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Printed b y WILCUM RIDER. oiKo. 5. MucdeifieldJ trrt ;-
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Government- * Executive . " The rrovernment of the Association is jested in an Executive Committee consisting of nine menv lers ; the Secretary receiving a salary for his ser-V 1 CCS ** The salary of the Secretary was fixed at £ 2 per " The Convention then adjourned until the following morning ; the Chairman earnestly imploring them not to separate until the business was concluded . / , t ^ # rM . fi , u , _
THURSDAY , Roil cailed . Minutes read and Cdnfirwed . The discussion ontlie Ran of Organisation ^ ras resumed , an = » the following clauses adopted almost unanimously : — . Election of Executive . " The Executive shall be elected annnally from a list of ( lerams uoniiuated by the localities , such persons hiving lieen b-ma jidc members of the Association for at least six months . All nominations to take place one month p reviously to the election , and must be forwarded to ti ; e Genewl Secretary as soon as possible , a complete list of which shall be daly published in the democratic journals . The elections > hall be decided by ballot , and the agents shall make a romrn to the General Secretary , of the name of the candidates elected , with the number of votes polled for each . " Ditties ef the Executive .
"That tbe duty of the Executive Committee shall be to waic ' u over tbe general interests of the body , and to aid the promulgation ot its principles by app&intin < T k-cturers , issuing tracts : in-l addresses , and by giving instructions , relative to the formation of parliamentary and municipal election committees , ai : d also to take advantage of every circumstance and event which shall appear to them calculated to achieve the objects of the Association . " Agents . " That tbe members resident in every locality shall have the power of nominating seven of their body , including a treasurer and secretary , to act in the capacity of aacnts to tbe Association . " - "Tnat tf . e Agents of the Association shall hold office for three muntus , from the time of their nominations ; a list of the nominations to be sent as soon as possible , fur the approval and sanction of the Executive Committee . "
. Duties of Agents . " That the duty of the agents shall be to attend to the circulation of tracts " containing sound political information—proaurte public meetings , social lectures , discussions , reading rooms , libraries , and otherwise act as t ' . ic Executive shall direct in dig . geminating the principles of the Association . " " That the agents of each locality shall assemble at least once per week , to deliberate upon , and take the necessary measures for promoting the spread of democratic principles ; nnd wherever it is practicable , it is recommended . that delegate meetings representing districts shall be periodically held ; thus bringing several localities into united and harmonious operation . " -
"That the agents shall be empowered to divide tbe localities into districts , appoint lecturers and district visitors—the visitors to distribute tracts and collect funds . And all localities ehall alio be empowered to enact laws for their own guidance , pro-Tided such laws are in accordance with the fundamental rules of the Association . ' ' This concluded the plan of organisation . It was then decided that a Committee , consisting of Messrs . Hunt , Wheeler * Jones , and Ruffy , should be appointed to correct any errors that might 0 C-• ciir in the amended Programme , and also that the signatures of the delegates should be attached thereto .
Mr . Grat moved— "That the Chartist body be Tecommeniled to consider the expediency of modifying its Organisation , upon principles similar to those of the Odd Fellows and other orders of this country . " In his opinion the co-operative principle created strength , wealth , and iespectability . lie vras instructed by Ms constituents to bring forward tbe motion . Air . T . Hujjt seconded tbe motion .-Mr . Joses showed that it would be illegal , and that it was opposed to all the principles of nationalisation they had previously adopted . Mr . Graham said they had already laid down a plan of Organisation . The motion was negatived by a large majority . Sir . T . Hrat moved the following resolution : —
"That , to urge forward the Chartist movement , in accordance with the principles adopted by thin Convention , a combined agitation be at once instituted , on tbe following plan : "—1 . — "Petitions , demanding the enactment of the People ' s Charter , to be sent to Parliament from all parts of the country , with signatures systematically authenticated . " - 2 . — "During the process of getting up those petitions simultaneous meetings to be beld throug hout the country , with the agency of tbe National Charter Association , to declare the wants and wishes of the working classes . "
3 . — " Meetings then to be held to petition for new enactments , authorising and facilitating associations of working men . " 4 . — " A systematic movement to be opened to obtain a total reconstruction of the poor laws securing free relief to tie helpless—ri ght of labour to tbe able bodied , and placing the charge entirely on land and property . " 5 . — "At a suitable time meetings to be held throughout the country to petition for a total reorganisation of the army . " Mr . Prlvgle seconded the resolution . Mr . HcssiBiu , thought that by the Programme and plan of organisation they had already provided forali the objects Mr . limit wished to achieve . Mr . Jokes was of a similar opinion . After some discussion the resolutions were referred to the Executive Committee .
Mr . IIost , in the absence of Mr . Capewell , iroughtforward the following resolutions— " That as full a report as can be obtained of the procedingsof this Convention be printed for circulation throughout the country , for the satisfaction of the lriends of Democracy . The price to be as low as possible , so that it coven the expense of the printing . " Mr . B&B&ra seconded tbe resolution , which wai carried by a majority . . . A motion was then made that the Executive Committee should carry out the above object . Mr . Joses moved , and Mr . Habset seconded , tbe following amendment : — That in future editions of the Programme , the resolutions and the plan of organisation appended thereto be printed . " The amendment was carried . The corrected Programme was adopted .
Motions were then made relative to the debt due to Messrs . M'Gowan and Co ., and the late treasurer of the Convention , and the following was carried : — . " That the Executive Committee he requested to investigatethrclaimsof Messrs . M / Go wan and Co ., and to ascertain the amount of money owing to them by the Chartist Association , and to publish the same to the country . " The question t > f Finance w * s then brought forward , and referred to Messrs . Huffy and Wheeler to Audit Messrs . Robissos and Ghm proposed the following resolution : — " That the best thanks of this Convention are due to the Executive Committee ibr their untiring exertions in the cause of Democracy . " The motion was carried unanimously ..
