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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^___ - — — ) no portion of the plan has been highly euised , as evincing great practical sagacity—^ ely , the proposal to place all existing l 0 Ols under the provisions of the measure ich we assume they mean to ask from Parocnt . There may be thrift in the proposal , tit s economy is very questionable . Many these schools are structurally so defective , j sounsuited for the purpose , that it would far cheaper to commence a new , well-ar-Q ( ted , and harmoniously proportioned plan , the beg inning . feeling a deep and sincere interest in a iestion which is so intimately blended with e welfare and prosperity of all classes of the mmuuity , we shall watch the progress of the [ estfon most anxiously . If the coming Ses-Bn of Parliament adopts the principle of cal rateS j and public schools , under the maji » eiuent &&& superintendence of the local ithorities , and without any compulsory docinal and credal instruction , the foundation ill hate been laid for a rational and national ¦« tem of Education . That is the only peraneut < roarantee against the encroachments political despotism , or the diffusion of bu-> rstitious errors among our population . An . [ lightened people will not long be kept in mdaco either by politicians or priests ; lereforc , tlie spread of knowledge is contemoraueousto the progress of Democracy ; and e who does most to promote the one , most -nly labours for the steady progress , and the Itimate supremacy of the latter . iS ^^^ iS&lSSSl
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—^ THE O'COXXOR DEFENCE FUND . Losgios . —Tnefriend 3 m this town intend giving a benefit in aid of the above fund , on which occasion tie Dramatic Amateurs will appear gratuitously . The pieces selected are the interesting drama , in five acts , entitled the Castle Sjnxtre . and the Lottery i / citi . Several gentlemen of Longton and its vicinity , will sing some of the most popular songs of tie day , aud an eScient quadrille band will attend . In connexion with the above benefit , the directors of the Longton Working Man ' s Hall Lave given the use of tbo hall for the above purpose .
TO MR . IT . RIDER . Dear Sin , —Enclosed yon will find a Post-office order for the sum . of £ 1 Gs ., made payable at the General Post-office , St . Martin ' s-le-Grand , London , for the defence of that honoured an 4 esteemed champion of liberty , F . O'Connor , E-q ., M . P ., subscribed by a few friends in the cause of human redemption—a cause iu which that sentleinan has spent his life and fortune , and for advocatin" which flsaiid his family have bem persecuted and pro-Kcuted—a cause which must ultimatelv triumph , ic spite of the paltry and contemptible rubbish "Rliiih Bradsnaw , and his clique , may utter against the character of that faithful and unflinching advocate of the working classes . We hope for the fnturo ttai Mr . O'Connor will take no notice of the supercilious abuse which any party may utter , or write egainit Mm , till he can have justice at the hands of an impartial judge , and an unprejudiced jury , and that will never be until the People's Charter
becomes the law of the land . Hoping that those who call themselves leaders of the people will throw aside their differences , and unite and struggle for we ebject , instead of leadership ; and that our "totst and uncompromising friend may live to see &s e&rts crowned with success , is the ' sincere wish « jour ' s in the cause of right against might , Ebesezeb Clegg . Highiown , January 14 , 1851 .
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" * &&s that i * he Bomaa Catholics of Glasgow and neighbourhood' propose to start in that " J to weekly journal , to be called tho ihMe , for Jj } defence and adrocW Of tJjejr principles . — Wxgow llirald .
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Fob the Week Enoe Thdhsdit , January 16 in , 1851 . _ _ FOR THE THE HONESTY FUND , BECaVED OT TV . B 1 DEB . TsrS ^ . * - :: :: I ? E ^ ^ vm sMeia 8 * .: •; . ° o ° o 5 j F ^ Bro ^ ws - Foston Gate ( 2 ndsub . ) .. 0 3 0 » a » y Ann T ., Foster Gate .. . 010 Central Ilossendale , per J . Ashurrth \ . o 7 8 From Shrewsbury-J . Batho .. .. 0 1 o ^• P ° * oio For ^ XJEJJ JEBEMFEP
.. .. J . rnce .. .. .. 0 0 G J * Uornsey , Easmgton-lane .. .. 0 10 J . Bell , JIurton Colliery .. 0 0 6 Newport , Isle-of-Wigut , per G . Oliver .. 0 6 C Tiverton . perH . land ( 2 nd sub . ) .. 0 13 0 A few Friends , Dalton , near lluadersfield ., 10 0 Northampton , per J . Kejmill .. * 0 10 0 Three Lovers of Fair Play , Lincoln 0 16 A Few Land Members , Sewton Moor , Cheshire 0 5 0 W . Hansell , Nor th Shields .. . 006 BadcUffe Bridge , peril . Hamer .. 0 12 6 E . C . Tutlmry .. .. .. 010 Braintree , per J . Howe .. .. 0 2 C Messrs . Hill and ShattersNorwich 0 5 ( I
