull , a strong pull , and a pull altogether , and the > ower to oppress them would then for ever cease . Mr . O'Connor , who spoke with great animation , was loudly cheered during the whole of his speech . The Chairman , in allusion to the attempt of some persons to contradict Mr . O'Connor , ontered into a statement to show the manner in which Lord Dudley Stuart had acted towards the refugees . Mr . O'Connob , prior to leaving , called for a collection for the Poles , Sac , and the sum of £ 2 15 s . 10 id . was collected . During the collection a number of democratic songs wero sung .
Mr . E . Jones , who was received with applause , next addressed tho meeting in a speech of great length and eloquence , of which the following is an outline . He was pleased to hear the sweet melodies given by their Polish and Hungarian friends , but he regretted that their voices could not be heard to the music of cannon in the battle-field ,. instead of to the jingling of pence in that room . He trusted that the names of Kossuth and his companions , which had been pronounced with enthusiasm in that room , would soon be pronounced with still more rapture as the victors over their tyrannic foes . Those gallant men had thought in coming to England , that they had quitted a land of slavery to come to a land of freedom , lie could inform them
that they had come here also to a land of despotism . In the lands they bad quitted , despotism was openly practiced ; here , it was done by treachery and stealth . Give him the open and avowed foe , instead f the pretending , liberty-loving , philanthropic enemy . In England , we boasted of our charitable institutions—of our trial by jury—of our representative Jform of government—of our free press , and our right of public meeting . Yes ! they could meet in the open air , provided the polico did not interrupt them ; they could utter what they thought fit , provided they feared not imprisonment ; they had a free press , but it would not report them . Look round the room—there is only the reporter of the Northern Star , and of one other paper , present .
Toe law did not respect persons , but it had a great respoct for purses ; and , whilst they were insulted with charity , they were denied justice . They were told it was the land of wealth as well as of liberty , lie acknowledged th . it ; but how was that wealth distributed ? The few were kept in luxurious idleness , whilst the many were starving at their toil . They were told that they had arisen to this grandeur under the glorious system of competition , He acknowledged fliat the upper and middle classes Had risen ; but the working classes had descended to the lowest depths of misery . Competition , they said , was the parent of cheapness ; but ifc was also tho parent of misery . Competition meant cutting your brother tradesman ' s throat according to law .
To start a new shop you mnst sell cheapoi 1 than your neighbour . You do not want to be deprived of your profits , so you reduce tho wages of your men . Your neighbour sells his goods still lower , to undersell you ; and labour ia again made tho Bufferei . If competition was carried out alike in tho higher as the . lower classes , he should not so much , blame it ; but , at present , it only beneiittotl the placemen and iolors , the vampyres and bats of society . If it was a benefit to the roots of the tree , why not to the topmost branches ? Did they see that competition among lawyers or doctors lowered their tees ? Did the parsons save their rouIs at a lower price on account of competition ? Why was there not a competition
among crowned heads , to govern this country at a cheaper rate than £ 395 , 000 a year ? If it was good for one class it was good for all classes . He trusted thotimo would soon come when thete exiles could return to their own free country , and leave us enjoying the reality , and not the mockery of freedom . ( Hear , he . ir . ) lie was not going to natter tho working men of England any inore than their oppressors . The democracy of England was a moan , servile , and crouching thing . Ever sinco the time of the Puritans , it had been craven and sol fish , lie hoped to God that those gallantexiles would p ' roy ' q tho leaven that would infuse the truo spirit of Democracy throughout the whole of their ranks . Mr . Jo . ies then dilated upon the Papal question , showing that their interests wero no more regarded by the " Canterbury Pope" tlian the foreign Pono ,