Mr . Josks , at some length , acknowledged the vote of thanks , and alluded to the Convention concluding its sitting on the memorable 10 th of April . The minutes were then read , confirmed , and ordered to be s gned by the Chairman , on behalf of tbe Convention . Hr . Roeft mored , and Mr . Savage seconded , a vote of thanks to tbe Chairman . The Cuuius addressed the . Convention in reply , and the bod y dissolved . [ In our report of the first day ' s proceedings , the name of Gray occurs twice , as delivering a report from his constituents . In the latter case , the name of "Mr . Robinson , Bradford , " should be substituted for that of " Gray . " ]
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* CO-OPERATIVE CONFERENCE . ¦ Arrangements have been made for holdings Cooperate Conference of Delegates from the various Co-operative Societies throughout the country , for the purpose of drawing up and agreeing to some general plan of operation and co-operation for more fully developing the principles and beneficial effects of Industrial Co-operation . It is earnestl y requested that every Co-operative Society in the country will eend a delegate or . delegates to take part in the proceedings . Delegates to be appointed in the foltw ^ i ? aimer : "' companies numbering less P ^ i 7 j ? ! > er 8 to send one delegate ; and for SSSS paRS ^ ^* ssSSffisssw The meeting wiU be &" ^ n for is ™ s «<>« -
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Thades * Pbo ' ibchoh Assocuhoh n <* , Blunibenng energies of the Trades « r t V * 3 gg- ' -& * - vsaaste '& * ttJ 9 iAm& 2 £ t'& died witcra a few weeks-John S . Skinner of Pn ? Welphia ; Isaac Hill , of New HamS ^ nd Mordecai Noah , of Sew York . * V > ^ d
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PROGRAMME ADOPTED BY THE ¦ * . CHARTIST CONVENTION ; . : * Tha paramount duty of a Chartist National Convention is to promote Qhartiat Sfgatilfiation ta _ t o keep that organisation distinct from every often ? political movement or alloy , —and to spread through all classes political and social knowledge to the utmost of their power . I . —It is , therefore , resolved , for the foettei re-organisation of Chartism :--1 . —That , since by each and all of the fr . au PRO ( TllAM \ n 7 . AlinPTTP-nTlV-TWR !• •
chise measures now before the people ( excepting that embodied in the Charter ) , the middle class would gaiu far more votes than the working class would obtain , which would place the latter in a more powerless position than at present , the Ghavter must be agitated for in its entirety—that the omission of any " one of its points would impair the utility of the remainder—and that , therefore , popular support must be withheld from all franchise measures falling short of its provisions .
2 . —That the clause in the original Bill for the Charter would be specifying that every male adult should have the vote , unless convicted of crime , be modified to imply a deprivation of the vote , merely while undergoing punishment for crime ; since the punishment for an offence once undergone , no after penalty ought in justice to attach to the individual . ' 3 . —That a National Petition for the
Charter be presented to Parliament , such petition to be prepared on the following plan : Simultaneous meetings for passing the petition to be held in every town or borough where practicable . At such meetings two tellers to be appointed to count the numbers present ; the petition , together with a declaration affirming the numbers in favour of such petition , to be signed by the . tellers and the chairman of the
meeting .. 4 . —That in anticipation of a dissolution of parliament , all boroughs where the Chartist body are strong enough to contest the election , forthwith fix on candidates pledged to the Charter in its entirety form election committees , subscribe funds , commence agitating the district , and bring their influence to bear on the constituency . That where the candidate cannot go to the poll , a Chartist be put in nomination upon every hustings in the kingdom , when it is possible to seize that opportunity for spreading Chartist knowledge .
II—Municipal and parochial power should be . vested in tbe hands of the people , since disenfranchisemeut in local matters is as unjust as the restriction of the elective franchise ; therefore it is resolved : — 1 . —That the assistance which Chartist organisation may derive from municipal and local power be not lost sight of , and that practical steps be taken in all townships and parishes ( where democratic organisation is in existence ) to contest the municipal elections . .
2 . —That addresses be issued to the people , relative to municipal and parochial legislation , and that the question of municipal and parochial universal suffrage be brought before the public on principles analogous to those of the Charter . III . —It is further resolved , that the agitation for the Charter be carried among the trades , to strengthen both movements through mutual aid ; that communications be entered into with the Executives of the Trades' Unions , the various trades' bodies and associations of working men for that purpose , pointing out the reciprocal advantage to accrue from cooperation between the two great sections of reformers .
IV . —That the agricultural counties be divided into districts ; that tracts and addresses to farmers and labourers be prepared and issued . That missionaries , taking with them a supply of such tracts and addresses , be sent into the several districts , and that public meetings and lectures be held in the rural towns , for the purpose of establishing localities . . That missionaries be also pent to the Irish people , to the colliers , miners , and railway labourers . The expenses , where necessary , to be borne by the National Chartist Fund . .
The Convention is further of opinion , that the best way to enlist sympathy with the Chartist movement is , . to show its bearings on the grievances of every suffering clasg , that those classes may be taught to see in Chartism the leverage of their hopes ; that the best way to impress and weaken class government , is ; to ' show those who yet support it , that the Chartists would do them more good , than that cldss government can or will afford ; and to pour one continuous stream of agitation on class government , from every portion of the toiling community to attack every one of Us monopolies ; to assail every one of its strongholds , and to break them down in detail . '
The Convention is also of opinion , that . a political change would be inefficacious , unless accompanied by a social change ; that a Chartist movement , unless accompanied with social knowledge , would result in utter failure ; , that we ought to enlist , not merely the politician , but the man of business ; that we cannot claim or receive the support of the labourer , mechanic , farmer , or trader , unless we showthem that we are practical reformers ; that power would be safely vested in Chartist hands ; . that we know their grievances , and how to redress them ; that the Charter would confer on them a positive , immediate , and permanent benefit , and at once increase alike their comforts and resources . .
The Chartist body should , therefore , stand forward as the protector of the oppressedeach suffering class should see in it the redresser of its several wrongs—it ought tb . be the connecting link , that draws together , on one common ground , the now isolated bodies of the working clasges , self-interest being the tie best able to bind them to each other . It is , therefore , time that the self-interest of every one of the o ppressed classes be appealed to . . Each one of these classes demands a measure of Social Reform proportioned to its wants : —though various , these requirements are not conflicting—one right can never contradict another—truth can never antagonise with truth . ' .