, .. Rotherham , per J . Stansfield .. * . ' . 0 7 0 From Barusley—per J . Lowe .. .. 0 4 6 PerG . TJtley .. .. .. 096 Collected at Mr . Wflcock ' s , Shakespere Inn , pwD . Liagett .. .. 0 C 6 Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. .. 0 i 10 From West Port , Edinburgh—A Somerrille .. 0 2 6 B-Burkett .. .. .. 0 2 G Mr . Uohinson , Green Side .. .. o 2 G Mr . BrowH , Fountain Bridge .. .. 0 10 It Dunlop , Linlithgow .. ., 0 0 6 Middkton , Lancashire , per 3 . Consterdine .. 0 9 6 Uaslmgden , per R . Brierley .. .. 076
Hightown , near Leeds , per E . Cleg ? .. 16 0 Lepton , near Hnddersfidd , per fi Lodge .. 0 9 8 U . Rudd , Hocfclej , Birmingham .. 0 10 S . Hudson , Malmsbury .. .. 0 0 6 Ossett , near Dewsbury , per J . Archer .. 0 15 3 Preston , per W . Liadle .. .. 0 5 0 J . Goaben and J . J . W . F ., Hyson Green .. 0 16 A few Friends , Hamilton , per A . Walker .. 0 15 0 Exeter , ptrlL . Fink .. .. 1 IS 0 Salford , per J . Johnson .. .. 0 6 10 Todmorden , per T . Fielden .. .. 3 6 1 BECEIVED AT LAND OFFICE , W . Arnold .. .. .. 006 T . Perry .. .. .. 006 C . Owen .. .. 0 0 G From Kensington—Mr . Wood .. .. 010 31 r . Wooldridge .. .. 010 Mr . Beasley .. .. .. 010 J . Bamhrs •• .. .. 006 H - SneU .. .. .. 006 _ _ JU 0
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WIDING-DP OF THE LAND COMPANY . BECEIVED BI W . BIDEE . Easter Shilbottle , Alnwick .. .. 0 5 0 J-l ' -B- .. .. 006 iromWigton—J . Turnhull .. .. 006 T ' i ? TJ " .,, •• .. o o g J-Corkhill .. .. .. o 0 G W . JViears .. .. .. 006
T . Beu .. .. ;; o o 6 FromBlandfora—T . Saundsrs , jun . .. 0 2 6 G . P . Saunders .. ,, 0 0 ( j H . Marshall .. .. .. 010 J . P . andW . H . .. .. 0 2 0
m J A - ' •• .. 010 T . E . andC . .. .. .. 0 1 o W . ILandT . C ... .. .. 010 Tliree Brothers , Foston Gate ( 2 nd sub . ) .. 0 3 0 Mary Ann T . Ffston Gate .. .. 0 10 T . Phillips , Garndiffeth .. .. 0 0 6 Central Uoseiulale , per J . Ashnrrth .. 0 G 0 J . and W . Stead , Holbeck .. .. 016 Shrewsbury , per J . Cos .. ., 0 6 0 Esther Wright , per J . Kershaw , Queenshead .. 0 0 6 J . Kershaw , Qucenshead .. .. 0 0 6 Newton Moor , Cheshire , per A . Henderson .. 0 3 6 W . Hansell , Nor th Shields .. .. 0 2 0 Land Members , Rochdale , perR Gill . 10 0
RadcUfie Bridge , per R . Hame * .. 0 3 0 G . and W . Goody and W . Hussell , Braintree .. 0 16 J . Dickens and J . Moorhouse , Huddersfield .. 0 10 Messrs . Hill and ShaMers , Norwich . 8 5 0 D . Jones , Carlisle .. .. 0 0 G W . Gordon , Bradford , Wilts .. ,. 0 1 o J . Croom , Bradford , Wilts .. .. 0 2 0 Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. ,. o 4 o R . Suniop , Linlithgow .. ., 0 0 6 G . Booth , Middleton , Lancashire .. 0 10 R . Smith , O'ConnorviUe .. .. 010 R . Rudd . Hockley , Birmingham ,, 0 10 Lye Waste , per S . Welch .. .. 0 3 11 Malmsbury , per S . Hudson .. .. 0 5 10 Preston , per W . Liddle .. .. 0 5 0 Salford , per J . Johuson .. ., 0 0 6 F . W . Sncksmith , Bristol .. .. 006
BECEITED AT LAKD OFTICE . J . F . Redburn .. .. .. 010 W . Arnold .. .. .. 006 £ « ry , •¦ .. .. 006 Mr . Wood .. .. .. 010 Mr . Wooldridge .. .. C 0 1 0 Mr . Williams ' s Family .. ,. 0 2 6 £ 5 5 ~ j
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AGITATION FOR THE CHARTER . Received by Jons Absott—Dnndee , per J . Graham 1 /—Three Friends , Boston New Town 3 s—Four Friends , Westminster 4 s—Jewish Association , nolborn 6 d-A . Docker , Stockport Is 4 d—Pudser , per J . Jackson Is 4 d—Royton l » er J . B . Horsfall Cs—Birmingham , per W . Rider 2 s—Hebden Bridge , per J . Mann 5 s—Bradford , per T . Wilcox H 4 s-Stalybridge , per W . Hill lJ-Rotherham , per J . Stansfield 3 s—Westminster , per J . Grassby 11 2 s—Mr . G W . M . Reynolds H Is—Woodman locality , Waterloo Town , per H . Bloomfield Us—Collected at John-street 21 Is—Cards at John-street 11 s—Wat Tjler bridge , Greenwich , per J . Hodges os 3 d—Printers in Great New-street , Fetterlane Gd—Birstall , per F . W . Sucksmith 5 s—Sutton-in-Ashfield , per W . Felkin 12 s Gd—J . M ., per Mr . Le Blond 4 s 6 d —W . M ., per ditto 8 s—IL C , per ditto 3 s Cd—E . N ., per ditto lls Sd—Paisley , per W . Cameron 11-FOR THE HUNGARIAN ANO 2 POUSH REFUGEES . Received by W . RIDER .-J . G . S ., Jersey 14 s Gd-Radchfle Briige , per K . Hamer 2 s—Bothtrham , per J . Stansfield os .. Received by John Abbott . —W . C . M ., per G . W . M . Reynolds Is—Jewish Association , Holborn Gd—Birstal , perF . W . Sucksmith as . FOR LIQUIDATING THE DEBT DUE TO THE TREASURER OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Received by John Abnoit- —Two Friends , per Mr . Le Blond 4 s 6 d . TRACT FUND . Received by Johs Absott . —O . D ., Hoxton Sew Town " S * U .