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; ¦ g ^^ mt ^ iMn &s ^^^^^^ m ijpii ^^ . ¦ : 8 jjii ^^ : 4 ll ^^ S | ! # || ^ ' ? 0 ^ s-0 ^^^ wmw 06 miMi twm mi > G ^^^^ sM ^ mmm laid down ' ^| , e iollowing , plan of . action ^^ hatrjj r C 6 nVentSbn of ' fp H ^^ 'don ; that tbe " y sttould ^ sigri well'drawniujSpUUion ihfavour ¦ of . 'ih ; e | Cbirter ; also , othe' ^ qevelopmi their views on tbeifehure' of Land ; ^ hBlCui-renc Question , ; Law ; of : Farther ship " * nn / J ; other-Sooia Reforms . Eaohrpetition should be adopted by ; i
grand demoiistra , tion like that , pn . Kennington-com ruon in 1848 ) and" be ' -presented . ' ; io . ; the house by . a deputation . ] Iri ^ all thosp things they should act strictly within ' the Hjft ' itirof ^ th elaw '• ¦ " and ! if ' it were broken , let ilie ^ reBgofifeib'iJity rest oh those who broke it . A :-itteeting . fpf ^ bis sort should be held about every meeky and ; the-Democratic M . P . ' s should found , motion upon motion in the house upon ijbeso . petitions ;; to-the stoppage of all other business . By tfiis mea ' nBj they would compel them , to debate and : * diB 0 U 8 J ? ' - tlip questipp—and , it supported from without , would' make the . government succ <§ nb beforetfhem . : Mr . Jones thjsn stated "Bis . inteftion of { making atour in Ireland to further tfieir ptfccta , ajid s * atao « n loudly ¦ c heered . ¦ : " iT , ¦ ''" . ' * | r-aLvjor- 'Br aiptfain , ¦ ' in a ver $ excellent address , mpvd a ^ togjf ib aoks to Messrs , O'Conno r . Jones ,
^^^^^ i fm ^ Mi ^ WM well knew their tarlov&eoiidilwofmssl ^ B ^ mmBa years since come to this conn try , in a similar situation . . The major then objected to some of the statements of Mr . Jones , respecting the difference between English and continental despotism , giving it as his opinion , that greater liberty was enjoyed in England than in any European country . Having taken an active pare in the movement in 1839 , and carefully watched it evev since , he entreated them to keep to the Chauter , to accept neither less nor to agitate for more . It was such conduct that had , on prior occasions , ruined the movement . He then , in aii exceedingly witty and clever manner , alluded to Mr . Jones ' s plan of the Convention , petitioning tor other things in addition to the Charter , which gave rise to a spirited and prolonged discussion between these two gentlemen . . - of
Mr . Bbb ^ nski seconded the vote thanks , which was unanimously carried . ' A similar vote was given to the Chairman , and , after sin ^ inj ; the " Marseillaise Hymn , " the meeting dissolved .
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THE POLISH WORKING ASSOCIATION . Every honest man is in duty bound both to testify to truth , and to deny falsehood , whenever be can conscientioualy do so , we therefore unhesitatingly declare , that we do not share in the opinions pronounced by Messrs . Breanski and Jarmolinski upon the emigrants of 1830 in genera ) , and iu particular upon one of them , viz ., the Citizen Kola Bartochowski . ( See in number 084 and 885 of the Northern Star , the article headed , " The Hungarian and Polish Refugees and their dissolved committee . " ) To our knowledge all the emigrants of 1830 likewise left their families , their position , and their
fortunes , to serve the sacred cause of their country ; a merit which Messrs . Breanski and Jarmolinski claim for themselves , but appear to deny to them . Those emigrants , moreover , have not manifested towards us that indifference which Messrs . Breanski and Jarmolinski are pleased to accuse them of , for it was owing to the exertions of the centralisation of the Polish Democratic Society that a committee , composed of some members of the National Charter Association , constituted itself . As to Citizen IL Burtoctioweki , we can honestly attest that we have derived great benefit from * his endeavours , and that he has a just claim upon our gratitude .
We do not enter into the motives which prompted Messrs . Breanski and Jarmolinski to publish their article in tlie name of the Hungarian and Polish Emu gration , but we must beg leave to draw the public attention to the following facts : — 1 st . —That tbe Hungarians and Poles do not constitute one a-nd the same emigrational body . 2 nd . —That neither the Hungarians nor the Poles authorised those two gentlemen to act in their name . It is therefore evident that they must have laboured under some mistake . Would to God that no other reason had influenced them ! In behalf of the Association , CzBSNiCKi , Secretary . 27 , Wilmot-sfreet , Russell-square , December 16 th .