To stand forth as the Ukiter of all these isolated , but in fact homogeneous interests , to weld the millions into one compact mast to evoke the . dormant mind of the country , and thus to launch the gathered power in the right direction , is the duty and endeavour of this delegation of the people . The Convention , deepl y impressed with this truth , while keeping Chartism distinct as an
organised political bod y , not joining any other section ; nor mixing it with any other organisation , recommends that public attention be directed to the following principles ; ' that subjoined remedial measures be submitted to the classes leverally interested ; that their support of Chartist organisation be solicited on the ground of these reforms , and that these be made the subject of continuous and universal instruction : —
I . —The Land . This Convention believes that the Land is the inalienable inheritance of all mankind : monopoly is therefore repugnant to the laws of God and nature . The nationalisation of the land is the only true basis of national p rosperity . - " With a view of arriving at this ultimatum , it ii resolved that the following measures be successively urged upon the public . 1 st . —The establishment ot a Board of Agriculture . - . . 2 nd —The restoration of poor , common , church , and crown lands to the people . { such lands to be divided in suitable proportions . Those located to be tenants of the SholdT ? proportioDate rent-charge for
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3 rd .- ~ Comper ; - . ; .. T - .. . , . . . . , for improve- r' * " 011 to ongoing tenants ¦ Ten - " lient 8 - -Qts not to be tied down to any old covenants of . rotation of crops ; Tbcj repeal of the Game Laws . All rents to be commuted into corn-rents . 4 th . —The state to be empowered to purchase land ; for the purpose of locating thereon the population , as tenants , individuall y or in association , paying a rent-charge to the state . The funds for such purpose to arise from the rent-charge payable on the common , church , poor , and crown lands above mentioned and such other sources as may hereafter be determined . * 1 + A 1-O . ivmnvnr . " ~ .
5 th . —Government purchasing land as above , not to be permitted to sell again , but to hold such lands as national property for ever , letting them to tenants in such quantities , and under such conditions , as may secure freedom to the tenant , and safety to the state . . 6 th . —The state to have priority of purchase at fair current prices . 7 th . —To provide for the final and complete Nationalisation of Land , the state shall resume possession of the soil as rapidly as the existing interests can be extinguished by process of law , by death , by surrender , or by any means accordant with justice and a generous treatment of all classes . ¦
• • 27 . —The , Church . Religion should be free ; as spiritual , it ought not to be subject to temporal control . Therefore , the Convention recommend—1 st . —Complete separation between Church and State .
2 nd . —All church temporalities to ho declared national property , except such individual endowments as have been voluntaril y and legally made . All ecclesiastical buildings , ' of which it can be clearly shown that their costs were defrayed from national funds , to belong to the State . Tho per ; suasion now using these edifices to continue in the , ' enjoyment of them on equitable conditions . ' " ' 3 . —Tithes and church rates to be abolished . ' ¦ 4 . —The State not to interfere with the internal polity of any church . All ecclesiastics to be appointed in any way their respective congregations think fit ; and to be paid voluntarily by the congregations who employ their services . . 6 . —Ecclesiastical licenses for the purposes of education to be unnecessary .
Ill—Education . As every man has a ri ght to the means of physical- lire , so he has to the means of mental activity . It is as unjust to withhold aliment from the mind , as it is to deny food to the body . Education should , therefore ^ be national ; universal , gratuitous , and , to a certain extent , compulsory . It is , therefore , recommended—1 . —That schools , colleges , and universities , supported by the State , should be gratuitously open to every citizen , and that it be compulsory with all parents to have their children educated in the common branches of learning . 2 . —Education in its higher branches to be equally gratunous , but optional . : 3 . —Industrial schools to be established , in which the young maybe taught the various trades and professions , thus gradually superseding the system of apprenticeshi p . ¦ _ . . 17 . —labour law .
Labour is the creator of a nation ' s wealth-as such , the most important element of its prosperity . Notwithstanding this , the relation of master and man has been repugnant to the well-being of society ; the creator has hitherto been tbe servant of the creature ; labour has been the slave of capital , and groaned under a system of wages-slavery , contrary to every principle of freedom . To elevate labour from its present depressed condition , the following measures are proposed , with a view to the more rapid abrogation of wagesslavery , and the development of the co-operative principle . 1 . —All co-operative associations for industrial purposes to have a ri ght to registration and enrolment without payment of fee ? , and to have an unrestricted number of affiliated branches . 2 . —The law of partnershi p to be so altered , as to remove existing difficulties in the way of association . ¦ •¦ ¦¦ . . .
3 . —The co-operative princi ple is essential for the well-being of the people ; the centralisation of wealth ought to be counteracted by a distributive tendency ; Us accumulation in the hands of isolated clubs is an evil second onl y to that of its monopoly by individuals ; therefore , all future co-operative attempts should , until the complete re-adjustment of the labour question , be modelled on a national basis , - and oonnected in a national union of which the different trades and societies should be localities or branches ; and the profits , beyond a certain amount , of each local society , should be paid into a general fund , for the purpose of forming additional associations of working-men , and thus accelerating the development of associated and independent labour . 4 . —A credit fund to be opened by the State , for the purpose of advancing money , on certain conditurns , to bodies of working men , desirous of aBsociaung together for industrial purposes .
V . ~ Poor £ au > . As it is the duty of every man to work , SO every man has the right to the means of work .: and those unable to work , through infirmity or age , have a right to support at the hands of the State Therefore—1 . —All able-bodied persons , who cannot support themselves , to be supplied with remunerative work : and , where possible , to be located on the land . 2 . —Where the State cannot find work for the unemployed , it is bound to support them until labour is . provided . ' ' 3 . —The unemployed to be supported by the State notbytheparish-and tha cost to be defrayed out of the national revenue . ' A . — ¦ The aged and infirm to be supported in their own homes , in the houses of their relatives or in special bujldmgs , erected by government , at the option of the recipient . ¦ VI . —Taxation . *
Taxation on industry represses the production of wealth-on luxuries , encourages governments in fostering excess—on necessary commoditiei , acts injuriously on the people ' s health and oomfort . All taxatiou ought , therefore , to bo levied on land and accumulated property . mu- , ^ VK-Ue National Debt . ¦ Inis debt having been contracted by a class government for class purposes , cannot be considered as legally contracted by the people . It is , moreover , absurd that future . generations should be mortgaged to eternity for the follies or misfortunes of their ancestors , and the debt be thus repaid several times over . The National Debt ought , therefore , to be liquidated by the money now annually paid as interest being forthwith applied as repayment of the capital until such repayment is completed . „ . - .. vln - ~ Currency . \
me convention consider that a change of currency laws is absolutel y necessary to the welfare ? w ! u Pr S . ducer of thi 8 « m » ntry , aid recommend that the Executive , by addresses , tracts , &c , direct the attention of the country to this subject . IX .-The Army . Standing armies are contrary to the principles of Democracy , and dangerous to , the liberties of the people . At tbe same time , the Convention acknow . ledge the expediency of a standing force being maintained , until suitable changes in ow colonies and at home shall have rendered its continuance rio longer requisite . Tlnt . il Iliinh nVtn-nnn ± l *« . * _ ll — : ¦ > , ' —ww » uau imu
... . 6 c , luuuwing enactments are LW ^ f if ' v e comfort '<> f the soldier , and the safety of the cttuen : — bpf ; 7 I L - i * nt u l e bindin S' unless renewed SraHnn ^ f « trate £ 2 * * " * enli 8 ting »«« the S 5 SJT e ? eriod of Buch en - atS ; ffJei ; : " ea rifiht te a free ^ ?*!! r 7 heii S ati ? r of it 0 ° F in bawaeks estranges tZl T * C ! - ' , > ^ der 8 lhem uufi t f «> r the duties of domestic life , demoralises them , and is unnecessary for discipline , as proved by iuch discipline not beinr impaired , when troops are quarteredonthe inhabitant ! , which is frequently the case both in peace and war . « H"e"wj „ * . ~ Troop » , quartered on the inhabitants to be paid lor as lodgers , and none to becompelled to receiv * them .