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TO FEARGUS O ' CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P . Respected asd nucn Isjdred Sih , — "We , the Chartists of Padiham , have witnessed the persecutions to which you have been subject with feelings of the greatest horror , and your heroic conduct has equally excited our admiration . The Court of Injustice and the Bradshaw banditti have nearly done all in their power to ruin you in circumstances , biit let us hope that their vile attempts will never succeed ; the expenses which you have been put to in consequence of your late trial with Bradsbaw , of Aottingbam , must be very great , we therefore send you three guineas towards the expenses of the trial . Dear sir , like all who have taken a share in the cause of humanity , you have been the subject of much persecution - . the persecution and prosecution
you have undergone from the government was poked for-expected ; for what spy-employing , hberty-persecuung , freedom-crushing , government has not buried m a living tomb , or persecuted to the death , every soul that bad the magnanimity to desire to be free . You , sir , have undergone the prison fetters and worn the felon ' s manacle , —for what ? for aiming at the birthright of every man , — liberty to breathe the air which God has given , and look upon the skies which God has made , and have a share of common blessings which heaven has bcstoncd . But there is another species of persecuion which you have undergone , —a persecution at once uncalled for , bitter , and unrelenting ; uncalled for , because the best framed schemes , when
opposed by interest , and a corrupt legislative influence , when prosecuted by those that may chance to possess the ruling power , are nullified in action ; bitter , because coming from those whose interests have been the object of your study and the end of your endeavours ; unrelenting , because no means are left untried that the press or the platform can supply to damage your character ; in such a situation we deeply sympathise with you , and trust that you will yet rise superior to it , and pour confusion and dismay on your opponents . We have watcbed your political career—we have marked your stern adherence to the principles of the Charter in good and in evil report ; our eyes have not been closed to the fact that you have fought singlehanded
, in the midst of the people ' s enemies , in the people ' s cause , and for the people ' s rights ; such circumstances require a man of no ordinary stamp , and you have proved yourself the man the circumstances demanded . The battle is not yet fought , — the race la not yet run , —the Charter , with all its glorious provisions , is yet an object of the future , — you have endured the burden and heat of the day , the hottest of the persecution ; go oh , noble sir , in the great and good cause .-stand by the helm of the good old ship with the Charter proudly floating at her mast-head , and let us battle beneath her , until victory s gue doth waft us over the wreck of class misrule , and land us safe in the port of happiness , where each can sit under bis vine and fig-tree , none daring to make him afraid . I am , dear , honoured and respected sir , On behalf of tbe Chartists of this place , YOWS truly , BESJAM 1 S PlLLKiO . Grimshaw Well , Padiham , January Sth , 1831 .
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THE POLICY OF THE LONDON EXECUTIVE DEFENDED . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . i « a , ? ^—^ othing more admirable than your leader of last Saturday , entitled " Chartist Policy , " has ever appeared in the Northern Star ; it only required one thing to make it inimitable , namely , that you should have applied it to your own paper and your own party . How one who could give such excellent advice should fail to make so just an application of it , it is not easy to surmise , as such a co T have made its utUity mucn greater , and have saved it from that contemptuous estimate i ? ° i , makes of tno Stat ' readers ; an estimate which does not follow from what is said so much as from what is concealed . THE POLICY OF THE LONDON EXECUTIVE
You describe that volley of epithets your indignant readers are hurling at your head , as " an avalanche of Billingsgate . " Temper thy reproaches , good critic ! Dastheftor , bfifore to day , taught them otherwise ? Has it not been for twelve yearB the great manufactory of Billingsgate ? The " avalanche , therefore , cannot take the Alps by surprise . When such coals are shot down at your Newcastle you may complain of the error in the delivery , Dut you cannot be shocked at the quality of the ? m £ in * eClall y ' you have no ri 8 htt <> disqualify the S ? v Pro"ounce < l against your Manchester ad-™ t l '» us ? « x P resscd in language which , ( howblfnSKemploy 1 "" ** " « * " *" + J ° S ^ i " s ° -C ! llled Councils" aspersoparm ^ ni T thcy can . in reality , know very little—2 » g the c ° . 5 . tors of y ° « f Paper- This can W , y 5 e 5 e ™ ed'ed-J « . 9 t say who you are ! My colleagues of the Executive may have been in error on ims account
, in attaching so much importance to the Manchester question . We said you were in a minouty ; we did not expect to find that you were also unknown . The negation of publicity may not be a negation of worth-perhaps the contrary-but the animus of this controversy has arisen from the supposition ; that particularl y known men were at the head of it . The question of authority between the two Committees involves an element which you obscure ; but n you are serious in assuming to represent the Democraay of Britain , it ought to be your part to distinguish it . There is at bottom a principle of order , which , if not recognised and respected , no Chartist party in this country can ever preserve associative unity , or command public respect . You say "' waifs and strays' included , that only 1800 votes wete mustered by the London Executive ; " out you conceal this fact , that , " waifs and strays " asrain
included , the Manchester Council have not half that number of constituents . Now Demoeracy is not a caprice , but a body of defined principles , the clearest of which is that the majority alone can authorise government . For myself , I have no objection to the Manchester Council . If the majority who elected the London Committoe choose to elect them , I am willing to obey them . But as the principle of majority is not one of absolute numbers , but of relative proportion , we are , as Democratic Chartists , bound to act upon the appointment of the greater proportion . Should we refuse in our own society to acknowledge government of the majority , how can we go to parliament and ask for the national election of members , to be placed on the nrincinle of
majority , as the Charter proposes ? To call this a personal dispute is simply an unpardonable misapplication of terms on the part of a journalist . It is the vindication of the vital principle of government in which we engage ; and how can the Manchester Council hope to govern their own constituencies if they begin by disregarding it ? If you can concede that we have , in this respect , followed a sense of political duty , you will give the authority of journalist to a rule of discipline of indispensable value to the people . This point once clear , the Manchester question will subside on our part . The argument of your article is , " Lot there bo two Executives without more dispute , " and for this inexplicable reason : that it is great folly to be quarrelling who shall lead when there is nothing
to lead i which is true enough ; but surely if there be nothing to lead , on * Executive is enough to do it . Two need not be set up for that purpose . You very properly expose the nonsense ( of which the public are well tired ) of any small party , as the National Charter Association undoubtedly now is , of " assuming national authority , claiming national obedience , or affecting to lead a national party . " Rut . why did you employ all your indignation on us ? In the same article you tell the Manchester Council , —who , at least , are equally insignificant , in point of funds , constituents , and station—you tell that Council "to set about its own work of organising a People ' s party . " If it be " preposterous presumption" in us to do it , what is it in them ? "Why not apply youv advice where so much more needed ?
But is the term " national" ever intended to bear the sole interpretation you put upou it ? Is it not also intended to imply not so much national authority , as an aim at national good , by a policy grounded , as all useful public policy must be , however , small the party , on the consideration ? of the interests of the whole people ? You send us without any misgiving " back to the first form of democracy , as ignorant of its very alphabet—ignorant both of its principle and spirit . " I have no objection to relearn a lesson I may have forgotten ; but let me hear your qualification for an instructor . Here is your declaration and your first lesson : — " Democrats must recognise the full and unfettered right of every individual to judge for hinuelf on all questions of public and private interest . " Here we have a dogma , in which pri . vate conduct and public policy are jumbled together—where the half which is true has nothing to do with demoeracy , and the other half is flatly false . Of course , in all questions of " private
interest , every man must judge for " himselfwho else has he to judge for ? But the first element of democracy , and the distinction which constitutes it , is that no man on " public" questions shall judge for " himself , " but for others—not for his private good , but for the public . It is because every man thinks for himself , and not for others , that the political world is such a bedlam of vanity , ambition , and antagonism . If you set up such a dogma as that I have quoted , you open the gates of disunion wide , and for ever . Your maxim is the maxim of Anarchy , not of democracy . You let in not only one Manchester Committee , but a thousand . In your leader on the Manchester Conference , Dec . 21 st , you told us the " Chartist ranks were shattered and dismembered . " The rule you can lay down is the rule to keep them « o . If this is the A B C of democracy instead of rehearsing such a lesson the sooner we forget it the better .