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THE POLISH REFUGEES . 10 inE DEMOCRATS OF ENGXAND . Brother Proletarians , —Twenty-six Polish refugees who confided in the integrity of the Old Committee are at the present time in a state of utter destitution , the committee having expended all the funds at their disposal . The committee feal justified in stating that these unfortunate exiles have a powerful claim upon the' sympathies of all wbo desire the emancipation of the human family , they having fought in the Hungarian campaign under the lion-hearted warriors and leaders , Kossuth , Bern , Dembinski , and Guyon , up to the period of the betrayal of the noble Hungarian struggle by the treacherous General Georgey . During their sojourn on our hospitable shores they
have worked at slipper making and other humble occupations , and when at work would not receive a raction from the funds , but at the present time work having failed , they are without the means of earning their subsistence , and the committee therefore trust that this appeal to the Proletarian classes will he heartily responded to . Our Polish friends receive sixpence a day , out of which they pay threepence for lodging . They are desirous of obtaining employment , and would be glad to receive intelligence of any labour to perform . A charge having been made against tho COmmittSO that at the Cowper-street meeting , fearing a disturbance from certain Polish men who were present from Turnmill-street , they engaged a number of policemen , the committee beg to state they never agreed to , nor sanctioned at any of their committee meetings , any police interference , and they altogether repudiate the charge . received
Subscriptions and communications oy E . Delaforce , secretary to the Metropolitan Trader 10 , North-square , Portland-place , Globe-lane , Mile Epd ; R . H . Bloomfield , secretary to the Whittingtbn and Cat locality , Church-row , Bethnal-green ; S . Reynolds , secretary tethe Crown and Anchor locality , "Waterloo-town , ditto ; II . Styles , secretary to East London Scientific Institution , 11 , Nelsonstreet , nackney-road ; J . E . Moring , City locality , 26 , Golden-lane , Barbican ; J . Arnott , seoretary to National Charter Association , 14 , Southamptonstreet , Strand ; Captain Rola Bartochowski , 39 , Upper Norton-street , Portland-plaeo j Leader office . Crane-court-, Fleet-street ; and by T . Ferguson , 3 , Gay ' s-buildings , Elizabeth-street , Hackney-road , sacretary to the Polish Committee . Signed on behalf of Committee , W . Davis , J . J . Bezer , J . j . Brisck , Sub-Committee .
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4 » The Refugees . —At a Committee meeting held on Tuesday week , at the Fraternal Home , Turnmill-street—Mr . Lunn in the chair—after the general business was transacted , Mr , Brown ( in reference to the dispute between tho old and new committee ) contended that that committee had no right to force a man on the funds in opposition to the Refugees . Thia had been done , That p erson had been many years in England , and had held situations as a teacher , for which he received good salaries ; he had also offered himself to the British
government as an officer for the Indian Army , but a commission of the Refugees had declared that ho was not a fit person to be placed upon the list . Mr . Brown stated that tliero were not more than seventy four Refugees , and that he could show his list of fifty-six persons . who were relying lor support on this committee . He had allayed the feelings ot the tho men , and he had the good wishes of the whole of them . Mr . Brown refuted the calumnies raised against him , and concluded by calling upon the democrats of England to support the Refugees . The address of the Trades' had given every satisfaction .