5 ~ Promotion to take place from the ranks by mi itaiy gradation , and none to be promoted before at least one jear ' s service in the rank * e . -Promotion by purchase to be abolished . 7 .-The use of the lash to be abolished 8 .-Courts martial to consist , in all ca seB , of officers and privates m like proportion ¦ X . —The Navy . ' To be regulated by analogousjawg . XL-The Militia . Ab it is the right of every individual to bear armi , so it uhii duty to know how to U 86 them I ai every citizen ought to receive a benefit-at the bands of the state , bo he ought to be prepared to defend it ; and as liberty w not safe , where an unarmed and undisciplined people stand in presence of an armed and disciplined caste , it is therefore requisite ^ that every male of sound mind and bodv , over fifteen years of age , should be afforded the opportunity of military training . r
XII , —The Press . That absolute freedom of thought ; and expression being one of the primary and most sacred of the rights of man , all restrictions—fiscal or otherwise—on printing and publishing are unjust and iniquitous , this Contention , therefore , declares its
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decided ' hostility to ' the taxes on knowledge , and recommends the total abolition of -- ' Theduty on Paper ; r . ' ¦ The duty on Advertiseniflnts ; The Penny- Stamp tax on New « papers ; And the import duty on Foreign Books and publioationa , ' Addresses , each embodying one of the above reforms , to be circulated , together with an exposition of the Charter ; and its necessity for enabling such reform to be obtained . " .
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^ THE NATIONAL CONVENTION AND TIIE VICTIMS OF 1848 . A supper took place on Wednesday evening , at the Craven ' s-head-Tavern , Marshall-street , Goldensquare , the object being to pay a public mark of t'l-atitude to the men who endured imprisonment for their opinions , during the eventful year of 1848 . \ . majority of the : members , of the : Convention attended , and seventeen of the Victims . The chair was occupied by D . W . Ruffy , and the vioe by -. ) . Shaw , Patriotic sentiments , songs , and recitations were given , and greeted with great enthusiasm . The toast of " the Victims " . .. was proposed by T . M . Wheeler , and acknowledged , on behalf of his brethren , by J . Shaw . -. ,. s : ; -- ¦ -
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> v— . ANNIVERSARY OF THE 'BIRTHDAY' OP ROBESPIERRE . A public festival , to celebrate this event , was held at the Literary and Scientific Institution , Johnstreet , on Tuesday evening , when a numerous parly sat down to tea . After tea a public meeting was held , at which Mr . G . Julian Harney presided ; and in an eloquent manner showed the merits of the person whoso memory they met to commemorate . —Mr . D . W . Ruffy proposed the following sentiment : — " The sovereignty of the people , the fraternity of nations , and the social regeneration of society . "—Mr . Graham , of Dundee , in an able
manner , supported the sentiment . —Messrs . Watson , and Thompson also spoke in its favour . —Mr . Samuel Kydd . supported the next sentiment : — * ' To the . memory of Maximilian Robespierre , and all who ; have suffered to advance the cause of Liberty , ' Equality ;; and Fraternity ; " Ho was , during along and eloquent address , most rapturously cheered . —Messrs . Mantle , Mitssey , Pettie , and O'Brien , also supported the sentiment . Avoto of thanks was g iven to the chairman , who replied at a considerable length ; and the meeting adjourned . .:
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MANCHESTER BOILER EXPLOSION . The adjourned inquest in this cape was taken on Wednesday evening . —^ hv Herford , the coroner , summed ' up , commenting on the leading facts which had been elicited in the course of the . inquiry , and particularly directing attention to the repeated , cautions given by witnesses both to Egerton and to Williamson , his employer , of the danger they were incurring by running the engine with too little water in
the boiler . He also drew attention more particularly , to the opinions of Mr . W . Fairbairn , that the boiler had become-red-hot through want of water , and that this caused the explosion— -an opinion , supported by Hartley , the boiler niaker .-T-. There were sixteen jurors , and . they retired to consider their verdict at about Bix o ' clock on Wednesday evening .. They returned into court about nineo ' clockj and the foreman then handed to the coroner the
following written verdict : — " 1 . The jury are of opinion that the boiler vraB efficient and perfectly competent to perform all the duties . required from it . 2 . They -are also of opinion that groBvS negligence waa exercised in the management and attendance of this boiler , and great want of ordinary care . . 3 . The jury are unanimously of opinion that the deaths of the parties visited by the jury arose from culpable
negligence on the part of Thomas Egerton ( the engine tenter ) and Thomas Williamson ( his employer . ) " . . " tinder these circumstances / ' the foreman added ,. «« twelve of the jury returned a verdict' of manslaughter against the said Thomas Egerton and Thomas Williamson . " Williamson and Egerton were detained in custody . on the coroner ' s warrant , and will be committed for trial at the next Liverpool assizes . ! ¦
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LATEST FOREIGN . Paris , Thursday . —M . Leon Faucher is once more charged with the formation of a definitive cabinet . The following nomiHations of a new ministry . are in the Patrie , and , it is said , will be published in the Moniteur of this day : — "M . Baroche , Foreign Affairs ; M . Rouher , Justice ; M . Fould , Finance ; M . Leon Faucher , Interior ; M , Buffet , Commerce ; General Baudin , War ; M , Magne , Public Works ; M . do CrouseilheB , Instruction ; M . Chasseloup Laubat , Marine . " 1
Constantinople ,-March 25 . —The Sultan has refused to accede to the demands of Austria to exclude M . Kbssuth and seven of his companions iu exile from the benefit ' of liberation , and . the Austrian Minister referred to Vienna for fresh instructions . General Aupick awaited the arrival of his successor .