Your leader , to which this is a reply , is the ablest and best written I have ever read in the Star , and I trust to the penetration and latent good feeling displayed in it , not to put upon this explanation and defence of democratic principle , the interpretation of being merely another contribution to the justly despised squabble for leadership . Permit , me to observe , that if your own objection to the London Committee is not personal—a thing which you deprecate—it is hard to tell what it is . They share your views even to the narrowness which you recommend , even to the impossibility which you desire . In this respect they coincide with your adopted Manchester Council ' entirely . They propose to restrict themselves to mere
political agitation , which in these days is narrowness ; and they propose to resuscitate a party inspired with Social ideas , by asking them to abandon their public ascendancy , which is impossible . It is impossible to us , it is impossible to you , it is impossible t < ' your Manchester proiiges . The previous agitations to which you refer , which were founded on one idea , existed only when one idea was in the ascendent among the agitators . You know that when the political idea of Chartistn was isolated , that Chartism flourished , and that it was the rise of the Social idea which paralysed it . Now the two ideasare in the field , and over-ride men ' s minds . Chartists are mostly Socialists , and Socialists have re-expanded into Chartists . Do you think it possible that the same men can be found to unite for
merely political reform , and hold in abeyance their sscial claims , when both might be advanced together ?—and , what is more to the purpose , the social changes in our laws , as those of Partnership and the Taxes on Knowledge for instance—can be obtained without waiting for the Charter . These are premises in your argument which you omit , forget , or conceal . If the Chartist is to get , as you say he should get , for you say he wants it— " Social discipline "—how can he do it without being a Socialist ? and if he be a Socialist and alto a Chartist , as thousands are , why should the same man be taxed to support tivo organisations , when one would do ? It the London Committee do not expand their objects , so as to include social as well as political rights , they will necessitate a new party , and the one in embryo at John-street will arise to claim the support your profession of sympathy with them entitles them to expect .
Being involved in your strictures as a member of the London Executive , and not having troubled you before on this subject , and not desiring to do it again , I hope you will accord me insertion of this letter in your paper of next Saturday . Yours respectfully , George Jacob Holyoake . Reatoner Office , January 15 th . [ The preceding comment on our leader of last week has only confirmed us in the opinions there expressed . Air . Holyoake has great experience as a debater ; his professional pursuits naturally cultivate a power of analysis , and the facility of quickly perceiving the meaning of other writers , and when heihas assumed conclusions so utterly at variance with the truth as those contained in the second and third paragraphs of his letter , we can have little hope that prolonged controversy will lead to any . beneficial result , If Mr , Holyoake , under the in-
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lnRS !? - ^ P re 8 ent momcnt induc ° him to look with a hostile , and a prejudiced eye , upon the pol cy recommended by this journal , and up on the m tlveBand actions of its conductors , so crossly SKKWvW * 8 lender musfc PS nnfIf a - trulh ? ul appreciation among those who , ™\ E ™ SeS ? 1 ? g { he 8 ame ^ formation and ability M T 7 IoIeiltl y Prejudiced and hostile ? '' vitnn " ^ i yOake 1 alaumes ' thafc we condemned the 3 , Uve a ? d abusive resolutions to which reference was made last week , oeeai « ethey were hurled t nn r itn b ^ ° , ur "indignant readers . " This wWoW ^ t tms ake ' and the " stnart "its " rf « L . ? Ji J he """"" Pt'on , aB a matter LS - i f mle 8 S - The ^ solutions were r « S galnst tho memhers of the Manchester wuncil not against the Star , or its conductors . ., ^ ...,.
find fn , ? i / ° ^ i ° < luestions the right of tho Star to » fo "Si ^ t heuse of « Billing 8 gate , » because mlnnfX ? lasfc t ™> lveyeal' 9 it has Been the great manufactory of Billingsgate » If tho accusation be true , it applies to more than one of Mr . Holyoako ' s ! & ? ' A K ° Executive > who , foracoSei-SmnffiMfi at tweU ' years > weve more or leS 9 refnnnS f th * 10 man : igem <> nt of this journal , and responsible for its contents : " Our withers are unwrung . ' Since the first moment of our connexion with tho paper , we have never written a sentence that could be in the most remote degree P e"onally offensive to any individual connected t T . J- movetlient . After accepting the offica of Jiditor m August last , we formally and explicitly announced thatourgreat and guidingprinciple , on all occasions , would be to discourage tho personal quarrels , and the use of the abusive language , which had cast , so much disgrace on the Chartist
movement in the eyes of the rest of the community . If Mr . Holyoake will turn to tho Star of November last , he will find in tho anniversary article , a statement on the subject , which we respectfully submit justifies us in condemning language which is as discreditable-to the parties who make use of it , as it is to the cause they profess to have at heart , If , Binee the date of that article , we have been unablo to keep our columns entirely clear of those personal disputes , and the torrent of invective , which , unfortunately , some people seem naturally to pour out upon such occasions , it is again some of Mr . Holyoake ' s colleagues and supporters who havo been the cause . Had we not given insertion to their letters and resolutions , we should have boen accused of partiality , and of desiring to suppress and stifle the expression of public opinion in what has been—even as it is—most untruly call our "Star Chamber . "
Another misapprehension on the part of Mr . Holyoake is , that we send the Executive "back to the first form of Democracy , &c . " If he will look hack again at the passage he will see that it refers to the West Riding resolutions . As to Mr . Holyoake ' s exposition of democracy , and other portions of his arguments , wo do not pretend to controvert them in these notes . Our readers will judge for themselves as to their force and applicability . We desire , once for all , most sincerely , to assure Mr . Holyoake and his colleagues that we have neither personal nor party feeling on the subject . We are , fortunately , placed in an independent position , and trust wo may add without egotism , that during a long public lifo we have endeavoured to maintain an impartial tone of mind , and to aim at all times rather to promote the diffusion and the