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HONESTY FUND . TO MR . ' SV . RIDEIt . Sib , —Last year I presented Jlr . O'Connor with a senp for a paid-up four-acre shave , but . that gentleman declined receiving tho same , saying it was too much for a- poor Bian to give , and telling me ho had put the scrip into the Land Office , and would take care of it for me ; I now forward to you twenty-four postage stamps , —twelve for the winding up of the Land Company , and twelve for Mr . ; O'Connor ' s l ) ef , ence Fund ; and I authorise you to pay to the las ; i named fuud ^ l out of tho fiiet-money thnt becomes payable to ine . If all tho Land £ members
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^ THE O'CONNOR DEFENCE-FUND . THE CENT RAL COMMITTEE " -OEiTHE ISA . ' ) .,-TIOSA-L ASSOCJIAWPN . OF UNITED . .,...... ;; , TRADER , .: ' -. ; V ^ ' ^" JPF ^ ' pf TitE . KonrhuisNii ^ . , 1 TteAR Sir , —I am dcsMd-by ' tlie ' Centra ! 'Gommitttte ' -of'tno' ^ ati dnal A ' ssociatipiv-to ^ request vou to . pfacotlieH ' nhmes " oiiffio ' ' 0 ' : ( Jonhor 7 Define . ;' Fund for 103 . each ; and they extremel y regreii that they Ji ^ ye ; jjgt thj ^ po . wer , by ihe . rules of tlie Ahsuihtionj &iMtmMmCk 0 j : ^ ifKi \ pno vJaudable p ^ rposo from i WSm ^^ m ^ ^ omrkth \ s'A ^ ci& 4 qK i » deeply ^^ M « iis # the mom | i » lp ? # t ! pl * Ass ^ iadon tfcV fcreat arid ' ^ ifnT ^^ a ^ ces ^ hWln ^ aiuiifig . pub-, i ioiv iu
uq » sy . uur--pnnoipi ! B 9 ^ py ^« ms-: y »»« 'w i ''' "' ^«»« "I- am sure ev eitrilo ^] iins »^ : i 3 ep ' pj } vsonfiii > le of it ; and J , therefore i ^ n |^ iv 6 jU ^ udie /; diity of ' svery membsr of lliis-9 syocmUbn' ^ . Ve 8 p ^ jiiiiali ; v ] th ()«> who ; ba ' vebeenborteSttei ' thrSughitg . aganey , thon ^ elves to do fch ' at whiohjheh ' vf ' i ^ doj ho ^ pe .-flii . ^ th ^ i > 'committee to"do' for . them , by ' commencing , in . <> very body and sectioh " of ; tbea , ssbdm ^ idn , a' subscription . to the bestbf thfeir' b ' cans , tft T > i CV 6 Dfc iL'ittrue patriot from be-ng ' ^ RUINfD BY EXPENSES , " incurred' in generous effoiftsrito obtain * tor them , their political rights , and t § i improved thrir tooial condition . ' The committee " iiope imp thi = appeal
wul . be promptly , responded to , and that "the secretaries' will make it a / duty' to bring . the > : iijject before their bodies immediately , .. and ' umjertafctt tho tiffice ^ . cf ' advocates for so just : i purpose . Vi : vndh me , sir ; to take this ; opportunity of offerh : £ Mr . O'Connor , in our own-names , and on behalf oi the thousands we represeu'Vour warhiest'thanks {« hia -kindness to us , and < Sur fervent hope that , h * may ftyejyettO . seenis'enetnies confounded ,, an £ l bid warm : ^ w ^ io | s jj ^ tlie ' emaflpl ' fta ^ on og tSe / n ^ opl ^¦ ¦• Jfconfc * . t ^^^^^^^^ ift "WihLiAM PjsEi / , Se creK' . ry . ¦ ' Central Committee : — Frederick Green , Thomas Winters , Edward'Hainpshire ; Wm . Peel , secretary . Londou , December IDfcli , 1830 .