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THE EXHIBITIONElaborate and Costly FunNiruRg . —Last week there was a private view of two most elaborate pieces of workmanship , which are to be contributed to the Exhibition , by Messrs . Holland and Son , upholsterers , Marylebone-street , St . James ' s . The first was a book-case , made to form one end of a room . The material is walnut , richly and minutely carved . In the centre is a cavity for a fireplace , which is of red Mona marble , with a green , dragon fitted in it . Over the fire-place are three niches , with green and red marble foliage panels . At eaoh side of these niches is a space for books , m \ h fcrasft doors , lined with crimson velvet .- BeBide each of these doors is a pedestal for statuary . Behind these are pilastres exquisitely carved , representine the
vine stem and grapes , and boys , with baskets gathering , the grapes , At the base are snakes and . lizards , and dragons , with some of which boys are saving contests ; and on the stem aie birds , butterflies , moths , and lizards . Under these pedestals are panels inlaid with green and red marble , and bosses of red marble . The whole is surmounted with a pediment , which is also minutely carved . The extreme length of this magnificent piece of furniture i « twenty feet eight inches ; height , thirteen feet ten inches . Its cenatruction has employed twenty-five men since September last , and its cost has not been lesn than £ 1 , 600 . The other piece of furniture which Messrs . Holland and Son are going to exhibit is a console table and glass . This is a more showy article even than the book-case . The design is novel
¦ nd original . The table is supported by gilt scrollwork , with mirrors so arranged as to represent a sheet of water , at the edge of which are the water Uly , the lotus , and tbe bullrush , and children playing on horns , kettle druma , and other instruments , all gilded in variegated gold . The table is in imitation marble , and above it ig a magnificent mirror , about eight feet four inches in height , and about seven feet in its greatest bieadth . At the bottom , at each side of the frame , is a . stork sapporting : the frame which is made to represent the water lily and the lotus , and other aquatic plants intertwined , all gilded with variegated gold , and the whole surmounted with a ; cluster o « bullrushej . The total height is twelve feet four incheg . . . •¦•¦ ..
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The RmiGEBB . -Mr . T . : Brown lectured at 41 , TurnmiU-street , on Sunday last , on the passing events of tbe day ; in which he took the opportunity of warmly eulogising the friends at Liverpool , for their sympath y to the Refugees in that town , and thanked all friends for their sympathy to the Refugees at TurnmiU-street : He took occasion to remark that the letter of Mr . O'Connor had given pnin to many friends , and hoped he would re-consider the matter , and not do anything to Cause more divisions . For his part , he was not aware that the Refugees were identified with any party Mr . Brown announced that a few of the Refugees had commenced business , nnd taken a shop at ii John-street , were lithography and the translation of languages were carried on , together . with paintings of all descriptions , amongst which was a tine oil painting of-KosButh for sale . * It « u announced that Mr . Broirh would lecture eh Sunday 13 th inst , when several eongs . will be suDEbvthe Refugees . . a '
The heirs of Louis . Philippe are about to offer for sale tho gallery of modern Pictures in the Palais Royal . k MOST WRACCIODS CCBE OF A BlD IlQ eF SlTTT Leaks' ddbation . bi Hooowat ' s Ointment akd Pols — Mr . Barker , of 5 , Gresham . place , Drjpool . at the » ee ' of eighteen , had a breaking , out on one of hi * ltgg , Aich ultimately formed int-, an ulcerous sore , and increased )! severity unti he Mas ei ghty years , old , when it Siv took mj . his power of walking . At list , after seS relief m vain .. for many years , & had recourse to Ho kf way ' s celebrated Ointment nnd P . Ils , and lhe « " n « lm ? hu medicines hare , cured him bo rompletelv tint hi •„ enabled to walk as wdl as most v& 1 gl " ' fifty J ^™
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THAMES .-A MtsmioBs CASE .-Wlliam Day , a respeotably dressed , young man ,, twenty-one years of . age , late barman to Mr . Deacon , wine and spirit merchant , 100 , Curtain-road , was charged with feloniously assaulting Ann , Harriet Newman , a young needlewoman , residing with her parents at 8 , Manning-street , Limehouss . About half-past one o ' clock on Tuesday morning nillier , 47 6 foHnd the complainant sitting on the step of a door in Little Sutton-street , Clerkenwell , apparentl y in a state of stupefaction , out of which he endeavoured
to rouse her , but to no purpose . She had a written address in her hand . She appeared entirel y deprived of the use of her limt / 8 , and he was compelled to convey her to the station on a stretcher . Her hands were bloody , but there was no marks of violence on her person . From the station-house she was conveyed to tho Royal Free Infirmary , Gray ' s-inn-road , | where she was attended by Mr Robertson , the house-surgeon . When sufficiently recovered from her state of stupefaction she gave tKe following extraordinary account of the circumstances which led to her being found , in the position in which the constable discovered her . She
said that on Monday , the 31 st ult , she got a letter from a young man named Richard Roberts , who was paying Ms addresses to her , mating an appointment to meet her ' that afternoon at tho Ben Johnson , RhodeBwell , Stepney . . Though the letter was hot in his handwriting , she imagined that he had got somebody else to write it , and kept the appointment , going there between four and five o ' clock . in the afternoon . Instead of Roberts she met the prisoner , who sivid your name is Newman ; you are waiting for Dick Roberts ; come with me , and I'll show you where he is . He then took tier round the corner , where a cab was waiting , and wished her to go on to the Ben Johnson ' s Bridge , which was close at hand : but she refused . An
altercation ensued , during which the prisoner and the cabman tried to force her into the vehicle , but some persons passing by interfered , on which the prisoner cried out " Wnat business is it of yours ? She is ray wife , and 1 want to get , her home . " Though she protested to the . contrary , ' the" parties adopted his statement , and she was forced into the cab . She had not been long there when ' the prisoner put a white handkerchief to , her ; mouth and nose , and she became , almost immediately insensible . On awakening put of her trance , she found h'erself lying on a sofa in a large room , - with ; a young woman sitting opposite her . The woman , whd seeme 4 to commiseV&te her position , asked her if she felt herself better , to which she replied , "I don ' t know that I have been ill , " for she did not perceive that any injury had been done to her . She asked