triumph of great principles , than to subordinate them to personal interests or influences . In this spirit we shall continue to conduct the Star ao far as we are concerned . If , in past times , "it has been the great manufactory of Billingsgate , " it is our earnest desire , and shall be our unremitting endeavour , to render it in future free from all reproach , in that respect at least . We have said , and now repeat it , that the principles of which it is the advocate are noble and beneficient , and they ought to be advocated in a corresponding spirit . We feel certain , that whatever may bo the case in other quarters , Mr . Holyoake will not disapprove of this sentiment , or distrust tho sincerity of our statement , that we mean to act consistently upon it . —Ed . A . S . ]
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NATIONAL ASS OCIATION OF UNITED TRA . DES . T . S . Duscombe , E -. ., President . Established 1815 » " FIAT JUSTITIA . " "Wit were possible for tho working classes , by combuung among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a tnm g not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at Stuart . Mill . We are still compelled to keep the Wolyerhampton case prominently before our members . The ancient maxim , that " When the breath is out the man must die , " holds not good with the Povrys , and their co-frem . Although dead beaten at every turn , they seem determined still to maintain a contest , to them utterly disgraceful . Wo inserted last week Mr . E . Perry ' s address of condolence to himself , with the mean and shabby feeler for apublic subscriptionto remunerate him for
, his hoavy sacrifices and losses , incurred by his desperate efforts to perpetuate tho exactious be has ^ for the last eight years , been extorting trom his men . Our Bpace last week would not permit us to comment upon this mendacious and mendicious document . It sets out with the expression of a conviction—Mr . Perry's of course , and what he has gammoned 102 wiseacres to indorse—that " Trades' Union proceedings have uniformly proved seriously detrimental to tho interests of all
manufacturing towns , &c , in which they have been suffered to prevail . " To this bold assertion wo give Our unqualified contradiction . Our conviction , founded upon a pretty extensive experience is , that Trades' Unions , with all their imperfections , have , wherever they have prevailed , exercised a powerful and salutary influence in arresting the downward tendency of wages . That they have not been more effective , is referable to imperfections in their construction and practice , and not the principle
upou which they are founded— "To raise or keep up the general rate of wages , by associative combination , is a thing to be welcomed and rejoiced at , " upon the authority of Mr . Mill , & higher authority , wo expect , than tho combined experience aiid wisdom of Mr . E . Perry and his 102 self-interested condolers . We can give plenty of instances iu our own practice , where not only have wages heen maintained , but advanced , and not to the detriment , but manifestly to tbe henefit of tho localities where those successes have been
obtained . And we shall presently havo the Tin Trade of Wolverhampton to add to our list . Ho then expresses his "high approbation of the resolute and ablo resistance he is offering to tho attempt now making to subject himself and his brothor George , the gentle Fearncombe , and Mr . Thrustan , to what he terms the dictates of tho National Association of United Trades . " In answer to this equally untrue statement , we beg to say there has been no further dictation in tho case than the butcher uses to his
customers or than Mr . Perry constantly uses to his customers . '' My leg of mutton is to be sold for so much per pound , " quoth the butcher , " and if you want to buy it , you know the price . " "My tin saucepaus and pepper boxes , &c , are so much per doz ., " say the Perrys , &c . ; " you know our terms . " The tinmen , upon just the same principle , have said , " If you , gentlemen , want to buy our labour , such and such , as you will find in this book , being the same as your neighbours pay , and two thirds of all the tinmen in Wolverhampton are now receiving , is our price ; you know our terms . "
Dictation ! dictation ! groans Mr . Perry . Dictation ! dictation ! echosthe 102 wise-acres who have so inconsiderately suffered themselves to be bamboozled by " the Perrys . " The next paragraph ( without quoting it ) , in general terms , attributes the comparative prosperity of Wolverhampton to the absence oi Chartists and Trades' Union Emissaries , and that Mr . Perry has merited a civic crown for his uncompromising opposition to them , since the latter havo made their appearance . Mr . Perry ma y l ay this " flattering unction to his soul , ' but it is quite evident that the burgesses of St . Paul and St . John are of a totally different opinion , as we gather from their unpurchased votes .
Ah ! Mr . Perry , notwithstanding this vapour—not all the names ( however obtained , and " thereby hangs a tale" ) of all the manufacturers , and all the factors of the town , ondorsing a fulsome address , written at your own dictation , by your paid scribe , and hawked about the town like a " beggar's petition "—can heal the wounds inflicted upon your pride and ambition , during this protracted
struggle . Such a thing never entered your imagination , that the men you had injured and insulted would meet you on the hustings . A mode of warfare you know , sir , quite in the "legal and constitutional" way , and , considering our "Chartist tendencies , " especially remarkable . We will place , sir , these electors against-your address , as tho true exponent of public opinion upon your conduct in your present proceedings .
You were driven like a hunted fox from ward to ward ; and , notwithstanding all your instinctive cunning , and all your doublings , whether fighting in your own person , or behind the ambush of the person and purse of your friend Moore , you were thoroughly and triumphantly beaten . We rather think , with all your well practiced forethought , you little anticipated these and some other results , when you so vaingloriously dared us to a contest . Yes , sir , it is
you , and not us , that in this case has been the strikemonger . We offered you terms which an honourable man would have accepted ; but you are the dictator , and we , in tho name and on behalf of the Tinmen of Wolverhampton , protest against your usurpation of a power , which , neither by law nor justice , you are entitled to ; and we will continue , as heretofore , our strenuous resistance to it , if it pleaseB you and your friends to protract this struggle for another twelvemonth—and then will resist you still .