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Manchester . —A special meeting of members wa held in the People's Institute , on Sunday , December 8 th , when the following resolutions were ¦ passed : — " That we , the nieBnlei'S Of this branch , do assist Mr . O'Connor in the Bradshaw ' s case . " The following persons were elected as a committee to coJJect subscriptions : —Thomas Smith , Thomas Stephens , Thomas Mitchel , Thomas Clark , Daniel Donavan , John Sutton , James Alcock , and "William Foster . " That in . consequence of the apathy and indifference manifested by the great body of shareholders of this branch to thuir own interest ? , and thereby throwing all the burden and expense of management upon a few of its members , we hereby authorise our officers to cense acting for all members who refuse to conform to tbe rules of
the Company , and thereby compel them , when the Company is wound up , to get their money r . $ best they can , " Bradford . —At « meeting , held on Sunday , the 15 th of December , the members present were surprised at the paragiaphs which , have appeared in the Northern Star from different localities , respecting the windiug-ug of the Land Company , some of tho branches wishing Mr . O'Connor , or the Directors , to sell ov mortgage an estate to defray tho expenses of tbe same . They ought to have learnt before now that tho estates are already moitgaged , and that tbo Bradford branch has shown , by being at the head of the list , and tlie first on it , its
feelingtowards Mr . O'Connor , and would be happy to assist him by voluntary contributions , if other localities did the same . Is ifc a democratic principle of those branches in being so very backward with their contributions , or are they afraid of their p ockets ? It is very poor encouragement for a gentlemanlike Mr . O'Connor , who has nsvev received a fraction from them , but has spent his life , his fortune , his all , for tho good of the working classes of this country . The men of Bradford hope , when Mr . O'Connor gets the affair settled , that he will form a new plan , and they will rally round , and assist him with all their power .
Asiiton-ukdkb-Ltne . —A large meeting of members was held in the Land-room , Chavlcstown , on Sunday afternoon , December 15 th , when the folio wing resolutions wore unanimously oarriud : —¦ " That the moi-nbcrs of this branch , and ' all enemies of injustice , bo solicited to pay the sum of one shilling each , towards defraying tho law expenses in the late action between Mr . O'Connor and . Bradshaw . " Thirty members paid down their shillings- - , which sum was ordered to bo scut forthwith . A eoniinifcteo was then elected to divide tlie town , ami ennvas the members and other friends . Two hundred cards were also ordered to bo printed , stating the case , and soliciting subscriptions from llu'Si ; who are too poor to pay a shilling , but who may be wiiliti" to giro according to their means . " The members of thia branch " wore warned th . it no chiini would bo made from'the brauch books for any luem ber until his levies are paid up in full . Batu . — Subscriptions will be received by ?>! r . T . Bolwoll / 5 , Gfillowa Y ' a . lniih 1 ing 8 , towards dYf-.-nying the Gxpoiises ' . uitiTirlaiit . on" the' winding iip of the affairs of tho Laud Company . " - ' : '•
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«• TO IMS . COTFATt " Downin" -strcet , Dec . 5 ih . Madam - * am directed by Earl Grey to acquaint 7 » it hi '« loidsliip bas bad under bis considera-JK tar k , £ r of he 14 th of Xovember , which was desirous of addressing to him can Jf ^ J ™ g together with the period of sailing , * nd the co ; f"y to which he was sent . In ansivor to your application to be funiisheil with tbe means of j oking > our husband in Y ; in Diemen ' s Lain I am directed to acquaint you "that it is not in Lord Grey s power to « r : ui £ assistance from the public funds tQ . any con-Yictfff-Tvife ' uf enable her tvjvm'her husband until it
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TO MR . RIDER . Dear Sir , —Enclosed you will find a post-offlco order for £ 1 10 s ., collected by a few friends in and around Halifax . It is the opinion df the subscriber * that it is intended to carry out Lord Melbourne's maxim , " Ruin him with expenses , " and wo therefore call on all true democrats to rally around Mr . O'Connor , and show partisan judges that they will not allow him to be sacrificed by such base proceedings ; at tho same time we call . upon Mr . O'Connor not to enter any more the would-be Law Courts , seeing tbat justice cannot be obtained from such * rtci-s . Yours fraternally , Uriah Hisc ' nciwrB . Halifax , December ISth . P . S . —Five shillings of the above must be Rcknow- ¦ ledged as from Cunderhills , near Halifax .