the young woman where she was , to which the other replied , ' "You ' re in a 'low house . '" Shocked at this intelligence , though she did not find that she had been abused , she cried out , "I must get out at once ; " to which the young woman replied , " I do . not think there is much uioin your trying . If , however , you are ' a respeofcable young woman , and re > olved to force your way out , here is a knife which may assist you ; but for . God sake do not tell the old woman , who willsooncome up , that I gave youtjiis knife , or any . advice or assistance . " A respectable-looking bid woman came up shortly afterwards with something in a glass , which she compelled the complainannpo swallow . The draught Had arrange effect upon her , and all after that seemed like ft . confused
dream . She remembered seeing a gentleman in the room , who . attempted to take liberties with her , which she resisted . She broke a quantity , of glass , aud had an indistinct idea ot cutting somebody with a knife , but could not say who it was ; the fact might account for the blood on her bahde , , She was then . again forcod into a cab , and remembered nothing mpro until she awakened to a . sense of consciousness in the Infirmary j but she did not think that her person had been violated , an opinion in which Mr . Robertson seemed to coincide . In addition to this ,. ifc was shown by the evidence of Richard Roberts , an optician ( the young . man who was paying his " addresses to the' complainant ) that on the Tuesday following he met the prisoner at the Standard Theatre , ' and after adjourning to a neighbouring publio house the latter eaid , VI had a fine lark witna girl last night . . 1 got her into a . cab at Stepney , in which we drove about through
Limehouse and Poplar , and I .. had connexion with her three times . " Witness , on whom the officer had previously called , made a casual remwk , to which anotheT young man in . the company observed , " Dick ( meaning witness ) , you ' re in a nice mess , " ( implying that it was hia sweetheart the prisoner had been driving about ) . In answer to Mi \ Yardley , Roberts said that his addresses to the young woman were honourable . That nobody was aware of the fac 6 but hia mother and a particular friend of hi ? , and he could not conceive how the prisoner could come to any knowledge of the fact . He had never written the letter making the appointment . —Mr . Yardley said that there was some evidence . sustaining the charge of the capital offence , and he should , therefore , remand the prisoner till Saturday ' next ; In the interim , the constables mustexort themselves to discover the house to which the prosecutrijt . wa 9 taken , and al * o to find out the oab which was used on the occasion .
MANSION-HOUSE . - An Impostor . -. William Webblmg , alias Captain Wright , alias Bowie * , a stout , well-dressed man , apparently about thirtyfive years of age , was brought before the Lord Mayor , in . the custody of Horsford , the officer ol the Mendicity Society , " charged as an incorrigible impostor . —Mr . H . Dundas , merchant , of No . 3 , White Lion-court . Comhill , said : The prisoner came to me at my . office a few days ago , and said he waited upon me on behalf of a Mrs . Mitchell , who , he stated , lived formerly at Qu ' eensferry , a small town near Linlithgow , where my father resides ; that Mrs . Mitchell was in very bad circumstances , and that it would be a great charity in me to give her . some pecuniary assistance . He at the Same
tune gave me a piece of printed paper , which bad the appearance of . being a warrant ' of distress for rent , and stud that the poor woman ' s furniture had been seited , and that theiumbf £ V 18 s . was required to make up the amount necessary to redeem the goods which had been distrained . Witness knew that Mrs . Mitchell wasdead .-Ilorsford , the mendicity officer , said the prisoner had about him when apprehended , a letter from a gentleman which purported to be an answer to an application about the . character . of a . young man who was looking for a situation as a servant . The letter stated that no luch person was known to the writer , but it contained all the information the impostor required-the sienature of the ™ Mm
addressed . To a list of subscri ptions found in the prisoner s possession appeared an exoellent imiiatationof the name , and several other signatures had been obtained by the same sort of thanoWre ,-1 ne Lord Mayor : 1 suppose you are familiar with his tricks ? -Horsford : I have known him to be one of the most resolute , off hand , able-bodied impostors about town . He is one of those who get so muoh money from the benevolent people with whom h . ^ K abounds > tha »* Pever entered into his wh . * „?! f " . "" ^ ind »» try . -ThePruoher : J 5 t f ™ K ^ 1 have no other resource , and ¦ tamtion u before me . I'll promise your lordship if you let me p you Shall never ace me again . The fact 18 , a gentleman hag woraised to set-. m « nn in a
good lino of business , in the city , near this place . -Hwsford : I hawhere , my lord , a list of nine convictions which have taken place against the prisoner since 1836 for imposing upon the benevolent . In one case the City Solicitor prosecuted , ine prisoner had Upon that occasion gone about in the dress of a coalheaver , » nd obtained contributions for a comrade who " had a dreadful accident and a large famil y . " The comfort in which he spent his evenings was known to be quite enviable . In fact , it was well known that by his skill he contrived ; within the last few " weeks , to get hold of a number of small sums to the amount of upwards of £ 150 . —The prisoner : I faithfull y promise that I shall never appear in the City aeain . excent as a
respectable man . I admit that Mr . Horsford hag told some facts , but I have since my first conviction been in good business . I have been a fishmonger , and I shall set up in that trade , or some other respectable way , again . ( Laughter . ) A friend or mine is going to give me a capital start again .--The Lord Mayor : He ehall not start you until I have a turn out of you in Bridewell , to which place I commit you for three months . You will have some such labour there as you are not accustomed to .-The prisoner : Although 1 am strong m appearance I am quite a cripple -The y ^ therr TLCy M ^ If experimentupon MARY LEBpNE .-HoKRrBM ~ CASK . ~ John Mac laren , aged . forty-five ,. reiiding it "No . 7 Little S !* 1 ^ P 1 ^ at ttaV . charJed S