< last paragraph in the address is a rich piece of egotistical bombast ; and we think Mr . Winn is entitled to some credit for the truthful delinoation he has given of Mr . Perry ' s peculiar pompous vanity . How Mr . Winn , old stager as he is , must have chuckled in his sleeve when penning the following : " and we feel firmly convinced that you will eventually find yourself abundantly consoled and rewarded , in the approbation and gratitude of all intelligent and well disposed persons among your fellow townsmen , and in your own consciousness of the signal benefits you will have conferred on the commercial community generally , by successfully resisting a formidable attempt to array labour against capital , &c . "
What a peculiarly ignorant and badly disposed people , according to this logic , the " worthy and independent Burgesses of St . Paul and St . John must be , " or how stupidly blind to the immense claims Mr . Perry had on their " approbation and gratitude . " And as for Mr . Perry ' s " own consciousness of the signal benefit he has conferred upon the commercial community generally , " how intensely satirical ! Think of Haines on the treadmill
for two hours' absence—think of the poor Liverpool man and his dead and unburied child —think of the family conspiracy to entice the Frenchmen , by falso representations and promises—think of these things , and then think of Mr . Perry talking about his " own consciousness of the signal benefits , &c . " Fudge The Protean Perry having thus addressed himself , in the name of his 102 friends , with the agility of an Harlequin , shifts his position , and replies to his own address . Of course the answer is a counterpart to the address . There is 1 but one Bentence we desire to refer to . We flunk , for wilfulassurance , it" caps theclimax "
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Perry , loquitor : "Next to the approva of my own conscience , the approval of my princi pal fellow townsmen , " ( what a thrust at the burgesses ) , " conveys tho greatest satisfaction I could enjoy , more especially when tendered spontaneousl y , and after I have been the subject of so much misrepresentation . " The crack about " my principal fellow townsmen , " aud their " approval when tendered spontaneously , " is highly rich . And can Mr . Perry really suppose , that tho issue of this contest can he effected by bucIi a farcical pvocedmg as this ? Doe 3 he suppose that we , or tho tin * men , care two straws for the opinion of himself and his 102 " principal townsmen . " Let him just iisk his principal townsmen to nuike him a gross of tin saucepans , or a good supply of baths , which are likely to bo in great demand this next season . Let him ask them to make him a Town Councillor .
We would rather advise him to cultivate the respect and affection of those by whoso labour he lias realised his present wealth , and by those exertions alone ho can expeet to increase it . There is , not and never has been , anything unreasonable required of him . He is simply asked to pay the same for his labour as his neighbours are paying , and less even than they'have been paying for some years ; surely tl . cro is nothing very ' unreasonable in this . We also have tho opinion of somo of the principal inhabitants—the magistrates to wit—that Mr . P . ought , injustice , to pay the same price as Messrs . \\ alton a » tl Shoolbred , that being the market price . We hope , and believe he will pay it yet . Wo have received an" addres issued by the liammermen
of Messrs . Shavp , Brothers , and Co ., of Man-Chester , in the eight week of their strike , to tho trades of Great Britain . " Wo have also received an application from the seamen of the Port of Lynn , formerly connected with this Association . Who aleo aro on tho strike in resistance to a most unwarrantable reduotion in their wages . Wo need scarcely say to them , and all men similarly situated , our sympathies naturally extend to them , not from a desire to array labour against capi . tal , but to repel the encroachments of capital against labour . If consistently with our laws wo can render any service to the seamen of Lynn ; tho Central Committee believe it will bo their duty as well as it is their inclination , to do so
But both these questions wo must postpone for another week , as we may not encroach too much upon tho privilego so kindly awarded us by the proprietor and Editor of tho Star . William Teei , secretary 259 , Tottenham-court-road .
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Bakewell ' s Cofti . no TELKGium . —Wo , somo timesince , gave an account of a very ingenious invention , by means of which an individual writing at one extremity of tho country can transmit , through a single telegraphic wire , a perfect fac-nmite of what he has written , so that it shall appear in the course of a few minutes , though it were a whole page or more , at tho other extremity ot the line , and of course , at however great a distance . We are glad to perceive that this beau-ideal of the teles ; raphio pen is still hold to bo a practicable invention . We had feared that it had turned out to be more perfect in theory than attainable in practico . But on Wednesday last Mr . Bakewell exhibited it at tho Russell Institution , Great Coram-street , with considerable success . Tho principle , as many of our readers may remember .
consists mainly in tho windingof an iron pointround a cylinder at each extremity of the line of tolograph the cylinder in the one case being covered with a aheet of tinfoil , written on with a non-conducting nk , whilo in tho other it is covered with a sheet of paper chemically prepared , so that the iron points in electrical action ( as both cylinders turn simultaneously , regulated in synchronous tune by elootro-magnetism ) trace thoir apparent course round tho oylinders spirally ; the non-conducting intorvals , as they pass over the ink in theona case , being marked and denoted in the other by blank or white intervals , in a blue spiral , so that an exact copy of the writing appears in white characters on a bluo ground , and distinctly legible . The paper can also be prepared so aa only afterwards to show the writing , and thus to insuro se « cresy between correspondents . —The Builder .
The Late JPretxnder Topis * Miracle a . j Lyons , —The Gazette de Lyon contains the following : — " We learn that the Commission appointed by the Archbishop of Avignon , to examine into the faots aflarmed with regard to the picture in the chapel of St . Salumin-les-Apt , has decided unanimously that there are no ' grounds for proceeding any further in the matter , as tho facts have nothing of a supernatural character in them . A letter which we have just received , and which emanatfls
from a person as remarkable for his intelligence as for his perfect good faith , announces to us that everything which has appeared miraculous in tha reported phenomenon is only the result of a miserable intrigue , the work of a person of whom some very sad information has been given to us . This conclusion proves how necessary it is on all ones , tions of this kind to wait for the decision of the ecclesiastical authorities , who are alone competent , and , for our part , we cannot too much applaud ourselves for having followed the dictates of prudenca in our reserve on this subject . "
TnE ; Assault on Mr . Miall . —Our readers will remember that at an Anti-Papal meeting of the parishioners of Islington , on the 18 th of November last , Mr . Miall was assaulted and pushed off tha platform by the Rev . Messrs . Over and Colo , on his attempting to move an amendment . Legal proceedings were instituted against the Rev . delinquents , but as they have publicly apologised in the nonconformist journal , and consented to pay costs , the proceedings have terminated . The Pleasure of Doing Good . — There is a satisfaction in the thought of having done what we know to be right ; and there is a discomfort ,
amounting often to bitter and remorseful agony , in the thought of having done what conscience tells us to be wrong . This implies a sense of the rectitude of what is virtuous . There is instant delight in the first conception of benevolence ; there is sustained delight in its continued exercise ; there is consummated delight in the happy , smiling , and prosperous result of it . Kindness , and honesty , and truth , are of themselves , and irrespective of their rightness , sweet unto the taste of the inner man . Malice , envy , falsehood , injustice , irrespective of their wrongness , hate , of themselves , the bitterness of gall and wormwood .