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TO Ml * . WILLIAM RIDER , Deak Sir ,- — . Enclosed are thirty stamps , as a small tribute towards Mr . O'Connor ' s unlawful expenses . I hope and trust that the lovers of freedom . will generally respond to the call , and assist Mr . O'Connor in conquering his and . our enemies , by subscribing their mites to his Defence Fund . I also hope that Mr . O'Connor will have the pleasure of seeing his Land Plan adopted through ; the length and breadth of the land . As a proof of my sincerity , if Mr . O'Connor will commence another company ( as I understand he intends to ) I will subscribe myself a member of it , although I have two shares in the one now unfortunately to be wound up . Yours respectfully , Joseph Lewis . Lantwit Vavdre . December 11 th , 1850
Llftttotml &A«B Orotnpatii?.
llftttotml &a « B orotnpatii ? .
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TO MR . FEARGUS o ' CONNOR , M . P . Dear Sib , —Enclosed you will find a Post Office Order for 8 s . 7 d ., which your undei-meniioned friends and admirers have sent as their share ur the expenses incurred in the libel proceedings , » nit permit us to say , that wo are quite tired of fighting With our enemies while they have eo many advantages over us . We are convinced , from years of sad experience , that , however often we may appeal to the law for protection , that we shall never derive any benefit from its just administration , while those against whom we war can twist it iust as thev ! ike .
Of all things , the law is the most flexible ; and those who have the power of its administration , always mould it to suit their own ends . "Wo believo it ia the policy of our enemies to entangle you in the meshes of the law : to " Ruin you with expenses , " have long been their aim ; but let them have their way , and permit them to belie and calumniate you to their heart ' s content , they will never be able to destroy you in the estimation and respect of those whose confidence you prize so hi g hly . Had we all the money which has been expended in fruitless attempts to obtain justice , what a moral war we could raise against those who rob , plunder , and oppress us . Let us act wisely , collect all our strength , together , creaie a mind ahd potll 1 its il'l'Ssktible WilVfig against the stronghold of our enemies , and batter it to pieces . We regret the difference that haa arisen respecting the time and place of holding a Conference : but if individuals or localities are to do as
they think proper without consulting the acknowledged Head of Chartism , we shall have to look in vain for that humanity of action and sentiment which is so essentially necessary to enable us to accomplish our emancipation . In conclusion , we acknowledge no man our leader ; we are lovers of principle , not men ; bufc as a proof that yoti possess our confidence and respect , we subscribe onr names with the amount of our subscription : —James Longbottom , Is .: John Longbottora , Gd . ; Thoinaa Long * bottom , 6 d . ; Abnor Longbottom , 2 J . ; Josinh Longbottom , 2 d . ; Thomas S . Longbottom , 3 d . ; John Young , 6 d . ; Jonas Swire , jun ., 6 d . ; David Swire , 6 d . ; Henry Kershnw , 6 d , ; Charles Oootes , son ; , 6 d . ; Charles Cootcs , jun ., 6 d . ; Henry Cooper , Cd . ; John Livesey , 6 d . ; Thomas Slater , 6 d . ; John B . Horsfall , Is . 6 d . ; Total 8 s . 7 d .. Yours truly , J . B . Hobsfali , Secretary .
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iwould give , £ l , "" or 10 s ., orfis ., oitf " of their shares t " would prevent . the sacrifice of one of the best men . iving , nainely ; T . e argus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . . 1 am no Chartist / but Hove . honesty of principle ia all classes of men . ¦ ' Yours respectfully , ¦ -: i ; -: - { . " , !' ¦ ¦ . Robert SIsdiford . ¦ ¦ ¦ Moss Side , December 16 th . . > .,:- ?¦¦*
To The Working Classes.
TO THE WORKING CLASSES .
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AND-NATIONAL mliil ' : li > iiiffifill
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TOL JLEM- MDOH , SATORIUYJiiiM
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THE LAUD COMPANY . My Fbiends , - Last week I had seven actions against me in the Northampton County Court , but every one was decided . in my favour . I had three in the Tewkesbury Court , and the Judge postponed judgment for a month . To-day ( Thursday ) , I had one in the Westminster Court , which , in consequence of the illness of the plaintiff , was postponed ; and I now tell all those who have sued me , and . attempted to put the Company to expense , that they shall be the very last paid-off , members . Your Faithful Friend , . 'Feargus O'Connor .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 21, 1850, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1605/page/1/
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