ssrff ^^ tton m 5 t AT 8 ister * * *«>¦ » situv ' l . rtl kf /»^ er then told her that Ebe Th « iwiiS ° ther b * better al 1 « Ie « P with hiro - L , f 5 h H " 'T ? On t 0 8 taW i that the fir 8 t time ner lather acted improperl y towards her-was in the early part ot January , while her sister was at the play , and that before he did so he made her drink a large quantity of beer , which caused her to feel very drowsy . The offence complained of took place on the . bed , and she tried all she could to getaway from her father , but it was of no avail , and he effected his purpose . He desired her not to tell
her sister , and she did not do so , being afraid that her father , who was a very severe man , would beat her , as he had done upon former occasions . He had since repeated the act many times , while her brother was asleep in the bed : the last time
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was on the previous Saturday , n , ^ aP P 1 l th « child ultimatel y com , ^ " > e t . what had happened to Mrs . Cano ^ T ? , fe < i odger , and Mrs . Fowler , the landladv n eIlow former telling her that shd would keS X 0 ? lha might be mentioned to her a ' secret . J '" ate » 9 f ever , upon learning that the conduct of tl h ° - soner was of so shocking and infammu . } pri ' tion , felt herself bound to Rive suTl ? d (! 8 eri l' - as led to the apprehension ? Ttfi pri £ ?»< house of his master , a . bootmaker in South Vl 1116 street . Tho child had alao told ' Mro o Ie ? - upon her proposing to speak to her eldest »> about taking her away from the hS ^ f had better , not do anything of tK 5 « tbat > b * the brother ) had himself , more £ onoi * h * her money to allow him to do ifffofilf *** . done , adding that her . father hidI affi S ! h ° r ha ( i was . wroug « to both of her sisters " W * * ' was remanded till Thursday next ptl 8 One r
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The Pope ' s Army . —The pontifical im Iim just published a general statistical , t ? ' tho Roman Catholic clergy , from whni-I meut » J that of seventy cardinal ? e £ iJ 8 wlSi ' ap P « the sacred college , there are three vacant ailT ^ order of deacons , which now . cou »» t 8 « H » th » instead of fourteen . The order of' bi , ff y e evci 1 of priests is-complete , the first ha » in ? fl " nd that the last six . The dean of tho LS fif « ni the Archbishop of Bologna . Opnizonit ? pnest 8 » is the Prince Archbishop of BreslaT / n r . - ° 8 est » Eleven cardinals have not yet reSri iS Cp , onbrok are consequently still untitled Tl . o n « \ at and bishops in Europe is 104 _ of wh omiea& i" *^ in France , 13 in Germany , 8 in Spab ? i 4 lllS and -Dalmatia , 4 in Ireland , 4 in Turk ' ? "" g ^ tngal , 3 in Russia , 1 in Greece ,. 1 in jfcte * ?«^ England , nnd 1 in the Ionian Islands Th m archbishops have C 09 suffragan bishops viri- ? Europe , and 202 on the coast of Africa ii ii French colonies , and various Spanish a ,, d pj ?
juese isianus . uesiaes tneBe , there are 79 iT immediately subordinate to the Iloly See ri , 12 in Italy , 1 in Germany , 4 in Switzerland 2 in « ' ^ ( thoseof Leon and Oviedoj , 1 in Volhi ni a ( » 1 in Malta , and . one m Bulgaria ( TmkeVl ti vicars apostolic and the prefects apostolic whn mostly under tho direction of the con ewinn ar the propaganda , afe 47 , of whom 38 are in conn tries not professing Christianity . In AmorioatW are 19 archbwhopu with 90 suffracans . In n ...
2 archbishops , 11 bishops , and 9 vicars anoTZ There are 23 patriarchs , of whom only 2 are i . I ' rope-those of Lisbonand Venice . The total niT « " ber of bishoprics is 889 . As to the JSSjJ and bishops in panibus , their number is 4 Ci 1 OatholiS 6 WhOlC tbereare 1 > 36 ° tUled epi 6 ^
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" CORN . Mam Lane , Wednesday . —We had rath ' -r a ' h . (»« p' . y of English Wheat , which met a slow sale IT * - ^ SL ^ TJSA % ; iSl ^ ^ was excessively dull Sale , and offered XXJ ^ malting Barley WaS in request , and for Sng ^ pr ceg were fully maintained . In Mnlt n , (« , T j , , ' Beans nnd Pens sold fully M dear Th . unnl ^ Tn ° L rather increased since I « tw « f bntwe"SSSS * ' ! J to-day for good Corn , . and at full prices emand Richmond , Yorkshire , April 5—\ ve ' onU had n * vi pi , of whbat , at an advance of h ^ SrVfw ?? -, from 5 s 6 d o 6 s 6 d : Oats from Si ¦ ed to 3 s -Barte ? £ 3 s ; o 3 s 9 d ; Beans from 4 s to 4 s Gd . ' rley from
CATTLE . ¦ SmramtD , Monday .-The nHm ' ber of foreign Beasts mi Sheep in to-day ' .: market was by no means W-W there wa * rattier an extensive supply of large HOgS from France . Full average time-of-year supplies of home-fed Bea « t 8 came , fresh to hand , in excellent condition thp favourable change in the weather , together with the fall weoffmtoequanntawof meat on sale in Newgate and Leadenhall , produced rather more firmness in the beef trade , and a Rood clearance was effected at prices full * equal to those obtained on Monday last . Theprimest Scots told at fr « m 3 s 6 d to 3 s 8 d per 8 Ibs . With sheen ™ were seasonably well , but not to say heavily . txemXtl Most breeds were in moderate request at last week ' s cur rency . The best old Downi . in the wool , sold at 4 s fid o 4 s 8 ( 1 ; out Of the wool , 3 sl 0 dto 4 sper 81 bs , Alareenor tionofttie supply was composed of cli pped tegs Lmbs oi
—me tuppiy wmen w » s small-moved off slowly it unaltered quotations , viz ,, 5 s to GsperSlbs . No arri ' vak took place from the Isle of Wight . We had only a liS inquiry for calves , but no change was noticed in their value . The pork trade ruled dull , at late figures Beef , 2 s 6 d to 3 s 8 d ; mutton , 3 s 6 d to 4 s 6 d veal 3 ? ii to 4 s Od ; pork , 3 s U to 4 s Od .-Price per tt ' on < Tot lbs sinking the offal . Newgate and Leabeshau ,, Mondav , Anril 7—infi . iinr beef , 2 s 2 d to 2 s 4 d : middling , ditto , 2 s Cd to ft m ' prime large , 2 s lOdto Ss Od ; prime small , 3 s 2 d to 3 s 4 d ' large pork , ; 2 s 6 d to 3 s 6 d ; inferior mutton , 2-s 6 d to 2 s 8 . i ' middling ditto 2 s lOd to . 3 s 6 d ; prime ditte 3 s 8 d to 3 S 1 M veal , 3 s Od to 4 s Od ; imaU pork , Ss 8 d to SilOdper 81 bs . by the carcase . '
PROTISIONS . Iondoh , Monday—The sales of Irish butter last week were few and unimportant . In prices buyers were , «« nearly on their own terms . There was a fair b « sinp « done in forsign at a further decline in rnlue on aiiS For bacon landed there wes * respectable demandat prices in favour of the sellers , and an increased feelineto buy for forward shipment at an advwee on the current r « tesoflsto . 2 spercwt . Hams were in active request . No change in prices . Lard dull , and rather cheaper . Bnoush BumR Markei , April 7 .-There is little &Ueration in prices mnce our last . We have increasing 8 U p . pliei , and former rates will have to be submitted to Dor » etfineWetklj 9 ; 28 to 98 S . por . cWt . ; do . S ' 5 stale 76 s to 82 ; fresh 9 s to 12 s per dox . lbs .