A letter from Constantinople of the 25 th ult ., in the National Gazette of Berlin , says that the remaining Hungarian refugees who had been at Schumla , arrived in that city on that day , and were about to be shipped oh" for England . Tho government had given each of them 300 piastres . The refugees at Kintaya were shortly to be set at liberty , the government of Vienna having , after much resistance , yielded to the wishes of the Ottoman Porte . This letter confirms the news of the death of General Bem , at Aleppo , and states that the government greatly regretted his loss , aa he had commenced the introduction of several useful reforms in the Turkish army . Accessibility takes away , instead of bestowin g the zest . Sir Walter Scott admitted that he had nevor visited Melrose Abbey by moonlight j and L . E . L ., who had lived most of her life in London , bade her last farewell to England without having once entered the doors of Westminster Abbty . —> Morning Chronicle .
The following is the proportion of committals to tho population of the three kingdoms : —» Ia England and Wales , one offender to 572 persona in Ireland , one offender to 194 persons ; in Sootland , one offender to GOl persons ; so that by this scale Scotlaud aupeara to be the highest , and Ireland the lowest in general civilization . —Spectator Something Bkneath the Surface . —a Frenchman , conversing in English with an Englishman staying in Paris , on the subject of the underground concerts in that capital , asked if there were any similar establishments in London . Tho Englishman quietly replied , that London abounded in Mimcsellers . Oh!— Cock ' s Musical Misccllanv .
A tobno lady , passing from Scotland to England at Christmas , brought with her , openly , a couplf of gallons of whisky , with a permit attached , which , she was told , would keep her all right . Not so . Hor whisky was seized at Berwick—and she . too , wa 3 seized , Sho was kept in durance three days , and then set at liberty . Representation op Glamorganshire . — A Protectionist candidate , Sir George Tyler , supported by the Bridgend Agricultural Protection Society has issued an address to tho electors . Although no second candidate has yet been formerly an * nounced , it is not expected that Sir Gcorgo will be permitted to walk over the course unopposed The GooD-nraouR of some people is owing to SofcWouS lble fUnd ° - ^ onceit-U in
in «? miJ ? u " ^ ent reference to Dr . Kitto ' a infirmmes-that ho is both deaf and dumb-is corrected , on / 'the best authority ; " only the former of these misfortunes is suffered by him ! nJ « ff " . tion of the duty on conveyances does not attest cabs nor omnibuses . The stamp on Indenturea of Apprenticeihipg de « pends on the number of words , itbeing thought that , between toaster and servant , the fewer words the better . Song for Mr . St . Barnabas Bennett . — "I've been Rome-ing , I ' ve been Rome-ing . "—Punch .
Those wno contemplate on the multitude of railroadsthe immensity of steam power—the improvements in tho mechanical , manufacturing , and agricultural knowledge of our countrymen , may truly exclaim , 'This is an Age of YTonders . But it is not in those extensive affairs only that society is rapidly advaccing : the art of medicine puts iu its claim for a share in producing the general amelioration . Diseases which , only a fow years ago were most alarminr , are now subdued , or rendered easy of cure—the small-pox annihilated b y the philosophy of a Jenner , and tbe gout not feared , seeing there is a speedy renniy iO Blair's Gout aud Rheumatic PUli .
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MINISTERIAL CHANGES IN FHANUE . Victory has for tho moment inclined to the resident . The dreaded and detested iiasgajkoer is no longer " viceroy over im . " Louis Napoieox ha 3 asserted his ipreme right to appoint and displace the oramander-iu- Chief , and consequently his ipremacy in the capacity of Head of the Exeitive over the army . That he places a Wgh alue on this power is evident , from the strenuis and the continuous efforts he has made to
cquiro it , and by the dogged obstinacy with Hch he refused to listen to any compromise a the part of the majority , which fell short of : ie removal of the hated General , and the cknowlsdgment of his own supremacy . For b . e time being , fortune favours the tenant of bElysee . He has kept the best business lenofhisown Cabinet , and in M . Drouyx ) e'Lhuys has secured the accession of a man f consider able influence and reputation . The ) rleanists and Legitimists are in a " fix ;" hey have the power undoubtedly of placing ? haxgarniek at the head of troops to
rotect tho Assembly , but they are civilly inarmed by the President that nobody is ; oing to attack it . In a city like Paris , where . political blunder is much more fatal to a arty than a political crime , such an appointment would provoke nothing but laughter and idicale on all hands . Indeed from what has thready transpired , it is quite evident that fter a certain amount of blaster for the sake » f appearances , the majority "will accept the Cabinet of January , 1851 , « s tin fait accompli , rnd turn their attention to new schemes and combinations , by which 1852 may turn up a nnning card for their respective parties .
The Republican newspapers have very prulently and properly supported the President igainst the palpably selfish and dishonestpretensions oi the " Bnrgraves / ' while they have at the same time keld aloof from comnitting themselves to the support of the new cabinet . Their strength , they well know , lies to a large extent in the divisions which separate the reactionary and anti-republican majority . In proportion as they are estranged from each other , and devote themselves to the pursuit of their separate party intrigues , the rreater chance is , that tbe people will resume that power and predominance of which they have been robbed . In tho Assembly , the
Mountain will have a difficult and important part to play between the present time and the period for the election of a new President . One thing is certain , that nothing but a Republican form of government is tenable in France , liowevcr much the name and the thing may be hated by the terrorist Conservatives . Any attempt on the part of the dynastic conspiratora to restore a monarchy , either Bourbon , Orlcauist , or Bonapartist , would be the signal for the renewal of a state of incipient or open insurrection in France , which would only terminate with tbe final and complete overthrow of a form of government which can never again take root in that countrv .
It would be well for it , and for the public men who aspire to rule it in future , if they could realise this idea fully to their own minds , and adopt their conduct accordingly . If they will look across the Atlantic , they will find that the great statesmen of the Federal Republic exercise as world wide an influence , receive as much , respect , and occupy as dignified and lofty positions in the estimation of other nations , as though they were bedizened with stars and ribbonds , or disguised bnicknames frank
y . A acceptance of Republicanism in its letter and spirit , does not bar , but rather accelerate their progress to the most distinguished , influential and commanding positions in public life . "Wh y should it not be so in Republican France ? "Wh y should there not arise in that country a new race of public men , whose highest ambition would be to become the servants of the commonwealth , whoso most dearly prized reward and honour , would be tho esteem and gratitude of their fellow citizens for havinsr served it well ?
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The CncRCHWARDEXS of a parish in Yorkshire have returned the following answer to the circular received by them from the National Club : — " The churchwardens of know their duty too well to require instructions how to perform it from London clubs , and preaching dukes . Therefore , after reading Mr . Bellamy ' s printed circular , they ha ^ e unanimously regohed to burn it , and have burnt it accordingly . "
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TUE HALIFAX DISTRICT DELEGATE MEETING . TO THB EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Dear Sir , —On looking over the Star of Sunday last I found I had omitted to mention that previous to tho first resolution being put from the chair , it was moved that the "Lower Warley and Sowei-by localities withdraw from the district . " The reason for so doing was that they were determined to support the Manchester Council . By inserting the ahore in your next journal you will much oblige , Yours , < fcc , January 12 th . Uriah IIinciicuffe .
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Susdat Tradiso is Bermosdset . — A general meeting of the master butchers of this populous district of the metropolis , took place on Wednesday evening , at the Horns Tavern , Bormondsey-square , for the purpose of taking into consideration the provisions of a bill about to be introduced into Parliament , by Mr . Williams , M . P ., for Lambeth , the object of which is to suppress Sunday trading as far as possible . Mr . Hayman presided , and stated , that from communications which he had with about 300 butchers , he was convinced that they were almost to » man in favour of a measure which would enforce entire closing on the Sabbath . They well knew that if such a measure were passed it would have a raoBt beneficial effect in preventing
the working classes from wasting their money on a Saturday night . The fault of all Sabbath legislation hitherto was , that it was impracticable—a character which would be removed by Mr . Wiliams ' sbill . He then went through the clauses . The bill had the merit of being very short and definite in ts provisions . There are but twelve clauses . The irst contains a general prohibition against selling , lawking , crying , or publicly offering or exposing or sale in any shep , warehouse , market , thoroughfare , or other place within the metropolitan polico district or the city or liberties of London , any goodB , chattels , effects , matter , or thing whatever ( the excepted articles are afterwards stated . ) The second clause continues the existing Btatutesasto
taverns , steam packets , club-housea , &o . The third takes away the responsibility of servants . The exempted articles are declared by the fourth clause to be : medicines or drugs for medicinal purposes ; milk , before nine in the morning and after one in the afternoon ; tea , coffee , readydressed food , or other refreshments , in any coffeeshop , &c , before ten in the morning and after one in the afternoon , or at any period of the day to lodgers or residents ; meat or fish , before nine , between May and October ; fruit , pastry , Ac ., before nine and after one ; newspapers before ten and after one ; and cigars and tobacco after one , The fifth clause presoribes the penalties on conviction—5 s . for the
lrat offence ; from os . to 20 s . for the second ; and from 20 s . to 40 s . for the third ; only one penalty to be incurred in a day until the third offence . The Cth clauses authorises the goods of hawkers to he seized , redeemable on payment of Is . By the 7 th clause , no articles , except meat , fish , poultry , fruit , pastry , or ice , can be delivered after ten o ' clock . The remaining clauses relate to the enforcing of the act , and the recovery of ponalties . It is to come into operation on tho 1 st of June . The several clauses were discussed seriatim , nnd appeared to meet with general approval ; and a resolution was come to , affirming the necessity of some legislative enactment for securing one day ' s rest in seven .
"Peiverts" to Rome . —The secession from the Church of England of Mr . Francis It . Ward , son of Mr . Alderman Ward , of Bristol , and a member of the eminent legal firm of Osbornes , Wards , and Co ., of that city , who , with his lady , were last week received into the Roman Catholic church , has been followed by that of the Rev . J . II . Woodward , incumbent of the large and populous parish of St James , in that city , who has intimated his intention ot immediately placing his resignation of that living m the hands of tho bishop . The church was densely crowded on Sunday , it being understood that the rev . divine would preach his farewell sermon and enter upon a statement of tho reasons
wnicn nad led him to secede . This , however , he aid not do ; having , in concurrence with some friends , thought that his doing so might lead to excitement , and possibly to confusion and uproar . The living is vested in trustee ? , all of whom aro of CTangelical principles , to which section of tho ™ J ?' - Woodward , when appointed as the successor of the Rev . T . Biddulph , belonged , lie has tor some time , however , been a Puseyite , and not long since Dr . Pusey preached two sermons in his ? w ; . m ° PPositi » n to an intimation by tho bishop that the proceeding did not meet with his approbation . Une of the rev . incumbent ' s curates preceded him in the inarch to Rome . Mr . Woodward was a man ot active benevolence , and , apart from his SSSaSI " ' WaS V 6 ry lnUCh bel 0 Ved by his
Fire . —On Thursday morning , about eieht o clock , a fire broke out on tho premises in tho oc cupation of Messrs . M'Corquodale and Co ., printers , situate in the rear of Cardington . Street , llamp-• tead-road , and near to the Euston station of the London and North-Western Railway . Considerable SHMmi , " * ft ^ ended , from the chcumstance of the building in which the fire occurred being surrounded by workshops containing property how ^ ?^ ° ! laracter . The prompt arrival . However , of the engines arrested the progress of the st 7 u ° crn t xT : but DOt WoreWentire detl \ !™ w ¥ csst i - Corquodata ' s establishment was completed . The fire is supposed to have oriffilfr a Piece of lighted paper having accififfi » en on the floor during the operation of lighting a fire m one of the offices .
nf Jtl 2 ! V Pen ^ rate through a thick covering ot snow , below a sheet of ice , or through a covering of grass on pasture , all of which act as non-con-
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he January 18 , 1851 . the northern star . fl — — I
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. THE WISDIXG-LT AXD U 05 ESTI FUXDS . TO THE EDITOR OF THE XOETBEES STAB . ,. ^ . —IsendyouaPcst-office order for ten shil-^ ° g ? , for myself and Xoah Shalders ; five shillings » r tneWu , dma _ UpOft j ieLana Company , and five Jiangs for Mr . O'Connor ' s lawsuit . I shonld have *** Wore , but have been expecting to be called * Wnfarit Tom , Ac ., aorwieb , Jan , 14 , 1851 . J . F . Dm . ¦" - ~—¦————^ ta—
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 18, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1609/page/5/
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