BREAD . ^ Tha pricee of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from 61 d . to 7 d . ; of household ditto , 4 Jd . to SJd . peHlbs
WOOL . # LOOTOK , April 8 . —In tbe private contract market there is scarcely any demand Jor wool , andmest low qualities are offering at a slight reducti . n in price . Last wek " fT . ! ? ™ I *? % m bales k ° Bombay , 110 fvom Leghorn 10 from Sydney , 79 from the Cape , 31 from Hamburg , 1004 from Italy , 102 from Mogadore , and 201 from Algoa Bay : making a total of 1 , 051 bales . Livebpool , April 5 .-Scotch . -There is still no improvomeut in demand for Laid Hi ghland . White is still in bet-CrUXfdhlS . ' ' Uttle > if miJtIline ' d 0 iD ^ Citbcr _ PoBEiG ! f . —There have been several arrivals from ' the WestCoait this week , for which , notwithstanding there . neral dullness , there have been several applications U , pur-. . Imports for the week 3 037 bales . Previously this year i » 528 bales ,
WOOLLEN CLOTH . Leeds , April 8 .-There has been a good attendance o f merchants in the cloth halls to-day , and a fair average business has been done .
COTTON .,, Livemool , April 8—The market has been very dull tooay , yet without alteration in prices . The sales are csti . mated at about 2 , 500 bales , and include 2 , 000 American ; 200 Egyptian , 7 } to 10 ; 300 Surats , 5 to 5 J . Manchester , April 8—We have again had a very unft . vourable market , the principal cause being tbe depressing nature of the advices by the Asia , which came to hand on Saturday evening . Yarns may be quoted Id per lb under the prices given on Saturday , with buyers very cautious and unwilling to offer . In minings suitable for the India and China market there has been a good deal of inquirr , with gome extent of business , but at prices lid per piece below the quotations of Saturday , and from 3 d to 4 id in some qualities below the rates given u fortniitht aim . In grey printing cloths , also , prices were further in favour of ft ! y * t ' f " h " P ° nams , but to . the extent to which the market has of late been cleared of these goods , as of shirtings , keeps producers from pressing them , orforcinc
HIDES . Leadenhau ,. —Market hides , 561 b . to 641 b ., l » d . to 2 i . SnTh Sii " . G 4 Ib - to ™ b ., 2 d . to 2 Jd : dittot 721 b . to S ? n ^ l " mSP- : di « o 8 Glb . tolOilb ., 3 id . to 4 d ,, ft * ? - t , ° 1121 bl > ll i dt 0 4 i -J Calf . 8 ki . is , each , 3 e ; 6 d . to 6 s . 6 d . ; Horse-hideg Cs . to 7 s . ^
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m the parirfj of St . Anne , Westminster , at the inn » r , cmce , 16 , Great Windmill-street . IiaviP : * rket , mtfic li « J of Wertminis'Ur , f » r tl e Pr . prietorj FEA CUS . O'CO * N U , Esq ., . \{; I ' ., « nd pnblul cd by tlie laid V 'p ; * ¦ KmEa at the oti te in the kiiino street tnd I '"' * " ' Uturday Apvil 12 th , 1851 .
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STATE OP TRADE . hv * l h ! i ?^ ' ,- u es , ?? . ' ~^' Ilccountl 5 brouglit to hani ^ rtS . «? / ^ will be found ab « v e ) inform us that * h ^ n V& ofe xc ltel J (; nt . Without subsi-quent relapse , had been produced in the different ports of the Union bjad-» nV « . 1 i eC lr t « l nd ex P ected from this country . The general effect of these accounts , on tbis side , ia still farther to weaken the opinion that we areto have a , deficient sup-Fnpilu *? 81 ! u ere re wcl Wnformed par iea who infer from tneirletters that the quantitv t « ho fnrnanled from the
intenor is becoming exhausted . The Liverpool market h « been dull both yesterday and to-day ; and spinners have found prices rather in their favour . In our own market , an increased disposition cautiously to limit operations « o immediate wantg has shown itself amongst th » different classes ofbujew , and the day ' s transactions have consequently proved altogether iucunsiderable . Goods have not tully maintained their valuo ; and , though there is scarcely any quotable change in most descriptions of reeled yarn * yet the tendency is against sellcn-rather more so is muK than in water , and in 20 '» water th » u in 3 O ' i . Pincops « f » to be had at rather lower rates .
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. :- ; , Jh >» i tht Gazette of Tuesday , Ap ril 8 th . Y ¦• ¦ - ¦ = BANKRUPTS . George Smcllie , High-street . Shadwell , ' « iJv «» mitb-- ' R ? ber I' ?* - Thorne ^' IsIc of E y . butcher-William C * ' - Blomfield-terrace , Harrow-road-James Thomaa HobsoD , V . el ! ingbor » ugh , corn-mercbant—William RobinnoD , T « r llfj . FQUllM , TawerJiSH , corn-factor - Geoi ^ e ]?«
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS . M . Smith , Glasgow , ship agent-R . Cuthbertwn Du « - termline , manufacturer—A . Baxter , Lower Kincraig , 5 . ' Invergordon , corndeuler-M'Lennen , Lyndale , I « limd ° ' stje-w . Frame , Glasgow , generul grocer .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 12, 1851, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1621/page/8/
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